Efectos Del Covid 19 en La Economía

 

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P]AWLN[A KL I]DKA [LCD CDN]A: GFBA]CDNGÞF ^AM]L LH NARGK-47 L^[\KGA KL ND^A: ‘Klsnrgpngþf ‘Klsnrgpngþ f kl has lblntas klh Navgk 47 lf hd lnafacãd kl hd bdcghgd–

[rdmdja kl gfvlstgidngþf prlvga d hd amtlfngþf klh tãtuha kl Mdneghhlr lf Nglfngds

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KLHGCG[DNGÞF KLH ND^A KL L^[\KGA Gftrakunngþf Lh [lcd kl gfvlstgidngþf d naftgfudngþf prlslftdka musnd rldhgzdr hd klsnrgpngþf kl has lblntas klh Navgk 47 lf hd lnafacãd kl hd bdcghgd Pdrlkls Pdrlkls Iþclz kl hd Nkhd. Nargfd klh Pdrrdh klh ]nta Hd Puftghhd kurdftl lh dôa =0=4, qulkdfka nhdra qul lh bdntar lnafþcgna y hd bdhtd kl cavghgkdk eucdfd edf pravandka hd rlkunngþf y lsndsls kl trdfsdnngafls trdfsdnngafls naclrngdhls d hd cdyarãd kl has eaidrls dblntdkas par lstl nafbgfdcglfta ihamdh klsbdvarlngþ hd sgtudngþf lnafþcgnd klmgka d hd bdhtd kl gfirlsas lf hd cdyar pdrtl kl hd pamhdngþf qul vgvl klh kãd d kãd kl sus fliangas y lcphlas. Lftrl hds pdrtgnuhdrgkdkls cäs fatargds ls hd duslfngd kl gfirlsas lf has eaidrls klmgka d hd bdhtd kl ilflrdngþf hdmardh, hdmardh, lh dgshdcglfta par hd pdfklcgd klh Nav Navgk-47 gk-47 ed pravandka ufd nrgsgs lnafþcgnd lf has eaidrls klh cufka y naf cäs bulrzd lf has pdãsls lf vãds kl klsdrrahha naca Lnudkar sglfka hds plrsafds kl mdjas rlnursas lnafþcgnas hds cäs dblntdkds, lstd sgtudngþf ls prlanupdftl klmgka d hds nafslnulfngds qul dndrrld. Ls kl irdf gftlrçs hd gfvlstgidngþf rldhgzdkd par nudfta hd pamhdngþf klml lstdr gfbarcdkd y nafanlr lh gcpdnta qul tglfl y sliugrä tlfglfka lf has eaidrls lh fa tlflr ufd nuhturd  prlvlftgvd lf sgtudngafls sgtudngafls nac nacaa hd qul lstä ddzatdfka zatdfka d hd eu eucdfgkdk cdfgkdk lf lstas lstas caclftas. Ha qul sl quglrl klcastrdr klcastrdr ls hd Klsnrgpngþf kl has lblntas lblntas klh Navgk 47 lf hd lnafacãd kl hd bdcghgd Pdrlkls Iþclz kl hd Nkhd. Nargfd klh Pdrrdh klh ]nta Hd Puftghhd kurdftl lh dôa =0=4 kltlrcgfäfkaha clkgdftl lh usa kl tçnfgnds kl rlnahlnngþf kl kdtas naca hds lfnulstds y klsnrgmglfka lh slftgr kl hd bdcghgd dftl hd gfvlstgidngþf kl fgvlh klsnrgptgvd rldhgzdkd.

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Dftlnlklftls Kurdftl hd pdfklcgd klh NARGK-47 hd prlvdhlfngd kl hd gfsliurgkdk dhgclftdrgd lstä duclftdfka lf taka lh cufka, prgfngpdhclftl lf eaidrls naf fgôas, eaidrls fuclrasas y naf mdjas gfirlsas. Lf llhh Lnudkar Lnudkar dftls kl hd pdfklcgd sliúf hd NLPDH NLPDH sl rlpartþ ufd prlvdhlfngd kl sumdhgclftdngþ sumdhgclftdngþff kl h9,7 %,y uf 9,4 % kl prlvdhlfngd kl gfsliurgkdk dhgclftdrgd, qul rlprlslftd 4,> cghhafls kl plrsafds sumdhgclftdkds y 4,= cghhafls kl plrsafds qul pdklnlf gfsliurgkdk dhgclftdrgd irdvl. Dntudhclftl y d ndusd klh nafbgfdcglfta par NARGK-47, sl ed ilflrdka uf gfnrlclfta lf hd klcdfkd l gfnlrtgkucmrl lf hd ablrtd kl has dhgclftas, fatäfkasl lh dhzd kl prlngas lf prakuntas kl  prgclrd flnlsgkdk. flnlsgkdk. (]amdya, =0= =0=4) 4) Hd pdfklcgd kl NARGK-47 ed tlfgka rlplrnusgafl rlplrnusgaflss klvdstdkards pdrd nglftas kl cghhafls kl plrsafds lf lh cufka. ^gf lcmdria, has cäs dblntdkas par hd nrgsgs lnafþcgnd andsgaf andsgafdkd dkd  par hd pdfklcgd pdfklcgd lstäf sglfka has fgôas y su suss bdcghgds. Dftls kl hd NARGK-47, has fgô fgôas as tlfãdf lh kamhl kl pramdmghgkdkls qul has dkuhtas kl vgvgr lf hd pamrlzd lxtrlcd. Deard, lh fúclra kl fgôas qul vgvl par klmdja klh ucmrdh kl pamrlzd pakrãd duclftdr, ha qul edrãd dúf cäs gfnglrta lh butura kl cghhafls kl fgôas. (\fgnlb, =0=4) Lh 49 kl cdrza, lh iamglrfa lnudtargdfa, d bgf kl lvgtdr hd prapdidngþf klh vgrus, klnrltþ dgshdcglfta amhgidtarga pdrd takd hd pamhdngþf, susplfkglfka d hd vlz takds hds dntgvgkdkls  prlslfngdhlss tdfta lkundtgvds nnaca  prlslfngdhl aca hdmardhls, hdmardhls, lxnlpta hds vgfn vgfnuhdkds uhdkds d hd ndklfd ndklfd prakuntgvd prakuntgvd kl dhgclftas, kl slrvgngas sdfgtdrgas y kl sdhuk. (Phdf Gftlrfdngafdh, =0=4)

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Klbgfgngþf klh pramhlcd D rdãz qul has iamglrfas lf taka lh cufka lftlra eds gka tacdfka clkgkds qul rlstrgfilf has cavgcglftas kl hd pamhdngþf pdrd cgtgidr has ndsas kl naftdiga, lstas klmlf ndcmgdr ratufkdclftl sus rutgfds kgdrgds, hairdfka qul hds lstdkãstgnds klculstrlf qul lh dgshdcglfta  par hd pdfklcgd pdfklcgd klh Navgk-47 ed pravandka uufd fd nrgsgs lnaf lnafþcgnd þcgnd lf has ea eaidrls idrls klh cufka y naf cäs bulrzd lf has pdãsls lf vãds kl klsdrrahha naca Lnudkar sglfka hds plrsafds kl  mdjas rlnursas rlnursas lnafþcgnas hd hdss cäs dblntdk dblntdkds, ds, lstd sgtudngþ sgtudngþff ls prlanupdftl prlanupdftl klmgka d hds hds nafslnulfngds qul dndrrld. Ls gcpartdftl nafanlr has lblntas klh Navgk-47 lf hd lnafacãd kl hd pamhdngþf pdrd tacdr  clkgkds qul dpartlf d suplrdr a naftrdrrlstdr lstd nrgsgs lnafþcgnd qul ed vgsta lf lh úhtgca dôa nglftas kl fliangas lxtgfiugrsl fa ed sg atras qul edf nrlngka kurdftl lh dgshdcglfta, klmgka d qul fa lxgstl gfbarcdngþf kl gfvlstgidngafls prlvgds samrl hd pamhdngþf lf lstukga lh prlslftl trdmdja musndrd hhlfdr lstl vdnãa d trdvçs kl gfbarcdngþf lcgtgkd par lh irupa  pamhdngafdh lstukgdka. lstukgdka. Par ha lxpulsta y pdrd lh klsdrrahha kl lstd gfvlstgidngþf qul ls kl dhta gftlrçs sangdh sl  phdtld hd sgiuglftl sgiuglftl gftlrraidftl. ±Nu ±Nuäh äh ls hd klsn klsnrgpngþf rgpngþf kl has lbln lblntas tas klh Navgk 47 lf hd lnafacãd kl hd bdcghgd Pdrlkls Iþclz  kl hd Nkhd. Nargfd klh Pdrrdh klh ]nta Hd Puftghhd kurdftl lh dôa =0=01

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Justgbgndngþf klh lstukga Hd prlslftl gfvlstgidngþf gfvlstgidngþf sl vd d nlftrdr lf lstukgdr has clndfgscas clndfgscas y barcds qul sl klmlf nafsgklrdr pdrd dbraftdr ufd nrgsgs lnafþcgnd lf tglcpas kl pdfklcgd, yd qul fa lxgstl ufd nuhturd bgfdfnglrd prlvlftgvd pdrd ndtästrabls naca hd vgvgkd dntudhclftl. ^l prapafl lftafnls gfvlstgidr y prlslftdr clkgas, dnngafls y barcds qul dpaylf d cdfljdr y samrlhhlvdr lh gcpdnta lnafþcgna qul dblntd d hd cdyar pdrtl kl hd pamhdngþf. Hds bdcghgds qul sl cdftlfidf gfbarcdkds y ndcmglf su nuhturd bgfdfnglrd rlbhljdrdf uf cljar caka kl vgkd lf tglcpas kl nrgsgs lnafþcgnd y sl mlflbgngdrdf ndkd ufa kl has gftlirdftls kl sus eaidrls.

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Amjltgvas klh Lstukga Amjltgva Ilflrdh Klsnrgmgr has lblntas klh Navgk 47 lf hd lnafacãd kl hd bdcghgd Pdrlkls Pdrlkls Iþclz kl hd Nkhd. Nargfd klh Pdrrdh klh ]nta Hd Puftghhd kurdftl lh dôa =0=0.

Amjltgvas lsplnãbgnas 

Dfdhgzdr has lblntas klh Navgk 47 47 lf hd lnafacãd kl hd bdcghgd Pdrlkls Pdrlkls Iþclz clkgdftl lh usa kl tçnfgnds kl gfvlstgidngþf naca lfnulstds d ndkd ufa kl sus gftlirdftls.

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Kltlrcgfdr nþca sl sglftlf has gftlirdftls kl hd bdcghgd Pdrlkls Iþclz naf rlsplnta d hd prlslftl gfvlstgidngþf.

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KL^D]]AHHA KLH L^[\KGA KL ND^A Cdrna Nafnlptudh Lh nafbgfdcglfta par Navgk-47 ls lh prgfngpdh ndusdftl kl qul hds plrsafds y sus clrndfnãds fa pulkdf ngrnuhdr hgmrlclftl, ls flnlsdrga lstl lstukga kl ndsa pdrd rlvgsdr y dfdhgzdr has lblntas klh Navgk 47, lf hd lnafacãd pdrd lvgtdr lh nahdpsa bgfdfnglra lf hd  pamhdngþf kl lstukga. lstukga.

Has Rgrus Has vgrus saf plqulôas plkdzas kl D]F (ängka rgmafunhlgna) a DKF (ängka klsaxgrrgmafunhlgna), klsaxgrrgmafun hlgna), cuneas lstäf lfndpsuhdkas lf ufd lfvahturd elned d mdsl kl pratlãfds nafangkd naca näpsgkl, atras pratlilf su cdtlrgdh ilfçtgna naf ufd clcmrdfd a lfvahturd klrgvdkd kl hd nçhuhd d hd qul gfblntdf y dhiufas atras dklcäs rakldf su näpsgkl naf ufd clcmrdfd nlhuhdr. Has vgrus edf lvahungafdka pdrd rlprakungrsl klftra kl hd nçhuhd qul gfblntdf, yd qul par sã sahas fa saf nd ndpdnls pdnls kl ednlrha parqul parqul ndrlnlf kl hd cdqugfdrgd cdqugfdrgd cahlnuhdr flnlsdrgd. (Dhdrnþf, =0=4)

Hd Navgk-47 Hd NARGK-47 ls hd lfblrclkdk gfblnngasd ndusdkd par lh narafdvgrus qul sl ed klsnumglrta cäs rlnglftlclftl. rlnglftlclftl. [dfta lstl fulva vgrus naca hd lfblrclkdk qul pravand lrdf klsnafangkas klsnafangk as dftls kl qul lstdhhdrd lh mratl lf Yuedf (Negfd) lf kgnglcmrl kl =047. Dntudhclftl hd NARGK-47 ls ufd pdfklcgd qul dblntd d cuneas pdãsls kl taka lh cufka. (Aridfgzdngaf Cufkgdh kl hd ^dhuk, =0=4)

Lxpdfsgþf klh Navgk-47 ^l nrll qul lh NARGK-47 sl prapdid prgfngpdhclftl d trdvçs klh naftdnta nlrndfa kl  plrsafd d plrsafd, plrsafd, gfnhusa lftrl plrsafds qqul ul lstäf bãsgnd bãsgndclftl clftl nlrnd lftrl ssãã (d clfas kl 2  pgls). Hds plrsafds plrsafds qul ls lstäf täf gfblntdkds pl plra ra fa prlslftdf prlslftdf sãftacds tdcmgç tdcmgçff pulklf prapdidr  prapdidr  lh vgrus d atrds plrsafds. ^l edf fatgbgndka dhiufas ndsas kl rlgfblnngþf naf NARGK-47, plra saf pana brlnulftls. ^liugcas dprlfkglfka dnlrnd kl hd barcd lf qul sl prapdid lh vgrus y hd irdvlkdk kl hd lfblrclkdk qul andsgafd. (Nlftra pdrd lh Naftrah y Prlvlfngaf kl Lfblrclkdkls, Lfblrclkdkl s, =0=0)

Lh lcphla lf Navgk-47 9

 

^liúf lh Gfstgtuta Fdngafdh kl Lstdkãstgnds y Nlfsas (GFLN), d kgnglcmrl kl =047 hd tdsd kl lcphla dklnudka sl umgnþ lf lh >5,5%, lvgklfngdf lvgklfngdfka ka ufd ndãkd kl 4,5 puftas parnlftudhls rlsplnta kl kgnglcmrl kl =045. Pdrd bgfdhls kl =047, hd tdsd kl klslcphla bul kl >,5% y hd kl lcphla gfdklnudka gfdklnudka ,=% y 4,). Klmgka dh tdcdôa kl hd pamhdngþf kl lstl lstukga kl ndsa, fa sl rlquglrl tacdr ufd culstrd pdrd hd gfvlstgidngþf.

Ndrdntlrãstgnds kl hd pamhdngþf Pdrd paklr nucphgr naf has amjltgvas lsplnãbgnas phdftldka phdftldkass lh prlslftl lstukga kl ndsa klsnrgptgva klml lstdr klhgcgtdka narrlntdclftl lf tdcdôa, lvgtdfka dsã slr pana rldhgstd y sglcprl cdftlflr hd amjltgvgkdk. (Drgds, =04=) Clfngafd ‘Pamhdngþf amjltgva, ls uf nafjufta bgfgta a gfbgfgta kl lhlclftas naf ndrdntlrãstgnds nacufls pdrd hds nudhls slräf lxtlfkgkds hds nafnhusgaflss kl hd gfvlstgidngþf nafnhusgafl gfvlstgidngþf–. –. (p.54). Lf lstl naftlxta hd pamhdngþf kl lstd gfvlstgidngþf narrlspafkl d hd bdcghgd Pdrlkls Iþclz, qul saf 40 gftlirdftls naf quglfls sl trdmdjþ lstd gfvlstgidngþf.

Klhgcgtdngþf kl hd pamhdngþf Lstd gfvlstgidngþf lstä lfbandkd lfbandkd lf hd klsnrgpn klsnrgpngþf gþf kl has lblntas klh Navgk 47 lf hd lnafacãd kl hd bdcghgd Pdrlkls Iþclz kl hd Nkhd. Nargfd klh Pdrrdh klh ]nta Hd Puftghhd kurdftl lh dôa =0=4.

Cçtakas y [çnfgnds Cçtaka klsnrgptgva 40

 

Ls uf pranlkgcglfta nglftãbgna qul pranlkl lf lsplngbgndr hd pamhdngþf qul sl lvdhúd, amslrvd y klsnrgml klskl hd plrsplntgvd nglftãbgnd, dklcäs sl rlhdngafd hds apgfgafls kl ndkd  plrsafd y hd nafkuntd nafkuntd sgf gfbhu gfbhugr gr samrl çh kl fgfiufd fgfiufd cdflrd.

[çnfgnds l gfstruclftas Lfnulstd Lftrl hds tçnfgnds l gfstruclftas kl rlnahlnngþf kl kdtas d utghgzdrsl kurdftl lstd gfvlstgidngþf sl klstdnd klstdnd hd lfnulstd. lfnulstd. ^liúf (Drgds B. I., =04= ) klbgfl ‘Hd lfnu lfnulstd lstd naca ufd tçnfgnd qul prltlfkl amtlflr gfbarcdngþf qul sucgfgstrd uf irupa a culstrd kl sujltas dnlrnd kl sã cgscas, a lf rlhdngþf naf uf tlcd lf pdrtgnuhdr– (p.94). Hds cgscds qul slräf lhdmardkas naf Icdgh clkgdftl Barcuhdrgas kl Iaaihl.

Lh nulstgafdrga Klftra kl lstd gfvlstgidngþf sl klsdrrahhdrd uf nulstgafdrga kl prliuftds pdrd rlndmdr hd gfbarcdngþf rlqulrgkd. ^liúf (Drgds B. I., =04=) cdfgbglstd qul lh nulstgafdrga. Ls hd cakdhgkdk kl lfnulstd qul sl rldhgzd kl barcd lsnrgtd clkgdftl uf gfstruclfta a barcdta lf pdplh naftlftgva kl ufd slrgl kl prliuftds. ^l hl klfacgfd nulstgafdrga duta dkcgfgstrdka parqul klml slr hhlfdka par lh lfnulstdka, lfnulstdka, sgf gftlrvlfngþf klh lfnulstdk lfnulstdkar ar (p.9;).

Nulstgafdrga kl prliuftds nlrrdkds ^l lstdmhlnlf uf mdfna kl prliuftds nlrrdkds, naca gfkgnd (Drgds B. I., =04=) ^af dqulhhds qul lstdmhlnlf prlvgdclftl hds apngafls kl rlspulstd qul pulkl lhligr lh lfnulstdka.. Çstds sl nhdsgbgndf lf: kgnatþcgnds: nudfka sl abrlnlf sþha kas apngafls kl lfnulstdka rlspulstd? y kl slhlnngþf sgcphl, nudfka sl abrlnlf vdrgds apngafls, plra sl lsnail sþha ufd. (p.9;).

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]lsuhtdkas Amtlfgkas ]lsuhtdkas Lf hd gfvlstgidngþf sl kd nucphgcglfta d ha lxpulsta lf lh cdrna cltakahþigna sl gcphlclftþ ufd lfnulstd kl 5 prliuftds (Rlr Dflxas), d uf tatdh kl 9 plrsafds  plrtlflnglftls d hd bdcghgd Pdrlkls Iþclz klh ]n  plrtlflnglftls ]nta ta Hd Puftghhd klh Nd Ndftþf ftþf Hd [rafndh, naf naf uf rdfia kl lkdk qul asnghd lftrl has 49 y has =2 dôas, kl has nudhls lh 4;,>% saf eacmrls y lh 5/>4=;>/gk.v4=.=0=0.75

Bgiurd F°;

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Bgiurd F°9

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Bgiurd F°5

Bgiurd F°7

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