Efectos de Inserción de Un Medidor

 

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QM@VAW[@NCN MCK@DMCB OCPDW NA [CM OCWKD[ (Qm`vars`ncn nab Yarú, Nakcmc Na Coàr`kc)

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K`uncn Qm`vars`tcr`c, Mdv`aogra 793<

QMO[O Afaktds na `msark`ûm (na kcrlc) na um oan`ndr

Yãl`mc 3

 

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3.

DGJA^@VD[

@MFDWOA YWAV@D

3. 7.

Naf`m`r qquuà aass bc ssaams`g`b`n b`ncn na na uumm vvddbtïoatrd ´S ´Suà uà as bc sa sams ms`g `g`b`b`n `ncn cn am um co copa parï rïoa oatr trd4 d4 ´A ´Ass ss`o `o`b`bcr cr qua qua uumm vdbtïoatrd4 ;. ´A ´Amm qquà uà kd kdms ms`s `sta ta ab ‒a ‒afa fakt ktdd kkcr crlc lc‟‟ nnaa um vd vdbt btïo ïoat atrd rd44 ´Kû ´Kûod od sa av`tcrïc4 >. ´A ´Amm qquà uà kd kdms ms`s `sta ta ab ‒af afak aktd td kc kcrl rlc‟ c‟ na uumm cop copar arïo ïoat atrd rd44 ´´Kû Kûod od sa av`tcrïc4 1. ´K ´Kûo ûodd nnat atar aro` o`mc mcrï rïcc bbcc rras as`s `sta tamk mk`c `c na am amtr trcn cncc amt amtra ra bc bcss pum pumtc tcss na pruagcs na um vdbtïoatrd4 6. @m @mn` n`kkcr pprrak akcu cukk`d `dma mass ppcr crcc ab ab uussd nnaa vvdb dbtï tïo oat atrd rd na kk.c .c .

Ncr kdmkbus`dmas.

QMO[O Afaktds na `msark`ûm (na kcrlc) na um oan`ndr

Yãl`mc 7

 

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7.

@MFDWOA YWAV@D

3) Naf`m`r quà as bc sams sams`g`b`ncn `g`b`ncn nnaa um vdbtïoatrd Am ab kcsd na um vdbtoard, bc sams`g`b`ncn sa axprasc na ckuarnd kdm ab múoard na deo`ds pdr vdbd, as nak`r, bc ras`samk`c nab `msruoamd. Ycrc qua um vdbtoard sac prak`sd, naga docr umc kdrr`ama `ms`lm`fkcma nab k`rku`d y asd sa dgama oan`cma cbc ras`samk`c. Ab múoard na deo`ds pdr vdbd na um vdbtoard sa dgama n`v`n`amnd bc ras`samk`c dcb nab `msruoamd amra ab vdbcja oãx`od qua puana oan`rsa. Ydr ajaopbd, um `msruoamd kdm umc ras`samk`c `marmc na ;99999 deo`ds y umc askcbc pcrc um oãx`od na ;99 vdbds, amnrã umc sams`g`b`ncn na 3999 deo`ds pdr vdbd. Ycrc rcgcjd lamarcb, bds vdbtoards nagam amar kucmnd oamds 3999 deo`ds pdr vdbd. Bc sams`g`b`ncn nab vdbtoard axprasc bc rabck`ûm amra bc ras`samk`c `marmc nab vdbtoard y bc kdrr`ama c dmnd na askcbc (kdrr`ama qua prdnuka bc naax`ûm oãx`oc nab lcbvcmûoard ‒@fa‟), asc rabck`ûm as úm`kc y sa axprasc am [/V, [ ? 3/@fa. Vcbdras tp`kds na [ sdm 79999 [/V, qua supdmam umc ras`samk`c na amrcnc am bc askcbc na 79 V na 79x79999 ? >99 H[. Am ab s`lu`ama ajaopbd pdnaods var ab kãbkubd na bc sams`g`b`ncn na um vdbtoard gcscnd am um lcbvcmûoard kdm umc kdrr`ama c dmnd na askcbc na 3oC.

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kdrr` kdr r`amt amtaa c fd fdmn mnd d na askcb askcbc c  @ fa

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QMO[O Afaktds na `msark`ûm (na kcrlc) na um oan`ndr

Ω V 

Yãl`mc ;

 

ABAK^WD^AKM@C

7) ´Suà as bc sams`g`b`ncn am um copa coparïoatrd4 rïoatrd4 ´As s`o`bcr qua um vdbtïoatrd4  

[AM[@G@B@NCN [AM[@G@B @NCN NA QM COYAW@OA^ COYAW@OA^WD WD. Bc sams`g`b`ncn asã rabck`dmcnc kdm bc oãx`oc kdrr`ama qua puana oan`r am su oamdr askcbc8 ajaopbd: s` bcs askcbcs sdm 9 - 9,1oC8 9 - 39oC8 9 - 31oC, amdmkas su sams`g`b`ncn as na 9,1oC.



Md, md sdm s`o`bcras yc qua bc sams`g`b`ncn nab vdbtoard asã rabck`dmcnc kdm bc ras`samk`c, am kcog`d, ab coparïoard asã rabck`dmcnd kdm kûod sa kdmsruyû ab coparïoard y sus askcbcs

;)´Am quà kdms`sta ab ‒afaktd kcrlc‟ na um vdbtïoatrd4 ´Kûod sa av`tcrïc4

QMO[O Afaktds na `msark`ûm (na kcrlc) na um oan`ndr

Yãl`mc >

 

ABAK^WD^AKM@C

>) ´Am quà kdms`sta ab ‒afaktd na kcrl kcrlc‟ c‟ na um coparïoatrd4 ´Kûod sa av`tcrïc4 Cb kdmakcr um coparïoard, bc ras`samk`c `marmc puasc am sar`a cb abaoamd `mkûlm`c draka um arrdr am bc oan`k`ûm, oan`k`ûm, na cb droc qua qua ab vcbdr oan`nd n`fara nab qua k`rkubc k`rkubc mdrocboama. Asa arrdr sa puana kcb`grcr c pcrr na bd oan`nd, cpb`kcmnd susuk`ûm kdod varaods am ab s`lu`ama ajaopbd. [ac umc ran ckvc y um coparïoard racb pcrc naaro`mcr bc kdrr`ama qua k`rkubc. 

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C? coparïoard racb Wc? Was`samk`c nab coparïoard racb ` ? kdrr`ama racb c oan`r @o ? kdrr`ama oan`nc

Ydr ab adraoc na Mdrdm, kcbkubcods bc ams`ûm qua lamarc ab arrdr am bc oan`k`ûm:

@o + @M  

Wa

Wc

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  [email protected]

QMO[O Afaktds na `msark`ûm (na kcrlc) na um oan`ndr

Yãl`mc 1

 

ABAK^WD^AKM@C

Cpb`kcmnd susuk`ûm kdm bc ams`ûm kdmdk`nc:   @o V 

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Ndmna: @M ? kdrr`ama c kdrd k`rku`d ` ? kdrr`ama racb c oan`r

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Naspajcmnd y drnamcmnd amnraods ab vcbdr racb am umk`ûm nab vcbdr oan`nd:

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Ab vcbdr racb sa cprdx`oc cb oan`nd am kucmd ab coparïoard aml amlc c Wc↗9 y s`aopra sa dgsarvcrc qua bd qua sa o`na am racb`ncn as am racb`ncn oamdr qua bbd d qua k`rkubc.

1) ´Kûod nataro`mcrïc bc ras ras`stamk`c `stamk`c na amtrcnc amtra amtra bc pumtcs na pruagc na um vdbtïoatrd4  Ycrc ab kãbkubd na bc b c ras`samk`c nagaods na amar am kuamc qua kucmnd bc ams`ûm qua ecy am gdrmas nab vdbtoard as `lucb c bc ams`ûm c dmnd na askcbc (ams`ûm oãx`oc qua as kcpcz na oan`r c asc askcbc), bc kdrr`ama qua k`rkubc pdr àb naga na sar `lucb c bc b c sams`g`b`ncn nab lcbvcmûoard (kdrr`ama c dmnd na askcbc nab lcbvcmûoard).

V fa ? @ fa ( W´ + Wsar`a ) QMO[O Afaktds na `msark`ûm (na kcrlc) na um oan`ndr

Yãl`mc 6

 

ABAK^WD^AKM@C

Bc ras`samk`c na amrcnc nab vdbtoard (W`m + Wsar`a) napamna na bc askcbc na oan`nc askdl`nc. Am ab s`lu`ama ajaopbd, pdnaods var kdod kcbkubcods ab vcbdr na bc ras`samk`c.

Ajaopbd ; Kcbkubcr bc ras`samk`c qua sa naga na kdbdkcr am sar`a kdm um lcbvcmûoard na kcrckarïskcs kcrckarïskcs W`m ? 19[ y kdrr`ama c dmnd na askcbc na 3 oC pcrc dgamar um vdbtoard na 39 V c dmnd na askcbc. Ycrc oan`r 39 V bc ras`samk`c dcb nab vdbtoard sarã: V    39  Wtdtcb?  ? ∗ ; ?39 HΩ  @  39  W sar`a? Wtdtcb∗ W´ ?39999 ∗19?0019 Ω

6)@mn`kcr prakcuk`dmas pcrc ab usd na vdbtïoatrd na k.c. OAN@K@ÛM NA VDB^CJA KC CNVAW^AMK@C: W`asld na abakrdkuk`ûm. Bcs pumcs na bcs sdmncs puanam md sar bd sufk`amaoama bcrlcs pcrc eckar kdmckd kdm bcs pcras v`vcs namrd na cblumds kdmckds 7>9 V pcrc abakrdndoàskds nag`nd c qua n`keds kdmckds asãm ouy cnamrd nab amkeua. Kdod rasubcnd, bc bakurc puana `mn`kcr 9 vdbds kucmnd am racb`ncn ab kdmckd s` ama ams`ûm. Var`fqua qua bcs pumcs na bcs sdmncs asãm dkcmnd bds kdmckds oaãb`kds namrd nab kdmckd cmas na csuo`r qua md ecy ams`ûm.

YWAKCQK@ÛM: Md o`nc vdbcjas KC s` cblúm oddr am ab k`rku`d asã amkamn`amnd y cpclcmnd. Yuanam dkurr`r lrcmnas dbacncs na vdbcja qua ncócrïcm cb oan`ndr. 3. F`ja ab ab sabakdr sabakdr na umk`ûm umk`ûm am bc pds`k`ûm pds`k`ûm 699VK 699VKC. C. 7. *@msara *@msara ab ab kdmakd kdmakdrr gcmcmc gcmcmc nab nab kc kcgba gba malrd malrd na pruagc am ab amkeua malcvd ( KDO. *@msara ab kdmakdr gcmcmc nab kcgba rdjd na pruagc am ab amkeua pds`vd ( V. ;. ^dqua ^dqua bc pumc pumc na na bc sdmnc sdmnc malrc malrc na na pruagc pruagc nab nab bcnd malcvd nab k`rku`d. >. ^dqua ^dqua bc pumc pumc na bc sdmnc sdmnc rdjc rdjc na pruagc pruagc nab nab bcnd pds`vd nab k`rku`d. 1. Bac ab vdb vdbcja cja am bc pcm pcmcb cbbc. bc.

QMO[O Afaktds na `msark`ûm (na kcrlc) na um oan`ndr

Yãl`mc <

 

ABAK^WD^AKM@C

 Mdrocs na salur`ncn: 

Ab k`rku`d c oan`r naga ascr amkamn`nd d amarl`zcnd.



[a naga kdmakcr am pcrcbabd8 d sac, n`rakcoama sdgra bds axraods nab aqu`pd abaoamd nab k`rku`d qua sa nasaa oan`r, pard mumkc sdgra um kdmnukdr yc qua sdgra bds b ds kdmnukdras bc kcïnc na vdbcja as ouy paquaóc.



Md as makascr`d kdrcr bc amarlïc pcrc kdmakcrbd, c oamds qua ab aqu`pd c oan`r sac cm kdopb`kcnd qua sa puanc eckar um kdrdk`rku`d kdm bcs pumcs nab vdbtoard d qua pdmlc am pab`lrd bc v`nc na bc parsdmc qua racb`zc bc oan`k`ûm.



 Mumkc sa naga `mamcr oan`r cbc ams`ûm kdm um vdbtoard kdoúm pdrqua sa kdrra ab r`asld na rak`g`r umc naskcrlc abàkr`kc.



 Md sa naga kdmakcr am sar`a yc qua bc oan`k`ûm dgam`nc md as bc kdrrakc.



Yrav`coama c bc kdmax`ûm na um vdbtoard sa naga kdmdkar cprdx`ocncoama ab vcbdr na bc ams`ûm yc qua asds cpcrcds asãm n`saócnds pcrc n`aramas rcmlds na vdbcja (pdr ajaopbd: ecsc ;99 vdbds, 399 vdbds, 3199 vdbds d 3,1 HV., ;99 vdbds d ; HV., ak…). Wcnc (7990).

.V

^cgbc 3 Vcbdr oan`nd (vdbt`ds) V >.03V

Cbkcmka d rcmld

Arrdr ast`ocnd

9.1 >.5

9.9>1 9.996

1.- Kcog`cr bds vcbdras na bcs ras`stamk`cs na 6.5h Ω y >.V

^cgbc 7 Vcbdr oan`nd (vdbt`ds) 3.335V

3.3

7.557

VW7?799 Ω

5V

39.07V

9.0

7.07

Yumtds na Oan`k`ûm

QMO[O Afaktds na `msark`ûm (na kcrlc) na um oan`ndr

Yãl`mc 39

 

ABAK^WD^AKM@C

Yumtds na Oan`k`ûm V?3V @W3?3H Ω

Vcbdr taûr`kd (oC) 3 oC 3 oC

^cgbc ; Vcbdr oan`nd (oC) 3.91 oC 3.9> oC

Cbkcmka d rcmld

Arrdr ast`ocnd

9.> 9.>

9.91 9.9>

33.- Kcog`cr ab vcbdr nab vdbtcja na bc fuamta c 9.1 vdbt`ds y na bc ras`stamk`c c >69Ω. Wapat`r ab prdkan`o`amtd cmtar`dr y cmdtcr bds rasubtcnds dgtam`nds am bc ^cgbc >

Yumtds na Oan`k`ûm

Vcbdr taûr`kd (oC)

^cgbc > Vcbdr oan`nd (oC)

V?9.1V

3.95< oC

3.31 oC

QMO[O Afaktds na `msark`ûm (na kcrlc) na um oan`ndr

Cbkcmka d rcmld

Arrdr ast`ocnd

9.>

9.96; Yãl`mc 33

 

ABAK^WD^AKM@C

@W3?>69Ω

3.95< oC

3.3> oC

9.>

9.91;

3) Ycrc bds nnds ds kc kcsds sds nnaa bc FF`l.3 `l.3 aaxpb`q xpb`qua ua bc bcss n` n`faram faramk`cs k`cs amtr amtraa vdbtcjas oan`nds y kcbkubcnds Bc n`aramk`c y pdr amna, n`skrapcmk`c, n`skrapcmk`c, amra bds vcbdras aûr`kds y bds vcbdras axpar`oamcbas sa ncm pdr oukeds ckdras. Bds oãs kdoumas sdm:

-

Bc kcb`grck`ûm na bds `msruoamds na oan`k`ûm. Ab cog`ama am ndmna sa ecka bc oan`k`ûm. Ab vcbdr qua ba nc ab edogra c bc oan`k`ûm.

7) ´Am qu quàà ras` ras`stam stamk`cs k`cs eecc s`nd o ocydr cydr aabb afakt afaktdd na kcr kcrlc lc kuc kucmnd mnd sa ec oan`nd ab vdbtcja am bc F`l.34 ´Ydr quà4 Ec s`nd ocydr ab aakd na kcrlc kucmnd sa ec oan`nd ab vdbcja am bc F`l.3 am bc ras`samk`c 6.5HΩ pdrqua cquabbc as ocydr qua bc ras`samk`c `marmc nab vdbtoard. Kcsd kdmrcr`d sa nc kdm bc ras`samk`c >.) Nc Ncrvcbdras r kdm kdmkb kbus us`d `dma mas. s. - Bds cmd aûr`kds kdod axpar`oamcbas vcrïcm pdr n`smds cspakds. Vcrïcm um k`ard -

pdrkamcja, lamarcboama ecsc 39% na arrdr md sdm s`o`bcras yc qua bc sams`g`b`ncn nab vdbtoard asã rabck`dmcnc kdm bc ras`samk`c, am kcog`d, ab coparïoard asã rabck`dmcnd kdm kûod sa kdmsruyû ab coparïoard y sus askcbcs Vdbcja afkcz sa namdo`mc vcbdr afkcz, vcbdr na umc kdrr`ama kdrr`ama r`lurdscoama qua cb k`rkubcr pdr umc naaro`mcnc ras`samk`c ûeo`kc purc prdnuka bds o`sods aakds kcbdrïfkds) qua n`kec kdrr`ama vcr`cgba. Ab aakd na kcrlc, cog`àm kdmdk`nd kdod ralubck`ûm, ama qua var kdm ab arrdr am bc oan`k`ûm na oan`k`ûm  na um naaro`mcnd pcrãoard, kucmnd sa aopbac um naaro`mcnd `msruoamd qua `msruoamd qua odn`fkc ab s`saoc c oan`r. Ajaopbds kbãs`kds sdm bcs `opancmk`cs `marmcs na `marmcs na bds aqu`pds abakrûm`kds, csï kdod umc ras`samk`c am pcrcbabd kucmnd sa o`na kdm um vdbtoard. Qm kcsd QMO[O Afaktds na `msark`ûm (na kcrlc) na um oan`ndr

Yãl`mc 37

 

ABAK^WD^AKM@C pcrkubcr nab aakd na kcrlc as ab cmãb`s`s na bc ralubck`ûm na umc uama. Am asa kcsd ab aakd kd`mk`na kdm bc pàrn`nc na ams`ûm c oan`nc qua n`so`muya bc kcrlc

QMO[O Afaktds na `msark`ûm (na kcrlc) na um oan`ndr

Yãl`mc 3;