Educación Virtual en Pandemia Una Perspectiva Desde La Venezuela Actual

 

mttps6//rdvkstis.kovdstkeihkcoupdgkpj.hcl/kobdx.pmp/dbuhird/irtkhgd/vkdw/9855/985;

ZDXTLDO Dg skeukdotd dosiyc, ds prcbuhtc bdg ioégksks i gi rdigkbib r digkbib dbuhitkvi vdodzcgioi tris pcodrsd do préhtkhi gi dbuhihkøo vkrtuig do dg tkdlpc bd piobdlki. Xd hcoskbdri gi mdrldoëutkhi hclc dgdldotc prklcrbkig piri kotdrprdtir bdsbd gis dxpdrkdohkis prcpkis gc vkvkbc hclc bchdotd bd dsti schkdbib. Dg sureklkdotc bd gi piobdlkiHCQ piobdlkiHCQKB-9; KB-9; igtdrø bréstkhildotd tcbcs ispdhtcs bd gi g i vkbigis mulioi, dspdhkigldotd gi vdodzcgiois dbuhihkøo. I pdsir gcs bd dsti hcotkoedohki, kostktuhkcods dbuhitkvis rdihhkcoirco pcsktkvildotd isdeuriobc isdeuriobc gi hcotkoukbib dshcgir. Xko dljirec, dstd éljktc odhdskti pcgìtkhis pöjgkhis acrtigdhkbis, yi qud dsti piobdlki dxpusc gis erivds hcosdhudohkis bdg bdjkgktilkdotc bd dstd klpcrtiotd sdhtcr. Dsti hrksks sioktirki bdjd klpgkhir uo iuldotc bd gi kovdrskøo dstitig y bdsirrcggir gi rdhcovdrskøo tëhokhi qud tiotc sd odhdskti piri lkoklkzir gi bdskeuigbib tdhocgøekhi y pdrlktkr qud dg prchdsc dbuhitkvc sdi dakhiz. Dg lcldotc vkvkbc ocs pdrlktd rdagdxkcoir scjrd gc hrìtkhc bd gi sktuihkøo y ocs rdhudrbi huéo hruhkig ds gi dbuhihkøo pöjgkhi do gi schkdbib piri guhmir hcotri gis bkadrdohkis y gi hcostruhhkøo bdlchrétkhi bd uo auturc hclöo.

Bdshrkptcrds6   dbuhihkøo vkrtuig> piobdlki> Qdodzudgi

IJXRZIHR Rmd acggcwkoe dssiy ks tmd prcbuht ca tmd ioigysks ca tmd Qdodzudgio dbuhitkcoig rdigkty iatdr vkrtuig dbuhitkco wis put kotc prihtkhd ko tmd tkld ca tmd piobdlkh. Mdrldodutkhs ks hcoskbdrdb i gkvdb prkliry kotdrprdt arcl cod's cwo dxpdrkdohds wmit wis is dgdldot i tdihmdrtcko tmks

 

schkdty. Rmd dldredohd ca tmd HCQKB-9; piobdlkh bristkhiggy igtdrdb igg ispdhts ca mulio gkad, dspdhkiggy dbuhitkco. Bdspktd tmks hcotkoedohy, Qdodzudgio dbuhitkcoig dbuhitkcoig kostktutkcos rdihtdb pcsktkvdgy, dosurkoe shmccg hcotkoukty. Mcwdvdr, tmks irdi oddbs strdoetmdodb pujgkh pcgkhkds, skohd tmks piobdlkh dxpcsdb tmd sdrkcus hcosdqudohds ca tmd wdindokoe ca tmks klpcrtiot sdhtcr. Rmks mdigtm hrksks lust kovcgvd io kohrdisd k ohrdisd ko stitd kovdstldot iob bdvdgcp tmd tdhmokhig rdhcovdrskco tmit ks sc jibgy oddbdb tc lkoklkzd tdhmocgcekhig kodquigkty iob iggcw tmd dbuhitkcoig prchdss tc jd daadhtkvd. Rmd gkvdb lcldot iggcws us tc rdagdht co tmd hrktkhigkty ca tmd sktuitkco iob rdlkobs us mcw hruhkig pujgkh dbuhitkco ks ko schkdty tc akemt ieikost bkaadrdohds iob tmd bdlchritkh hcostruhtkco ca i hcllco auturd.

Ndywcrbs6   vkrtuig dbuhitkco> piobdlkh> Qdodzudgi

KORZCBTHHKØO Gi Creiokzihkøo Luobkig bd gi Xigub (CLX) bdhgirø ig HCQKB-9; hclc uoi dldredohki bd sigub pöjgkhi egcjig bd prdchupihkøo kotdroihkcoig dg 80 bd dodrc bd :0:0, isì hclc uoi piobdlki dg 99 bd lirzc bd :0:0 (CLX, :0:0). Hkdrtildotd, hclc luhmcs ctrcs ispdhtcs bd gi vkbi hctkbkioi dgHCQKB-9; mi tdokbc uo erio klpihtc do gcs dstubkiotds, bchdotds y creiokzihkcods dbuhitkvis bd tcbc dg luobc, prcvchø qud dshudgis, hcgdekcs y uokvdrskbibds bd tcbc dg luobc hdrririo sus hilpus piri qud gcs dstubkiotds pubkdrio sdeukr gis ldbkbis bd bkstiohkilkdotc schkig piri prdsdrvir gi sigub. Do okoeöo ctrc lcldotc bd gi mkstcrki sd mijìio vkstc suspdobkbis gis ihtkvkbibds bd tcbcs gcs okvdgds dbuhitkvcs, do dg pgiodti dotdrc (Huhkoctti y Qiodggk, :0:0> Niur, :0:0> Rcqudrc, :0:0). Bkhmc dstc, pisir sko prcjgdlis bd uo dotcroc bd dbuhihkøo hcovdohkcoig i uo iprdobkzifd vkrtuig y i bkstiohki oc pcbrìi suhdbdr bd gi ochmd i gi liùioi, yi qud dsti répkbi triosacrlihkøo dsté vkohugibi i virkcs cjstéhugcs y bdsiaìcs do dstd puotc. Pdrc hclc oibkd sijd huéobc bdsipirdhdré pcr hclpgdtc dsti piobdlki, gis kostktuhkcods dbuhitkvis i okvdg luobkig bdhkbkdrco utkgkzir gcs rdhurscs tëhokhcs yi bkspcokjgds piri hrdir litdrkig bd iprdobkzifd do gìodi piri dstubkiotds

 

bd tcbcs gcs hilpcs ihibëlkhcs (Iboio y Iowir, :0:0> Hriwacrb, Jutgdr, Zubcgpm y Egcwitz, :0:0). [ ds qud gi ihtuig piobdlki mi igtdribc gi vkbi bd gcs dstubkiotds bd bkadrdotds liodris, bdpdobkdobc bdpdobkdobc oc scgc bd su okvdg y hursc bd dstubkc, skoc tiljkëo bd gcs hcochklkdotcs, mijkgkbibds, mijkgkbibds, bdstrdzis y ihtktubds qud mio gceribc ighiozir ldbkiotd gcs hcotdokbcs bkbéhtkhcs, gcs huigds, ibdlés, bdjdo ibqukrkr buriotd dg prchdsc bd dosdùiozi iprdobkzifd. iprdobkzifd. Do tig sdotkbc, gcs qud ggdeio ig akoig bd uoi aisd bd su dbuhihkøo y pisio i ctri, doardotio bdsiaìcs pirtkhugirds> ds bdhkr, oc pcbréo hclpgdtir su pgio bd dstubkcs y dviguihkøo dshcgir bd gi liodri ocrlig y, do luhmcs hiscs mio skbc sdpiribcs bd su erupc schkig hisk bd gi ochmd i gi liùioi. DgHCQKB-9; ds dg liycr bdsiaìc ig qud sd mio doardotibc gcs skstdlis dbuhitkvcs i okvdg luobkig. Luhmcs ecjkdrocs mio crbdoibc i gis kostktuhkcods qud suspdobio gi kostruhhkøo prdsdohkig piri gi liycrìi bd sus dstubkiotds, dxkekëobcgds qud hiljkdo, i gi dosdùiozi do gìodi y gi dbuhihkøo vkrtuig.  Imcri jkdo, do dg hcotdxtc hcotdxtc vdodzcgioc, vdodzcgioc, dg 98 bd lirzc lirzc bd :0:0, :0:0, do Bdhrdtc O° 2.910, sd crbdoi dg Dstibc bd Igirli, i ako bd qud dg Dfdhutkvc Oihkcoig ibcptd gis ldbkbis uredotds, dadhtkvis y odhdsirkis bd prctdhhkøo y prdsdrvihkøo bd gi sigub bd gi pcjgihkøo do ldbkc bd gi piobdlki pcr HCQKB-9; (Zcbrìeudz y Pdgdtdkrc, :0:0). Pcr gc qud, gis iutcrkbibds vdodzcgiois vdodzcgiois hdrrirco gis kostktuhkcod kostktuhkcods s dbuhitkvis do tcbc dg piìs do gi adhmi yi sdùigibi. Bd ihudrbc hco gis ørbdods bibis pcr dg Ecjkdroc Oihkcoig, gi Hclkskøo bd Dbuhihkøo dlktkø bkrdhtkvis i gis kostktuhkcods dbuhitkvis piri hcldozir i prdpirirsd do gcs lcbcs bd iprdobkzifd i bkstiohki, rdprcerilir gcs dxéldods do hursc y iyubir i sus dstubkiotds do gìodi hco rdeugirkbib iotd gi hrksks prdsdotibi prdsdotibi.. Gi dbuhihkøo do gìodi, iuoqud tkdod sus ispdhtcs pcsktkvcs (Xéohmdz y  Igvirdoei, :094), :094), ihtuigldotd ihtuigldotd dsté ggdoi bd cjstéhugcs cjstéhugcs y bdsiaìcs bdsiaìcs do luhmcs piìsds, dspdhkigldotd do Qdodzudgi. I pdsir bd hkdrti agdxkjkgkbib y gi öokhi igtdroitkvi do dstd lcldotc, hcotkouirgi sko dg bdsirrcggc bd gis koaridstruhtu k oaridstruhturis ris bd rdhurscs aìskhcs y muliocs pudbd rdsugtir kodakhiz. Gcs prcjgdlis bd hcodxkøo i gi rdb, gi pcskjkgkbib bd ihhdsc i Kotdrodt y gis aiggis dgëhtrkhis sd mio hcovdrtkbc do gcs prkohkpigds rdtcs. Rcbi dsti prcjgdlétkhi hcoggdvi ig sureklkdotc bd virkis kohøeoktis huyis rdspudstis bdjdo edodrirsd scjrd gi lirhmi6 ³Dstéo gcs bchdotds lctkvibcs y prdpiribcs piri isulkr dstd oudvc rdtc dbuhitkvc3 ³Dxkstdo gcs rdhurscs tëhokhcs y gi kotdohkcoigkbib pcgìtkhi odhdsirkis piri ggdvir i hijc dsti tktéokhi tirdi3 ³Rdobré gi

 

ailkgki dg dotcroc iprcpkibc piri ipcyir gi gijcr dbuhitkvi qud sd dlprdobd3 Puds jkdo, i dstis kotdrrceiotds sd sulio luhmis ctris qud sd dstéo edstiobc buriotd dg trioshursc bd gi piobdlki. Bdsbd dsti pdrspdhtkvi dg prdsdotd dosiyc sd dolirhi bdotrc bdg doacqud mdrldoëutkhc bcobd kotdrvkdod uoi bkigëhtkhi kotdrprdtitkvi utkgkziobc gcs ipcrtds tdørkhcs cjtdokbcs bd gi rdvkskøo bchuldotig, hco dg qud sd prdtdobd ioigkzir gi pudsti do préhtkhi bd gi dbuhihkøo vkrtuig dotkdlpis bd piobdlki, hco ëoaisks do Qdodzudgi. Gi mdrldoëutkhi hclprdoskvi gd pdrlktd ig kovdstkeibcr, sdeöo Zcbrìeudz (:095i, :0:0j), kotdrpdgir gcs tdrrktcrkcs tdlétkhcs bdg hcochklkdotc, gi kliekoihkøo hrdibcri, gi ihtktub triosvkskcoirki, gi krrdvdrdohki ardotd i gc hcochkbc, gcs lcbcs bd kotdrrceir gi rdigkbib, gi hrktkhkbib do dg mdrldoduti y gi gkjdrtib bd pdosilkdotc, dotrd ctris. Do tig sdotkbc, dg iutcr ibqukdrd uoi bdakokhkøo sujfdtkvi, yi qud ds bcgkdotd bd gi prcjgdlétkhi, hcovkvd do gi huirdotdoi schkig klpgiotibi pcr gi piobdlki> isì, sus vkvdohkis dshcgirds, ailkgkirds y do edodrig, hco qukdo kotdrrdgihkcoi do gi schkdbib, kotdrvkdodo bd gi bkigëhtkhi kotdrprdtitkvi bd gis audotds, i ako bd hulpgkr hco dg prcpøsktc auobildotigg bdg lkslc, bksdrtir gis hcobkhkcods qud gklktio gi ipgkhihkøo auobildoti bd dsti dstritdeki pdbieøekhi do gis ihtuigds hcobkhkcods bdg dshdoirkc vdodzcgioc.

BDXIZZCGGC Gi dbuhihkøo6 uo sdhtcr hcobkhkcoibc pcr gi piobdlki Gi dbuhihkøo, do su sdotkbc edodrig, ds uoi acrli bd iprdobkzifd do gi qud dg hcochklkdotc, gis mijkgkbibds y gcs méjktcs bd uo erupc bd pdrscois sd triosakdrdo bd uoi edodrihkøo i gi skeukdotd i trivës bd gi dosdùiozi, gi acrlihkøo c gi kovdstkeihkøo. Dg prchdsc dbuhitkvc hco ardhudohki sd ggdvi i hijc jifc gi euìi bd ctrcs, pdrc tiljkëo pudbd sdr iutcbkbihti.. Huigqukdr dxpdrkdohki qud tdoei uo dadhtc pdbieøekhc do dg iutcbkbihti lcbc bd pdosir, sdotkr c ihtuir pudbd hcoskbdrirsd dbuhitkvi (Ligmctri y Nulir, :098). Ligmctri y Nulir (:098) bdakodo dg iprdobkzifd hclc "uo hiljkc do dg hclpcrtilkdotc,, qud sd bdludstri huiobc gis pdrscois klpgdldotio hclpcrtilkdotc

 

hcochklkdotcs, mijkgkbibds mijkgkbibds c préhtkhis bdrkvibis bd gi dbuhihkøo" (p. 5), ibdlés ldohkcoio qud, "Gi dbuhihkøo sd pudbd triosacrlir kohcrpcriobc gi tdhocgceìi do gis iugis, y usirgi do tcbc su pctdohkig, hco gi iyubi bd bkvdrsis mdrrilkdotis hclc pkzirris bkektigds, BQB, prcydhtcrds GHB, dotrd ctrcs" (p. 5). Xko dljirec, sd pudbdo edodrir luhmcs aihtcrds qud ildoizio dg prchdsc bd dosdùiozi y iprdobkzifd d klpkbdo qud dstd sd hcoscgkbd bd liodri øptkli y dakhiz, hclc pcr dfdlpgc, gi ihtuig piobdlki pcr HCQKB-9;. Do dstd hcotdxtc, gi piobdlki mi tdokbc uo klpihtc skeokakhitkvc do dg sdhtcr dbuhitkvc. Xdeöo dg koacrld bd gi TODXHC (:0:0), gi lksli mi iadhtibc i hisk dg 1=% bd gi pcjgihkøo dstubkiotkg dstubkiotkg tctig bdg luobc, sdeöo bitcs tclibcs buriotd gi prkldri sdlioi bd fuokc bd :0:0. Dg jrctd pcr dg oudvc hcrcoivkrus mi iadhtibc i iprcxklibildotd 9.:00 lkggcods bd dstubkiotds dstubkiotd s y føvdods bd tcbc dg luobc, yi qud hisk gi tctigkbib bd gis kostktuhkcods dbuhitkvis bd tcbcs gcs okvdgds bdjkdrco hiohdgir sus s us ihtkvkbibds prdsdohkigds prdsdohkigds ig klpgdldotir dg hkdrrd tdlpcrig bd gis lkslis (Nulir, Do dstd sdotkbc, dshudgis, hcgdekcs :0:0). y uokvdrskbibds cptircogis pcriblkokstrihkcods hcoadrdohkis y/cbd hgisds do gìodi hclc uoi acrli igtdroitkvi bd rdioubir gi dbuhihkøo. Iuoqud dg iprdobkzifd do gìodi dsté rdsugtiobc ötkg piri sigvieuirbir gi sigub bd gcs dstubkiotds dstubkiotd s y prcadscrds do ldbkc bd gi piobdlki, oc ds tio dakhiz hclc dg iprdobkzifd hcovdohkcoig (Jiskgiki y Nvivibzd, :0:0). Dstubkcs rdhkdotds mio kovdstkeibc gcs bdsiaìcs y cpcrtuokbibds ischkibcs hco dg iprdobkzifd dgdhtrøokhc buriotd gis piobdlkis (Likgkzir dt ig ., ., :0:0> Lurpmy, :0:0). Gcs hkdotìakhcs dstéo tritiobc bd dxpgcrir gis vdotifis y rdtcs bd gis rdhkdotds kokhkitkvis bd iprdobkzifd do gìodi bdsbd gi pdrspdhtkvi bd virkis pirtds kotdrdsibis.  Ig rdspdhtc, Likgkzir Likgkzir dt ig ., ., (:0:0), suekrkø qud gis vchds bd gcs dstubkiotds dstubkiotd s sco klpcrtiotds do dstd tdli, pcr gc qud gis kovdstkeihkco kovdstkeihkcods ds auturis bdjdrìio tclir do hcoskbdrihkøo gis cpkokcods bd gcs lkslcs scjrd dg iprdobkzifd do gìodi y isì dxilkoir gcs rdtcs qud doardotio gcs dstubkiotds. dstubkiotd s. Dstd lkslc iutcr sdùigi qud sd odhdskti lés koacrlihkøo piri dxpgcrir gcs bdsiaìcs bd utkgkzir dg iprdobkzifd dgdhtrøokhc qud klpkbd qud gcs dbuhiobcs gcerdo sus cjfdtkvcs bd iprdobkzifd. Isì lkslc, Jiskgiki y Nvivibzd (:0:0) tiljkëo suekrkdrco qud gi higkbib bdg iprdobkzifd do gìodi bdjdrìi kobieirsd do auturcs dstubkcs, yi qud qudbi hgirc qud dg hdsd tdlpcrig egcjig bd gis ihtkvkbibds prdsdohkigds ds uo erio bksruptcr bd gis bkvdrsis auohkcods dshcgirds.

 

Dbuhihkøo cogkod6 ³Xcguhkøo c prcjgdli3 Gi bdhkskøo bd hdrrir tdlpcrigldotd gis kostktuhkcods dbuhitkvis i okvdg egcjig, aud lctkvibi pcr dg prkohkpkc bd qud eriobds rduokcods bd pdrscois hcostktuydo uo erivd rkdsec piri sigvieuirbir gi sigub pöjgkhi buriotd piobdlki. Dsti ldbkbi hclc yi gc sdùigø ihdrtibildotd gi TODXHC, edodri klpcrtiotds klpgkhihkcods dhcoølkhis y schkigds i girec pgizc (Lurkggc y Buhn, :0:0). Xd bdjd dstir hgirc qud dstcs sco tkdlpcs bd ioskdbib piri dstubkiotds, pibrds y rdprdsdotio rdprdsdotiotds. tds. Gis kohdrtkbuljrds scjrd huéobc gi vkbi vcgvdré i sdr "ocrlig" ierivio gi ioskdbib. Iuo huiobc gis kostktuhkcods mihdo gcs hiljkcs odhdsirkcs piri dosdùir bd bkadrdotds liodris tcbis bdjdo bir gi léxkli prkcrkbib i trioqukgkzir i gcs dstubkiotds y pibrds hco uoi hcluokhihkøo h cluokhihkøo dspdhìakhi. Do dsd sdotkbc, y do dg hcotdxtc bd gcs hkdrrds odhdsirkcs, gi TODXHC sdùigiji hudstkcods tigds hclc6 kotdrruphkøo bdg iprdobkzifd, kosuakhkdotd igkldotihkøo, aigti bd prdpirihkøo bd gcs pibrds piri gi dosdùiozi i bkstiohki c bdsbd gi hisi, ihhdsc bdskeuig i gis pgitiacrlis bd iprdobkzifd bkektig, kosuakhkdohkis do litdrki bd hukbibc bd gcs okùcs, hcstcs dhcoølkhcs dgdvibcs, kohkbdohki ldhéokhi do dg skstdli s kstdli bd sigub, iuldotc bd gi prdskøo piri gcs hdotrcs dshcgirds qud pdrliodhdo ijkdrtcs y tdobdohki ig kohrdldotc bd gis tisis bd ijiobcoc dshcgir. Rcbcs dstcs dgdldotcs y isì gc rdhcochd dsti Creiokzihkøo Luobkig, oc iadhtio pcr keuig i tcbcs gcs okùcs, okùis y ibcgdshdotd ibcgdshdotds, s, do igeuocs dshdoirkcs scgc iadhti i igeuocs y do ctris bd liodri bdskeuig. Pcr ctri pirtd, gi kohurskøo bd gi Dbuhihkøo cogkod cogkod prcbuhtc  prcbuhtc bd gi dldredohki, mi bdfibc bd liokakdstc gi erio jrdhmi bkektig dxkstdotd dotrd gis kostktuhkcods dbuhitkvis (do tcbcs sus okvdgds) y sus bchdotds, ds bdhkr, prcadscrds qud liodfio gi Rdhocgceìi bd Koacrlihkøo y Hcluokhihkøo (RKH) hco sdotkbc pdbieøekhc y qud sijdo hølc pgiokakhirgcs prchdscs bd iprdobkzifd do ldbkcs vkrtuigds, bdsiacrtuoibildotd bdsiacrtuoib ildotd sco gi lkocrìi (Lurkggc y Buhn, :0:0> Uddbdo y Hcrowdgg, :0:0). Bdsbd dsti pdrspdhtkvi, i ldbkbi qud dg iprdobkzifd do gìodi hcotkoöi igtdriobc dg piocrili dbuhitkvc, oudvcs prcjgdlis hcoarcotio i gcs kostruhtcrds y dstubkiotds. Gcs bchdotds tkdobdo i hktir uo iuldotc do gi hirei bd trijifc huiobc klpirtdo uo hursc do gìodi. Bd mdhmc, prdpirirsd piri dosdùir do uo acrlitc do gìodi pcr prkldri vdz

 

edodrigldotd rdqukdrd ig ldocs bkdz mcris bd hipihktihkøo audri bd uoi hirei bd dosdùiozi rdeugir. Bdg lkslc lcbc, gcs dstubkio dstubkiotds tds guhmio hco dg docrld okvdg bd iutcoclìi y edstkøo bdg tkdlpc rdqudrkbc piri hclpgdtir uo hursc do gìodi. Gi pdrhdphkøo bd gi prdsdohki d kotdrihhkøo schkig pirdhd sdr uoi prdchupihkøo hclöo tiotc piri prcadscrds hclc piri dstubkiotds. I bkadrdohki bd gi dosdùiozi tribkhkcoig, sd mi cjsdrvibc qud gcs kostruhtcrds riri vdz dotijgio uo bkégcec pdbieøekhc scjrd gi kostruhhkøo do gìodi> ds bdhkr, gcs bchdotds do gìodi tkdobdo i "dosdùir" y "bdsirrcggir" hurscs bd acrli iksgibi, tig hclc gc sdùigi dg Lkokstdrkc bd Dbuhihkøo, Hkdohki y Bdpcrtd (LDX, :0:0) bdg dstibc bd Edcreki do gcs Dstibcs Tokbcs bd Ocrtdilërkhi.  Isì lkslc, gcs kovdstkeibcrds kovdstkeibcrds mio mio bdshujkdrtc qud dg iprdobkzifd iprdobkzifd edodrig edodrig pdrhkjkbc pcr gcs dstubkiotd dstubkiotds s dsté hcrrdgihkcoibc hco dg sdotkbc bd prdsdohki schkig aihkgktibc do dg hursc (Xkotdli, :0:0). Pcr gc tiotc, gcs bkshdotds qud tkdobdo i pdrhkjkr uoi aigti bd kotdrihhkøo schkig c gi prdsdohki bdg kostruhtcr pudbdo dstir lés kohgkoibcs i rdtkrirsd. Ibdlés bdg rdtkrc y dg arihisc, sd mi cjsdrvibc qud gcs dbuhiobcs do gìodi tkdodo uoi tdobdohki i cjtdodr higkakhihkcods rdgitkvildotd jifis do gis tirdis do hclpirihkøo hco gcs qud dstéo do uo iugi tribkhkcoig (Jiskgiki y Nvivibzd, :0:0). Xd mio cardhkbc luhmis rizcods piri dxpgkhir dsti tdobdohki, hclc dovkir gis tirdis tirbd y gddr lig c bdshukbir gis kostruhhkcods. Gi aigti bd kotdrihhkøo ibdhuibi hco gcs kostruhtcrds tiljkëo rdsugti uoi prdchupihkøo klpcrtiotd ischkibi ischkibi hco dg iprdobkzifd do gìodi, pcr gc qud gis koqukdtubds c bubis hco rdspdhtc i huigqukdr hcotdokbc bdg hursc do gìodi edodrigldotd rdqudrìio tkdlpc bd rdspudsti. Gi schkigkzihkøo do dg iugi hcovdohkcoig ds ctri aigti klpcrtiotd do dg iprdobkzifd do gìodi. Gcs dstubkiotds dstubkiotd s scgc sd hcluokhio hco sus hclpiùdrcs bd acrli bkektig y ouohi vdo i sus hclpiùdrcs do pdrscoi, pcr gc qud dg kotdrhiljkc bd kbdis, hcochklkdotcs d koacrlihkøo do tkdlpc rdig aigti pirhkigldotd do dg luobc bdg iprdobkzifd bkektig. Do ako, sd bdjd dstir hcoshkdotd y iquì sd mihd uo ggilibc i gi rdagdxkøo bd qud gi prcpudsti vkrtuig doardoti sdrkis gklktiotds, bkakhugtibds y hcotrcvdrskis ëtkhis, scjrd tcbc do huiotc i gi dqukbib bdg lcbdgc. Bdsbd dsti pdrspdhtkvi, Nmitk y Jmitti (:0:0) y Rcqudrc (:0:0) ldohkcoio qudbd dotrd gcs aihtcrds dstéo hcobkhkcoibcs uoi dbuhihkøo higkbib do gìodiqud sd tkdodo6 gi hgisd schkig,iggiihhdsc rizi, gibd

 

dtoki, gi ujkhihkøo edceréakhi y dg tkpc bd kostktuhkøo dbuhitkvi i gi qud pdrtdodhdo.

Pcjrdzi bkektig do Qdodzudgi  Imcri jkdo, dstd tdli ihtuig ihtuig mi bibc bibc lctkvcs piri edodrir edodrir bkshdroklkdotcs, doirjcgiobc doirjcgiobc pcr supudstc, uo fukhkc klpcrtiotd bd qud dg iprdobkzifd do gìodi oc pudbd prcbuhkr gcs rdsugtibcs bdsdibcs bdsdibcs do piìsds sujbdsirrcggibcs sujbdsirrcggibcs hclc pcr dfdlpgc Qdodzudgi, bcobd uoi erio liycrìi bd sus dstubkiotds oc pudbdo ihhdbdr i Kotdrodt bdjkbc i prcjgdlis tëhokhcs y lcodtirkcs. Iotd gi dldredohki sioktirki pcr dg HCQKB-9; sd mi pudstc bd liokakdstc gis hirdohkis y bdskeuigbib bdskeuigbibds ds tiotc do gi bkspcokjkgkbib bd bkhmcs rdhurscs hclc do gi prdpirihkøo bd prcadscrds y igulocs piri triosktir mihki gis lcbigkbibds bd gi dbuhihkøo i bkstiohki. Gi rdigkbib bd gis kostktuhkcods dbuhitkvis do Qdodzudgi ds qud do su erio liycrìi oc hudotio hco gis hclpdtdohkis odhdsirkis piri isulkr dstd erio rdtc, pcr gc qud dg skstdli dbuhitkvc bd dstd piìs sd mi vkstc doardotibc i gi hrubi rdigkbib bd tdodr qud hcovdrtkrsd bd gi ochmd i gi liùioi, do hdotrcs dshcgirds bd ‗dbuhihkøo i bkstiohki", igec klpdosibc iotds bd gi ggdeibi bd gi piobdlki. Ihtuigldotd, Ihtuigldotd, luhmcs bd dstcs dstubkiotds dstubkiotds tkdodo ihhdsc gklktibc c ougc i kotdrodt y jifi hipihkbib bd jiobi iohmi, pcr gc qud ds luy prcjijgd qud sus cpcrtuokbibds cpcrtuokbib ds bd iprdobkzifd do gìodi sd vdio bréstkhildotd gklktibis, dspdhkigldotd do gis érdis rurigds. Oc søgc uo oöldrc klpcrtiotd bd dstubkiotds dstubkiotd s bd jifcs koerdscs skoc kohgusc misti igeuocs prcadscrds, hirdhdo bd hclputibcris c tijgdtis. Do uoi sktuihkøo do gi qud gcs g cs dstubkiotds oc pudbdo kr i gi dshudgi gi igtdroitkvi ds pisir bd gi dbuhihkøo tribkhkcoig i gi dbuhihkøo do gìodi. Do dstd hisc, gc auobildotig sdrìi acrtigdhdr gi hcjdrturi bd kotdrodt, gi bkspcokjkgkbib bd hclputibcris c tdgëacocs kotdgkedotds do gi pcjgihkøo dstubkiotkg hclc gcs bchdotds. Do dstd sdotkbc, Jiskgiki y Nvivibzd (:0:0, p. 2) sdùigio qud dg iprdobkzifd do gìodi pudbd sdr dakhiz do piìsds bkektigldotd iviozibcs. Do tig sdotkbc, Pdtdrs dt ig. (:0:0) ldohkcoio qud Hmkoi, i pdsir qud aud ecgpdibi prkldrc pcr dg oudvc hcrcoivkrus, yi dsté luy iviozibi do prcpcrhkcoirgd i uoi erio pirtd bd sus dstubkiotds ihhdsc i cpcrtuokbibds cpcrtuokbib ds bd iprdobkzifd do gìodi, hipihktihkøo piri lidstrcs y

 

bkrdhtcrds bd dshudgis piri trijifir bd acrli rdlcti, bdspgkdeud bd hgisds do gìodi i erio dshigi, dstijgdhklkdotc y hipihktihkøo bd erupcs bd trijifc bd hcosdfdrcs y lidstrcs piri ipcyir i pibrds y dstubkiotds, dotrd ctrcs. Xko dljirec, do Qdodzudgi dstd prchdsc mi rdsugtibc rdgitkvildotd kodakhiz.  Iotd gi aigti bd ihhdsc i hcodxkcods i Kotdrodt répkbis, répkbis, isdqukjgds isdqukjgds y akijgds bkakhugti dg prchdsc bd iprdobkzifd do gìodi, dspdhkigldotd piri qukdods vkvdo do hcluokbibds rurigds y lirekoibis bd Qdodzudgi. [ lés iöo, gcs dstubkiotds qud ihhdbdo i Kotdrodt i trivës bd tdgëacocs kotdgkedotds oc pudbdo iprcvdhmir dg iprdobkzifd do gìodi pcrqud uoi hiotkbib skeokakhitkvi bd hcotdokbc do gìodi oc ds ihhdskjgd i trivës bd dstcs dqukpcs. Do tkdlpcs ocrligds, dstis bkadrdohkis sco uoi pkdzi lés bdg lcsikhc bd gis bdskeuigbibds do Qdodzudgi, pdrc do tkdlpcs bd HCQKB-9; gi jrdhmi bkektig tkdod hcosdhudohkis dspdhkigldotd ochkvis y bd girec pgizc, scjrd tcbc pcr su klpihtc do dg skstdli dbuhitkvc. Pcr dggc, dg ihhdsc i gis RKH iadhti i dstubkiotd dstubkiotds s bdsbd dg okvdg prddshcgir misti dg uokvdrsktirkc bdtdrlkoiobc qukëods pudbdo pudbdo ihhdbdr y iprdobdr bd gi dbuhihkøo do gìodi. Pcr ctrc gibc, gis kostktuhkcods ihibëlkhis dstijio doachibis prkohkpigldotd do gi triosadrdohki bd hcotdokbc dbuhitkvc ig luobc bkektig y oc dspdhìakhild dspdhìakhildotd otd do lëtcbcs bd dosdùiozi y dotrdei do gìodi. Oc cjstiotd, dstc aud uo rdhcrbitcrkc iotd gi aigti bd rdhurscs do gis kostktuhkcods dbuhitkvis y gi lirekoihkøo schkig bd gcs dstubkiotds, bcobd dg ihhdsc y gi bkspcokjkgkbib kosuakhkdotds kosuakhkdotds bd Kotdrodt y gi aigti bd tdhocgceìi bd puoti iadhtirco gi hipihkbib bd rdspudsti creiokzihkcoig y gi hipihkbib bd gcs dstubkiotds piri pirtkhkpir do dg iprdobkzifd bkektig. Piri gcs bchdotds yi dxpdrkldotibcs do dg tdli bd hgisds vkrtuigds aud sdohkggc hcotkouir ëstis, pdrc oc tcbc ds tio aéhkg, piri pcbdr klpirtkr hgisds vkrtuigds ds odhdsirkc bclkoir uoi sdrkd bd mdrrilkdotis (iugis vkrtuigds, vkbdc hcoadrdohkis, tutcrkigds, dotrd ctrcs), gis huigds bdjdo liodfir gcs igulocs, d klpgkhio dstir hcodhtibc i gi kotdrodt gc huig pdrlktd qud dg bchdotd y dg iguloc kotdrihtödo d kotdrhiljkdo hcochklkdotcs piri ijirhir gcs hcotdokbcs ihibëlkhcs. Piri oibkd ds uo sdhrdtc qud, do Qdodzudgi, gcs prcjgdlis do dg sdhtcr dbuhitkvc gis hgisds vkrtuigds i ieubkzirsd hco gis aiggis bd dodreìiydgëhtrkhi y dg ihhdschcldozirco i Kotdrodt. Do dg pcrtig Xpddbtdst Egcjig

 

Kobdx (:0:0) sd pcskhkcoi i Qdodzudgi hclc dg piìs oöldrc 958 sdeöo gi vdgchkbib bd ihhdsc ig Kotdrodt, biobc uo prcldbkc bd jiobi iohmi bd 8,2= ldei jkts pcr sdeuobc, uoi bkadrdohki bd lés bd :00 Ljps hco rdspdhtc ig prkldr gueir, gc qud qukdrd qud dg prcldbkc bd gi vdgchkbib bd kotdrodt do Qdodzudgi ds dg lés jifc bd Xubilërkhi. Isì lkslc, gcs hcrtds c rihkcoilkdotcs bd dodreìi dgëhtrkhi mio edodribc prcjgdlis do tcbcs gcs éljktcs y do dg dbuhitkvc oc ds uoi dxhdphkøo. Dstc mi chiskcoibc qud dg ihhdsc i gi rdb vkrtuig y i gi koacrlihkøo sd miei i bdstkdlpc pcr gc qud gis rduokcods vkrtuigds oc skdlprd sd pudbdo rdigkzir y gis dotrdeis bd iskeoihkcods tdoeio qud sdr pcstdreibis> sko cjvkir qud dsti bkakhugtib gklkti dg ihhdsc i gcs dqukpcs qud pudbdo sdr utkgkzibcs pcr gcs dstubkiotds piri rdhkjkr gi dbuhihkøo vìi vkrtuig. Pcr ctrc gibc, gcs bchdotds qud tkdodo pchc c ougc hcochklkdotc do dg usc bd mdrrilkdotis qud pdrlktio hcluokhirsd bd liodri vkrtuig hco sus dstubkiotds cptio pcr dg usc bd gis rdbds schkigds qud dstéo i su ighiohd, dstc piri mihdr gc ldfcr pcskjgd y sdeukr dbuhiobc i sus igulocs> dstcs hiscs lés usibis dstcs bchdotds sco dg hcrrdc y dgdo UmitsIpp. Xkogis dljirec, oc dspcr sdohkggc, puds oc ds scgc dovkir ldosifds bd tdxtcs, ds pgiokakhir uoi hgisd bd liodri tig qud hujri gi liycr pirtd bd gcs ispdhtcs odhdsirkcs qud dg dstubkiotd viyi i odhdsktir y isì tdoei gi suakhkdotd koacrlihkøo hclc piri lkoklkzir gis pcskjgds bubis qud sd viyio edodriobc. Ds klpcrtiotd rdktdrir qud gi dbuhihkøo vkrtuig do Qdodzudgi oc ds ok mi skbc tirdi aéhkg, y ldocs do ëpchi bd piobdlki. Oc cjstiotd, luhmcs bchdotds mio bdlcstribc do dstcs ldsds qud dstéo iggì biobc gc ldfcr bd sì hco gis mdrrilkdotis qud tkdodo i lioc y isì tritir bd hujrkr tcbcs gcs gkodilkdotcs y ispdhtcs jéskhcs piri acrlir judocs hkubibiocs y dxhdgdotds prcadskcoigds prcadskcoigds qud iyubdo i sigkr ibdgiotd i su piìs, ctrcs pcr dg hcotrirkc dstéo i gi dspdri bd rderdsir i gis iugis, piri hcotkouir su rutkoi, gi huig, sko gueir i bubis, yi hiljkø.  Imcri jkdo, iotd dsti sktuihkøo sktuihkøo bd dldredohki dldredohki sioktirki, sioktirki, ured miggir miggir scguhkcods hrditkvis d koocvibcris qud pdrlktio hdrrir gis yi dxkstdotds jrdhmis tdhocgøekhis do dg piìs, jrdhmis qud dstéo do pgdoc irbcr iotd uoi hrksks piobëlkhi. Do dstd sdotkbc, Zcbrìeudz y Pigdtdkrc (:0:0) ldohkcoio gc skeukdotd6 Bd gi liodri hclc sd isuld gi dbuhihkøo bdg piìs hco prcydhtcs arihisibcs, hclputibcris dotrdeibisdoi litdrkis okùcs, dobd dg tdhocgceìis Prcydhtc Hioikli do Qdodzudgi qud

 

oc sd gd mkzc dg bdjkbc sdeuklkdotc, imcri do piobdlki mujkdsd tdokbc lés qud ouohi sdotkbc dg prcerili bd hclputibcri hclputibcris s do hisi, uokbis i uoi rdb tdhocgceìi. Lidstrcs kobdadoscs sd ludstrio sko pcbdr hcluokhirsd ok dbuhir. Rcbc dggc bdjd sdr rdvksibc, rdhtkakhibc, ³dg sdr hclc mulioc iotd gi hcluokbib bcobd qudbi su acrlihkøo dbuhitkvi3 Dg prclcvdr bd eribcs do gis dshudgis sko gi bdjkbi dviguihkøo bd gcs hcotdokbcs. (p. 982) Rcbc gc qud sd mi bdshrktc iotdrkcrldotd, misti dstd puotc puotc cjgkei i gcs ihtcrds dbuhitkvcs i rdagdxkcoir scjrd dg klpihtc qud mio tdokbc gis hgisds oc prdsdohkigds bd gi ihtkvkbib dbuhitkvi, tiotc do dshudgis hclc do uokvdrskbibds vdodzcgiois. Mijrìi dotcohds qud ioigkzir bd liodri skstdlétkhi dg lcbc do qud sd mi prihtkhibc gi dbuhihkøo cogkod, pcr dg mdhmc bd qud dsti bdsbkjufi uo hcohdptc auobildotig bd gis bdlchrihkis gkjdrigds bdg luobc6 dg bd gi keuigbib bd cpcrtuokbib cpcrtuokbibds. ds.

Zdtcs y bdsiaìcs do piobdlki piri gi hcotkoukbib dbuhitkvi do Qdodzudgi Ardotd i gcs bdsiaìcs bdshrktcs iotdrkcrldotd iotdrkcrldotd isdeurir dg prchdsc bd dosdùiozi y iprdobkzifd y gi hcotkoukbib dbuhitkvi ds mcy uoi prkcrkbib léxkli piri dg skstdli dbuhitkvc do Qdodzudgi. Ds pcr dggc qud su dadhtkvkbib bdpdobdré bdpdobdré bd gi rdspudsti y hclprclksc bd gis iutcrkbibds bd klpugsir y dfdhutir pcgìtkhis dbuhitkvis qud acrtigdzhio dg dg bdrdhmc i gi dbuhihkøo vkrtuig.  Imcri jkdo, ³quë ds gc qud qud bdjd hcotkouir3 hcotkouir3 Bdsbd gudec, huiobc huiobc sd dsté do uo hcotdxtc bd dldredohki sioktirki gi hcotkoukbib dbuhitkvi bdjd sdr  vksti uo doacqud bd sdrvkhkc bdrdhmcs. bdhkr, gi hcotkoukbib dshcgir y bdjd bdsbd dotdobdrsd hclc uo bd Ds prctdhhkøo, jkdodstir, dbuhihkøo jkdodstir, iprdobkzifd acrlig, qud tkdobd i prclcvdr, acrtigdhdr y aihkgktir dg skstdli dbuhitkvc, dstc hco dg ako bd isdeurir cpcrtuokbibds piri uo bdsirrcggc kotderig y iprdobkzifd dquktitkvc, kohguskvc y bd higkbib piri tcbcs, do dspihkcs qud sdio sdeurcs y sigubijgds huiobc gis dshudgis y ctris kostktuhkcods bd dbuhihkøo dstëo hdrribis. Rig y hclc gc sdùigø gi TODXHC (:0:0) bdotrc bd gi hcotkoukbib dbuhitkvi hcdxkstdo dstritdekis dstritdekis y rdspudstis dspdhìakhis dspdhìakhis bd gc qud rdigldotd ds gi dbuhihkøo i bkstiohki c rdlcti qud gi cpdritkvkzio. Dstis Dstis pudbdo dotdobdrsd hclc uo hcofuotc bd ldbkbis sdhtcrkigds piri hcotkouir bd liodri rdlcti do dg mceir dg prchdsc bd dosdùiozi y

 

iprdobkzifd y qud dg lkslc dstë crkdotibc pcr dg hurrìhugc cakhkig u ctris ihtkvkbibds schkcdbuhitkvi schkcdbuhitkvis. s. Do dstd lkslc crbdo bd kbdis ³quë pgio bd dstubkcs bdjdrìio usir gcs bchdotds piri dg iprdobkzifd rdlctc buriotd gi hrksks sioktirki pcr HCQKB-9;3 Gi rdspudsti virkiré sdeöo gi furksbkhhkøo. Bdsbd dg Dstibc sd hudoti hco uo pgio bd dstubkc oihkcoig prdshrkptkvc, lkdotris qud i okvdg rdekcoig c gchig sd gds bi i gcs lidstrcs uoi ilpgki bkshrdhkøo piri dgdekr dg hcotdokbc bdg prcerili. Dg hcosdfc edodrig bdsbd gi pdrspdhtkvi bdg iutcr bd dstd dosiyc ds qud, sk jkdo ds klpcrtiotd sdeukr crkdotiobc dg iprdobkzifd bd gcs dstubkiotds mihki dg hurrìhugc bdg iugi y gis dviguihkcods piri gcs qud sd dstéo prdpiriobc, tiljkëo ds vktig liotdodr dg kotdrës bd gcs dstubkiotds do dg iprdobkzifd ig birgds iskeoihkcods virkibis y qud tdoeio hiréhtdr hclpdtdotd, tig vdz, pcr trijifc qud sktöd gi ihtuig hrksks bd HCQKB-9; do uo hcotdxtc egcjig d mkstørkhc lés ilpgkc. Piri tig dorkqudhklkdotc gcs lidstrcs pudbdo iprcvdhmir gi ijuobiohki bd litdrkig bd iprdobkzifd bd igti higkbib imcri bkspcokjgd hclc rdhurscs dbuhitkvcs ijkdrtcs bd gkjrd usc. Dg sktkc wdj bd CpdoGdiro, pcr dfdlpgc, hcotkdod lés bd 9000 hurscs i okvdg dshcgir. [i do pérriacs iotdrkcrds sd mi sdùigibc gi uredotd odhdskbib bd hiljkcs do gis ihhkcods acrlitkvis y dbuhitkvis do tkdlpcs bd hrksks y ds qud do ldbkc bd dsti piobdlki, gi dbuhihkøo vkrtuig c i bkstiohki sured hclc uo itdouiotd qud jushi birgd gi bdjkbi ocrligkbib i gis ihtkvkbibds bkirkis dbuhitkvis. Xko dljirec, piri qud uo piìs hclc Qdodzudgi, hulpgi hco gis hcobkhkcods lìoklis qud eiriotkhdo dg bdrdhmc i gi dbuhihkøo y gi hcotkoukbib dbuhitkvi dbuhitkvi bdjd hcotir hco uo prdsupudstc oihkcoig, rdekcoig y gchig pdrliodotdldotd iskeoibc piri dg scstdoklkdotc bd su skstdli dshcgir. Pdrc, uoi bd gis liycrds dxkedohkis piri eiriotkzir dg bdrdhmc y gi hcotkoukbib i gi dbuhihkøo rdskbd prdhksildotd do eiriotkzir qud gi dbuhihkøo qud sd klpirtd do gis bkstkotis kostktuhkcods dbuhitkvis sd hcrrdspcobi hco dg hcochklkdotc hkdotìakhc y mulioksti bd ihtuigkbib y pudbi dosdùirgc piri gi auturi pudsti do préhtkhi i okvdg schkig. Isì lkslc, gcs sudgbcs y sigirkcs bchdotds bkeocs y fustcs sco uo rdqudrklkdotc odhdsirkc piri acrtigdhdr dg bdsirrcggc prcadskcoig bd gcs lkslcs, hclc eiriotìi bd gi ldfcr dbuhihkøo pcskjgd.

 

Do dstd lkslc crbdo bd kbdis, dg bdrdhmc y gi hcotkoukbib dbuhitkvi bdjdo dstir hcobkhkcoibcs ig dqukpilkdotc ibdhuibc ibdhuibc bd gis kostktuhkcods dbuhitkvis do dg piìs, dspdhkigldotd do koaridstruhtu koaridstruhturi ri tdhocgøekhi, piri iprdobdr i iprdobdr. Bdg lkslc lcbc, kovcguhri uoi bkldoskøo huigktitkvi ischkibi i gi utkgkbib bd gc dbuhitkvc, dstc piri hcostrukr uo pdosilkdotc hrìtkhc qud pdrlkti bdsirrcggir iutcoclìi do gi tcli bd bdhkskcods, dgdldotcs klprdshkobkjgds do gi hcostruhhkøo bdlchrétkhi bdg skegc ]]K. Xcgc hco pdosilkdotc hrìtkhc gc ëtkhc ibqukdrd uoi bkldoskøo hcoshkdotd y sd sdpiri bdg pgioc lcrigksti c ldrildotd kbdcgøekhc. Gi scgkbirkbib, dg hclprclksc schkig y su rdgihkøo hco gcs prcydhtcs pdrscoigds/hcgdhtkvcs pdrscoigds/hcgdhtkvcs hudotio hco gi dshudgi hølc dg gueir prkvkgdekibc piri bdsirrcggirsd i pgdoktub.  Iotd dsti jrdhmi jrdhmi tdhocgøekhi tdhocgøekhi qud dxkstd dxkstd do Qdodzudgi, Qdodzudgi, bdsbd dg Dstibc lkslc i trivës bdg Lkokstdrkc bdg Pcbdr Pcpugir piri gi Dbuhihkøo, bdjd prcpcrhkcoir i gcs bchdotds cpcrtuokbibds bd iprdobkzifd bkektig. Aihkgktir c prdpirir i gcs prcadscrds do rdhurscs bd hipihktihkøo bchdotd do scjrd hølc dosdùir bd vkrtuig c rdlcti,hclpirtkr pdrc tiljkëo hcogìodi pgitiacrlis hcgijcritkvis doliodri gìodi qud gds pdrlktio sus rdhurscs y bir y rdhkjkr r dhkjkr hcldotirkcs bd sus hcgdeis, dlpcbdrir i gcs lidstrcs ds iprcvdhmir ig léxklc gcs iviohds bkektigds. Gcs lidstrcs hco dsti hipihktihkøo hipihktihkøo,, tdobréo gi cpcrtuokbib bd prcjir bkadrdotds scguhkcods bd iprdobkzifd bkektig y hclprdobdr hølc sd pudbd usir gi tdhocgceìi piri acldotir uo iprdobkzifd lés prcauobc do gcs dstubkiotds. dstubkiotd s. Bdjdo sdr igdotibcs i pdosir hrditkvildotd scjrd su pipdg hclc aihkgktibcrds bdg iprdobkzifd bd gcs dstubkiotds y hølc gi tdhocgceìi pudbd iyubirgcs i mihdrgc y hølc pudbdo hcljkoir su dxpdrkdohki hclc prcadskøo. Dg bdsiaìc ihtuig, tiotc do Qdodzudgi hclc do dg rdstc bd gcs piìsds ds lkoklkzir gc lés qud sd pudbi, dg klpihtc odeitkvc qud dsté chiskcoiobc gi piobdlki do dg iprdobkzifd y gi dbuhihkøo, y hco dstc iprcvdhmir tig dxpdrkdohki piri rdtclir uoi ruti ihdgdribi bd ldfcri do gcs iprdobkzifds. I ldbkbi qud gcs skstdlis dbuhitkvcs mihdo ardotd i dsti hrksks tiljkëo bdjdo pgiokakhir hølc rdhupdrirsd, pdrc hco uo rdocvibc sdotkbc bd rdspcosijkgkbib bd tcbcs gcs ihtcrds y hco uoi ldfcr hclprdoskøo y uo sdotkbc bd uredohki bd gi odhdskbib bd isdeurir  qud tcbcs gcs okùcs tdoeio gis lkslis pcskjkgkbibds bd rdhkjkr uoi dbuhihkøo bd higkbib.

 

Hcoskbdrihkcods akoigds6 vkskøo auturksti bd Dbeir Lcrìo Xko gueir i bubis, dg tdli lés eriobd bd dsti hcotkoedohki piobëlkhi aud gi prdpirihkøo bd gcs bchdotds, puds, iuoqud erio pirtd bd dggcs yi hcotijio hco hkdrtis mijkgkbibds do lcbdgcs bd dbuhihkøo i bkstiohki, luhmcs ctrcs oc, y gi trioskhkøo tdoìi qud sdr répkbi piri eiriotkzir gi hcotkoukbib dbuhitkvi do dg piìs. Oc do vioc, Dbeir Lcrìo, qukdo i akoigds bd gcs iùcs ocvdoti pujgkhø su cjri6 ‗Gcs skdtd sijdrds odhdsirkcs piri gi dbuhihkøo bdg auturc“ (Lcrìo, 9;;;), edodrø hco su ihhkøo gktdrirki uoi kotdrdsiotd rdagdxkøo scjrd hølc acrlir, piri dg acrtigdhklkdotc bd uoi dbuhihkøo qud hcotrkjuydri hco dg auturc vkijgd, do dg huig sd prcbufdrio ipcrtds qud bkdrio piuti i gcs hiljkcs bd pdosilkdotcs odhdsirkcs piri prdpirir dg pcrvdokr bd gi dbuhihkøo iotd tioti kohdrtkbuljrd scjrd dg auturc dbuhitkvc qud gds dspdri i gis oudvis edodrihkcods, edodrihkcods, scjrd tcbc do dstcs tkdlpcs tio bkaìhkgds piri uo luobc doadrlc bd HCQKB‘9;. Bdsbd gudec, Lcrìo sko sijdr gc qud suhdbdrìi do dg :0:0, yi ivkstiji tkdlpcs hiøtkhcs do gcs huigds sd tdobrìio bdliobis bd eriobds hiljkcs do dg prchdsc dosdùiozi y iprdobkzifd, pcr gc qud do sus dshrktcs ds aéhkg miggir kotdrdsiotds ldosifds scjrd hølc oudvcs tkdlpcs bdliobirìio i gcs hcotdxtcs dbuhitkvcs bd uoi triosacrlihkøo auobildotig, auobildoti g, y qud dstcs hiljkcs pdrlktkdrio ldfcrir dg sdhtcr dbuhitkvc do uoi schkdbib egcjigkzibi. egcjigkzibi. [ ds qud dg HCQKB-9; bdfø piri dg hilpc dbuhitkvc uoi bdakoktkvi hdrtdzi qud sd odhdsktio hiljkcs klpcrtiotds do gi acrli hølc gcs bchdotds bdjdo scjrdggdvir gcs oudvcs dshdoirkcs qud mio surekbc do hcosdhudohki bkrdhti bd uoi piobdlki qud mi prcvchibc lksdrki y bcgcr. Xkeukdobc hco gcs pdosilkdotcs auturkstis y gktdrirkcs bd Dbeir Lcrìo, dstd sdùigiji qud ardotd i oudvis rdigkbibds schkigds dg ifustir hiljkcs i gi dbuhihkøo iyubirìi i acrtigdhdr dg prchdsc bd dosdùiozi y iprdobkzifd hclc uo rdtc bdsiakiotd qud pdrlktkdri bir hiri i gcs mdhmcs hclpgdfcs qud sd edodrdo do gi schkdbib y qud, pcr supudstc, dstéo ggdocs bd hiljkcs kodspdribcs y bdshcochkbc bdshcochkbcs. s. Dstc skeokakhi qud, do uo hcotdxtc pcstlcbdroksti bdjd mijdr lcbkakhihkcods do gi liodri bd dosdùir y iprcvdhmir gcs rdhurscs koacrlétkhcs piri creiokzir dg hcochklkdotc, pdrc dstis lcbkakhihkcods bdjdo bd gi liochco hcodgrdacrlugihkcods prcerilis litdrkikrdbuhitkvi, ako bd qud sdi dgpcgìtkhis bchdotdyqukdo aihkgktddo uoi

 

lctkvihkøo do dg dstubkiotd piri qud dstd ibqukdri hcobuhtis hcoshkdotds qud prcludvi gi ihhkøo iutchrìtkhi, gi iutclctkvihkøo y gi vcguotib bd scguhkcoir prcjgdlis. Bd tig liodri qud, huiobc sd edodrdo oudvildotd adoøldocs adoøldocs hclc dg HCQKB-9;, gis auturis edodrihkcods edodrihkcod s sdpio qud gis bkshrdpiohkis bd uo hiljkc do tkdlpcs bd hrksks kovcguhrio uoi hcotdxtuigkzihkøo schkig bd gis g is sktuihkcods hrìtkhis piri sihir dg ldfcr prcvdhmc bd dggis. Hclc mdhmc kotdrdsiotd, do dg hcotdxtc schkc-hcluoktirkc, schkc-hcluoktirkc, sd mi dshuhmibc bdhkr qud piri ighiozir dg ëxktc bd gi hcotkoukbib ihibëlkhi gcs aihtcrds lés klpcrtiotds k lpcrtiotds mio skbc gi hcluokbib tdhocgøekhi, hcgijcribcrds, tëhokhcs, isdscrds pdbieøekhcs, pdrc do dspdhìakhc gcs prcadscrds. Gcs prcadskcoigds bd gi bchdohki mio skbc hgivd dsdohkig do dstd prchdsc y do gi mulkgbd cpkokøo bd dstd sdrvkbcr, sco dg dqukvigdotd i gcs bchtcrds do gcs mcspktigds, ds bdhkr, uocs mërcds biobc hgisds y rdscgvkdobc tcbc tkpc bd prcjgdlis, i pdsir bd gi erio hrksks sioktirki, igkldotirki, dhcoølkhi, pcgìtkhi, hkubibioi, hkubibioi, dotrd ctrcs, qud iqudfio i tcbcs gcs vdodzcgiocs vdodzcgiocs.. Luhmcs mio iprdobkbc scjrd gi lirhmi, pdrc gis hgisds y/c ihtkvkbibds ihibëlkhis vkrtuigds mio hcotkouibc pcrqud dggcs sd mio hipihktibc, dsacrzibc y ibiptibc> luhmcs bd gcs bchdotds ouohi mijìio liodfibc gi tdhocgceìi hclc gc mio mdhmc imcri. Gcs prcadscrds ocs mio rdhcrbibc do dstcs lcldotcs qud gi bchdohki ds uoi vchihkøo y qud kobdpdobkdotdldotd kobdpdobkdo tdldotd bd gcs cjstéhugcs y hkrhuostiohkis mio sigkbc ibdgiotd.  Iotd gcs rdtcs rdtcs qud dg sdhtcr sdhtcr dbuhitkvc mi mi tdokbc qud doardotir do dsti piobdlki, mijrìi qud prdeuotirsd dotcohds gc skeukdotd6 ³Gi ihibdlki dsté triosktiobc tdrrktcrkcs bdshcochkbcs3 ³Rcbc dg dsaudrzc dbuhitkvc qud sd dsté rdigkziobc buriotd dsti hcotkoedohki piobëlkhi sd vi i tdrlkoir uoi vdz qud gi sktuihkøo bd dldredohki huglkod3 Hco jisd do dstc, oc sd sijd hølc sdré dg auturc. Xk gi dhcoclìi, gis rdgihkcods, gi dbuhihkøo, c gi vkbi lksli hiljkiréo huiobc tcbc dstc pisd. Pdrc gc qud sì ds hkdrtc ds qud miy qud dlpdzir i vigcrir gc qud bd vdrbib ds klpcrtiotd y hcldozir i hcostrukr y acrtigdhdr uo skstdli dbuhitkvc qud ihijd hco gis bdskeuigbibds y gis kofustkhkis chupéobcsd bd gcs qud lés odhdsktio iotd ctri dvdotuigkbib qud hclprcldti dg dqukgkjrkc bd gi schkdbib, uoi dbuhihkøo qud ‗ocs hukbd“. Akoigldotd, y i lcbc bd hcohguskøo, gi piobdlki bd HCQKB-9; mi pudstc bd liokakdstc gis hirdohkis y odhdskbibd odhdskbibds s bd gis kostktuhkcods

 

dbuhitkvis do Qdodzudgi do litdrki bd koaridstruhturi y bd acrlihkøo bdg pdrscoig ihibëlkhc piri ggdvir i hijc bd liodri sitksaihtcrki gi dbuhihkøo do gìodi. Riljkëo mi dxmkjkbc bd liodri hgiri gis docrlds bdskeuigbibds bdskeuigbib ds qud dxkstdo dotrd gi pcjgihkøo dstubkiotkg, gis huigds mihdo tdldr qud gi erio jrdhmi bkektig bdg iprdobkzifd tdhocgøekhc tdhocgøekhc vkrtuig sd pudbi sdeukr dosiohmiobc. Bibc qud gi dldredohki sioktirki oc mi tdrlkoibc, oc ds tkdlpc tcbivìi bd mihdr uo jigiohd bd gcs biùcs ok bd gis dstritdekis qud sd tdobréo qud bdsirrcggir piri rdhupdrir gc pdrbkbc, prkohkpigldotd do tërlkocs bd gcs iviohds do dg iprdobkzifd bd gcs igulocs. Ds prklcrbkig, prcerdsir do dg bksdùc bd ldbkbis i girec pgizc qud iyubdo i doardotir dg rderdsc i hgisds uoi vdz qud pisd gi dldredohki sioktirki pcr dg HCQKB-9;, do tiotc gcs dadhtcs bd gi dbuhihkøo i bkstiohki sd trisgibiréo i gi dxpdrkdohki dbuhitkvi do gis dshudgis. Bd keuig liodri, miy qud bdspgdeir dstubkcs rdhcpkgiobc koacrlihkøo vigkcsi y dxpdrkdohkis qud ipcrtdo hco bdjkbi ripkbdz i gi edodrihkøo bd pcgìtkhis oihkcoigds dbuhitkvis y ldbkbis bd ipcyc crkdotibis hcotrirrdstir tigds gklktihkcods.

ZDADZDOHKIX  Iboio, L., Nikoit, I. (:0:0). Cogkod gdirokoe gdirokoe ilkb tmd HCQKB-9; piobdlkh6 piobdlkh6 Xtubdots' pdrspdhtkvds. Fcuroig ca Pdbiecekhig Xchkcgcey iob Psyhmcgcey, : (9), (9), 24-49. mttp6//www.b mttp6//www.bck.cre/90.88;0 ck.cre/90.88;0:/FPXP. :/FPXP. %:0:0:0:1980; Jiskgiki, E., Nvivibzd, B. (:0:0). Rriosktkco tc cogkod dbuhitkco ko shmccgs burkoe i XIZX-HcQ-: hcrcoivkrus (Hcvkb-9;) piobdlkh ko Edcreki. Pdbiecekhig Zdsdirhm, 4 (2), (2), 9;. mttps6//bck.cre/90.:;888/pr/5;85 Huhkoctti, B., Qiodggk, L. (:0:0). UMC bdhgirds HCQKB-9; i piobdlkh. Ihti piobdlkh. Ihti JkcLdbkhi6 Itdodk Pirldosks, ;9(9), ;9(9), 945910. mttps6//bck.c mttps6//bck.cre/90.:8540 re/90.:8540/ijl.v;9k9.;8 /ijl.v;9k9.;8;5 ;5 Hriwacrb, F., Jutgdr, N., Zubcgpm, F., Egcwitz, L. (:0:0). HCQKB-9;6 :0 hcuotrkds' mkemdr dbuhitkco kotri-pdrkcb bkektig pdbiecey rdspcosds. r dspcosds. Fcuroig ca

 

 Ippgkdb Rdihmkoe Rdihmkoe iob Gdirokoe, Gdirokoe, 8(9). . mttp6//bx.bck.cre/90.85052/figt.:0:0.8.9.5 Dgihqui E., Xhmiby O. (:0:0). Gi dbuhihkøo iotd dg Hcvkb-9; do Ilërkhi Gitkoi6 Zdtcs y igtdroitkvis bd  pcgìtkhi.mttps6//jgces.kibj.cre/db  pcgìtkhi.mttps6//jgce s.kibj.cre/dbuhihkco/ds/rdtc uhihkco/ds/rdtcsyigtdroitkvisbd syigtdroitkvisbdpcgktkhidb pcgktkhidb uhitkvi/ Niur, E. (:0:0). Bkektig Gkad6 Jcco cr jiod ko tdihmkoe sdhtcr co HCQKB-9;. HGKC io Ioouig Kotdrbkshkpgkoiry Fcuroig ca Mkstcry, 1 (1), (1), 291-2:5. Nmitk, N., Jmitti, N. (:0:0). Hmiggdoeds ca Cogkod Dbuhitkco burkoe HCQKB-9; Piobdlkh ko Odpig. Kotdroitkcoi Kotdroitkcoigg Fcuroig ca Dotrdprdodursmkp iob Dhcoclkh Kssuds, Kssuds, 2(9), 242;. mttp6//fcuro mttp6//fcuroigs.nkoeshcggded igs.nkoeshcggded.dbu.op/kobd .dbu.op/kobdx.pmp/kfddk/irtk x.pmp/kfddk/irtkhgd/bcwogcib/2 hgd/bcwogcib/24/ 4/ 9= Nulir P. (:0:0). Klpiht ca Hcvkb-9; co mkemdr dbuhitkco ko Kobki. Kotdroitkcoig Fcuroig ca Ibviohdb Dbuhitkco iob Zdsdirhm. 4 (8)6 (8)6 55=9. mttps6//csa mttps6//csa.kc/prdprkots/sc .kc/prdprkots/schirxkv/fe=ar/bcw hirxkv/fe=ar/bcwogcib ogcib Likgkzir, I., Liugkoi, I., Jruhd, X. (:0:0). Xdhcobiry shmccg litmdlitkhs tdihmdrs‛ vkdws co d-gdirokoe klpgdldotitkco jirrkdrs burkoe tmd Hcvkb-9; piobdlkh6 Rmd hisd ca Kobcodski. Duriski Fcuroig ca Litmdlitkhs, Xhkdohd iob Rdhmocgcey Dbuhitkco, 91 (5), (5), dl9=10. mttps6//bck.c mttps6//bck.cre/90.:;88 re/90.:;888/dflstd/=:20 8/dflstd/=:20 Ligmctri, X., Nulir, I. (:098). Zcgd ca cogkod dbuhitkco ko lcbdro dbuhitkco systdl.Kotdroitkcoi systdl. Kotdroitkcoigg Fcuroig ca Zdsdirhm ko Lioiedldot & KR. 9(9), 1:0. mttps6//www. mttps6//www.rdsdirhmeitd.o rdsdirhmeitd.odt/pujgkhitkco/ dt/pujgkhitkco/88==:;528 88==:;528SZcgdScaSCo SZcgdScaSCogkod gkod  SDbuhitkcoSkoSLcbdroSD  SDbuhitkcoS koSLcbdroSDbuhitkcoSXystdl buhitkcoSXystdl Lkokstry ca Dbuhitkco, Xhkdohd, Hugturd iob Xpcrt ca Edcreki. (:0:0). Lkokstry ca Dbuhitkco, Xhkdohd, Hugturd iob Xpcrt ca Edcreki tc strdoetmdo bkstiohd gdirokoe ldtmcbs. ldtmcbs. mttps6//www.l mttps6//www.lds.ecv.ed/hcotd ds.ecv.ed/hcotdot.pmp3 ot.pmp3 kb