ECOS ALA KEVIN Corregido
December 14, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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XBM^HY_MAJA QÍOBMOJ AH DYXYD NJOXFQJA BJOMDBJF AH MB@HBMHYËJ OJYYHYJ AH MB@HBMHYËJ HFÍOQYMOJ H MB@HBMHYËJ HFHOQYßBMOJ HFQ-?=:3 SFJBMNMOJOMßB AH SYD]HOQD AH @YJAD
JXQDKJQMUJOMßB JXQDKJQMU JOMßB AH XBJ MB]HOQDYJ AH SFÊ_QMOD KHAMJBQH SFO SJYJ FJ HKSYH_J ADO SFJ_Q MBAX_QYMH_
HOD_ JFJ LH^MB
Drurd, :9 ah eufmd ah 9399
YH_XKHB Hf prdyhotd ‖Jutdkjtmzjomÿb ah ubj mbyhotdrj ah pfêstmod khamjbth SFO pjrj fj hkprhsj Ado Sfjst Mbaustrmhs‛. _h gmzd ubj jutdkjtmzjomÿb ah ubj mbyhotdrj ah pfêstmod, ÿ kêqumbj pdr
kdfah pdr mbyhoomÿb ahimad j quh hb fj jotujfmaja fj hkprhsj Ado Sfjst Mbaustrmhs jõb usj kítdads disdfhtds odb kjqumbjrmj kuy jbtm`uj pjrj fj jotujfmaja hb fj mbyhoomÿb ah pfêstmod, y hb fj kjydrëj ah ojsds sus kêqumbjs tmhbhb ah :3 j 93 júds ah gjihrfds jaqumrmad. Sjrj pdahr gjohr hf amshúd hs bhohsjrmd odbdohr hf nubomdbjkmhbtd ah fj kmskj. _h ahih prdnubamzjr hb fjs ojrjothrëstmojs ah fj kjthrmj prmkj quh vj j shr trjbsndrkjaj. Ah jquë sh pjrth pjrj odbdohr fds joomdbjkmhbtds ah fjs pjrths kÿvmfhs j trjvís ah fds omroumtds gmarêufmods joomdbjads pdr kjbads hfíotrmods.
Odbdomhbad hf nubomdbjkmhbtd ah fj kêqumbj sh hfm`mÿ hf jutÿkjtj jahoujad pjrj hf prdy prdyho hotd td.. Sj Sjrj rj hf hffd fd sh ah ahih ih thb hbhr hr od odbd bdom omkm kmhb hbtd tdss sd sdir irh h su hs hstr truo uotu turj rj,, tmpd tmpdss ah odkubmojomÿb, sdntwjrh utmfmzjad, gjrawjrh ahf khrojad, tmpds ah shbsdrhs, hto.
ËBAMOH @HBHYJF
SDYQJAJ................................................................................................................................M YH_XKHB...............................................................................................................................MM ËBAMOH @HBHYJF................. @HBHYJF............................................ ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................... ...............MMM MMM ËBAMOH AH NM@XYJ_.............................................................................................................^ ËBAMOH AH QJIFJ_...................... QJIFJ_................................................. ...................................................... ...................................................... ................................... ........ ^M OJSMQXFD M MBQYDAXOOMßB........................................... MBQYDAXOOMßB...................................................................... ....................................... ........................ .............. ..: : :.:.
Jbthohahbths............................................ Jbthohahbths................. ....................................................... ....................................................... ...................................... ........... :
:.9.
Sfjbthjkmhbtd ah prdifhkj................................ prdifhkj........................................................... ....................................................... .............................. :
:.?.
Diehtmvds......................................................................... Diehtmvds.............................................. ...................................................... ............................................ .................: : Diehtmvds `hbhrjfhs..................................................................... `hbhrjfhs............................................................................................ ......................... : :.?.:. Diehtmvds hsphoënmods........... hsphoënmods...................................... ...................................................... ..................................................... ..........................: : :.?.:.
:.1.
Eustmnmojomÿb................................................................................................................9
:.8.
Jfojboh................................................. Jfojboh...................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ........................................... ................ 9
:.>.
Dr`jbmzjomÿb ah prdyhotd.................................................................... prdyhotd......................................................................................... ....................... ..9 9
OJSMQXFD MM HKSYH_J ADO SFJ_Q MBAX_QYMH_ _.Y.F....................................................? 9.:.
Mbtrdauoomÿb................................................................................................................?
9.9.
Yhshúj gmstÿrmoj................ gmstÿrmoj........................................... ...................................................... .............................................................. ................................... ?
9.?.
Fdojfmzjomÿb................................................................................................................?
9.1.
Amj`bdstmod.................................................................................................................?
OJSMQXFD MMM AH_OYMSOMßB AH FJ KJZXMBJ MB]HOQDYJ AH SFÊ_QMOD......................1 ?.:.
Mbtrdauoomÿb................................................................................................................1
Kêqumbj ah mbyhoomÿb........................................................... mbyhoomÿb................................................................................................. ...................................... 1 ?.9.:. Xbmaja ah mbyhoomÿb............................................................................................8 ?.9.9. Xbmaja ah odbtrdf................... odbtrdf.............................................. ...................................................... ...................................................8 ........................8
?.9.
OJSMQXFD M^ M^ JXQDKJQMUJOMßB AHF _M_QHKJ A AH H ODBQ ODBQYDF YDF KHA KHAMJBQH MJBQH SFO.......... SFO............7 ..7 1.:.
Mbtrdauoomÿb................................................................................................................7
1.9.
Odbsmahrjomdbhs `hbhrjfhs pjrj hf amshúd ahf smsth smsthkj kj ah odbtrdf.............................. odbtrdf..............................7 7
1.9.:.
Odbsmahrjomdbhs pjrj fj shfhoomÿb ahf pfo...........................................................=
1.9.9. 1.?.
Ojrjothrëstmojs ahf pfo.......................................................................................:9
@rjnmod shouhbomjf ah nubomdbhs (`rjnoht)................................................................. (`rjnoht).................................................................:9 :9
^jrmjifhs quh mbthrvmhbhb hb hf prdohsd...................................................................:? 1.1.:. Qhkphrjturj ahf kdfah..................................................... kdfah................................................................................ ................................. ......:? :? 1.1.9. Qhkphrjturj ah mbyhoomÿb.................................................................................:1 1.1.?. Srhsmÿb mbmomjf d ah ffhbjad................................................................................:1
1.1.
1.1.1. 1.1.8. 1.1.>. 1.1.0. 1.1.7.
Srhsmÿb ah kjbthbmkmhbtd d odkpjotjomÿb (gdfamb` prhssurh)..........................:1 Srhsmÿb pdsthrmdr d ah rhtrdohsd (ijol prhssurh)..............................................:1 Qmhkpd ah mbyhoomÿb mbmomjf................................................................ mbmomjf.............................................................................. ................ ..:1 :1 Qmhkpd ah kjbthbmkmhbtd d odkpjotjomÿb.......................................................:8 Qmhkpd ah hbnrmjkmhbtd.......................................................... hbnrmjkmhbtd................................................................................. ........................... ....:8 :8
Srd`rjkjomÿb ahf pfo........................................................... pfo.............................................................................................. ..................................... ..:8 :8 1.8.:. Joomdbhs quh rhjfmzj hf prd`rjkj ah odbtrdf............................. odbtrdf............................................. ........................ ........:> :> 1.8.9. _dntwjrh ah prd`rjkjomÿb..................... prd`rjkjomÿb................................................ ............................................................:> .................................:> 1.8.?. Hamtdr LDS (Hsquhkj ah odbtjotds).................................................................:7 1.8.1. Hstruoturj ahf prd`rjkj ah odbtrdf................................. odbtrdf............................................................ ................................... ........:= :=
1.8.
OJSMQXFD ^ OD_QD_.................. OD_QD_............................................. ...................................................... ...................................................... .................................. .......99 99 8.:. Mbtrdauoomÿb..............................................................................................................99 Hvjfujomÿb ah odstds ahf prdyhotd................ prdyhotd........................................... ...................................................... ................................. ......99 99 8.9.:. Njotdrhs j hvjfujr.................... hvjfujr............................................... ...................................................... ........................................... ................... ...99 99
8.9.
Ihbhnmomds ahf prdyhotd................ prdyhotd........................................... ...................................................... .................................................. .......................99 99 8.?.:. Ihbhnmomds sdomjfhs................................................. sdomjfhs........................................................................................... ............................................ 99 8.?.9. Ihbhnmomds hodbÿkmods...................................................... hodbÿkmods.................................................................................... ................................ ..99 99
8.?.
OJSMQXFD ^M ODBOFX_MDBH_ ] YHODKHBAJOMDBH_..................................................9? >.:.
Mbtrdauoomÿb..............................................................................................................9?
>.9.
Odbofusmdbhs............................................................................................................9?
>.?.
Yhodkhbajomdbhs....................................................................................................91
YHNHYHBOMJ_ IMIFMD@YÊNMOJ_.............. IMIFMD@YÊNMOJ_......................................... ...................................................... .............................................. ................... 98 JBHWD_………………………………………………………………………………………………9>
ËBAMOH AH NM@XYJ_ Nm` ?.: Kjqumbj mbyhotdrj ah pfêstmod.....................................................................................1 Nm` ?.9 Odkpdbhbths ah ubj kjqumbj mbyho mbyhotdrj tdrj ah pfêstmod............................ pfêstmod........................................ ..................... .........1 1 Nm` ?.? Xbmaja ah mbyhoomÿb...................................................................................................8 odbtrdf............................................... ...................................................... ....................................................... ............................... ...8 8 Nm` ?.1 Xbmaja ah odbtrdf.................... Nm` 1.: _msthkj ah odbtrdf ah fj kjqumbj mbyhotdrj ah pfêstmod.............................................=
Nm` 1.9 Amj`rjkj @rjnoht......................................................................................................:? Nm` 1.? Hbnrmjkmhbtd ah fj pmhzj odb rhfjomÿb jf hsphsdr......................................................:8 Nm` 1.1 Srdohsd ah odbtrdf khamjbth Qmj Sdrtjf....................................................................:0 Nm` 1.8 Srd`rjkjomÿb LDS hb Qmj Sdrtjf ^:9......................................................................:7
ËBAMOH AH QJIFJ_ Qjifj ?. : Qhkphrjturjs ah nubamomÿb pjrj amnhrhbths kjthrmjfhs...........................................> Qjifj ?. 9 Srhsmdbhs ah mbyhoomÿb, sdsthbmkmhbtd y rhtrdohsd................................... rhtrdohsd.................................................0 ..............0 Qjifj 1. : _hfhoomÿb ahf SFO..................................................................................................= Qjifj 1. 9 Hbtrjajs am`mtjfhs pjrj hf SFO.............................................................................:3 Qjifj 1. ? Bukhrd ah hbtrjajs y sjfmajs pjrj hf SFO........................................ SFO...........................................................:: ...................:: Qjifj 1. 1 Sjrêkhtrds ah fds thkpdrmzjadrhs......................................................................:=
: OJSMQXFD M MBQYDAXOOMßB Jbthohahbths
:.:.
Fj prmkhrj kêqumbj mbyhotdrj nuh amshújaj y odbstrumaj hb Hstjads ubmads hb hf júd ah :703. Hb Jfhkjbmj hb hf júd ah :=93 nuh odbstrumaj ubj buhvj kêqumbj ah kdfahd pdr mbyhoomÿb, hf nubomdbjkmhbtd ah hstj kêqumbj hrj khoêbmojkhbth pjrj fj ubmaja ah omhrrj h mbyhoomÿb. Hb :=90 sh odbstruyÿ ubj kêqumbj mbyhotdrj j ijsh ah ub smsthkj bhukêtmod, phrd rêpmajkhbth sh tuvd quh ojkimjr j ub smsthkj odb jftj prhsmÿb. Gdy hb aëj hb fds pjëshs ahsjrrdffjads hxmsthb kêqumbjs mbyhotdrjs jutdkêtmojs fjs kmskjs quh mbyhotjb `rjbahs `rjkjehs ah kjthr kjthrmjf, mjf, hstjs kêqumbjs sdfd bhohsmtjb ahf dphrja dphrjadr dr pjrj prhbahr y jpj`jr d pjrj odbnm`urjr fjs vjrmjifhs quh mbthrvmhbhb j fj mbyhoomÿb. Hxmsthb pfjbtjs mbaust mba ustrmj rmjfhs fhs odb mbs mbstjf tjfjom jomÿb ÿb ah ubj shr shrmh mh ah kêq kêqumb umbjs js trj trjije ijejba jbad d tdt tdtjfk jfkhbt hbth h hb ub omofd omofd jutdkêtmod. Hb fj mbaustrmj idfmvmjbj sh puhah hbodbtrjr ubj `rjb vjrmhaja ah nêirmojs quh prdauohb jrtëoufds ah pfêstmod ahphbamhbad ah fj ahkjbaj ahf khrojad. Fds prdauotds quh kês sh njirmojs njirm ojs sdb, tjsjs, ouimh ouimhrtds, rtds, smffjs, ojbjstjs, khsjs, ojrojsjs pjrj fëbhj ifjboj, rhpuhs rhpuhstds tds pfêstmods ah vhgëoufds, jsë odkd prdauotds pjrj hf êkimtd hstuamjbtmf. :.9.
Sfjbthjkmhbtd ah prdifhkj
_h rhqumhrh ubj kêqumbj odb fj ojpjomaja ah trjijejr pdfmdfhnmbjs odkd pdfmprdpmfhbd SS, pdfmhstmrhbd S_ y pdfmhtmfhbd SH, gjomhbad íbnjsms hb hf tmtmpd pd khamajs y kjthrmjfhs utmfmzjads hb fj njirmojomÿb ah fj ojkmsj y hf tdrbmffd ghfmodmajf, ]j quh smhbad hstds fds odrrhotds ahihrêb `jrjbtmzjr fj ojfmaja y irmbajr fj sh`urmaja. :.?.
Diehtmvds :.?.:.
Diehtmvds `hbhrjfhs
• Jutdkjtmzjr ubj mbyhotdrj ah pfêstmod khamjbth ub SFO :.?.9.
Diehtmvds hsphoënmods
_hfhoomdbjr fds kjthrmjfhs jahoujads y hxmsthbths pjrj fj odbstruoomÿb ahf smsthkj GKM ah fj kêqumbj mbyhotdrj.
Yhjfmzjr hf amj`bÿstmod ah fjs vjrmjifhs j odbtrdfjr hb fj jutdkjtmzjomÿb ah fj kêqumbj mbyhotdrj ah pfêstmod. :
:.1.
Eustmnmojomÿb
Odb Od b fj jutd jutdkj kjtmtmzj zjom omÿb ÿb ah fj kê kêqu qumb mbj j mbyh mbyhot otdr drj j ah pf pfês êstmtmod od Gm Gmarê arêuf ufmo moj, j, ph phrk rkmtmtmr mrê ê hf khedrjkmhbtd ahf prdohsd ah prdauoomÿb ah pmhzjs mbyhotjajs hb pfêstmod quh dptmkmzjrê hf tmhkpd ah trjijed ahf dphrjrmd y ah fj kêqumbj, jprdvhogjbad hnhotmvjkhbth hf rhoursd kjthrmjf y gukjbd quh hxmstj :.8.
Jfojboh Fj jutdkjtmzjomÿb ah fj ubj mbyhotdrj ah pfêstmod thbmhbad jsë ub khedr ihbhnmomd. Sjrj pdahr prdauomr ub shrvmomd hnmomhbth sh ahih oukpfmr odb fjs bdrkjs iêsmojs ah prd`rjkjomÿb. :.>.
Dr`jbmzjomÿb ah prdyhotd
Hf prdyhotd bds gjoh pjrtmomphs ahf amshúd ah fj jutdkjtmzjomÿb ah fj mbyhotdrj ah pfêstmod utmfmzjbad pjrj hffd ub prdohamkmhbtd. Sjrj su khedr odkprhbsmÿb hf prdyhotd sh amvmamÿ pdr ojpëtufds.
Hb hf ojpëtufd M, sh prhshbtjb fds jbthohahbths y hf pfjbthjkmhbtd ahf prdifhkj odkd tjkimíb sh mbamojb hf diehtmvd `hbhrjf y fds diehtmvds hsphoënmods, fj eustmnmojomÿb, hf jfojboh ahf prdyhotd
fj dr`jbmzjomÿb ahf prdyhotd ah `rjad.
Hb hf ojpëtufd MM , sh jbjfmzj fj mbnrjhstruoturj y hqumpjkmhbtd ah fj hkprhsj Ado Sfjst Mbaustrmhs _.Y.F., tjkimíb sh prhshbtj ubj irhvh rhshúj gmstÿrmoj ah fj nêirmoj, su fdojfmzjomÿb y sh rhjfmzj hf amj`bÿstmod ahf kmskd.
Hb hf ojpëtufd MMM, trjtj hsphoënmojk hsphoënmojkhbth hbth ah fj ahsormpom ahsormpomÿb ÿb ah fds hfhkhbtds quh odbn odbndrkjb drkjb ubj kêqumbj ah mbyhoomÿb ah pfêstmod.
Hb hf ojpëtufd M^, sh gjoh ub ahspfmh`uh ah fds pjsds pjrj fj jutdkjtmzjomÿb ahf prdyhotd Hb hf ojpëtufd ^, hf jbêfmsms ah odstds y ihbhnmomds Hb hf ojpëtufd ^M, sh prhshbtj fjs odbofusmdbhs y rhodkhbajomdbhs dithbmajs hb fj nmbjfmzjomÿb ahf prdyhotd.
9
9 OJSMQXFD MM HKSYH_J ADO SFJ_Q MBAX_QYMH_ _.Y.F. 9.:.
Mbtrdauoomÿb
Ado Sfjst Mbaustrmhs _.Y.F. hs ubj hkprhsj ahamojaj j fj njirmojomÿb ah idfsjs ah pfêstmod, vjsds, ijbahejs, vjsds hto. 9.9.
Yhshúj gmstÿrmoj
Ado Sfjst Mbaustrmhs _.Y.F. hs ubj hkprhsj njkmfmjr Drurhúj quh sh ahamoj j fj prdauoomÿb y odkhromjfmzjomÿb ah pfêstmods hb `hbhrjf. Fj hkprhsj bjoh hb hf júd :==:, ijed fj vmsmÿb y amrhoomÿb ahf vmsmdbjrmd Adbjomjbd Odbadrm, odb hf jpdyd ah su shúdrj hspdsj _rj. Hufd`mj Zumsph ah Odbadrm. 9.?.
Fdojfmzjomÿb
Fj hkprhsj Ado Sfjst Mbaustrmhs _.Y.F. sh hbo hbouhbtrj uhbtrj uimojaj hb Drurd, Idfmvmj, Ojrrhthrj j ^mbtd. 9.1.
Amj`bdstmod
Gdy ojsm ?3 júds ahspuís, odb fj 9aj `hbhrjomÿb yj hb fj hkprhsj, Ado Sfjst gj ahkdstrjad shr ubj hkprhsj sÿfmaj y quh jpdrtj ah `rjb kjbhrj jf ahsjrrdffd ah fj rh`mÿb y hf pjës, j fj nhogj, Ado Sfjst tmhbh prhshbo prhshbomj mj hb prêot prêotmojkh mojkhbth bth fds buhvh ahpjrtjk ahpjrtjkhbtds hbtds j bmvhf bjomdbjf.
?
? OJSMQXFD MMM AH_OYMSOMßB AH FJ KJZXMBJ MB]HOQDYJ AH SFÊ_QMOD ?.:.
Mbtrdauoomÿb
Fjs kêqumbjs ah mbyhotdrjs ah pfêstmod (KMS), smrvhb pjrj hf prdohsd ah mbyhoomÿb ah thrkdp thr kdpfês fêstmo tmods, ds, hf kjt kjthrm hrmjf jf quh sh mb` mb`rhs rhsj j hb fj tdf tdfvj vj ahi ahih h shr `rjbuf `rjbufjad jad,, hsth hsth kjt kjthrm hrmjf jf jisdrihb sunmomhbth ojfdr pjrj njomfmtjr su nubamomÿb, fd quh phrkmth mbyhotjr ahbtrd ah fjs ojvmaj ojv majahs ahs ahf kdf kdfah ah odb ubj aht ahthrk hrkmbj mbj prh prhsmÿ smÿb, b, vhf vhfdom domaja aja y thk thkphr phrjtu jturj, rj, fuh`d ah ub ahthrkmbjad tmhkpd hf kjthrmjf sh sdfmamnmoj hb hf kdfah y sh hbnrëj khamjbth ub smsthkj ah hbnrmjkmhbtd, fuh`d sh hxtrjh fj pmhzj ahf kdfah khamjbth hf smsthkj ah hxpufsmÿb quh sh jodpfjad hb fj kjqumbj mbyhotdrj. Fj KMS odbtmhbh fjs sm`umhbths ubmajahs5 fj ubmaja ah mbyhoomÿb, fj ubmaja ah omhrrh, fj ubmaja ah pdthbomj y fj ubmaja ah odbtrdf odkd sh dishrvj hb fj nm`urj ?.:.
Nm`urj ?. :5 Kjqumbj mbyhotdrj ah pfêstmod \:[ ?.9.
Kêqumbj ah mbyhoomÿb
1
pfêstmod tmod \9[ Nm`urj ?.9 Odkpdbhbths ah ubj kjqumbj mbyhotdrj ah pfês ?.9.:.
Xbmaja ah mbyhoomÿb
Xbj Xb j ubma ubmaja ja ah mbyh mbyhoo oomÿ mÿb b hstê hstê odbs odbstmtmtu tuma maj j pd pdrr ub ij ijrr rrmfmf adba adbah h od odbt btmh mhbh bh fj fjss zd zdbj bjss ah ojfhbtjkmh ojfhb tjkmhbtd, btd, ahbtrd ah hffd sh hbouhb hbouhbtrjb trjb fjs bmquh bmquhfmbjs fmbjs y fjs thrkdoupf thrkdoupfjs, js, jsë kmsk kmskd d hb hf mbthrmdr ahf ijrrmf thbhkds ub tdrbmffd smb nmb hf oujf ojr`j hf kjthrmjf h mbyhotj tjkimíb tmhbh jodpfjad ub kdtdr gmarêufmod y pdr õftmkd hb fj pubtj ahf ojúÿb odbtmhbh ubj idqumffj. Aurjbt Aur jbth h hf prd prdohs ohsd d ah nub nubamo amomÿb mÿb hf tdr tdrbmf bmffd fd `mrj `mrj odb odbstj stjbth bthkhb khbth, th, ouj oujbad bad sh rhj rhjfmz fmzj j fj mbyhoomÿb gjomj hf kdfah, hf tdrbmffd ahej ah `mrjr y jotõj j kjbhrj ah pmstÿb, gjomhbad nfumr hf kjthrmjf gjomj hf kdfah y ffhbjbad fjs ojvmajahs.
Nm`urj ?.?5 Xbmaja ah mbyhoomÿb \?[ ?.9.9.
Xbmaja ah odbtrdf
Hs fj ubmaja khaufjr ah fj kêqumbj yj quh pdr khamd ah hffj rhjfmzj hf trjijed ah mbyhoomÿb. Hsth smsthkj odbtmhbh ub SFO hf kmskd quh sh hbouhbtrj odbhotjad j ubj pjbtjffj GKM. Hf smsthkj ah odbtrdf hbvëj fjs shújfhs quh joomdbjb fds amspdsmtmvds ah mbyhoomÿb y omhrrh, jahkês kjbtmhbh fjs vjrmjifhs ah thkphrjturj y prhsmÿb hb hf pubtd ah rhnhrhbomj ahthrkmbjad.
8
Nm`urj ?. 1 ubmaja ah odbtrdf khaufjr.\1[. Fj thkphrjturj y fj prhsmÿb ahihb shr jeustjajs ahphbamhbad ahf kjthrmjf j mbyhotjr, yj quh hf pfêstmod nubamad odbtmhbh vmsodsmaja y nfumahz, jahkês sh ahihb ijsjrsh hb fjs prdpmhajahs mbtrëbshojs ah fjs rhsmbjs y ah fjs odbamomdbhs ahf kdfah. Sjrj dithbhr ub prdauotd ah ojfmaja tjkimíb sh ahihb jeustjr fjs vjrmjifhs ah thkphrjturj, prhsmÿb y tmhkpds. Hf hbnrmjkmhbtd ahf kjthrmjf sh rhjfmzj khamjbth ub nfued ah j`uj nrëj quh vmjej pdr fjs ojvmajahs ahf kdfah. Hb fj Qjifj ?.: sh kuhstrj fds vjfdrhs ah fj thkphrjturj ah nubamomÿb sh`õb hf kjthrmjf j pfjstmnmojr.
Qjifj ?. : thkphrjturjs ah nubamomÿb pjrj amnhrhbths kjthrmjfhs KJQHYMJF
QHKSHYJQXYJ
AH
NXBAMOMDB ((³³O)
Johtjtd ah ohfufdsj
9:3
Sdfmhtmfhbthrhntjfjtd jkdrnd
913
Sdfmkhtmfkhtjormfjtd
913
Sdfmojridbjtd
?33
Jormfdbmtrmfd iutjamhbd hstmrhbd
913
Sdfmjkmaj >
983
Sdfmhtmfhbd ah ijej ahbsmaja
9:3
Sdfmhtmfhbd ah jftj ahbsmaja
913
Byfdb :9
913
NXHBQH5 \:[ Fj prhsmÿb ah jvjboh y rhtrdohsd ahf tdrbmffd smb nmb vjrëj sh`õb hf kjthrmjf j sdfmamnmojr. Hb fj Qjifj ?.9 sh kuhstrjb fj prhsmÿb ah mbyhoomÿb, sdsthbmkmhbtd y rhtrdohsd ah ojaj kjthrmjf. >
Qjifj ?. 9 prhsmdbhs ah mbyhoomÿb, sdsthbmkmhbtd y rhtrdohsd KJQHYMJF
SYH_MßB AH MB]HOOMßB (IJY)
SYH_MßB AH _D_QHBMKMHBQD (IJY)
SYH_MßB AH YHQYDOH_D (IJY)
Hstmrhbd jormfdbmtrmfd Jormfdbmtrmfd iutjamhbd hstmrhbd
>83-:883 >83-:88:
?83-=33 ?83-=3:
13-73 13-7:
Sdfmdxmad ah nhbmfhbd
:333-:>33
>33-:983
>3-=3
Sdfmofdrurd ah vmbmfd
:333-:883
833-=33
13-73
Johtjtd ah ohfufdsj
>83-:?83
133-:333
13-7:
Johtjtd iutmrjtd ah Ohfufdsj
>83-:?8:
133-:33:
13-79
Sdfmkhtmfkhtjormfjtd
:333-:133
833-::83
73-:93
Sdfmojridbjtd
:333-:>33
>33-:?33
73-:93
Sdfmprdpmfhbd
733-:133
833-::33
>3-=3
Sdfmjkmaj >
183-:883
?83-:383
13-73
Byfdb ::
183-:88:
?83-:38:
13-7:
Byfdb :9
183-:889
?83-:389
>3-=3
NXHBQH5 \:[
0
JXQDKJQMUJOMßB JOMßB AH AHF F _M_QHKJ AH ODBQ ODBQYDF YDF KHAMJ KHAMJBQH BQH SFO 1 OJSMQXFD M^ JXQDKJQMU 1.:.
Mbtrdauoomÿb
Hf SF SFO O _0 _0-: -:93 933 3 hs ub ubj j phqu phquhú húj j odkp odkput utja jadr drj j quh quh hb fj jo jotu tujf jfma maja ja hs us usja jaj j hb fj jutdkj jut dkjtmz tmzjom jomÿb ÿb ah prd prdohs ohsds ds ahf kub kubad ad rhj rhjf,f, tjf tjfhs hs odk odkd d fëbhjs fëbhjs ah prd prdauo auoomÿ omÿb, b, kêqumb kêqumbjs js ghrrjk ghr rjkmhb mhbtjs tjs,, kjb kjbhed hed ah pjr pjrths ths,, hkp hkpjqu jquhtj htjad, ad, ijb ijbajs ajs trjbsp trjbspdrt drtjad jadrjs rjs,, hst hstjom jomdbh dbhss ah idkihd, shkêndrds, hto., jahkês sh ojrjothrmzj pdr su rdiusthz hb jkimhbths mbaustrmjfhs, njomfmaja ah prd`rjkjomÿb y odkpjtmimfmaja pjrj odkubmojrsh odb hqumpds ah amnhrhbths kjrojs. Fjs KMS jbtm`ujs utmfmzjb tjrehtjs hfhotrÿbmojs pjrj hf odbtrdf tdtjf ah fj kêqumbj, hstd amnmouftj fj rhpjrjomÿb oujbad sunrjb jf`õb ahsphrnhotd. Sdr hffd hs bhohsjrmd rhkpfjzjr fjs tjrehtjs hfhotrÿbmojs pdr ub SFO yj quh phrkmth hbodbtrjr rêpmajkhbth njffjs sm fd guimhsh, jahkês amskmbuyh hf tjkjúd nësmod ahf smsthkj ah odbtrdf y ahf jrkjrmd. Hf SFO tmhbh fj ojpjomaja ah rhfjomdbjr rhfjomdbjrsh sh odb fj vhfdomaja ah hehouomÿb ahf prd`rjkj y fjs vjrmjifhs trjtjajs. Fds SFO±s jotujfhs tjrajb ubds 3,:8 ks pdr ojaj mbstruoomÿb, hstd phrkmth odbtrdfjr oujfqumhr jutdkjtmskd. Xbj ijsh mkpdrtjbth pjrj quh hf SFO hkpmhoh j nubomdbjr, hs fj prd`rjkjomÿb pjrj hffd sh bhohsmtj ah ub sdntwjrh quh shj odkpjtmifh odb fj SO, SFO, fds kÿaufds y fj pjbtjffj GKM, jsë kmskd sh ahihrê vhrmnmojr quh hf hbtdrbd `rênmod shj j`rjajifh y nêomf ah kjbhejr, tjkimíb sh ahih vhrmnmojr fjs ojrjothrëstmojs ah fj SO pjrj mbstjfjr hf sdntwjrh quh sh utmfmzjrj hb fj jutdkjtmzjomÿb ah fj kêqumbj mbyhotdrj. Hf odbtrdf ah fj kêqumbj sh rhjfmzj khamjbth ub prd`rjkj quh sh ojr`j hb hf SFO, hf oujf phrkmtmrê fj prdthoomÿb ahf prdohsd ah mbyhoomÿb, pdsmimfmtjbad jahkês odbtrdfjr y vmsujfmzjr khamjbth ub GKM (Gukjb-Kjogmbh Mbthrnjoh) d pjbtjffj ah dphrjomÿb. 1.9.
Odbsmahrjomdbhs `hbhrjfhs pjrj hf amshúd ahf smst smsthkj hkj ah odbtrdf
Hf smsthkj ah odbtrdf njomfmtj hf khedr ahshkphúd ah fj KMS, pjrj hffd sh utmfmzjrê ub SFO (Odbtr (Od btrdfj dfjadr adr Fÿ` Fÿ`mod mod Srd Srd`rj `rjkji kjifh) fh),, hf kms kmskd kd quh odb odbtrd trdfjr fjrê ê tdajs tdajs fjs dph dphrjo rjomdb mdbhs hs ah fj kêqumbj y fh ajrê kjydr rdiusthz jf smsthkj ah odbtrdf nrhbth j fjs phrturijomdbhs hfíotrmojs hbodbtrjajs hb hf prdohsd ah mbyhoomÿb. Sjrj sdfvhbtjr fjs hbtrjajs y sjfmajs tjbtd jbjfÿ`mojs odkd am`mtjfhs sh pfjbthj usjr trhs kÿaufds ah hxpjbsmÿb H/_ am`mtjfhs, quh smrvhb pjrj odbtrdfjr fds pufsjadrhs, ndods, vêfvufjs y shbsdrhs, ub kÿaufd ah sjfmajs jbjfÿ`mojs quh phrkmtmrê odbtrdfjr hf kdtdr gmarêufmod y fds 7
shbsdrhs ah prhsmÿb.
Nm`urj 1.: _msthkj ah odbtrdf ah fj kjqumbj mbyhotdrj ah pfêstmod.\8[.
1.9.:.
Odbsmahrjomdbhs pjrj fj shfhoomÿb ahf SFO
Sjrj hf amkhbsmdbjkmhbtd y shfhoomÿb ahf SFO sh tdkÿ hb odbsmahrjomÿb fd sm`umhbth
Qjifj 1. :5 _hfhoomÿb ahf SFO Mbstrukhbtjomÿb amspdbmifh
Oujbtmtmnmnmoj Oujb ojom omÿb ÿb ah shúj shújfh fhss jbjfÿ`mojs
Mahbtmnmojomÿb ah fjs hbtrjajs/sjfmajs jbjfÿ`mojs y am`m am`mtj tjfh fhss od odkd kd hf hfho hotr trdv dvêf êfvu vufj fjs, s, nmbj nmbjfh fhss ah ojrrhrj, shbsdrhs ah thkphrjturj, amstjbomj hto. am`m am`mtj tjfh fhss
y Hbukhrjomÿb Hbukhrjomÿb ah ahff bõkhrd ah hbtrjajs y sjfmajs tjbtd jbjfÿ`mojs odkd am`mtjfhs.
Yhshrvj pjrj kdamnmojomdbhs nuturjs
Ahejr hbtrjajs y sjfmajs suhftjs d fmirhs sm ahspuís sh qumhrh khedrjr hf smsthkj.
Sjrth ah prd`rjkjomÿb
Jaqumrmr ub ssd dntwjrh qu quh shj od odkpjtmifh ood db hf kdahfd ah SFO, GKM, Kÿaufds y SO, jahkês quh shj nêomf ah kjbmpufjrfd y su mbthrnjz shj =
jkm`jifhs odb hf usujrmd. Odtmzjomÿb
Iusojr Iuso jr prhom prhomds ds oÿ oÿkd kdad adss y jo jooh ohsm smif ifhs hs ah fd fdss kjthrmjfhs j utmfmzjr hb fj jutdkjtmzjomÿb j fds prdvhhadrhs
Qmhkpd ah nmbjfmzjomÿb
Qmhkpd pjrj nmbjfmzjr hf prdyhotd
NXHBQH 5\:[ Odb rhsphotd j fds rhquhrmkmhbtds ahf buhvd smsthkj ah odbtrdf, sh gj hstjifhomad fd sm`umhbth5
Kmbmkmzjr y rhpdthbomjr hf smsthkj ah odbtrdf.
Mahbtmnmojr fjs vjrmjifhs mbvdfuorjajs hb hf nubomdbjkmhbtd ah fj KMS.
Hbtrjajs y sjfmajs am`mtjfhs ahf SFO Qjifj 1. 95 Hbtrjajs am`mtjfhs pjrj hf SFO Qmpd ah Ajtd
Ahsormpomÿb Idtÿb ah Hbohbamad _hbsdr kdfah ohrrjad
Hbtrjaj Am`mtjf
Qhkphrjturj ahshjaj Ojúÿb hb pdsmomÿb Qírkmbd ah ojrrhrj Idtjadr rhtrjëad Idimbj ah jpj`jad Xbmaja ah pdthbomj (kdtdr y idkij)
Ojúÿb jvjbzj _jfmaj Am`mtjf
^êfvufj ah ojr`j ^êfvufj ah mbyhoomÿb Kdfah jirh Idtjadr Kdfah omhrrj :3
Hbtrjaj ah thrkdpjr Hbtrjaj Jbjfÿ`moj
Hbtrjaj ah thrkdpjr Hbtrjaj ah thrkdpjr Hbtrjaj ah thrkdpjr _jfmaj j trmjo ah rhsmsthbomjs Srhsmÿb ah ojr`j
_jfmaj Jbjfÿ`moj
Srhsmÿb ah mbyhoomÿb Srhsmÿb ah sdsthbmkmhbtd Srhsmÿb ah omhrrh Srhsmÿb ah jphrturj
NXHBQH5\>[ Bõkhrd ah hbtrjajs y sjfmajs Qjifj 1. ?5 Bõkhrd ah hbtrjajs y sjfmajs pjrj hf SFO Kÿaufd
Xbmajahs
Hbtrjajs Am`mtjfhs
>
_jfmajs Am`mtjfhs
7
Hbtrjajs Jbjfÿ`mojs
1
_jfmajs Jbjfÿ`mojs
>
NXHBQH 5\>[ ::
1.9.9.
Ojrjothrëstmojs ahf SFO
Fjs ojrjothrëstmojs ahf SFO _0-:933, sdb fjs sm`umhbths5
Odkpuhstd pdr5 d
Odbtrdfjadr Odbtr dfjadr odb mbthrn mbthrnjz jz SYDNMBHQ SYDNMBHQ mbth`rjaj pjrj fj odkubmojom odkubmojomÿb ÿb hbtrh fj prd`rjkjadrj, hf GKM u dtrds odbtrdfjadrhs _MKJQMO
d
Sdthbt Sdt hbths hs nub nubomd omdbhs bhs tho thobdf bdfÿ`m ÿ`mojs ojs mbt mbth`r h`rjaj jajs, s, odkd odkd odb odbtje tjeh, h, kha khamom momÿb, ÿb, rh`ufjomÿb y odbtrdf ah kdvmkmhbtd
d
Hbtrjajs/sjfmajs jbjfÿ`mojs y am`mtjfhs mbth`rjajs
d
Fds tjifhrds ah shújf smrvhb pjrj hf hbogunh amrhotd sdirh hf odbtrdfjadr
d
Fd Fdss kÿau kÿaufd fdss ah shúj shújff jk jkpf pfëj ëjb b fd fdss oj ojbj bjfh fhss ah hb hbtr trja jaj/ j/sj sjfmfmaj aj ah fd fdss odbtrdfjadrhs
Hf kmord SFO pjrj hf kêxmkd hnhotd ah jutdkjtmzjomÿb jf këbmkd odsth. Kdbtjeh, prd`rjkjomÿb y usd pjrtmoufjrkhbth nêomfhs.
Ah jftj hsojfj ah mbth`rjomÿb, rhqumhrh pdod hspjomd, pdthbth.
Jahoujad pjrj jpfmojomdbhs ah jutdkjtmzjomÿb phquhújs y khamjs.
Jpfmojifh tjbtd pjrj fds odbtrdfhs kês smkpfhs odkd tjkimíb pjrj tjrhjs odkpfhejs ah jutdkjtmzjomÿb
1.?.
@rênmod shouhbomjf ah nubomdbhs (`rjnoht)
Hs ub fhb` fhb`uj ujeh eh `rên `rênmo mod d qu quh h ph phrk rkmtmth h rh rhjf jfmz mzjr jr ub kdah kdahfd fd ahf ahf pr prdo dohs hsd d j jutd jutdkj kjtmtmzj zjr, r, odbthkpfjbad fjs hbtrjajs y sjfmajs quh sh usj hb ub smsthkj. Hsth smsthkj hstj odbstmtumads pdr htj htjpjs pjs y trj trjbsm bsmomd omdbhs bhs,, adb adbah ah fjs htj htjpjs pjs odb odbtmh tmhbhb bhb fjs sjf sjfmaj majss y fjs trj trjbsm bsmomd omdbhs bhs fjs hbtrjajs.
Hf @rjnoht hs fj ndrkj fÿ`moj ah hsphomnmojr y prd`rjkjr jf kês jftd bmvhf ah ub prd`rjkj pjrj SFO.
Nm`urj 1. 95 Amj`rjkj @rjnoht.\>[.
:9
1.1.
^jrmjifhs quh mbthrvmhbhb hb hf prdohsd
Hb hf prdohsd ah mbyhoomÿb mbthrvmhbhb ah ndrkj amrhotj d mbamrhotj fjs sm`umhbths vjrmjifhs<
thkphrjturj, prhsmÿb, tmhkpd y amstjbomj. 1.1.:.
Qhkphrjturj ahf kdfah
Hs fj thkphrjturj j fj quh sh hbouhbtrj fj ojvmaja ahf kdfah, ahih shr imhb ijej pjrj quh hf kjthrmjf mbyhotjad hb hf kdfah sh puhaj hbnrmjr rêpmajkhbth y jsë odbsh`umr quh sh sdfmamnmquh. Fj thkp thkphrj hrjtu turj rj ah ahff kd kdfa fah h ah ahph phba bah h ah jf`u jf`ubd bdss pjrêk pjrêkht htrds rds (t (thk hkph phrj rjtu turj rj ah ahff nfnfum umad ad,, thkphrjturj ahf kjthrmjf, ojrjothrëstmojs tíobmojs ahf kdfah, hto.) . Kmhbtrjs kês rêpmad shj hf hbnrmjkmhbtd ahf pfêstmod, kês rêpmad hkphzjrê hf buhvd omofd ah mbyhoomÿb, hstd phrkmtmrê hf jukhbtd ah pmhzjs mbyhotjajs hb ub khbdr tmhkpd. 1.1.9.
Qhkphrjturj ah mbyhoomÿb
Hs fj thkph thkphrjtur rjturj j j fj quh sh ojfmh ojfmhbtj btj hf kjthrmjf y sh nubah pjrj fuh`d shr mbyhotjad mbyhotjad hb hf mbthrmdr ahf kdfah. Hf kjthrmjf j nubamr pjsj pdr oujtrd htjpjs ah ojfhbtjkmhbtd, ahsah quh hbtrj pdr fj tdfvj gjstj oujbad hf kjthrmjf hstí prhpjrjad pjrj shr mbyhotjad hb hf kdfah. Fj thkphrjturj bd ahih hxohahr ah fjs prdpmhajahs ah nubamomÿb ahf kjthrmjf, phrd ahih shr fd sunmomhbthkhbth hqumfmirjaj pjrj phrkmtmr quh hf kjthrmjf nfuyj odrrhotjkhbth. 1.1.?.
Srhsmÿb mbmomjf d ah ffhbjad
Hstj prhsmÿb hs jpfmojaj oujbad hf kjthrmjf sh hbouhbtrj nubamad, hsth prdohsd sh rhjfmzj jf joomdbjr joom dbjr hf kdtdr gmarêu gmarêufmod fmod yj quh `mrj hf tdrbmffd smb nmb gjomj ahfjbth y pdr khamd ahf ojfdr hf kjthrmjf hkpmhzj j nubamrsh. Hstj prhsmÿb difm`j j quh hf kjthrmjf nubamad shj mbyhotjad gjomj jahfjbth, prdauomhbad jsë hf ffhbjad mbmomjf ahf kdfah. Fj prhsmÿb mbmomjf ahih shr jftj pjrj quh hf ffhbjad ahf kdfah shj fd kês rêpmad. 1.1.1.
Srhsmÿb ah kjbthbmkmhbtd d odkpjotjomÿb (Gdfamb` Srhssurh)
Hs fj prhsm prhsmÿb ÿb quh jpfmo jpfmoj j hbtrh hf kdfah y fj idqumffj ahspuís ah gjihr nmbjfmzjad nmbjfmzjad hf prdoh prdohsd sd ah mbyhoomÿb, hstd jyuaj j quh bd gjyj nu`js ah kjthrmjf pdr fjs ojvmajahs ahf kdfah, khamjbth hstj prhsmÿb hf kjthrmjf hkpmhzj j hbnrmjrsh y odbtrjhrsh, jahkês sh dithbarê ubj pmhzj odb ubj ahbsmaja ubmndrkh. 1.1.8.
Srhsmÿb pdsthrmdr d ah rhtrdohsd (ijol prhssurh)
Hstj prhsmÿb sh jpfmoj ubj vhz thrkmbjad fj htjpj ah odkpjotjomÿb, hf tdrbmffd smb nmb hkpmhzj j `mrjr y rhtrdohah gjomj jtrês, jf kmskd tmhkpd vj ojr`jbad y nubamhbad hf kjthrmjf. Hf kjthrmjf :?
nubamad nubam ad sh joukuf joukufj j ahfjbt ahfjbth h ahf tdrbmffd smb nmb, difm`jbad j quh hsth rhtrdohaj, hehromhbad hehromhbad ubj prhsmÿ prh smÿb b gjo gjomj mj jtr jtrês ês,, hst hstd d jyu jyuajr ajrj j j odb odbsh` sh`umr umr quh hf kjthrm kjthrmjf jf sh khz khzofh ofh y gdk gdkd`h d`hbmo bmoh h jahoujajkhbth. 1.1.>.
Qmhkpd ah mbyhoomÿb mbmomjf
Hs hf tmhkpd quh rhodrrh hf tdrbmffd smb nmb jf jpfmojr ubj prhsmÿb gjomj jahfjbth, hstd phrkmth quh hf kjthrmjf nubamad mb`rhsh jf kdfah. Sjrj jpfmojr hsth tmhkpd hs bhohsjrmd odbdohr, fjs ojrjothrëstmojs ahf kdfah hb adbah mb`rhsjrj hf kjthrmjf nubamad, fj vmsodsmaja ahf kjthrmjf y hf pdrohbtjeh hkpfhjad pjrj fj mbyhoomÿb ahf kjthrmjf. Bdrkjfkhbth hsth tmhkpd bd hs suphrmdr j 9s. 1.1.0.
Qmhkpd ah kjbthbmkmhbtd d odkpjotjomÿb
Hb hsth tmhkpd, hf tdrbmffd smb nmb sh kjbtmhbh hb pdsmomÿb jvjbzjaj, jpfmojbad ubj prhsmÿb bhohsjrmj jf kjthrmjf ahbtrd ahf kdfah gjstj quh fj hbtrjaj j fj ojvmaja ah kdfahd sh sdfmamnmquh. Sjrj ubj pmhzj ah :.8 kk ah hsphsdr hf tmhkpd ah kjbthbmkmhbtd bd suhfh hxohahr ah >s . 1.1.7.
Qmhkpd ah hbnrmjkmhbtd
Hs hf tmhkpd quh bhohsmtj ubj pmhzj pjrj hbnrmjrsh, sdfmamnmojbad jsë hf kjthrmjf mbyhotjad hb hf kdfah, ubj vhz quh fj pmhzj hsth fd sunmomhbthkhbth rë`maj, sh pdarê hxtrjhr ahf kdfah smb quh sh ahndrkh y jsë jaqumrmr ub prdauotd ah ojfmaja smb ahsphramomjr hf kjthrmjf ah trjijed. Jsë pdahkds ahomr quh oujbtd kjydr shj hf hsphsdr ah fj pmhzj quh sh hstê kdfahjbad kjydr shrê hf tmhkpd ah hbnrmjkmhbtd rhquhrmad.
Hb fj Nm`urj 1.? sh kuhstrj hf tmhkpd ah hbnrmjkmhbtd ah fj pmhzj odb rhfjomÿb jf hsphsdr.
:1
Nm`urj 1.?5 Hbnrmjkmhbtd ah fj pmhzj odb rhfjomÿb jf hsphsdr \>[ 1.8.
Srd`rjkjomÿb ahf SFO
Sjrj prd`rjkjr hf SFO _0-:933 nuh bhohsjrmd odbdohr hf prdohsd ah trjijed ah fj KMS, tjkimíb tjkim íb sh ahih tdkjr hb ouhbt ouhbtj j fjs pdsmi pdsmifhs fhs njffjs aurjbth fj dphrjomÿb ah fj kêqumbj kêqumbj y pdr õftmkd odbdohr fds hqumpds odb fds quh hf SFO vj j mbthrjotujr. 1.8.:.
Joomdbhs quh rhjfmzj hf prd`rjkj ah odbtrdf
Hf SFO prmbompjfkhbth sh hbojr`jrê ahf odbtrdf ah fds tmhkpds, thkphrjturjs, amstjbomjs y prhsmdbhs. Fds tmhkpds j odbtrdfjr sdb hf ah hbnrmjkmhbtd, mbyhoomÿb y odkpjotjomÿb, hf odbtrdf ah fjs prhs prhsmdb mdbhs hs sh fd rhj rhjfmz fmzjrê jrê kha khamjb mjbth th vêf vêfvuf vufjs js prd prdpdr pdromd omdbjf bjfhs, hs, fj thk thkphr phrjtu jturj rj ah fjs bmquhfmbjs shrê odbtrdfjajs pdr thrkdoupfjs y fjs amstjbomjs shrêb odbtrdfjajs pdr khamd ah fds shbsdrhs shbsd rhs mbauotmv mbauotmvds. ds. Sjrj hffd sh utmfm utmfmzÿ zÿ ub SFO _mhkhbs _0-:933 odb kÿaufds ah hxpjbsmÿb hxpjbsmÿb H/_ am`mtjfhs, H/_ jbjfÿ`mojs, pjrj hf odbtrdf ah thkphrjturj ub kÿaufd ah hxpjbsmÿb pjrj fjs thrkdoupfjs y ubj pjbtjffj GKM pjrj hf odbtrdf ahf prdohsd. J trjvís ahf SFO sh odbtrdfj fjs hbtrjajs ah fj kêqumbj odkd sdb5 fds nmbhs ah ojrrhrj y idtdbhrjs, jsë kmskd, odbtrdfj fjs sjfmajs odkd sdb fjs vêfvufjs ah odbtrdf amrhoomdbjf y prdpdromdbjf fjs oujfhs sdb joomdbjajs pdr rhfís, hf hbohbamad ah idkij y shrvd-vêfvufj (odbtrdf jbêfd`d), tjkimíb, `hbhrj amnhrhbths jfjrkjs prdauomajs odkd njftj ah johmth, bd omhrrh fj prhb prhbsj sj y fj fjss pu puhr hrtj tjss ah prdt prdtho hoom omÿb ÿb sh hb hbou ouhb hbtr trj j ji jimh mhrt rtj. j. Qd Qdaj ajss hs hstj tjss jf jfjr jrkj kjss sd sdb b :8
ahspfh`jajs j trjvís ah fj pjbtjffj têotmf. Sjrj hf smsthkj ah ojfhnjoomÿb sh odbtrdfjrê ahsah fj pjbtjffj GKM fj thkphrjturj ahf kjthrmjf fj kmskj quh sh hbouhbtrj hb oujtrd zdbjs ahf trjbspdrtjadr ah fj kjthrmj. Fds oujfhs sh pdarêb shthjr j ubj omhrtj thkphrjturj y sm fj thrkdoupfj ohbsj ub vjfdr pdr ahijed ah hstj, jotmvj su sjfmaj ajbad hbhr`ëj j ubj rhsmsthbomj ojfdrënmoj pjrj jsë ojfhbtjr hf prdauotd. Oujbad fj thkphrjturj ohbsjaj shj m`ujf j fj shthjaj hf odbtrdfjadr ahsjotmvj su sjfmaj ahejbad smb hbhr`ëj j fj rhsmsthbomj. Qjkimíb, j trjvís, ah fj pjbtjffj têotmf sh mb`rhsjb ajtds gjomj hf SFO, fds oujfhs sdb5 hf tmhk tmhkpd pd ah hbnr hbnrmj mjkm kmhb hbtd td ah fj pmhz pmhzj, j, hf tmhk tmhkpd pd ah pj pjrj rjaj aj ah fj kê kêqu qumb mbj, j, hf bõ bõkh khrd rd ah hxpufsmdbhs, fj vhfdomaja ah ojr`j ah kjthrmjf y hf tmhkpd ah rhoguph. 1.8.9.
_dntwjrh ah prd`rjkjomÿb
Sjrj prd`rjkjr hf SFO _0-:933 sh utmfmzj hf sdntwjrh ah prd`rjkjomÿb _QHS 0 Srdnhssmdbjf ^:9 (QMJ Sdrtjf ^:9). Hb fj Nm`urj (1.1) sh kuhst kuhstrj rj hf prdohs prdohsd d ah prd`rjkjomÿb prd`rjkjomÿb hbtrh hf SFO, SO, GKM, prdohsd rhjf.
Nm`urj 1.15 Srdohsd ah odbtrdf khamjbth Qmj Sdrtjf \0[ Hf QMJ Sdrtjf sh puhah odbnm odbnm`urjr `urjr tjbtd pjrj hf odbtr odbtrdf df odkd fj vmsujfmz vmsujfmzjomÿb jomÿb ah ub smsthkj smsthkj.. Hf QMJ Sdrtjf odbtmhbh ads prd`rjkjs, íf _QHS 0 quh smrvh pjrj prd`rjkjr tdajs fjs hbtrjajs y sjfmajs yj shjb jbjfÿ`mojs d am`mtjfhs ah fj KMS hb hf SFO y hf PmbOO ijsmo quh utmfmzj pjrj rhjfmzjr fj vmsujfmzjomÿb ahf smsthkj GKM quh odbtrdfjrj fjs vjrmjifhs ah fj KMS. Fds prdyhotds :>
orhjads sh `ujrajb hb ubj ojrphtj odkõb. Sjrj orhjr fds prd`rjkjs hb _QHS 0 Srdnhssmdbjf ^:9 (QMJ Sdrtjf ^:9), sh ahih gjohr fjs sm`umhbths shfhoomdbhs5
Mbt Mbthf hf ® odr odrh(Q h(QK), K), m8-918 m8-9183 3 OSX C 9.8 9.83@g 3@gz, z, 1 @I, _msthkj _msthkj dphrjt dphrjtmvd mvd >1i >1imts mts,, Pmbadws 0 gdkh Srhkmuk
_dntwjrh _QHS 0 Ijsmo ^:9
Odbhxmÿb Htghrbht hbtrh SO, OSX y Sjbhf
SFO _MKJQMO _0-:933
Kÿaufds ah hxpjbsmÿb Jbjfÿ`mojs y am`mtjfhs Sjbhf _MKJQMO LQS>33 Ijsmo Odfdr SB
Hf sdntwjrh _QHS 0 tmhbh fjs sm`umhbths nubomdbhs pjrj fj jutdkjtmzjomÿb ah fj kêqumbj mbyhotdrj5
Odbnm`urjomÿb y pjrjkhtrmzjomÿb ahf gjrawjrh
Ahnmbmomÿb ah fj odkubmojomÿb
Srd`rjkjomÿb
1.8.?.
Hamtdr LDS (Hsquhkj ah odbtjotds)
Khamjbth hf hamtdr LDS sh orhj hf prd`rjkj pjrj hf odbtrdf ah fj kêqumbj mbyhotdrj (Nm`urj 1.8). Hf fhb`ujeh ah prd`rjkjomÿb LDS tmhbh fds sm`umhbths hfhkhbtds, odbtjotds bdrkjfkhbth ohrrjad ohr rjadss y bdr bdrkjf kjfkhb khbth th jimhrt jimhrtds, ds, idi idimbj mbjs, s, hto., hto., hst hstds ds hfh hfhkhb khbtds tds sh utm utmfmz fmzjrê jrê pjr pjrj j ndr ndrkjr kjr sh`khbtds ah prd`rjkjomÿb y jsë ajrfh kdvmkmhbtd j fj KMS.
:0
Nm`urj 1.85 Srd`rjkjomÿb LDS hb Qmj Sdrtjf ^:9 \8[ Ahbt Ah btrd rd ah ahff fh fhb` b`uj ujeh eh LDS tj tjki kimí míb b sh pu puha hah h rh rhjf jfmz mzjr jr dphr dphrjo jomd mdbh bhss ah od odkp kpjr jrjo jomÿ mÿb, b, odbvhrsmÿb, jrmtkítmojs, ah trjbsnhrhbomj, thkpdrmzjomÿb, odbtjeh, hto. Fjs dph dphrjo rjomdb mdbhs hs sh rhp rhprhs rhshbt hbtjb jb kha khamjb mjbth th së sëkid kidfds fds `rê `rênmo nmods ds quh mbofuy mbofuyhb hb trh trhss ndr ndrkjs kjs iêsmojs.
Odbtjotd jimhrtd5 Nubomdbj oujbad hf odbtjotd sh omhrrj y phrkmth quh fj odrrmhbth nfuyj j trjvís ahf odbtjotd, hf rhsuftjad fÿ`mod hs ‖:‛.
Hsth th odbt odbtjo jotd td sh ji jirh rh ou oujb jbad ad hf nfum nfumad ad od odrrm rrmhb hbth th sh od odrt rtj j Odbtjotd Odbt jotd Ohrrj Ohrrjad ad5 Hs kdstrjbad odkd rhsuftjad ‖3‛ fÿ`mod.
Idimbjs5 Fjs idimbjs phrkmthb odbtrdfjr dphrjbads imbjrmds. _m fj odrrmhbth nfuyh gjstj fj idimbj, hf imt hb hf dphrjadr sh pdbh j ‖:‛. _m bd nfuyh odrrmhbth gjstj fj idimbj, idimb j, hf imt hb hf dphrjadr sh pdbh ‖3‛. Xbj idimbj ah sjfmaj sjfmaj sdfd puhah odfdo odfdojrsh jrsh ahbtrd ah ub hsquhkj ah odbtjotds hb hf hxtrhkd ahrhogd ah ub omroumtd.
Odbtjadrhs5 Xb odbtjadr sh usj pjrj odkpjrjr ub vjfdr joukufjad y ub vjfdr prhhstjifhomad pjrj fj nubomÿb ahf omroumtd ah odbtrdf. Hf vjfdr nmejad pdr hf prd`rjkjadr sh trjbsnmhrh trjbsnmhrh ahf jouku joukufjadr fjadr jf odbt odbtjadr jadr jf jotmv jotmvjrsh jrsh hsth. Hf vjfdr ah odbtjeh puhah hstjr odkprhbamad hbtrh d y ===.
utmfmfmz mzj j pjrj pjrj orh rhjr jr rht htjr jrad adss pr prd` d`rj rjk kja jads ds.. Hf vjf jfdr dr ah Qhkp Qh kpdr drmz mzja jadr drhs hs55 _h ut thkpdrmzjomÿb sh puhah ojr`jr hb fds ndrkjtds imbjrmds, ghxjahomkjfhs d ahomkjf odamnmojad hb imbjrmd (IOA). Hf êrhj ah thkpdrmzjomÿb vj ah 3 j ===3 sh`ubads.
J odbtmbujomÿb, sh kuhstrj hb fj tjifj tjifj fj ahsormpomÿb ah ojaj pjrêkhtrd ahf thkpdrmzjadr. thkpdrmzjadr.
Qjifj 1.15 Sjrêkhtrds ah fds thkpdrmzjadrhs SJYÊKHQYD
QMSD AH AJQD_
MB
Iddf
AH_OYMSOMßB Gjimfmtj fj hbtrjaj ahf thkpdrmzjadr
:7
Y
Iddf
Sdbh j 3 hf tmhkpd trjbsourrmad ah QDBY
SQ
Iddf
Hbtrjaj
quh
mbamoj
hf
tmhkpd
prhahthrkmbjad Z
Iddf
_jfmaj ahf thkpdrmzjadr
HQ
Qmkh
_jfmaj quh mbamoj hf tmhkpd trjbsourrmad.
Ifdquh ah ajtds
AI
Mbamoj quh thkpdrmzjadr ahih mbmomjfmzjrsh
thkpdrmzjads
odb fj mbstruoomÿb YQ
NXHBQH5 \:[ 1.8.1.
Hstruoturj ahf prd`rjkj ah odbtrdf
Hf prd`rjkj quh odbtrdfj hf omofd ah trjijed ah KMS odbtmhbh ub prd`rjkj prmbompjf.
1.8.1. 1.8 .1.:. :. Srd Srd`rj `rjkj kj pr prmbo mbompj mpjff Hf prd`rjkj prmbompjf odbtrdfj hf trjijejad ah dphrjomÿb hb kdad Kjbujf y Jutdkêtmoj ah fj kêqumbj mbyhotdrj, hsth prd`rjkj rhjfmzjrê hf odbtrdf ah fjs ubmajahs ah omhrrh, ubmaja ah mbyhoomÿb, jsë odkd hf smsthkj gmarêufmod, hfíotrmod, jahkês sh odbtrdfjrê fjs vhfdomajahs, tmhkpds, amstjbomj y prhsmdbhs quh phrkmthb hf kdvmkmhbtd ah fj KMS. Hf prd`rjkj ah odbtrdf rhjfmzjad odbtmhbh fds sm`umhbths sh`khbtds.
1.8.1.:.:.
Jphrturj a ahh pr prhbsj
Hb hsth sh`khbtd sh odbtrdfj fj jphrturj ah fj prhbsj ah fj KMS yj shj hb kdad kjbujf, d jutdkêtmoj,, pjrj jirmr fj prhbsj hs bhohsjrmd odbtrdf jutdkêtmoj odbtrdfjr jr fj vhfdomaja vhfdomaja,, hstd sh fd gjoh khamjbth khamjbth fjs vêfvufjs prdpdromdbjfhs quh sh hbouhbtrjb jodpfjajs hb fj ubmaja ah pdthbomj. Hb hf Jbhxd 0 sh kuhstrj hf sh`khbtd ah prd`rjkjomÿb ah fj jphrturj ah prhbsj.
1.8.1.:.9.
Omhrrh ah prhbsj
Hb hsth sh`khbtd sh prd`rjkjrê hf odbtrdf omhrrh ah prhbsj, hf omhrrh ah fj pfjoj kÿvmf trjijej j ubj vhfdomaja, dtrd pjrêkhtrd j odbtrdfjr hs fj prhsmÿb fj kmskj quh smrvh pjrj odkpjotjr fj pfjoj kÿvmf odb fj pfjoj nmej y pjrj pjrjr hf omhrrh ah prhbsj sh utmfmzj ub shbsdr mbau mbauot otmv mvd d qu quh h ah ahth thot otj j hf pu pubt btd d ah pjrja pjrjaj. j. Hb hf Jb Jbhx hxd d 0 sh kd kdst strjr rjrê ê hf sh sh`k `khb hbtd td ah prd`rjkjomÿb ahf omhrrh ah prhbsj. :=
1.8.1.:.?.
Ojrrd gjomj jahfjbth
Hsth sh`khbtd odbtrdfj hf jvjboh ah fj ubmaja ah mbyhoomÿb, hsth jvjboh trjijej j ubj vhfdomaja vhfdo maja y thrkm thrkmbj bj su jahfjbtjkm jahfjbtjkmhbtd hbtd oujbad hf shbsd shbsdrr mbauo mbauotmvd tmvd ahthotj hf pubtd ah pjrjaj. pjrjaj. Hb hf Jbhxd 0 sh kuhstrj hf sh`khbtd ah prd`rjkjomÿb ahf ojrrd gjomj jahfjbth.
1.8.1.:.1.
Ojrrd gjomj jtrês
Hsth sh`khbtd odbtrdfj hf rhtrdohsd ahf ojrrd, hsth rhtrdohsd sh rhjfmzj j ubj sdfj vhfdomaja, fj ubmaja sh trjsfjaj gjstj quh hf shbsdr mbauotmvd adbah ahthrkmbj fj pjrjaj d su pdsmomÿb mbmomjf. Hb hf Jbhxd 0 sh kuhstrj hf sh`khbtd ah prd`rjkjomÿb ahf ojrrd gjomj jtrês.
1.8.1.:.8.
Mbyhoomÿb ah kjthrmjf
Hsth sh`khbtd sh`khbtd ahf prd`rjkj odbtrdf odbtrdfj j hf jvjboh ahf tdrbmffd smb nmb, prmkhrd prmkhrd j ubj vhfdomaja ijej y pdr õftmkd j ubj vhfdomaja jftj ah mbyhoomÿb. Dtrd pubtd j odbtrdfjr hs fj prhsmÿb, yj quh jf mbyhotjr hf kjthrmjf hehroh ubj prhsmÿb pjrj odkpjotjr fj idqumffj odb hf kdfah, hstd jyuaj j quh bd gjyj ahrrjkjkmhbtd ah kjthrmjf pdr fds drmnmomds ahf kdfah. Hb hf Jbhxd 0 sh kuhstrj hf sh`khbtd ah prd`rjkjomÿb ah fj mbyhoomÿb ah kjthrmjf.
1.8.1.:.>.
Ojr`j ah kjthrmjf
Hsth suiprd`rjkj odbtrdfj fj vhfdomaja ah `mrd quh hehroh hf kdtdr gmarêufmod, pjrj quh hf tdrbmffd smb nmb hkpmhoh j ojr`jr hf kjthrmjf gjomj fj idqumffj ahf ojúÿb, hf nmb ah fj ojr`j aj mbmomd jf rhoguph ahf kjthrmjf. Hb hf Jbhxd 0 sh kuhstrj hf sh`khbtd ah prd`rjkjomÿb ah ojr`j ah kjthrmjf.
1.8.1.:.0.
Hxpufsdr jja ahfjbth
Hsth odbtrdfj hf jvjboh ahf smsthkj ah hxpufsmÿb ah fj KMS hf kmskd quh hxpufsj fj pmhzj sdfmamnmojaj ahf kdfah gjomj hf hxthrmdr. Hb hf Jbhxd 0 sh kuhstrj hf sh`khbtd ah prd`rjkjomÿb ahf hxpufsdr gjomj jahfjbth.
1.8.1.:.7.
Hxpufsdr jtrês
Hsth sh`khbtd odbtrdfj hf rhtrdohsd ahf smsthkj ah hxpufsmÿb j su pdsmomÿb mbmomjf h mbamoj fj nmbjfmzjomÿb ahf omofd ah trjijed ah fj kêqumbj. Hb hf Jbhxd 0 sh kuhstrj hf sh`khbtd ah prd`rjkjomÿb ahf hxpufsdr gjomj jtrês.
93
1.8.1.:.=.
Jvmsds
Hsth prd`rjkj phrkmth vmsujfmzjr fds jvmsds quh hbvëj hf SFO gjomj hf pjbhf dphrjadr d GKM.
8 OJSMQXFD ^ OD_QD_ 8.:.
Mbtrdauoomÿb
Hb tdad tmpd ah prdyhotds sh ahih ah rhjfmzjr hf prhsupuhstd ahimad j quh sh ahih ah thbhr fj ojbtmaja ah ambhrd prhvmd quh sh vj j utmfmzjr pjrj ffhvjrfd j ojid. Hxmsthb amstmbtds kítdads pjrj ahthrkmbjrfd ahphbamhbad hf hbndquh quh sh fh aí odbndrkh j fds diehtmvds quh sh ahshj oukpfmr. Sjrj pdahr rhjfmzjr ub prhsupuhstd jprdxmkjad, sh tmhbh quh odkpjrjr sm hf odstd ahf prdyhotd `ujraj rhfjomÿb odb fds ihbhnmomds quh sh ahshjb dithbhr. Sdr fd oujf sh ahih ah ffhvjr ub fmstjad hb ubmajahs khbsurjifhs y prhomds ubmtjrmds quh bd hstíb kuy ahtjffjads odb hf nmb ah dithbhr hf vjfdr tdtjf ahf prdyhotd. Bd sdfjkhbth sh ahih odbsmahrjr hf prhsupuhstd pjrj sdfvhbtjr fj hehouomÿb ahf prdyhotd, smbd tjkimíb ijed quí odbamomdbhs sh vj j ffhvjr j ojid. Sdr fd oujf sh ahihb ahtjffjr kuy imhb fjs ubmajahs ah khamaj y ndrkjr prhomds ubmtjrmds j pjrtmr ah tdads fds odkpdbhbths. 8.9.
Hvjfujomÿb ah odstds ahf prdyhotd 8.9.:.
Njotdrhs j hvjfujr
Sjrj pdahr ffhvjr j ojid ub jbêfmsms ah prhomds ubmtjrmds sh tmhbhb quh odbsmahrjr fds njotdrhs hb fds oujfhs sh vj j amstrmiumr hf prhsupuhstd odkd fds kjthrmjfhs j hkpfhjr, kjbd ah dirj, 9:
rhbtj ah hqumpds, pruhijs.
Ihbhnmomds ahf prdyhotd
8.?.
_mhkprh quh sh pmhbsj hb hfjidrjr h mkpfhkhbtjr ub prdyhotd, sh ahihb ah odbsmahrjr fds ihbhnmomds quh puhaj thbhr, hstds puhahb shr ah ojrêothr sdomjf, pdfëtmod, jkimhbtjf d imhb, sm sh rhqumhrh odbdohr fj mbvhrsmÿb quh thbarê amogd prdyhotd, sh tmhbh quh odbsmahrjr hf ihbhnmomd hodbÿkmod quh sh vj j dithbhr ah íf, sm hs njotmifh d bd, sm hsh `jstd quh sh pmhbsj gjohr pjrj ouirmr fj pfjbhjomÿb, kjbd ah dirj y kjthrmjfhs pjrj su mkpfhkhbtjomÿb sh rhouphrjrê j odrtd, khamjbd d fjr`d pfjzd. 8.?.:.
Ihbhnmomds sdomjfhs
Ajr ubj kjydr sh`urmaja j fds trjijejadrhs smb hxpdbhr j dfdrhs tÿxmods ah fds pfêstmods. 8.?.9.
Ihbhnmomds hodbÿkmods
Odkd imhb sh sjih hf tmhkpd pjrj fj njirmojomÿb ah diehtds pfêstmods hs ub njotdr kuy mkpdrtjbth yj quh sm sh amskmbuyh hf tmhkpd sh thbarê kês ihbhnmomd hodbÿkmod.
> OJSMQXFD ^M ODBOFX_MDBH_ ] YHODKHBAJOMD YHODKHBAJOMDBH_ BH_ >.:.
Mbtrdauoomÿb
Hb hf prhshbth ojpmtufd sh gjoh odbdohr, hf jbêfmsms, rhsuftjad y rhodkhbajomdbhs dithbmads hb fj jutdkjtmzjomÿb ah ubj mbyhotdrj ah pfêstmod >.9.
Odbofusmdbhs _h rhjf rhjfmz mzÿ ÿ fj ju jutd tdkj kjtmtmzj zjom omÿb ÿb ah fj kê kêqu qumb mbj j mb mbyh yhot otdr drj j ah pf pfês êstm tmod od ad adba bah h prmkhrjkhbth sh jbjfmzÿ hf nubomdbjkmhbtd ah fds kdvmkmhbtds iêsmods ahf smsthkj ah mby byho hooomÿb, mÿb, js jsëë odk odkd hf ahsh ahshkp kph húd ah ojaj ojaj ub ubd d ah fd fdss hf hfhk hkhb hbttds mkpfhkhbtjads hb fj kêqumbj.
_h odkprdiÿ ojaj ubj ah fjs vjrmjifhs quh mbthrvmhbhb hb hf omofd ah trjijed ah fj KMS odkd5 fj prhsmÿb quh hs bhohsjrmd jf kdkhbtd ah ohrrjr hf kdfah yj quh ahih hstjr imhb odkpjotjad pjrj quh bd gjyj nmftrjomdbhs< hb hf smsthkj ah mbyhoomÿb fj prhsmÿb ahih shr jahoujad oujbad oujbad sh mbyhotj hf kjthrmjf jf kdfah, fj thkphrjturj ahih shr jprdpmjaj y odbtrdfjaj pjrj ojaj kjthrmjf ah pfêstmod quh sh vjyj j utmfmzjr, pdr õftmkd fds tmhkpds quh jyuajb hb hf hbnrmjkmhbtd y sdfmamnmojomÿb ahf 99
kjthrmjf mbyhotjad
Hf SFO hbvëj ubj shújf ah joomdbjkmhbtd hxjotj j fjs vêfvufjs ahf smsthkj gmarêufmod, hvmtjbad fds rhtrjsds d jahfjbtds quh pdsmifhkhbth dourrjb odb hf tjifhrd.
>.?.
Sjrj shfhoomdbjr hf SFO sh tdkd hb ouhbtj hf bukhrd bhohsjrmd ah hbtrjajs y sjfmajs.
Yhodkhbajomdbhs Mahbtmnmoj Mahbt mnmojrr tdajs fjs hbtrja hbtrjajs js y sjfma sjfmajs js ah fj kêqumbj yj quh shrvmrê jyuajr jyuajrj jj shfhoomdbjr hf SFO kmskd quh phrkmtmrêb hf odbtrdf ahf smsthkj ah fj kêqumbj mbyhotdrj.
_h rhodkmhbaj shfhoomdbjr fj pjbtjffj GKM, hf SFO y hf sdntwjrh ah prd`rjkjomÿb ah fj kmskj kjroj yj quh njomfmtjrê fj trjbsnhrhbomj ahf prd`rjkj, jahkês phrkmth fj odkubmojomÿb hbtrh fds hfhkhbtds jbthrmdrkhbth khbomdbjads.
Bd dfvmajr prd`rjkjr fjs prdthoomdbhs bhohsjrmjs quh rhqumhrh hf dphrjadr jf kdkhbtd ah mbthrjotujr odb fj kêqumbj.
Hb hf sms smsthk thkj j ah pdt pdthbo hbomj mj odf odfdoj dojrr `uj `ujraj raj-kd -kdtdr tdr d irh irhjlh jlhrr ahp ahphba hbamhb mhbad ad ahf odbsukd ah odrrmhbth ahf kdtdr jf kdkhbtd ah shr joomdbjrfd, hstd phrkmtmrê fj prdthoomÿb odbtrj fjs sdirhojr`js d fds odrtdomroumtds.
_h rhodkmhbaj rhodkmhbaj prd`rj prd`rjkjr kjr pjsd j pjsd odb fj kêqumb kêqumbj j joomdbjaj joomdbjaj d hb hehouomÿb yj quh sh pdarê dishrvjr sm fj shouhbomj ahf omofd ah trjijed hs odrrhotj, ubj vhz thrkmbjaj fj prd`rjkjomÿb rhjfmzjr fj odkubmojomÿb SFO y GKM.
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