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QUANTIT QUANTITY Y THEORY OF MONEY MONEY AND BANKING
RISHABH SINGH B.A, L.L.B 201290
TABLE OF INDEX INTRODUCTION QUANTITY THEORY OF MONEY QTM IN A NUTSHELL THE THEORY’S CALCULATION MONEY SUPPLY, INFLATION AND MONETARISM MONETARISM AND QUANTITY THEORY OF MONEY THE QUANTITATIVE THEORY OF MONEY MEASURING THE MONEY SUPPLY SUPPLY SIDE POLICIES KEYNESIAN AND QUANTITY THEORY OF MONEY POST KENEYSIAN NEW KEYNESIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY
ACKNOWLEDEGEMENT
I, Rishabh !"#$ #i%& '! 'a%& 'his !((!)'"*i'+ '! 'ha*% D) Raa-ha*$)")$" /a-"#'+ !/ &-!*!i-s /!) h(i* a*$ "i$i* & i* -!(#&'i* + ()!&-'.
I !"#$ a#s! #i%& '! 'ha*% !") 3i-&45ha*-#!), 6)!/ .R.G.B. Bha7a'h K"a) a*$ !") R&is')a), 6)!/.6.S"$ha%a), /!) i7i* & 'his !((!)'"*i'+ '! $! a $&'ai#&$ s'"$+ !* 'h& ")ba* s!-ia# ()!b#&s. Las'#+ I !"#$ #i%& '! 'ha*% + /)i&*$s /!) 'h&i) &//i-i&*' h( a*$ -!4!(&)a'i!* i* h(i* & -!(#&'& + ()!&-' !)%
INTRODUCTION
This ()!&-' )&s&a)-h $&a#s i'h 'h& 8"a*'i'a'i7& 'h&!)+ !/ !*&+ hi-h i7&s a* i$&a ab!"' 'his (a)'i-"#a) a)&a !/ &-!*!i-s. Th& -!*-&(' !/ 'h& Q"a*'i'+ Th&!)+ !/ M!*&+ QTM b&a* i* 'h& 1'h -&*'")+. As !#$ a*$ si#7&) i*/#!s /)! 'h& A&)i-as i*'! E")!(& &)& b&i* i*'&$ i*'! -!i*s, 'h&)& as a )&s"#'i* )is& i* i*/#a'i!*. This #&$ &-!*!is' H&*)+ Th!)*'!* i* 1:02 '! ass"& 'ha' !)& !*&+ &8"a#s !)& i*/#a'i!* a*$ 'ha' a* i*-)&as& i* !*&+ s"((#+ $!&s *!' *&-&ssa)i#+ &a* a* i*-)&as& i* &-!*!i- !"'("'. H&)& & #!!% a' 'h& ass"('i!*s a*$ -a#-"#a'i!*s "*$&)#+i* 'h& QTM, as # as i's )a'i!*shi( '! !*&'a)is a*$ a+s 'h& 'h&!)+ has b&&* -ha##&*&$. Th& 8"a*'i'+ 'h&!)+ !/ !*&+ s'a'&s 'ha' 'h&)& is a $i)&-' )a'i!*shi( b&'&&* 'h& 8"a*'i'+ !/ !*&+ i* a* &-!*!+ a*$ 'h& #&7 !/ ()i-&s !/ !!$s a*$ s&)7i-&s s!#$. A--!)$i* '! QTM, i/ 'h& a!"*' !/ !*&+ i* a* &-!*!+ $!"b#&s, ()i-& #&7s a#s! $!"b#&, -a"si* i*/#a'i!* 'h& (&)-&*'a& )a'& a' hi-h 'h& #&7 !/ ()i-&s is )isi* i* a* &-!*!+. Th& -!*s"&) 'h&)&/!)& (a+s 'i-& as "-h /!) 'h& sa& a!"*' !/ 'h& !!$ !) s&)7i-&. Li%& !s' 'hi*s i* &-!*!i-s, 'h&)& is a a)%&' /!) !*&+. Th& s"((#+ !/ !*&+ i* 'h& !*&+ a)%&' -!&s /)! 'h& F&$. Th& F&$ has 'h& (!&) '! a$"s' 'h& !*&+ s"((#+ b+ i*-)&asi* !) $&-)&asi* 'h& *"b&) !/ bi##s i* -i)-"#a'i!*. N!b!$+ s& -a* a%& 'his (!#i-+ $&-isi!*. Th& $&a*$ /!) !*&+ i* 'h& !*&+ a)%&' -!&s /)! -!*s"&)s. Th& s-!(& !/ 'his ()!&-' &;'&*$s '! 'h& !*&+ s"((#+ i* 'h& a)%&', h! !*&+ s"((#+ a//&-'s 'h& &-!*!+ a*$ -!*')!#s i*/#a'i!* a*$ $&/#a'i!*, 'his ()!&-' i## h( '! "*$&)s'a*$ 'h& a+s b+ hi-h a* &-!*!+ is !7&)*&$ a*$ $)i7&*. A b)i&/ a*a#+sis !/ &a-h a*$ &7&)+ (a)' !/ 8"a*'i'+ 'h&!)+ !/ !*&+ is $is-"ss&$ i* 'h& ()!&-' !)%. E//&-'i7& &as")&s i'h s"&s'i!*s a*$ )&-!&*$a'i!* a)& i7&* i* 'his ()!&-' /!) 'h& b&''&) "*$&)s'a*$i* !/ 'h& '!(i-.
QUANTITY THEORY OF MONEY
Th& -!*-&(' !/ 'h& Q"a*'i'+ Th&!)+ !/ M!*&+ QTM b&a* i* 'h& 1 'h -&*'")+. As !#$ a*$ si#7&) i*/#!s /)! 'h& A&)i-as i*'! E")!(& &)& b&i* i*'&$ i*'! -!i*s, 'h&)& as a )&s"#'i* )is& i* i*/#a'i!*. This #&$ &-!*!is' H&*)+ Th!)*'!* i* 1:02 '! ass"& 'ha' !)& !*&+ &8"a#s !)& i*/#a'i!* a*$ 'ha' a* i*-)&as& i* !*&+ s"((#+ $!&s *!' *&-&ssa)i#+ &a* a* i*-)&as& i* &-!*!i- !"'("'. H&)& & #!!% a' 'h& ass"('i!*s a*$ -a#-"#a'i!*s "*$&)#+i* 'h& QTM, as # as i's )a'i!*shi( '! !*&'a)is a*$ a+s 'h& 'h&!)+ has b&&* -ha##&*&$. QTM IN A NUTSHELL
Th& 8"a*'i'+ 'h&!)+ !/ !*&+ s'a'&s 'ha' 'h&)& is a $i)&-' )a'i!*shi( b&'&&* 'h& 8"a*'i'i&s !/ !*&+ i* a* &-!*!+ a*$ 'h& #&7 !/ ()i-&s !/ !!$s a*$ s&)7i-&s s!#$. A--!)$i* '! 'h& 8"a*'i'+ 'h&!)+ !/ !*&+, i/ 'h& a!"*' !/ !*&+ i* a* &-!*!+ $!"b#&s, ()i-& #&7s a#s! $!"b#&, -a"si* i*/#a'i!*. Th& -!*s"&) 'h&)&/!)& (a+s 'i-& as "-h /!) 'h& sa& a!"*' !/ 'h& !!$s !) s&)7i-&.
A*!'h&) a+ '! "*$&)s'a*$ 'his 'h&!)+ is '! )&-!*is a)i*a# 7a#"&.
THE THEORY’S CALCULATION
I* si(#& /!), 'h& 'h&!)+ is
M3 ? 6T THE FISHER EQUATION
Ea-h 7a)iab#&s $&*!'&s 'h& /!##!i* =
M ? !*&+ s"((#+ 3 ? 7!-i'+ !/ -i)-"#a'i!* 6 ? a7&)a& ()i-& #&7 T ? 7!#"& !/ ')a*sa-'i!*s !/ !!$s a*$ s&)7i-&s
Th& !)ii*a# 'h&!)+ as -!*si$&)&$ !)'h!$!; a!* 1@ 'h -&*'")+ -#assi-a# &-!*!is's a*$ as !7&)ha"#&$ b+ 20'h -&*'")+ &-!*!is' i)7i* /ish&), h! /!)"#a'&$ 'h& ab!7& &8"a'i!*, a*$ Mi#'!* F)i&$a*.
I' is b"i#' !* 'h& ()i*-i(#& !/ &8"a'i!* !/ &;-ha*&.
AMOUNT OF MONEY C3ELO5ITY OF 5IR5ULATION ? TOTAL S6ENDING
Th"s i/ a* &-!*!+ has US , a*$ 'h!s& &)& s(&*' 'i&s i* a !*'h, '!'a# s(&*$i* /!) 'h& !*'h !"#$ b& 1.
QTM ASSUM6TION
QTM a$$s ass"('i!* '! 'h& #!i- !/ 'h& &8"a'i!* !/ &;-ha*&.i* i's !s' basi- /!), 'h& 'h&!)+ ass"&s 'ha' 7!-i'+ a*$ 7!#"& !/ ')a*sa-'i!*s a)& -!*s'a*' i* 'h& sh!)' '&). Th&s& ass"('i!* h!&7&), ha7& b&&* -)i'i-i i$&a as a--")a'&.
MONETARISM AND QUANTITY THEORY OF MONEY Th& basi- !/ !*&'a)is Th& %&+ /&a'")&s !/ !*&'a)is' 'h&!)+ a)& as /!##!s= •
Th& ai* -a"s& !/ i*/#a'i!* is a* &;-&ss s"((#+ !/ !*&+ #&a$i* '! i* 'h& !)$s !/ !*&'a)is' &-!*!is' Mi#'!* F)i&$a*, '!! "-h !*&+ -hasi* '!! /& !!$s. & i## s&& )a(hi-a##+
• •
h! 'his -a* #&a$ '! a b"i#$"( !/ i*/#a'i!*a)+ ()&ss")& i* a* &-!*!+. Tih' -!*')!# !/ !*&+ a*$ -)&$i' is )&8"i)&$ '! ai*'ai* ()i-& s'abi#i'+. A''&('s b+ 'h& !7&)*&*' '! "s& /is-a# a*$ !*&'a)+ (!#i-+ '! /i*&4'"*& 'h& )a'& !/ )!'h !/ a)&a'& $&a*$ a)& !/'&* -!s'#+ a*$ i*&//&-'i7&. Fis-a# (!#i-+ has a )!#& '! (#a+ i* s'abi#is &a)*i*s, a*$ h&* 'ha' (&)s!* s(&*$s h&) &a)*i*s sh& is, i* &//&-', s"((!)'i* a*!'h&)>s &a)*i*s. This -i)-#& -!*'i*"&s !* a*$ h(s s"((!)' a *!)a# /"*-'i!*i* &-!*!+. h&* 'h& G)&a' D&()&ssi!* hi', (&!(#&s *a'")a# )&a-'i!* as '! h!a)$ 'h&i) !*&+. U*$&) K&+*&s 'h&!)+ 'his s'!((&$ 'h& -i)-"#a) /#! !/ !*&+, %&&(i* 'h& &-!*!+ a' a s'a*$s'i##. K&+*&s s!#"'i!* '! 'his (!!) &-!*!i- s'a'& as '! ()i& 'h& ("(. B+ ()i& 'h& ("(, K&+*&s a)"&$ 'ha' 'h& !7&)*&*' sh!"#$ s'&( i* '! i*-)&as& s(&*$i*, &i'h&) b+ i*-)&asi* 'h& !*&+ s"((#+ !) b+ a-'"a##+ b"+i* 'hi*s !* 'h& a)%&' i's/. D")i* 'h& G)&a' D&()&ssi!*, h!&7&), 'his as *!' a (!("#a) s!#"'i!*. I' is sai$, h!&7&), 'ha' 'h& assi7& $&/&*s& s(&*$i* 'ha' U*i'&$ S'a'&s 6)&si$&*' F)a*%#i* Da*! R!!s&7' i*i'ia'&$ h(&$ )&7i7& 'h& US &-!*!+. Si*-& K&+*&sia* &-!*!i-s a$7!-a'&s /!) 'h& ("b#i- s&-'!) '! s'&( i* '! assis' 'h& &-!*!+ &*&)a##+, i' is a si*i/i-a*' $&(a)'")& /)! (!("#a) &-!*!i- 'h!"h' hi-h ()&-&$&$ i' #aiss&
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