Eco Paper
September 15, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Eco-paper: Derived from Banana Fiber Chapter I The Problem
1.1 Introduction In recent years, people have focused on forest preservaon and nding a raonal way to use agricultural and forest residues. This trend is caused by the rapid increase in consum con sumpo pon n of wood wood ber-b ber-base ased d produc products, ts, which which may may result result in an illega illegall loggin logging g acvity due to decreasing permied wood resources. Addionally, the use of cellulose b ber er from from th the e fore forest st and and agri agricu cult ltur ural al re resi sidu dues es ha hass many many ad adva vant ntag ages es,, such such as enviro env ironm nment ental al fri friend endlin liness ess,, recyc recyclab labilit ility, y, and and low cost cost or even even free free raw mater material ial ( Subagyo and Chamidz). Banana plant (scienc name: Musa acuminate) not only gives the delicious fruit but it also provides texle ber, the banana ber. It grows easily as it sets out young shoots and is most commonly found in hot tropical climates. All variees of banana plants have bers in abundance. These bers are obtained aer the fruit is harvested and fall in the group of bast bers. Aer the fruit producon, the trunk of the banana plantt like the plan
pseudostem pseudostem is thrown thrown as agricultu agricultural ral waste waste to a great great extent. extent. These
pseudostems can be eecvely ulized in producon of the banana bers as, annually; about 1.5 million tons of dry banana bers can be produced from the outer sheath of ps pseu eudo dost stem em.. Biom Biomas asss (p (pse seud udos oste tem) m) wast waste, e, a ri rich ch sour source ce of na natu tura rall ber berss th the e pseudostem can be protably ulized for numerous applicaons and preparaon of various products (Vigneswaran.,et.al).
Different varieties of paper products that have been produced everyday. Therefore,
the researcher aims to make another type of paper product which is made out of banana fibers. The researcher presume for an ordinary paper that might be better than standard type type of pa pape perr prod produc ucts ts.. This This prod product uct may may be th thee so solu luti tion on to co comb mbat at th thee va vari riou ouss environmental issues the world has been facing up to this time. Banana paper can be made from fibers that are left over from the processing of bananas. The long sinuous fibers are formed into a paper that is highly distinctive. This type of handmade paper refers to as “ecopaper" as the paper uses fibers that go into the waste system. Banana
Eco-paper: Derived from Banana Fiber paper will be extremely textured and can make an interesting addition to stamping, and scrap booking projects. (Espejo, 2014).
1.2 Conceptual Framework
Banana Fiber from the
Converng into an eco-paper
Factors that aects the product's quality
Low-High quality Eco-paper
Banana Bark
Benecial to the dierent sectors
Non-benecial to the dierent sectors
The Conceptual Framework shows the main component in producing an eco-paper
which is the Banana Fiber. The process of making an eco-paper paper and the factors that affects its quality quality can produce an eco-paper that the quality is ranging from from low to high. This Th is produ product ct co coul uld d be be bene nefi fici cial al to the the diff differ eren entt se sect ctor orss or mayb maybee no not. t. The The fl flow ow introduces the banana fiber and the product it can produce and the future contribution of the product after the production.
Generally, Generally, the eco-paper eco-paper and the factors factors that can affect affect its quality quality as well as its
future contributions to the the different sectors will be the the main focus of this study.
1.3 Statement of the problem
The researcher researcher aims to resolve resolve the study regarding regarding with the production production of an
Ecopaper that derived from the banana fiber (Musa).
Specifically, the researcher needs to gather some information to answer this sequent:
1.What are the factors that can affect the quality of producing an eco-paper, namely: (1.1) texture
Eco-paper: Derived from Banana Fiber (1.2) durability 2.What would be the contribution of this product in relevance to the: (2.1) consumers (2.2) environment (2.3) livelihood 3.How does it differ to the standard type of paper products that we usually co consume? nsume? 1.4 Hypothesis
Eco paper would be a piece of material which can contribute significance to the environment
Producing a high quality eco-paper would be difficult to make and takes time to complete the process
The quality of the product measures its contributions to the different sectors
1.5 Purpose of the Study
The researcher researcher wants wants to terminate terminate the continuous cutting cutting down of trees as it can
cause harm to the environment. Addressing the importance of preserving our natural resources by using an ecopaper. Let the consumers use a less-expensive and environment friendly frie ndly products that can be guaranteed guaranteed with it’s quality quality and uniqueness. Substitute Substitute the term waste into an important waste by making banana waste as a component material in producing a paper product.
1.6 Significance of the study
This study obtained obtained to analyzed analyzed the impact of banana fiber as a main substance substance to
cake an ecopaper. This study may be help and beneficial to the following:
To the consumers – This study may give them such an opportunity to try something
different when
it comes on having paper materials. It could be an odd item for them
to use which may give them excitement and desire in writing with these sheets of p paper. aper.
To the environment – This study may be a solution to combat the issue regarding
to deforestation. It might also be the help in preserving the natural habitat of the animals through the termination of cutting down tons of trees everyday.
Eco-paper: Derived from Banana Fiber
To the future researchers researchers – The conduct conduct of this this study study can contribut contributee some
signif sig nifica icance nce to the future future resear researche chers. rs. It can provid providee knowle knowledge dge and other other rel releva evant nt information. This study may also be an another type of resource that can be modified and be a piece to make another research possible.
To the readers readers – This study helps the readers to digest further information and
become a medium in gathering data. The readers may able to see the bigger picture of a curiosity curio sity that can be convert into a solution solution as well as a weapon against world issues issues specifically, deforestation or harmful cutting down of trees.
1.7 Scope and Delimitation
This study will determine the potential of a Banana Fiber to make Ecopaper
possible. Its goal is to gather some data and information that will support the process through experimentation. The consumers would would be the main target to gain benefits benefits when the study would be totally finished. To make this product successful, the study must cope up for weeks. For the best process, it is best to do it at the school laboratory, because all the materials and equipments needed are mostly found in the given area. This study is basically produced to see and prove that banana fibers are also alternatives to make paper products. 1.8 Definition of Terms
Bacnis Bacnis - a method used for extraction the banana fiber where, the trunks are
pulled apart and the sheath separated according to their position in the stalk.
Banana Fiber - a type of fiber that came inside a banana plant. Banana Bark - is the part of the banana plant that covers the whole body of its
structure.
Blender - a device used to mix and refine things that can only be placed inside of it.
Cake - a verb which is a substitution of the word “to create", “to make", or “to
produce".
Deforestation - is the cutting down of old grown trees in a large area.
Eco-paper: Derived from Banana Fiber
Durability - is the attribute or the characteristic of an objects that measure on how
long it takes.
p aper products where the materials being used are termed as Ecopaper – refers to a paper
environmental friendly.
of extractio extraction n method where where the tuxies are pulled off the stalk Loenit - a type of
from one sheath at a time.
a rich source of banana fibers; the branch of the banana plant where Pseudostems – a
the old grown leaves can be found.
Pulp – is the product formed after blending the boiled banana fiber. Has a slimy
texture.
Sinuous – a a structure structure of an object which which is more likely likely the same on spiral spiral and
zigzag form.
Texture – the sense of touching the surface of an object.
Chapter II Literature Review
Eco-paper is better for the environment than virgin paper. It helps preserves
forests, because it reduces demand for wood. It conserves resources and generates less pollution during the production.
The Banana Plant
Eco-paper: Derived from Banana Fiber
According to Subagyo and Chafidz, the banana plant, Musa paradisiaca, is the
world's largest herbaceous perennial plant and belongs to the family Musaceae. It is grown for it's fleshy, curved banana fruit. The plant is tall, tropical and tree-like with a sturdy main pseudostem (not a true stem as it is made of rolled leaf bases) with the leaves arranged spirally at the top. The leaves are large blades with a pronounced central midrib and obvious veins. They can reach up to 2.7 m (8.9 ft) in length and up to 0.6 m (2.0 ft) in width. Each pseudostem produces a group of flowers which may also be called the 'banana heart' from which the fruits develop in an hanging cluster. The banana fruits are comprised of a protective outer layer, or skin, with numerous long, thin strings that run between the skin and the edible inner portion. The seeds are tiny black specks running through the center of the fruit. In commercial plantations, the parent banana plant dies after harvest and is replaced with a daughter plant. However, a plantation can grow for 25 years or more if managed properly. The trees can reach heights between 2 and 9 m (6.6– 29.5 ft). Bananas may also be referred to as plantains and the cultivated varieties are derived from ancestors which originated from the Malaysian peninsula, New Guinea and South-East SouthEast Asia. Ba Bana nanas nas are widely widely produc produced ed an and d abunda abundant nt na natur tural al resour resources ces in tropical and subtropical countries in the world. The banana plants are considered as one of the world’s most useful plants. Almost all the parts of this plant, for example, fruit, peel, leaf, pseudo-stem, stalk, and inorescence (ower), can be ulized. They are used in several food and non-food-related applicaons, for example, as thickener, colorant and avori avoring, ng, macro macro-- and and micromicro-nut nutrien rientt source source,, liv livest estock ock feed, feed, bers, bers, bioac bioacve ve compound source, and organic ferlizers . The banana leaf is frequently used in food processing (in some countries, e.g., Indonesia), food esthec, food packaging, etc. The banana fruit itself is one of the most popular fruits and important diet due to its high nutrional content thus it becomes a valuable commodity all around the world. The banana pseudo-stem has also been considered for use as pulp and paper raw material, berr for texle be texles, s, and and ll ller er or struct structura urall reinfo reinforce rcemen mentt in compos composite itess mater material ials]. s]. Addionally, all parts of the banana plant have some medical added values, such as the owerr can be cooked owe cooked and consumed consumed by diabecs diabecs,, bronchis bronchis,, dysenter dysentery, y, and ulcer paents. The banana pseudo-stem sap can be orally taken or externally applied for
Eco-paper: Derived from Banana Fiber sngs and bites. The young leaf can be used for skin irritaons (as a poulce). The roots, ashes of leaves, peels, and seeds also can be used for medicinal purposes in some countries. In recent years, banana fruits have been the fourth most important fruit crop produced in the world.
Banana Fiber
Based on the journal of the TextileShool, banana ber is a natural ber
with wi th hi high gh st stren rengt gth, h, wh whic ich h ca can n be bl blen ende ded d ea easi sily ly wi with th co cott tton on b ber er or ot othe herr synthetic bers to produce blended fabric & textiles. Banana Fiber also nds use in high-quality security/ currency paper, packing cloth for agriculture produce, ships towing ropes, wet drilling cables etc. Banana ber, a lignocellulosic ber, obtained from the pseudo-stem of banana plant (Musa sepientum), is a bast ber with relatively good mechanical properties. Plant bers are sclerenchymatous cells with heavily lignied cell walls having a narrow lumen in cross section. Fiber cells are dead at maturity and serve as a support tissue. Natural bers possess severa sev erall adv advant antage agess ove overr syn synthe thetic tic be bers rs suc such h as low den densit sity, y, app approp ropria riate te stiffness and mechanical properties and also high disposability and renewability. Also, they are recyclable and biodegradable. Banana bers can be used for various purposes such as in textile, paper or handicrafts industry. Banana paper is versatile as it is waterproof and stronger than wood-pulp paper, meaning it can be used in packaging and even as a basis for building materials.
There are two methods for extraction of Banana ber, namely Bacnis
method and Loenit method.
1. In the Bac Bacnis nis metho method, d, Banana Banana Fib Fiber er is pro produc duced ed from the waste waste sta stalk lk of Banana plant. The outer sheath is tightly covered layers of ber. The ber is located primarily adjacent to the outer surface of the sheath and can be
Eco-paper: Derived from Banana Fiber
peeled-off readily in ribbons of strips of 5 to 8 cm wide and 2-4 mm thick, the entire length of the sheath. 2. This strippi stripping ng process process is known known as tuxying the the strips being being called called tuxies. tuxies. Two methods methods of tux tuxyin ying g are emp employ loyed ed in the Philippi Philippines nes.. In the rs rstt method called Bacnis method, the trunks are pulled apart and the sheath separated according to their position in the stalk. They are then attened and the ber is stripped from the stem by cutting the pulpy portion and pulling away from the tuxy. 3. In the Loenit Loenit method, method, the the tuxies tuxies are pulled pulled off the the stalk stalk from one one sheath sheath at a time. In either of these methods, tuxies are tied into bundles of 23 to 27 kg and brought to the stripping knife for cleaning. In this process, tuxies are pulled under a knife blade, which is pressed tightly against the tuxy in order to scrape away the plant tissue between the bers. The clean ber is then air dried and made up into bundles for subsequent grading and bailing. 4. In additio addition n to hand strippi stripping, ng, machin machines es are used where where the tru trunks nks from from which the dark outer sheaths have been removed, are cut into sections of 120 to 180 cm in length. The sections are then crushed between rolls and the pulpy tissues are scraped away, one half the length at a time, by two plarge revolving drums, the rim of which is tted with scrapping blade which scrapes the sheath while it is pressed against a bed plate, oven dried, graded and baled.
Chapter III Methodology 3.1 Research Design
Eco-paper: Derived from Banana Fiber
This study will be using an experimental research method which tends to be the
choice in order to seek out out informaon to answer the quesons quesons being imposed in the study. The said research method will be used to recognize the banana ber as a main source in the producon of an ecopaper.
3.2 Locale of the Study
The incepon of this study will be at Agay Naonal High School Science
Laboratory, a public high school located at Barangay 2, Purok 3, Remedios Trinidad Romualdez, Agusan del Norte. An esmated of 600 meters away from the Naonal Highway.
3.3 Data Gathering Procedure
The following steps will be the sequence that the researchers should act in
order to gather the data.
Brainstorm of a factors that can aect the quality of the product
The process should should be performed and and do trial and extensions on the amount of materials being needed in every steps of the producon
List down all the possible results of every trials performed
3.4 Data Analysis
Eco-paper: Derived from Banana Fiber The following gure below will be the observaon of the factors that can aects the quality of producing an eco-paper:
Table 1. The number of hours the banana bers being dried in a relavely high temperature
Trials
No. of
Amount of
Time of
Amount of
the banana ber 50g
boiling
pulp
1
hour/s being dried 7 hours
5 hours
13g
2
8 hours
50g
5 hours
13g
3
9 hours
50g
5 hours
13g
Trials
Amount of the banana ber 50g
Time of boiling
Amount of pulp
1
No. of hour/s being dried 7 hours
5 hours
13g
2
7 hours
50g
6 hours
13g
3
7 hours
50g
7 hours
13g
Trials
Amount of the Banana Fiber 50g
Time of boiling
Amount of pulp
1
No. of hour/s being dried 7 hours
5 hours
13g
2
7 hours
60g
5 hours
13g
3
7 hours
70g
5 hours
13g
Table 2. The amount of banana bers used
Result
Result
Result
Eco-paper: Derived from Banana Fiber Trials
Amount of the banana ber 50g
Time of boiling
Amount of pulp
1
No. of hour/s being dried 7 hours
5 hours
13g
2
7 hours
50g
5 hours
17g
3
7 hours
50g
5 hours
21g
Table 4. The amount of pulp used in producing the product
Result
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