Ecm

ESRM3207: Environmental Economics 1. Concepts and Systems of environmental economics

2Credit

Definition and types of economic system Price determination and resource allocation Markets and regulatory approaches of national income Environmental protection and its macro-economic consequences. 2. The Economy and the Environment Natural Resource Economics The Fundamental Balance The Environment as an Economic and Social Asset The relationship between economic growth, population and environmental quality 3. The benefits and costs of environment Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Benefit-Cost Analysis Environmental decision making- public policy development Environmental risk analysis for environmental decision-making, Environment, Economics and Politics 4. The Economics of Environmental Quality  Pollution Control—A General Model  Pollution Damages  Abatement Costs  The Efficient Level of Emissions  Enforcement Costs 5. The Economics of Enforcement: Environmental Taxes and Green tax Reform Incentive-Based Strategies: Emission Charges Abatement Subsidies 6. Institutional strengthening and Capacity Building Policies: Liability Laws, Property Rights and Moral Suasion Command and Control Strategies

The Economics of Standards Recommended references Callan SJ and Thomas JM (1996) Environmental Economics and Management. Irwin Inc Co Mather AS and Chapman K (1995) Environmental Resources. Longman

ESRM 2109: Bio- Statistics 3Credit 01. General introduction 02. Presentation of data. 2.1 Introduction, 2.2 Types of data, tabulation of data, frequency and frequency distribution of frequency distribution table 03. Graphical Representation 3.1 Introduction of graph, types of graphs 04. Measures of Central Tendency 05. Measures of dispersion 5.1 Introduction, different types of dispersion 06. Moments, Skewness and Kurtosis 6.1 Introduction, Definition and types of Skewness and Kurtosis, Absolute and relative measures of Skewness, Measures of Kurtosis, Use of Moments in Skewness and Kurtosis 07. Correlations and Regression: 7.1 Correlation: Coefficient of correlation, Simple correlation, Rank correlation, Coefficient of determination 7.2 Regression: Regression coefficient, Simple regression, multiple regression, Polynomial Regression 7.3 Use of regression and correlation analysis: Limitations and Errors 08. Probability Distribution: 8.1 Basic concept of probability, Related mathematics, Elementary Probability and Conditional probability 8.2 Probability distribution, Random variable & Expected value in Decision-making 8.3 Properties, constants and significance of Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution and Normal distribution 09. Sampling: 9.1 Introduction to sampling, population and sample, types of sampling- Judgment sampling and Probability sampling 9.2 Random sampling: simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and there uses, Sample estimates and its variances, Standard errors of estimates, Sampling and non-sampling errors 10. Basic ideas of test:

10.1. Introduction: hypothesis, null hypothesis, alterative hypothesis, level of significance, confidence limit 10.2. ‘t’ distribution, properties of ‘t’ distribution application of ‘t’ distribution, ‘t’ tests 10.3. The x2 distribution, constants of x2 distribution, x2test, conditions for applying x2 tests, uses of x2 tests 10.4. The distribution, some special characteristics of F distribution, application of F tests, Analysis of variance. Assumption of analysis of variance, techniques of analysis of variance, techniques of analysis of variance one way classification models for ANOVA 11. Experimental design: 11.1. Introduction, Phases of experimental design 11.2. Randomized block design 11.3. The Latin square design 12. Test of significance: 12.1. Introduction, hypothesis, null hypothesis, alternate hypothesis, level of significance, One tailed and two tailed test, power of a test, construction of confidence intervals. 12.2. Special applications: Tests about means, proportions & correlation coefficient, Test of goodness of fit, independence & homogeneity, Test in regression analysis 13. Non-parametric tests: Introduction, advantage of non-parametric tests, rank sum test, Mann-Whitney test, Spearman’s rank Correlation, Kolmogorov-Smirnov sample test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test 14. Time series and forecasting: 14.1. Introduction, Utility and components of time series analysis, measurements of trends, Graphic method, methods of semi-averages, methods of moving average, the methods of least squares, second degree parabola, exponential trends, growth curves, measurement of seasonal variations Recommended readings: 01. Methods of statistics, by GM Mustafa 02. Research methodology and statistical techniques, by S Gupta 04. Statistical for management, by RI Levin and DS Rubin 05. Designs and analysis of experiments, by DC Montgomery 06. Fundamentals of bio-statistics (biometry), by S Prasad, 1992 07. Statistics methods in biology, by Norman and Bailey, 1995 08.

Biometry, by RR Sokal and FJ Rohlf, 1981

ESRM1207: Basic Mathematics 1. Algebra

2 Credits

1.1 Set Theory: sets, subsets, null sets, universal sets, power set, Venn-diagrams,

union, intersection, difference, complements, disjoint sets. 1.2 Theory of Equations: Relation between roots and coefficient, solution of equations, formation of equation, Descartes rule of sign. 1.3 Matrix: Definition of matrix, types of matrices, addition, subtraction and multiplication of matrices, adjoint matrix, inverse matrix, solution of linear equations by matrix. 2. Differential Calculus: Functions, exponential functions, logarithmic functions, graphs of functions, limit and continuity, derivative, successive differentiations, Rolle's theorem, Mean value theorem and Taylor's theorem

3. Integral Calculus: Integration of functions, definite integrals, application of integrals, improper integral

4. Vector Analysis: Vector and scalar, law of vector algebra, gradient, divergent, and curl of a vector, Green's theorem, divergence theorem.

Recommended References: 1. Set Theory - S. Lipschutz 2. Linear Algebra - Md. Abdur Rahman 3. Differential Calculus - M..A. Matin & B. B. Chakrarvarty 4. Integral Calculus - M. A. Matin & B. B. Chakrarvarty

5. Differential Equation - S. L. Ross 6. Vector Analysis - M. R. Spiegel