ECDIS Hand-outs 2

The Operational Use of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS)

Part 1 – Legal Aspects, History and Regulations

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Objective To enhance navigational safety by the safe operation of ECDIS equipment, proper use of ECDIS related information and knowledge of the limitations of ECDIS equipment.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Legal Aspects and Requirements The STCW and ISM Codes put the responsibility firmly on the shipowner to ensure that mariners on their vessels are competent to carry out the duties they are expected to perform.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Legal Aspects and Requirements If a ship is fitted with ECDIS, the shipowner has a duty to ensure that users of such a system are properly trained in the operation and use of electronic charts and are familiar with the shipboard equipment before using it operationally at sea.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

STCW 95 Table A-II/1 Navigation at the Operational Level Thorough knowledge of and ability to use navigational charts and publications, such as sailing directions, tide tables, notices to mariners, radio navigational warnings and ship’s routeing information Note: ECDIS systems are considered to be included under the term “charts” ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 2 - Definitions Nautical chart or nautical publication is a specialpurpose map or book, or a specially compiled database from which such a map or book is derived, that is issued officially by or on the authority of a Government, authorized Hydrographic Office or other relevant government institution and is designed to meet the requirements of marine navigation. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 19 – Carriage Requirements 2.1 All ships irrespective of size shall have: 2.1.4 nautical charts and nautical publications to plan and display the ship’s route for the intended voyage and to plot and monitor positions throughout the voyage; an Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) may be accepted as meeting the chart carriage requirements of this subparagraph; ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 19 – Carriage Requirements 2.1.5 back-up arrangements to meet the functional requirements of subparagraph 2.1.4, if this function is partly or fully fulfilled by electronic means.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 19 – Carriage Requirements PAPER CHARTS ECDIS ECDIS ECDIS

+ + +

PAPER CHARTS ECDIS CHART RADAR

“Chart-Radar” is a radar-based system meeting the IMO Performance Standards of IMO Resolution A.477 (XII), as amended by MSC.64(67) ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 19 – Carriage Requirements In cases where ECDIS only is used, you MUST carry “Official Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC’s)” on board. Official ENC’s are produced by the National Hydrographic Offices in each country. In areas where ENC’s are not available, ECDIS may operate in the Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) mode. In the RCDS mode Raster Navigational Charts (RNC’s) can be used to meet SOLAS carriage requirements, only if allowed and approved by the flag state. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 19 – Carriage Requirements Due to the limitations of RNC’s as compared to ENC’s, IMO Performance Standards require that “an appropriate portfolio of up-to-date paper charts” be carried when operating ECDIS in the RCDS mode of operation. In areas where ENC’s or RNC’s are not available, ships must carry all paper charts necessary for the intended voyage.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Appropriate Portfolio Appropriate Portfolio of up-to-date paper Charts (APC) means a suite of paper charts of a scale to show sufficient detail of topography, depths, navigational hazards, aids to navigation, charted routes, and routeing measures to provide the mariner with information on the overall navigational environment. The APC should provide adequate look-ahead capability. Coastal States will provide details of the charts which meet the requirement of this portfolio, and these details are included in a worldwide database maintained by the IHO. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 27 – Nautical Charts & Nautical Publications Nautical charts and nautical publications, such as sailing directions, lists of lights, notices to mariners, tide tables and all other nautical publications necessary for the intended voyage, shall be adequate and up to date.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

•

History of ECDIS 1982 - Japanese fishing vessels started using video plotters

•

1984 - More than 2000 were in use mostly on tankers

•

Computers became more powerful and cheaper

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

History of ECDIS Several manufacturers were now developing electronic chart systems, it was of immediate importance to all concerned to have at least a first draft of the IHO and IMO guidance for both the Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) and it’s display systems (ECDIS).

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

History of ECDIS • 1986 - The IMO, IHO, IEC and several other International organizations form committees and working groups to develop standards for ECDIS. • The IHO establish a Committee on ECDIS (COE) which later became called the Committee on Hydrographic Requirements for Information Systems (CHRIS). ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

History of ECDIS

• 1987 - The IHO/COE developed the first draft standards for chart content, display & updating (S-52) and also the transfer standard for digital hydrographic data (S-57). • 1989 - The IMO/IHO Harmonization Group on ECDIS (HGE) developed draft performance standards for ECDIS based around IHO’s standards for electronic chart content and display (S-52) and digital hydrographic data (S-57). ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

History of ECDIS • 1990 – The DX-90 Data Exchange Standard is developed primarily by NOAA. • 1992 – The IHO officially adopt S-57 as the Hydrographic Data Transfer Standard at the 14th International Hydrographic Conference in May 1992.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

History of ECDIS • 1993 - The IMO Sub-Committee on the Safety of Navigation (NAV) endorse the Provisional Performance Standards for ECDIS and submit to the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) for approval and submission to the 1995 IMO Assembly for adoption.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

IMO Resolution A.817(19) IMO Performance Standards for Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) Adopted on 23rd November 1995 by IMO Resolution A.817(19) Consists of 15 sections and 5 Appendix

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

S-57 Hydrographic Data Transfer Standard

• 1996 - The DX-90 data transfer standard was transformed into S-57 and released as Edition 3.0 in November 1996.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Resolution MSC.64(67) In 1996 IMO Resolution A.817(19) was amended by Resolution MSC.64(67) This Resolution added a new appendix to the annex to Resolution A.817(19) Appendix 6 - Back-Up Requirements Adopted 4th December 1996 This describes the functional and operational requirements to enable the timely transfer to the back-up system to allow the vessel to be navigated safely until the termination of the voyage. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

IEC 61174 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) publishes International Standard IEC 61174 Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) – Operational and Performance Requirements, Methods of Testing and Required Test Results First Edition 1998-08

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

International Organizations Involved in ECDIS Chart Content, Display and Updating Navigation and Safety IHO IMO MSC NAV

WEND

CHRIS

Res A.817(19)

S-52 Specification for chart contents S-52 Ann 1 Guidance Update HGE IEC TC80

S-52 Ann 2 Colours and Symbols S-52 Ann 3 Glossary of Terms S-57 IHO Transfer Standard

WG7 IEC 61174

Equipment & Testing

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

DGIWG Philippine Seafarers Training Center

ISO

Other Organizations

CIRM

International Organizations Involved in ECDIS

• IMO – International Maritime Organization • MSC – Maritime Safety Committee • NAV – Safety of Navigation Sub-Committee • IHO – International Hydrographic Organization • WEND – Worldwide ENC Database • CHRIS – Committee on Hydrographic Requirements for Information Systems

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

International Organizations Involved in ECDIS

• IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission • TC80 – IEC Committee on Maritime Navigational Chart Database • WG 7 – IEC Working Group on ECDIS • HGE – Harmonization Group on ECDIS • DGIWG – Digital Geographic Informational Working Group • ISO – International Organization for Standards • CIRM – Committee International Radio-Maritime ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Resolution MSC.86(70)

In 1998 IMO Resolution A.817(19) was amended by Resolution MSC.86(70) This Resolution added another new appendix to the annex to Resolution A.817(19) Appendix 7 - RCDS Mode of Operation Adopted 8th December 1998 This states the requirements to permit the operation of ECDIS equipment in RCDS mode in areas where no ENC chart coverage is provided. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

ECDIS Type Approval

The worlds first type approved ECDIS system was certified by the German organization BSH, to Transas in 1999.

Navi-Sailor 2400

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

IEC 61174 In 2001 the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) publishes a revision of International Standard IEC 61174 Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) – Operational and Performance Requirements, Methods of Testing and Required Test Results Second Edition 2001-11

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

HSC Code

The first mandatory carriage requirement of ECDIS was onboard High-Speed Craft as follows: • craft constructed on or after 1 July 2008; • craft constructed before 1 July 2008, not later than 1 July 2010. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

NAV52

The Safety of Navigation Sub-Committee meeting in 2006 (NAV52) taking into account the technological progress and experience gained recognized the need to improve the previously adopted resolution A.817(19), as amended, performance standards for ECDIS in order to ensure the operational reliability of such equipment.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

IMO Resolution MSC.232(82) Revised Performance Standards for Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) Adopted on 5th December 2006 by IMO Resolution MSC.232(82) Entered into force on 01 January 2009 Consists of 16 sections and 7 Appendix ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

IEC 61174 In 2008 the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) publishes a revision of International Standard IEC 61174 Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) – Operational and Performance Requirements, Methods of Testing and Required Test Results Edition 3.0 2000-09

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

NAV54 At the July 2008 meeting of the Safety of Navigation Sub-Committee (NAV54) agreement was reached on an implementation schedule for mandatory ECDIS on vessels.

With agreement having finally been reached, IMO followed the necessary steps to add this requirement to IMO's Safety Of Life At Sea (SOLAS) Convention. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

SOLAS Chapter V

Regulation 19 – Carriage Requirements 2.1 All ships irrespective of size shall have: 2.1.4 nautical charts and nautical publications to plan and display the ship’s route for the intended voyage and to plot and monitor positions throughout the voyage; an Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is also accepted as meeting the chart carriage requirements of this subparagraph. Ships to which paragraph 2.10 applies shall comply with the carriage requirements for ECDIS detailed therein; ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

SOLAS Chapter V 2.10 Ships engaged on international voyages shall be fitted with an Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) as follows: .1 passenger ships 500 gross tonnage and upwards constructed on or after 1 July 2012; .2 tankers of 3,000 gross tonnage and upwards constructed on or after 1 July 2012; .3 cargo ships, other than tankers, of 10,000 gross tonnage and upwards constructed on or after 1 July 2013; .4 cargo ships, other than tankers, of 3,000 gross tonnage and upwards but less than 10,000 gross tonnage constructed on or after 1 July 2014; ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

SOLAS Chapter V .5 passenger ships 500 gross tonnage and upwards constructed before 1 July 2012, not later than the first survey on or after 1 July 2014; .6 tankers of 3,000 gross tonnage and upwards constructed before 1 July 2012, not later than the first survey on or after 1 July 2015; .7 cargo ships, other than tankers, of 50,000 gross tonnage and upwards constructed before 1 July 2013, not later than the first survey on or after 1 July 2016; ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

SOLAS Chapter V

.8 cargo ships, other than tankers, of 20,000 gross tonnage and upwards but less than 50,000 gross tonnage constructed before 1 July 2013, not later than the first survey on or after 1 July 2017; and .9 cargo ships, other than tankers, of 10,000 gross tonnage and upwards but less than 20,000 gross tonnage constructed before 1 July 2013, not later than the first survey on or after 1 July 2018; 2.11 Administrations may exempt ships from the application of the requirements of paragraph 2.10 when such ships will be taken permanently out of service within two years after the implementation date specified in subparagraphs .5 to .9 of paragraph 2.10. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Structure of ECDIS INPUT SENSORS POSITION (WGS84)

ECDIS Software

DATABASE SENCs

SPEED LOG

GYRO HEADING

CPU MONITOR AND CONTROLS

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

ECDIS Configuration

TRANSAS ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Navi-Sailor 3000 Training ECDISCenter Configuration Philippine Seafarers

NMEA 0183 DGPS GPS ECDIS

AUTOPILOT NMEA OUTPUT

GYRO

VDR

LOG AIS ARPA X-Band ARPA S-Band ECHO SOUNDER WIND WATER TEMP NAVTEX YEOMAN ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

The NMEA 0183 Interface Standard defines electrical signal requirements, data transmission protocol and time, and specific sentence formats for a serial data bus. Most sentences begin with a $ followed by a two character talker ID and three character sentence identifier. Exception is AIS which transmits a sentence beginning with ! Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Cycle of Operation INPUT SENSORS

LATITUDE LONGITUDE SPEED

PC

MONITOR

MOUSE

OOW

COURSE

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Datums • Datum used by Electronic Charts is WGS84 • The positioning system (GPS) must be set to WGS84 also, so that the ship is displayed in the correct position on the chart display • There will often be a different datum on the paper chart. This difference is known as the datum shift. Understanding of this difference is vital to safety

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

WGS 84

Position Shifts from Datum Differences in Comparison With WGS 84 ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Definition of ECDIS Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) means a navigation information system which with adequate back-up arrangements can be accepted as complying with the up-to-date chart required by regulations V/19 and V/27 of the 1974 SOLAS Convention, as amended, by displaying selected information from a system electronic navigational chart (SENC) with positional information from navigation sensors to assist the mariner in route planning and route monitoring, and if required display additional navigation-related information. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Definition of ENC Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) means the database, standardized as to content, structure and format, issued for use with ECDIS by or on the authority of a Government, authorized Hydrographic Office or other relevant government institution, and conform to IHO standards. The ENC contains all the chart information necessary for safe navigation and may contain supplementary information in addition to that contained in the paper chart (e.g., sailing directions) which may be considered necessary for safe navigation. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Definition of System ENC (SENC)

System Electronic Navigational Chart (SENC) means a database, in the manufacturer’s internal ECDIS format, resulting from the lossless transformation of the entire ENC contents and its updates. It is this database that is accessed by ECDIS for the display generation and other navigational functions, and is equivalent to an up-to-date paper chart. The SENC may also contain information added by the mariner and information from other sources.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

DATA

Displaying the ENC SOFTWARE (ECDIS Kernel)

DISPLAY

ENC SENC ENC 1

IHO S-52 ENC 2

ENC 3

IHO S-57

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

ENC Transformed into SENC

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

(PresLib Ed 3.4)

Definition of RCDS

Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) means a navigation information system displaying RNC’s with positional information from navigation sensors to assist the mariner in route planning and route monitoring, and if required, display additional navigationrelated information.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Definition of RNC

Raster Navigational Chart (RNC) means a facsimile of a paper chart originated by, or distributed on the authority of, a government-authorized hydrographic office. RNC is used in these standards to mean either a single chart or a collection of charts.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Definition of System RNC (SRNC)

System Raster Navigational Chart Database (SRNC) means a database resulting from the transformation of the RNC by the RCDS to include updates to the RNC by appropriate means.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

ECDIS / RCDS mode ECDIS equipment Type-approved?

Yes

Adequate ENC coverage?

Yes

Yes

ECDIS

No

No No RCDS capable?

ENC with updates onboard?

Yes

RNC data and service?

Yes

RCDS mode

No No ECS equipment

“Other” EC data

ECS

RCDS mode does not have the full functionality of ECDIS, and can only be used together with an appropriate portfolio of up-to-date paper charts.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

ENC Cell

An S-57 ENC chart is also called a cell which has a defined geographical coverage and intended navigational usage. It is defined in ECDIS as the basic unit of ENC data covering a defined geographical area bounded by two meridians and two parallels. Data of cells of the same usage do not overlap, enabling a seamless chart display. The size of a cell must not exceed 5 megabytes. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Projections ENC chart cells come without geographic projection, only defined coordinates. The ECDIS software provides the geographic projection for display. The following projections are typically provided: None Cylindrical (Mercator) Cylindrical (Transverse Mercator) RADAR Projection (Equidistant) Orthographic Stereographic ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Gnomonic

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Projections Cylindrical (Mercator) – Tangent Equator N

N

S

S

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Cylindrical (Transverse Mercator) – Tangent along meridian (Good for higher Latitudes) Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Projections C

A

B

C

C

A – Gnominic B – Stereographic C - Orthographic ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Modes Open sea Coastal Confined waters

(Confined waters includes narrow waters, harbour areas, anchorage and pilotage areas) ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Display Base Display Base means the chart content as listed in appendix 2 of Resolution MSC.232(82) and which cannot be removed from the display. It is permanently retained on the display. It is not intended to be sufficient for safe navigation. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Standard Display Standard Display is the display mode intended to be used as a minimum during route planning and route monitoring. The chart content is listed in appendix 2 of Resolution MSC.232(82). Displayed at switch-on, recalled by single operator action. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Passage / Route Planning

Appraisal Use the digital chart catalogue Planning Create the route on updated charts Check the route Save the route ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Passage / Route Planning

Execution Execute the route as planned Monitoring Monitor the vessels progress along the planned route Physically - by observation Automatically - alarms on the ECDIS ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

The Operational Use of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS)

Part 2 – Principal Types of Electronic Charts (ENC & RNC)

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

ARCS

Electronic Charts BSB

Transas TX97

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

ENC

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

The Basic Difference

• Raster charts are simply bitmap images created by scanning a paper chart • Vector charts portray charted features as points, lines, or areas with amplifying information (attributes) found in an associated database

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Digital Spatial Data

Raster

Vector

Real World ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Raster Charts

Raster format charts are produced by : Scanning the original paper charts

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Raster Charts • A set of colored pixels representing chart information as a picture on computer screen • Simply an array of pixels arranged in rows and columns • Pixels are color coded, but do not represent features explicitly

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

The Appeal of Raster Charts • Looks like a paper chart • Cheap and easy to produce (scan existing paper chart) • Runs easily on PC • World-wide availability

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

A Raster Chart

ARCS ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

chart of River Humber, UK Center Philippine Seafarers Training

Vector Data

• An intelligent form of digital geographic data where real world objects are represented by points, lines and polygons. An objects representation is described by attributes and coordinates. • Examples include: – Digitized Maps – GIS Data

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Digital Vectorized Charts

Digital technology is used to develop electronic charts from traditional paper charts and directly from marine survey data. • Digitizer (in tabular form – old) • Scan and digitize electronically

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Feature Entities A Feature consists of both the spatial data linked with its attributes in a feature table. River

Feature Entities

Spatial Data #1

#2

• simple point • simple line

Attribute Data

• simple polygon

ID

LENGTH WIDTH

• complex

1

2035.00

25.00

2

525.00

18.00

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Vector Data

1

••

5

•

•

Lake

7

2

••

• • •

•

4 6

•

Features: Line Points: Connected Detached Area Text

Spatial Data Analysis

Geographic data are separated into themes and tiled for speed of access

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Network Analysis

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Layers of Information on a Vector Chart Raw Radar Radar Tracks Symbols Bearing Lines Depth Contours Depth Numbers Buoys, Lights Obstacles Basic Chart Land Contours Topography ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

A Vector Chart

ENC20090724 chart of ECDS Revision 1.21

Subic BayPhilippine Freeport – Transas Navi-Sailor 2400 Seafarers Training Center

ENC Chart Usage The S-57 standard classifies digital charts into six different types of usage. The usage of a chart depends on the scale of its source. The six types of usage are: 1. Overview

(Scale Range < 1:1,499,999)

2. General

(Scale Range

1:350,000 – 1:1,499,999)

3. Coastal

(Scale Range

1:90,000 – 1:349,999)

4. Approach

(Scale Range

1:22,000 – 1:89,999)

5. Harbour

(Scale Range

1:4,000 – 1:21,999)

6. Berthing

(Scale Range > 1:4,000)

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

ENC Intended Usage Navigational Purpose

Definition for intended use

1

Overview

For route planning and ocean crossing.

2

General

For navigating oceans, approaching coasts and route planning.

3

Coastal

For navigating along the coastline, either inshore or offshore.

4

Approach

Navigating the approaches to ports or major channels or through intricate or congested waters.

5

Harbour

Navigating within ports, harbours, bays, rivers and canals, for anchorages.

6

Berthing

Detailed data to aid berthing.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

ENC Chart Display Most ECDIS user interfaces only allow a selection of the chart display by range or scale, and not by chart usage. Like traditional radar ranges, display ranges define the radius of a circular view around the centre of the screen. The diameter of the view coincides with the vertical extent of the rectangular chart display.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Radar Overlay on ENC Charts Radar Range

Standard Scale (Rounded)

200 NM

1 : 3,000,000

96 NM

1 : 1,500,000

48 NM

1 : 700,000

24 NM

1 : 350,000

12 NM

1 : 180,000

6 NM

1 : 90,000

3 NM

1 : 45,000

1.5 NM

1 : 22,000

0.75 NM

1 : 12,000

0.5 NM

1 : 8,000

0.25 NM

1 : 4,000

Table of recommended ENC chart compilation scales to facilitate display of radar video over official ENCs. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724 Philippine Seafarers Training Center

ENC Chart Identification Each official ENC is identified by an 8 character identifier The first two characters indicate the Producer Code The third digit indicates the Navigational Purpose Followed by alpha-numeric unique identifier GB100012

– United Kingdom, Overview

US2WC12M – United States, General (last character “M” = Metric) FR301030

– France, Coastal

PH4SBY40 – Philippines, Approach ES504451 SE6D17LA

– Spain, Harbour – Sweden, Berthing

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Underscale In ECDIS the condition where data displayed are not the largest scale NAVIGATIONAL PURPOSE data available for that area.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Overscale In ECDIS, to display the chart information at a display scale larger than the compilation scale. When the data displayed is from data of two different navigational purposes the chart display will, where drawn at a larger scale, include an overscale area of data from the smaller scale cell in order to complete the display. This area should be identified by the “overscale pattern” of the presentation library.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Overscale

Overscale chart cell

Overscale chart SingaporePhilippine displayed on Maris ECDIS900 Seafarers Training Center

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

SCAMIN Attribute

The SCAMIN attribute of an object determines the display scale below which the object must no longer be displayed. Thereby the clutter on the screen of an ECDIS is reduced. For example a buoy with SCAMIN set to 50,000 will disappear from the ECDIS display when zooming out and reducing the display scale below 1:50,000. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Own Ship’s Safety Contour . .

Chart Datum Shallow Contour Safety Contour (16m input value by mariner) Safety Contour (20m value existing in the SENC) Deep Contour

Unsafe Water

Safe Water

Four colour depth contour scheme

In ECDIS the contour related to the own ship selected by the mariner from the contours provided for in the SENC, to be used by ECDIS to distinguish on the DISPLAY between the safe and the unsafe water, and for generating anti-grounding ALARMS ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724 Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Own Ship’s Safety Contour

Safety Contour

Selected Safety Contour 16m ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Training Center DisplayedPhilippine SafetySeafarers Contour 20m

Safety Depth . .

Safety Depth

Chart Datum

=> Safety Contour

Shallow Contour

Safety Contour (selected by mariner) Safety Contour (value existing in the SENC) Deep Contour

Unsafe Water

Safe Water

Four colour depth contour scheme

In ECDIS the depth defined by the mariner, e.g. the ship’s draft plus under keel clearance, to be used by the ECDIS to emphasize soundings on the DISPLAY equal to or less than this value Philippine Seafarers Training Center (Can not be less than Safety Contour value)

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Safety Depth

Safety Depth

Selected Safety Depth 13m ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724 Highlighted

Philippine=Seafarers Training Soundings 13m or lessCenter

Two Colour Depth Scheme . .

Chart Datum

Safety Depth 17m Shallow Contour 10m Safety Contour (16m input value by mariner) Safety Contour (20m value existing in the SENC)

113

177

Unsafe Water

23

Deep Contour 50m

Safe Water

Two colour depth contour scheme

Safe and unsafe waters can be displayed in two different colours. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Two Colour Depth Scheme

Shallow Contour 10m

Deep Contour 50m

SAFE WATER UNSAFE WATER Safety Contour 20m

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Safe and Unsafe waters

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Preslib Presentation Library ENC data does not contain any information concerning symbolizing; the presentation of the chart on the screen and on the display is realized by using the presentation library (PRESLIB) published in the Special Publication (S52). Nav53 considered the issue of maintenance of ECDIS software and agreed that proper maintenance of ECDIS software was an important issue. S/N.1/Circ.266 was issued on 22nd October 2007. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

S-52 Preslib Edition 3.4 Presentation Library In January 2007, Supplement No.1 to the IHO ENC Product Specification was introduced in order to include, within the ENC Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) and Archipelagic Sea Lanes (ASL). Any ECDIS which has not been upgraded to the latest version of the Product Specification or the S-52 Presentation Library may be unable to correctly display the latest charted features and may not meet the chart carriage requirements as set out in SOLAS regulation V/19.2.1.4.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Comparison of ECDIS/RCDS

Alarm systems Horizontal datum and chart projections Chart features simplification Look ahead capability Orientation for information Display of safety contour / depth Colours may differ ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Comparison of ECDIS/RCDS

US BSB Raster Chart

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

US ENC Vector Chart

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Comparison of ECDIS/RCDS

Orange boarder indicates RCDS mode (Transas)

US BSB Raster charts displayed on Transas Navi-Sailor 3000 Philippine Seafarers Training Center

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Comparison of ECDIS/RCDS

On a Vector chart lines are displayed as lines irrespective of scale or zooming.

On a Raster chart lines become areas as scale is increased by zooming in. Center ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724 Philippine Seafarers Training

ENC Chart Symbols Obstruction (foul ground)

74

Wreck of known depth

Underwater Rock (awash) Obstruction as isolated danger

If shallower

Wreck as isolated danger

than safety

Underwater rock as isolated danger

contour

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Official / Unofficial Charts

ENC Unofficial data (up to date official paper chart required)

Border of ENC chart displaying interface between official and unofficial data ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Obtaining New Charts

Carry discs containing all ENC and RNC charts on board and obtain a license or permit to unlock newly required charts. Chart services using email attachments and internet access are becoming more common. Maris MDS (Maritime Digital Service) Admiralty AVCS (Admiralty Vector Chart Service) ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Admiralty Digital Catalogue

UKHO ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Admiralty Philippine Digital Seafarers Catalogue (AVCS) Training Center

SENC Delivery

At the 16th International Hydrographic Conference, (Monaco 14-19 April 2002), the IHO Member States accepted the “SENC Delivery Option”, thus allowing that ENC data be distributed in a proprietary SENC format. Transas (SENC service) SevenC’s (Direct ENC) ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Subscriptions include Updates Update/New CD of all charts every three months AVCS includes free back-up copy Pay to view, permit for 3 months Update current passage (Working Folio) charts at sea via satellite Update other charts (Standing Folio) in port via internet or from update CD

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

ENC Chart Coverage

Check country coverage when ordering charts. In this example order French chart to complete coverage of Dover Straits.

British Admiralty ENC chart of Dover Straits - Maris ECDIS900 Philippine Seafarers Training Center

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Correcting Charts Automatically SEMI-AUTOMATIC UPDATING In ECDIS, the application of corrections to ENC data in the SENC updating in a fully integrated state, by hard media or telecommunications transfer in a manner which requires human intervention at the ECDIS interface. FULLY AUTOMATIC UPDATING In ECDIS the application of corrections to ENC data in the SENC in a fully integrated state, without human intervention. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

ENC Update History

GB489110 Ed.2 Update 2

Red highlight showing applied correction to coastline ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724 Philippine Seafarers Training Center Displaying Update History to Chart GB489110 on Maris ECDIS900

Correcting Charts Manually MANUAL UPDATING In ECDIS, the manual application of corrections to ENC data in the SENC by human operator, usually based on unformatted update information (such as Notices to Mariners, voice radio, verbal communications, etc.). The manual application of hand corrections to nautical charts. LOCAL UPDATES In ECDIS a generic term used to indicate all update information other than Official Updates, regardless of source; for application as a Manual Update only as opposed to automatic updates.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Manually Updated Chart

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Current S-57 Standards

S-57 ENC – S-57 Edition 3.0 published Nov 1996 – “frozen” for 4 yrs + 2 additional years – S-57 3.1 issued Dec 2000 – S-57 Edition 4.0 (not released) – S-57 Edition 3.1.1 – S-57 Maintenance Document (Cumulative) Number 8

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Current Status – ENC Coverage ENC chart coverage is still not entirely global. However, the UKHO who operate the Admiralty Vector Chart Service (AVCS) said it hoped to be able to cover 2,000 of the world’s top ports, which account for 98% of the world’s tonnage by the end of 2008. AVCS provides navigators with an integrated set of electronic navigational charts (ENC’s) schemed in folios along the major shipping routes covering the world’s top ports. ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center

Future Changes to Standards The IHO is in the process of developing an IHO Geospatial Information Infrastructure. The core component of this will be the S-100 Geospatial Standard for Hydrographic Data and its associated information registry. S-101 is intended to be the next generation ENC product specification. It will be based on S-100. The reason for moving to S-101 is to have a more flexible standard so that the IHO can react quickly to changes. However, the IHO stated during the 3rd ECDIS Stakeholders Forum in November 2007 that S-101 ENC will not affect S57 based ECDIS for the next 10 to 15 years.

ECDS Revision 1.21 20090724

Philippine Seafarers Training Center