Ec8351 Electronic Circuits I MCQ

September 30, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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ON=>?8 OAONVPLIKN NKPN_KV^ K ONO - >rf ôgostor Poc. 0483 _IKV K @KH^KIC LE FK^NPOVO @JV, JEOV HIF GLÊOV VLTKN 8.8 @KTALAHP J_INVKLI VPHI^K^VLP (@JV) 8. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic nlifktkli ks truo elr nut-lee glfo< h) Vmo nlaaontlr nurroit Ks zorl `) Vmo nlaaontlr nurroit ks prlplrtkliha tl tmo `hso nurroit n) Vmo `hso nurroit ks ili zorl

f) Vmo nlaaontlr nurroit ks hawhys zorl hif tmo `hso nurroit ks hawhys ili zorl Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: @ltm nlaaontlr hif ogkttor

nurroit hro zorl ki nut-lee rockli.

>. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic ks truo elr h typknha hntkvo rockli le hi ipi trhiskstlr< h) Vmo pltoitkha fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo ogkttor hif tmo nlaaontlr ks aoss tmhi 4.? U `) Vmo pltoitkha fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo ogkttor hif tmo nlaaontlr ks aoss tmhi 4.6 U n) Vmo pltoitkha fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo ogkttor hif tmo nlaaontlr ks aoss tmhi 4.> U f) Vmo pltoitkha fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo ogkttor hif tmo nlaaontlr ks aoss tmhi 4.0 U Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Glst nlggliay usof

trhiskstlrs mhvo Uno aoss tmhi 4.6 U elr tmo hntkvo rockli. 6. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic ks truo elr tmo hntkvo rockli le hi ipi trhiskstlr< h) Vmo nlaaontlr nurroit ks fkrontay prlplrtkliha tl tmo `hso nurroit `) Vmo pltoitkha fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo ogkttor hif tmo nlaaontlr ks aoss tmhi 4.6 U n) Haa le tmo goitkliof f) Ilio le tmo goitkliof Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Vmo `hso nurroit hif tmo

f) Haa le tmo goitkliof Hiswor: h Vmo `hso nurroit hs woaa hs tmo Oxpahihtkli: nlaaontlr nurroit hro zorl ki nut-lee glfo.

nlaaontlr nurroit hro fkrontay prlplrtkliha tl ohnm ltmor hif tmo pltoitkha fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo nlaaontlr hif tmo `hso ks hawhys aoss tmhi 4.6 U.

0. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic ks truo elr tmo nutlee rockli ki hi ipi trhiskstlr< h) Tltoitkha fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo ogkttor hif tmo `hso ks sghaaor tmhi 4.?U ogkttor `) Tltoitkha fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo hif tmo `hso ks sghaaor tmhi 4.6U n) Vmo nlaaontlr nurroit kinrohsos wktm tmo

?. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic ks truo elr tmo shturhtkli rockli le @JV trhiskstlr< h) Vmo nlaaontlr nurroit ks kivorsoay prlplrtkliha tl tmo `hso nurroit `) Vmo nlaaontlr nurroit ks prlplrtkliha tl tmo squhro rllt le tmo nlaaontlr nurroit n) Vmo ihturha alchrktmg le tmo nlaaontlr

kinrohso ki tmo `hso nurroit nurroit

nurroit ks fkrontay prlplrtkliha tl tmo `hso

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nurroit f) Ilio le tmo goitkliof

tmhi 4.>U, 4.>U, elr hi ip ipii trhiskstlr kt ks croh crohtor tor tmhi 4.>U. 4.>U.

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Vmo nlaaontlr nurroit ks fkrontay

;. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic ks truo elr h pip trhiskstlr ki hntkvo rockli< h) N@ juintkli ks rovorsof `khs hif tmo O@ juintkli ks elrwhrf `khs

5. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic ks truo elr h ipi trhiskstlr ki tmo shturhtkli rockli< h) Vmo pltoitkha fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo nlaaontlr hif tmo `hso ks hpprlxkghtoay 4.0U `) Vmo pltoitkha fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo nlaaontlr hif tmo `hso ks hpprlxkghtoay 4.>U n) Vmo pltoitkha fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo nlaaontlr hif tmo `hso ks hpprlxkghtoay 4.6U f) Vmo pltoitkha fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo nlaaontlr hif tmo `hso ks hpprlxkghtoay 4.?U

`) N@ juintkli ks elrwhrf juintkli ks elrwhrf `khs `khs hif tmo O@ n) N@ juintkli ks elrwhrf `khs hif tmo O@ juintkli ks rovorso `khs f) N@ juintkli ks rovorsof `khs hif tmo O@ juintkli ks rovorso `khs

prlplrtkliha tl tmo `hso nurroit ki tmo shturhtkli rockli le tmo @JV.

Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Vmo nlggliay usof ipile trhiskstlrs mhvo h pltoitkha fkeeoroino

hrluif 4.?U òtwooi mo nlaaontlr hif tmo `hso. 3. Vmo pltoitkha fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo `hso hif tmo nlaaontlr Un` ki h pip trhiskstlr ki shturhtkli rockli ks \\\\\\\\ h) -4.0 U `) -4.?U n) 4.0 U f) 4.? U Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Vmo vhauo le Un` ks -4.?U elr h

pip trhiskstlr hif 4.?U elr hi ipi i pi trhiskstlr.

=. Elr h pip trhiskstlr ki tmo hntkvo rockli tmo vhauo le Uno (pltoitkha fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo nlaaontlr hif tmo `hso) ks h) Aoss tmhi 4.>U `) Aoss tmhi >U n) Crohtor tmhi 4.>U f) Crohtor tmhi >U Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Elr h pip trhiskstlr Uno ks aoss

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Smotmor tmo trhiskstlr ki ipi lr

pip, elr kt ò ki hntkvo rockli tmo O@ juintkli gust ò rovorsof `khs tmo N@ juintkli gust ò elrwhrf `khs. 84. Smknmkileshturhtkli tmo elaalwkic ks truo elr h pip trhiskstlr rockli< h) N@ juintkli ks rovorsof `khs hif tmo O@ juintkli ks elrwhrf `khs `) N@ juintkli ks elrwhrf `khs hif tmo O@ juintkli ks elrwhrf `khs n) N@ juintkli ks elrwhrf `khs hif tmo O@ juintkli ks rovorso `khs f) N@ juintkli ks rovorsof `khs hif tmo O@ juintkli ks rovorso `khs

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Smotmor tmo trhiskstlr ki ipi lr

pip, elr kt ò ki shturhtkli rockli tmo O@ juintkli gust ò elrwhrf `khs tmo N@ juintkli gust ò elrwhrf `khs.

VLTKN 8.0 IOOF ELP @KH^KIC FN ALHF AKIO HIF @KH^ TLKIV 8. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic fopknts tmo FN alhf akio<

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0. Elr tmo nkrnukt smlwi, ekif tmo qukosnoit plkit.

h)

h) (84U, 6gH) `) (6U, (6U, 84gH) n) (84U, >gH) f) (>gH, 84U) `)

Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: So bilw,

KO7UOO/P O7>4/84b℥7>gH KN7θ KO 7KO 7>gH UN@7UNN-KNP A70?-8?784U 70?-8?784U.. ^l, qukosnoit plkit ks (84U, (84U, >gH). >. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic fopknts tmo alhf akio elr tmo nkrnukt smlwi òalw< n)

f) Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Ki trhiskstlr nkrnukt hihaysks,

slgotkgos kt ks roqukrof tl bilw tmo nlaaontlr nurroits elr vhrklus nlaaontlr ogkttor vlathcos. Vmo lio why ks tl frhw kts alhf akio. So roqukro tmo nut lee hif shturhtkli plkits.

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UN@7UNN-KNP A704-8?7?U 704-8?7?U.. ^l, qukosnoit plkit ks (?U, (?U, >gH). 6. Elr tmo nkrnukt smlwi, ekif tmo qukosnoit plkit.

h)

h) (5U, 8gH) `) (6U, (6U, 84gH) n) (84U, >gH) f) (>gH, 84U)

`)

Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: So bilw, UNO780U

(KN)^HV ^HV 7UNN/P A780/5B70gH. K@784U/4.?G704¿H. KN7 ΰK@78gH. K UNO7UNN-KNP A780-8*575U 780-8*575U.. ^l, qukosnoit plkit ks (5U, (5U, 8gH). n)

?. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic fopknts tmo alhf akio elr tmo ckvoi nkrnukt<

f) Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: So bilw,

KO7UOO/P O78?/?b℥7>gH K 7θ K 7K 7>gH N

O

O

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UNO7UNN-KNP A784-8*07=U 784-8*07=U.. ^l, qukosnoit plkit ks (=U, (=U, 8gH). 5. Vmo FN oqukvhaoit nkrnukt elr hi ITI nlggli `hso nkrnukt ks.

h)

`)

n)

f) Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: So bilw, UNO75U

(KN)^HV ^HV 7UNN/P A784/0B7?gH. K@784U/4.?G704¿H. KN7 ΰK@78gH. K

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3. Vmo FN oqukvhaoit nkrnukt elr hi ITI nlggli ogkttor nkrnukt ks.

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Ki tmo nlggli `hso nkrnukt, tmo

ogkttor fklfo hnts akbo h elrwhrf `khsof kfoha fklfo, wmkao nlaaontlr fklfo hnts hs h nurroit slurno fuo tl trhiskstlr hntkli. Vmus hi kfoha trhiskstlr ghy ò rochrfof hs h rontkekor fklfo ki tmo ogkttor hif h nurroit slurno ht nlaaontlr.

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ogkttor nliekcurhtkli<

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Ki tmo nlggli ogkttor nkrnukt,

tmo kfoha trhiskstlr ghy ò rochrfof hs h rontkekor fklfo ki tmo `hso nkrnukt hif h nurroit slurno ki tmo nlaaontlr nkrnukt. Ki tmo nurroit slurno, tmo fkrontkli le hrrlw plkits ki fkrontkli le nlivoitkliha nurroit. =. Smht ks tmo ltmor roprosoithtkli le tmo ckvoi TIT trhiskstlr nliiontof ki nlggli

Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Vmo ogkttor juintkli ks elrwhrf

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`khsof wktm tmo moap le `httory UOO `y wmknm, UN@7UNN-KNP A704-84784U 704-84784U.. ^l, qukosnoit iochtkvo le tmo `httory ks nliiontof tl tmo plkit ks (84U, (84U, 0gH). ogkttor wmkao plsktkvo ks nliiontof tl `hso. P O ks tmo ogkttor rosksthino. Vmo nlaaontlr VLTKN 8.> FN HIHA[^K^ LE juintkli ks rovorsof `khsof.

VPHI^K^VLP NKPN_KV^

;. Smht ks tmo FN nmhrhntorkstkn usof tl prlvo tmht tmo trhiskstlr ks kifoof `khsof ki shturhtkli glfo< h) KN 7 ΰK@ `) KN 9 ΰK@ n) KN 99 ΰK@ f) KN 1 ΰK@ Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Smoi ki h trhiskstlr ks frkvoi

kitl shturhtkli, wo uso UNO(^HV) hs hiltmor akiohr phrhgotor. Ki, hffktkli wmoi h trhiskstlr ks `khsof ki shturhtkli glfo, wo mhvo KN 1 ΰK@. Vmks nmhrhntorkstkn usof tl prlvo tmht tmo trhiskstlr ks kifoof `khsof ki shturhtkli glfo. 84. Elr tmo nkrnukt smlwi, ekif tmo qukosnoit plkit.

8. Vmo eohturo le hi hpprlxkghto glfoa le h trhiskstlr ks h) kt moaps ki quknbor hihaysks elr fkeeoroit `) kt prlvkfos kifkvkfuha hihaysks nliekcurhtklis n) kt moaps ki fn hihaysks f) hn hihaysks ks ilt plsskào Hiswor: h Vmo sghaa skciha glfoa moaps ki Oxpahihtkli: quknbor hn hihaysks le h trhiskstlr. Vmo hpprlxkghto glfoa ks hppaknhào elr haa tmo nliekcurhtklis. Vmo fn hihaysks ks ilt l`thkiof `y uskic h sghaa skciha glfoa le trhiskstlr. 0 H trhiskstlr mhs meo7844, mko70b℥, mlo74.44?ggmls, mro74. Ekif tmo lutput kgpofhino ke tmo ahf rosksthino ks ?b℥. h) ?b℥ `) 6b℥ n) 04b℥ f) 8?b℥ Hiswor: ` P 7K/m 78/4.44?g Oxpahihtkli: K704||? 704b℥.P LK7 P LL|| P Alo 76b℥.

KO7UOO/P O784/?b℥70gH

>. H NO hgpakekor wmoi `yphssof wktm h nhphnktlr ht tmo ogkttor rosksthino mhs h) kinrohsof kiput rosksthino hif kinrohsof vlathco chki `) kinrohsof kiput rosksthino hif fonrohsof fon rohsof vlathco chki n) fonrohsof kiput rosksthino hif kinrohsof vlathco chki f) fonrohsof kiput rosksthino hif fonrohsof

KN7θ KO 7KO 70gH

vlathco chki

h) (84U, 6gH) `) (6U, (6U, 84gH) n) (84U, >gH) f) (>gH, 84U) Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: So bilw,

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Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Smoi h trhiskstlr ks `yphssof

wktm h nhphnktlr, kt smlrt nkrnukts ki tmo sghaa skciha hihaysks le trhiskstlr hif tmo roskstlr tll smlrts. Vmo kiput rosksthino ònlgos PK7mko. Vmo vhauo le tmo kiput rosksthino ks fonrohsof hif tmo chki ilw wkaa ò kinrohskic. 6. H trhiskstlr mhs mko 70b℥, mlo70?¿gmls hif meo754 wktm hi ui`yphssof ogkttor roskstlr Po78b℥. Smht wkaa ò tmo kiput rosksthino hif lutput rosksthino< h) ;4b℥ hif ?4b℥ rospontkvoay `) >>b℥ hif 6?b℥ rospontkvoay n) 5b℥ hif 64b℥ rospontkvoay f) 5>b℥ hif 64b℥ rospontkvoay Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Hs tmo ogkttor ks ui`yphssof,

tmo kiput rosksthino Pk7mko+(8+meo)Po 70+5875>b℥. Vmo lutput rosksthino P L78/mlo78/0?G℥764b℥. ?. H trhiskstlr mhs mko 78B℥ hif meo754 wktm hi `yphssof ogkttor roskstlr P o78b℥. Smht wkaa ò tmo kiput rosksthino hif lutput rosksthino< h) ;4b℥ hif ?4b℥ rospontkvoay `) >>b℥ hif 6?b℥ rospontkvoay n) 5b℥ hif 64b℥ rospontkvoay f) 5>b℥ hif 64b℥ rospontkvoay Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Hs tmo ogkttor ks `yphssof, tmo

kiput rosksthino P k7mko 78b℥. Vmo lutput rosksthino P L78/mlo ùt tmo vhauo ks ilt ckvoi. ^l, mlo74 hif P L78/47∙. 5. Ki tmo ckvoi nkrnukt, ekif tmo oqukvhaoit rosksthino òtwooi H hif @ ilfos.

h) 844b℥ `) ?4b℥ n) 64b℥ f) 54b℥ Hiswor: `

P H@7P L||844℥ Oxpahihtkli:

7 (P ^K+mko/8+meo)||844 7;+8/844||8447844||8447?4℥. 3. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic hnts hs h ùeeor<

h) NN hgpakekor   `) NO hgpakekor n) N@ hgpakekor   f) nhsnhfof hgpakekor Hiswor: h Vmo vlathco chki le h nlggli Oxpahihtkli: nlaaontlr hgpakekor ks uikty. Kt ks tmoi usof hs h ùeeor. Vmo NN hgpakekor ks hasl nhaaof hs hi ogkttor elaalwor. Vmlucm tmoro ks il hgpakeknhtkli flio, tmo lutput wkaa ò sth`kaksof. =. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic truo5 gH le h @JV< Hif K@780-4.=/064b74.463 gH h) K@ 7 ΰ K O K@GKI7KN^HV/ΰ7?.4;/?474.8430gH wmknm ks `) K@ 7 KO crohtor tmhi h`lvo K@. n) K@ 7 (ΰ + 8) KO hntkvo rockli. Moino trhiskstlr ks ki tmo f) KO 7 (ΰ + 8) K@ Vmus KN7ΰK@. U 74.3U @O Hiswor: f Elr h @JV, tmo nlaaontlr nurroit [email protected]/064763.4=αH Oxpahihtkli:

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6. Erlg tmo ckvoi nkrnukt, uskic h skaknli @JV, `) -5.8> U n) 3 U wmht ks tmo vhauo le UNOX< f) -3 U Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Nliskfor tmo @JV tl ò ki

shturhtkli. Vmoi KN780-4.0/0.0b7?.>5 gH

h) 3 U `) 4.3 U n) 5.=> U f) 3.83 U Hiswor: n Nliskfor tmo @JV tl ò ki Oxpahihtkli: shturhtkli. Vmoi KN780-4.0/0.0b7?.>5 gH Hif K@780-4.=/064b74.463 gH K@GKI7KN^HV/ΰ7?.4;/?474.8430gH wmknm ks crohtor tmhi h`lvo K@. hntkvo rockli. Moino trhiskstlr ks ki tmo Vmus KN7ΰK@. [email protected] [email protected]/064763.4=αH KN7?4Ó63.4=70.>?6 gH UNO7UNN-KNP N780-0.>?6*0.0780?.83=75.=>U.

Hif K@780-4.=/064b74.463 gH K@GKI7KN^HV/ΰ7?.4;/?474.8430gH wmknm ks crohtor tmhi h`lvo K@. Moino trhiskstlr ks ki tmo hntkvo rockli. Vmus KN7ΰK@. [email protected] [email protected]/064763.4=αH KN7?4Ó63.4=70.>?6 gH UNO7UNN-KNP N780-0.>?6*0.0780?.83=75.=>U Moino U@N 7 4.3-5.=> 7 -5.8>U. 5. Erlg tmo ckvoi nkrnukt, uskic skaknli @JV, wmht ks tmo vhauo le tmo shturhtkli nlaaontlr nurroit<

?. Erlg tmo ckvoi nkrnukt, uskic h skaknli @JV, h) ? gH wmht ks tmo vhauo le U@N< `) ?.>5 gH n) ?.6? gH f) 84.; gH Hiswor: ` Vl l`thki hi hpprlxkghto Oxpahihtkli: hiswor, uifor shturhtkli tmo @JV ks LI hif moino hnts akbo h smlrt nkrnukt. Mlwovor, kfohaay h frlp oxksts elr tmo trhiskstlr wmknm ks h ekxof vhauo. Elr hi oxhnt hiswor, ke tmo @JV h) 5.8> U

ks h ^kaknli tmoi frlpgH. UNO 7 4.0U hif nurroit trhiskstlr, ks 80-4.0/0.07?.>5

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3. Ki tmo ckvoi nkrnukt, wmht ks tmo vhauo le KN ke tmo @JV ks ghfo le ^kaknli<

h) 0.48 gH `) 0.48 uH n) 84.4? gH f) 84.4? uH   Hiswor: h Nliskfor tmo @JV tl ò ki Oxpahihtkli: shturhtkli. Vmoi KN704-4.0/0b7;.; gH Hif K@704-4.=/6>4b74.466 gH wmknm ks K@GKI7KN^HV/ΰ7?.4;/?474.8;=gH crohtor tmhi h`lvo K@. hntkvo rockli. Moino trhiskstlr ks ki tmo Vmus KN7ΰK@. [email protected] [email protected]/6>4766.==αH KN7?4Ó66.==70.06 gH. =. Ki tmo ckvoi nkrnukt, uskic h skaknli @J @JV V, wmht ks tmo vhauo le UNO<

h) 04 U `) 8?.?0 U n) 86.;= U f) 8>.;3 U Hiswor: ` `   Nliskfor tmo @JV tl ò ki Oxpahihtkli:

shturhtkli. Vmoi KN704-4.0/0b7;.; gH Hif K@704-4.=/6>4b74.466 gH wmknm ks K@GKI7KN^HV/ΰ7?.4;/?474.8;=gH crohtor tmhi h`lvo K@. hntkvo rockli. Moino trhiskstlr ks ki tmo Vmus KN7ΰK@. [email protected] [email protected]/6>4766.==αH KN7?4Ó66.==70.06 gH U 704-0.06*078?.?0U. NO ;. Ki tmo ckvoi nkrnukt, wmht ks tmo vhauo le UO wmoi uskic h skaknli @JV<

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h) 0.48 U `) 4.0= U n) 4 U f) 0.0= U

h) 84 gH `) =.33 gH n) 5.53 gH f) ? gH

Hiswor: f f   Nliskfor tmo @JV tl ò ki Oxpahihtkli:

Hiswor: n n Vl l`thki hi hpprlxkghto Oxpahihtkli:

shturhtkli. Vmoi KN704-4.0/0b7;.; gH Hif K@704-4.=/6>4b74.466 gH wmknm ks K@GKI7KN^HV/ΰ7?.4;/?474.8;=gH crohtor tmhi h`lvo K@. hntkvo rockli. Moino trhiskstlr ks ki tmo Vmus KN7ΰK@. [email protected] [email protected]/6>4766.==αH KN7?4Ó66.==70.06 gH U 704-0.06*078?.?0U UONO 7KOP O7(8+ΰ)K@P O7?8*66.==*870.0=U. 84. Ki tmo ckvoi nkrnukt uskic h skaknli @J @JV V, wmht ks tmo vhauo le shturhtkli nlaaontlr nurroit<

hiswor, uifor shturhtkli tmo @JV ks LI hif moino hnts akbo h smlrt nkrnukt. Mlwovor, kfohaay h frlp oxksts elr tmo trhiskstlr wmknm ks h ekxof vhauo. Elr hi oxhnt hiswor, ke tmo @JV ks h ^kaknli trhiskstlr, tmoi frlp UNO 7 4.0U hif nurroit ks 04-4.0/0.07;.; gH.

VLTKN 8.? @KH^ NKPN_KV FO^KCI - VMOPGHA ^VH@KAKV[ - ^VH@KAKV[ EHNVLP^ 8. Smht ks ^th`kakty ehntlr< nurroit tl h) Phtkl le nmhico ki nlaaontlr nmhico ki h nurroit hgpakeknhtkli ehntlr `) Phtkl le nmhico ki nlaaontlr nurroit tl nmhico ki `hso nurroit ehntlr n) Nurroit hgpakeknhtkli f) Phtkl le `hso nurroit tl nlaaontlr nurroit Hiswor: h ^th`kakty ehntlr ks foekiof hs tmo Oxpahihtkli: rhto ht wmknm nlaaontlr nurroit nmhicos wmoi @hso tl ogkttor vlathco nmhicos, boopkic `hso

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nurroit nlisthit. Kt nhi hasl ò foekiof hs tmo rhtkl le nmhico ki nlaaontlr nurroit tl nmhico ki `hso nurroit wmoi togporhturo nmhicos lnnur. 0. Vmo `hso nurroit elr h @JV roghkis nlisthit ht ?gH, tmo nlaaontlr nurroit nmhicos tl 4.>tmoi gHnhanuahto hif òthtmo whs nmhicof erlg erlg 4.0gH 844 tl 884, vhauo le ^. h) 4.48g `) 8g n) 844g f) 0?g Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: ^kino tmo nurroit ki tmo h`lvo

nhso, roghkis nlisthit, tmoroelro sth`kakty ehntlr ks 4.48 hs kt ks foekiof hs tmo rhtkl le nmhico ki nlaaontlr nurroit tl nmhico ki òth. ^7nmhico ki nlaaontlr nurroit/nmhico ki òth74.8gH/8474.48g. >. Elr h i-p-i trhiskstlr, tmo nlaaontlr nurroit nmhicof erlg 4.0gH tl 4.00gH rosuatkic h nmhico le `hso ogkttor vlathco erlg 4.=v tl 4.=44?U.. Smht ks tmo vhauo le ^th`kakty 4.=44?U ehntlr< h) 4 `) 4.0? n) 4.46 f) 4.>>> Hiswor: n Nmhico ki U ò 7 4.444?U Oxpahihtkli:

Nmhico ki nlaaontlr nurroit 7 4.40gH ^ 7 4.40g/4.444? 7 4.46. 6. Vmoro hro twl trhiskstlrs H hif @ mhvkic ”^‛ hs 0? hif 0?4 rospontkvoay, li nlgphrkic tmo vhauo le ^, wo nhi shy @ ks glro sthào tmhi H. h) Vruo `) Ehaso

nmhico ki òth flos ilt heeont gunm li tmo nlaaontlr nurroit. Smoi ^ ks mkcm, ovoi ke K@ nmhicos `y h sghaa vhauo, tmo KN nurroit wkaa frhstknhaay vhry. Moino sth`kakty ehntlr gust plssoss aossor vhauo elr tmo prlpor wlrbkic le h trhiskstlr. ?. Smht ks tmo vhauo le ^th`kakty ehntlr elr hi kfoha trhiskstlr< h) 844 `) 8444 n) kiekikto f) 4 Hiswor: 4 Oxpahihtkli: Elr h trhiskstlr, tmo kfoha vhauo

le ^ ks 4 wmknm kitorprots tmht elr h nmhico ki òth, tmoro smluaf ilt ò nmhickic. Ki Kfoha Kfo ha trhiskstlr, tmo nlaaontlr nurroit wkaa vhry liay ke oktmor `hso lr ogkttor nurroit vhrkos lr moino elr hi kfoha trhiskstlr tmo vhauo le ^ ks zorl. 5. Elr h ekxof `khs nkrnukt mhvkic Kn 7 4.>gH hif Ki74.444>gH, ^ ks\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ h) 844 `) 4 n) 88 f) 888 Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Elr ekxof `khs ^78+òth

@oth7KN/K@784 ^78+84788.

3. Elr h ekxof `khs nkrnukt mhvkic P N70Blmg hif UNN754U, [email protected]?gH hif ^7848, ekif Uno. h) 80U `) 84U n) ?U f) 0.?U

Hiswor: `

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: ^ 7 8 + òth,

Oxpahihtkli: vhauo le ^, aossor sth`kakty, skino Glro H mhstmo aossor ^ vhauo tmo tmo

79 844 7 KN/K@ 79 Kn 7 0?gH

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Uno 7 UNN „ Kn P N Uno 7 84U.

8. Vmo nlgpoishtkli tonmikquos hro usof tl\\\\\\\\\ h) kinrohso sth`kakty =. Elr hi kfoha trhiskstlr mhvkic h ekxof `khs `) kinrohso tmo vlathco chki nliekcurhtkli, wmht wkaa ò tmo vhauo le @oth< n) kgprlvo iochtkvo eoof`hnb f) fonrohso vlathco chki h) 4 `) 0 Hiswor: ` n) -8 Oxpahihtkli: _suhaay, tmo iochtkvo eoof`hnb f) 8 ks usof tl prlfuno h sthào lporhtkic plkit. @ut kt rofunos tmo vlathco chki le tmo nkrnukt. Hiswor: n Vmks slgotkgos ks kitlaorhào hif smluaf ò Oxpahihtkli: ^ 7 8 + @oth hvlkfof ki slgo hppaknhtklis. ^l, tmo `khskic ^74 tonmikquos hro usof. @oth 7 -8. ;. Vmo togporhturo nmhicos fl ilt heeont tmo ^th`kakty. h) Vruo `) Ehaso

0. Nlgpoishtkli tonmikquos roeor tl tmo uso le\\\\\\\\\ h) fklfos `) nhphnktlrs n) roskstlrs

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Vmo togporhturo nmhicos tmo

f) trhiselrgors Hiswor: h vhauo le òth wmknm ki turi nmhicos tmo Oxpahihtkli: Nlgpoishtkli tonmikquos roeor sth`kakty le tmo trhisktkli. Vmo togporhturo tl tmo uso le togporhturo soisktkvo fovknos nmhicos heeont tmo gl`kakty le tmo nmhrco sunm hs tmorgkstlrs, fklfos, trhiskstlrs, nhrrkos wmknm rosuats ki h nmhico le tmo soiskstlrs otn tl nlgpoishto vhrkhtkli ki nurroit phrhgotors heeontkic sth`kakty. nurroits. ^lgotkgos elr oxnoaaoit `khs hif tmorgha sth`kakzhtkli, `ltm sth`kakzhtkli hif 84. Nlgphrkic ekxof hif nlaaontlr tl `hso `khs wmknm le tmo elaalwkic sthtogoit ks truo< nlgpoishtkli tonmikquos hro usof. h) Ekxof `khs ks glro sthào >. Ki h skaknli trhiskstlr, wmknm le tmo `) Nlaaontlr tl `hso `khs ks glro sthào elaalwkic nmhico skcikeknhitay tl tmo nmhico n) @ltm hro tmo shgo ki torgs le sth`kakty f) Fopoifs li tmo foskci Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Elr ekxof `khs nkrnukt, ^ 7 8+òth, glro tmo òth, aossor tmo sth`kakty Elr nlaaontlr tl `hso `khs ^ 7 (8+òth)/(8+òth(P N/P N+P @)) Moino nlaaontlr tl `hso `khs ks glro sthào.

VLTKN 8.5 @KH^ NLGTOI^HVKLI VONMIKX_O^ _^KIC FKLFO, VMOPGK^VLP HIF ÔI^K^VLP

ki < h) KUNNO `) K@ n) U@O `) KO Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Elr corghikug trhiskstlr,

nmhicos ki KNL wktm togporhturo nlitrkùto glro sorklus prlàog tmhi elr skaknli trhiskstlr. Li tmo ltmor mhif, ki h skaknli trhiskstlr, tmo nmhicos le U@O wktm

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togporhturo plssossos skcikeknhitay tl tmo nmhicos ki KN. 6. Smht ks tmo nlgpoishtkli oaogoit usof elr vhrkhtkli ki U@O hif KNL< h) fklfos `) nhphnktlrs n) roskstlrs f) trhiselrgors Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: H fklfo ks usof hs tmo

nlgpoishtkli oaogoit usof vhrkhtkli ki U@O hif KNL. Vmo fklfo usof ks le tmo shgo ghtorkha hif typo hs tmht le trhiskstlr. Moino, tmo vlathco hnrlss tmo fklfo mhs shgo togporhturo nloeeknkoit hs U@O le tmo trhiskstlr. ?. Vmo oxprosskli elr KN ki tmo nlgpoishtkli elr kisth`kakty fuo tl KNL vhrkhtkli\\\\\\\\\ h) ΰK+ΰKL+ΰKNL `) ΰK+ΰKL n) ΰKL+ΰKNL f) ΰK+ΰKNL Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Ki tmks gotmlf, fklfo ks usof

gohis, kts rosksthino fonrohsos oxplioitkhaay wktm kinrohskic V. Vmo tmorgkstlr PV ks usof tl gkikgkzo tmo kinrohso ki nlaaontlr nurroit. 3. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic mhs h iochtkvo togporhturo nloeeknkoit le rosksthino< h) nhphnktlr `) fklfo n) tmorgkstlr f) soiskstlr Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Vmo soiskstlr mhs h plsktkvo

togporhturo nloeeknkoit le rosksthino. Kt ks h togporhturo soisktkvo roskstlr. Kt ks h mohvkay flpof sogknlifuntlr. Smoi vlathco ks fonrohsof, tmo iot elrwhrf ogkttor vlathco fonrohsos. Hs h rosuat tmo nlaaontlr nurroit fonrohsos. =. ki nlaaontlr ogkttor vlathconurroit erlg ?UKinrohso tl =U nhusos kinrohso ki nlaaontlr erlg ?gH tl ?.>gH. Fotorgkio tmo fyihgkn lutput rosksthino. h) 04b℥ `) 84b℥ n) ?4b℥ f) 54b℥ Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: r l7∅UNO/∅KN

elr tmo nlgpoishtkli ki vhrkhtkli le KNL. Vmo fklfo usof ks le tmo shgo ghtorkha hif typo hs 7>/4.>g784b℥. tmht le trhiskstlr. Moino, tmo rovorso shturhtkli nurroit KL le tmo fklfo wkaa ;. Vmo`y lutput rosksthino le N@ trhiskstlr ks ckvoi \\\\\\\\\ kinrohso wktm togporhturo ht tmo shgo rhto hs h) ∅UN@/∅KN tmo trhiskstlr nlaaontlr shturhtkli nurroit KNL. `) ∅U /∅K @O @ n) ∅U@O/∅KN 5. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic mhs h iochtkvo f) ∅UO@/∅KO togporhturo nloeeknkoit le rosksthino< h) soiskstlr Hiswor: h `) fklfo Oxpahihtkli: Vmo rhtkl le nmhico ki nlaaontlr n) tmorgkstlr `hso vlathco (∅UN@) tl rosuatkic nmhico ki f) nhphnktlr nlaaontlr nurroit (∅KN) ht nlisthit ogkttor Hiswor: n nurroit (KO) ks foekiof hs lutput rosksthino. Oxpahihtkli: togporhturo nloeeknkoit Vmo tmorgkstlr le rosksthino. mhs h iochtkvo Kt

Vmks ks foiltof `y r l.

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84. Vmo iochtkvo skci ki tmo elrguah le hgpakeknhtkli ehntlr kifknhtos\\\\\\\\\ h) tmht KO ealws kitl trhiskstlr wmkao KN ealws lut kt `) tmht KN ealws kitl trhiskstlr wmkao KO ealws lut kt n) tmht lut kt K@ ealws kitl trhiskstlr wmkao KN ealws f) tmht KN ealws kitl trhiskstlr wmkao K@ ealws lut kt

tl UC^, hif sghaa nmhicos ki UC^ nhuso prlplrtklihto nmhicos ki KF^, hif tmo fovkno nhi hnt hs hi hgpakekor. 0. Ki tmo ckvoi sktuhtkli elr i-nmhiioa JJEOV EOV,, wo cot frhki-tl-slurno nurroit ks ?gH. Smht ks tmo nurroit wmoi U 7 „ 5U< C^

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Smoi il skciha ks hppakof, tmo

rhtkl le nlaaontlr nurroit tl ogkttor nurroit ks nhaaof fn hapmh, θfn le h trhiskstlr. θfn7KN/KO. Kt ks tmo gohsuro le tmo quhakty le h trhiskstlr. Mkcmor ks tmo vhauo le θ, òttor ks tmo trhiskstlr ki tmo soiso tmht nlaaontlr nurroit hpprlhnmos tmo ogkttor nurroit.

VLTKN 8.3 @KH^KIC @JV ^SKVNMKIC NKPN_KV^JEOV FN ALHF AKIO HIF @KH^ TLKIV, UHPKL_^ UHPKL_^ @KH^KIC GOVMLF^ LE JEOV - JEOV @KH^ NKPN_KV FO^KCI 8. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic sthtogoits hro truo< ks `khsof tl lporhto kt ki hntkvo rockli T: JEOV X: GLÊOV ks `khsof tl lporhto kt ki shturhtkli rockli nlrront h) @ltm T hif X hro t `) T ks nlrront hif X ks kinlrront kinlrron n) T ks kinlrront hif X ks nlrront f) @ltm T hif X hro kinlrront Hiswor: n Smkao trhiskstlrs hro `khsof tl Oxpahihtkli: wlrb ki tmo hntkvo rockli, tl hnt hs hgpakekors, EOV fovknos hro kistohf `khsof ki tmo shturhtkli rockli tl wlrb hs hi hgpakekor, wmotmor kt ò h JEOV lr h GLÊOV. Ki shturhtkli, nurroit KF^ nmhicos wktm rospont

h) ? gH `) 4.?H  H n) 4.80? f) 4.?H Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: KF^ 7 KF^^(8-UC^/UT)0 Smoi UC^ 7 4, KF^^ 7 KF^ 7 ?gH Smoi UC^ 7 -5U, KF^ 7 ?gH(8 + 6)0 KF^ 7 ? x 0? 7 80? gH. >. Nliskfor tmo elaalwkic nkrnukt. Ckvoi tmht UFF 7 8?U, UT 7 0U, hif KF^ 7 >gH, tl `khs tmo nkrnukt prlporay, soaont tmo prlpor sthtogoit.

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h) P F 1 5bΫ `) P F 9 5bΫ n) P F 9 6bΫ f) P F 1 6bΫ 6bΫ Hiswor: h Ki ckvoi nkrnukt, UC^ 7 -?U Oxpahihtkli: UF^ 7 UFF „ KF^P F Vl `khs prlporay UF^  9 |UT| „ |UC^| UF^ 9 -> 8? „ >gH*P F 9 -> ->gH*P F 9 -8= P F 1 5bΫ. 6. Nliskfor tmo nkrnukt smlwi. UF^7> U. Ke KF^70gH, ekif UFF tl `khs nkrnukt.

h) ->4U `) >4U n) >>U f) Hiy vhauo le vlathco aoss tmhi 80 U Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: UF^ 7 UFF „ KF^(84b + ?b)

> 7 UFF „ 0(8?) > 7 UFF „ >4 UFF 7 >> U. ?. Vl `khs h o-GLÊOV \\\\\\\\\\\ h) wo nhi uso oktmor chto `khs lr h vlathco fkvkfor `khs nkrnukt `) wo nhi uso oktmor chto `khs lr h soae so ae `khs nkrnukt n) wo nhi uso oktmor soae `khs lr h vlathco fkvkfor `khs nkrnukt f) wo nhi uso hiy typo le `khs nkrnukt Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Vl `khs hi o-GLÊOV, wo

nhiilt uso h soae `khs nkrnukt ònhuso tmo chto tl slurno vlathco elr sunm h nkrnukt ks zorl. Vmus, il nmhiioa ks elrgof hif wktmlut tmo nmhiioa, tmo GLÊOV flosi‛t wlrb prlporay. Ke soae `khs nkrnukt ks usof, tmoi F-GLÊOV nhi ò lporhtof ki fopaotkli glfo.

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5. Nliskfor tmo elaalwkic nkrnukt. Trlnoss trhisnlifunthino phrhgotor 7 4.?4 gH/U0, S/A78, Vmrosmlaf vlathco v lathco 7 >U >U,, UFF 7 04U. Ekif tmo lporhtkic plkit le nkrnukt.

h) ->.=>U, 4.355gH `) -0.>6?U, -0.>6?U, 4.65;gH n) >.=>U, 4.65;gH f) 0.>U, 4.3gH h) 04U, 0?gH `) 8>U, 00gH 8>U, n) 80.30U, 0>.58gH f) 04U, 0>.58gH

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Smoi UC^ 7 UT tmoi KF^^ 7

UC^ 7 04 x >? / ?? 7 80.30 U KF^ 7 4.0? (;.30)0 KF^ 7 0>.58 gH.

KF^ 7 84gH Hasl, ki h`lvo nkrnukt, UC^ 7 -KF^P ^ 7 „ KF^x?b Vmus, KF^ 7 KF^^(8-UC^/UT)0 ^lavkic wo cot, KF^ 7 4.355gH, 4.65;gH Vmus wo cot UC^ 7 ->.=>U, -0.>6?U Mlwovor, UC^ smluaf ako òtwooi 4 hif U T.

3. Ckvoi UFF 7 0?U, UT 7 ->U. Smoi UC^ 7 ->U, KF^ 7 84gH. Ekif tmo lporhtkic plkit le tmo nkrnukt.

=. Nliskfor tmo elaalwkic nkrnukt. KF^^ 7 0gH, U 7 >4U. >4U. Ekif P, ckvoi tmht U 7 „ FF T 0U.. 0U

Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: KF^ 7 Rb‛S/A(UC^ „ UV)0W/0

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KF^ ks sthào fuo tl tmo prosoino le slurno rosksthino P ^ ki tmo nkrnukt. Vmo slurno rosksthino moaps prlvkfo iochtkvo eoof`hnb tl boop nurroit sthào. Nhphnktlr N^ ks h `yphss nhphnktlr tl provoit fonrohso ki vlathco chki. 84. Elr h GLÊOV, tmo pkinm-lee ks ->U. Chto tl slurno vlathco ks 04U.vlathco S/A rhtkl ks ?. Trlnoss trhisnlifunthino phrhgotor ks 64αH/U0. Ekif frhki tl slurno nurroit ki shturhtkli. h) 4.84 gH `) 4.4?gH n) „ 4.4?gH f) „ ?4H Hiswor: n

h) 84bΫ `) 6bΫ n) 0bΫ f) ?bΫ

Oxpahihtkli: K^F 7 b‛S(U^C „ |UV|)0/0A

K 7 04*?*(-04->)0 7 ?0;44αH 7 4.4?gH. ^F

VLTKN 8.= GLÊOV @KH^KIC

Hiswor: ` KF^^ 7 0gH Oxpahihtkli:

KF^ 7 (UFF „ 8?)/?4b 7 4.>gH

8. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic sthtogoits hro truo< UC^ 7 UT R8 „ W ks `khsof tl lporhto kt ki hntkvo rockli T: JEOV UC^ 7 -0 x (8 „ ) 7 „ 8.00U X: GLÊOV ks `khsof tl lporhto kt ki shturhtkli rockli Vmus UC^ + KF^ x (P) 7 4 nlrront h) @ltm T hif X hro P 7 8.00/4.>gH 7 6bΫ. `) T ks nlrront hif X ks kinlrront n) T ks kinlrront hif X ks nlrront ;. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic sthtogoits hro f) @ltm T hif X hro kinlrront truo< H: Ki h soae `khs nkrnukt, tmo nurroit KF^ ks ilt Hiswor: n sthào. Smkao trhiskstlrs hro `khsof tl Oxpahihtkli: nhphnkthino, N^, phrhaaoa tl P^, @: ^lurno wlrb ki tmo hntkvo rockli, tl hnt hs hgpakekors, rofunos sth`kakty sth`kakty.. EOV fovknos hro kistohf `khsof ki tmo hro nlrront hif @ ks tmo h) @ltm sthtogoits shturhtkli rockli tl wlrb hs hi hgpakekor, nlrront rohslikic hro nlrront ùt @ ks ilt tmo wmotmor kt ò h JEOV lr h GLÊOV. Ki `) @ltm sthtogoits shturhtkli, nurroit KF^ nmhicos wktm rospont nlrront rohsli elr kt n) ^thtogoit H ks nlrront wmkao sthtogoit @ ks tl UC^, hif sghaa nmhicos ki UC^ nhuso wrlic prlplrtklihto nmhicos ki KF^, hif tmo fovkno f) @ltm sthtogoits hro kinlrront nhi hnt hs hi hgpakekor.

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Hiswor: f f   Ki h soae `khs nkrnukt, tmo nurroit Oxpahihtkli:

0. tmofrhki-tl-slurno ckvoi sktuhtklinurroit elr i-nmhiioa EOV,, woKicot ks ?gH.JJEOV Smht

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ks tmo nurroit wmoi UC^ 7 „ 5U<

n) P F 9 6bΫ f) P F 1 6bΫ Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Ki ckvoi nkrnukt, UC^ 7 -?U

UF^ 7 UFF „ KF^P F

h) ? gH `) 4.?H n) 4.80? H f) 4.?H Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: KF^ 7 KF^^(8-UC^/UT)0 Smoi UC^ 7 4, KF^^ 7 KF^ 7 ?gH Smoi UC^ 7 -5U, KF^ 7 ?gH(8 + 6)0 KF^ 7 ? x 0? 7 80? gH.

Vl `khs prlp prlporay oray UF^ 9 |UT| „ |UC^| UF^ 9 -> 8? „ >gH*P F 9 -> ->gH*P F 9 -8= P F 1 5bΫ. 6. Nliskfor tmo nkrnukt smlwi. UF^7> U. Ke KF^70gH, ekif UFF tl `khs nkrnukt.

>. Nliskfor tmo elaalwkic nkrnukt. Ckvoi tmht UFF 7 8?U, UT 7 0U, hif KF^ 7 >gH, tl `khs tmo nkrnukt prlporay, soaont tmo prlpor sthtogoit.

h) ->4U `) >4U n) >>U f) Hiy vhauo le vlathco aoss tmhi 80 U Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: UF^ 7 UFF „ KF^(84b + ?b)

> 7 UFF „ 0(8?) > 7 UFF „ >4 UFF 7 >> U. h) P F 1 5bΫ `) P F 9 5bΫ

?. Vl `khs h o-GLÊOV \\\\\\\\\\\ h) wo nhi uso oktmor chto `khs lr h vlathco fkvkfor `khs nkrnukt

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`) wo nhi uso oktmor chto `khs lr h soae `khs nkrnukt n) wo nhi uso oktmor soae `khs lr h vlathco fkvkfor `khs nkrnukt f) wo nhi uso hiy typo le `khs nkrnukt

3. Ckvoi UFF 7 0?U, UT 7 ->U. Smoi UC^ 7 ->U, KF^ 7 84gH. Ekif tmo lporhtkic plkit le tmo nkrnukt.

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Vl `khs hi o-GLÊOV, wo

nhiilt uso h soae `khs nkrnukt ònhuso tmo chto tl slurno vlathco elr sunm h nkrnukt ks zorl. Vmus, il nmhiioa ks elrgof hif wktmlut tmo nmhiioa, tmo GLÊOV flosi‛t wlrb prlporay. Ke soae `khs nkrnukt ks usof, tmoi F-GLÊOV nhi ò lporhtof ki fopaotkli glfo.

5. Nliskfor tmo elaalwkic nkrnukt. Trlnoss trhisnlifunthino phrhgotor 7 4.?4 gH/U0, S/A78, Vmrosmlaf vlathco v lathco 7 >U >U,, UFF 7 04U. h) ->.=>U, 4.355gH Ekif tmo lporhtkic plkit le nkrnukt. `) -0.>6?U, -0.>6?U, 4.65;gH n) 4.65;gH f) >.=>U, 0.>U, 4.3gH Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Smoi UC^ 7 UT tmoi KF^^ 7

KF^ 7 84gH Hasl, ki h`lvo nkrnukt, UC^ 7 -KF^P ^ 7 „ KF^x?b Vmus, KF^ 7 KF^^(8-UC^/UT)0 ^lavkic wo cot, KF^ 7 4.355gH, 4.65;gH Vmus wo cot UC^ 7 ->.=>U, -0.>6?U Mlwovor, U smluaf ako òtwooi 4 hif U . h) 04U, 0?gH `) 8>U, 8>U, 00gH n) 80.30U, 0>.58gH f) 04U, 0>.58gH

C^

T

=. Nliskfor tmo elaalwkic nkrnukt. KF^^ 7 0gH, UFF 7 >4U. >4U. Ekif P, ckvoi tmht U T 7 „ 0U.. 0U

Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: KF^ 7 Rb‛S/A(UC^ „ UV)0W/0

UC^ 7 04 x >? / ?? 7 80.30 U KF^ 7 4.0? (;.30)0 KF^ 7 0>.58 gH.

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KF^ ks sthào fuo tl tmo prosoino le slurno rosksthino P ^ ki tmo nkrnukt. Vmo slurno rosksthino moaps prlvkfo iochtkvo eoof`hnb tl boop nurroit sthào. Nhphnktlr N^ ks h `yphss nhphnktlr tl provoit fonrohso ki vlathco chki. 84. h GLÊOV, tmo pkinm-lee ks ->U.Elr Chto tl slurno vlathco ks 04U.vlathco S/A rhtkl ks ?. Trlnoss trhisnlifunthino phrhgotor ks 64αH/U0. Ekif frhki tl slurno nurroit ki shturhtkli. h) 4.84 gH `) 4.4?gH n) „ 4.4?gH f) „ ?4H Hiswor: n

h) 84bΫ `) 6bΫ n) 0bΫ f) ?bΫ

Oxpahihtkli: K^F 7 b‛S(U^C „ |UV|)0/0A

K 7 04*?*(-04->)0 7 ?0;44αH 7 4.4?gH. ^F

VLTKN 8.; @KH^KIC EOV ^SKVNMKIC NKPN_KV^.

Hiswor: ` KF^^ 7 0gH Oxpahihtkli:

KF^ 7 (UFF „ 8?)/?4b 7 4.>gH

8. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic roahtkli ks truo h`lut chto nurroit< h) KC7KF+K^ `) KF7KC n) K^7 KC f) K 74 C ;. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic sthtogoits hro truo UC^ 7 UT R8 „ W UC^ 7 -0 x (8 „ ) 7 „ 8.00U Vmus UC^ + KF^ x (P) 7 4 P 7 8.00/4.>gH 7 6bΫ. 󰁋

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Hiswor: f f   Ki h soae `khs nkrnukt, tmo nurroit Oxpahihtkli:

f) KF7KF^^ (8-Ucs/U p)6

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Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Vmo h`lvo oquhtkli nhaaof hs

^mlnbaoy‛s oquhtkli fopknts tmo roahtkli òtwooi KF hif Ucs. Smoi Ucs ònlgos oquha tlU p, tmo nurroit wkaa ònlgo zorl, wmknm naohray shtksekos tmo pmysknha ihturo le

@utUPs+Ucs74 Ucs7-KF P s. 5. Elr h soae-`khs nkrnukt, ekif frhki tl slurno vlathco ke UFF780U, KF78gH, P s7P F78B℥< h) 8U

EOV. >. Elr h ekxof `khs nkrnukt tmo frhki nurroit whs 8gH, wmht ks tmo vhauo le slurno nurroit< h) 4gH `) 8gH n) 0gH f) >gH

`) 0U n) 84U f) ?U

Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: So bilw tmht elr hi EOV shgo

3. Ekif tmo chto vlathco elr vlathco fkvkfor mhvkic P 87P 078B℥ hif UFF7?U< h) 8U `) ?U n) >U f) 0.?U

nurroit ealws tmrlucm tmo chto hif slurno torgkiha, Moino slurno nurroit78gH. 6. Elr h ekxof `khs nkrnukt tmo frhki nurroit whs 8gH, UFF780U, fotorgkio frhki rosksthino roqukrof ke UF^784U< h) 8B℥ `) 8.?B℥ n) 0B℥ f) 6B℥

Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: UF^7UFF-KF (P F+P s)

79UF^780-8gH(8B℥+8B℥) 79UF^784U.

Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: UC 7 P 0ÓUFF/P 8+P 0

79UC78Ó?/0 79 UC7 0.?U.

=. Ekif tmo chto tl slurno vlathco elr vlathco fkvkfor mhvkic P 87P 070B℥ hif UFF780U, KF78gH hif P ^76B℥< 7984780-P FÓ8gH h) >U `) 0U 79P F70/8gH70 B℥. n) 4U ?. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic oquhtkli `rkics tmo f) 8U roahtkli òtwooi chto tl slurno vlathco hif frhki nurroit ki ôae @khs< Hiswor: ` h) Ucs7UFF Oxpahihtkli: UC 7 P 0ÓUFF/P 8+P 0 `) Ucs7-KF P s 79UC70Ó80/6 n) Ucs74 79UC75U f) Ucs78+KF P s 79UC^7UC-KF P s 79UC^70U. Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: UPs7KF P s ;. Smht wkaa mhppoi ke vhauos le P s kinrohso< h) Ucs Kinrohsos Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: UF^7UFF-KF P F

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`) Ucs Fonrohsos n) Ucs Poghkis tmo shgo f) Ucs74

Elr sghaa h.n. skciha, trhiskstlr òmhvos hs akiohr fovkno. _ifor sunm nkrnugsthinos tmo h.n. skciha lporhtkli le h trhiskstlr nhi ò fosnrkòf ki torgs le m-phrhgotors.

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Kinrohskic vhauos le P s rosuat ki

0. Elr wmht typo le skcihas flos h trhiskstlr òmhvos hs akiohr fovkno< h) sghaa skcihas liay `) ahrco skcihas liay n) `ltm ahrco hif sghaa skciha f) il skciha

alwor qukosnoit vhauos le KF hif glro iochtkvo vhauos le Ucs. 84. Smht ks tmo nurroit ealwkic tmrlucm tmo P 8 roskstlr elr vlathco fkvkfor (P 87P 078B℥, UFF784U)< h) ?gH `) >gH n) 8gH f) 0gH Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: KP87KP0 7UFF/P 8+P 0

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Vmo sghaa vhrkhtkli ki tmo tltha

vlathco hif nurroit fuo tl hi hppaknhtkli le skciha glvos tmo plkit up hif flwi just `y h `kt hif tmht wmlao up hif flwi fyihgkns le tmo lporhtkic plkit erlg kts FN vhauo plkit nhi ò hpprlxkghtof tl ò halic h strhkcmt akio. Smlao hihaysks nhi ò flio wktm shgo

79KP8 7 84/0B℥ 79KP8 7 ?gH.

hssugptkli tmo akgkt skciha òkiclekiakiohrkty tmo shgowktm vknkikty le tmole FN lporhtkic plkit. Vmht‛s mlw wo cot haa tmlso oquhtklis elr el r akiohr lporhtkli hif hasl kts sghaa skciha oqukvhaoit glfoa uskic m-phrhgotors.

_IKV KK @JV HGTAKEKOP^

>. Mlw ghiy m-phrhgotors hro tmoro elr h trhiskstlr< h) twl `) tmroo n) elur f) ekvo

VLTKN 0.8 ^GHAA ^KCIHA M[@PKF Ì₡ OX_KUHAOIV NKPN_KV LE @JV 8. Vmo m-phrhgotors hihaysks ckvos nlrront rosuats elr \\\\\\\\\\ h) ahrco skcihas liay `) sghaa skcihas liay n) `ltm ahrco hif sghaa f) ilt ahrco ilr sghaa skcihas Hiswor: ` Ovory akiohr nkrnukt ks Oxpahihtkli: hsslnkhtof wktm m „phrhgotors. Smoi tmks akiohr nkrnukt ks torgkihtof wktm alhf r A, wo nhi ekifchki, kiputotn kgpofhino, chki, vlathco ki torgs lenurroit m-phrhgotors.

Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: H trhiskstlr mhs elur m-

phrhgotors „ M88 7 U8/k8 (Kiput Kgpofhino wktm lutput smlrt nkrnuktof) M08 7 k0/k8 (Nurroit chki wktm lutput smlrt nkrnuktof) M80 7 U8/U0 (Ulathco (Ulathco chki wktm eoof`hnb rhtkl wktm kiput torgkihas lpoi) M00 7 k0/U0 (Lutput Hfgktthino wktm kiput torgkihas lpoi).

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6. Vmo fkgoisklis le mko phrhgotors hro \\\\\\\ h) GML `) LMG n) Ehrhf f) Hgporo

3. Ke togporhturo nmhicos, m phrhgotors le h trhiskstlr \\\\\ h) hasl nmhico `) flos ilt nmhico n) roghkis shgo f) ghy lr ghy ilt nmhico

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: mko 7 v@O/k `2 nlggli ogkttor

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Kt ks vory fkeeknuat tl cot oxhnt

kiput kgpofhino Elr UNO 7 4 k.o. lutput smlrt nkrnuktof Smoro v@O 7 @hso ogkttor vlathco k.o. kiput vlathco k ` 7 @hso nurroit k.o. kiput nurroit So bilw tmht U/K 7 P. Kts uikt ks lmg. ?. Vmo meo phrhgotor ks nhaaof \\\\\\\ ki NO hrrhicogoit wktm lutput smlrt nkrnuktof. h) Ulathco Chki `) Nurroit chki n) Kiput kgpofhino f) Lutput kgpofhino Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: meo ki NO hrrhicogoit ks ckvoi

hs Meo 7 Kn/K ` elr UNO 7 4 smlrt nkrnuktof ^l, tmks ks nurroit chki hs kt ks tmoi lutput tl kiput nurroit rhtkl.

vhauos le m phrhgotors elr h phrtknuahr trhiskstlr. Kt ks ònhuso tmoso phrhgotors hro su`jont tl nliskforhào vhrkhtkli uikt tl uikt vhrkhtkli, vhrkhtkli fuo tl nmhico ki togporhturo hif vhrkhtkli fuo tl tmo lporhtkic plkit. =. Ki NO hrrhicogoit, tmo vhauo le kiput kgpofhino ks hpprlxkghtoay oquha tl \\\\\ h) MKO `) MK@ n) MLO f) MPO Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: mko 7 v@O/k `2 nlggli ogkttor

kiput kgpofhino Elr UNO 7 4 k.o. lutput smlrt nkrnuktof Smoro v@O 7@hso ogkttor vlathco k.o. kiput vlathco k ` 7 @hso nurroit k.o. kiput nurroit.

5. Smht mhppois tl tmo m phrhgotors le h trhiskstlr wmoi tmo lporhtkic plkit le tmo trhiskstlr nmhicos< h) Kt hasl nmhicos `) Flos ilt nmhico n) Ghy lr ghy ilt nmhico f) Iltmkic mhppois

;. Mlw ghiy m-phrhgotors le h trhiskstlr hro fkgoiskliaoss< h) Elur `) Vwl Vwl n) Vmroo f) Lio

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Kt ks vory fkeeknuat tl cot oxhnt

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: (k) M88 7 U8/K82 elr U0 7 4

vhauos le m phrhgotors elr h phrtknuahr trhiskstlr. Kt ks ònhuso tmoso phrhgotors hro su`jont tl nliskforhào vhrkhtkli uikt tl uikt vhrkhtkli, vhrkhtkli fuo tl nmhico ki togporhturo hif vhrkhtkli fuo tl tmo lporhtkic plkit.

(lutput smlrt nkrnuktof) Vmks phrhgotor ks kiput kgpofhino wktm lutput smlrt. Kts uikt ks lmg. (kk) M08 7 k0/k82 elr U0 7 4 (lutput smlrt nkrnuktof)

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Vmks phrhgotor ks Nurroit chki rhtkl wktm lutput smlrt. Kt ks uikt aoss lr fkgoiskliaoss. (kkk) M80 7 U8/U02 elr k8 7 4 (kiput lpoi nkrnuktof) Vmks ks vlathco chki eoof`hnb rhtkl wktm torgkihas lpoi. Hif kt ks uikt aoss lr fkgoiskliaoss. (kv) M00 7 k0/v02 elr k8 7 4 (kiput lpoi nkrnuktof) Vmks ks lutput hfgktthino wktm kiput torgkihas lpoi. Kts uikt ks lmg-8 lr gml. Vmus tmoro hro twl m-phrhgotors wmknm hro uikt aoss lr fkgoiskliaoss.

VLTKN 0.0 OHPA[ OEEONV HIHA[^K^ LE NO NN HIF N@ 8. Kcilrkic ohray oeeont, ke P 8 ks tmo tltha rosksthino nliiontof tl tmo `hso hif P 0 ks tmo tltha nliiontof ht tmokiput nlaaontlr, wmht rosksthino nluaf ò tmo hpprlxkghto plao le h skgpao N.O. sthco< g*P 0) + Nτ)W h) 8 / RP 8 * (N¿(0+c `) 8 / RP 8 * (N¿(8+0*cg*P 0) + Nτ)W n) 8 / RP 8 * (N¿(8+cg*P 0) + Nτ)W f) 8 / RP 8 * (N¿(8-cg*P 0) + Nτ)W Hiswor: n Vmo kiput plao nhi ò Oxpahihtkli:

84. Vmo vhauos le m-phrhgotors le h trhiskstlr hpprlxkghtoay nhanuahtof `y l`sorvkic tmo ki NO hrrhicogoit hro \\\\\\\\ kiput ilfo. Vmo kiput ilfo ks tmo ilfo wmoro hrrhicogoit. tmo `hso le tmo @.J.V. ks nliiontof tl tmo kiput h) shgo vlathco. Vmo prlfunt le tltha rosksthino hif `) shgo hs hs elr elr N@ NN nhphnkthino nliiontof ht tmht phrtknuahr ilfo n) fkeeoroit erlg tmht ki N@ ks P 8 * Nki hif Nki ks N¿(8+cg*P 0) + Nτ- tmo f) skgkahr tl il kivorso le tmks prlfunt ckvos us tmo kiput plao. Hiswor: n Vmus tmo nlrront lptkli ks 8 / RP 8 * Oxpahihtkli: Vmo vhauos le m-phrhgotor ki (N¿(8+cg*P 0) + Nτ)W. NO hrrhicogoit: Mko 7 U ò/K `2 elr Uno 7 4 (lutput smlrt 0. Kcilrkic ohray oeeont, ke P 0 ks tmo tltha nkrnuktof) rosksthino ht tmo nlaaontlr, wmht nluaf ò tmo Meo 7 kn/k `2 elr Uno 7 4 (lutput smlrt nkrnuktof) hpprlxkghto lutput plao le h skgpao N.O. Mro 7 U ò/Uno2 elr k ` 7 4 (kiput lpoi sthco< 0 * (Nns + N¿*(8 + 0/cg*P 0))W h) 8 / RP nkrnuktof) Mlo 7 kn/vno2 elr k  `` 7 4 (kiput lpoi nkrnuktof) `) 8 / RP 0 * (Nns „ N¿*(8 + 8/cg*P 0))W n) 8 / RP 0 * (Nns + N¿*(8 „ 8/cg*P 0))W Vmo vhauos le m-phrhgotor ki N@ f) 8 / RP 0 * (Nns + N¿*(8 + 8/cg*P 0))W hrrhicogoit: Mk` 7 U ò/Ko2 elr U `n 7 4 (lutput smlrt Hiswor: f nkrnuktof) Vmo lutput plao nhi ò Oxpahihtkli: Me` 7 kn/Ko2 elr U `n 7 4 (lutput smlrt hpprlxkghtoay nhanuahtof `y l`sorvkic tmo nkrnuktof) lutput ilfo. Elr h N.O. sthco, tmo lutput ilfo Mr` 7 U ò/U `n2 elr ko 7 4 (kiput lpoi ks tmo ilfo wmoro tmo Nlaaontlr le tmo @.J.V. ks nliiontof tl tmo lutput gohsurkic fovkno. nkrnuktof) Ml` 7 kn/v ò2 elr ko 7 4 (kiput lpoi nkrnuktof). Vmo prlfunt le tltha rosksthino hif nhphnkthino nliiontof ht tmht phrtknuahr ilfo ks P 0 * Nlut hif Nlut ks (Nns + N¿*(8 +

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8/cg*P 0). Vmo kivorso le tmks prlfunt ckvos us tmo lutput plao. Vmus tmo nlrront lptkli ks 8 / RP 0 * (Nns + N¿*(8 + 8/cg*P 0))W.

ogkttor le tmo @.J.V. @.J.V. ks 8/cg. Vmo nhphnkthino nliiontof tl tmo kiput ilfo ks N8 (hs goitkliof). Vmo kivorso prlfunt le tmoso twl prlvkfos us tmo kiput plao le tmo N.@. sthco.

>. Ke tmo alhf rosksthino le h N.O. sthco kinrohsos `y h ehntlr le 0, wmht mhppois tl tmo 5. Kcilrkic ohray oeeont, ke P 8 ks tmo tltha mkcm h) Vmoeroquoiny > f` rlaa rospliso< lee lnnurs ehstor `) Vmo > f` rlaa lee lnnurs ahtor n) Vmo kiput plao smkets tlwhrfs lrkcki f) Vmo kiput plao ònlgos kiekikto Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Ke tmo alhf rosksthino kinrohsos

rosksthino tl tmo N.@. nlaaontlr2 tmo lutput nliiontof plao le h skgpao sthco 80. Ke 8/m80 7 6, elr h N.O. sthco- wmht ks tmo f) 0 vhauo le tmo `hso tl nlaaontlr nhphnkthino, hetor Gkaaor guatkpaknhtkli, ht tmo kiput skfo< Hiswor: f h) 6N¿ Oxpahihtkli: Vmo sghaa skciha chki, le tmo `) ?N¿ N.@. sthco, ki h nhsnlfo sthco ks n) 5N¿ hpprlxkghtoay oquha tl tmo rhtkl le tmo trhisnlifunthinos le tmo twl @.J.V.‛ @.J.V.‛s. s. ^kino f) 8.8N¿ tmoy hro rlucmay shgo, tmo chki ks 8. Gkaaor guatkpaknhtkli aohfs tl guatkpaykic tmo Hiswor: n nhphnkthino, òtwooi `hso hif nlaaontlr, `y h Oxpahihtkli: Vmo nhphnktlr, N¿, cots ehntlr le (8 + sghaa skciha chki) wmknm ks 0. guatkpakof `y h ehntlr le (8 + Hv), ht tmo kiput Moino, tmo nlrront lptkli ks 0. skfo le h N.O. sthco. 8/m80 ks oquha tl Hv skino m80 ks tmo rovorso vlathco hgpakeknhtkli ehntlr. 84. Ke tmo @.J.V. ks usof hs h elaalwor, wmknm nhphnktlr oxporkoinos Gkaaor guatkpaknhtkli< Moino, tmo ekiha vhauo ònlgos ?N¿. h) Nτ `) N¿ 8>. Vmo trhisnlifunthino le h @.J.V.ks ?g^ (cg) wmkao h 0B℥ (P a) alhf rosksthino ks n) Nns nliiontof tl tmo N.O. sthco. Iocaontkic Ohray f) N ` oeeont, wmht ks tmo Gkaaor guatkpaknhtkli ehntlr elr tmo kiput skfo< Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: So ekif tmht tmo kiput ks ckvoi

tl tmo `hso le tmo @.J.V. wmkao tmo lutput ks

h) 08 `) 88

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nhi ò hpprlxkghtof tl ò halic h strhkcmt akio. Smlao hihaysks nhi ò flio wktm shgo hssugptkli le akiohrkty wktm tmo akgkt le Hiswor: ` skciha òkic ki tmo shgo vknkikty le tmo FN Oxpahihtkli: Vmo Gkaaor guatkpaknhtkli ehntlr lporhtkic plkit. elr tmo kiput skfo le h N.O. sthco ks (8+Hv). Vmht‛s mlw wo cot haa tmlso oquhtklis elr el r akiohr lporhtkli hif hasl kts sghaa skciha Ilw,, H Ilw Hvv ks tmo sghaa skciha alw eroquoiny oqukvhaoit glfoa uskic m-phrhgotors. chki le tmo N.O. sthco wmknm ks cg*P A784. Moino, tmo Gkaaor guatkpaknhtkli ehntlr ks 88. >. Mlw ghiy m-phrhgotors hro tmoro elr h trhiskstlr< VLTKN 0.> HGTAKEKOP^ _^KIC h) twl `) tmroo M[@PKF Ì₡ OX_KUHAOIV n) elur NKPN_KV^ - HN ALHF AKIO f) ekvo n) 04 f) 4

HIHA[^K^

8. Vmo m-phrhgotors hihaysks ckvos nlrront rosuats elr \\\\\\\\\\ h) ahrco skcihas liay `) sghaa skcihas liay n) `ltm ahrco hif sghaa f) ilt ahrco ilr sghaa skcihas Hiswor: ` Ovory akiohr nkrnukt ks Oxpahihtkli: hsslnkhtof wktm m „phrhgotors. Smoi tmks akiohr nkrnukt ks torgkihtof wktm alhf r A, wo nhi ekif kiput kgpofhino, nurroit chki, vlathco chki, otn ki torgs le m-phrhgotors. Elr sghaa h.n. skciha, trhiskstlr òmhvos hs akiohr fovkno. _ifor sunm nkrnugsthinos tmo h.n. skciha lporhtkli le h trhiskstlr nhi ò fosnrkòf ki torgs le m-phrhgotors. 0. Elr wmht typo le skcihas flos h trhiskstlr òmhvos hs akiohr fovkno< h) sghaa skcihas liay `) ahrco skcihas liay skciha n) `ltm ahrco hif sghaa f) il skciha Hiswor: h Vmo sghaa vhrkhtkli ki tmo tltha Oxpahihtkli: vlathco hif nurroit fuo tl hi hppaknhtkli le skciha glvos tmo plkit up hif flwi just `y h `kt tmht wmlao hifkts flwi tmo hif lporhtkic plkitup erlg FN fyihgkns vhauo plkitle

Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: H trhiskstlr mhs elur m-

phrhgotors „ M88 7 U8/k8 (Kiput Kgpofhino wktm lutput smlrt nkrnuktof) M08 7 k0/k8 (Nurroit chki wktm lutput smlrt nkrnuktof) M80 7 U8/U0 (Ulathco (Ulathco chki wktm eoof`hnb rhtkl wktm kiput torgkihas lpoi) M00 7 k0/U0 (Lutput Hfgktthino wktm kiput torgkihas lpoi). 6. Vmo fkgoisklis le mko phrhgotors hro \\\\\\\ h) GML `) LMG n) f) Ehrhf Hgporo Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: mko 7 v@O/k `2 nlggli ogkttor

kiput kgpofhino Elr UNO 7 4 k.o. lutput smlrt nkrnuktof Smoro v@O 7 @hso ogkttor vlathco k.o. kiput vlathco k ` 7 @hso nurroit k.o. kiput nurroit So bilw tmht U/K 7 P. Kts uikt ks lmg. ?. Vmo meo phrhgotor ks nhaaof hrrhicogoit wktm lutput smlrt\\\\\\\ nkrnuktof.ki NO

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h) Ulathco Chki `) Nurroit chki n) Kiput kgpofhino f) Lutput kgpofhino

`) MK@ n) MLO f) MPO

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: meo ki NO hrrhicogoit ks ckvoi

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: mko 7 v@O/k `2 nlggli ogkttor

hs Meo 7 Kn/K ` elr UNO 7 4 smlrt nkrnuktof ^l, tmks ks nurroit chki hs kt ks tmoi lutput tl kiput nurroit rhtkl.

kiput Elr Ukgpofhino NO 7 4 k.o. lutput smlrt nkrnuktof Smoro v@O 7@hso ogkttor vlathco k.o. kiput vlathco k ` 7 @hso nurroit k.o. kiput nurroit.

5. Smht mhppois tl tmo m phrhgotors le h trhiskstlr wmoi tmo lporhtkic plkit le tmo trhiskstlr nmhicos< h) Kt hasl nmhicos `) Flos ilt nmhico n) Ghy lr ghy ilt nmhico f) Iltmkic mhppois

;. Mlw ghiy m-phrhgotors le h trhiskstlr hro fkgoiskliaoss< h) Elur `) Vwl Vwl n) Vmroo f) Lio

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Kt ks vory fkeeknuat tl cot oxhnt

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: (k) M88 7 U8/K82 elr U0 7 4

vhauos le m phrhgotors elr h phrtknuahr trhiskstlr. Kt ks ònhuso tmoso phrhgotors hro su`jont tl nliskforhào vhrkhtkli uikt tl uikt vhrkhtkli, vhrkhtkli fuo tl nmhico ki togporhturo hif vhrkhtkli fuo tl tmo lporhtkic plkit. 3. Ke togporhturo nmhicos, m phrhgotors le h trhiskstlr \\\\\ h) hasl nmhico `) flos ilt nmhico n) roghkis shgo f) ghy lr ghy ilt nmhico

(lutput smlrt nkrnuktof) Vmks phrhgotor ks kiput kgpofhino wktm lutput smlrt. Kts uikt ks lmg. (kk) M08 7 k0/k82 elr U0 7 4 (lutput smlrt nkrnuktof) Vmks phrhgotor ks Nurroit chki rhtkl wktm lutput smlrt. Kt ks uikt aoss lr fkgoiskliaoss. (kkk) M80 7 U8/U02 elr k8 7 4 (kiput lpoi

nkrnuktof) Vmks ks vlathco chki eoof`hnb rhtkl wktm torgkihas lpoi. Hiswor: h Hif kt ks uikt aoss lr fkgoiskliaoss. Oxpahihtkli: Kt ks vory fkeeknuat tl cot oxhnt (kv) M00 7 k0/v02 elr k8 7 4 (kiput lpoi vhauos le m phrhgotors elr h phrtknuahr nkrnuktof) trhiskstlr. Kt ks ònhuso tmoso phrhgotors hro Vmks ks lutput hfgktthino wktm kiput torgkihas tor gkihas su`jont tl nliskforhào vhrkhtkli uikt tl uikt lpoi. vhrkhtkli, vhrkhtkli fuo tl nmhico ki Kts uikt ks lmg-8 lr gml. togporhturo hif vhrkhtkli fuo tl tmo lporhtkic Vmus tmoro hro twl m-phrhgotors wmknm hro plkit. uikt aoss lr fkgoiskliaoss. =. Ki NO hrrhicogoit, tmo vhauo le kiput 84. Vmo vhauos le m-phrhgotors le h trhiskstlr kgpofhino ks hpprlxkghtoay oquha tl \\\\\ h) MKO

ki NO hrrhicogoit hro \\\\\\\\

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hrrhicogoit. h) shgo hs elr N@ `) shgo hs elr NN n) fkeeoroit erlg tmht ki N@ f) skgkahr tl il

0. Nliskfor tmo nkrnukt smlwi òalw wmoro meo7?4

Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Vmo vhauos le m-phrhgotor ki

NO hrrhicogoit: Mko 7 U ò/K `2 elr Uno 7 4 (lutput smlrt nkrnuktof) Meo 7 kn/k `2 elr Uno 7 4 (lutput smlrt nkrnuktof) Mro 7 U ò/Uno2 elr k ` 7 4 (kiput lpoi nkrnuktof) Mlo 7 kn/vno2 elr k ` 7 4 (kiput lpoi nkrnuktof) Nhanuahto tmo kiput rosksthino le tmo iotwlrb. h) 0?? bΫ Vmo vhauos le m-phrhgotor ki N@ `) 8> GΫ hrrhicogoit: n) ? GΫ Mk` 7 U ò/Ko2 elr U `n 7 4 (lutput smlrt f) 0?4 bΫ nkrnuktof) Me` 7 kn/Ko2 elr U `n 7 4 (lutput smlrt nkrnuktof) Mr` 7 U ò/U `n2 elr ko 7 4 (kiput lpoi nkrnuktof) Ml` 7 kn/v ò2 elr ko 7 4 (kiput lpoi nkrnuktof).

VLTKN 0.6 FHPAKICVLI HGTAKEKOP - @LLV^VPHT VONMIKX_O - NH^NHFO, NH^NLFO NLIEKC_PHVKLI^ 8. Smknm le tmoso hro kinlrront h`lut Fhrakictli hgpakekor< h) Kt mhs h mkcm kiput rosksthino `) Vmo lutput rosksthino ks alw n) Kt mhs h uikty vlathco chki f) Kt ks h nurroit ùeeor Hiswor: f H Fhrakictli hgpakekor mhs h Oxpahihtkli: vory mkcm kiput rosksthino, alw lutput rosksthino, uikty vlathco chki hif h mkcm nurroit chki. Kt ks h vlathco ùeeor, ilt h nurroit ùeeor.

Hiswor: ` Vmo alhf elr tmo ekrst trhiskstlr Oxpahihtkli:

ki tmo ekcuro ks tmo kiput rosksthino le tmo sonlif. eo)?b 7 0??bΫ P O8 7 (8+m Iot kiput rosksthino, P K 7 (8+meo)P O87 (8+meo)0?b 7 8>44?b 7 8>GΫ. >. Ckvoi tmo elaalwkic nkrnukt

Kt ks ckvoi tmht meo7??, mko78bΫ, mlo70?αΫ-8. Nhanuahto tmo iot nurroit chki hif tmo vlathco chki le tmo iotwlrb. h) HK78;0.5, Hv7004 `) HK78, HU7004 7004

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n) HK78;0.5, HU78 f) HK78;0.5, HU7?? Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: HK7H8xH0

HK 7 R8+meo/8+mlomeoP OWxR8+meoW HK 7 ?8Ó?8/(8+0?x?4x84x84->) 7 8;0.5. 6. Ki h Fhrakictli phkr, tmo lvorhaa ΰ78?444.ΰ87844. Nhanuahto tmo nlaaontlr nurroit elr X0 ckvoi `hso nurroit elr X8 ks 04 αH.

h) >44 gH `) 0;= gH n) 0 gH f) 044gH Hiswor: ` K@ 7 04 αH Oxpahihtkli: KN 7 ΰ.K@ 7 8?444 x 04α 7 >44 gH KN8 7 ΰ8.K@ 7 844.04α 7 0gH KN0 7 >44 „ 0 7 0;=gH.

n) Vl provoit h fonrohso ki tmo kiput rosksthino fuo tl tmo prosoino le guatkpao @JV hgpakekors f) Vl provoit h fonrohso ki tmo kiput rosksthino fuo tl tmo `khskic iotwlrb Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: H `lltstrhp `khskic iotwlrb ks

h sponkha `khskic nkrnukt usof ki Fhrakictli hgpakekor tl provoit tmo fonrohso ki kiput rosksthino fuo tl tmo `khskic iotwlrb òkic usof. Nhphnktlrs hif roskstlrs hro hffof tl tmo nkrnukt tl provoit kt erlg mhppoikic.

3. Nliskfor h Fhrakictli hgpakekor. Ki tmo soae `khs iotwlrb, tmo `khskic rosksthinos hro 004bΫ hif 644 bΫ. Smht nhi ò tmo nlrront vhauo le kiput rosksthino ke meo7?4 hif ogkttor rosksthino 7 84bΫ. h) 868 bΫ `) 8? GΫ GΫ n) 04 f) 044 bΫ Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: P‛ 7 004b||644b 7 860 bΫ

P K 7 (8+meo)0P O 7 05GΫ P K‛ 7 05G||860b 7 868.00 B.

=. Smht ks h nhsnlfo hgpakekor< h) H nhsnhfo le twl NO hgpakekors `) H nhsnhfo le twl N@ hgpakekors ?. Fhrakictli hgpakekor ks hi ogkttor elaalwor. n) H nhsnhfo le NO hif N@ hgpakekors h) Vruo f) H nhsnhfo le N@ hif NN hgpakekors `) Ehaso Hiswor: n Hiswor2 h Oxpahihtkli: H nhsnlfo hgpakekor ks h Fhrakictli phkr ks hi ogkttor Oxpahihtkli: nhsnhfo iotwlrb le NO hif N@ hgpakekors, lr elaalwor nkrnukt, ki wmknm h fhrakic phkr ks N^ hif NC hgpakekors. usof ki pahno le h skicao Kt ks usof hs h wkfo-`hif hgpakekor. h ahrco ΰ hs por trhiskstlr. Kt hasl prlvkfos roqukrogoits. 5. Smht ks tmo ioof elr `lltstrhp `khskic< h) Vl provoit h fonrohso ki tmo chki le iotwlrb `) Vl provoit fuo hi ki tmo kiput rosksthino tl kinrohso tmo `khskic iotwlrb

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;. Nliskfor tmo ekcuro smlwi.

h) >4gΫ-8 `) 84gΫ-8 n) 8gΫ-8 f) 04gΫ-8 Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Elr h GLÊOV nhsnlfo

hgpakekor, tmo iot trhisnlifunthino ki tmo h`lvo iotwlrb smlwi ks oquha tl tmo trhisnlifunthino le GLÊOV G8 tmht ks oquha tl >4gΫ-8.

Ckvoi tmht cg8 7 >4gΫ-8 hif cg0 7 ?4gΫ-8, θ8 7 8.8, θ0 7 8.? wmht ks tmo trhisnlifunthino le tmo oitkro iotwlrb< h) =4 gΫ-8 `) 3? gΫ-8 n) >> gΫ-8 f) ?? gΫ-8

88. Ki tmo ckvoi nkrnukt, meo 7 ?4 hif mko 7 8444Ϋ, ekif lvorhaa kiput hif lutput rosksthino.

Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Vmo h`lvo nkrnukt ks h nhsnlfo

phkr. Elr tmks nkrnukt, tmo lvorhaa trhisnlifunthino ks cg 7 θ8cg0 cg 7 8.8 cg0 7 ??gΫ-8.

84. Ekif tmo trhisnlifunthino le tmo iotwlrb -8

h) P K7;?5Ϋ, P L78.5 bΫ `) P K7;?5 bΫ, P L70 bΫ

ckvoi òalw, 7 0?gU, U@khsprlvkfof 9 6U. tmht cg8 7 >4gΫ . UV n) P K7;?5 Ϋ, P L70 bΫ f) P K7;44Ϋ, P L784 bΫ Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: P L 7 P N 7 0bΫ

Kiput rosksthino 7 mko||?4b||64b 7 4.;?5 bΫ.

VLTKN 0.? FKEEOPOIVKHA HGTAKEKOP, @H^KN @JV FKEEOPOIVKHA THKP

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8. H Fkeeoroitkha Hgpakekor smluaf mhvo nlaaontlr roskstlr‛s vhauo (PN8 & PN0) hs h) ?bΫ, ?bΫ `) ?Ϋ, 84bΫ n) ?Ϋ, ?bΫ f) ?bΫ, 84bΫ

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Smoi twl kiput skcihas hro

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Vmo vhauos le nlaaontlr nurroit

?. H fkeeoroitkha hgpakekor ks nhphào le hgpakeykic h) FN kiput skciha liay `) HN kiput skciha liay n) HN & FN kiput skciha f) Ilio le tmo Goitkliof

wkaa ò oquha ki fkeeoroitkha hgpakekor (PN87PN0).

0. H Fkeeoroitkha Hgpakekor hgpakekos h) Kiput skciha wktm mkcmor vlathco `) Kiput vlathco wktm sghaaor vlathco n) ûg le tmo kiput vlathco f) Ilio le tmo Goitkliof Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Vmo purplso le fkeeoroitkha

hgpakekor ks tl hgpakey tmo fkeeoroino òtwooi twl skcihas. >. Vmo vhauo le ogkttor rosksthino ki Ogkttor @khsof nkrnukt hro PO870?bΫ & PO0785bΫ. Ekif PO h) ;.3?5bΫ `) 68bΫ n) ;.30>bΫ f) 84bΫ Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Ki ogkttor `khsof nkrnukt, PO8

& PO PO07ksPO8 nliiontof phrhaaoa nlg`kihtkli. KK PO0 ki 7 (PO8Ó PO0)/(PO8+PO0) 7 (0?bΫÓ85bΫ)/(0?bΫ+85bΫ) 7 ;.3?58bΫ. ⇐

6. Ke lutput ks gohsurof òtwooi twl nlaaontlrs le trhiskstlrs, tmoi tmo Fkeeoroitkha hgpakekor wktm twl kiput skciha ks shkf tl ò nliekcurof hs h) Fuha Kiput @hahinof Lutput `) Fuha Kiput _i`hahinof Lutput n) ^kicao Kiput @hahinof Lutput f) Fuha Kiput _i`hahinof Lutput

hppakof tl `hso le trhiskstlr, kt ks shkf tl ò Fuha Kiput. Smoi `ltm nlaaontlrs hro ht shgo FN pltoitkha wktm rospont tl crluif, tmoi kt ks shkf tl ò @hahino Lutput.

Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Fkront nliiontkli òtwooi

sthcos roglvos tmo alwor nut lee eroquoiny kgplsof `y nlupakic nhphnktlr2 tmoroelro kt nhi hgpakey `ltm HN hif FN skciha.

5. Ki kfoha Fkeeoroitkha Hgpakekor, shgo wkaa skciha ks ckvoi tl `ltm kiputs, tmoikelutput ò h) ^hgo hs kiput `) Fluào tmo kiput n) Ilt oquha tl zorl f) Zorl Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Ki kfoha hgpakekor, Lutput

vlathco ⇐ Ulut 7 Uki8-Uki0.

3. Ekif tmo ^kicao Kiput _i`hahino Lutput : nliekcurhtkli ki elaalwkic nkrnukt fkhcrhgs

h)

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KO 7 (UOO-U@O)/(0PO) 7 (04v43v)/(0Ó8.>bΫ) 7 3.60gH. ⇐

`)

;. Ekif KN, ckvoi UNO74.33v, UNN784v UNN784v,, U@O74.>3v hif PN70.6bΫ ki Fuha Kiput @hahinof Lutput fkeeoroitkha hgpakekor h) 4.6gH `) 4.6H n) 6gH f) 6H Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: û`stktuto tmo vhauos ki

nlaaontlr tl ogkttor vlathco oquhtkli, UNO7 UNN+ U@O-PN KN ⇐KN 7 (UNN-UNO+U@O)/PN 7 (84v4.33v+4.>3v)/0.6bΫ 7 6gH 84. Ekif tmo nlrront ghtnm

n)

Nliekcurhtkli

8. ^kicao Kiput _i`hahinof Lutput 0. Fuha Kiput @hahinof Lutput >. ^kicao Kiput @hahinof Lutput f) Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Nkrnukt n mhs liay skicao kiput

(U8) hif lutput ks gohsuro liay ht lio le tmo nlaaontlr wktm rospont tl crluif.

=. Hi ogkttor `khs Fuha Kiput @hahinof Lutput fkeeoroitkha hgpakekor mhs UNN704v, ΰ7844, [email protected], PO78.>bΫ. Ekif KO h) 3.60gH `) ;.=gH n) 84gH f) =.5gH Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Ogkttor nhitmoòoquhtkli, eluif lut `y su`stktutkic tmo nurroit vhauos ki

6. Fuha Kiput _i`hahinof Lutput

Ulathco chki hif Kiput rosksthino k. Hf 7 Pn/ro , P k8 P k0 7 0ΰhnPO kk. Hf7 Pn/0ro , P k8 P k0 7 0ΰhnPO

kkk. Hf7 Pn/ro , P k 7 0ΰhnPO kv. Hf 7 Pn/0ro , P k 7 0ΰhnPO

h) 8-k , 0-kkk, >-kv, 6-kk `) 8-kv, 0-kk, >-kkk, 6-k n) 8-kk, 0-kv, >-k , 6-kkk f) 8-kkk, 0-k, >-kk, 6-kv Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Trlportkos le fkeeoroitkha

hgpakekor nkrnukt nliekcurhtkli.

88. L`thki tmo nlaaontlr vlathco, elr nlaaontlr roskstlr (PN) 7?.5bΫ, KO78.556gH hif UNN784v elr skicao kiput ui`hahinof lutput fkeeoroitkha hgpakekor h) 4.;=3v

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`) 4.5=0v n) 4.???v f) Ilio le tmo goitkliof Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: û`stktuto tmo ckvoi vhauos ki

nlaaontlr vlathco oquhtkli, UN7 UNN „ PNÓKN ⇐ UN7 84v „ ?.5bΫÓ8.556gH ( ∿ KN ≏ KO ) ⇐ UN7 4.5=0v. 80. Elr tmo nkrnukt nkrn ukt smlwi òalw, fotorgkio tmo Lutput vlathco (Hssugo ΰ7?, fkeeoroitkha kiput rosksthino780 bΫ)

n) >= f) 58 Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Ki skicao Kiput @hahino Lutput

hgpakekor, ⇐ KO 7 (UOO-U@O)/0PO 7(8?v-4.3v)/(0Ó>.;blg)7 8.=>gH (∿UNN7UOO) Erlg tmo oquhtkli, UNO 7 UNN +U@OPNÓKN ⇐ PN 7 (86.>v „ 0.6v)/8.=>gH 7 5.?bΫ Vmo vlathco chki, Ul ⇐ Ul 7 PN/ro 7 5.?bΫ/0?4Ϋ 7 05(il uikts).

VLTKN 0.5 ^GHAA ^KCIHA HIHA[^K^ HIF NGPP.

h) 6.>>v `) 0.>>v n) >.>>v f) 8.>>v Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Erlg tmo nkrnukt fkc,

PN784bΫ, Uki87 8.>v hif Uki074.?v Uki074.?v,, Fkeeoroitkha kiput rosksthino 7 0 ΰro, ⇐ 80bΫ 7 0Ó?ÓPo ⇐ Po 7 8.0 bΫ Lutput vlathco Ul 7 PN/0Po(Uki8-Uki0) Ul 7 84bΫ/(0 Ó8.0bΫ) Ó ((8.>v-4.?v) 8.>v-4.?v) ⇐ Ul ⇐ Ul 7 >.>>v.

8. Elr tmo fkeeoroino hgpakekor wmknm le tmo elaalwkic ks truo< fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo h) Kt rosplifs tl tmo twl skcihas hif rojonts tmo skciha tmht hro nlggli tl `ltm tmo skciha `) Kt rosplifs tl tmo skciha tmht hro nlggli tl tmo twl kiputs liay n) Kt mhs h alw vhauo le kiput rosksthino f) Vmo oeeknhny le tmo hgpakekor ks gohsurof `y tmo focroo le kts fkeeoroitkha skciha tl tmo proeoroino le tmo nlggli glfo skciha skcih a Hiswor: h h Haa tmo sthtogoits hro ilt truo Oxpahihtkli:

oxnopt elr tmo ehnt tmht kt rosplifs liay wmoi tmoro ks fkeeoroino òtwooi twl skcihas liay.

0. Ke elr hi hgpakekor tmo nlggli glfo kiput skciha ks vn, tmo fkeeoroitkha skciha kf vf hif Hn hif Hf roprosoit nlggli glfo chki hif fkeeoroitkha chki rospontkvoay, tmoi tmo lutput vlathco v4 ks ckvoi `y 8>. Ki h ^kicao Kiput @hahinof Lutput Fkeeoroitkha hgpakekor, ckvoi UNN78?v, PO 7 h) v4 7 Hf vf „ Hn vn >.;bΫ, UNO70.6 v hif ro70?4Ϋ. Fotorgkio `) v4 7 „ Hf vf + Hn v n Ulathco chki fH vf v + „ n h) 05 n) vv44 7 H HnH vn v f) 7 „ f f n `) ?5

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Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Kt ks h sthifhrf ghtmoghtknha

oxprosskli. >. Ke elr hi hgpakekor v8 hif v0 hro tmo kiput skcihas, vn hif vf roprosoit tmo nlggli glfo hifoxprosskli fkeeoroitkha tmoi tmo elrskcihas NGPProspontkvoay, (Nlggli Glfo Pojontkli Phtkl) ks h) 04 alc (|Hf| / |Hn|) `) -84 alc (|Hn| / |Hf|)0 n) 04 alc (v0 „ v8 / 4.?(v0 + v8)) f) Haa le tmo goitkliof Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Ilto tmht haa tmo oxprossklis hro

kfoitknha.

6. Vmo prlàog wktm tmo skicao lporhtkliha fkeeoroino hgpakekor ks kts h) Mkcm kiput rosksthino `) Alw kiput rosksthino n) Alw lutput rosksthino f) Ilio le tmo goitkliof

h) 04 alc RB+8/6οW. `) 04 alc RB+8/0οW. n) 04 alc RB+8/οW. f) 04 alc R0B+0/οW. Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Ilio.

5. Elr tmo nkrnukt ckvoi òalw fotorgkio tmo kiput nlggli glfo rosksthino.

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Fuo tl alw kiput rosksthino h

ahrco phrt le tmo skciha skcih a ks alst tl tmo slur slurno‛s no‛s kitoriha rosksthino.

?. Elr tmo fkeeoroino hgpakekor hs smlwi ki tmo ekcuro smlw tmht ke ohnm roskstlr mhs h tlaorhino le ¸844 ο % (k.o., elr, shy, h ?% roskstlr, ο 7 4.4?) tmoi tmo wlrst-nhso NGPP h) (P 8 + P >) || (P 0) || + (P 6) ks ckvoi hpprlxkghtoay `y (ckvoi B 7 P 0/P 8 `) (P 8 + P 6) || (P 0 + P >) 7 P 6/P >) n) (P 8 + P 0) || (P> + P 6) f) (P 8 + P >) || (P 0 + P 6) Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Thrhaaoa nlg`kihtkli le sorkos

nlg`kihtkli le P 8 & P > wktm tmo sorkos nlg`kihtkli le P > hif P 6 ks tmo roqukrof hiswor hs ks vkskào `y tmo nkrnukt.

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3. Elr tmo nkrnukt smlwi òalw oxpross v4 hs h ;. Fotorgkio Hf hif Hn elr tmo ckvoi nkrnukt. euintkli le v8 hif v0.

h) v4 7 v8 + v0 `) v4 7 v0 „ v8 n) v4 7 v8 „ v0 f) v4 7 -v8 „ v0

h) Hn 7 4 hif Hf 7 8 `) Hn ≤ 4 hif Hf 7 8 n) Hn 7 4 hif Hf ≤ 8 f) Hn ≤ 4 hif Hf ≤ 8

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Nliskforkic tmo ehnt tmht tmo

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Nliskfor tmo ehnt tmht tmo

pltoitkha ht tmo kiput torgkihas hro kfoitknha hif prlnoofkic wo l`thki tmo ckvoi rosuat.

pltoitkha tmovhauos kiput torgkihas hif l`thkihttmo le U8 hifhro U0kfoitknha . Vmus l`thki tmo vhauo le Uf hif Un.

=. Elr tmo fkeeoroino hgpakekor smlwi òalw, aot haa tmo roskstlrs ò 84bΫ ¸ x%. Vmo oxprosskli elr tmo wlrst-nhso nlggli-glfo chki ks

h) x / ?4 `) x / 844 n) 0x / (844 „ x) f) 0x / (844 + x) Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Ilio.

84. Fotorgkio tmo vlathco chki elr tmo ckvoi nkrnukt bilwi tmht P 8 7 P > 7 84bΫ h`f P 0 7 P 6 7 844bΫ.

h) 8 `) 84 n) 844 f) 8444 Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: U Ulathco lathco chki

ks 844/84.

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_IKV KKK ^KICAO ^VHCO EOV,, GLÊOV EOV G LÊOV HGTAKEKOP^ VLTKN >.8 ^GHAA ^KCIHA M[@PKF Ì₡ OX_KUHAOIV NKPN_KV LE EOV HIF GLÊOV

>. Vmo salpo l`thkiof ki UC^ vs KF whs 4.440. Smht ks tmo vhauo lecg< h) 8 `) 0 n) 4.440 f) 4 Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: cg 7 nmhico ki frhki nurroit/

nmhico ki chto tl slurno vlathco cg 7 salpo le UC^ vs KF cg 7 4.440.

6. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic ks hi oxprosskli elr 8. Smht ks trhis-nlifunthino< h) Phtkl le nmhico ki frhki nurroit tl nmhico cg4< ki nlaaontlr nurroit h) cg4 7 KF^^/U p `) Phtkl le nmhico ki frhki nurroit nurroi t tl nmhico `) c 7 0K /|U | g4 F^^ p ki chto tl slurno vlathco n) cg4 7 KF^^/?U p n) Phtkl le nmhico ki nlaaontlr nurroit tl f) cg4 7 KF^^/0U p nmhico ki frhki nurroit f) Phtkl le nmhico ki nlaaontlr nurroit tl Hiswor: ` nmhico ki chto tl slurno vlathco Oxpahihtkli: cg4 ks tmo vhauo le cg wmoi Hiswor: ` UC^74, wo mhvo sooi tmht trhis nlifunthino Vmo nmhico ki frhki nurroit Oxpahihtkli: ks tmo rhtkl le frhki nurroit tl nmhico ki chto wmknm ks rosuatof fuo tl nmhico ki chto tl tl slurno vlathco, ùt tmks ks hi oxnoptkliha slurno vlathco ki h EOV ks gohsurof `y trhis- nhso, moro tmo trhiskstlr wkaa ò wlrbkic ki nut nlifunthino. Vmks ks torgof hs trhis ònhuso lee rockli. kt prlvkfos roahtklismkp òtwooi kiput hif lutput quhitkty quhitkty.. ?. Ekif tmo ghxkgug vhauo le cg elr EOV wktm KF^^784gH, U p7-0U, UC^7?U< 0. Elr h EOV, crhpm ks frhwi `y thbkic vlathco UC^ ki ] hxks hif frhki nurroit ki [ h) 84g^ hxks, ke tmo vhauo le ] nmhicos erlg 84 tl 04 rosuats ki nmhico ki vhauo le [ hxks erlg 0 tl >. Smht ks tmo vhauo le trhis nlifunthino< h) 8 `) 0 n) 4.8 f) 4.48 Hiswor: n Vrhis-nlifunthino7 nmhico ki Oxpahihtkli: frhki nurroit/ nmhico ki chto tl slurno vlathco trhis nlifunthino7>-0/04-8478/84 trhis nlifunthino74.8.

`) 04g^ n) 8g^ f) 4 Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: cg470KF^^/|U p|

cg470Ó84gH/0U cg4784g^. 5. Ekif tmo vhauo le cg elr EOV wktm KF^^7=gH, U p76U, UC^7-4.?U< h) 8g^ `) 0g^ n) f) >g^ >.?g^

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Hiswor: f

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Elr EOV, tmo vlathco ks hppakof

hnrlss tmo chto hif slurno tl nlitrla tmo frhki nurroit, moino wmkao wrktkic sghaa skciha glfoa le hi EOV, li tmo lutput skfo c g UC^ roprosoits h nurroit slurno wmknm nhi ò nlitrlaaof `y tmo kiput vlathco UC^. 84. Ckvoi yes 7 >.5g^ hif yls 7 4.40g^, 3. H EOV mhs KF^^76KF hif cg4 7 84g^ tmoi fotorgkio r 4< cg 7 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ h) 844Blmg h) 84g^ `) ?4Glmg `) 04g^ n) ?4Blmg n) ?g^ f) 04Blmg f) 86g^ Hiswor: n Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: r 478/yls Oxpahihtkli: Kt ks kifopoifoit le yes. 79 r 478/04g^ r 7?4Blmg. Oxpahihtkli:

4

VLTKN >.> HGTAKEKOP^ _^KIC M[@PKF Ì₡ OX_KUHAOIV NKPN_KV^ =. Fotorgkio tmo vhauo le lutput kgpofhino elr JEOV, ke tmo vhauo le cg 78g^< h) 8Blmg `) 4 n) 844Blmg

8. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic sthtogoit ks kinlrront< h) Lutput le NO hgpakekor ks lut le pmhso wktm rospont tl kts kiput `) NN hgpakekor ks h vlathco ùeeor n) N@ hgpakekor ks h vlathco ùeeor

f) ?Blmg Hiswor: h

f) NO hgpakekor ks usof hs hi hufkl (alw eroquoiny) hgpakekor Hiswor: n Vmo lutput le tmo NO hgpakekor Oxpahihtkli: mhs h pmhso smket le 8=4l wktm rospont tl tmo kiput. Vmo NN hgpakekor mhs HU≏8, tmus kt ks h vlathco ùeeor. Mlwovor, tmo N@ hgpakekor mhs h ahrco vlathco chki, hif kts nurroit chki HK≏8, tmus kt ks h nurroit ùeeor. NO hgpakekor mhs hi hppaknhtkli mhs hi hufkl hgpakekor.

Oxpahihtkli: Lutput kgpofhino7kivorso le

trhis nlifunthino Lutput kgpofhino78/8g^ Lutput kgpofhino78Blmg. ;. Ki h sghaa skciha oqukvhaoit glfoa le hi EOV,, Smht flos cg UC^ sthif elr< EOV h) H puro roskstlr `) Ulathco Ulathco nlitrlaaof nurroit slurno n) Nurroit nlitrlaaof nurroit slurno f) Ulathco Ulathco nlitrlaaof vlathco slurno

0. Nliskfor tmo elaalwkic nkrnukt. \\\\\\\\\\ prlvkfos FN kslahtkli.

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\\\\\\\\\\\\\ provoits h fonrohso fo nrohso ki vlathco chki. \\\\\\\\\\\\\ ks usof tl nlitrla tmo `hifwkftm.

mlP A‛) wmoro P A‛ 7 0bΫ||6bΫ P A‛ 7 8.>>bΫ. Vmus HK 7 „ 54 / (8 + 4.4055) 7 -?=.66?>. 6. Nliskfor tmo nkrnukt. Ckvoi meo 7 ?4, mko 7 8044Ϋ. Ekif vlathco chki.

h) N>, N8, N6 `) N6, N8, N0 n) N0, N>, N0 f) N6, N>, N0 Hiswor: ` Nhphnktlr N> hif N6, hro tmo Oxpahihtkli: àlnbkic nhphnktlr hif nlupakic nhphnktlr

h) „ 03= `) -033.; n) „ >44 f) „ 0=4 Hiswor: h

rospontkvoay, `ltm prlvkfkic kslahtkli `khskic nkrnukt. Nhphnktlr N8FN ks tmo ogkttor tl `yphss nhphnktlr, tl provoit fonrohso ki Ulathco chki 7 HU 7 Oxpahihtkli: vlathco chki `y hvlkfkic iochtkvo eoof`hnb. meoP A‛/mko Nhphnktlr N0 ks tmo smuit nhphnktlr, usof tl nlitrla tmo `hifwkftm, wmoroki tmo `hifwkftm P A‛ 7 04b||84b 7 5.53bΫ HU 7 -?4 * 5.53b/8.0b 7 -033.; ≏ „ 03=. ks kivorsoay prlplrtkliha tl N0. >. Ckvoi meo 7 54, mko78444Ϋ, mlo 7 04α Ϋ „ , mro 7 0 * 84-6. Ekif tmo nurroit chki le tmo @JV, nlrront up tl twl fonkgha plkits.

h) „ ?=.66 `) -?;.08 n) „ 54.84 f) „ 54.44 Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Nurroit chki, HK 7 „ me  / / (8 +

?. Ckvoi tmht K@ 7 ?gH hif meo 7 ??, ekif alhf nurroit.

h) 0=gH `) 0=4gH n) 0.?H f) 0H Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Ki ckvoi nkrnukt, ogkttor elaalwor, nurroit chki 7wmknm 8 + meoks hi

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KA 7 K@ (8+meo) KA 7 ?gH(?5) 7 0=4 gH. 5. Nliskfor tmo elaalwkic nkrnukt, wmoro slurno nurroit 7 84gH, meo 7 ?4, mko 7 8844Ϋ, tmoi elr tmo trhiskstlr nkrnukt, ekif lutput rosksthino P L hif kiput rosksthino P K.

h) P L 7 4, P K 7 08Ϋ `) P L 7 ∙, P K 7 4Ϋ n) P L 7 ∙, P K 7 08Ϋ f) P L 7 84, P K 7 08Ϋ

h) P K 7 04Ϋ, P L 7 ∙ `) P K 7 04Ϋ, P L 7 0bΫ n) P K 7 ?;Ϋ, P L 7 ∙ f) P K 7 ?;Ϋ, P L 7 0bΫ Hiswor: n P K 7 04b 7 mko/(8+meo) 7 mko/?8 Oxpahihtkli: mko 78404 Ϋ hffkic `hso rosksthino, P ‛7 Moino, hetor K

Hiswor: n ^kino mlo ks ilt ckvoi, wo nhi Oxpahihtkli:

nliskfor kt tl ò sghaa2 k.o 8/mlo ks iocaontof, lpoi nkrnuktof. Moino lutput rosksthino P L 7 ∙. rosksthino 7 mko/(8 + meo) 7 8844/?8 ≏ Kiput 08Ϋ.

(mko+P @)/(8+meo) 7 (8404+0444) / ?8 ≏ ?;Ϋ Vmoro ks il nmhico ki lutput rosksthino lr nurroit chki fuo tl hi oxtrh `hso rosksthino. P L‛ 7 ∙. =. Nliskfor kts kiput rosksthino tl ò P8. Ilw,, tmo `yphss nhphnktlr ks htthnmof, sl tmht Ilw tmo iow kiput rosksthino ks P0. Ckvoi tmht mko 7 8444Ϋ hif meo 7 ?4, ekif P8-P0.

3. Elr tmo ckvoi nkrnukt, kiput rosksthino P K 7 04Ϋ, meo 7 ?4. Lutput rosksthino 7 ∙. Ekif tmo iow vhauos le kiput hif lutput rosksthino, ke h `hso rosksthino le 0bΫ ks hffof tl tmo nkrnukt. h) 880.0Ϋ `) 4Ϋ n) 884Ϋ f) 044Ϋ

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Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Elr tmo nkrnukt, NO hgpakekor

wktmlut `yphss nhphnktlr, kiput rosksthino, P87mko + (8+meo)P O P8 7 8444 + ?8*0.0 7 8444 + 880.0 7 8880.0Ϋ Sktm h `yphss htthnmof, kiput rosksthino, P0 7nhphnktlr mko 7 8444Ϋ Vmus P8 „ P0 7 880.0Ϋ.

chki wktm rospont tl trhiskstlr kiput. Mlwovor wmoi P ^74 tmoi HU^ 7 HU.

VLTKN >.6 @H^KN EOV FKEEOPOIVKHA THKP- @KNGL^ NKPN_KV^.

8. Vmo fkeeoroino lutput le tmo `hskn fkeeoroitkha hgpakekor ks thboi ht \\\\\\\\\\\ ;. Ckvoi tmht elr h trhiskstlr, mko 7 8844Ϋ, meo h) Ht ] hif crluif 7 ?4, mro 7 0*84-6 hif mlo 7 0αΫ-8. Ekif N@ `) Ht [ hif crluif n) Fkeeoroino le tmo vlathcos ht tmo chtos le m-phrhgotors. G8 hif G0 h) me` 7 8, mk` 7 00, ml` 7 >αΫ-8, mr` 7 le tmo vlathcos òtwooi ] hif f) Fkeeoroino [ -8.?Ó84-6 `) me` 7 -4.;=, mk` 7 -08.?5, ml` 7 4.4>αΫ-8, Hiswor: f -6 Ilio. mr` 7 8.?Ó84 Oxpahihtkli: n) me` 7 -4.;=, mk` 7 08.?5, ml` 7 4.4>αΫ-8, mr` 7 -8.?Ó84-6 f) me` 78, mk` 7 -08.?5, ml` 7 4.4>αΫ-8, mr` 7 -0Ó84-6 Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: me` 7 -meo/(8+meo) 7 -?4/?87

-4.;= mk` 7 mko/(8+meo) 7 08.?5Ϋ ml` 7 mlo/(8+meo) 7 4.4> αΫ-8 m 7 (m m /8+m ) „ m 7 -8.?Ó84-6. r`

ko lo

eo

ro

0. Vmo Fkeeoroitkha lutput le tmo fkeeoroino hgpakekor ks tmo hgpakeknhtkli le \\\\\\\\\\ h) Fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo vlathcos le kiput skcihas `) Fkeeoroino òtwooi tmo lutput le tmo ohnm trhiskstlr òtwooi tmo suppay hif tmo n) Fkeeoroino lutput le tmo ohnm trhiskstlr f) Haa le tmo goitkliof Hiswor: h Ilio. Oxpahihtkli:

>. Vmo kiputs tl tmo fkeeoroitkha hgpakekor hro 84. Ke slurno rosksthino ki hi hgpakekor nkrnukt hppakof ht \\\\\\\\\\ h) Ht ] hif [ ks zorl, tmoi vlathco chki (lutput tl kiput vlathco rhtkl) hif slurno vlathco chki (lutput `) Ht tmo chtos le G8 hif G0 n) Haa le tmo goitkliof tl slurno vlathco rhtkl) hro tmo shgo. f) Ilio le tmo goitkliof h) Vruo `) Ehaso Hiswor: ` Ilio. Oxpahihtkli: Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Smoi h slurno rosksthino P ^ ks 6. Vmo Ghxkgug hif gkikgug lutput le tmo prosoit, tmo vlathco chki wktm rospont tl Fkeeoroitkha hgpakekors ks foekiof hs: slurno ònlgos h) Ughx 7 UFF, Ugki 7 -UFF HU^ 7 HUP K‛/(P ^+P K‛), wmoro HU ks vlathco `) Ughx 7 UFF, Ugki 7 Pf.Kss

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n) Ughx 7 UFF, Ugki 7 UFF „ Pf.Kss f) Ilio le tmo goitkliof

VLTKN 6.8 HGTAKEKOP EPOX_OIN[ PO^TLIÔ

Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Ilio.

8. Nliskfor h vlathco hgpakekor mhvkic h eroquoiny rospliso le tmo alw-phss ^VN typo ?. Ki Nlggli Glfo Fkeeoroitkha Hgpakekor, wktm h fn chki le 54 f@ hif h >-f@ eroquoiny tmo lutputs Ulut8 hif Ulut0 hro roahtof hs: le 8444 Mz. Vmoi tmo chki f` ht h) Ulut0 ks ki lut le pmhso wktm Ulut8 wktm h) e 7 84 Mz ks ?? f` shgo hgpaktufo `) e 7 84 bMz ks 6? f` `) Ulut0 Ulut0 hif Ulut8 Ulut8 mhvo shgo hgpaktufo ùt n) e 7 844 bMz ks 0? f` tmo pmhso fkeeoroino ks ;4 focroos f) e 7 8Gmz ks 4 f` n) Ulut8 hif Ulut0 mhvo shgo hgpaktufo hif hro ki pmhso wktm ohnm ltmor hif tmokr Hiswor: f _so sthifhrf elrguahs elr rospontkvo kiputs Oxpahihtkli: f) Ulut8 hif Ulut0 mhvo shgo hgpaktufo hif eroquoiny rospliso hif vlathco chki. hro ki pmhso wktm ohnm ltmor ùt lut le pmhso wktm tmokr rospontkvo kiputs 0. ^VN iotwlrbs nhi ò nahsskekof kitl twl nhtoclrkos: alw-phss (AT) hif mkcm-phss (MT). Hiswor: f Vmoi wmknm le tmo elaalwkic ks truo< Oxpahihtkli: Ilio. h) MT iotwlrb phssos fn hif alw eroquoinkos hif httoiuhto mkcm eroquoiny hif lpplskto elr 5. Ki h sghaa skciha fkeeoroitkha chki vs kiput AT iotwlrb NG aovoa crhpm, tmo chki fonrohsos hetor U0 `) AT iotwlrb phssos fn hif alw eroquoinkos er oquoinkos fuo tl: hif httoiuhto mkcm eroquoiny hif lpplskto elr h) Hs tmo kiput vlathco kinrohsos, tmo lutput MT iotwlrb wkaa ò nakppof phssos fn hif mkcm eroquoinkos n) MT iotwlrb `) Smoi tmo kiput vlathco tl tmo trhiskstlrs hif httoiuhto alw eroquoiny hif lpplskto elr hro mkcm, tmo trhiskstlr oitors shturhtkli AT iotwlrb rockli hif kinrohsos tmo nurroit, wmknm kituri f) AT iotwlrb phssos alw eroquoinkos liay fonrohsos tmo lutput vlathco 7 UFF „ Pf.Kss hif httoiuhto mkcm eroquoiny hif lpplskto elr n) Smoi Nlggli Glfo vlathco ks crohtor MT iotwlrb tmhi lr oquha tl U0, tmo kiput trhiskstlrs oitor trklfo rockli, tmo tmo kiput chki òckis ehaa U0 f) Kinrohskic vlathcotlòylif nhusos tmo chto lxkfo tl nlifunt hif tmo chki ks rofunof Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Ilio.

_IKV KU EPOX_OIN[ PO^TLIÔ LE HGTAKEKOP^

Hiswor: ` @y foekiktkli h AT iotwlrb Oxpahihtkli:

haalws fn nurroit (lr alw eroquoiny nurroit) hif hi AT iotwlrb flos tmo lpplskto, tmht ks, haalws mkcm eroquoiny hn nurroit.

>. ^kicao-tkgo-nlisthit (^VN) iotwlrbs hro tmlso iotwlrbs tmht hro nlgplsof le, lr nhi ò rofunof tl nlgplioit (A lr N) hif h h) Lio rohntkvo rosksthino (P) `) Liay nhphnktkvo nlgplioit (N) hif rosksthino (P) n) Liay kifuntkvo rosksthino (P) nlgplioit (A) hif

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f) Pohntkvo nlgplioits (A, N lr `ltm A hif N) hif rosksthino (P) Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: ^VN mhs liay lio rohntkvo

nlgplioit hif lio roskstkvo nlgplioit.

6. Vmo skciha wmlso whvoelrg ks ilt oeeontof `y h akiohr nkrnukt ks h) Vrkhicuahr Shvoelrg skciha `) Ponthicuahr whvoelrg skciha n) ^kio/Nlskio whvo skciha h) N8P8 7 N0P0 f) ^hwtlltm whvoelrg skciha `) N8P0 7 N0P8 n) N8N0 7 P8P0 Hiswor: n f) P8 7 4 Oxpahihtkli: Liay skio/nlskio whvo hro ilt heeontof `y h akiohr nkrnukt wmkao haa ltmor Hiswor: h whvoelrgs hro heeontof `y h akiohr nkrnukt. Oxpahihtkli: ^thifhrf nlifktkli le h nlgpoishtof httoiuhtlr. Moro ks tmo ?. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic ks ilt h forkvhtkli elr tmo shgo. nahsskeknhtkli le rospliso< hgpakekors li tmo `hsks le tmokr eroquoiny h) Nhphnktkvoay nlupaof hgpakekor `) Fkront nlupaof hgpakekor n) @hifphss hgpakekor f) Ilio le tmo goitkliof Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Ilio le tmo lptklis prlvkfof

hro nlrront. 5. Coiorha roprosoithtkli le tmo eroquoiny rospliso nurvo ks nhaaof h) @lfo `) GkaaorTalt Talt n) Vmovoiki Talt f) @hifwkftm Talt Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Coiorha roprosoithtkli le

eroquoiny rospliso nurvos hro nhaaof @lfo palt. @lfo palts hro hasl nhaaof sogk alchrktmgkn palts skino tmoy mhvo alchrktmgkn vhauos vhauos li lio le tmo hxos.

=. Smoi h nkrnukt ks nhaaof nlgpoishtof httoiuhtlr< 3. _ifor wmht nlifktkli nhi tmo nkrnukt smlwi h) Vrhiseor euintkli ks fkrontay prlplrtkliha tl ò nhaaof h nlgpoishtof httoiuhtlr. tmoVrhiseor eroquoiny `) euintkli ks kivorsoay prlplrtkliha

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tl tmo eroquoiny n) Vrhiseor euintkli ks kifopoifoit le tmo eroquoiny f) Ihturha alc le tmo trhiseor euintkli ks prlplrtkliha tl tmo eroquoiny Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Vrhiseor euintkli flos ilt mhs

eroquoiny ki kts ghtmoghtknha elrguah.

;. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic ks truo< h) Nlupakic nhphnktlrs nhusos tmo chki tl ehaa lee ht mkcm eroquoinkos `) Kitoriha nhphnktlr le h fovkno nhusos n husos tmo chki tl ehaa lee ht alw eroquoinkos n) Haa le tmo goitkliof f) Ilio le tmo goitkliof Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: @ltm tmo sthtogoits hro ehaso.

`) Nns n) N ` f) Nns hif N ` Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Vmoro hro twl nhphnktlrs wmknm

hrkso òtwooi `hsos hif ogkttor. Lio ks N jo fuo tl fopaotkli rockli hsslnkhtof òtwooi `hso hif ogkttor. N ` ks hiltmor nhphnktlr wmknm hrksos fuo tl tmo hnnuguahtkli le oaontrlis ki tmo `hso wmknm eurtmor rosuats kitl tmo nlinoitrhtkli crhfkoit wktmki tmo `hso le tmo trhiskstlr. 0. Furkic mkcm eroquoiny hppaknhtklis le h @.J.V.,., wmknm phrhsktkn nhphnktlrs hrkso @.J.V òtwooi tmo nlaaontlr hif tmo ogkttor< h) Il nhphnktlr hrksos `) Nns n) N ` f) Nns hif N `

84. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic ks truo< h) Glilaktmkn KN hgpakekors hro fkrontay nlupaof lr fn hgpakekors `) Voaovksklis hif rhfkls uso tuiof hgpakekors Hiswor: h n) Hufkl hgpakekors mhvo nlupakic nhphnktlr Oxpahihtkli: Vmo ogkttor hif tmo nlaaontlr hro ehr hwhy erlg ohnm ltmor wmoi tmo @.J.V. hgpakekor ks òkic nlistruntof. Moino, wo ekif tmht tmoy f) Haa le tmo goitkliof fli‛t smhro h nlggli juintkli wmoro nmhrcos Hiswor: f nhi hnnuguahto. Vmus, il sunm phrhsktkn Oxpahihtkli: Vmoso haa hro prhntknha nhphnktlrs hppohr. hppaknhtklis le fkeeoroit typos le hgpakekors. >. Furkic mkcm eroquoiny hppaknhtklis le h

VLTKN 6.0 EPOX_OIN[ PO^TLIÔ LE VPHI^K^VLP HGTAKEKOP^ SKVM NKPN_KV NHTHNKVLP^ VLTKN 6.> @JV EPOX_OIN[ PO^TLIÔ 8. Furkic mkcm eroquoiny hppaknhtklis le h @.J.V.,., wmknm phrhsktkn nhphnktlrs @.J.V nhph nktlrs hrkso òtwooi tmo `hso hif tmo ogkttor< h) N jo hif N `

@.J.V, wmknm phrhsktkn hif nhphnktlrs hrkso òtwooi tmo nlaaontlr tmo `hso< h) N jo hif N ` `) Nns n) Nτ f) N¿ Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Liay lio nhphnktlr up òtwooi

tmo `hso hif tmo nlaaontlr. Vmks ks fuo tl tmo fopaotkli rockli prosoit òtwooi tmo `hso hif tmo nlaaontlr rockli. 6. Smknm phrhsktkn nhphnktlrs hro prosoit ht tmo nlaaontlr torgkiha le tmo @.J.V.<

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h) N jo hif N ` `) Nns hif N¿ n) N ` f) Nns hif N `

h) Nns `) Nns hif N ` n) N ` f) Nns hif N¿

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Vmoro hro twl nhphnktlrs

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Ki tmo elaalwor sthco, tmo alhf

f) Il phrhsktkn nhphnktlr cots fohntkvhtof

f) Fluàos

Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Smkao l`sorvkic tmo eroquoiny

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Vmo trhiskt eroquoiny ks fkrontay

htthnmof tl tmo nlaaontlr torgkiha. Vmo nlaaontlr-`hso juintkli prlvkfos h fopaotkli nhphnkthino (N¿) wmkao tmo nlaaontlr su`strhto juintkli prlvkfos h northki nhphnkthino (Nns).

ks prosoit ht tmo ogkttor o gkttor.. Vmo phrhsktkn nhphnktlrs prosoit òtwooi tmo nlaaontlr hif tmo su`strhto k.o. N¿ cots fohntkvhtof. Vmks ks l`sorvof erlg tmo sghaa skciha hihaysks wmoro `ltm tmo torgkihas le tmks nhphnktlr cot ?. Smknm phrhsktkn nhphnktlrs fl ilt heeont tmo smlrtof tl H.N. crluif. eroquoiny rospliso le tmo N.O. sthco, le tmo =. Ke tmo trhisnlifunthino le tmo @.J.V @.J.V.< kinrohsos, tmo trhiskt eroquoiny \\\\\\ h) N jo hif N ` h) Kinrohsos `) Nns hif N¿ `) Fonrohsos n) N ` hif N¿ n) Flosi‛t cot heeontof

rospliso le h N.O. sthco, wo ekif tmht haa tmo phrhsktkn nhphnkthinos le tmo @.J.V. oif up salwkic tmo spoof le tmo @.J.V. Vmo eroquoiny rospliso le tmks sthco ks heeontof `y haa tmo phrhsktkn nhphnktlrs. 5. Smknm phrhsktkn nhphnktlrs fli‛t heeont tmo eroquoiny rospliso le tmo N.@. sthco le tmo @.J.V.< h) Ilio tmo phrhsktkn nhphnkthinos `) Haa tmolephrhsktkn nhphnkthinos n) ^lgo le tmo nlupakic nhphnktlrs f) Nns hif N ` Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Haa tmo phrhsktkn nhphnktlrs le h

@.J.V. heeont tmo N.@. sthco. Ilio le tmo @.J.V. phrhsktkn nhphnktlrs cots fohntkvhtof hif tmoy oif up òmhvkic hs h plao furkic tmo eroquoiny rospliso le tmo N.@. sthco. 3. Smknm phrhsktkn nhphnktlrs fli‛t heeont tmo eroquoiny @.J.V.< rospliso le tmo N.N. sthco le tmo

prlplrtkliha tl tmo trhisnlifunthino le tmo @.J.V. Moino, tmo nlrront lptkli ks kinrohsos. ^kino kt mhsi‛t òoi goitkliof tmht wmotmor tmo trhisnlifunthino mhs òoi fluàof lr ilt, wo nhiilt nlinaufo tmo lptkli ‑fluàos‗ hs hi hiswor. ;. Ke tmo tltha nhphnkthino òtwooi tmo `hso hif tmo ogkttor kinrohsos `y h ehntlr le 0, tmo trhiskt eroquoiny \\\\\\\\\\ h) rofunos `y 0 `) kinrohsos `y 0 n) rofunos `y 6 f) kinrohsos `y 6 Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Vmo trhiskt eroquoiny ks haglst

kivorsoay prlplrtkliha tl tmo tltha nhphnkthino òtwooi tmo `hso hif tmo ogkttor le tmo @.J.V. Moino, tmo trhiskt eroquoiny wkaa hpprlxkghtoay rofuno `y 0 hif tmo nlrront lptkli ònlgos rofunos `y 0.

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84. Smknm oeeont pahys h nrktknha rlao ki prlfunkic nmhicos ki tmo eroquoiny eroqu oiny rospliso le tmo @.J.V.< @.J.V.< h) Vmovoiki‛s oeeont `) Gkaaor oeeont n) Voaaocoi‛s oeeont f) Ilrtli‛s oeeont

tmo N.O. sthco ks cgP a. @y tmo hppaknhtkli le gkaaor oeeont, wo ekif tmht tmo nhphnkthino òtwooi tmo `hso hif tmo nlaaontlr, allbkic erlg tmo lutput skfo, wkaa ò kinrohsof `y h ehntlr le 8 + 8/cgP a. Moino, tmo nlrront lptkli ks 8 + 8/ cgP a.

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Vmo gkaaor oeeont rosuats ki h

8>. Ke h N.O. sthco wktm ohray oeeont mhs h alhf P a hif trhisnlifunthino cg, wmht ks tmo ehntlr `y wmknm tmo nhphnkthino òtwooi tmo `hso hif tmo nlaaontlr ht tmo lutput skfo, cots guatkpakof< h) 8 + 0/cg*(P a || rl) `) 8 „ 8/cg*(P a || rl) n) 8 + 8/cg*(P a || rl) f) 8 „ 0/cg*(P a || rl)

nmhico ki tmo nhphnkthino sooi òtwooi tmo `hso hif tmo nlaaontlr. Vmks ks wmy, wmy, kt heeonts tmo eroquoiny rospliso le tmo @.J.V. foopay `y nmhickic tmo plaos hif heeontkic tmo mkcm eroquoiny vlathco chki sthco. 88. Ke h N.O. sthco mhs h alhf P a hif trhisnlifunthino cg, wmht ks tmo ehntlr `y wmknm tmo nhphnkthino òtwooi tmo `hso hif

Hiswor: n

tmo8nlaaontlr Ke tmorospliso ohray oeeont ks N.O. nliskforof, h) + cgP a ht tmo kiput skfo cots guatkpakof< Oxpahihtkli: tmo alw eroquoiny le tmo sthco `) 8 „ cgP a ònlgos cg*(P a || rl). Vmoro`y, gkaaor n) 8 + 0*cgP a hpprlxkghtkli smlws tmht tmo nhphnkthino òtwooi tmo `hso hif tmo nlaaontlr, allbkic f) 8 „ 0*cgP a erlg tmo lutput skfo, wkaa ò kinrohsof `y h ehntlr le 8 + 8/cg*(P a || rl). Moino tmo Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Vmo alw eroquoiny chki le tmo nlrront lptkli ks 8 + 8/ cg*(P a || rl). N.O. sthco ks cgP a. @y tmo hppaknhtkli le 86. Elr h mkcm eroquoiny rospliso le h skgpao gkaaor oeeont, wo ekif tmht tmo nhphnktlr N.O. sthco wktm h trhisnlifunthino le cg, òtwooi tmo `hso hif tmo nlaaontlr, allbkic kitl tmo kiput le tmo N.O. sthco, wkaa ò wmht ks Nki< kinrohsof `y h ehntlr le 8 + cgP a. 80. Ke h N.O. sthco mhs h alhf P a hif trhisnlifunthino cg, wmht ks tmo ehntlr `y wmknm tmo nhphnkthino òtwooi tmo `hso hif tmo nlaaontlr ht tmo lutput skfo cots guatkpakof< h) 8 + 8/cgP a `) 8 „ 8/cgP a n) 8 + 0/cgP a f) 8 „ 0/cgP a

h) N¿(8 + cg*P 0) „ Nτ `) N¿(8 + cg*P 0) + Nτ n) N¿(8 „ 0*cg*P 0) + Nτ f) N¿(8 + 0*cg*P 0) „ Nτ

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Vmo alw eroquoiny rospliso le

`hso tl ogkttor nhphnkthino ks Nτ. Nhphnktlrs

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Vmo kiput nhphnkthino ks hi

oqukvhaoit le tmo `hso tl ogkttor nhphnkthino ki phrhaaoa tl tmo gkaaor hpprlxkghtkli le tmo `hso tl nlaaontlr nhphnkthino. Fuo tl gkaaor hpprlxkghtkli, tmo `hso tl nlaaontlr nhphnkthino ònlgos N¿(8+cg*P 0) wmkao tmo

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cot hffof, wmoi ki phrhaaoa hif tmus N¿(8+cg*P 0) + Nτ ks nlrront.

kcilrof hs. Kistohf le m-phrhgotor glfoa, wo uso τ-glfoa.

8?. Elr h mkcm eroquoiny rospliso le h skgpao N.O. sthco wktm h trhisnlifunthino le cg, wmht ks Nlut<

0. Nliskfor h NO nkrnukt, wmoro trhisnlifunthino ks ?4gΫ-8, fkeeuskli nhphnkthino ks 844 pE, trhisktkli nhphnkthino ks > pE. K@ 7

h) Nns „ N¿*(0 + 8/cg*P 0) `) Nns + N¿*(8 + 0/cg*P 0) n) Nns „ N¿*(8 + 8/cg*P 0) f) Nns + N¿*(8 + 8/cg*P 0)

04αH. Ckvoi `hso ogkttor fyihgkn 3rosksthino, r ò 7 8444 Ϋ, kiput UK ks 04*ski(84 t). Smht ks tmo smlrt nkrnukt nurroit chki< h) >4 `) >? n) 64 f) 844

Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: So mhvo h nhphnktlr erlg tmo

nlaaontlr tl su`strhto, Nns, wmknm nlgos ki phrhaaoa tl tmo gkaaor hpprlxkghtkli le tmo nhphnkthino erlg `hso tl nlaaontlr. Vmo gkaaor hpprlxkghtkli foekios tmo ahttor hs N¿*(8 + 8/cg*P 0). ^kino nhphnktlrs cots hffof, wmoi ki phrhaaoa, tmo nlrront lptkli ks Nns + N¿*(8+ 8/cg*P 0).

VLTKN 6.6 ^MLPV NKPN_KV N_PPOIV CHKI VLTKN 6.? N_V LEE EPOX_OIN[ - EÉ¸, EÉ° HIF _IKV[ CHKI @HIFSKFVM 8. So So nhiilt uso mm-phrhgotor -phrhgotor glfoa ki mkcm eroquoiny hihaysks ònhuso \\\\\\\\\\\\ h) Vmoy haa nhi ò kcilrof elr mkcm eroquoinkos `) Juintkli nhphnkthinos hro ilt kinaufof ki kt n) Juintkli nhphnkthinos mhvo tl ò kinaufof ki kt hihaysks ks fkeeknuat elr mkcm eroquoiny f) HN uskic kt Hiswor: ` Vmo oeeont le sghaaor nhphnktlrs Oxpahihtkli: ks nliskforhào ki mkcm eroquoiny hihaysks le hihalc nkrnukts, hif moino tmoy nhiilt ò

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: HK 7 KA/K@

KA 7 -cgU `‛o U `‛o 7 K ` r  `‛o / (8+jϋNr  `‛o) N 7 NF + NV 7 84>pE3 U `‛o 7 04α.8b/(8+j.84 .84>.84-80.8444) HK 7 KA/K@ 7 ?4g.8b/(8+j.843.84>.84-80.8444) HK 7 >? (hpprlx). >. Ckvoi tmht trhisktkli nhphnkthino ks ? pknl E hif fkeeuskli nhphnkthino ks =4 pknl E, hif `hso ogkttor fyihgkn rosksthino ks 8?44 Ϋ, ekif tmo ΰ nut-lee eroquoiny. ero quoiny. h) 3.= x 845 rhf/s `) =.4 x 845 rhf/s 5 n) 6;.0 f) 00.3 xx 84 845 rhf/s rhf/s Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Vmo eroquoiny ki rhfkhis ks

nhanuahtof `y ϋΰ 7 8/N.r  ò ϋΰ 7 3.= x 845. 6. Elr ckvoi @JV, ΰ7044. Vmo hppakof kiput eroquoiny ks 04 Gmz hif iot kitoriha nhphnkthino ks 844 pE. Smht ks tmo NO smlrt nkrnukt nurroit chki ht ΰ nut-lee eroquoiny< h) 044 `) 844

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n) 868.60 f) 664.0 Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Vmo nurroit chki elr tmo NO ΰ

nkrnukt ks H 7

Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Ht uikty chki eroquoiny tmo

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Ht e 7 e ΰ, H 7 ΰ Moino H 7 868.60.

@hifwkftm Trlfunt le @JV n) Chki le @JV fonrohsos ht mkcmor eroquoinkos fuo tl juintkli nhphnkthinos f) ΰ- nut-lee eroquoiny ks lio wmoro tmo NO smlrt nkrnukt nurroit chki ònlgos ΰ/0

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?. Ckvoi tmht ΰ7044, kiput eroquoiny ks e7 04Gmz hif smlrt nkrnukt nurroit chki ks H7844. Smht ks tmo uikty chki eroquoiny< h) 0>44 Gmz `) 0444 Gmz n) 0?44 Gmz f) >444 Gmz Hiswor: h ΰ Oxpahihtkli: H 7 ΰ

nurroit chki ks 8 ks h nlrront sthtogoit. Vmo shgo eroquoiny ks e V 7 ΰe ΰ wmknm ks tmo chki `hifwkftm prlfunt le @JV. Chki le @JV ht mkcm eroquoiny fonrohsos fuo tl tmo juintkli nhphnkthino. Mlwovor, ht ΰ nut-lee eroquoiny, nurroit chki ònlgos ΰ . √

0

=. Ckvoi h GLÊOV wmoro chto tl slurno nhphnkthino ks >44 pE hif chto tl frhki nhphnkthino ks ?44 pE. Nhanuahto tmo chki `hifwkftm prlfunt ke tmo trhisnlifunthino ks

>4 gΫ-8. h) ?.;= Gmz 8 + (04/e)0 7 6 `) 6.; Gmz 04/e 7 8.3>0 n) 5.?Gmz e ΰ 7 88.?6 Gmz f) ?.00Gmz _ikty chki eroquoiny 7 ΰe ΰ 7 044 x 88.?6Gmz Hiswor: h 7 0>4= Gmz. Chki `hifwkftm prlfunt elr Oxpahihtkli: hiy GLÊOV ks e V 7 cg/0τ(Ncs+Ncf) 5. Chki `hifwkftm eroquoiny ks C@T7 >444 Vmus C@T ks hpprlxkghtoay ?.; Gmz. Gmz. Vmo nut-lee eroquoiny ks e784Gmz. Smht ks tmo NO smlrt nkrnukt nurroit chki ht ;. Ki hi PN nlupaof NO hgpakekor, wmoi tmo tmo ΰ nutlee eroquoiny< kiput eroquoiny kinrohsos, wmknm le tmoso hro h) 080 `) 004 kinlrront44 f) 044 `) Ulathco Ulathco chki kinrohsos n) Ulathco Ulathco chki fonrohsos fuo tl smuit Hiswor: h nhphnkthino e V 7 >444Gmz Oxpahihtkli: f) Hi PN nlupaof hgpakekor òmhvos akbo h alw phss ekator ΰe ΰ 7 >444Gmz ΰ 7 >444/84 7 >44 Hiswor: ` H 7 ΰ 7 080.8>. Smoi eroquoiny kinrohsos, Oxpahihtkli: smuit rohnthino fonrohsos. Vmo vlathco frlp 3. Smknm le tmo sthtogoit ks kinlrront< hnrlss smuit nhphnkthino fonrohsos hif iot h) Ht uikty chki eroquoiny tmo NO smlrt vlathco chki fonrohso. PN nlupaof hgpakekor nkrnukt nurroit chki ònlgos 8 hnts hs h alw phss ekator ht mkcm eroquoinkos. `) _ikty chki eroquoiny ks tmo shgo hs Chki Ch ki 0

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VLTKN 6.5 GKAAOP OEEONV EPOX_OIN[ PO^TLIÔ LE EOV 8. Ki Gkaaor‛s tmolrog, wmht ks tmo nlisthit B. Ekif iot vlathco chki, ckvoi meo 7 ?4 hif mko 7 8bΫ.

h) 03.5= `) -00 n) >4.?? f) -03.5= Hiswor: f

Hppay gkaaors tmolrog tl Oxpahihtkli:

rosksthino òtwooi kiput hif lutput. Ht kiput, P G7844b/8-B 7 P K Lutput, P  I7844b/8-B -8 ≍ 844b Kitoriha vlathco chki , B 7 -meoP  A‛/mko „ B 7 „ ?4xP n||844b/8b 7 „ ?4x6x844/8467 8;0 P K 7 844b/8+8;0 7 4.?8bΫ P K‛ 7 P K||mko 7 4.?8b||8b 7 4.?8Ó8/8.?8 7 4.>>3bΫ chki 7 B.P K‛/P ^+P K‛ 7 „ 8;0 x Iot vlathco 4.>>3/0b + 4.>>3b 7 -03.5=. 6. Ckvoi nhphnkthino w.r w.r.t.t tmo ks 0pE hiftmht lutput i lfo ks 6pE, ilfo ekifkiput ilfo nhphnkthino òtwooi kiput hif lutput ilfo. h) 4.53 pE `) 8.>6pE n) 4.66pE f) 0.0pE Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: N87N(8-B), N07N(8-B -8) N870pE N076pE N8/N078/078-B/8-B-8 B 7 -0

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N8 7 N(8+0) 7 >N N 7 N8/> 7 0/>pE 7 4.53 pE. ?. Nliskfor hi PN nlupaof hgpakekor ht alw eroquoiny. Kitoriha vlathco chki ks -804. Ekif tmo vlathco chki ghciktufo, wmoi ckvoi tmht nlaaontlr rosksthino 7 8bΫ, alhf 7 ;bΫ, nlaaontlr nhphnkthino ks 4. ks 4.8αE, hif kiput eroquoiny ks 04Mz. h) 804 `) 80 n) 8? f) -80 Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: HU 7 -804

e A 7 8/0τNN(P N+P A) 7 8/0τ*4.448 7 8444/0τ 7 8?;.8?Mz HU‛ 7 |

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h) 00.3> Mz `) 580 Mz n) 53>Mz f) >83 Mz Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: P

7 0bΫ, P 7 ?bΫ, N 7 8αE, N@ 7 84αE,NNO 7 04αE,A P ^ 7 0 bΫN mko 7 8bΫ, KN 7 0gH e A8 7 8/0τNN(P N+P A) 7 00.3> Mz e A0 7 cg/0τNO 7 KN/0τNOUV 7 580 Mz ^kino e A0 9 6e A8, moino e A0 ks tmo nlrront hiswor. =. Nliskfor tmo nkrnukt smlwi.

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HU‛ 7 804/=.40 ≍ 8?. 5. Ekif tmo >-f@ eroquoiny ckvoi tmht tmo chki le PN nlupaof hgpakekor ks 8?4, tmo alw eroquoiny vlathco chki ks 844 hif tmo kiput eroquoiny ks ?4Mz. h) ?4.= Mz `) ??.; Mz n) 54Mz f) 844Mz Hiswor: ` HUG 7 8?4 Oxpahihtkli: HUA 7 844 e 7 ?4Mz 844 7 󰁥

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8

8+e 0/0?44 78.?0 e 0 7 0?44*8.0? 7 >80? e 7 ??.;4 Mz.

meo 7 ?4, mko 7 8444Ϋ. Ekif ghciktufo le vlathco chki ht kiput eroquoiny 84Mz. h) 844 `) 8>> n) 855 f) 004 Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Iot alhf 7 84b||84b 7 ?bΫ 7 P A‛ 7 -m P ‛/m 7 -?4Ó?/8 7 -0?4 HUG eo A ko e A 7 8/0τNN(P N+P A) 7 8?.; Mz HUA 7 7 8>>. 󰁥

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√

8

;. Smht ks tmo pmhso smket ki PN nlupaof NO hgpakekor ht alwor >f@ eroquoiny< 3. Ckvoi nlaaontlr rosksthino 7 0bΫ, alhf rosksthino 7 ?bΫ, nlaaontlr nhphnkthino 7 8αE, h) 8=4´ ogkttor nhphnkthino 7 04αE, nlaaontlr nurroit `) 00?´ 7 0gH, slurno rosksthino 7 0bΫ. Ke tmo oeeont n) 034´ f) 844´ le àlnbkicnut-lee nhphnktlr ks kcilrof, ekif tmo hppaknhào eroquoiny.

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Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Vltha pmhso smket 7 8=4´+ thi8(e /e) A Ht >f@ eroquoiny e A/e 7 8

Vltha pmhso smket 7 8=4´ + 6?´ 7 00?´. 84. Nliskfor tmht tmo pmhso smket le hi PN nlupaof NO hgpakekor ks 054´. Ekif tmo alw eroquoiny chki wmoi tmo vlathco chki le tmo trhiskstlr ks -8?4. h) 844 `) 05 n) 64 f) ?? Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: 8=4´ + thi-8(e A/e) 7 054´

e A/e 7 thi(=4) 7 ?.53 8

H7

?

04αH. Ckvoi `hso ogkttor fyihgkn rosksthino, r  ò 7 8444 Ϋ, kiput UK ks 04*ski(843t). Smht ks tmo smlrt nkrnukt nurroit chki< h) >4 `) >? n) 64 f) 844 Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: HK 7 KA/K@

KA 7 -cgU `‛o U `‛o 7 K ` r  `‛o / (8+jϋNr  `‛o) N 7 NF + NV 7 84>pE U `‛o 7 04α.8b/(8+j.843.84>.84-80.8444) HK 7 KA/K@ 7 ?4g.8b/(8+j.843.84>.84-80.8444) HK 7 >? (hpprlx).

4

√

8

+ ?.530 7 05.4?.

VLTKN 6.3 MKCM EPOX_OIN[ HIHA[^K^ LE NO HIF GLÊOV N^ HGTAKEKOP 8. So So nhiilt uso mm-phrhgotor -phrhgotor glfoa ki mkcm eroquoiny hihaysks ònhuso \\\\\\\\\\\\ h) Vmoy haa nhi ò kcilrof elr mkcm eroquoinkos `) Juintkli nhphnkthinos hro ilt kinaufof ki kt n) Juintkli nhphnkthinos mhvo tl ò kinaufof ki kt hihaysks ks fkeeknuat elr mkcm eroquoiny f) HN uskic kt Hiswor: ` Vmo oeeont le sghaaor nhphnktlrs Oxpahihtkli: ks nliskforhào ki mkcm eroquoiny hihaysks le hihalc nkrnukts, hif moino tmoy nhiilt ò kcilrof hs. Kistohf le m-phrhgotor glfoa, wo uso τ-glfoa. 0. Nliskfor h NO nkrnukt, wmoro trhisnlifunthino ks ?4gΫ-8, fkeeuskli nhphnkthino ks 844 pE, trhisktkli nhphnkthino ks > pE. K@ 7

Ckvoi tmht trhisktkli nhphnkthino ks ?E,pknl E>. hif fkeeuskli nhphnkthino ks =4 pknl hif `hso ogkttor fyihgkn rosksthino ks 8?44 Ϋ, ekif tmo ΰ nut-lee eroquoiny. ero quoiny. 5 h) 3.= x 84 rhf/s `) =.4 x 845 rhf/s n) 6;.0 x 845 rhf/s f) 00.3 x 845 rhf/s Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Vmo eroquoiny ki rhfkhis ks

nhanuahtof `y ϋ 7 8/N.r ΰ ò ϋΰ 7 3.= x 845. 6. Elr ckvoi @JV, ΰ7044. Vmo hppakof kiput eroquoiny ks 04 Gmz hif iot kitoriha nhphnkthino ks 844 pE. Smht ks tmo NO smlrt nkrnukt nurroit chki ht ΰ nut-lee eroquoiny< h) 044 `) 844 n) 868.60 f) 664.0 Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Vmo nurroit chki elr tmo NO

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Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Ht uikty chki eroquoiny tmo

ΰ

nkrnukt ks H 7

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Ht e 7 e ΰ, H 7 ΰ Moino H 7 868.60. √

0

?. Ckvoi tmht ΰ7044, kiput eroquoiny ks e7 04Gmz hif smlrt nkrnukt nurroit chki ks H7844. Smht ks tmo uikty chki eroquoiny< h) 0>44 Gmz `) 0444 Gmz n) 0?44 Gmz f) >444 Gmz Hiswor: h ΰ H 7 Oxpahihtkli: ΰ

nurroit chki ks 8 ks h nlrront sthtogoit. Vmo shgo eroquoiny ks e V 7 ΰe ΰ wmknm ks tmo chki `hifwkftm prlfunt le @JV. Chki le @JV ht mkcm eroquoiny fonrohsos fuo tl tmo juintkli ΰ ΰ nut-lee eroquoiny, nhphnkthino. Mlwovor, ht nurroit chki ònlgos . √

0

=. Ckvoi h GLÊOV wmoro chto tl slurno nhphnkthino ks >44 pE hif chto tl frhki nhphnkthino ks ?44 pE. Nhanuahto tmo chki `hifwkftm prlfunt ke tmo trhisnlifunthino ks >4 gΫ-8. h) ?.;= Gmz `) 6.; Gmz 0 8 + (04/e) 7 6 n) 5.?Gmz 04/e 7 8.3>0 f) ?.00Gmz e ΰ 7 88.?6 Gmz _ikty chki eroquoiny 7 ΰe ΰ 7 044 x 88.?6Gmz Hiswor: h Chki `hifwkftm prlfunt elr Oxpahihtkli: 7 0>4= Gmz. hiy GLÊOV ks e V 7 cg/0τ(Ncs+Ncf) Vmus C@T ks hpprlxkghtoay ?.; Gmz. 5. Chki `hifwkftm eroquoiny ks C@T7 >444 Gmz. Vmo nut-lee eroquoiny ks e784Gmz. ;. Ki hi PN nlupaof NO hgpakekor, wmoi tmo Smht ks tmo NO smlrt nkrnukt nurroit chki ht kiput eroquoiny kinrohsos, wmknm le tmoso hro tmo ΰ nutlee eroquoiny< kinlrront< h) 080 N^M fonrohsos h) Pohnthino `) 004 n) >44 `) Ulathco Ulathco chki kinrohsos f) 044 n) Ulathco Ulathco chki fonrohsos fuo tl smuit nhphnkthino Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: e V 7 >444Gmz f) PNekator nlupaof hgpakekor òmhvos akbo h alwHiphss ΰe ΰ 7 >444Gmz Hiswor: ` ΰ 7 >444/84 7 >44 Smoi eroquoiny kinrohsos, Oxpahihtkli: H 7 ΰ 7 080.8>. smuit rohnthino fonrohsos. Vmo vlathco frlp hnrlss smuit nhphnkthino fonrohsos hif iot 3. Smknm le tmo sthtogoit ks kinlrront< vlathco chki fonrohso. PN nlupaof hgpakekor h) Ht uikty chki eroquoiny tmo NO smlrt hnts hs h alw phss ekator ht mkcm eroquoinkos. nkrnukt nurroit chki ònlgos 8 `) _ikty chki eroquoiny ks tmo shgo hs Chki Ch ki VLTKN 6.= VPHI^K^VLP @hifwkftm Trlfunt le @JV ^SKVNMKIC VKGO^ n) Chki le @JV fonrohsos ht mkcmor eroquoinkos fuo tl juintkli nhphnkthinos f) ΰ- nut-lee eroquoiny ks lio wmoro tmo NO smlrt nkrnukt nurroit chki ònlgos ΰ/0 0

√

8

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8. Vmo nlaaontlr nurroit wkaa ilt rohnm tmo stohfy sthto vhauo kisthithiolusay ònhuso le\\\\\\\\\ h) strhy nhphnkthinos `) rosksthinos n) kiput àlnbkic nhphnkthinos f) nlupakic nhphnkthino Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Smoi h puaso ks ckvoi, tmo

>. Vmo tonmikquo usof tl quknbay swktnm lee h trhiskstlr ks `y\\\\\\\\\ h) rovorso `khskic kts ogkttor tl nlaaontlr juintkli `) rovorso `khskic kts `hso tl nlaaontlr juintkli n) rovorso `khskic kts `hso tl ogkttor juintkli f) rovorso `khskic hiy juintkli Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Vmo tonmikquo usof tl quknbay

nlaaontlr nurroit wkaa ilt rohnm tmo stohfy sthto vhauo kisthithiolusay ònhuso le strhy swktnm lee h trhiskstlr ks `y rovorso `khskic kts nhphnkthinos. Vmo nmhrckic hif fksnmhrckic `hso tl nlaaontlr juintkli. Kt ks foglistrhtof le nhphnkthino ghbos tmo nurroit tl rohnm h ki h mkcm vlathco swktnmkic nkrnukt. Vmo stohfy sthto vhauo hetor h ckvoi tkgo nlisthit. hfvhithco le tmks nkrnukt ks tmht kt ks ilt ionosshry tl mhvo mkcm vlathco nlitrla skciha. 0. Elr tmo @JV, ΰ7∙, [email protected] 6. Vmo fkshfvhithco le uskic tmo gotmlf le UNOsht74.3U 74.3U.. Vmo swktnm ks kiktkhaay nalsof. rovorso `khskic `hso ogkttor juintkli Ht t74, kt ks lpoiof. Ht wmknm tkgo tmo @JV ks\\\\\\\\\ aohvos tmo hntkvo rockli< h) mkcm vlathco nlitrla skciha `) alw vlathco nlitrla skciha n) lutput swkic f) kinlgpaoto swktnmkic le lutput Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Vmks gotmlf ks usof tl quknbay

h) 04gs `) ?4gs n) 54gs f) 34gs Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Ht t 1 4, tmo @JV ks LEE ki nut

lee rockli. K@74 hs ΰ7∙, sl KN7KO. Smoi t 9 4, swktnm lpois hif @JV ks LI. Vmo vlathco hnrlss nhphnktlr kinrohsos. Erlg tmo kiput allp, -?-U@O-K(6.>B)+8474 hif ckvos K78gH. KN878-4.?74.?gH.

N874.3+6.>+847-?U. U KN87N8fUN8/ft. Erlg tmks oquhtkli, wo cot t7?4gs.

swktnm lee h trhiskstlr ks `y rovorso `khskic kts `hso tl nlaaontlr juintkli. Kt ks foglistrhtof ki h mkcm vlathco swktnmkic nkrnukt. Vmo fkshfvhithco le uskic tmo gotmlf le rovorso `khskic `hso ogkttor juintkli ks tmht tmo lutput flos ilt swktnm nlgpaotoay tl CIF fuo tl elrwhrf vlathco frlp le tmo fklfo. ?. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic nkrnukts moaps ki tmo hppaknhtklis le swktnmkic tkgos<

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h)

n)

`)

f) Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Vmks ks hi kivortor, ki wmknm tmo

trhiskstlr ki tmo nkrnukt ks swktnmof òtwooi nut lee hif shturhtkli. Vmo alhf, elr oxhgpao, nhi ò h gltlr lr h akcmt ogkttkic fklfo lr hiy ltmor oaontrknha fovkno. 5. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic moaps ki rofunkic tmo swktnmkic tkgo le h trhiskstlr< h) h roskstlr nliiontof erlg `hso tl crluif `) h roskstlr nliiontof erlg ogkttor tl crluif crlui f

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n) h nhphnktlr nliiontof erlg `hso tl crluif f) h nhphnktlr nliiontof erlg ogkttor tl crluif Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Nliiontkic h roskstlr nliiontof

erlg `hso le h trhiskstlr tl crluif/iochtkvo vlathco moaps ki rofunkic tmo swktnmkic tmo swktnmkic tkgo le tmo trhiskstlr. Smoi trhiskstlr shturhto, tmoro ks stlrof nmhrco ki tmo `hso tmht gust ò roglvof òelro kt turis lee.

n) aoss tmhi 4.3U f) nhiilt ò profkntof Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Erlg tmo nut lee nmhrhntorkstkns,

tmo `hso ogkttor vlathco (U@O) ki h nut lee

rockli aoss tmhi hs 4.3U 4.3U. . Vmo nut lee rockli nhi ò ks nliskforof ”lee glfo‛. Moro, U@O 1 4.3 hif KN74. Elr h TIT trhiskstlr, tmo ogkttor pltoitkha gust ò iochtkvo wktm rospont tl tmo `hso.

3. Vmo tkgo thboi elr h trhiskstlr tl turi erlg 84. ^wktnmkic spoof le T+ juintkli fopoifs li \\\\\\\\\ shturhtkli tl nut lee ks \\\\\\\\\ h) Gl`kakty le gkilrkty nhrrkors ki T juintkli h) kivorsoay prlplrtkliha tl nmhrco nhrrkors `) Akeo tkgo le gkilrkty nhrrkors ki T juintkli `) fkrontay prlplrtkliha tl nmhrco nhrrkors n) Gl`kakty le ghjlrkty nhrrkors ki I juintkli n) nmhrckic tkgo le tmo nhphnktlr f) Akeo tkgo le gkilrkty nhrrkors ki I juintkli f) fksnmhrckic tkgo le tmo nhphnktlr Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Smoi sueeknkoit nmhrco nhrrkors

oxkst, tmo trhiskstlr clos kitl shturhtkli. Smoi tmo swktnm ks turiof lee, ki lrfor tl cl kitl nut lee, tmo nmhrco nhrrkors ki tmo `hso rockli ioof tl aohvo. Vmo alicor kt thbos tl aohvo, tmo alicor kt thbos elr h trhiskstlr tl turi erlg shturhtkli tl nut lee.

=. Vmo swktnmkic le plwor wktm h TIT trhiskstlr ks nhaaof \\\\\\\\\ h) slurnkic nurroit `) skibkic nurroit n) elrwhrf slurnkic f) rovorso skibkic Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: ^lgotkgos FN nurroit chki le

Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: ^wktnmkic aohfs tl glvo mlaos

ki T rockli tl I rockli hs gkilrkty nhrrkors. Poglvha le tmks hnnuguahtkli fotorgkios swktnmkic spoof. T+ rochrfs tl h fklfo ki wmknm tmo p typo ks flpof oxnosskvoay.

_IKV U TLSOP ^_TTAKO^ HIF OAONVPLIKN FOUKNO VO^VKIC VLTKN ?.8 AKIOHP GLFO TLSOP ^_TTA[ ^_TTA[

h `kplahr trhiskstlr ks tll alw tl fkrontay swktnm tmo alhf nurroit lr vlathco, sl guatkpao swktnmkic trhiskstlrs ks usof. Vmo alhf ks 8. Smht ks flio ki swktnmkic rocuahtlrs tl nliiontof tl crluif hif tmo trhiskstlr gkikgkzo kts plwor fksskphtkli furkic swktnmos tmo plwor tl kt. swktnmkic< trhiskstlr ;. Vmo `hso ogkttor vlathco ki h nut lee rockli h) _sos oxtoriha `) _sos 8gM nmlbo ks \\\\\\\\\ h) crohtor n) _sos trhiskstlr hif 8gM nmlbo nmlbo f) Iliooxtoriha le tmo goitkliof `) oquha tltmhi 4.3U4.3U

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Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Vl gkikgkzo plwor fksskphtkli

?. Vmo swktnmkic rocuahtlrs nhi lporhto ki h) ^top up furkic swktnmkic, tmo oxtoriha trhiskstlr gust `) ^top flwi ò h swktnmkic plwor trhiskstlr hif h 8gM n) Tlahrkty kivortkic nmlbo sglltm lut tmo nurroit puasos foakvorof f) Haa tmo goitkliof tl tmo alhf. Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Vmo swktnmkic rocuahtlrs nhi 0. Ekxof vlathco rocuahtlrs hif hfjusthào rocuahtlrs hro letoi nhaaof hs lporhto ki hiy lio le tmo tmroo glfos h) ôrkos fksskphtkvo rocuahtlrs fopoifkic li tmo why ki wmknm tmo `) ^muit fksskphtkvo rocuahtlrs nlgplioits hro nliiontof. n) ^trhy fksskphtkvo rocuahtlrs 5. Ekif tmo fkhcrhgghtkn roprosoithtkli le f) Haa tmo goitkliof `hskn swktnmkic rocuahtlr< Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: ôrkos fksskphtkvo rocuahtlrs skguahto h vhrkhào rosksthino òtwooi tmo kiput vlathco & tmo alhf hif moino euintklis ki h akiohr glfo. >. Akiohr sorkos rocuahtlrs hro suktof elr hppaknhtkli wktm h) Mkcm nurroit `) Gofkug nurroit n) Alw nurroit f) Ilio le tmo goitkliof Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Ki sorkos fksskphtkvo rocuahtlr,

nlivorskli oeeknkoiny fonrohsos hs tmo kiput lr lutput vlathco fkeeoroitkha kinrohsos hif vkno vorsh. ^l, akiohr sorkos rocuahtlrs hro suktof elr gofkug nurroit hppaknhtkli wktm h sghaa vlathco fkeeoroitkha. 6. H sorkos swktnmkic rocuahtlrs h) Kgprlvos tmo oeeknkoiny le rocuahtlrs `) Kgprlvos tmo eaoxk`kakty le swktnmkic n) Oimhino tmo rospliso le rocuahtlrs f) Haa le tmo goitkliof

Hiswor: h @hskn swktnmkic rocuahtlrs Oxpahihtkli:

nliskst le elur ghjlr nlgplioits2 8) Ulathco slurno 0) ^wktnm >) Tuaso coiorhtlr 6) Ekators hs goitkliof ki tmo fkhcrhg.

3. Smht hro tmo nlifktklis tl ò shtksekof `y h vlathco slurno elr uskic kt ki swktnmkic

rocuahtlr. rocuahtlr. 8. Kt gust suppay tmo roqukrof lutput plwor hif tmo alssos hsslnkhtof wktm tmo swktnmkic rocuahtlr 0. Kt gust ò ahrco oilucm tl suppay sueeknkoit fyihgkn rhico akio hif alhf vhrkhtklis >. Kt gust ò sueeknkoit mkcm tl goot tmo gkikgug roqukrogoit le tmo rocuahtlr systog tl ò foskciof Hiswor: h tl stlro oiorcy elr h Oxpahihtkli: H sorkos swktnmkic rocuahtlrs ks 6. Kt ghy ò roqukrof nlistruntof sunm tmht, h sorkos phss trhiskstlr sponkekof hgluit le tkgo furkic plwor ehkauro osponkhaay ke tmo systog ks foskciof elr h ks usof hs h swktnm rhtmor tmhi hs h vhrkhào nlgputor plwor suppay. rosksthino ki akiohr glfo. h) 88,0,> hif hif > 6 > `)

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n) 0,> hif 6 f) 8,> hif 6 Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: H vlathco slurno gust shtksey

tmo oitkro ckvoi roqukrogoit tl ò usof ki swktnmkic rocuahtlr.

=. Smknm hglic tmo elaalwkic hnt hs h swktnm ki swktnmkic rocuahtlr< h) Pontkekors `) Fklfo n) Vrhiskstlrs f) Poahys Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: H trhiskstlr ks nliiontof hs

plwor swktnm hif ks lporhtof ki tmo shturhtof glfo.Vmus, tmo puaso coiorhtlr lutput hatorihtkvoay turis tmo swktnm LI hif LEE ki swktnmkic rocuahtlr. ;. Smht smluaf ò tmo eroquoiny rhico le puaso coiorhtlr< h) 0?4 bMz `) 64 bMz n) 804 bMz f) 04 bMz Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Vmo glst oeeontkvo eroquoiny

rhico elr puaso coiorhtlr elr lptkgug oeeknkoiny hif nlgplioit skzo ks 04bMz. 84. Ekator usof ki swktnmkic rocuahtlr‛s hro hasl hs nhaaof h) FN „ HN trhiselrgors `) HN „ FN trhiselrgors n) FN trhiselrgor f) HN trhiselrgor Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Ekator nlivorts tmo puaso

88. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic ks nliskforof tl ò tmo glst kgplrthit nlgplioits le tmo swktnmkic rocuahtlr< h) PN lr PAN ekator `) PA lr PAN ekator n) LPN lr PA ekator f) PN, PAN lr PA ekator Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: PA lr PAN ekator ks tmo glst

kgplrthit nlgplioits le tmo swktnmkic rocuahtlr, ònhuso tmoro hro sovorha hrohs tmht hro heeontof `y tmo nmlbo le kifuntlr kinaufkic oiorcy stlrhco elr tmo rocuahtlrs lutput rkppao, trhiskoit, rospliso otn. 80. Smknm ks tmo glst nlggliay usof alw vlathco swktnmkic rocuahtlrs< h) Tlwforof Torghaaly tlrlkfs `) Eorgkto OK, _ hif tlrlkf nlros n) ^kaknli stooa OK ùtt sthnbs f) Ilio le tmo goitkliof Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Vmo skaknli stooa OK ùtt sthnb

oxmk`kts mkcm porgoh`kakty mkcm eaux foiskty hif ohso le nlistruntkli hif gluitkic tmoroelro, kt ks glst nlggliay usof ki alw vlathco swktnmkic rocuahtlrs. 8>. Ekif tmo vhauo le P sn, A hif Nl elr h ¿H3=64 swktnmkic rocuahtlr tl prlvkfo +? v ht >H, uskic tmo elaalwkic sponkeknhtklis: tlee 7 06¿s, rkppao vlathco 7 644gH hif tli705¿s. h) P sn 7 ?? gΫ , A 7 0?¿M & Nl 7 3?4¿E `) P sn 7 ??4 gΫ , A 7 0?¿M & Nl 7 3?¿E n) P sn 7 5?4 gΫ , A 7 0?¿M & Nl 7 5?¿E f) P sn 7 304 gΫ , A 7 0?¿M & Nl 7 0?4¿E Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Tohb nurroit,K pb 7 644gHÓ 8.?

whvoelrg erlg tmo lutput le tmo swktnm kitl h fn vlathco. ^kino tmks swktnmkic gonmhiksg (skino K pb  7 8.? H elr pohb nurroit) haalws h nlivorskli skgkahr tl trhiselrgors, ∶ P sn 7 4.>>lmg/K pb  7 4.>>lmg/5 7 tmo swktnmkic rocuahtlrs ks letoi roeorrof tl hs h FN trhiselrgor.

4.4??lmg. 79 A7 R(Ul +U p) / K pb WÓtlee  7R(?+8.0?) /5 WÓ

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06Ó84-5 70?¿M. 79 Nl 7 RK pb  (Vli +Vlee )W/R=ÓUrkppaoW ∿V 7 Rtli + tlee W 7 05¿s + 06¿s 7 ?4¿s 79 Nl 7 R (5Ó?4¿s)W/(=Ó?4gH) 7 3.?Ó84-6 7 3?4¿E.

h) 8- kkk , 0- k , >- kk `) 8- k , 0- kk , >- kkk n) 8- kkk , 0- kk , >- k f) 8- kkk , 0- kk , >- k

86. Nhanuahto tmo oeeknkoiny le tmo stop flwi swktnmkic rocuahtlr ckvoi tmo kiput vlathco Uki7 8>.?v hif lutput vlathco 75v. Hssugo tmo shturhtkic shturh tkic Ulathco Ulathco Us78.8v hif tmo elrwhrf vlathco frlp Uf 7 8.0?3v h) γ 7 3?% `) γ 7 6=.?% n) γ 7 5>.;% f) γ 7 =4.?%

elrguah elr stop up, stop flwi hif nlivortkic glfo le swktnmkic rocuahtlr.

Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Oeeknkoiny le tmo stop flwi

swktnmkic rocuahtlr, γ 7 {R(Uki-Us+Uf)W/ RUkiW}Ó(Ul) / R(Ul+Uf)W 7 {R(8>.?v8.8v+8.0?3v)/8>.?vW} ÓR(5/(5 Ó8.0?3)W 79 Oeeknkoiny le swktnmkic rocuahtlr, γ 7 (8.480Ó4.3;??)Ó844 7 4.=4?8Ó844 7 =4.?%. 8?. Ghtnm tmo nmhrhntorkstkns elr vhrklus swktnmkic rocuahtlrs. ^wktnmkic rocuahtlr Nmhrhntorkstkns (k) Rtli / tlee  W 7 R Ul 8. + UfW / RUki -Us Kivortkic UfW2 P sn 7 ( 4.>>/ K pb ) (kk) Rtli / tlee  W 7 R 0. stop Ul + Uf -UkiW / flwi RUki-UsW 2 P sn 7 ( 4.>>/ K pb ) (kkk) Rtli / tlee  W 7 R Glfuaus Ul +UfW / >. stop up (Uki-Us)2 P sn 7 ( pb 4.>>/ K pb

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Nmhrhntorkstkns hif foskci

VLTKN ?.0 PONVKEKOP^ EKAVOP^ - MHAEM HAE-S SHUO PONVKEKOP TLSOP ^_TTA[ 8. Vmo fklfo ki h mhae whvo rontkekor mhs h elrwhrf rosksthino PE. Vmo vlathco ks Ugskiϋt hif tmo alhf rosksthino ks PA. Vmo FN nurroit ks ckvoi `y \\\\\\\\\ h) Ug/√0P A `) Ug/(P E+P A)τ n) 0Ug/√τ f) Ug/P A Hiswor: ` Elr h mhae whvo rontkekor, tmo Oxpahihtkli: KFN7KHUC7Kg/τ )7K skiϋt K7 Ugskiϋt/(P E+P A g Kg 7Ug/ P E+P A ^l, KFN7Kg/τ7U g/(P E+P A). 0. Vmo òalw ekcuro hrrkvos tl h nlinauskli tmht \\\\\\\\\

h) elr Uk 9 4, U47-(P 0/P 8)Uk `) elr Uk 9 4, U474 k 4, U47-(P 0/P 8)Uk n) f) U Uk 1 1 4, U474

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Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Vmo ckvoi lp-hgp ks ki

kivortkic glfo hif tmks ghbos tmo lutput vlathco tl mhvo h pmhso smket le 8=4´. Vmo lutput vlathco ks ilw iochtkvo. ^l, tmo fklfo 8 ks rovorso `khsof hif fklfo 0 ks elrwhrf `khsof. Vmoi lutput ks naohray zorl. >. Smht ks tmo lutput hs h euintkli le tmo kiput vlathco (elr plsktkvo vhauos) elr tmo ckvoi ekcuro. Hssugo kt‛s hi kfoha lp-hgp wktm zorl elrwhrf frlp (Fk74)

kielrghtkli wktm tmks oquhtkli, Ug 7?4. Tlwor7Ug0/P A7?4*?4/844470.?U. ?. Ki h mhae whvo rontkekor, tmo skio whvo kiput ks 044ski>44t. Vmo hvorhco vhauo le lutput vlathco ks< h) ?3.=35U `) 53.6?>U n) 5>.5;6U f) 35.;=3U Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Nlgphrkic wktm tmo sthifhrf

oquhtkli, Ug7044U. Hvorhco vhauo ks ckvoi `y, Uhvc7Ug/τ. ^l, 044/τ75>.5;6.

h) 4 k `) -U n) Uk f) 0U k Hiswor: n Smoi tmo kiput le tmo kivortof Oxpahihtkli:

5. Oeeknkoiny le h mhae whvo rontkekor ks h) ?4% `) 54% n) 64.5% f) 65% Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Oeeknkoiny le h rontkekor ks tmo

oeeontkvoioss tl nlivort HN tl FN. Elr mhae whvo kt‛s 64.5%. Kt‛s ckvoi `y, Ulut/Uki*844.

3. Ke pohb vlathco elr h mhae whvo rontkekor nkrnukt ks ?U hif fklfo nut ki vlathco ks 4.3, tmoi pohb kivorso vlathco li fklfo wkaa ò< h) ?U hppohrs ht tmo lutput. `) 6.;U 6. Ki h mhae whvo rontkekor, tmo skio whvo kiput n) 6.>U f) 5.3U ks ?4ski?4t. Ke tmo alhf rosksthino ks le 8B, tmoi hvorhco FN plwor lutput wkaa ò< Hiswor: n h) >.;;U Oxpahihtkli: TKU ks tmo ghxkgug rovorso `) 0.?U `khs vlathco tmht nhi ò hppohrof hnrlss hnrls s h n) ?.;3U fklfo ki tmo ckvoi nkrnukt, Ke tmo TKU rhtkic ks f) 5.33U aoss tmhi tmks vhauo le `rohbflwi le fklfo wkaa lnnur. Elr h rontkekor, TKU7Ug-Uf7? Hiswor: ` Vmo sthifhrf elrg le h skio 4.376.>U. Oxpahihtkli: whvo ks Ugskiϋt. @[ nlgphrkic tmo ckvoi =. Vrhiselrgor utkakshtkli ehntlr le h mhae whvo rontkekor ks \\\\\\\\\ h) 4.0>6 glfo lp-hgp ks plsktkvo, tmo lutput ks iochtkvo. Vmo fklfo ks rovorso `khsof. Vmo kiput

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`) 4.03; n) 4.0=3 f) 4.6?>

8. Oeeknkoiny le h noitro thppof euaa whvo rontkekor ks \\\\\\\\\ h) ?4% `) 65% Hiswor: n n) 34% Oxpahihtkli: Vrhiselrgor utkakshtkli ehntlr ks f) =8.0% tmo rhtkl le HN plwor foakvorof tl alhf tl tmo Hiswor: f FN plwor rhtkic. Vmks ehntlr kifknhtos Oxpahihtkli: Oeeknkoiny le h rontkekor ks tmo oeeontkvoioss le trhiselrgor ushco `y rontkekor. Elr h mhae whvo rontkekor, kt‛s alw hif oeeontkvoioss tl nlivort HN tl FN. Kt‛s oquha tl 4.0=3. l`thkiof `y thbkic rhtkl le FN plwor lutput tl ghxkgug HN plwor foakvorof tl alhf. Kt‛s ;. Ke tmo kiput eroquoiny le h mhae whvo usuhaay oxprossof ki pornoithco. Elr noitro rontkekor ks 844Mz, tmoi tmo rkppao eroquoiny thppof euaa whvo rontkekor, kt‛ kt‛ss =8.0%. wkaa ò\\\\\\\\\ h) 8?4Mz 0. H euaa whvo rontkekor suppakos h alhf le `) 044Mz 8B℥. Vmo HN vlathco hppakof tl fklfos ks n) 844Mz 004U (rgs). Ke fklfo rosksthino ks iocaontof, f) >44Mz wmht ks tmo rkppao vlathco< h) 4.?50U Hiswor: n `) 4.3=?U Oxpahihtkli: Vmo rkppao eroquoiny le tmo n) 4.;?6U lutput hif kiput ks shgo. Vmks ks ònhuso, lio f) 4.>66U mhae nynao le kiput ks phssof hif ltmor mhae nynao ks sokzof. ^l, oeeontkvoay tmo eroquoiny Hiswor: n ks tmo shgo. Oxpahihtkli: Vmo rkppao vlathco ks (Uϐ)PG^7ϐUFN /844. 84. Pkppao ehntlr le h mhae whvo rontkekor UFN74.5>5*UPG^* √074.5>5*004* ks\\\\\\\\\(Kg ks tmo pohb nurroit hif PA ks √078;=U hif rkppao ehntlr ϐ elr euaa whvo alhf rosksthino) rontkekor ks 4.6=0. h) 8.686 Moino, (Uϐ)PG^74.6=0*8;= /84474.;?6U /84474.;?6U.. `) 8.08 n) 8.6 f) 4.6= >. euaa whvo foakvors ?4S tl h alhf le H 044℥. Ke tmorontkekor rkppao ehntlr ks 0%, nhanuahto tmo HN rkppao hnrlss tmo alhf. Hiswor: ` h) 0U Oxpahihtkli: Vmo rkppao ehntlr le h rontkekor `) ?U ks tmo gohsuro le fkstur`hinos prlfunof ki n) 6U tmo lutput. Kt‛s tmo oeeontkvoioss le h plwor suppay ekator tl rofuno tmo rkppao vlathco. Vmo f) 8U rhtkl le rkppao vlathco tl FN lutput vlathco ks Hiswor: h rkppao ehntlr wmknm ks 8.08. Oxpahihtkli: So bilw tmht, TFN7UFN0/P A. ^l, UFN7(TFN*PA)8/07844448/07844U. VLTKN ?.> E_AA-SHUO Moro, ϐ74.40 PONVKEKOP TLSOP ^_TTA[ HN/UFN7UHN/844.^l, ϐ7U U HN74.40*84470U.

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6. H euaa whvo rontkekor usos alhf roskstlr le 8?44℥. Hssugo tmo fklfos mhvo P e 784℥, P r 7∙. Vmo vlathco hppakof tl fklfo ks >4U wktm h eroquoiny le ?4Mz. Nhanuahto tmo HN plwor kiput. h) >5=.;=gS

5. Ke kiput eroquoiny ks ?4Mz elr h euaa whvo rontkekor, tmo rkppao eroquoiny le kt wluaf ò \\\\\\\\\ h) 844Mz `) ?4Mz n) 0?Mz

`) 03?.0gS n) 86?.35gS f) 6?5.3=gS

f) ?44Mz Hiswor: h

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Vmo HN plwor kiput

thppof rontkekor, lio le tmo mhae nynao ks ropohtof. Vmo eroquoiny wkaa ò twkno hs tmht le kiput eroquoiny. ero quoiny. ^l, kt‛s 844Mz.

Oxpahihtkli: Ki tmo lutput le tmo noitro

TKI7KPG^0(P E+P r ). KPG^7Kg/ 3. Vrhiselrgor utkakzhtkli ehntlr le h noitro thppof euaa whvo rontkekor ks\\\\\\\\\ √07Ug/(P e +P A)√07>4/(8?44+84)*8.68678>.?gH ^l, TKI7(8>.?*84->)0*(8?44+84)703?.0gS. h) 4.50> `) 4.53= n) 4.5;> ?. Ki h noitro thppof euaa whvo rontkekor, f) 4.50? P A78B℥ hif elr fklfo Pe784℥. Vmo prkghry vlathco ks =44skiϋt wktm trhiselrgor turis Hiswor: n rhtkl70. Vmo rkppao ehntlr wkaa ò \\\\\\\\\ Oxpahihtkli: Vrhiselrgor utkakshtkli ehntlr ks tmo rhtkl le HN plwor foakvorof tl alhf tl tmo FN plwor rhtkic. Vmks ehntlr kifknhtos oeeontkvoioss le trhiselrgor ushco `y rontkekor. Elr h mhae whvo rontkekor, kt‛s alw hif oquha tl 4.5;>. h) ?6% `) 6=% n) 05% 05% f) =8%

=. Ki tmo nkrnukts ckvoi c kvoi òalw, tmo nlrront euaa whvo rontkekor ks \\\\\\\\\

Hiswor: ` Vmo rkppao ehntlr ϐ7 Oxpahihtkli:

R(KPG^/KHUC)0 „ 8W8/0. KPG^ 7Kg / √07Ug/(P e +P A)√07044/8.4878;=. (ônlifhry akio tl akio vlathco ks =44/07644. Fuo tl noitro thp Ug7644/07044) KPG^78;=/√07864gH, KHUC70*8;=/ τ7805gH. ϐ7R(864/805)0-8W8/074.6=. ^l, ϐ76=%.

h)

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;. Ke tmo pohb vlathco li h noitro thppof euaa whvo rontkekor nkrnukt ks ?U hif fklfo nut ki vlathco ks 4.3. Vmo pohb kivorso vlathco li fklfo ks\\\\\\\\\ h) 6.>U `) ;.>U n) f) ?.3U 84.3U Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: TKU ks tmo ghxkgug rovorso

`)

`khs vlathco tmht nhi ò hppohrof hnrlss hnrls s h fklfo ki tmo ckvoi nkrnukt, ke TKU rhtkic ks aoss tmhi tmks vhauo le `rohbflwi le fklfo wkaa lnnur. Elr h rontkekor, TKU70Ug-Uf 7 84-4.3 7 ;.>U. 84. Ki h noitro thppof euaa whvo rontkekor, tmo kiput skio whvo ks 0?4ski844t. Vmo lutput rkppao eroquoiny wkaa ò \\\\\\\\\ h) ?4Mz `) 844Mz n) 0?Mz f) 044Mz

n)

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Vmo oquhtkli le skio whvo ks ki

tmo elrg Ugskiϋt. ^l, `y nlgphrkic wo cot ϋ7844. Eroquoiny, e 7ϋ/07?4Mz. Vmo lutput le noitro thppof euaa whvo rontkekor mhs fluào tmo eroquoiny le kipu. Moino, e lut 7 844Mz.

f) Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Smoi tmo kiput ks hppakof, h

euaa whvo rontkekor smluaf mhvo h nurroit ealw. Vmo ealw smluaf ò ki tmo shgo fkrontkli elr `ltm plsktkvo hif iochtkvo mhae nynaos. Liay tmo tmkrf nkrnukt shtksekos tmo h`lvo nlifktkli.

VLTKN ?.6 ULAVHCO POC_AHVLP^: ULAVHCO POC_AHVKLI - AKIOHP ÔPKO^ ^M_IV HIF ^SKVNMKIC ULAVHCO POC_AHVLP^ 8. Smht ks flio ki swktnmkic rocuahtlrs tl gkikgkzo kts plwor fksskphtkli furkic swktnmkic< h) _sos oxtoriha trhiskstlr `) _sos 8gM nmlbo

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n) _sos oxtoriha trhiskstlr hif 8gM nmlbo f) Ilio le tmo goitkliof

ks usof hs h swktnm rhtmor tmhi hs h vhrkhào rosksthino ki akiohr glfo.

Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Vl gkikgkzo plwor fksskphtkli

?. Vmo swktnmkic rocuahtlrs nhi lporhto ki h) ^top up furkic swktnmkic, tmo oxtoriha trhiskstlr gust `) ^top flwi ò h swktnmkic plwor trhiskstlr hif h 8gM n) Tlahrkty kivortkic nmlbo sglltm lut tmo nurroit puasos foakvorof f) Haa tmo goitkliof tl tmo alhf. Hiswor: f 0. Ekxof vlathco rocuahtlrs hif hfjusthào Oxpahihtkli: Vmo swktnmkic rocuahtlrs nhi rocuahtlrs hro letoi nhaaof hs lporhto ki hiy lio le tmo tmroo glfos h) ôrkos fksskphtkvo rocuahtlrs fopoifkic li tmo why ki wmknm tmo `) ^muit fksskphtkvo rocuahtlrs nlgplioits hro nliiontof. n) ^trhy fksskphtkvo rocuahtlrs 5. Ekif tmo fkhcrhgghtkn roprosoithtkli le f) Haa tmo goitkliof `hskn swktnmkic rocuahtlr< Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: ôrkos fksskphtkvo rocuahtlrs skguahto h vhrkhào rosksthino òtwooi tmo kiput vlathco & tmo alhf hif moino euintklis ki h akiohr glfo. >. Akiohr sorkos rocuahtlrs hro suktof elr hppaknhtkli wktm h) Mkcm nurroit `) Gofkug nurroit n) Alw nurroit f) Ilio le tmo goitkliof Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Ki sorkos fksskphtkvo rocuahtlr,

nlivorskli oeeknkoiny fonrohsos hs tmo kiput lr lutput fkeeoroitkha kinrohsoshro hif vkno vorsh.vlathco ^l, akiohr sorkos rocuahtlrs suktof elr gofkug nurroit hppaknhtkli wktm h sghaa vlathco fkeeoroitkha.

Hiswor: h @hskn swktnmkic rocuahtlrs Oxpahihtkli:

nliskst le elur ghjlr nlgplioits2 8) Ulathco slurno 0) ^wktnm >) Tuaso coiorhtlr 6) Ekators hs goitkliof ki tmo fkhcrhg.

Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: H sorkos swktnmkic rocuahtlrs ks

3. Smht hro tmo nlifktklis tl ò shtksekof `y h vlathco slurno elr uskic kt ki swktnmkic rocuahtlr. 8. Kt gust suppay tmo roqukrof lutput plwor hif tmo alssos hsslnkhtof wktm tmo swktnmkic rocuahtlr 0. Kt gust ò ahrco oilucm tl suppay sueeknkoit fyihgkn rhico akio hif alhf vhrkhtklis >. Kt gust ò sueeknkoit mkcm tl goot tmo gkikgug roqukrogoit le tmo rocuahtlr systog tl ò foskciof 6. Kt ghy ò roqukrof tl stlro oiorcy elr h

nlistruntof sunm tmht, h sorkos phss trhiskstlr

sponkekof hgluit le tkgoksfurkic plwor osponkhaay ke tmo systog foskciof elr hehkauro

6. H sorkos swktnmkic rocuahtlrs h) Kgprlvos tmo oeeknkoiny le rocuahtlrs `) Kgprlvos tmo eaoxk`kakty le swktnmkic n) Oimhino tmo rospliso le rocuahtlrs f) Haa le tmo goitkliof

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nlgputor plwor suppay. h) 8 hif > `) 8,0,> hif 6 n) 0,> hif 6 f) 8,> hif 6 Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: H vlathco slurno gust shtksey

tmo oitkro ckvoi roqukrogoit tl ò usof ki swktnmkic rocuahtlr.

=. Smknm hglic tmo elaalwkic hnt hs h swktnm ki swktnmkic rocuahtlr< h) Pontkekors `) Fklfo n) Vrhiskstlrs f) Poahys Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: H trhiskstlr ks nliiontof hs

plwor swktnm hif ks lporhtof ki tmo shturhtof glfo.Vmus, tmo puaso coiorhtlr lutput hatorihtkvoay turis tmo swktnm LI hif LEE ki swktnmkic rocuahtlr. ;. Smht smluaf ò tmo eroquoiny rhico le puaso coiorhtlr< h) 0?4 bMz `) 64 bMz n) 804 bMz f) 04 bMz Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Vmo glst oeeontkvo eroquoiny

rhico elr puaso coiorhtlr elr lptkgug oeeknkoiny hif nlgplioit skzo ks 04bMz.

84. Ekator usof ki swktnmkic rocuahtlr‛s hro hasl hs nhaaof h) FN „ HN trhiselrgors `) HN „ FN trhiselrgors n) FN trhiselrgor f) HN trhiselrgor Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Ekator nlivorts tmo puaso

whvoelrg le tmogonmhiksg swktnm kitl h fn vlathco.erlg ^kinotmo tmkslutput swktnmkic

haalws h nlivorskli skgkahr tl trhiselrgors, tmo swktnmkic rocuahtlrs ks letoi roeorrof tl hs h FN trhiselrgor. 88. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic ks nliskforof tl ò tmo glst kgplrthit nlgplioits le tmo swktnmkic rocuahtlr< h) PN lr PAN ekator `) PA lr PAN ekator n) LPN lr PA ekator f) PN, PAN lr PA ekator Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: PA lr PAN ekator ks tmo glst

kgplrthit nlgplioits le tmo swktnmkic rocuahtlr, ònhuso tmoro hro sovorha hrohs tmht hro heeontof `y tmo nmlbo le kifuntlr kinaufkic oiorcy stlrhco elr tmo rocuahtlrs lutput rkppao, trhiskoit, rospliso otn.

80. Smknm ks tmo glst nlggliay usof alw vlathco swktnmkic rocuahtlrs< h) Tlwforof Torghaaly tlrlkfs `) Eorgkto OK, _ hif tlrlkf nlros n) ^kaknli stooa OK ùtt sthnbs f) Ilio le tmo goitkliof Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Vmo skaknli stooa OK ùtt sthnb

oxmk`kts mkcm porgoh`kakty mkcm eaux foiskty hif ohso le nlistruntkli hif gluitkic tmoroelro, kt ks glst nlggliay usof ki alw vlathco swktnmkic rocuahtlrs. 8>. Ekif tmo vhauo le P sn, A hif Nl elr h ¿H3=64 swktnmkic rocuahtlr tl prlvkfo +? v ht >H, uskic tmo elaalwkic sponkeknhtklis: tlee 7 06¿s, rkppao vlathco 7 644gH hif tli705¿s. h) P sn 7 ?? gΫ , A 7 0?¿M & Nl 7 3?4¿E `) P sn 7 ??4 gΫ , A 7 0?¿M & Nl 7 3?¿E n) P sn 7 5?4 gΫ , A 7 0?¿M & Nl 7 5?¿E f) P sn 7 304 gΫ , A 7 0?¿M & Nl 7 0?4¿E Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Tohb nurroit,K pb pb 7 644gHÓ 8.?

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(skino K pb  7 8.? H elr pohb nurroit) ∶ P sn 7 4.>>lmg/K pb  7 4.>>lmg/5 7 4.4??lmg. 79 A7 R(Ul +U p) / K pb WÓtlee  7R(?+8.0?) /5 WÓ 06Ó84-5 70?¿M. 79 N 7 RK (V +V )W/R=ÓU W ∿V 7 l pb li lee rkppao Rtli + tlee W 7 05¿s + 06¿s 7 ?4¿s 79 Nl 7 R (5Ó?4¿s)W/(=Ó?4gH) 7 3.?Ó84-6 7 3?4¿E.

Glfuaus Ul +UfW / (Uki-Us)2 P sn 7 ( 4.>>/ K pb h) 8- kkk , 0- k , >- kk `) 8- k , 0- kk , >- kkk n) 8- kkk , 0- kk , >- k f) 8- kkk , 0- kk , >- k Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Nmhrhntorkstkns hif foskci

86. Nhanuahto tmo oeeknkoiny le tmo stop flwi swktnmkic rocuahtlr ckvoi tmo kiput vlathco Uki7 8>.?v hif lutput vlathco 75v. Hssugo tmo shturhtkic shturh tkic Ulathco Ulathco Us78.8v hif tmo elrwhrf vlathco frlp Uf 7 8.0?3v h) γ 7 3?% `) γ 7 6=.?%

elrguah elr stop up, stop flwi hif nlivortkic glfo le swktnmkic rocuahtlr.

n) f) γγ 77 5>.;% =4.?%

8. Vmo GLÊOV nlg`kios tmo hrohs le \\\\\\\ & \\\\\\\\\ h) ekoaf oeeont & GL^ tonmilalcy `) sogknlifuntlr & VVA tonmilalcy n) gls tonmilalcy & NGL^ f) ilio le tmo goitkliof Hiswor: h Kt ks hi oimhinogoit le tmo Oxpahihtkli: EOV fovknos (ekoaf oeeont) uskic GL^ tonmilalcy.

Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: Oeeknkoiny le tmo stop flwi

swktnmkic rocuahtlr, γ 7 {R(Uki-Us+Uf)W/ RUkiW}Ó(Ul) / R(Ul+Uf)W 7 {R(8>.?v8.8v+8.0?3v)/8>.?vW} ÓR(5/(5 Ó8.0?3)W 79 Oeeknkoiny le swktnmkic rocuahtlr, γ 7 (8.480Ó4.3;??)Ó844 7 4.=4?8Ó844 7 =4.?%. 8?. Ghtnm tmo nmhrhntorkstkns elr vhrklus swktnmkic rocuahtlrs. ^wktnmkic Nmhrhntorkstkns rocuahtlr (k) Rtli / tlee  W 7 R Ul + UfW / RUki -Us 8. Kivortkic UfW2 P sn 7 ( 4.>>/ K pb ) (kk) Rtli / tlee  W 7 R 0. stop Ul + Uf -UkiW / flwi RUki-UsW 2 P sn 7 ( 4.>>/ K pb ) >. sto stopp up (k (kkk kk)) Rtli / tlee  W 7 R

VLTKN ?.? ? .? LUOP LUO P ULAV ULAVHCO TPLVONVKLI - @JV HIF GLÊOV

0. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic torgkihas flos ilt òalic tl tmo GLÊOV< h) Frhki `) Chto n) @hso f) ^lurno Hiswor: n GLÊOV ks h tmroo torgkiha Oxpahihtkli: fovkno F, C & ^. >. Nmllso tmo nlrront sthtogoit h) GLÊOV ks h uinlitrlaaof fovkno `) GLÊOV ks h vlathco nlitrlaaof fovkno n) GLÊOV ks h nurroit nlitrlaaof fovkno

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f) GLÊOV ks h togporhturo nlitrlaaof fovkno Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Kt ks h vlathco nlitrlaaof

fovkno.

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Vmo hrrlw ks tl kifknhto tmo

fkrontkli le oaontrlis (lpplskto tl tmo fkrontkli le nlivoitkliha nurroit ealw). 3. Vmo nlitrlaakic phrhgotor ki GLÊOV ks h) Ufs `) Kc n) Ucs f) Ks

6. Nmllso tmo nlrront sthtogoit(s) k) Vmo chto nkrnukt kgpofhino le GLÊOV ks mkcmor tmhi tmht le h @JV kk) Vmo chto nkrnukt kgpofhino le GLÊOV ks alwor tmhi tmht le h @JV Hiswor: ` kkk) Vmo GLÊOV mhs mkcmor swktnmkic alssos Oxpahihtkli: Vmo chto tl slurno vlathco ks tmhi tmht le h @JV tmo nlitrlaakic phrhgotor ki h GLÊOV GLÊOV.. kv) Vmo GLÊOV mhs alwor swktnmkic alssos =. Ki tmo kitoriha strunturo s trunturo le h GLÊOV, h tmhi tmht le h @JV phrhsktkn @JV oxksts òtwooi tmo h) @ltm k & kk h) slurno & chto torgkihas `) @ltm kk & kv `) slurno & frhki torgkihas n) @ltm k & kv n) frhki & chto torgkihas f) Liay kk f) tmoro ks il phrhsktkn @JV ki GLÊOV Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: GLÊOV roqukros chto skcihas Hiswor: ` wktm alwor hgpaktufo hs nlgphrof nlgphr of tl @JVs & Oxpahihtkli: Oxhgkio tmo kitoriha strunturo le h GLÊOV, iltkno tmo i-p-i strunturo mhs alwor swktnmkic alssos. òtwooi tmo frhki & slurno. H p-nmhiioa ?. Nmllso tmo nlrront sthtogoit GLÊOV wkaa mhvo h p-i-p strunturo. h) GLÊOV ks h uikplahr, vlathco nlitrlaaof, ;. Ki tmo trhiseor nmhrhntorkstkns le h twl torgkiha fovkno GLÊOV, tmo tmrosmlaf vlathco ks tmo `) GLÊOV ks h `kplahr, nurroit nlitrlaaof, gohsuro le tmo tmroo torgkiha fovkno n) GLÊOV ks h uikplahr, vlathco nlitrlaaof, h) gkikgug vlathco tl kifuno h i-nmhiioa/pnmhiioa elr nlifuntkli tmroo torgkiha fovkno f) GLÊOV ks h `kplahr, nurroit nlitrlaaof, `) gkikgug vlathco tkaa wmknm togporhturo ks nlisthit twl torgkiha fovkno n) gkikgug vlathco tl turi lee tmo fovkno Hiswor: n f) ilio le tmo h`lvo goitkliof ks truo Oxpahihtkli: GLÊOV ks h tmroo torgkiha Hiswor: h fovkno, Chto, slurno & frhki. Kt ks vlathco Oxpahihtkli: Kt ks tmo gkikgug vlathco tl nlitrlaaof uiakbo tmo @JV & liay oaontrli kifuno h i-nmhiioa/p-nmhiioa wmknm wkaa nurroit ealws. haalw tmo fovkno tl nlifunt oaontrknhaay 5. Vmo hrrlw li tmo syg`la le GLÊOV tmrlucm kts aoictm. kifknhtos 84.Vmo lutput nmhrhntorkstkns le h GLÊOV, h) tmht kt ks h I-nmhiioa GLÊOV ks h palt le `) tmo fkrontkli le oaontrlis n) le nlivoitkliha nurroit ealw f) tmo tmhtfkrontkli kt ks h T-nmhiioa GLÊOV

h) Kf hs h euintkli le Ucs wktm Ufs hs h phrhgotor

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`) Kf hs h euintkli le Ufs wktm Ucs hs h phrhgotor n) Kc hs h euintkli le Ucs wktm Ufs hs h phrhgotor f) Kc hs h euintkli le Ufs wktm Ucs hs h phrhgotor

Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: ^GT^ mhs mkcmor lutput rkppao

hif kts rocuahtkli ks wlrso.

6. \\\\\\\\\ ks usof elr nrktknha alhfs wmoro togplrhry plwor ehkauro nhi nhuso h croht foha le kinlivoikoino. Hiswor: ` h) ^GT^ Oxpahihtkli: Kt ks Kf vs Ufs wmknm hro palttof `) _T^ elr fkeeoroit vhauos le Ucs (chto tl slurno n) GT^ vlathco). f) PNN@

VLTKN ?.5 ^SKVNMOF GLFO TLSOP ^_TTA[ (^GT^)

Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: _ikitorruptkào Tlwor ûppay

ks usof wmoro alhfs wmoro togplrhry plwor ehkauro nhi nhuso h croht foha le kinlivoikoino.

8. ^GT^ ks usof elr hn plwor suppay h) l`thkikic nlitrlaaof ?. \\\\\\\\\\ ks usof ki tmo rlthtkic typo `) l`thkikic nlitrlaaof fn plwor suppay _T^ systog tl suppay tmo ghkis. n) stlrhco le fnlio plwor tl hiltmor h) FN gltlr f) swktnm erlg slurno `) ôae oxnktof FN coiorhtlr n) Hatorihtlr Hiswor: ` ^GT^ (^wktnmkic glfo plwor f) @httory `hib Oxpahihtkli: suppay) ks usof elr l`thkikic nlitrlaaof fn Hiswor: n plwor suppay. Oxpahihtkli: Smoi tmo suppay ks clio, tmo fkosoa oickio ks sthrtof, wmknm ruis tmo 0. ^TG^ hro `hsof li tmo \\\\\\\\ hatorihtlr hif tmo hatorihtlr suppakos plwor tl prkinkpao. tmo ghkis. Ili-rlthtkic typo _T^ hro ilt h) Tmhso nlitrla usof hiyglro. `) Kitocrha nlitrla n) Nmlppor 5. ^thtkn _T^ roqukros \\\\\\\\\\ f) GLÊOV h) liay rontkekor `) liay kivortor Hiswor: n ^GT^ (^wktnmkic glfo plwor n) `ltm kivortor hif rontkekor Oxpahihtkli: f) ilio le tmo goitkliof suppay) hro `hsof li tmo nmlppor prkinkpao. Vmo lutput fn vlathco ks nlitrlaaof `y vhrykic tmo futy nynao le tmo nmlppor nkrnukt. Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Pontkekor tl nlivortor tmo fn erlg tmo `httory tl hn. Kivortor tl nmhrco tmo >. Nmllso tmo kinlrront sthtogoit. `httory erlg ghkis. h) ^GT^ ks aoss soisktkvo tl kiput vlathco vhrkhtklis sghaaor hs nlgphrof tl rontkekors 3. Il fksnlitkiukty ks l`sorvof ki nhso le `) ^GT^ ks h) smlrt `rohb sthtkn _T^ nliekcurhtkli n) ^GT^ mhs alw kiput rkppao `) alic `rohb sthtkn _T^ nliekcurhtkli f) ^GT^ ks h slurno le rhfkl kitoreoroino n) `rohbtypo sthtkn_T^ _T^nliekcurhtkli nliekcurhtkli f) il rlthtkic

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Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Il fkp lr fksnlitkiukty ks

l`sorvof ki nhso le il `rohb sthtkn _T^ nliekcurhtkli, hs tmo `httory kivortor sot kggofkhtoay thbos lvor tmo ghkis. =. _suhaay \\\\\\\\\\ `httorkos hro usof ki tmo _T^ systogs. h) IN `) Ak-Li n) Aohf hnkf f) Haa le tmo goitkliof

8. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic nhi ò h slurno le suppay ki fn plwor suppakos< h) @httory `) Fry noaa n) Euaa whvo rontkekor f) Haa le tmo goitkliof Hiswor: f Oxpahihtkli: ^lurno le suppay wkaa ò h

`httory,, fry noaa lr euaa whvo rontkekor otn. `httory

0. Smknm le tmo hppaknhtkli‛s ekators usof elr< h) Pofunkic rkppaos Hiswor: n `) Kinrohskic rkppaos Oxpahihtkli: Aohf hnkf `httorkos hro nmohpor n) Kinrohskic pmhso nmhico hif mhvo northki hfvhithcos lvor tmo ltmor f) Kinrohskic hgpaktufo typos. IN `httorkos wluaf mlwovor ò tmo Hiswor: h òst, ùt hro tmroo tl elur tkgos glro Oxpahihtkli: Pkppaos hro hn nlgplioits hif oxpoiskvo tmhi Aohf Hnkf. ekators hro usof elr oakgkihtkic hn nlgplioits ;. MUFN trhisgksskli mhs \\\\\\\\\\\ hs erlg h skciha. nlgphrof tl MU MUHN HN trhisgksskli. >. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic roprosoit h nmhico h) sghaaor trhiselrgor skzo le lutput vlathco wmoi alhf nurroit ks `) sghaaor nlifuntlr skzo kinrohsof< n) mkcmor nlrlih alss h) Akio rocuahtkli f) sghaaor plwor trhiseor nhph`kaktkos `) Alhf rocuahtkli Hiswor: ` n) Nurroit rocuahtkli Oxpahihtkli: Vmo nlifuntlr skzo ks sghaaor hs f) Ulathco rocuahtkli tmoro ks il skib oeeont, hif tmo wmlao nlifuntlr ks utkakzof elr trhisgkttkic plwor. Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Alhf rocuahtkli ks tmo prlnoss 84. Vmo iochtkvo plahrkty ks usof ki tmo le erhntkliha nmhico le lutput vlathco wmoi glilplahr akib ònhuso kt alhf nurroit ks kinrohsof erlg zorl tl h) usos aoss nlifuntlr skzo ghxkgug vhauo. `) ks sheor 6. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic coiorhto lutput n) prlfunos aoss rhfkl kitoreoroino vlathco gunm nalsor tl truo vhauo< f) mhs aoss rosksthino h) Vruo coiorhtlr Hiswor: n `) Tronkskli coiorhtlr Oxpahihtkli: Vmo glilplahr akib usos just h n) Lutput coiorhtlr skicao nlifuntlr, wmknm ks usuhaay iochtkvo hs f) Hnnurhto coiorhtlr kt prlfunos aoss rhfkl kitoreoroino hif nlrlih. Hiswor: ` Oxpahihtkli: Tronkskli coiorhtlrs hro lio VLTKN ?.= FO^KCI LE wmknm coiorhtos lutput vlathco gunm nalsor

POC_AHVOF FN TLSOP ^_TTA[

tl tmo truo vhauo.

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?. Smy zoior fklfos hro prlvkfof ki fn suppay< h) Elr elrwhrf nlifuntkli `) Elr rovorso nlifuntkli nlifu ntkli n) Elr roeoroino vlathco f) Elr kinrohskic hgpaktufo Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: Zoior fklfos ki fn plwor

=. Elr kistrugoithtkli systog, pronkskli vhrkhào vlathco-roeoroino systog ks ionosshry. h) Vruo `) Ehaso Hiswor: Oxpahihtkli: h Tronkskli vhrkhào vlathco

suppakos hro usof elr prlvkfkic h roeoroino vlathco usof elr nlgphrksli.

roeoroino systog ks usof elr nlgphrkic vlathco wktm h roeoroino vlathco hif nhi ò usof ki tmo kistrugoithtkli systog.

5. ^th`kakty le lutput vlathco ks oitkroay fopoifof li \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ h) ^th`kakty le trhiselrgor `) ^th`kakty le zoior fklfo n) Xuhakty le wkros f) Nhphnktlr vhauos

;. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic nhi ò usof hs h nlgphrhtlr< h) Zoior fklfo `) Fklfo n) Lporhtkliha hgpakekor f) Haa le tmo goitkliof

Hiswor: ` Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: ^th`kakty le zoior fklfos usof ks Oxpahihtkli: Lporhtkliha hgpakekor nhi ò

hi kgplrthit ehntlr ki fotorgkikic tmo usof hs h nlgphrhtlr nkrnukt. sth`kakty le lutput vlathco ki fn plwor suppay. 84. Smknm le tmo elaalwkic hro ilt tmo 3. Elr oxnoaaoit sth`kakty, tmo zoior fklfo ks sthifhrf vhauo le Zoior fklfos< bopt ki togporhturo nlitrlaaof nhsbot. h) ?.8 U h) Vruo `) ?.5 U `) Ehaso n) ?.=U f) 5.0U Hiswor: h Oxpahihtkli: Zoior fklfo ks bopt li Hiswor: n Oxpahihtkli: ^thifhrf vhauos le zoior togporhturo nlitrlaaof nhsbot fuo tl kts alw togporhturo nloeeknkoit wmknm ghy aohf tl vlathcos hro ?.8U, ?.5U, 5.0U hif ;.8U otn. aoss sth`kakty sth`kakty..

Ec8351 Electronic Circuits I MCQ

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