EC6004 Satellite Communication

www.vidyarthiplus.com  EC6004 SATALLITE COMMUNICATION UNIT I SATELLITE ORBITS Kepler’s Laws, Newton’s law, orbital parameters, orbital perturbations, station keeping,

geo stationary and non Geo-stationary orbits–Look Angle Determination- Limits of visibility –  eclipse-Subsatellite point–Sun transit outage-Launching Procedures-launch vehicles and  propulsion. PART A Questions

Q. No

BT Level

Competence

1.

State Kepler’s second law.

BTL1

Remember

2.

Summarize ascending node & descending node.

BTL6

Create

3.

Illustrate the orbital parameters used for positioning a BTL2

Understand

BTL3

Apply

BTL4

Analyze

satellite. 4.

Summarize the satellite visibility criteria.

5.

Analyze where the determination of antenna look angles used?

6.

Identify the purpose of Station keeping.

BTL3

Apply

7.

List the basic factors affecting satellite position.

BTL4

Analyze

8.

On what factors the limits of visibility depends? Considering BTL5

Evaluate

an earth station at the equator, with the antenna pointing either west or east along the horizontal evaluate the limiting angle. 9.

Define geostationary orbit.

BTL1

Remember

10. 11.

What do you mean by apogee? Compare between ascending node and descending node.

BTL1

Remember

BTL2

Understand

12.

Justify why the orbit is called as orbital Keplerian element?

BTL5

Evaluate

13.

Summarize the Newton’s laws.

BTL2

Understand

14.

Define the Kepler’s First law for planetary motion.

BTL1

Remember

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www.vidyarthiplus.com  15.

Develop few frequency bands used for satellite applications.

BTL3

Apply

16.

Differentiate Apogee and Perigee.

BTL4

Analyze

17.

What are Geostationary Satellites?

BTL1

Remember

18. 19.

Generate the term azimuth angle. Summarize the sub satellite point and what is its significance? Outline the sun transit outage.

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20. 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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8.

PART – B (i)Express the three Kepler’s laws of planetary motion and list the various orbital parameters. (8) (ii)Estimate the suitable equations for look angles and the range for geostationary satellite. (8) (i)List and explain any one type of launching procedures of satellite. (8) (ii) A satellite in polar orbit has a perigee height of 600km and an apogee height of 1200km. Show the mean motion and the rate of regression of the nodes. Assume the polar radius of the earth to be equal to 6357kms. (8) (i)Justify how altitude and orbit control is achieved from an earth station? (8) (ii) Explain about the orbital parameters in detail. (8) (i)Examine the orbital perturbations in detail. (12) (ii) A satellite is orbiting in the equatorial plane with a period from perigee to perigee of 12 h. Given that the eccentricity is 0.002. Calculate  the semi major axis. The earth’s equatorial radius is 6378.1414km. (4) (i)Show the different types of satellite orbits and discuss their merits and demerits. (8) (ii)If a satellite is at a height of 36000km and orbiting in equatorial plane, comment whether the satellite will be under eclipse on equinox days and discover the duration of the eclipse. (8) (i)Generate from basic principles the orbital velocity of a satellite. (8) (ii)Formulate the orbital velocity for the circular orbit. (8) (i)What are the basic terms for earth-orbiting satellites and explain. (8) (ii) Describe briefly the earth eclipse of satellite. (8) (i)Infer what you had understand by the sub satellite point? (8) (ii)Summarize on launch vehicles and propulsion. (8)

BTL5

Evaluate

BTL1

Remember

BTL2

Understand

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www.vidyarthiplus.com  9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

(i) Describe the significance of station keeping. (8) (ii)Define the term angle of tilt and explain how the polar mount antenna works? (8) (i) Categorize the frequency allocations and draw the frequency spectrum for satellite services. (12) (ii)Illustrate the effects of non-spherical earth. (4) (i)Discuss in detail about the orbital maueuvers like inclination, ascending node, semimajor axis and eccentricity. (8) (ii)Explain about orbital elements. (8) (i)Show the different applications & different services  provided by satellite services. (6) (ii) Develop the points to predict the satellite position. (10) (i)Can you give a short notes on atmospheric drag and inclined orbits. (12) (ii)List the features of near stationary orbits. (4) (i) Identify the limits of visibility for an earth station situated at mean sea level, at latitude 48.42o north and longitude 89.26o west. Assume a minimum angle of elevation of 5 o. (6) (ii)Examine the Newton’s laws. (6) (iii)Analyze the conditions that are required for an orbit to be geostationary. (4)

BTL1

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UNIT II SPACE SEGMENT AND SATELLITE LINK DESIGN Spacecraft Technology- Structure, Primary power, Attitude and Orbit control, Thermal

control and Propulsion, communication Payload and supporting subsystems, Telemetry, Tracking and command. Satellite uplink and downlink Analysis and Design, link budget, E/N calculation- performance impairments-system noise, inter modulation and interference, Propagation Characteristics and Frequency considerations- System reliability and design lifetime. Q.No

1.

PART A Questions

Analyze the reason of omnidirectional antenna being used

BT Level

Competence

BTL4

Analyze

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www.vidyarthiplus.com  aboard a satellite for telemetry and command during the launch phase. 2.

Explain the essential of thermal control segment for a spacecraft.

3.

Define the term “EIRP”.

4.

What is spin body stabilization?

5. 6. 7. 8.

Define frequency planning. Infer the reason of intermodulation noise originate in a satellite link. Outline the meaning of antenna noise temperature and system noise temperature referred to the input. Justify how the attitude of a satellite controlled through active control?

9.

BTL2

Understand

BTL1

Remember

BTL5 BTL1

Evaluate Remember

BTL2

Understand

BTL1

Remember

BTL6

Create

BTL4

Analyze

BTL1

Remember

BTL5

Evaluate

Examine why noise temperature is a useful concept in communication receivers?

10.

Identify the parameters that decide the system reliability.

11.

Write the command systems to protect against unauthorized commands and errors.

12.

Draw some common structural types to hold the spacecraft.

BTL1

Remember

13.

Point out the two segments of basic satellite communication.

BTL4

Analyze

14.

Write a note station keeping.

BTL3

Apply

15.

Define the term propellant.

BTL1

Remember

16.

Write the concepts of frequency reuse.

BTL3

Apply

17.

Illustrate how do you achieve stabilization by momentum BTL2

Understand

wheel? 18.

Demonstrate sky noise.

BTL3

Apply

19. 20.

Summarize the features of spot beam antenna. Formulate uplink & downlink equation of a satellite access.

BTL2

Understand

BTL6

Create

PART – B

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www.vidyarthiplus.com  1.

(i)Consider a transmit earth station operating at an uplink frequency of 6GHz. The antenna diameter is 7m with an efficiency of 60%. The antenna tracking loss and atmospheric attenuation is 1.2dB. The uplink slant range is 37506km. Identify the required output power (dBW) of the HPA system 2 at the antennna feed to provide a -80 dBW/m  power flux density at the satellite. (8) (ii)Discuss in detail about the communication payload and supporting subsystems. (8) 2. (i)For a satellite circuit the carrier-to-ratios are uplink 23dB, downlink 20dB, and intermodulation 24dB. Calculate the overall carrier-to-ratio to decibels. Suggest a method to reduce intermodulation noise. (8) (ii)Examine the system reliability and design life time of the space segment. (8) 3. (i)Demonstrate the concept of frequency planning & explain the frequency considerations. (6) (ii)Sketch the attitude control momentum wheel stabilization in the space segment with necessary diagrams and explain it. (10) 4. (i)Describe about antenna subsystem. (10) (ii)Discuss in detail about the spacecraft subsystem. (6) 5. (i)Generate the various supporting subsystems and its structure with diagrams.(4) (ii)Design the equations for primary power of subsystems. (12) 6. (i)Recall the important points about the propulsion. (10) (ii) Define propagation characteristics. (3) (iii)Write short note on performance impairments of interference. (3) 7. Examine how the attitude and orbit control system (AOCS) is achieved through spin stabilization systems? Give necessary diagrams. (16) 8. (i)Explain TT and C system in detail. (8) (ii)Express equation for the downlink C/N ratio for the satellite. (8) 9. (i)State how intermodulation noise originates in a satellite link and describe how it is reduced? (8) (ii)Find the equations for the link power budget. (8) 10. (i)State the importance of station keeping. (8) (ii)Derive the satellite link design equation. (8) 11. (i)Summarize the sources of noise in satellite communication.

BTL6

Create

BTL4

Analyze

BTL3

Apply

BTL2

Understand

BTL5

Evaluate

BTL1

Remember

BTL4

Analyze

BTL2

Understand

BTL1

Remember

BTL1

Remember

BTL2

Understand

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www.vidyarthiplus.com  What is the importance of noise temperature in link design? (8) (ii)Explain the necessity of power amplifier in the transponder. (8) 12. (i)Describe briefly the factors governing the design of satellite links. (10) (ii)Outline the factors that contributing to noise in an earth station receiving channel. (6) 13. (i)Justify the reasons behind why the transponders are connected in the communication channel with a neat diagrams. (4) (ii)Analyze the wideband receiver and input demultiplexer with appropriate diagrams. (12) 14. Solve C/N ratio is directly proportional to G/T ratio from the calculation of system noise temperature. (16)

BTL1

Remember

BTL4

Analyze

BTL3

Apply

UNIT III EARTH SEGMENT Introduction – Receive – Only home TV systems – Outdoor unit – Indoor unit for analog

(FM) TV – Master antenna TV system – Community antenna TV system – Transmit – Receive earth stations – Problems – Equivalent isotropic radiated power – Transmission losses – Freespace transmission – Feeder losses – Antenna misalignment losses – Fixed atmospheric and ionospheric losses – Link power budget equation – System noise – Antenna noise – Amplifier noise temperature – Amplifiers in cascade – Noise factor – Noise temperature of absorptive networks – Overall system noise temperature – Carrier-to- Noise ratio – Uplink – Saturation flux density – Input back off – The earth station - HPA – Downlink – Output back off – Satellite TWTA output – Effects of rain – Uplink rain– Fade margin – Downlink rain – Fade margin – Combined uplink and downlink C/N ratio – Intermodulation noise. PART A Q.No Questions BT Level State the reason for the high power amplifier in earth stations 1. BTL5 deploying some sort of redundancy configuration.

2.

Analyze the basic form of a cassegrain antenna.

3.

Write the features of MATV.

4.

Identify the parameter which is generally regarded as figure

Competence

Evaluate

BTL4

Analyze

BTL1

Remember

BTL4

Analyze

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www.vidyarthiplus.com  of merit. Why? 5. 6.

Define antenna gain. A satellite downlink at 10GHz operates with a transmit

BTL1

Remember

 power of 5w and an antenna gain of 48.2dB. Estimate the

BTL6

Create

BTL3

Apply

BTL2 BTL1

Understand Remember

BTL5

Evaluate

BTL2

Understand

BTL1

Remember

BTL2 BTL6

Understand Create

BTL3

Apply

BTL1

Remember

EIRP in dBW. 7. 8. 9. 10.

For a given satellite and signal transmission show the earth station parameters affecting the C/N ratio. What is meant by noise factor and noise margin? What do you understand by the term Saturation flux density? Give the reason for deploying a demodulator  /   remodulator unit in our home television set when we want to function in a satellite TV /  FM receiving system.

11.

Indicate the reason of LNA in a satellite receiving system  placed at the antenna end of the feeder cable.

12.

Outline, why cassegrain antennas are popular for large earth stations?

13. 14. 15.

What is meant by earth segment? Compare KU-band and the C-band receive only systems. Sketch the outdoor unit for receive only home TV systems.

16.

State the different transmission losses during the transmission link.

17.

Write about fade margin.

BTL3

Apply

18.

Draw and explain antenna misalignment losses.

BTL1

Remember

19.

What do you infer about intermodulation?

BTL2

Understand

Calculate output back-off in downlink process. PART – B Draw a neat block diagram and explain the functional

BTL4

Analyze

1. elements of a basic digital earth station and also the main

BTL1

Remember

BTL6

Create

20.

elements of a satellite tracking system. (16) Elaborate 2.

the

procedures

involved

in

test

equipment

measurements on G / T, C /   NO  and EIRP with reference to the

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www.vidyarthiplus.com  earth segment. (16) (i)Describe briefly MATV & CATV systems. (8) 3. (ii)Explain how the gain of large antennas can be optimized. (8) (i)Estimate Equivalent Isotropic radiated power with an 4. example.(6) (ii)Discuss in detail about the various transmission losses. (10) (i)Point out the calculation of link power budget equation. (4) 5. (ii) Identify the various types of system noise. Explain it in detail. (12) (i)Compute the equation caused by various factors for Uplink communication. (8) 6. (ii) Explain how the satellites are inter linked without need for intermediate ground stations? (8) (i)Explain the operation of Horn antenna and reflector antenna used for satellite communication. (10) 7. (ii)Discuss how fade margin occur during uplink communication. (6) (i)Describe briefly which antenna is suitable for earth station  by its characteristics. (8) 8. (ii) Summarize the concepts and operation of HPA & LPA in satellite communication. (8) (i)Examine about terrestrial interface with suitable diagrams. 9. (10) (ii) Compare MATV & CATV. (6) (i)Sketch the block diagram and explain the TVRO system. 10 (8) (ii)Show any one test equipment for the measurement on carrier-to-ratio. (8) (i)Explain how the TWTA is used in satellite communication with a neat diagrams.(12) 11 (ii)Formulate the expression for downlink fade margin. (4) (i)Derive the expression of output back-off, satellite TWTA output for the downlink communication. (8) 12 (ii)Write a short notes on a)  polarization interleaving (4)  b) absorptive network (4) (i)Calculate the carrier-to-ratio for the combined uplink and 13 downlink communication. (8) (ii)Analyze the type of noise occur when multiple carriers pass

BTL1

Remember

BTL2

Understand

BTL4

Analyze

BTL3

Apply

BTL2

Understand

BTL1

Remember

BTL4

Analyze

BTL3

Apply

BTL5

Evaluate

BTL2

Understand

BTL4

Analyze

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www.vidyarthiplus.com  through in any device with nonlinear characteristics and explain it. (8) (i)Outline the points that how the satellite communication are getting disturbed by the effect of rain. (8) 14 (ii) List the features of cassegrain antenna with suitable diagrams. (8)

BTL1

Remember

UNIT IV SATELLITE ACCESS Modulation and Multiplexing: Voice, Data, Video, Analog – digital transmission system,

Digital video Broadcast, multiple access: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Assignment Methods, Spread Spectrum communication, compression – encryption. PART A Q. No 1.

2.

Questions

Distinguish centrally controlled random access for satellite access from distributed control random access. Television transmission may be classified as full-transponder or half-transponder transmission. State what this means in terms of transponder access.

BT Level

Competence

BTL4

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BTL3

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BTL5

Evaluate

BTL1

Remember

BTL2 BTL1 BTL1 BTL2

Understand Remember Remember Understand

BTL1

Remember

BTL5 BTL2 BTL3 BTL1 BTL6

Evaluate Understand Apply Remember Create

BTL2

Understand

BTL4

Analyze

3. Determine the limitations of CDMA. 4.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

How does the spread spectrum system differ from conventional communication system? Compare single access and multiple access. List the advantages of TDMA over FDMA. Define multiplexing. Write the two basic problems in satellite digital transmission. When VSAT type terminals involved CDMA offers several advantages of satellite networking. What are they? Evaluate the methods of multiple access techniques for satellites. Distinguish preassigned and demand assigned traffic. Calculate the guard time of TDMA. State Carson’s rule. Estimate the frame efficiency of TDMA. Express the processing gain of a satellite access.

16.

Analyze the digital speech interpolation.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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www.vidyarthiplus.com  17. 18.

Summarize the important feature of Intelsat SCPC system. Identify the limitations of FDMA satellite access.

BTL6

Create

BTL1

Remember

19.

Point out the pre-assigned TDMA satellite access.

BTL4

Analyze

BTL3

Apply

BTL1

Remember

BTL3

Apply

BTL1

Remember

BTL4

Analyze

BTL2

Understand

BTL3

Apply

BTL5

Evaluate

BTL1

Remember

BTL2

Understand

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Understand

20.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8. 9. 10. 11.

Derive the equation of BER for PSK modulation. PART – B (i) Describe the diagrammatic representation of a SPADE communication system and explain how this is used on Intelsat satellites. (8) (ii) Outline the “frequency reuse” process and give the merits of spread spectrum communication. (8) Illustrate the features of various multiple access schemes deployed for satellite access and compare it. (16) (i) Show the operation of FDMA and list how this differs from FDM. (6) (ii)What are the ways in which demand assignment may be carried out in FDMA network and explain it. (10) Point out the comment on pros and cons of satellite system  based on TDMA. Also explain the TDMA frame format in detail with relevant diagrams. (16) (i) Express FDMA in detail and also enumerate the interference in FDMA. (8) (ii) Explain direct sequence spread spectrum communication in detail. (8) (i) Demonstrate back off meaning and why is it necessary in multiple access systems. (6) (ii)Show the digital video broadcasting operation in detail. (10) (i) Develop the schemes for compression and encryption are implemented in satellite communication. (6) (ii) Explain in detail about the preassigned FDMA with necessary diagrams. (10) (i)State the reasons behind the wide acceptance of digital transmission systems. (6) (ii) Summarize the digital transmission of ADM & ADPCM techniques. (10) Discuss about analog voice transmission. (16) Illustrate in detail about pre assigned & demand assigned TDMA. (16) Explain the principle behind the spectrum spreading and dispreading and how this is used to minimize interference in a CDMA system. (16)

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www.vidyarthiplus.com  12.

13.

14.

(i)Discriminate the operation of ON board signal processing for FDMA / TDMA operation with suitable diagrams. (10) (ii) Outline the techniques of PCM CODEC. (6) (i) Estimate the pre-assigned traffic for FDMA. (6) (ii) Summarize the important feature of Intelsat SCPC system. (10) (i)Identify the bandlimited and power limited TWT amplifier operation. (10) (ii) Explain the operation of digital TASI in TDMA operation. (6)

BTL4

Analyze

BTL6

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BTL1

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UNIT V SATELLITE APPLICATIONS INTELSAT Series, INSAT, VSAT, Mobile satellite services: GSM, GPS, INMARSAT,

LEO, MEO, Satellite Navigational System. Direct Broadcast satellites (DBS)- Direct to home Broadcast (DTH), Digital audio broadcast (DAB)- World space services, Business TV(BTV), GRAMSAT, Specialized services – E –mail, Video conferencing, Internet. PART A Q. No Questions BT Level 1. What is the principle behind DTH & GPS? BTL1 2. Discuss an intelligent VSAT must use what type of networking BTL2 to permit the maximum utilization of the satellite capacity? 3. Write the applications supported by INTELSAT & INSAT BTL1 series. 4. Give the main idea of World space receivers. BTL2 5. Choose the services provided by GSM. BTL1 6. BTL 5 Evaluate the features of LEO.

7. 8.

9.

10. 11. 12.

What do you infer about GRAMSAT? Classify the two areas of satellite communications which are gaining major thrust from leading satellite industries and organizations in recent years. Justify when there is available bandwidth of 500MHz and how many transponder each of bandwidth 24MHz can be accommodated. State congestion and slowstart with reference to Internet traffic. Indicate the services rendered by DTH. Identify how the satellite used for video conferencing?

Competence Remember

Understand Remember Understand Remember Evaluate

BTL2

Understand

BTL 4

Analyze

BTL6

Create

BTL1 BTL2 BTL1

Remember Understand Remember

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www.vidyarthiplus.com  13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Categorize the types of satellite services. Point out the satellite mobile services. Demonstrate the different types of applications for satellite systems. Outline the three regions to allocate the frequency for satellite services. Illustrate the functions of DBS. Summarize the regions covered by INMARSAT. Define BTV. Identify the concept of DAB. PART – B Describe briefly the types of INTELSAT satellites with respect to basic space craft characteristics and vehicle types. (16) (i) Distinguish the block diagram of an indoor & outdoor unit for a DBS home receiver. (8) (ii) Analyze the DTH system with the help of neat block diagrams. (8) Discuss how GSM & GPS deploying satellites have improved the mobility of the customers. (16) Identify how the specialized services like video conferencing, e-mail and internet have revolutionized the present day communication scenario along with their working principle respectively. (16) (i)Identify how DTH operation is carried out with a neat diagrams. (8) (ii)Point out some recently launched satellites by ISRO. (8) Illustrate elaborately on the various mobile satellite services, its associated challenges and its impact on services, when delivered by satellites. (16) (i) Extend the operation of GPS in detail with necessary diagrams. (8) (ii) Review the concepts of VSAT system in detail with neat diagrams. (8) Discuss about (i) INTELSAT (4) (ii) E-mail (4) (iii) BTV (4) (iv) DTH (4)

BTL 5

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BTL 4

Analyze

BTL3 BTL6

Apply Create

BTL1 BTL3

Remember Apply

BTL1

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BTL 4

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BTL2

Understand

BTL1

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Apply

BTL2

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BTL3

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www.vidyarthiplus.com  9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

(i) Explain about (a)INMARSAT (8) (b) GRAMSAT. (8) Summarize the details about INSAT. (16) Elaborate the main features and services offered by mobile satellite systems. (16) (i)Illustrate about LEO & MEO. (8) (ii)Examine the operation of DAB with neat diagrams. (8) Summarize the main features and services offered by the orbcomm satellite system. (16) (i)Show how the demand assigned multiple access and various configuration used on VSAT (8) (ii)Write a short note on RADARSAT. (8)

BTL2

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BTL1 BTL6

Remember Create

BTL 4

Analyze

BTL 5

Evaluate

BTL1

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VEC/BE/ECE/QB/VII/EC6004/SAT COMM/2016-2017/ODD SEM - Prepared by S.Marirajan, A.P.(Sr.G)

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