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Kbc{a{ bdb akafaj kbc{a{ radg ulkl~jada kad jadra ml~|yacad uak|~ad ka~b nlnl~aya n|c|&  o|cfac radg u|kaj aka$ Kb kafamdra aka ulkbcb{ {ld{adg y~bduby faybu fbu{~bc *Lflc{~`yfa{bdg" radg m|kaj |d{|c kbhajamb$ Nlnl~aya y~`ulu ylfaybuad ka~b {lmnaga& uldg uamyab lmau kbnajau ulea~a ~bdgcau uaoa& uljbdgga mlm|kajcad |d{|c kbel~da kad kbmldgl~{b$ Ylmajamad Ylmajamad mldrlf|~|j mldrlf|~|j {l~jakay kbc{a{ bdb {bkac fadgu|dg fadgu|dg mldoakbcad mldoakbcad ulul`~adg radg ajfb kafam faybu fbu{~bc ayafagb mldoakb ajfb cbmba& jadra ulclka~ mldgldaf kad mlmajamb  y~bduby kaua~ faybu fbu{~bc kad y~`ulu radg {l~cab{ uaoa$ Yaka cldra{aaddra cldra{aaddra faybu fbu{~bc fbu{~bc ml~|yacad ml~|yacad uabdu radg y~ac{bu maca yldgl{aj|ad yldgl{aj|ad cd`w j`w {bkac {bkac kaya{ kaya{ kbadgga kbadggay y ld{ldg ld{ldg ca~lda ca~lda yldgafa yldgafamad mad kad lcuyl~b lcuyl~bmld mld mldld{| mldld{|cad cad clajfb clajfbad ad ulul`~adg kafam nbkadg bdb$ Wafa|y|d ml~|yacad uabdu y~ac{bu {l{ayb yldgl{aj|ad |d{|c  mldglmnadgcad kad yldgl{aj|ad kaua~ radg kbuln|{ cd`w wjr {bkac n`flj kbf|yacad$ Clk|adra nabc y~ac{bu ma|y|d {l`~b{bu akafaj nadg|dad uabdu radg kaya{ kbg|dacad kad kbmadhaa{cad$ [ld{| uaoa& kbc{a{ bdb {bkac {l~flyau ka~b cluafajad kad clc|~adgad ca~lda ~|m|uad radg  nl~agad ka~b y~`ulu hbdbujbdg f`gam$ Ylmnaea n|kbmad kbado|~cad mlmnaea kbc{a{ fabd radg mlmnajau {`ybc radg uama$ Ua~ad kad c~b{bc ayay|d mldoakb k`~`dgad kad {ad{adgad yld|fbu kldgad uldadg ja{b mldoakb najad yl~{bmnadgad yld|fbu$ Kbc{a{ bdb jadra |d{|c cafadgad uldkb~b

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KAH[A^ BUB Ca{a Yldgad{a~  Kah{a~ Bub Nan$ B$ Yldkaj|f|ad a$ Yldgl~{bad Faybu Fbu{~bc   n$ Bu{bfaj kafam Faybu Fbu{~bc  e$ J|c|m Ha~akar Nan$BB$ Y~bduby Cl~oa kad C`dkbub Faybu Fbu{~bc$ a$ Y~bduby Cl~oa  n$ C`dkbub @yl~aub Faybu Fbu{~bc  Nan$BBB$Yl~afa{ad Faybu Fbu{~bc kad ylcl~oaad yldkaj|f|ad 1$ Yl~afa{ad a$ ^le{bhbl~ * [~ah` KE "  n$ Nac  e$ ^ac kad Na~lf k$ Yldkbdgbdad kad Ylmadauad l$ Yldra~bdgad h$ Yldgak|cad >$ Ylcl~oaad Yldkaj|f|ad a$ Ylmnl~ubjad Mlcadbu$  n$ Afcafbdl Klg~laubdg$ e$ Aebk Ybecfbdg$ Nan$BX$ Nan$BX$ Ylfaybuad Fbu{~bc * Lflc{~`yfa{bdg Lflc{~`y fa{bdg " a$ Kby _bde  n$ Ulafbdg Af|m|db|m e$ [lmnaga Eradbk k$ Dbclf l$ Cj~`m

NAN B YLDKAJ\F\AD

A$ YLDGL^[BAD YLDGL^[BAD KAD H\DGUB H\DGUB YLFAYBUA YLFAYBUAD D

Faybu Faybu fbu{~b fbu{~bc c *lfle{ *lfle{~`yf ~`yfa{b a{bdg" dg" akafaj akafaj u|a{| u|a{| y~`ulu y~`ulu yldgldka yldgldkayad yad f`gam f`gam yaka yaka  yl~m|caad  yl~m|caad u|a{| f`gam a{a| d`d f`gam *nldka cl~oa"& ulea~a lflc{~`fbua$ lflc{~`fbua$ Ldkayad radg {l~oakb nl~ubha{ akjlubh {l~jakay f`gam kaua~$ Kafam {lcd`f`gb yldgl~oaad f`gam& y~`ulu faybu fbu{~bc {l~mau|c cl kafam y~`ulu  yldgl~oaad acjb~ *ml{af hbdbujbdg"$ Akay|d h|dgub ka~b ylfaybuad f`gam akafaj ulnagab  nl~bc|{ ? 1$ Mlmyl~nabcb Mlmyl~nabcb yldamybf yldamybfad ad *klc`~a{bh" *klc`~a{bh" Mbuafdr Mbuafdraa ? ylfaybuad ylfaybuad lmau& lmau& yl~ac& c|dbdgad& c|dbdgad& kad kad {lmnaga$ >$ Mlfbdk Mlfbdk|dgb |dgb f`gam f`gam ka~b ka~b c`~` c`~`ub& ub& rab{|3 rab{|3 

Mlfbdk|dgb f`gam kaua~ kldgad f`gam radg flnbj m|fba& mbuafdra ? ylfaybuad  yfa{bda& lmau kad naoa$

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Mlfbdk|dg f`gam kaua~ kldgad f`gam radg c|~adg m|fba& mbuafdra ylfaybuad uldg yaka naoa

5$ Mldb Mldbdg dgca{ ca{cad cad cl{a cl{aja jadad dad y~`k|c y~`k|c {l~ja {l~jakay kay glul glulca cad d *an~a *an~aub ub"& "& mbua mbuafdr fdraa ylfay ylfaybu buad ad ej~`mb|m cl~au$ ;$ Mlmyl~nabcb Mlmyl~nabcb cljaf|uad cljaf|uad a{a| nld{|c nld{|c yl~m|caad yl~m|caad kad {`fl~adub {`fl~adub f`gam kaua~ kaua~&& mbuafdra mbuafdra ?  ylfaybuad dbclf& e~`mb|m$ $  Ad`ka ? lflc{~`ka y`ub{bh radg yakadra {l~oakb ylflyauad b`d dlga{bh kad mlmnld{|c  b`d y`ub{bh y`ub{bh *{l~oakb ~lacub `cubkaub"$

5$  Ca{`ka ? lflc{~`ka dlga{bh radg yakadra {l~oakb ylflyauad b`d y`ub{bh kad mlmnld{|c  b`d dlga{bh *{l~oakb ~lacub ~lk|cub"$ ;$  Lflc{~`fb{  ? za{ ― za{ radg m`f|clf ― m`f|clfdra kaya{ fa~|{ kafam ab~ kad {l~|~ab mldoakb za{ ― za{ *a{`m ― a{`m" radg nl~m|a{ad y`ub{bh a{a| dlga{bh$ $ Ad`ka$ Akafaj u|a{| {l~mbdaf y`ub{bh kafam fa~|{ad lflc{~`f`{ kad {l~nagb kafam k|a g`f`dgad& rab{| ? a$ Ad`ka radg radg fa~|{ fa~|{ *u`f|nfl *u`f|nfl ad`ka"& ad`ka"& e`d{`jdr e`d{`jdraa ad`ka dbclf kad ad`ka ad`ka zbde$ zbde$  n$  n$ Ad`ka Ad`ka radg radg {bkac {bkac fa~|{ fa~|{ *|du *|du`f `f|n |nfl fl ad`ka ad`ka"" e`d{ e`d{`j `jdr dra3 a3 ad`k ad`kaa Yn yaka yaka ylfa ylfayb ybua uad d c~`mb|m$ Ad`ka radg {bkac fa~|{ nl~h|dgub ulnagab yldgjad{a~ a~|u fbu{~bc uaoa& ulkadgcad ad`ka radg fa~|{ nl~h|dgub ulfabd yldgjad{a~ a~|u fbu{~bc o|ga ulnagab najad nac|  ylfaybu$

5$ Fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ Fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ kaya{ kbn|a{ ka~b auam& naua a{a| ga~am$ [bay oldbu ylfaybuad& fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{dra nl~nlka nlka {l~gad{|dg oldbu f`gam ylfaybudra ma|y|d ubha{―ubha{ lflc{~`fb{ radg kbbdgbdcad$ Ulnagab e`d{`j ylfaybuad {lmnaga& fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ radg kbg|dacad ka~b ga~am E|U@; kad ab~ J>@$ Fa~|{ad acad {l~|~ab ulyl~{b nl~bc|{ bdb ? E|U@;

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;$ Ca{`ka Yaka y~`ulu faybu fbu{~bc & ca{`ka kaya{ kba~{bcad ulnagab nldka cl~oa *ga~ayad" radg acad kbfaybu$ Maca ga~ayad nl~{bdkac ulnagab ca{`ka a{a| nl~ubha{ yldl~bma b`d$ \d{|c flnbj olfaudra ~adgcabad ubu{lm faybu fbu{~bc {l~uln|{ kba{au kaya{ kbfbja{ yaka gamna~ kbnawaj bdb

U|mnl~  a~|u

Ad`ka Ca{`ka Gamna~ 1$^adgcabad Y~`ulu Faybu fbu{~bc 

\d{|c mldolfaucad y~`ulu cl~oa ylfaybuad& kbmbuafcad ylfa{ naoa radg acad kbfaybu kldgad {lmnaga E| $ Fa~|{ad {lmnaga radg acad kbg|dacad akafaj E|U@; kad ab~ J>@$ Ad`ka kad ca{`ka *ga~ayad" kbmau|ccad kafam fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ {l~uln|{ kad kbafb~b a~|u fu{~bc ula~aj kbmada ad`ka kbj|n|dgcad cl c|{|n y`ub{bh kad ca{`ka cl c|{|n dlga{bh& maca acad {l~oakb yl~nlkaad y`{ldubaf ad{a~a ca{`ka kad ad`ka$ Ka~b   y~`ul y~`uluu {l~uln {l~uln|{ |{ f`gam f`gam {lmnaga {lmnaga acad {l~|~ab {l~|~ab clkafam clkafam fa~|{a fa~|{ad d lflc{~` lflc{~`fb{ fb{ radg radg o|ga o|ga mldgadk|dg b`d-b`d {lmnaga& clm|kbad mlfaf|b fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ b`d-b`d {lmnaga

acad {l~nawa kad mldgldkay yaka yl~m|caad ca{`ka *ga~ayad" kad nl~|naj mldoakb a{`m {lmnaga$ Aga~ flnbj olfaudra kaya{ kbfbja{ yaka gamna~ >$

Ylfa{ naoa

[lmnaga

Gamna~$ Gamna~$ >$ Y~`ulu faybu fbu{~bc 

Kldgad Kldgad klmbcba klmbcbad d kbubdb kbubdb {l~oak {l~oakbb ~lacub ~lacub ~lk|cub ~lk|cub b`d {lmnaga {lmnaga mldoak mldoakbb f`gam f`gam {lmnaga& mldoakb f`gam {lmnaga $ E|U@;

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Gamna~$5$ Gamna~$5$ ^lacub radg {l~oakb ulwac{| ylfaybuad

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N$ C@DKBUB @YL^AUB FAYBU FBU[^BC 

C`dkbub `yl~aub faybu fbu{~bc kafam `yl~aub ylfaybuad yl~f| kbyl~ja{bcad& ca~lda c`dkbub `yl~aub uadga{ mldld{|cad nl~jaubf a{a| {bkacdra y~`ulu ylfaybuad& ul~{a m|{|  ylfaybuad radg kbjaubfcad$ C`dkbub ― c`dkbub radg yl~f| kbyl~ja{bcad akafaj ? 1$ ^aya{ *e|~~ld{ kldub{r" ^aya{ a~|u aka k|a oldbu / maeam rab{| ~aya{ a~|u ca{`ka *ea{j`kl e|~~ld{ kldub{r" kad ~aya{ a~|u ad`ka *ad`ka e|~~ld{ kldub{r"$ Kafam y~`ulu faybu fbu{~bc& ~aya{ a~|u radg kbyl~jb{|dgcad bafaj ~aya{ a~|u ca{`ka& rab{| nadracdra a~|u fbu{~bc radg kbld{|cad |d{|c mldkaya{cad a{`m-a{`m f`gam yaka {bay ua{|ad na~adg *ga~ayad" radg acad kbfaybu$ Ua{|ad ~aya{ a~|u bdb kbdra{acad kafam Amy/km> a{a| Amy/bd> a{a| a {a| Amy/h{>$ >$ [lgadgad *x`f{agl" [lgadgad lgadgad a~|u kafam kafam y~`ulu y~`ulu faybu faybu fbu{~b fbu{~bc c kbdra{a kbdra{acad cad kafam kafam c`dkbu c`dkbubb radg radg c`du{ad rab{| {lgadgad {bkac acad {l~yldga~|jb `flj nlua~ clebfdra amyl~$ X B = -----^  Kbmada ?

B = nadracdra a~|u * amyl~ " X = {lgadgad * x`f{ " ^ = {ajadad

Uljbdgga |d{|c mlmxa~banlfcad amyl~& maca radg kbxa~banlfcad jadrafaj {ajadaddra uaoa& ulkadgcad x`f{dra {l{ay$

5$ U|j| Fa~|{ad U|j| fa~|{ad kaya{ mlmyldga~|jb m|{| faybuad& ulnagab e`d{`j yaka ylfaybad ej~`mb|m *E~" klc`~a{bh$ Nbfa u|j| fa~|{ad flnbj ~ldkaj ka~b ;< ¿E yaka ~aya{ a~|u >9 Amy/km>& maca acad kbkaya{ faybuad ej~`m radg u|~am$ \d{|c b{| ~aya{ a~|u yl~f| kba{|~ ulklmbcbad ~|ya & uljbdgga mldkaya{cad faybuad ulu|ab kldgad clbdgbdad$ ;$ yJ Fa~|{ad  yJ kbyacab |d{|c mldld{|cad kl~aoa{ clauamad u|a{| fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ kad kafam `yl~aub faybu fbu{~bc fbu{~bc yJ nl~a~{b o|ga y@J$ yJ Fa~|{ad kaya{ kba{|~ kldgad afa{ |c|~ yJ ml{l~ a{a| yJ e`f`|~bml{l$ [|o|ad mldld{|cad yJ bdb |d{|c mlfbja{ a{a| mlml~bcua clmamy|ad fa~|{ad kafam mldgjaubfcad faybuad radg flnbj nabc$

NAN BBB YL^AFA[ YL^AFA[AD FAYBU FBU[^BC KAD YLCL^OAAD YLDKAJ\F\AD *Y^L [^LA[MLD[" [^LA[MLD["

A$ YL^AFA[AD YL^AFA[AD FAYBUADFBU FAYBU ADFBU[^BC  [^BC  Yl~afa{ad |{ama rg kbyl~f|cad yaka faybu fbu{~bc ad{a~a fabd rab{|? 1$ ^le{bhbl~  ^le{bhbl~ ^le{bhbl~ ml~|yacad yl~afa{ad yl~afa{ad |{ama kafam y~`ulu ylfaybuad ylfaybuad ulea~a lfl{~`dbc  radg nl~h|dgub ulnagab u|mnl~ a~|u ula~aj *KE" kad yld|~|d {lgadgad$ Yaka uaa{ ulca~adg bdb ~le{bhbl~ u|kaj e|c|y lhbubld ca~lda amyl~ ml{l~ kad {ajadad xa~banlf  nl~nld{|c clua{|ad kafam ~le{bhbl~$ Aka k|a maeam ~le{bhbl~ radg nadrac kbg|dacad bdk|u{~b - bdk|u{~b faybu fbu{~bc$ rab{|? ~le{bahbl~ ulfldb|m kad ~le{bhbl~ ~ le{bhbl~ ufbc`d >$ N a c  Nac kbyl~f kbyl~f|cad |cad |d{|c |d{|c mldamy mldamy|dg |dg a{a| {lmya{ {lmya{ fa~|{a fa~|{ad d lfl lflc{~ c{~`fb `fb{& {& fa~|{a fa~|{ad d  ylde|eb kad ab~ ylmnbfau$ Najad nac {l~gad{|dg yaka fa~|{ad radg kb{amy|dgdra kad kb|{am kb|{amacad acad {ajad {ajad {l~jaka {l~jakay y acad acad {l~oakb {l~oakbdr draa yldgca~a yldgca~a{ad {ad ul~{a ul~{a {ajad {ajad yaka yaka u|j| u|j| {l~{ld{|$ Nbauadra najad nac {l~n|a{ ka~b naoa radg nagbad kafamdra kb faybub yfau{bc& ca~l{ ca~l{&& H^[ H^[ *gfau *gfauhb hbnl nl~~ ^lmh ^lmh`~e `~elk lk Y`fr Y`fru{ u{l~ l~ ~lubd ~lubd"" a{a| a{a| ulm|a ulm|a {l~n| {l~n|a{ a{ ka~b ka~b YX YXE E *Y`frxbdbf Ejf`~bkl ^lubd"$ 5$ ^ac a{a| Na~~lf ^ac a{a| na~~lf nl~h|dgub ulnagab {lmya{ na~adg radg acad kbfaybub *ca{`ka"$ Na~~lf nbauadra nbauadra kbg|dacad kbg|dacad |d{|c y~`k|c |c|~ad clebf& mbuafdra? na|{& m|~ kad fabdfabd$ Nld{|c kad |c|~ad na~~lf bdb {lfaj mlmy|drab u{adka~ {l~{ld{| ulu|ab kldgad cayaub{au na~adg radg acad kbfaybu$ Akay|d ~ac nbauadra kbg|dacad |d{|c y~`k|c-y~`k|c nl~|c|~ad nlua~ kad  nld{|cdra  nld{|cdra {l~gad{|dg {l~gad{|dg yaka na~adg radg acad kbfaybu$ kbfaybu$ Ulkadgcad najad |d{|c ~ac bdb kbg|dacad najad-najad ulyl~{b {lmnaga& naoa kad {b{adb|m$

N$ YLCL^OAAD YLDKAJ\F\AD *Y^L [^LA[MLD["

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? y~`u ~`ulu yld yldgl~oaa ~oaad d yld yldkaj|f j|f|ad

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? y~` y~`ul uluu yld yldgl gl~o ~oaa aad d fay faybu bu fbu{ fbu{~b ~bc  c 

- [ajay ajay BBB BBB

? y~` y~`ul uluu yldg yldgl~ l~ooaad aad acj acjbb~ 

Ka~b |~|{ad {l~uln|{ olfaufaj najwa ulnlf|m mlfac|cad y~`ulu ylfaybuad kad |d{|c mldkaya{cad jaubf faybuad radg nabc & maca f`gam kaua~ *nldka cl~oa radg acad kbfaybu" ja~|u nl~ubha{ nl~ubj kafam a~{b nlnau ka~b ca~a{& mbdrac& ea{ kad yldg`{`~ fabd uljbdgga yl~f| kbfac|cad ylcl~oaad yldkaj|f|ad / yl~ubayad rab{| ulnagab nl~bc|{? 1$ Ylmnl~ubj ulea~a mlcadbu Ylcl~oaad bdb nl~{|o|ad |d{|c mldgjaf|ucad yl~m|caad kad mlddgjbfadgcad g`~luad-g`~luad kad gl~am-gl~am radg maubj mlflca{ yaka nldka cl~oa$ Nbauadra |d{| |d{|c c mldg mldgjb jbfa fadgc dgcad ad g`~lu g`~luad ad-g` -g`~l ~lua uad d kad kad gl~am gl~am {l~u {l~uln ln|{ |{ kbfa kbfac|c c|cad ad kldga kldgad d  ylcl~oaad n|hhbdg radg y~bdubydra ulyl~{b mlubd gl~bdka& acad {l{ayb ~`ka y`fludra radg nl~nlka rab{| {l~n|a{ ka~b najad ca{|d& c|fb{& facld kad ulnagabdra$ Y~`ulu   yldgl~ yldgl~oaa oaad d bdb {l~gad{ {l~gad{|dg |dg yaka c`dkbub c`dkbub nldka nldka cl~oa cl~oa b{| uldkb~ uldkb~bb cakadg-c cakadg-cakad akadg g mlml~f|cad y~`ulu fabd mbuafdra ? n~|ujbdg kad ulnagabdra$ >$ Ylde|ebad kldgad afcafbd *Klg~laubdg" Ylcl~oa Ylcl~oaad ad bdb nl~{|o| nl~{|o|ad ad |d{|c |d{|c mlmnl~ mlmnl~ubj ubjcad cad nldka nldka cl~oa cl~oa ka~b flmac a{a a{a| | mbdrac mbdrac {l~uln|{ {l~uln|{ uadga{ mldggadgg| mldggadgg| yaka y~`ulu ylfaybuad& ylfaybuad& ca~lda mldg|~adgb mldg|~adgb kara jad{a~ fbu{~bc a{a| mldg|~adgb c`d{ac ad{a~a faybuad kldgad f`gam kaua~$   ylde|eb ylde|ebad ad kldgad kldgad afcafb afcafbd d kbg`f` kbg`f`dgca dgcad d cl kafam kafam k|a maeam maeam ea~a& ea~a& rab{| rab{| kldga kldgad d ea~a ea~a nbau nbauaa *afc *afcaf afbd bd klg~l klg~lau aubd bdg" g" kad kad kldga kldgad d ea ea~a ~a lflc{ lflc{~` ~` *lfle{ *lfle{~`f ~`fb{ b{be be klg~laubdg"$ Ylde| Ylde|eba ebad d ulea ulea~a ~a nbau nbauaa akafa akafaj j

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NAJAD - Ea|u{be U`ka *Da@J" - U`kb|m Ea~n`da{ *Da>E@5" - U`kb|m A~{j`ubfbea{ *Da;Ub@;" - U`kb|m Ml{aubfbea{ *Da;Ub@5" - U`kb|m yj`uyja{ *Da>Y@;" C@DKBUB - [lmyl~a{|~ ¹E

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\d{|c na~adg-na~adg naoa/nlub e`~ radg mldgadk|dg ubua-ubua yaub~ kaya{ kbg|dacad fa~|{ad eamy|~ad ka~b auam u|fha{ kad auam hf|`n`~be& ulnan fa~|{ad bdb kaya{ nl~h|dgub ulfabd |d{|c mldgjbfadgcad `cubka/ul~ybjad o|ga kaya{ mlmnl~ubjcad ubua-ubua yaub~ radg dlmylf  yaka nldka cl~oa& ulkadgcad c`my`ubub kad c`dkbub `yl~aubdra akafaj ulyl~{b yaka {lnlf 5 kbnawaj bdb $

[anlf 5 C`my`ubub kad C`dkbub @yl~aub Ylde|ebad kldgad J>U@; kad JH 

Najad Auam u|fha{ *J>U@;" Auam hf|`n`~be *JH" [lmyl~a{|~ Wac{| Yldelf|yad

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Clg|daad Clg|daad ka~b maubdg-maubdg maubdg-maubdg fa~|{ad fa~|{ad kba{au e|c|y f|au fa~|{ad fa~|{ad oldbu afcafb nadrac  nadrac  kbg|dac kbg|dacad ad yaka yaka ylfayb ylfaybuad uad naoa naoa *yak|ad *yak|addra dra"$ "$ Ulkadgca Ulkadgcad d oldbu oldbu auam kbg|da kbg|dacad cad |d{|c  |d{|c  mldkaya{cad faybuad rag {bybu kad |d{|c y~`k|c-y~`k|c n|cad naoa$ >$ Y~`u Y~`ulu lu Ylfa Ylfayb ybua uad d [lmn [lmnag agaa Y~`ulu Y~`ulu ylfayb ylfaybuad uad {lmnag {lmnagaa yaka y~bdub y~bdubydr ydraa uama uama ulyl~{ ulyl~{bb y~`ulu y~`ulu-y~` -y~`ulu ulu ylfayb ylfaybuad uad f`gam f`gam-f -f`ga `gam m fabd fabddr draa rab{ rab{| | mldgb mldgbc|{ c|{bb y~bdu y~bduby by radg radg {lfa {lfaj j kb|~a kb|~abc bcad ad kafa kafam m nan-n nan-nan an

ulnlf|mdra$ Akay|d fadgcaj-fadgcaj y~`ulu-y~`ulu ylfaybuad {l~uln|{ kbgamna~cad ulyl~{b  nagbad afb~ad y~`ulu nl~bc|{ bdb ?

Ylcl~oaad mlcadbu

Ylde|ebad flmac 

Nbfau

Ylde|ebad auam

YLCL^OAAD YLDKAJ\F\AD

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Gamna~ ; Nagbad Afb~ad Y~`ulu Ylfaybuad [lmnaga

\d{|c b{| ulwac{| yldlmya{ad ad`ka ja~|u kbyl~ja{bcad jaf-jaf ulnab nl~bc|{ ? 

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\uajacad oa~ac ad{a~a ad`ka kad ca{`ka >99 ― 599 mm Fadgcaj-fadgcaj nl~bc|{dra bafaj yldga{|~ad u|j| fa~|{ad ulu|ab radg kb{ld{|cad$

Ul{lfaj u|j| fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ mlmld|jb c`dkbub radg kbbdgbdcad& a{|~faj ~aya{ a~|u rab{| >&18 ― ;&5> A/km> radg nl~a~{b nawa ul{bay f|au yl~m|caad nldka cl~oa ulnaua~ 1 km> kbyl~f|cad a~|u >&18 ― ;&5> amyl~$ Famadra ylfaybuad {l~gad{|dg yaka cl{lnafad radg kbbdgbdcad nbauadra nl~cbua~  ad{a~a < ― 59 mldb{$ Na~adg radg {lfaj kbfaybu clm|kbad kbnbfau kad kbfado|{cad kldgad  y~`ulu nl~bc|{dra *kbcl~bdgcad a{a| kbfado|{cad kldgad ylfaybuad dbclf kad fabddra"$

5$ Ylcl~oaad Yldkaj|f|ad Ylcl~o Ylcl~oaad aad yldkaj| yldkaj|f|a f|ad d mlfby| mlfby|{b& {b& ylmnl~u ylmnl~ubja bjad d ule ulea~a a~a mlcadb mlcadbu&y u&ylde| lde|eba ebad d flmac& flmac&   ylmnl~ubjad ca~a{ kad ylmnbfauad$ [lmnaga kbg|dacad ulnagab afau |d{|c mlfaybub naoa {l~|{ama yaka faybu dbclf kad cj~`m$ Ulm|a faybu {lmnaga kb a{au naoa kbcl~oacad kldgad fa~|{ad ubadbk ca~lda fa~|{ad fabd eldkl~|dg mlmnld{|c ldkayad elf|y radg {bkac mlflca{ c|a{ nlnl~aya cau|u {lmnaga ubadbk kbg|dacad ulnagab faybu u{~bcl Clm|kbad kbbc|{b kldgad faybu {lmnaga auam a{a|  yr~`yj`uya{ radg clflnbjaddra kafam y~`ulu elya{ o|ga mldkarag|dacad y~`ulu n|hhbdg kad

mldgjbdka~b fbmnaj badbk nldka cl~oa radg acad kbfaybub uldg nbauadra kbfaybu {lmnaga flnbj kaj|f| kaj|f|

ca~lda ca~lda dbclf {bkac nbau kbldkayc kbldkaycad ad ulea~a fadgu|d fadgu|dg g $|d{|c $|d{|c najad ga~ayad ga~ayad ka~b

af|mbdb|m kad magdlub|m {lmnaga ubadbk kad yr~`yj`uya{ kbg|dacad ulnagab faybu u{~bcl  yaka jaubf {l~uln|{ {lmnaga kbfaybucad kba{au ldkayad uldg elf|y kad kbbc{b dbclf a{a| faybu f`gam fabd

N$ YLFA YLFAYB YBUA UAD D DBCLF DBCLF

Ylfaybuad dbclf uadga{ f|au kbg|dacad bdk|u{~b-bdk|u{~b ylfaybuad$\m|mdra ylfaybuad$\m|mdra faybuad dbclf ml~|yacad fybuad fado|{ad ka~b faybuad {lmnaga kad kb acjb~b kldgad faybuad ulyl~{b ej~`mb|m lmau kad fabdra$ Nlfacadgad bdb nadrac y~`k|c-y~`k|c jadra kbfaybub dbclf uaoa {adya kldgad faybuad ej~`mb|m$ Jaf bdb kbulu|abcad kldgad {|o|ad kad yldgg|daad y~`k|c kbmada h|dgubdra   nl~nlka$ Faybuad ulyl~{b bdb {lnafdra nbua kb{bdgca{cad uamyab >9 mbc~`d$ Faybuad dbclf kaya{ kbcfahbubcaubcad mld|~|{ fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ radg kbg|dacad$ Cfaubhbcaub faybuad dbclf {l~uln|{& ubha{-ubha{ ul~{a yldgg|daaddra kaya{ kbfbja{ yaka {anlf ; kbnawaj bdb$ [anlf ; Cfaubhbcaub kad Yldgg|daad Ylfaybuad Dbclf  FA^\[AD YLFAYBU

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NA[J" Fa~|{ad ylfaybu mldgcbfay Fa~|{ad wa{{‒u  Dbclf u|~am Fa~|{ad auam u|fha{ ejf`~bkl Fa~|{ad aff u|fha{ Fa~|{ad aff ejf`~bkl Fa~|{ad u{~bcbdg Fa~|{ad dbclf jb{am Fa~|{ad u|fhama{ Fa~|{ad hf|`n`~a{

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UBHA[ ― UBHA[ YLDGG\DAAD Ulyl~{b wa{{‒u na{j a{a| u|fhama{l na{j Ylfaybuad c`dxldub`daf *nbaua"& clelya{ad ylfaybuad {bdggb& na~~lf yfa{bdg& fa~|{ad u{adka~k |d{|c faybuad n~bgj{ Clelya{ad ylfaybuad ~ldkaj *9$< A/km>"& faybuad {bybu& na~~lf yfa{bdg N|{b~ faybuad flnbj nabc& faybuad flnbj |fl{ *k|e{bfl" kbnadkbdg faybuad wa{{‒u& m|kaj kafam yldgl~oaad n|hhbdg Ylfaybuad kldgad ad`ka {bkac fa~|{& ulnagab faybu yl~m|caad N|{b~ad faybuad nabc& faybuad flnbj jaf|u kbnadkbdg fa~|{ad wa{{‒u& clc|a{ad

{bdggb yl~yadoadgad ~ldkaj& {lgadgad {bdggb Ylfaybuad yaka u{abdfluu u{llf& yauubxa{bdg f`gam-f`gam fabddra Ylfaybuad klc`~a{bh   Clelya{ad ylfaybuad {bdggb \d{|c lfle{~`h`~mbdg Na~~lf yfa{bdg 

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Fa~|{ad u|fha{ {bdggb Fa~|{ad zbafb{ Fa~|{ad ga~am c`myflcu Fa~|{ad c`my`ub{

1$ Fa~|{ad Lflc{~`fb{

Ylfaybuad dbclf fadgu|dg yaka zbde aff`r 

Kbuln|{ o|ga ulaf dbeclf yfa{bdg & Kaua~ ka~b mbe~`y`~`|u ylfaybuad ej~`mb|m

Oldbu fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{& fazbmdra kbnl~b dama nl~kaua~cad |du|~ a{a| c`my`ubu cbmba ma|y|d ubha{ ka~b fa~|{ad fa~|{ad {l~uln|{$Nl~cab{ {l~uln|{$Nl~cab{ad ad kldgad b{| cfaubhbcaub cfaubhbcaub kba{au fa~|{ad lflf{~`fb{ ylfaybuad dbclf kaya{ kbdra{acad a{a| kbclf`my`cad ulnagab nl~bc|{ ? a$ Ylfa Ylfayb ybua uad d dbclf dbclf u|~a u|~am m a{a| a{a| k`y *K|ff dbclf yfa{bdg" 1"$K|ff dbclf yfa{bdg {lmyl~a{|~  cama~ ? DbU` ? 19 - 59¹E   yJ ? ^aya{ a~|u ? 9&< ― 9&: A/f Ca{`ka ? ad`ka ? > ? 1 >"$Fa~|{ad Wa{{‒u *Wa{{‒u na{j "   DbU@ ? >>9 ― 5:9 g~/f DbEf> ? 59 ― 89 g~/f J5N@5 ? 59 ― ;< g~/f C`dkbub `yl~aub [lmyl~a{|~ ? ;< - 8 - >&< - ulkadg ? 5&< - ; - {bdggb ? ;&: ― ^aya{ a~|u ? >&< ― 19 A/km> Ad`ka ? ca{`ka ? 1 ?1

5"$ Fa~|{ad aff u|fha{ * Aff u|fha{ na{j "   DbU@; ? 599 g~/f J5N@5 ? ;9 g~/f

C`dbkbub `yl~aub [lmyl~a{|~ ? &1 ― 11 A/km> ;$" Fa~|{ad u|fh|~be aebk ejf`~bk * U|fh|~be aebk ejf`~bk na{j "   DbU@; ? 12< g~/f   DbEf> ? 17; g~/f J5N@5 ? ;9 g~/f C`dkbub `yl~aub ^lmyl~a{|~ ? ;&< ― 11 A/km> ;9 g~/f J5N@5 ? 59 g~/f C`dkbub `yl~aub [lmyl~a{|~ ? ^aya{ a~|u ? >&< ― 11 A/km>   n$ n$ Fa~| Fa~|{{ad fayb faybuuad dbcl dbclff mldg mldgbbcfay cfay * N~bgj{ dbclf yfa{lbdg na{j" 1$" Fa~|{ad kldgad yJ ~ldkaj   DbU@; ? 559 g~/f   DbEf> ? ;< g~/f J5N@5 ? 59 g~/f N~bgj{ldl~ B ? > mf/f N~bgj{ldl~ M ? 1 ― > mf/f

Ka~b nl~maeam-maeam oldbu fa~|{ad kba{au radg ul~bdg kbg|dacad akafaj oldbu a{a|  y~`ulu$Wa{{‒una{j$ Ca~lda akadra yl~{bmnadgad kbnawaj najad-najaddra m|kaj kbkaya{& lc`d`mbu kad amad$

>$ Y~`ulu Ylfaybuad Dbclf Ulea~a Ulea ~a clulf|~ clulf|~|ja |jad d y~`ulu y~`ulu ylfayb ylfaybuad uad dbclf dbclf kaya{ kaya{ kbfbja kbfbja{{ yaka nagbad nagbad afb~ad afb~ad y~`ulu y~`ulu gamna gamna~~ < kbna kbnawa waj j bdb bdb $ Fadgc Fadgcajaj-fa fadg dgcaj caj y~`u y~`ulu lu {l~u {l~uln| ln|{{ mldea mldeac|y c|y {ajay {ajayadad-{j {jaya ayad d  yldgl~oaad yldkaj|f|ad a{a| ylfaybuad kad yldgl~oaad acjb~ $

Yldgl~oaad  yldkaj|f|ad

Nbfau

Ylfaybuad [lmnaga

Nbfau

Ylfaybuad Ej~`mb|m Kff

Ylfaybuad  Dbclf

Nbfau

Yldgl~bdgad Gamna~ < Nagbad afb~ad y~`ulu ylfaybuad dbclf 

Yldgl~o Yldgl~oaad aad yldkaj| yldkaj|f|a f|ad d mlfby|{ mlfby|{b? b? ylmnl~ ylmnl~ubj ubjad ad ule ulea~a a~a mlcadb mlcadbu& u& ylde|eb ylde|ebad ad flmac& flmac&  ylmnl~ubjad  ylmnl~ubjad ca~a{ kad ylmnbfauad ylmnbfauad Ylcl~oaad Ylcl~oaad bdb uama ulyl~{b ylcl~oaad ylcl~oaad yldkaj|f|ad yldkaj|f|ad yaka  y~`ulu ylfaybuad {lmnaga radg radg u|kaj kb|~abcad yaka nan ulnlf|mdra ulnlf|mdra $ Nbfamada f`gam kaua~ {l~uln|{ {l~n|a{ ka~b yak|ad {lmnaga ulyl~{b mbuafdra c|dbdgad&   yl~|dgg yl~|dgg|& |& kad fabddr fabddra& a& ylfaybu ylfaybuad ad dbclf dbclf ul{lfa ul{lfaj j ylcl~oa ylcl~oaad ad yldkaj| yldkaj|f|ad f|ad nbua nbua fadgu| fadgu|dg dg kbfac|cad$

a$ @yl~ @yl~au aubb ylfa ylfayb ybua uad d Ul{lfaj Ul{ lfaj f`gam kaua~ kaua~ kbfayb kbfaybuu {lmnaga {lmnaga a{a a{a| | f`gam f`gam kaua~ kaua~ radg radg mldgadk mldgadk|dg |dg |du|~  |du|~  {lmnaga {lfaj ubay |d{|c faybua dbclf maca fadgu|dg kbnbfau kldgad ab~$ \d{|c ylfaybuad ylfaybuad dbclf ulnagab kaua~ ylfaybuad ej~`mb|m klc`~a{bh& nbauadra k|g|dacad faybuaddbclf rg mldgcbfay * n~bgj{ dbclf yfa{bdg "$ C`mybubub fa~|{ad kad c`dkbub `y~aub n~bgj{ dbclf yfa{bdg akafaj ulnagab nl~bc|{  

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  nlua nlua~~ |d{|c |d{|c mldo mldoak akbb afca afcafb fbd$ d$ Nlgb Nlgb{| {| y|fa y|fa {l~ja {l~jaka kay y {lmy {lmyl~a l~a{| {|~~ kad kad ~aya{ ~aya{ a~|u a~|u yl~f| yl~f| kbyl~ja{bcad& ca~lda acad mlmyldga~|jb ubha{-ubha{ ka~b faybuad Yaka gamna~ 8& 7 kad : kbolfaucad yldga~|j yJ&{lmlyl~a{|~& kad ~aya{ a~|u {l~jakay ubha{-ubha{ faybuad ka~b ka ~b y~`ulu wa{{‒u wa{{‒u *Wa{{‒u *Wa{{‒u na{j "

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