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Fðs

 

  Jbrhtcr jn sârbh7  \rci Jr Irnf`bs`c Mbascf _hocuíns \\crtc crtc Gufbcr 

Xfbvhrsbjnjh Ihjhrna jc Zc`nftbfs (XIZ), Ornsba

@cdbtç Hjbtcrbna h @bhftäib`c7  \rcin Jrn @yftkbn Dnrn Dbrnfjn

Xfbvhrsbjnjh Xfbvhrsbjn jh Ihjhrna jc Zc`nftbfs (XIZ), Ornsba \rci Jr Gcàc Fufhs jn PPbavn bavn

Xfbvhrsbjnjhh Ihjhrna jc Zc`nftbfs (XIZ), Ornsba Xfbvhrsbjnj \rci Jr Aubs @nrac @nracss Dnrtbfs jh Nadhbj Nadhbjnn Dctn

Bfstbtutc \cabtâ`fb`c jh @cbdorn, \crtumna \rci Jr Fhascf _ussc jh Dcrnhs

XFHP\ - Xfbvhrsbjnjh Hstnjuna \nuabstn G÷abc jh Dhsqubtn Ibakc, Ornsba \rci Jr _cjrbmc Onrocsn h Pbavn vn

Xfbvhrsbjnjhh jc Zc`nftbfs (XFBZBFP), Ornsba Xfbvhrsbjnj \rci Jr _cmârbc @krbstcicahttb

Xfbvhrsbjnjh Xfbvhrsbjn jh Ihjhrna jh Pnftn @ntnrbfn (XIP@), Ornsba \rci Jrn Dnrbn Aubzn @n @nrjbfnah rjbfnah OOnptbstn nptbstn

Xfbvhrsbjnjh Xfbvhrsbjn jh jh @nxbns jc Pua7Xfbvhrsbjnjh Ihjhrna jc Ndnzcfns, Ornsba \rcin Jrn Zknbs jh Dhfjc Dhfjcfín fín Gc Gcrmh rmh

Xfbvhrsbjnjh Xfbvhrsbjn jh jh Ornsäabn (XfO), Ornsba \rcin Jrn Yhrúfb`n Jnftns Dhfhzhs

Xfbvhrsbjnjhh Ihjhrna jc Zc`nftbfs (XIZ), Ornsba Xfbvhrsbjnj \rci Jr Inmfc jn Pbaavn vn Pcnrhs

@ABC & DFHDÐPBFH @hftrc jh Hstujcs h \hsq. hd Kbstðrbn Crna h Dhdðrbn Bfstbtutc Ihjhrna jc Dnrnfkàc (BIDN) Jr Auäs Irnf` Irnf`bs`c bs`c Dufnrc

Xfbvhrsbjnjhh Ihjhrna jh _crnbdn (XI__) Xfbvhrsbjnj Jr Gcsâ Dnfuha \haîîhz hz

Xfbvhrsbjnjh Xfbvhrsbjn jh jc Dbfkc, \crtumna \rci Jr Mhrnajc jn PPbavn bavn Mc Mcdhs dhs

@hftrc jh Hstujcs h Nphrihbícndhftc Nphrihbícndhftc Iuf`bcfna jc Dbfbstârbc \÷oab`c jc Zc`nftbfs, @HPNI/D\ZC 

 

 

Fðs Zh`fc`cfshquçf`bns scorh c kudnfc 

Crmnfbznjcr7 \caaynfn Ihrrnrb

 

 

  Jbnmrndníàc7 Dnr`hac N. P. Navhs _hvbsàc7 @nrcabfh Yhaacsc @npn7 Hrb` Ybnfn 

C pnjràc crtcmrîib`c h c sbsthdn jh `btníøhs h rhihrçf`bns oboabcmrîib`ns sàc prhrrcmntbvns jh `njn nutcr. Jn dhsdn icrdn, c `cfth÷jc jh `njn `npätuac â jh bfthbrn h hx`ausbvn rhspcfsnobabjnjh jh shu rhsph`tbvc nutcr. 

Zcjcs cs abvrcs puoab`njcs phan Hjbtcrn Ib hstàc sco cs jbrhbtcs jn @rhntbvh @cddcfs :.< kttps7//`rhntbvh`cddcfs.crm/ab`hfshs/oy/:. C quh fcs inz kudnfcs â n `npn`bjnjh jh ndnr \caaynfn Ihrrnrb  Ihrrnrb  @npätuac > ................................................................................................................. 0?  N khmhdcfbn jc ineh7 c rhmbdh pcaätb`c jns vhrjnjhs bfvhftnjns  Naohrtc Irhbtns Ibakc  Ibakc  @npätuac ? ................................................................................................................. 8> C gcrfnabsdc hiçdhrc fn hrn jc Bfstnmrnd Ptcrbhs Dnthus @ndbac  @ndbac  @npätuac 0 ................................................................................................................. 98 Fhd c shxc hs`npn jc hiçdhrc h jn puoab`bjnjh shmdhftnjn  Nfshadc \hfkn   @npätuac : ................................................................................................................. ;> Zhdpcrnabjnjh naâd-than7 `ctbjbnfc fn `bjnjh vbrtunabznjn Orufc _cjbakn   @npätuac 8 ................................................................................................................ 29 @cfstruíàc jc `bjnjàc däjbn-ntbvc fn hrn jn jhsbficrdníàc  Gâssb`n Pnftcs  Pnftcs 

 

 

@npätuac 9 ................................................................................................................ >>?  N prhssn â bfbdbmn jn `cdprhhfsàc Aunfn Phfn   @npätuac = ............................................................................................................... >?0 Icríns `cdhr`bnbs thfsbcfnfjc c ndobhfth sc`bna jc Bfstnmrnd Dnrbnfn Knaanmh Zndnrn Jhdufhr  Jhdufhr 

@npätuac ;jh............................................................................................................... >:8 @cfsudc `cfth÷jc h c thdpc n`hahrnjc jcs mndhs Dbssban Acurhs @nrjczc  @nrjczc  @npätuac 2 ............................................................................................................... >9? @cfstrubfjc \cfths  Ynaârbn @h``kbfb  @h``kbfb  @npätuac >< .............................................................................................................. >;: @cdc dîqubfns `cdputn`bcfnbs h scitwnrhs pcjhd ngujnr cs dhbcs dhb cs jh `cdufb`níàc n snavnr vbjns @aîujbn Dnrbn Nrnfths jh Nssbs _cohrtn P`khboh  P`khboh  Pcorh cs nutcrhs .................................................................................................... ?20=). Â c quh fcs `cftn \caaynfn Ihrrnrb, n crmnfbznjcrn jn corn, gî fn bftrcjuíàc. Han fcs ahdorn quh, hftrh >2?< h >2?>, Wndbîtbf hs`rhvhu c rcdnf`h ‑Fðs— pnrn jhshfknr ud iuturc hftàc acfmäfquc. Fnquhah iuturc, knvhrbn ud Hstnjc ×fb`c hxhr`hfjc `cftrcah hstrbtc scorh n pcpuaníàc jc Macoc, njdbfbstrntbvndhfth abdbtnjn n jhz dbakøhs jh knobtnfths. N th`fcacmbn n shrvbíc jc pcjhr gcmnrbn c pnpha `hftrna. ‑Fàc kî hspníc pnrn c bfjbväjuc, nphfns pnrn c `cahtbvc, h ns phsscns quh hf`cftrnrnd n iðrduan jn ihab`bjnjh sàc `kndnjns pcr f÷dhrcs—, coshrvn \caaynfn Ihrrnrb. Xdn jns dnbs shfsävhbs h jhstn`njns phsqubsnjcrns ornsbahbrns jhjb`njns n phfsnr c hdnrnfknjc anobräftb`c jns rhaníøhs hftrh kudnfcs h dîqubfns, han, dnbs udn  vhz, jbz n quh vhbc.  N kcdhfnmhd n Bhvmuçfb Wndbîtbf â cpcrtufn h jhvbjn. @cd hihbtc, hsth quh â `cfsbjhrnjc c prh`urscr jns jbstcpbns quh dnr`nrnd n abthrnturn jc sâ`uac [[ ‐ thfjc hd ‑>2;:—, jh Mhcrmh Crwhaa, tnavhz c shu dnbcr hxpchfth ‐ hstî nä n fcs bfiauhf`bnr b fiauhf`bnr nbfjn kcgh. ^uhbrndcs cu fàc, hah hstî prhshfth. ^uhbrndcs cu fàc, ud jbn jhpcbs jh pcbs jc cutrc, hstndcs `cfjhfnjcs n fcs bfjnmnr scorh c aumnr jc kudnfc jbnfth jns fcvässbdns dcfstrucsbjnjhs jn bfthabmçf`bn nrtbib`bna, jc obm jntn, jntn, h jn prhjcdbfïf`bn jn th`fc`bçf`bn scorh ns jh`bsøhs pcaätb`ns. Knvhrî ud `ndpc hd quh nqubac quh fcs tcrfn kudnfcs pcssn rhspbrnr hd abohrjnjh3 ab ohrjnjh3 Knvhrî abohrjnjh3

 

>: | Fðs7 Zh`fc`cfshquçf`bns scorh c kudnfc

Bssc fcs `cfjuz n snbr pcr nä npnapnfjc `cd udn bfthrrcmníàc fn `nohín h fc `crníàc7 fc dhbc jns trnqubtnfns jh tcu`kpnj , c quh â c kudnfc, nibfna3 Fàc onstn inanr jn rnzàc, fàc onstn inanr jn rhabmbcsbjnjh, fàc onstn inanr jn knobabjnjh jh `cfvbvhr fn pðabs. H tndoâd fàc sh trntn nphfns jh `cfsbjhrnr c quh sh pnssn `cd c ndcr, hssn quhstàc quh tndoâd `cdpnrh`h n hstns pîmbfns. Znavhz jhvçsshdcs ahvnr hd `cftn quh c shxc dhsdc (cutrc nssuftc fcs nrtbmcs), nmcrn brrhvhrsbvhadhfth dhjbnjc pcr namcrbtdcs, n`nocu trnfspanftnjc pnrn fcvns kbphr`cfhxøhs jbmbtnbs jh prnzhr h mczc, `cd ihrrndhftnbs fàc-vbs`cscs jh sbaä`bc h obts, dns, nbfjn nssbd, shfsunbs. Â bftrbmnfth. C ndcr jbtc rcdïftb`c, ohd c snohdcs, â ud `knvàc, hah dhsdc prcjutc kbstðrb`c jh ud jnjc pnjràc th`fcaðmb`c jntnjc. Dns c quh jbzhr jc prnzhr ‐ cu jc vä`bc ‐ shxuna3 Cfjh n dîqubfn ngujn c `crpc3 Cfjh c jhshgc rhfjh shus prâstbdcs ì dh`ïfb`n3 \caaynfn nibrdn quh shu fcvc abvrc â ‑udn trnfsmrhssàc hd ous`n jc kudnfc—. Zrnfsmrbjndcs, pcbs, nc snocr cu `cftrn c snocr jns th`fcacmbns th`fcac mbns quh tnpnd n auz jc Pca h fcs cius`nd h fcs `hmnd `cd suns andpnjbfkns nrtbib`bnbs. \nrc, hstnf`c, hdpn`c fc tðpb`c jcs prnzhrhs jn `nrfh hd jhshf`cftrc jn `nrfh. Jn `nrfh quh sð `cftntn n cutrn `nrfh phacs scitwnrhs bfshdbfnjcs fns thbns sc`bnbs. Jhsjh quh c kudnfc â kudnfbjnjh, ud (cu udn) sð n`hssn c `crpc jc cutrc (jn cutrn) phan abfmunmhd ‐ n auorb`bjnjh h c hrctbsdc sàc cphrníøhs jc bdnmbfîrbc, nbfjn quh c mczc thfkn udn in`h fc `crpc rhna, fns fhrvc, fc jhsinah`bdhftc dntârbn.bdprhssn Nmcrn, ud sð iborbaníøhs tc`n cutrc jc `crpc ntrnvâs h pcr dhbc jcjnjämbtc obfîrbc (dhsdc qunfjc fàc kî `cdputnjcr fc ntc iäsb`c hd sb). C jämbtc obfîrbc dcrn jhftrc jn abfmunmhd, jh tcjn abfmunmhd. Jh tna dcjc quh fàc `ustn phrmuftnr7 `cd qunftcs jämbtcs sh inz ud crmnsdc3 H qunftcs crmnsdcs `cdpøhd c jhsbjhrntc `cdhr`bna jh ud namcrbtdc3 Fàc dh hsqubvc jh ahdornr quh hsth abvrc icb ibfnabznjc jurnfth n pnfjhdbn, qunfjc n `anssh dâjbn ornsbahbrn shmubn jbabmhfth cu jbspab`hfth ìs bfstruíøhs pnrn sh dnfthr hd `cfibfndhftc jcdâstb`c, hfqunftc cs dnbs pcorhs fàc tbfknd `nsn pnrn ib`nrhd jhftrc. Hs`rhvc hstn nprhshftníàc hd thdpcs jh pnfjhdbn. Pàc thdpcs jh numh jc kcdh ciib`h, ciib`h, hssh nfmab`bsdc

 

Humçfbc Ou``b | >8

ud tnftc jh dnu mcstc. Cs ndcrhs `anfjhstbfcs, hu phrmuftc, thràc hftrnjc hd thdpcs jh kcdh ciib`h hahs ciib`h hahs tndoâd3 Cu kcdh niinbr 3 Cu, nbfjn, `cfsbjhrnfjc quh c thrdc ‑hxtrn`cfgumna— vnb sh npab`nr nä, thràc hahs hftrnjc hd thdpcs jh hxtrn-kcdh-acvh hxtrn-kcdh-acvh,, `cd c phrjàc jc nousc vhrfn`uanr3 Pcdcs udn `bvbabzníàc quh nprhfjhu n inzhr ndcr phac bfthr`ursc jns thans hahtrúfb`ns, dhsdc qunfjc c ndcr sh inz, `cdc hu gî nvbshb acmc n`bdn, fns `br`ufstïf`bns jbtns ‑prhshf`bnbs— (`cd c phrjàc jc pnanvràc).  N dhjbníàc dnquäfb`n sh tcrfcu bfndcvävha, `cfstbtutbvn, jhibfbjcrn. H nä3 Cfjh hstî c kudnfc3 \caaynfn Ihrrnrb hxpab`n dnbs7 ‑C abvrc ‛Fðs‒ ous`n dnphnr n jbstcpbn  vbmhfth pnrn th ngujnr n n`knr fns `naínjns jns `bjnjhs, fn iban jc onf`c, fcs mcvhrfcs, hxhdpacs jh kudnfcs—. Hu nmrhmnrbn7 quhd n`knr, pcr in vcr, nvbsh. N dhfcs quh `cfsbjhrhdcs kudnfc c njvhftc jc bfudnfc n pnrtbr jc kudnfc ‐ quhr jbzhr, n dhfcs quh `cfsbjhrhdcs `cdc shfjc namc ‑kudnfc— jh shmufjn mhrníàc c dnqubfîrbc nutúfcdc h nutúdntc bfb`bnadhfth mhrnjc pcr kudnfcs jh prcghtcs dnqubfnbs ‐ hstndcs fc abdbnr jc pðs-kudnfc, jh intc. Cu  gî hstndcs dhrmuaknjcs fc pðskudnfc, h fàc kî dubtc c quh inzhr. Â prh`bsc shmubr. Hu tndoâd sbmc, cu prcssbmc, n dhu dcjc cu nc dcjc quh sh hstbpuacu shr dhu, h, pnrn dnbs prcsshmubr, dujc jh ïfmuac. Jhbxh-dh hxpab`nr. Ntâ nqub, fhstn nprhshftníàc abmhbrn, vhfkc nrrbs`nfjc pnapbths scorh c quh scdcs ‑fðs— ì auz jcs thdns jhsth abvrc, cu, nbfjn, vhfkc hsph`uanfjc n`hr`n jn hxbstçf`bn hihtbvn jh ud ‑fðs, kudnfcs—. Fàc â jbiä`ba phr`hohr, `cftujc, quh fhssh btbfhrîrbc hu `khmnrhb n ud durc bftrnfspcfävha. C hdonth hftrh c ‑fðs, kudnfcs— h n th`fcacmbn â bfthah`tunadhfth hstârba. _hfjh namudn `cbsn, dns fàc thd `cdc nvnfínr n `cfthftc. Â nä quh vhd dh sc`crrhr n nathrfntbvn jh nathrfnr n nfmuaníàc. Hd  vhz jh phfsnr scorh hssh ‑fðs— `cahtbvc, scorh hssn pprbdhbrn rbdhbrn phsscn jc paurna, `cfsbjhrc n pcssbobabjnjh jh hfvhrhjnr pcr cutrn trbakn pcssävha, gî `cftbjn fc tätuac. N pnanvrn ‑fðs—, hd pcrtumuçs, tndoâd sh prhstn n fcdhnr, naâd jn `cfkh`bjn h vnmn prbdhbrn phsscn jc paurna, cs ‑fðs— jn rhjh. Cu jns jns rhjhs,  rhjhs, fcs paurnbs. Fðs scdcs fðs ‐ h fàc scdcs dubtn `cbsn

 

>9 | Fðs7 Zh`fc`cfshquçf`bns scorh c kudnfc

naâd jh fðs. Hftrh cutrns rnzøhs, fðs scdcs fðs pcrquh, sh fàc icrdcs fðs (jn rhjh) fàc thrhdcs `cdc shr fðs (fn prbdhbrn phsscn jc paurna). H fàc nphfns pcr hs`cakn. Pcdcs fðs n `cftrnmcstc. Fðs scdcs tndoâd fðs bfvcauftîrbcs, cu shgn, cs shftbjcs pnssnd pcr fðs, cs jbs`urscs, ns bfthrníøhs, cs iauxcs, ns `crrhfths jh hfhrmbn h cs qunftn pnssnd pcr fðs shd quh pcssndcs fcs jnr `cftn h, ntrnvâs jh fðs h pcr fcssc bfthrdâjbc, `cdpahtnd shus phr`urscs h ih`knd shus prcpðsbtcs.  N jhsphbtc jh fðs. Nphsnr jh fðs. Fðs scdcs `kbps, scdcs hftrcf`ndhftcs jh pnssnmhd. Fðs scdcs ud `br`ubtc macona. Gî fàc scdcs hftàc ud ‑cutrc— jn dîqubfn ‐ scdcs n dîqubfn hfmcabjn phan dîqubfn quh ntrnvâs jh fðs icb bfvhftnjn. Cs nrtbmcs jhsth abvrc fcs jàc pnfc pnrn dnfmn, `cdc sh jbzbn fc thdpc jcs `urscs jh jntbacmrnibn. Cs nutcrhs, quh bfthmrnd c mrupc jh phsqubsn @cdufbjntn, nprhshftnd rhspcstns `rbntb vns h fcvns bfjnmníøhs quh pcjhd rhfjhr nbfjn dubtc dnbs.  N phsqubsn `cftbfun. N phsqubsn â udn autn, hdocrn shgn tndoâd c `ursc jns îmuns. Â prh`bsc shmubr n `crrhfth h fnjnr `cftrn n `crrhfth. Fn phsqubsn, pnsshndcs pcr jnjcs h pcr oboabcmrnibns. Fud `nsc cu fcutrc, c quh sh hsphrn jh ‑fðs— â quh pnadbakhdcs c `kàc `cd `hrtn dnaä`bn. Kî nrdnjbakns n`njçdb`ns fc `ndbfkc. Jcs jnjcs, cs fcvcs thdpcs inzhd udn hspâ`bh jh rhabmbàc7 rhab mbàc7 n `rhfín nutcdîtb`n fcs jnjcs fcs ahvn n phrjhr c `cftntc `cd n `rätb`n jns dntrbzhs mhrnjcrns jhsshs dhsdcsì jnjcs. Jhqunfjc cutrc anjc, oboabcmrnibns dnftrns, quh sàc rhtcdnjcs hxnustàc fnjnnsdnbs iacrhs`h fnmhrnd bdnmbfníàc. Ns oboabcmrnibns sàc `cdc pcftcs jh tcdnjn jh nhrcpcrtcs, cfjh cs pnssnfths hstn`bcfnd pnrn rh`nrrhmnr shus mnjmhts, `ugn ÷fb`n iufíàc â `cfh`tnr c pcrtnjcr n udn thbn hahtrúfb`n quh fàc sh jî n `cdprhhfjhr phac pcrtnjcr hd quhstàc. Jh ud ghbtc ghb tc cu jh cutrc, â prh`bsc pnadbaknr. Jcs jnjcs, juvbjc, dhsdc sh fhahs dh ibc. N oboabcmrnibn, oboabc mrnibn, hu n jhsibc. Jbtc bssc, ocd prcvhbtc. Knvhrbn dnbs pcr shr jbtc, dns nä hu thrbn dhfcs `knf`h jh quh vc`ç `khmnssh ntâ nqub, nc ibfna jc pcu`c quh hu tbvh n jbzhr scorh c dubtc quh rhprhshftn c trnonakc jc mrupc @cdufbjntn.

 

 

\rhiî`bc  N th`fcacmbn â ud värus  Nfjrâ Ahdcs

Zhdpcs jh `rbsh sàc ocfs pnrn rhvhanr ns thfsøhs hs`cfjbjns hd `cahtbvcs hstnobabznjcs. Hfqunftc hstî tujc ohd, hssns thfsøhs ib`nd ih`knjns hd suns `nbxbfkns, hf`npsuanjns fcs inzhfjc vhr ‑`njn `cbsn fc shu aumnr—. Dns onstn udn phquhfn phrturoníàc pnrn quh tujc snbn jn crjhd. @cbsns npnrhfthdhfth bscanjns hd shus jcdäfbcs (h`cfcdbn, jbrhbtc, `bçf`bn, `uaturn....) `cdhínd n nihtnr cutrns, rhvhanfjc n icrín jns suns nssc`bníøhs. Hstndcs pnssnfjc nmcrn, fhssh `cdhíc jh ?