Ebook Módulo 2 I Sistemas de Iluminação

 

 

8

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

LDACAÀBCAH LBLWJÁYACH L JLSYÃF IL LBLWJAH

 Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

Eucahbf Wfsatf

Wlsumf Lstl mhbuhe tlm pfr fg`ltavf sabtltazhr iavlrsfs hsplctfs ih aeumabhêãf bf  slbtaif il ihr umh vasãf jlrhe if tlmh, hprfdubihbif hprfdubihbif hs qulstüls qul iazlm rlsplatf iarltf h ldacaàbcah lblrjátach bfs sastlmhs il aeumabhêãf l hs dfrmhs il fgtlrmfs h mleofrah il ilslmplbof fplrhcafbhe hpeachbif bfvfs cfbclatfs l bfvhs tlcbfefjahs. 

7

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

Sumèraf 8.

Ildabaêüls l cfbclatfs jlrhas, cfm àbdhsl bh utaeazhêãf il aeumabhêãf bhturhe ........... .......... . <

8.8

Iuheaihil Iuheaihil fbih phrtícueh.......................... ....................................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ...................... ......... <

8.7

Euz l vasãf............. ........................... ........................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ................ ... 4

8.3

\baihils il mliaih l suhs jrhbilzhs ..................... .......... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... .......... 4

8.9

Ylmplrhturh Ylmplrhturh il cfr ......................... ...................................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ...................... .........4

8.<

Íbiacl il rlprfiuêãf il cfrls – AWC ......................... ....................................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ......................... ...........:

8.4

Ldacaàbcah lblrjátach / ldacècah ihs dfbtls il euz ...................... ........... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... .......... :

8.:

Aeumabhêãf bhturhe.......................... ....................................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ......................... ...........:

7.

Dfbtl il Euz.......................... ........................................ ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ......................... ...........1

7.8

Yapfs il eçmphihs / dfbtls dfbtls il eeuz uz ......................... ...................................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... ........................... .................. .... 1

7.7

Cfbclatfs Cfbclatfs il vaih il il dfbtls dfbtls il euz ......................... ...................................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ..............8>

3.

Cèecuef ih aeumabhêãf hrtadacahe abtlrbh ..................... .......... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ................... ........ 8>

9.

F qul á um ELI6........................... ........................................ .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... .......................... ............ 88

9.8

Yapfs il el eli i l suhs cehssadac cehssadachêüls hêüls.............. ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... ........................... .................. 87

.

Aeumabhêãf Ilcfrhtavh Lxtlrbh ^ðgeach l ^ravhih ..................... .......... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ................ ..... 7>

8>.8

Bfrmhs hpeacèvlas l quheaihil ifs lquaphmlbtfs (Clrtadachêãf) ..................... .......... ...................... ............... .... 78

3

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

88.

Mátfifs il hbèeasl ifs sastlmhs il aeumabhêãf ...................... ........... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .................. ....... 73

87.

^rf`ltf Lxlcutavf........................... ........................................ .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................ ..........79

83.

Abfvhêüls tlcbfeójachs (sastlmhs il cfbtrfel, iamlrazhêãf l tleljlstãf) ............... ........... .... 7<

87.8

Oastóracf .......................... ........................................ ........................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... ................. .... 7<

87.7

Glbldíca Glbldícafs fs ......................... ....................................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................ ........... 74

87.3 89.

^rlsthêã ^rlsthêãf f il Slrvaêf ^ðgeacf ......................... ....................................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ................... ...... 74 Mliaihs il ldacaàbcah lblrjátach lm aeumabhêãf............. aeumabhêãf.. ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... .............. .... 7:

Wldlràbcahs Wldlràb cahs ............. .......................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ............. 7? Gafjrhdah........................... ......................................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ................... ...... 7?

9

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

8.  Ildabaêüls l cfbclatfs jlrhas, cfm àbdhsl bh utaeazhêãf il aeumabhêãf bhturhe F qul á euz6 Jhmh il cfmpramlbtfs il fbih h qul f feof oumhbf á slbsívle. H euz vasívle –  Satuhih bh dhaxh il 3?>bm htá :?>bm, h euz vasívle htuh iarlthmlbtl bh vasãf il hcfrif cfm h curvh il slbsagaeaihil if feof oumhbf.

 Hjfrh plbsl l ildabh cfm suhs phehvrhs f qul á euz. 8.8 

Iuheaihil fbih phrtícueh

Bfrmhemlbtl á cfmum hssfcahr h euz h umh fbih leltrfmhjbátach, h umh rhiahêãf vasívle. Lbtrlthbtf lxastl um cfmpfrthmlbtf iuhe ih euz, qul lm iltlrmabhihs satuhêüls cfmfsatuhêüls phrtícueh. cfmpfrth-sl cfmf rhiahêãf l lm iltlrmabhihs Sl bãf ofuvlssl f cfmpfrthmlbtf il phrtícueh bãf slrah pfssívle lxpeachr f ldlatf dftfleátracf qul lxpeach f prabcípaf il dubcafbhmlbtf il iavlrsfs iaspfsatavfs. Fs ifas hsplctfs ih euz (fbih l phrtícueh) iãf h leh h prfpralihil il umh bhturlzh iuhe, fu sl`h, h iuheaihil fbih-phrtícueh. Lstl ldlatf á lxpeachif htrhvás ih dísach quçbtach. H euz tlm chrètlr iuhe0 fs dlbùmlbfs il rldelxãf, rldrhêãf, abtlrdlràbcah, iadrhêãf l pfehrazhêãf ih euz pfilm slr lxpeachifs pleh

<

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

tlfrah fbiuehtórah l fs il lmassãf l hgsfrêãf pfilm slr lxpeachifs pleh tlfrah cfrpuscuehr.

8.7 

Euz l vasãf

^hrh qul fcfrrh h vasãf, á blclssèraf qul h euz trhbsmath hf cárlgrf hs abdfrmhêüls rlclgaihs, cfm fs cfmpramlbtfs ilbtrf ih dhaxh vasívle if feof oumhbf. H vasãf á iarlthmlbtl ilplbilbtl ih euz l ifs cfbtrhstls. 8.3 

\baihils il mliaih l suhs jrhbilzhs

 

Deuxf eumabfsf0 Xuhbtaihil il euz lmataih pfr umh iltlrmabhih dfbtl lm tfihs iarlêüls. \baihil0 em (eðmlb)   Abtlbsaihil eumabfsh0 Xuhbtaihil il euz lmataih pfr umh dfbtl bumh iltlrmabhih iarlêãf.   \baihil0 ci (chbileh)   Aeumabçbcah0 Á h quhbtaihil il euz qul abcail sfgrl umh ubaihil il èrlh. \baihil0 ex (eux).

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8.9 

Eumabçbcah 0  Xuhbtaihil il euz rldeltaih pfr umh ubaihil il èrlh. \baihil0  ci/m7 (chbileh pfr mltrf quhirhif) Ilplbil0 Ih dfbtl; Ih suplrdícal; If fgslrvhifr.

Ylmplrhturh il cfr

Lxprlssh h hphràbcah il cfr ih euz lmataih pleh dfbtl il euz. \baihil 0  K (Klevab). Xuhbtf mhas heth h tlmplrhturh il cfr, mhas hzuehih á h suh tfbheaihil. Lstímuef l iabhmasmf

Cfbdfrtf l hcfbcoljf

4

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

8.>, l futrhs eçmphihs cfbsailrhihs lblrjltachmlbtl mhas ldacalbtls cfmf h vhpfr il sóiaf tlm um AWC 7>. F eli utaeazhif lm aeumabhêãf pðgeach ilvl hprlslbthr um AWC hcamh il :> l ELI phrh hpeachêüls abtlrbhs AWC hcamh il ?>. Futrhs mltfifefjahs il hvheahêãf il phrçmltrfs rlehcafbhifs h rlprfiuêãf il cfrls vlm slbif lstuifs phrh ―sugstatuar” lm

um duturf próxamf f cfbclatf il AWC.

AWC 4

8.4 

AWC ?

AWC 8

Ldacaàbcah lblrjátach lblrjátach / ldacècah ihs dfbtls il euz

Hs dfbtls il euz, il hcfrif cfm h tlcbfefjah utaeazhih sl iadlrlbcahm plef deuxf eumabfsf jlrhif glm cfmf pleh pftàbcah leátrach l slu rlsplctavf cfbsumf il lblrjah leátrach. H mhblarh utaeazhih phrh cehssadachr lssh ldacècah á f quhbtf il eumlbs (deuxf eumabfsf) sãf chphzls il prfiuzar pfr pftàbcah leátrach (Z). F em/Z á h mhblarh il cfmphrhr hs dfbtls l tlcbfefjahs quhbtf h suh ldacècah. Yãf ampfrthbtl quhbtf h ldacècah ih dfbtl il euz á h ldacècah l iastraguaêãf ih euz quhbif lsth dfbtl á absthehih lm umh eumabèrah. Efjf f cfrrltf lm prf`ltf á cfmphrhr h ldacècah if prfiutf dabhe, bf chsf h eumabèrah (abtlrbh fu pðgeach) l lscfeolr l mleofr iastraguaêãf il euz (dftfmltrah) phrh chih efche h slr aeumabhif.

8.: 

Aeumabhêãf bhturhe

Bãf cfbtrfeèvle, Ablsjftèvle, Dfbtl ðbach, aeumabh tuif il mhblarh ajuhe slm iadlrlbcahêãf. iadlrlbca hêãf. Sfmgrhs dfrtls quhbif lm sfe pelbf, husàbcah il sfmgrhs cfm f sfe lbcfglrtf Thrahêüls iurhbtl f plrífif iaurbf. (cfmplbshêãf cfm aeumabhêãf hrtadacahe) hrtadacahe) Cuaihifs cfm chrjh tármach lm hmgalbtls abtlrbfs l abiustrahas :

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

     e    l    g   f    t   m   u    P   0   l    t   b   f    D

Ampfrthbtl cfbolclr hs chrhctlrístachs ih euz bhturhe l slus vèrafs hsplctfs, thas cfmf hs vhrahêüls il abtlbsaihil l hphràbcah ih cfr ih euz bfs vèrafs ofrèrafss if iah. ofrèraf H euz bhturhe thmgám á tlmh lsplcídacf ih bfrmh il aeumabhêãf il abtlrafrls BGW ASF CAL ?1183, fbil ilsthch qul h euz bhturhe pfil dfrblclr phrtl fu tfih h aeumabhêãf phrh lxlcuêãf il thrldhs vasuhas. H euz bhturhe vhrah lm bívle l cfmpfsaêãf lsplctrhe cfm f tlmpf l, pfr lsth rhzãf, h aeumabhêãf il um hmgalbtl abtlrbf sfdrl vhrahêüls. H euz bhturhe pfil slr dfrblcaih pfr hglrturhs zlbathas, `hblehs l futrfs lelmlbtfs. Á blclssèraf lvathr f cfbtrhstl lxclssavf l ilscfbdfrtf tármacf chushifs pleh lxpfsaêãf iarlth ih euz if sfe lm èrlhs il trhgheof. H utaeazhêãf il hbtlphrfs phrh cfbtrfel ih euz bhturhe ushbif plrsahbhs fu grasls, h dam il qul h euz bhturhe bãf htab`h f usuèra l f pehbf il trhgheof jlrhbif ilscfbdfrtf l fduschmlbtf. Lm tfifs fs sljmlbtfs l hpeachêüls lm aeumabhêãf á dubihmlbthe bfs iahs il of`l h hilquhêãf ih aeumabhêãf blclssèrah il hcfrif cfm fs rlquasatfs bfrmhtavfs htrhvás ih cfmgabhêãf ih aeumabhêãf bhturhe l hrtadacahe. H iaspfbagaeaihil il tlcbfefjahs il cfbtrfel il aeumabhêãf htrhvás il slbsfrls il eumabfsaihil, bfs ðetamfs hbf tlm jhbohif mlrchif l iavlrshs clrtadachêüls elvhm lm cfbth lstls phrçmltrfs phrh qul sl`hm hifthihs hs mleofrhs prètachs il prf`ltf. F sastlmh il iamlrazhêãf hutfmètacf fu mhbuhe pfil slr utaeazhif phrh jhrhbtar umh abtljrhêãf cfrrlth lbtrl h aeumabhêãf hrtadacahe l h euz bhturhe. H dam il rliuzar f fduschmlbtf chushif plehs `hblehs, umh prftlêãf ilvl slr utaeazhih.

?

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

7.  Dfbtl il Euz Hs eçmphihs fu dfbtls il euz, prfiuzlm f qul cfbolclmfs pfr deuxf eumabfsf l bfrmhemlbtl sãf cehssadachihs pfr suh tlcbfefjah phrh prfiuêãf ilsth euz slbif hs mhas cfmubs0 abchbilscàbcah, ilschrjh, abiuêãf, leltrfeumablscàbcah (ELI), ilbtrl futrfs. Hs mhas mfilrbhs tlcbfefjahs sãf fs prabcaphas cfmpfblbtls phrh rliuêãf if cfbsumf il lblrjah leátrach bfs sastlmhs il aeumabhêãf. Hs eumabèrahs, pfr suh vlz, ilvlm prfmfvlr umh hilquhih iastraguaêãf if deuxf eumabfsf prfiuzaif plehs dfbtls il euz, cfm f slu mèxamf hprfvlathmlbtf. @è fs rlhtfrls/iaspfsatavfs il cfbtrfel/(iravlrs), sãf lquaphmlbtfs lquaphmlb tfs huxaeahrls utaeazhifs lm cfb`ubtf cfm hs eçmphihs il ilschrjh fu ELIs, l suhs chrhctlrístachs tàm sajbadachtavh abdeuàbcah bf rlbiamlbtf if cfb`ubtf il aeumabhêãf. Htuhemlbtl hs tlcbfefjahs il aeumabhêãf cfm usf il eçmphihs il ilschrjh h heth prlssãf vlm slbif jrhihtavhmlbtl sugstatuíihs pfr eumabèrahs ELI. Hssam cfmf lm hpeachêüls rlsailbcahas l abtlrbhs hs eçmphihs abchbilsclbtls abchbilsclb tls oheójlbhs, deufrlsclbtls tuguehrls l cf cfmphcths mphcths vlm thmgám slbif sugstatuíihs pfr lquaphmlbtfs lquaphmlbtfs cfm dfbtl il euz ELI. 7.8  Yapfs il eçmphihs / dfbtls il euz    

Abchbilsclbtl0 ilscfbtabuhih Abchbilsclbtl0 ilscfbtabuhih – ghaxh ldacècah l ghaxh vaih máiah; Deufrlsclbtl cfmphcth0 utaeazhih hmpehmlbtl bfs hbfs 7>>> phrh sugstatuar h eçmphih abchbilsclbtl, vlm slbif sugstatuíih pleh ELI Guegf;   Deufrlsclbtl tuguehr0 \taeazhih hmpehmlbtl lm hmgalbtls abtlrbf cfm lscratórafs, suplrmlrchifs, l futrfs, l vlm slbif sugstatuíih pfr

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eçmphih ELI tuguehrls; Eçmphih ELI tuguehr0 Bfs ðetamfs ? hbfs tlvl slu usf pfpuehrazhif, dfa bfrmhtazhih l of`l á h prabcaphe hetlrbhtavh phrh fgtlr mhafr ldacaàbcah lm sastlmhs il aeumabhêãf abtlrbfs; Thpfr il mlrcðraf0 tlcbfefjah il ilschrjh il ghaxh ldacaàbcah. \taeazhih lm A^. Lm ilsusf; Thpfr il sóiaf h heth prlssãf0 tlcbfefjah il ilschrjh il heth ldacaàbcah, mhs ghaxf AWC (7>). Tlm slbif sugstatuíih plef ELI; Thpfr mltèeacf0 tlcbfefjah il ilschrjh il gfh ldacaàbcah, gfm AWC (hcamh il 4>), mhs thmgám vlm slbif sugstatuíih plef ELI.

1

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

Deufrlsclbtl tuguehr

Thpfr il sóiaf h heth prlssãf

Thpfr mltèeacf

7.7  Cfbclatfs il vaih il dfbtls il euz

 Taih máiah  Máiah hratmátach if tlmpf il iurhêãf il chih eçmphih. Slm elvhr lm cfbth ilprlcahêãf.  Taih mliahbh  Bðmlrf il ofrhs rlsuethbtls, lm qul % ihs eçmphihs lbshahihs habih plrmhblclm hclshs. Fu sl`h, quhbif h mlthil mhas umh ihs eçmphihs lbshahihs qulamhr fgtám-sl h vaih mliahbh.  Taih ðtae Bðmlrf il ofrhs ilcfrraihs quhbif sl htabjl :>% ih quhbtaihil il euz abacahe ilvaif h ilprlcahêãf if deuxf eumabfsf il chih eçmphih, sfmhif hf ldlatf ihs qulamhs fcfrraihs bf plrífif, fu sl`h, 3>% il rliuêãf bh quhbtaihil il euz abacahe

3.  Cèecuef ih aeumabhêãf hrtadacahe abtlrbh Hbtls il abacahr um prf`ltf eumabftácbacf il èrlhs abtlrbhs á ampfrthbtl cfbolclr, lstuihr l hvheahr fs bívlas il aeumabhêãf il hcfrif cfm h BGW ASF CAL ?1183 - Aeumabhêãf il hmgalbtls il trhgheof ^hrtl 80 Abtlrafr. Fs rlquasatfs il aeumabhêãf rlcfmlbihifs phrh iavlrsfs hmgalbtls l htavaihils lstãf lsthglelcaifs bhs thglehs ilsths ilsth s bfrmhs cfbsailrhbif0          

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Easth il hmgalbtls (èrlhs), thrldhs fu htavaihils; Aeumabçbcah mhbtaih (Lm, eux); Íbiacl eamatl il fduschmlbtf ubada chif (\JWE); Íbiacl il rlprfiuêãf il cfr míbamf (Wh); Fgslrvhêüls. 8>

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

Á rlcfmlbihif qul f cèecuef eumabftácbacf eumabftácbacf sl`h rlheazhif utaeazhbif utaeazhbif sfdtwhrl lsplcídacf il aeumabhêãf (lx. Iaheux, Wleux, HJA37, ltc) h dam il jhrhbtar h prlcasãf l cfbdahgaeaihil if cèecuef. Fs phrçmltrfs thas cfmf h mheoh il mliaêãf qul ilvl slr cfbdajurhih bf sfdtwhrl lstãf ilscratf bh bfrmh, cfmf lstl lxlmpef ih mheoh qul sl lbcfbtrh bf Hblxf G ih BGW ASF CAL ?1183. Hghaxf lxlmpef ifs rlquasatfs lsthglelcaifs pleh bfrmh grhsaelarh phrh aeumabhêãf aeumabhê ãf il hmgalbtls abtlrbfs.

Yhgleh – Wlquasatfs il aeumabhêãf phrh èrlhs abtlrbhs

9.  F qul á um ELI6    

Iafif Lmassfr il Euz (Eajot Lmattabj Iafils fu ELI); Iaspfsatavf slmacfbiutfr(iafif) qul lmatl euz hf phsshr umh cfrrlbtl leátrach pfr lel;

   

Ylcbfefjah il aeumabhêãf lm lsthif sóeaif ―SSE” (Sfeai Sthtl Eajot sfurcl) ;

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\mh tlcbfefjah iasruptavh ilvaif hf ilsajb rfgustf; ^ramlarf ELI vasívle crahif bfs hbfs 4>. 

88

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

s uhs cehssadachêüls  9.8  Yapfs il eli l suhs

Oajo ^fwlr0 ^film dubcafbhr cfm cfrrlbtls htá 8,mH 8,7Z. Blclssathm mfbthjlm SMI. \taeazhifs lm eumabèrahs pðgeachs, Oajo Ghy , prf`ltfrls, prf`ltfrls, ilcfrhtavhs lxtlrbhs l aabtlrbhs. btlrbhs. Efw ^fwlr0 ^film dubcafbhr cfm cfrrlbtls htá 83>mH - >,9Z. Blclssathm mfbthjlm SMI. \taeazhifs lm eumabèrahs il aeumabhêãf il abtlrafrls l eçmphihs ELI. CFG0 Coap Fb Gfhri. Bãf Blclssathm mfbthjlm SMI. \taeazhifs lm prf`ltfrls il @hriam. 

87 –  Aeumabhêãf ^ðgeach –  ^rfcliamlbtf ^rfcliamlbtf.. Fs phrçmltrfs il quheaihil phrh vahs il trèdljf mftfrazhif hifthifs pleh BGW 8 sãf bívlas l dhtfrls il ubadfrmaihil il aeumabçbcahs l eumabçbcahs, phrh fs quhas sãf lsthglelcaifs vhefrls máiafs míbamfs, il hcfrif cfm h cehssadachêãf ih vah pðgeach, sljubif slu tapf, cehssadachêãf l vfeumls il trèdljf il vlícuefs l plilstrls.

Tasth hárlh bfturbh il caihil 87

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

– Ycc 7>>>K – euz hmhrleh) plef sastlmh cfm eumabèrahs cfm tlcbfefjah ELI (AWC2:> –  Ycc lbtrl 3>>>K l >>K l euz grhbch il heth quheaihil).

7> lstl`h lm tfrbf il 8? maeoüls il ubaihils.

83

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

4.  F prfclssf if usf dabhe il lblrjah Lbtrhih il lblrjah Lbvfevl h slelêãf ih dfrmh il lblrjah qul rlheazhrh f prfclssf (oairfleátrach, sfehr, lóeach ltc.). H aeumabhêãf pðgeach bfrmhemlbtl lstè eajhih bh rlil il iastraguaêãf leátrach, mhs lxastlm sastlmhs qul utaeazhm pehchs sfehrls l ghtlrahs phrh um pfstl ―hutùbfmf” quhbif bãf oè iaspfbagaeaihil il rlil

bhs amliahêüls.

Ylcbfefjah il usf dabhe Sãf fs lquaphmlbtfs qul dhrãf h cfbvlrsãf ih lblrjah il lbtrhih bumh futrh dfrmh il lblrjah qul htlbih hfs rlquasatfs if Slrvaêf Lblrjátacf (leltracaihil lm euz).

Lblrjah ðtae L h lblrjah iaspfbívle, `è ilscfbthihs hs plrihs fcfrraihs bf prfclssf il trhbsdfrmhêãf trhbsdfrmh êãf l bh dfrmh hilquhih phrh htlbilr hf Slrvaêf Lblrjátacf.

Ylcbfefjah il slrvaêf Cfmprllbil f sastlmh mhbapuehifr ih Lblrjah Ðtae, cfmf pfr lxlmpef, umh eumabèrah qul iarlcafbhrh iarlcafbhrh f deuxf eumabfsf il umh dfbtl il euz.

Slrvaêf lblrjátacf Á f fg`ltavf h slr hechbêhif plef prfclssf, cfmf pfr lxlmpef, h aeumabhêãf il um hmgalbtl

:.  F qul prlcash slr fgslrvhif H leltracaihil á h dfrmh il lblrjah utaeazhih phrh prfiuêãf il euz, lbtrlthbtf, quhequlr qul sl`h h dfrmh il lblrjah utaeazhih, h quheaihil ih dfbtl il

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Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

lblrjah ilvl slr hvheahih. ^filmfs cfbsailrhr quhtrf tapfs il plrturghêüls ih rlil leátrach0   ^lrturghêüls bh hmpeatuil ih tlbsãf   ^lrturghêüls bh drlquàbcah if sabhe   Ilslquaeígr Ilslquaeígrafs afs il tlbsãf fu cfrrlbtl lm sastlmhs tradèsacfs   ^lrturghêüls bh dfrmh il fbih if sabhe (ohrmùbachs, surtfs il tlbsãf • • • •

l trhbsalbtls). H quheaihil il lblrjah á lxtrlmhmlbtl ampfrthbtl phrh jhrhbtah ih vaih ðtae ifs lquaphmlbtfs il aeumabhêãf l jhrhbtah ih aeumabhêãf prf`lthih. Ilvl thmgám slr fgslrvhif f dhtfr il pftàbcah l YOI (iastfrêãf ohrmùbach) ifs lquaphmlbtfs l il qul dfrmh abtlrdlrarãf bh quheaihil ih lblrjah ih rlil h quhe lstãf cfblcthifs.

:.8  Ylcbfefjah il usf dabhe Wldlrl-sl h tlcbfefjah utaeazhih phrh trhbsdfrmhêãf il umh dfrmh il lblrjah (lblrjah ih dfbtl) lm lblrjah bh suh dfrmh dabhe (lblrjah ðtae). Bfs sastlmhs il aeumabhêãf, pfilmfs cohmhr il tlcbfefjah il cfbvlrsãf il lblrjah, ilsil qul fgslrvhifs fs sljuabtls hsplctfs0   Cfbtrfel il iastraguaêãf ih euz (dftfmltrah);   Wlprfiuêãf il cfrls (AWC);   Hphràbcah il cfr/tlmplrhturh il cfr (YCC);   Lsthgaeaihi Lsthgaeaihil l l tlmpf il hclbiamlbtf l il rleajhmlbtf;   Ylmplrhturh hmgalbtl l umaihil;   Lmassãf il chefr;   Ldacaàbcah;   Taih ðtae l ilprlcahêãf eumabfsh;   Custf (sastlmh, lblrjah l mhbutlbêãf);   Lquaphmlbtf Lquaphmlbtfss il lcfbfmah il lblrjah;   Cfbtrfel if deuxf;   Ilschrtl. ■

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:.7  Ylcbfefjah il slrvaêf Bh aeumabhêãf pðgeach, gusch-sl f mleofr hprfvlathmlbtf ilcfrrlbtl if usf ilstl lquaphmlbtf. Sl`h lm tlrmfs il ldacècah, vaih ðtae, lsthgaeaihil l mlbfr thxh il dheohs if sastlmh, lbtrl futrfs.

:.3  Slrvaêf lblrjátacf

8<

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

Abildabaêüls üls l abclrtlzhs sfgrl f slrvaêf lblrjátacf, l blrjátacf, sfgrl f mátfif il prf`ltf Abildabaê l hs abclrtlzhs sfgrl fs ihifs dftfmátracfs ih eumabèrah pfilm cfbiuzar hf suplriamlbsafbhmlbtf fu hf sugiamlbsafbhmlbtf. F dhtfr il ilprlcahêãf ilvl slr cuaihifshmlbtl hbheashif l ildabaif phrh slr cfbsailrhif bf prf`ltf eumabftácbacf.

?.  Iamlbsafbhbif Iamlbsafbhb if f sastlmh il aeumabhêãf pðgeach ^hrh f iamlbsafbhmlbtf cfrrltf if sastlmh il A^ um ifs pramlarfs pfbtfs h slr cfbsailrhif á h cfrrlth cehssadachêãf ihs vahs ih caihil. Hghaxf h thgleh cfm h cehssl il aeumabhêãf il hcfrif cfm h ilscraêãf ih vah. Cfm h vah cehssadachih ilvlmfs hvheahr lbtãf quhas fs bívlas il aeumabçbcah l eumabçbcah máiah l ushs rlsplctavhs ubadfrmaihils. Hghaxf cfmf lxlmpef h thgleh cfm vhefrls il aeumabçbcah máiah míbamh.

Yhgleh 8 Bívlas il aeumabçbcah rlcfmlbihifs rlcfmlbihifs phrh vahs pðgeachs

CEHSSL IL AE\MABHÊÃF

AE\MABÇBCAH MÁIAH MÍBAMH

DHYFW IL \BADFWMAIHIL MÍBAMF

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Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

Cehssls il aeumabhêãf phrh chih tapf il vah

Ilscraêãf ih vah

Cehssl il Aeumabhê ãf

Tahs il trçbsatf rèpaif; Tahs il heth h eth vlefcaihil il trèdljf, cfm slphrhêãf il pasths, slm s lm cruzhmlbtfss lm bívle l cfm cfbtrfel il hclssf; Tahs il trçbsatf rèpai cruzhmlbtf rèpaif f lm jlrhe; Hutflstrhihs. Tfeuml il trèdljf abtlbsf

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Tfeuml il trèdljf máiaf

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Tahs hrtlrahas; Tahs il heth vlefcaihil il trèdljf cfm slphrhêãf il pasths; Tahs il mãf iupeh, cfm cruzhmlbtfs l trhvlssahs il plilstrls lvlbtuhas lm pfbtfs glm ildabaifs; Tahs rurhas il mãf iupeh cfm slphrhêãf pfr chbtlarf fu fgstècuef. Tfeuml il trèdljf abtlbsf

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Tfeuml il trèdljf máiaf

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Tahs cfeltfrhs; Tahs il trèdljf ampfrthbtl; Tahs rhiahas l urghbhs il abtlreajhêãf lbtrl gharrfs, cfm trèdljf il plilstrls lelvhif Tfeuml il trèdljf abtlbsf

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Tfeuml il trèdljf máiaf

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Tfeuml il trèdljf elvl

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Tahs efchas; Tahs il cfblxãf mlbfs ampfrthbtl; Tahs il hclssf rlsailbcahe Tfeuml il trèdljf máiaf

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Tfeuml il trèdljf elvl

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?.8  F qul ilvlmfs cfbsailrhr bfs prf`ltfs  Wlheazhr um prf`ltf il aeumabhêãf pðgeach ldacalbtl rlqulr f htlbiamlbtf ifs cratárafs míbamfs, sl`hm lels quhbtathtavfs fu quheathtavfs, phrh htlbilr îs blclssaihils vasuhas il tfifs usuèrafs, utaeazhbif ih mleofr dfrmh hs mleofrls tlcbfefjahs iaspfbívlas.

?.7  Cfmpfblb Cfmpfblbtls tls if sastlmh il aeumabhêãf pðgeach H utaeazhêãf il cfmpfblbtls ldacalbtls pfil rliuzar fs jhstfs if Mubacípaf cfm f cfbsumf il lblrjah leátrach l cfm rliuêãf ifs custfs il mhbutlbêãf lm aeumabhêãf pðgeach. H ldacaàbcah lblrjátach il um sastlmh il aeumabhêãf

8:

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

pðgeach ilplbil il tfifs fs slus cfmpfblbtls, prabcaphemlbtl, eçmphihs, rlhtfrls/iravlrs rlhtfrls/ir avlrs l eumabèrahs pðgeachs.

Fs cfmpfblbtls ifs sastlmhs il A^ sãf0            

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Eumabèrahs (cfbvlbcafbhas (cfbvlbcafbhas l ELI) Dfbtls il euz (eçmphihs l móiuefs ELI) Wlhtfrls / iravlrs Wleá dftfcfbtrfehifr dftfcfbtrfehifr Grhêf il sustlbthêãf Ilmhas hclssórafs

?.3  Eumabèrahs Hs eumabèrahs pðgeachs sãf lquaphmlbtfs qul tàm h dubêãf prabcaphe il cfbtrfehr l iastraguar h euz prfiuzaih plehs eçmphihs blehs absthehihs/móiuefs il ELI, prfpfrcafbhbif vlbtaehêãf/trfch il chefr hilquhih l mhbtlbif h tlmplrhturh il fplrhêãf l ilmhas chrhctlrístachs ifs cfmpfblbtls abtlrbfs bfs eamatls lsthglelcaifs.

?.9  Ylcbfefjah ELI bh aeumabhêãf vaèrah

Eumabèrahs hbtajhs l abldacalbtls

Eumabèrahs ELI l ilmhas dfbtls ?. em/Z;   vaih ðtae suplrafr h .>>> ofrhs;   lmprljf fgrajhtóraf il lquaphmlbtf huxaeahr (iravlr);   hclbiamlbtf (l rlhclbiamlbtf) rlhclbiamlbtf) absthbtçblf;   ^fssagaeai ^fssagaeaihil hil il iamlrazhêãf il dfrmh sampels;   tlbsãf0 77> h 79> T; (hejubs mfilefs hprlslbthm hprlslbthm il 1> h 3> h 3>> Z;   tlmplrhturh il cfr0 il 8.?>> h >> K;   AWC ajuhe fu suplrafr h :>; ■

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Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

 

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Jrhu il prftlêãf0 A^ ajuhe fu suplrafr h A^44 (phrh f cfb`ubtf cfmpeltf); cfrpf lm heumíbaf ab`lthif h heth prlssãf; dhtfr il pftàbcah ajuhe fu suplrafr h >,17; iastfrêãf ohrmùbach ohrmùbach tfthe (YOI) il cfrrlbtl abdlrafr h 8>%; Ghaxf custf il mhbutlbêãf l ghaxh mhbutlbêãf.

1.   H aeumabhêãf aeumabhêãf pðgeach hpeachih hpeachih ilbtrf if cfbclatf il Smhrt Catals Muatf sl dheh lm aeumabhêãf pðgeach l caihils abtleajlbtls, mhs á prlcasf hvheahr cuaihifshmlbtl h abdrhlstruturh iaspfbívle glm cfmf, jrhihtavhmlbtl utaeazhr l hpeachr lstls cfbclatfs bhs caihils il dfrmh h hprfvlathr hf mèxamf h rlil efche l hs chrhctlrístachs if sastlmh absthehif qul ilvl slr sugstatuíif l ftamazhif. H tlcbfefjah ilvl slr sampels l h absthehêãf ifs sastlmhs il tleljlstãf ilvl slr dlath il dfrmh dècae l hutfmètach slbif f hutf cfmassafbhmlbtf if sastlmh f ailhe. F sastlmh il tleljlstãf il A^ ilvl slr h pfrth il abtljrhêãf ih jlstãf ih A^ cfm ilmhas sastlmhs phrh caihils abtleajlbtls.

Dajurh | Abtljrhêãf l abtlrfplrhgaeaihil sãf hs cohvls phrh A^ bf cfbclatf Smhrt Catals 

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Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

1.8  Yleljlstãf l caihils abtleajlbtls Hs bfrmhs l pugeachêüls abtlrbhcafbhas `è rldlrlbcahm lstl tapf il sastlmh l prlvllm h iamlrazhêãf ilsil qul htlbih tfifs fs rlquasatfs bfrmhtavfs l sl`hm cfbolcaifs fs phrçmltrfs il carcuehêãf il vlícuefs l plilstrls bhqulel mfmlbtf lm qul f sastlmh slrè h`usthif h bívlas mlbfrls il aeumabhêãf. Cfmf mfbatfrhr lstls phrçmltrfs lm tlmpf rlhe á f qul ilvl slr dlatf plef sastlmh il tleljlstãf. Cfm usf il cçmlrhs l slbsfrls pfilrah slr dlatf lstl mfbatfrhmlbtf l h aeumabhêãf abtleajlbtl il hcfrif cfm h blclssaihil il usf il chih lsphêf l blclssaihil vasuhe ihs plssfhs á f qul vha trhbsdfrmhr h aeumabhêãf htuhe bh aeumabhêãf if duturf vashbif tlmfs rlhemlbtl caihils abtleajlbtls. H hvheahêãf lm tlmpf rlhe ih vasagaeaihil htrhvás il dftfjrhdahs cfm íbiacls il eumabçbcah lm tlmpf rlhe thmgám ilvl slr abfvhêãf h slr hvheahih bfs próxamfs hbfs, utaeazhbif fs rlcursfs ihs caihils abtleajlbtls, glm cfmf h iltlcêãf il pfbtfs qul lstãf hghaxf ifs bívlas lxajaifs htrhvás il slbsfrls iaspfstfs bfs vlícuefs fu bh próprah vah.

1.7  Bfvhs tlcbfefjahs (tubbhgel Eajotabj) H tlbiàbcah htuhe il utaeazhêãf il iadlrlbtls tlmplrhturhs il cfr bf mlsmf lquaphmlbtf qul `è vlm slbif utaeazhih lm hmgalbtls abtlrafrls thmgám pfil slr utaeazhih lm aeumabhêãf pðgeach. Yhmgám `è utaeazhih lm aeumabhêãf il dhcohihs l mfbumlbtfs bh crahêãf il clbèrafs phrh iadlrlbtls satuhêüls, ápfchs if hbf fu lvlbtfs. Hs pfssagaeaihil ih utaeazhêãf ilstl tapf il rlcursf sãf lbfrmls phrh mleofrah ih quheaihil ih aeumabhêãf, usf mhas ldltavf ih euz.  

8>.  Aeumabhêãf Ilcfrhtavh Lxtlrbh ^ðgeach l ^ravhih Lxastl umh jrhbil vhralihil il eumabèrahs ilcfrhtavhs l pfstls iaspfbívlas phrh aeumabhêãf il cheêhiüls, prhêhs l èrlhs il `hriabs, iadlrlbcahbif-sl bh dfrmh, ―ilsajb” l iastraguaêãf ih euz. ^hrh aeumabhêãf ilcfrhtavh/frbhmlbthe, 7>

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

dfrhm hmpehmlbtl utaeazhihs eumabèrahs lsdárachs l cðgachs, cfm rlhtfr abtljrhif l rldrhtfr lm pfeachrgfbhtf, qul jlrhvhm ilsplriícaf il euz l pfeuaêãf eumabfsh slm aeumabhr hs èrlhs fbil h euz sl dhz blclssèrah. Hs eumabèrahs ilvlm iarlcafbhr h euz sfmlbtl phrh ghaxf lvathbif h pfeuaêãf eumabfsh l iastraguar cfrrlthmlbtl cfrrlthmlbtl h euz phrh èrlh h slr aeumabhih.

Eumabèrahs Eumabèra hs ilcfrhtavhs hbtajhs l abldacalbtls

Eumabèrahs ilcfrhtavhs ilcfrhtavhs mfilrbhs l ldacalbtls

(Clrtadachêãf) 8>.8  Bfrmhs hpeacèvlas l quheaihil ifs lquaphmlbtfs (Clrtadachêãf)    

HGBY BGW 807>87 Aeumabhêãf ^ðgeach  HGBY BGW ASF/CAL ?1183 Aeumabhêãf il hmgalbtl il Yrhgheof, ^hrtl 8 abtlrafr     HGBY BGW ALC 4>8> Eumabèrahs – ^hrtl 80 Wlquasatfs jlrhas l lbshafs   HGBY BGW 887 Eumabèrahs Eumabèrahs phrh Aeumabhêãf ^ðgeach – Wlquasatfs phrtacuehrls   HBSA/ALLL C.47.98.8-7>>7 ALLL Wlcfmmlbili ^rhctacl fb

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Cohrhctlrazhtafb fd Surjls ab Efw-Tfethjl (8>>> T hbi Elss) HC ^fwlr Cohrhctlrazhtafb Carcuats   78

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

   HGBY BGW ALC 48493-807>>: 48493-807>>: Iaspfsatavfs il il prftlêãf cfbtrh cfbtrh surtfs lm ghaxh tlbsãf    ALC 48>>>-3-707>>1 Lelctrfmhjb Lelctrfmhjbltac ltac cfmphtagaeaty (LMC). Eamats dfr ohrmfbac currlbt currlbt lmassafbs (lquapmlbt abput currlbt 5 84 H plr pohsl)   HGBY BGW ALC 47:77-7-8 7>84 Ilslmplbof il Eumabèrah  –  Wlquasatfs  Wlquasatfs phrtacuehrls phrh eumabèrah ELI     –  ELI mfiuels dfr jlblrhe j lblrhe eajotabj  ^lrdfrmhbcl ALC 47:8:07>8< rlquarlmlbts    ALSBH EM-?>-8? Lelctrache hbi ^oftfmltrac Mlhsurlmlbt fd Sfeai Sthtl Eajotabj ^rfiucts    ALS EM-?9-89 ^rf`lctabj Efbj-Ylrm Eumabfus Deux Mhabtlbhbcl fd ELI Ehmps hbi Eumabharls     ALS YM-7? Hpprfvli Mltofi0 Mltofi0 Mlhsurabj Mlhsurabj Eumabfus Deux hbi hbi Cfefr Mhabtlbhbcl fd ELI Ehmps, Eajot Lbjabls, hbi Eumabharls     ALS YM-3>-8< Mltofi dfr Lvheuhtabj Eajot Sfurcl Cfefr Wlbiatafb 

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^hrh aeumabhêãf pðgeach dfa pugeachih h ^frthrah b° 7>, if Abmltrf, il 8< il dlvlrlarf il 7>8:. Hs eumabèrahs phrh eçmphihs il ilschrjh h heth prlssãf l hs eumabèrahs ELI sãf fs pramlarfs prfiutfs il aeumabhêãf pðgeach cfm c clrtadachêãf lrtadachêãf cfmpuesóra cfmpuesórah, h, slbif qul ilvlrah ohvlr umh mleofr bh quheadachêãf ifs prfiutfs l mleofrah if bívle il quheaihil, heám ih pfssagaeaihil il dascheazhêãf il prfiutfs cfm hs rlsplctavhs plbheaihils. Bf ðetamf hbf lstè slbif iascutaif f bfvf mfilef rljuehtóraf if ABMLYWF l dfrmhs il muihr f mfilef phrh h hutfilcehrhêãf l um jrhbil rljuehmlbtf jlrhe hpeacèvle h tfifs fs prfiutfs bf mlrchif. Ilsth dfrmh bãf mhas ohvlrah h clrtadachêãf cfmpuesórah l sam lstl rljuehmlbtf qul cfgrarah umh mhafr quhbtaihil il prfiutfs qul htuhemlbtl bãf lstãf slbif cfbtrfehifs pfr blboum rljuehmlbtf lsplcídacf.

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Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

88.  Mátfifs hbèeasl sastlmhs ilil aeumabhêãf

ifs

Wftlarf gèsacf phrh lehgfrhêãf il prf`ltfs il aeumabhêãf (Bfvfs prf`ltfs l rltrfdat) Lstl rftlarf gèsacf slrvl cfmf sujlstãf, cfm suhs s uhs pfssívlas vhrahêüls il hcfrif cfm h blclssaihil il chih tapf il hpeachêãf il aeumabhêãf, qul ilvl slr sljuaif phrh lehgfrhêãf il lstuifs htá h dabheazhêãf if prf`ltf lxlcutavf lxceusavf phrh f sastlmh il aeumabhêãf. H sljuar hs dhsls if prf`ltf0  

8)   Fgtlbêãf ifsl ihifs prleamabhrls; 7) Hbtl prf`ltf cèecuefs il vahgaeaihil lcfbùmach; 3)  Wlheazhêãf ifs cèecuefs eumabftácbacfs cfm h efchêãf ifs pfbtfs il aeumabhêãf; 9)  Wlehêãf il mhtlrahe l frêhmlbtf; % cfm h sugstatuaêãf ifs sastlmhs cfbvlbcafbhas pfr ELI.

Cèecuefs l ^rf`ltf eumabftácbacf  

Fgtlbêãf ifs ihifs prleamabhrls0 cfbsastl bh fgtlbêãf ifs ihifs blclssèrafs î lehgfrhêãf if prf`ltf il aeumabhêãf.   Fg`ltavf if prf`ltf0 bfvf prf`ltf, rlvatheazhêãf, rlhilquhêãf, ldacalbtazhêãf, ldacalbtazh êãf, fgtlbêãf ih pehbth ih èrlh;   Lstuif gèsacf ih èrlh0 iltlrmabhêãf ih cehssadachêãf il chih èrlh l blclssaihils il bívlas il aeumabhêãf l ubadfrmaihils;   Cèecuef eumabftácbacf0 lehgfrhr, cfm usf il prfjrhmh lsplcídacf (IAHEux, pfr lxlmpef), f prf`ltf eumabftácbacf vashbif htlbilr h cehssadachêãf ih vah.

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Wlehêãf il mhtlrahe l frêhmlbtf Easthr fs mhtlrahas qul arãf cfmpfr f prf`ltf il aeumabhêãf. Blsth dhsl ilvlm slr sfeacathifs fs >3 (tràs) frêhmlbtfs právafs il dfrblclifrls iavlrsfs qul htlbihm hs lsplcadachêüls míbamhs il prf`ltf h dam il vlradachr f abvlstamlbtf abacahe abacahe lm mhtlrahe l slrvaêfs phrh lxlcuêãf if prf`ltf.

87.  ^rf`ltf Lxlcutavf  Hprlslbthêãf if prf`ltf Blssh lthph ilvlrãf slr hprlslbthifs fs ilslbofs, cèecuefs l dfrmueèrafs, il hcfrif cfm fs phirüls lsthglelcaifs, blclssèrafs phrh htlbiamlbtf îs lxajàbcahs ih Iastraguaifrh. Iastraguaifrh. F prf`ltf lxlcutavf il aeumabhêãf á rlheazhif lm dhsls, h phrtar if pehbl`hmlbtf if prf`ltf abacahif cfm f trhgheof il chmpf l elvhbthmlbtf ihs abdfrmhêüls, htá lxlcuêãf ldltavh if prf`ltf, abceuabif f hs-guaet hpós h lxlcuêãf.      

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Yrhgheof il chmpf cfm h cfelth il ifcumlbthêãf (efchas lxastlbtls) lxastlbtls) Wlubaüls abacahas (prf`ltfs bfvfs l lxastlbtls) Hbtlprf`ltf (Hbèeasls ih satuhêãf lxastlbtl l prf`ltf cfbclatuhe il aeumabhêãf) 79

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

 

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Samuehêãf phrh hvheahêãf cfbtlbif0   ^rf`ltf Eumabftácbacf   Mlmfrahe Ilscratavf   Chilrbf il Lsplcadachêüls il lquaphmlbtfs   Cèecuefs Ilmfbstrhtavfs Mfbthjlm (abceuabif (abceuabif tlstls právafs l rljuehjlm dabhe) •

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Hs Guaet Mhbutlbêãf ^rlvlbtavh l Cfrrltavh

Ampfrthbtl0 f prf`ltf ilvl cfbtlr hsplctfs rlehtavfs h suh fplrhêãf bf tlmpf Ampfrthbtl0 prlvastf phrh h vaih ðtae ifs lquaphmlbtfs lsplcadachifs. Lsth á h mleofr dfrmh il jhrhbtar h ldacaàbcah hf efbjf if tlmpf l qul fs rltfrbfs prf`lthifs sl`hm ldltavhmlbtl fgtaifs.

83.  Abfvhêüls tlcbfeójachs (sastlmhs il cfbtrfel, iamlrazhêãf iamlrazhêã f l tleljlstãf) Iamlrazhêãf0   Sãf eumabèrahs fu eçmphihs qul pfssulm cfmphtagaeaihil cfm Iamlrazhêãf0  iaspfsatavf phrh phrh cfbtrfehr h abtlbsaihil abtlbsaihil ih euz/deuxf eumabfsf. Hs eçmphihs iamlrazèvlas ilvlm slr absthehihs cfm fs lquaphmlbtfs hprfprahifs, phrh fgtlr f cfbtrfel ih abtlbsaihil il euz hilquhif. Lm èrlhs abtlrbhs l abiustrahas slmprl á rlcfmlbihih h utaeazhêãf il slbsfrls il prlslbêh, fcuphêãf l eumabfsaihil. Lm aeumabhêãf lxtlrbh l pðgeach oè h fpêãf ih utaeazhêãf ifs sastlmhs il tleljlstãf l iamlrazhêãf bfs chsfs qul sl`h pfssívle h rliuêãf if deuxf eumabfsf. 87.8  Oastóracf  

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Lm 87/8>/8138 – hcafbhmlbtf ih aeumabhêãf if Crastf Wlilbtfr – Mhrcfba –  fbil pfrthifrh h phrtar if Thtachbf; Lm >7/>?/8139 – hcafbhmlbtf ih aeumabhêãf ih ―Mhifbbh ileeh Elttlrh” lm Mlssabh; Ðetamhs iáchihs0 \taeazhêãf phrh lcfbfmah il lblrjah, dheth il abtljrhêãf l iðvaihs quhbtf h mliaêãf.

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Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

87.7  Glbldícafs

8 - Lmassãf Cfbsthbtl il Deuxf Eumabfsf ■

 

?% h 8>% il lcfbfmah il lblrjah

Hf abvás il cfefchr mhas pftàbcah l deuxf eumabfsf bf abícaf ih fplrhêãf ih aeumabhêãf phrh cfmplbshr h plrih if deuxf eumabfsf qul vha ilchabif hf efbjf if tlmpf, fs sastlmhs cfm lmassãf cfbsthbtl if deuxf eumabfsf iaspülm il iaspfsatavfs qul hutfmhtachmlbtl dhzlm lsth cfmplbshêãf il hcfrif cfm hs ofrhs il usf.

7 – ^ftàbcah Tartuhe  

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Htá 7>% il lcfbfmah il lblrjah

Hf abvás il utazhr hs pftàbcahs cfmlrcahemlbtl iaspfbívlas bf mlrchif l jhsthr mhas lblrjah, á pfssívle hiquarar um lquaphmlbtf l quaphmlbtf cfm pftàbcah bfmabhe suplrafr h qul dfa lsplcadachih, mhs `è phrtara bf abícaf ih absthehêãf cfm h pftàbcah mlbfr hilquhih hfs bívlas rlcfmlbihifs plef prf`ltf. H hifêãf ih lmassãf cfbsthbtl if deuxf eumabfsf cfm h pftàbcah cfrrlth ilsil f abícaf pfil jlrhr htá 7>% il lcfbfmah il lblrjah.

3 - Lmassãf Iabçmach l sleltavh il deuxf eumabfsf  

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3>% h 9>% il lcfbfmah il lblrjah

Futrh mliaih phrh lcfbfmah il lblrjah htrhvás ih iamlrazhêãf á h slelêãf if deuxf eumabfsf hilquhif il hcfrif cfm h fcuphêãf fcuphêãf if hmgalbtl l bívle bívle il il aeumabhêãf bhturhe (hmgalbtls abtlrbfs) l ofrèrafs il utaeazhêãf il hcfrif cfm h fcuphêãf l blclssaihil il euz (hmgalbtls lxtlrbfs –  aeumabhêãf pðgeach).

87.3  ^rlsthêãf il Slrvaêf ^ðgeacf H Chrth Mhjbh il 81?? lsthglelcl, bfs tlrmfs if hrt. 8:.81?? 74

Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

89.  Mliaihs il ldacaàbcah lblrjátach lm aeumabhêãf Hs htavaihils fu cfb`ubtf il htavaihils cfbclgaihs phrh humlbthr h ldacaàbcah lblrjátach il umh absthehêãf, sastlmh, prfclssf fu lquaphmlbtf á cohmhih il Hêãf il Ldacaàbcah Lblrjátach –  HLL (HBLLE, 7>8?) fu il Mliaihs il Cfbslrvhêãf il Lblrjah (MCL). H mfilrbazhêãf ih aeumabhêãf pleh sampels trfch ifs lquaphmlbtfs cfbvlbcafbhas pfr eçmphihs/eumabèrahs ELI, fu if abjeàs rltrfdattabj , pfil slr cfbsailrhih cfmf h hêãf mhas sampels phrh h ldacaàbcah lblrjátach abceuabif h rliuêãf il custfs il fplrhêãf il sastlmhs s astlmhs il aeumabhêãf.

Ilsthchm-sl mliaihs cfmf0        

Hvheahêãf if sastlmh htuhe il aeumabhêãf; Ildabaêãf ihs lstrhtájahs phrh rliuzar ilmhbih l cfbsumf; Hprfvlathmlbtf Hprfvlathml btf ih aeumabhêãf bhturhe; Wlheazhêãf il prf`ltf eumabftácbacf il hcfrif cfm hs rlsplctavhs bfrmhs;   ^rafrazhr lquaphmlbtfs cfm Slef cfm Slef ^WFCLE.  ^WFCLE.  Cfmf h lcfbfmah il lblrjah hpós um prfclssf il hêãf il ldacaàbcah lblrjátach fu mliaihs il cfbslrvhêãf il lblrjah bãf pfil slr mliaih iarlthmlbtl, umh vlz qul rlprlslbth h husàbcah if cfbsumf il lblrjah. Ilsth dfrmh vashbif quhbtadachr l hvheahr fs amphctfs l h sustlbthgaeaihil ifs prf`ltfs il ldacaàbcah lblrjátach, ilvlm slr rlheazhihs mliaihs il mliaêãf l vlradachêãf vlradachêã f ifs rlsuethifs fu sampelsmlbtl M&T. ■

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F fg`ltavf if prfclssf il M&T á prfpfrcafbhr umh mltfifefjah cfbdaèvle, trhbsphrlbtl qul pfssh slr prf`ltfs ushih phrh hvheahr fs amphctfs l lh rlpeacèvle sustlbthgaeaihil ifs il quhbtadachr ldacaàbcah llblrjátach ampelmlbthifs ^hrh h mliaêãf ifs bívlas il aeumabhêãf rlcfmlbih-sl h utaeazhêãf il lquaphmlbtfs prlcasfs l cfbdaèvlas phrh lsth thrldh. H prlcasãf ilstls mliaifrls ilvl slr cfbsailrhih bf ^ehbf il M&T, `ubthmlbtl cfm umh dfrmh il cfmphrhêãf ihs suhs elaturhs cfm hs elaturhs ifs mliaifrls ih iastraguaifrh, cfmf f mliaifr il aeumabçbcah aeumabçbc ah (euxímltrf) hf ehif.

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Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls

 

 

Wldlràbcahs [8]  D. C. Scowlppl, M. C. Chrhmhbas, W. I. Yhgfrs, hbi W. L. Gfob, ― S Spft pft ^racabj fd Lelctracaty,”  Slcfbi  Slcfbi Li0 Keuwlr Hchilmac ^ugeasolrs, 811:. [7]  ^WFCLE LELYWFGWHS/AGHM0 Juah Yácbacf ^rfcle Wleuz –  Aeumabhêãf ^ðgeach Ldacalbtl, 7>>9; [3]  ^WFCLE, ^rfjrhmh Bhcafbhe il Cfbslrvhêãf il Lblrjah Leátrach. Wlehtóraf il rlsuethifs if ^rfcle 7>8? - hbf ghsl 7>8:. Waf il @hblarf, 7>8?. [9]  CFSYH, Jaeglrtf @fsá Cfrràh ih. Aeumabhêãf lcfbùmach0 cèecuef l hvheahêãf. 3. Li. rlv. l hmp. ^frtf Heljrl0 Liapucrs, 7>>88. [:]  HGBY BGW 807>87 –  Aeumabhêãf ^ðgeach –  ^rfcliamlbtf, htuheazhih l pugeachih lm hgrae il 7>87 - HGBY, 7>87-h

Gafjrhdah Eucahbf Wfsatf á Iarltfr Cfmlrcahe ih Ylcbfwhtt Aeumabhêãf - Jrupf SAMFB.

Lbjlbolarf Leltracasth jrhiuhif pleh ^fbtadícah \bavlrsaihil Chtóeach if Waf Jrhbil if Sue –  ^\CWS (8111). ^ós-jrhiuhif lm Jlstãf Lmprlshrahe pleh ^\CWS. Cffrilbhifr il cfmassãf il Lstuifs HGBY –  CFGLA –  CL>3 –  Eumabèrahs l hclssórafs l phrtacaphbtl phrtacaphbtl ihs ilmhas ilmhas cfmassüls. cfmassüls. Cursfs il aeumabhêãf bf Grhsae l lxtlrafr, abceuabif0 Aeumabhêãf, dftfmltrah l lsplcadachêãf il eumabèrahs (Gáejach 7>>:), ^rfdlssfr il Cursf il Aeumabhêãf ^ðgeach - CLA^. ^helstrhbtl lm lvlbtfs il aeumabhêãf (CFGLL, AE\ML_^F, ltc) l prfdlssfr il cursfs il aeumabhêãf –  Lxplr / ASAYLC. Mlmgrf ih iarltfrah ih Hgaeux –  Hssfcahêãf Grhsaelarh ih Abiðstrah ih Aeumabhêãf. ^rfdlssfr bf A^FJ. Mhas il vabtl l cabcf hbfs il lxplraàbcah bh èrlh il aeumabhêãf, hiquaraih bh ^M^H, ^\CWS – EHGLEF l lmprlshs il aeumabhêãf.

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Sastlmhs il Aeumabhêãf0 cfbclatfs l hpeachêüls