Ebook Introduction Gala4.1

 

GALA REINFORCEMENT 4.1R 

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GALA REINFORCEMENT 4.1R 

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GALA REINFORCEMENT 4.1R 

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GALA REINFORCEMENT 4.1R 

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http://www.alashki.com/links.htm

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Introduction GaLa Reinforcement Reinforcement ® offers rapid design of reinforced reinforced concrete elements elements (columns, beams) subjected to axial force and axial or bi-axial bending moments. The program calculates the necessary area of reinforcing, checks the R/C cross-section capacity, generates interaction failure surfaces, determines the strains, stresses, curvatures, stiffnesses (creep, non-liner creep) and crack widths for any reinforced concrete cross-section. Elements with complicated complicated shapes can be designed. Both Metric and Imperial units of measurement are supported.

After loading the program program the dialog box shown below will appear appear :

The following types of calculations are possible :

ULS

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Design section - The program calculates the necessary necessary area of reinforcing. Check section section - The program checks the R/C cross-section capacity . The area of reinforcing is provided by the user ! Failure surface - The program draws the interaction failure surfaces. The area of reinforcing is provided by the user !

SLS 

The area of reinforcing reinforcing is provided by the user !

Stress - strain - The program calculates calculates the R/C cross-section cross-section strains strains and stresses corresponding to the applied external loads. 1/r - EI

- The program calculates the R/C cross-section curvatures or stiffnesses

corresponding to the applied external loads. 1/r - EI chart

- The The program draws the R/C cross-section cross-section curvature or stiffness stiffness chart. chart.

Crack widths- The program calculates the R/C cross-section crack widths corresponding to the applied external loads.

Concrete design codes: The following codes are supported:

  · Eurocode 2 · ACI 318-99 · CSA-A23.3-94 · BS 8110· BDS 1988 · DIN 1045   · NZS 3101-95· UBC 97· AASHTO LRFD 1997· BDS HT 1989 Cross Section Type: You may analyze the following R/C cross sections : rectangular, T section, I section , L section, section, U section, circular, donut and user defined. defined.

WARNING :

All load values must must be entered entered in the format required for the

calculation.

WARNING :

You start with with the assumption assumption that load load values defined defined (axial forces forces

and moments) are applied to the center of masses of the concrete cross-section.

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Reinforcement Type:   · Symmetric: As1 = As2   · Unsymmetric: As1 As2 , As1+As2=min   · Bar positions:  The user may define the geometry of the reinforcing reinforcing bar configuration. Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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Starting program After loading the program program the dialog box shown below will appear :

Legend 1. Main Tabs - Switch between main pages: < Configure> 2. Cross Section Type. 3. Load Type : axial or bi-axial bending. bending. 4. Reinforcement Type. 5. ULS analysis.

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6. SLS analysis. 7. Functional buttons. 8. ReBar Analyzer 9. ReBar Calculator 10.Design code. Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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Solve page Select the tab < Solve > . The dialog box shown below below will appear:

Legend 1. Cross-section scheme. 2. Visual data-control panel. 3. Command buttons. 4. II order bending moments flag. 5. Analysis data dialog box.. Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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Concrete Click on the < Concrete > button on the < > page. Dialog box shown below will appear :

Legend 1. Concrete Stress-Strain Relation ( SSR):   ·   ·   ·   ·   ·   ·   ·

A - Rectangular B - Parabolic - Linear EN 1992-1 (3.1.4) July 1999 C - Hyperbolic EN 1992-1 (3.1.4) July 1999 D - Confined concrete E  - Unconfined concrete C - BS 8110 F - Triangular

2. Concrete strength. 3. Partial safety factor. 4. Stress-strain relation chart. 5. Auto adjust SSR ( B and C ) 6. Elastic modulus. 7. Age. 8. Concrete strength design values.

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SSR References: D, E  - Mander, J.B., Priestley, M. J. N., " Observed Stress-Strain Behavior of Confined Concrete", Journal Journal of Structural Engineering, Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 114, No.8, August 1988, pp.1827-1849

B, C - European Standard EN 1992-1 July 1999 - Eurocode 2 : Design of concrete structures Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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Reinforcing steel Click on the < Steel > button on the < Solve > page. Dialog box shown below will appear :

Legend 1. Steel Stress-Strain Relation (SSR)   ·   ·   ·

A - Standard B - Bi - linear ( Cold worked steel rods ) C - Strain - hardening ( Hot rolled steel )

2. Steel yield stress. 3. Partial safety factor. 4. SSR chart. 5. Elastic modulus. Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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Design section Select

on the < General> page.

The program will calculate the necessary area of reinforcing corresponding to the applied external loads. After clicking on the < Loads> button from the < Solve > page the dialog box shown below will appear:

Legend 1. Number of load cases. 2. Loads data. 3. On / Off calculation of the the II order moments. 4. Design Code for calculation calculation of the II order moments. moments. 5. Method for calculation of the effective length length factors:

k 

6. Geometrical length of the element. 7. Effective lengths lengths of the the element:

Lk = Lo . k  

8. Effective length factors dialog box . Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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Check section Select

on the < General> page.

The program will check the R/C cross-section for applied external loads. The area of reinforcing is provided by the user ! Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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Failure surface Select

on the < General> page.

The program will generate the interaction failure surface: or or . The area of reinforcing is provided by the user ! After clicking on the < Chart data > button from the the < Solve > page the dialog box shown below will appear:

If axiial bending bending (N, Mx) is selected:

Legend 1. Chart region: or or

If bi-axial bending (N, Mx, My) is selected:

Legend 1. Chart type: or or 2. Chart force. Results Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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Stress - strain analysis Select

on the < General> page.

The program will calculate the R/C cross-section strains and stresses corresponding to the applied external loads. The area of reinforcing is provided by the user! Results Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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1/r - EI Analysis Select

on the < General> page.

The program will calculate the R/C cross-section curvature or stiffness corresponding to the applied external loads. The area of reinforcing is provided by the user ! After clicking on the < SLS data> button from the < Solve > page pa ge the dialog box shown below will appear :

Legend 1. Number of load cases. 2. Loads data. 3. Loading kind: or . Repeated>. 4. Type of reinforcing reinforcing bars : , .

6. On / Off Creep 7. On / Off Non-linear creep 8. Type of analysis: or 9. Creep dialog box . Results Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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1/r - EI chart Select

on the < General> page.

The program will draw (Mx-Curvature) or (Mx-Stiffness ) chart. The area of reinforcing is provided by the user! After clicking on the < Chart data> button from the < Solve > page the dialog box shown below will appear:

Legend 1. Chart region: or or 2. Type of chart : < Curvature> Curvature> or < Stiffness>. 3. Present axial force force value. Results Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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Crack widths Select

on the < General> page.

The program will calculate the R/C cross-section crack widths corresponding to the applied external loads. The area of reinforcing is provided by the user! Results Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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Results: Design section < Design ssection ection > analysis results: results:

Legend 1. Required reinforcement area, strains and stresses. 2. Section properties. 3. II order bending moments. 4. Required reinforcement area. 5. Strains [o/oo]. 6. Stresses. 7.

Min concrete strain and depth of the compressive zone.

8. Reinforcement ratio. 9. Required reinforcement ratio. 10.  Auto draw section interaction failure surface. 11. Strains chart. 12. Concrete stresses chart. Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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Results: Check section < Check section> analysis results:

Legend Np  - maximal permissible axial force Mxp, Myp  - maximal permissible bending moments Ratio  - section capacity ratio ratio = ( applied load / maximal permissible permissible load ) Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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Results : Failure surface < Failure sur surface face > analysis results:

Mx - My chart

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Legend 1. Camera: < Req.reinf > or < Strains > 2. Dynamic section chart. 3. Chart Toolbars. 4. Coordinates of the cursor. 5. Interaction failure surface. 6. On / Off camera. 7. Stretch chart. 8. Show Check Loads dialog box . 9. Check Loads dialog box . Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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Results: Stress-strain analysis < Stress-strain >

analysis results:

Legend

1. Load Nr. 2. ec- 

- concrete strain.

3. sigma_c-  - concrete stress. 4. es- 

- minimal steel strain for bar Nr.

5. sigma_s-  - minimal steel stress. 6. es+  - maximal strain for bar Nr. Nr. 7. sigma_s+  - maximal maximal steel stress 8. Section chart. Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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Results: 1/r - EI analysis Curvature analysis ( 1/r ) results:

Legend 1. ec - concrete strain. 2. es  - mean steel strain for bar Nr. 3. 1/rx , 1/ry - curvature of the cracked section. Stiffness analysis ( EcI_II) results:

Legend 1. EcIx_red, EcIy_red  - stiffness of the uncracked section. 2. EcIx_II, EcIy_II - stiffness of cracked section. 3. x_ratio, y_ratio  - stiffness ratio = EcI_II / EcI_red Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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Results: 1/r - EI chart < 1/r - EI chart> analysis results:

Example: 1/rx - Mx chart ( Curvature chart )

Legend 1. I  order curvature. 2. II order curvature. 3. Average cracking load. 4. Dynamic section chart. 5. On / Off camera.

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Example: EIx_II - Mx chart ( Stiffness chart )

Legend 1. I  order stiffness 2. II  order stiffness 3. Average cracking load. 4. Dynamic section chart. 5. On / Off camera. Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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Results: Crack widths < Crack widths>

analysis results:

Legend 1. Load Nr. 2. Bar Nr. 3. es - mean steel strain for the Bar Nr. 4. ec - concrete strain. 5. Srm - average final crack spacing. 6. Wm - average crack width for the bar axis. 7. Wk - design ( max ) crack width for the bar axis. 8. Ws - design ( max ) crack width for the section se ction surface. 9. Section chart - effective tension zone zone is blue colored. Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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ReBar Analyzer Click on

to open the ReBar Analyzer  :

Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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ReBar Calculator Click on

to open the ReBar Calculator:

Examples:   · 5d10+ 3d14 = 8.55 cm2   · 10cm2 / d20 = 3.18 bars   · 10cm2 + 5 d20 = 25.71cm2   · 11cm2 + 5cm2 = 16.00cm2 Copyright © 2001 by ENGPROJECT ® Dr.Ilia Alashki

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