Ebook 60 Questões de Psicologia CONCURSOS PSI PSICOLOGIA NOVA

March 15, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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VRLBW^ - 3>3> - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Gklklà`k - W^

Be 3>;0, a Wblkia kpravau ebiìks qub kepd`krke kepd `krke a kdgklgb ik Db` Ekr`k ik ^blmk. Rek ibssks ebiìks ibtbre`lk qub k eudmbr våtèk ib vàdêlg`k tblmk k) kssbourkiks ks apartulìkibs apartulìkibs b fkg`dìkibs fkg`dìkibs pkrk v`vbr v`vbr sbe vàdêlg`k, prbsbrvklia prbsbrvklia suk skúib fås`gk b ebltkd. c) i`rb`ta k ue ktblièblta ktblièblta pad`g`k pad`g`kdd bspbg`kd`zkia, bspbg`kd`zkia, be pkrt`gudkr lks Ibdbokg`ks ib Ktblièblta î Eudmbr. g) pràrìkib pkrk e ektr`gudkr ktr`gudkr sbus d dmas mas lks `lst`tu`ïòbs ib biugkïça cës`gk ek`s pr÷xèks ib sbu iae`gådà. i) ktblièblta prbstkia prbstkia ib farek farek krt`gudkik, krt`gudkik, be galf galfareìkib areìkib gae ks i`rbtr`zbs ik Db` Aroãl`gk ib Kss`stêlg`k Wag`kd. b) okrklt`k i ikk eklutbl eklutblïça ïça ib sbu vålg vålguda uda bepr beprboktågà boktågà `liblìkebltb, la gksa ib prbg`skr prbg`skrbe be sb kfkstkr ia trkckdma kp÷s k iblúlg`k ib vàdêlg`k. SBWADRÏÇA: A pkrëorkfa ? ia Krt. 0º fa` `lgduåia be 3>;0 lk Db` Ekr`k ik ^blmk pbdk db` ;7.==3. Vbjkeas a qub bdb i`z: Krt. 0. § ?º K eudmbr be s`tukïça ib vàdêlg`k iaeàst`gk b fke`d`kr tbe pràrìkib pkrk ektr`gudkr sbus ibpblibltbs be `lst`tu`ïça ib biugkïça cës`gk ek`s pr÷xèk pr ÷xèk ib sbu iae`gådà, au trklsfbr`-das pkrk bssk `lst`tu`ïça, ebi`kltb k kprbsbltkïça iasauiaguebltas gaeprackt÷ràs ia rbo`stra ik agarrêlg`k pad`g`kd ia pragbssa ib vàdêlg`k iaeàst`gk b fke`d`kr be gursa.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G 3. Fulikïça GBFBYCKM@K - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Ckrrb`rks - CK Sbo`lkdia à ue pkg`bltb qub fa` sucebtìa k uek kvkd`kïça ps`gad÷o`gk më ue kla b ebà, ik qukd rbsudtau ue dkuia ps`gad÷o`ga, qubibprbss`va ibsgrbv`k, bibltrb ga`sks, s`ltaektadao`k klsàsk, muear ck`xa autrks kutagalgb`ta. La prbsbltb eaeblta, pragurk lavkebltb a ps`g÷daoa Iàoa, kutar ia dkuia, pkrk sad`g`tkr uek v`k gae iktk ktukd, pa`s rbfbrb 3

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tbr bxtrkv`kia a dkuia arò`lkd. Lbstb sbltìa, k galiutk prassàlkdebltb garrbtk k sbr kiatkik par Iàoa à: k) kgb`tkr a pbiìa, uek vbz qub uek uek patblg`kd rbgusk paib paib ibsbstkc`d`zkr ue pkg`bltb gae m`st÷r`ga ib trklstarla ib kls`bikib. c) kgb`tkr a pbi` pbiìa, ia, uek vvbz bz qub as ikias p ps`gad÷o`g s`gad÷o`gas as ibsgr`tas la dkuia sça bdbebltas ib pbrsalkdìkib b, partklta, èutëvb`s. g) rbguskr a pbiìa, uek vbz qub as ikias ikias kfbr kfbrìas ìas be uek kvkd`kïça ps`gad÷o`gk sça i`lãe`gas, lça-ibl`t`vas b tklobltbs ka pbråaia kvkd`kt`va. i) rbguskr a pbiìa, uek vbz qub ue pkg`bltb pkg`bltb saebltb paib sbr sucebtìa k uek kvkd`kïça ps`gad÷o`gk ibltra ib ue `ltbrvkda ib g`lga klas. b) kgb`tkr a pbiìa, uek vbz qub à i`rb`ta ia kvkd`kia sad`g`tkr, sbeprb qub lbgbssërà, uek g÷p`k ib iaguebltas rbfbrbltbs kas sbus ikias ps`gad÷o`gas/sucjbt`vas. SBWADRÏÇA: Ib kgaria gae k rbgbltåssèk Sbsaduïça >>6/3>;0: Krt. 2º, § 7º A iagueblta bsgr`ta rbsudtkltb ik prbstkïça ib sbrv`ïas ps`gad÷o`gas ibvb galsìbrkr k lkturbzk i`lãe`gk, lça ibl`t`vk b lça gr`stkd`zkik ia fblùebla ps`gad÷o`ga.

I`kltb ia bxpasta, paibeas galstktkr qub a ps`g÷daoa Iàoa lça ibvb kgb`tkr k sad`g`tkïça ib sbu pkg`bltb, mkjk v`stk qub pkrk be`t`r ue dkuia gae iktk ktukd sbr`k lbgbssërà k rbkd`zkïça ib uek lavk kvkd`kïça. OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G 7. Fulikïça GBFBYCKM@K - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Ckrrb`rks - CK Lk prët`gk ia ps`g÷daoa gdål`ga gdål`ga,, k rbkd`zkïça ia ps`gai`kol÷st`g ps`gai`kol÷st`ga a à ue pragbss pragbssa a fulikebltkd pkrk i`kol÷st`ga b i`rbïça ia trktkeblta. K rbkd`zkïça ia ps`gai`kol ps`gai`kol÷st`ga ÷st`ga cbe fulikebltkia rbqubr qub a ps`g÷daoa: 7

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k) rbúlk eaikdìkibs e`stks ib tbstk tbstkobe obe ps`g ps`gad÷o`gks. ad÷o`gks. c) pr`v`dbo`b k bp`stbeadao`k ggaol`t`v`stk aol`t`v`stk ib gaeprbbls gaeprbblsça ça ps`gad÷o`gk. g) kikptb b vkdìb vkdìb tbstbs ps`gaeàtr`gas ps`gaeàtr`gas ib kg kgaria aria gae gae suk bxpbr`êlg`k. i) kiatb pràr`tkr`kebltb pràr`tkr`kebltb ks db`turks ps ps`gai`lãe`gks `gai`lãe`gks ias ikias ps`gad÷o`gas. b) passuk ggalmbgèbltas almbgèbltas ttb÷r`gas, b÷r`gas, b iae`lb pr pragbièbltas agbièbltas b tàgl`gks ps`gad÷o`gks ps`gad÷o`gks.. SBWADRÏÇA: A ps`gai`kol÷st`ga à ue pragbssa g`bltåga, dè`tkia la tbepa, qub ut`d`zk ut`d`z k tàgl`gks b tbstbs ps`gad÷o`gas

(`lput), sbjk pk rk bltblibr pkrk pracdbeks î duz ib prbssupastas tb÷r`gas, ìblt`gkr b kvkd`kr kspbgtas bspbgågas, sbjk pkrk gdkss`gkr a gksa b prbvbr sbu gursa passåvbd, gaeul`gklia as rbsudtkias (autput), lk cksb ias quk`s sça prapastks saduïòbs, sb far a gksa (Gulmk, 3>>7). I`ta `ssa, vbjkeas ks kdtbrlkt`vks: DBYSK K ‗ BSSKIK. As tbstbs ps`gad÷o`gas sbeprb bstça prbsbltbs la ps`gai`kol÷st`ga. Yaikv`k, Yaikv`k, lça sòl`gk qub bdbs ibvke, lbgbsskr`kebltb, pbrtblgbr k eaikdìkibs i`st`ltks. âibeas tbr, par bxbepda, k kpd`gkïça ib >7 tbstbs ps`gaeàtr`gas, au >7 tbstbs ib pbrsalkdìkib. Lbssbs ia`s bxbepdas eblgàlkias, ebl gàlkias, tbråkeas tbstbs ib ebsek gktboar`k sblia kpd`gkias. DBYSK C ‗ BSSKIK. K bp`stbeadao`k gaol`t`v`stk ib gaeprbblsça ps`gad÷o`gk saebltb sbrë pr`v`dbo`kik sb bstk far k d`lmk tb÷r`gk bsgadmìk pbda ps`g÷daoa quklia ik `ltbrprbtkïça b klëd`sb ias ikias gadbtkias lks kvkd`kïòbs. DBYSK G ‗ BSSKIK. A ps`g÷daoa lça ibvb kikptkr a usa ib tbstbs ps`gad÷o`gas. Gkik tbstb ibvb sbou`r k kpd`gkïça ibsgr`tk la eklukd, ròaraskebltb. DBYSK I ‗ BSSKIK. K `ltbrprbtkïça ps`gai`lãe`gk ias rbsudtkias saebltb sbrë acròktar`bikib kiatkik sb a ps`g÷daoa kssè bsgadmbr . Lça më qub sb fkdkr be uek ib kiaïça ibbsgadmbr. d`lmk tb÷r`gk. DBYSK B ‗ GBSYK. GBSYK. A ps`g÷daoa, pkrk rbkd`zkr ue ps`gai`kol÷st`ga, ibvb tbr galmbgèbltas tàgl`gas b tb÷r`gas qub a gkpkg`tbe k

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rbkd`zkr tkd kvkd`kïça.

OKCKS@YA: OKCKS@Y A: DBYSK B 9. @CFG - 3>3> - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib V`lmbia - W^ K iblae`lkik —Db`ga`c`r Ekr`kk ik ^blmk―iaeàst`gk (Db` lº ;;.79>/3>>6) gr`k ebgkl`seas pkrk vàdêlg`k b fke`d`kr galtrk k eudmbr. La qub sb rbfbrb î —Db` Ekr`k ik ^blmk― b suks kdtbrkïòbs pastbràrbs, klkd`sb ks krekt`vks kck`xa: @. La ktblièblta î eudmbr be s`tukïça ib vàdêlg`k iaeàst`gk b fke`d`kr, k kutarìkib pad`g`kd ibvbrë, bltrb autrks pravìêlg`ks, pravìêlg` ks, okrklt`r pratbïça pad`g`kd, quklia lbgbssërà lbgbssërà,, gaeul`gklia gaeul`gkli a ib èbi`kta ka E`l`stàrà ^úcd`ga b ka âibr Jui`g`ërà. @@. K kutarìkib pad`g`kd rbebtbr, la prkza ib 7 i`ks, bxpbi`bltb kpkrtkia kaibvbrë pragurkiar ia eul`gåpà gae a pbiìa ik afbliìk, pkrk k galgbs galgbssça sça ib ebiìks pratbt`vks ib uroêlg`k. @@@. Wbrça kie`tìas gaea ebàs ib pravk as dkuias au praltuëràs eài`gas farlbgìas farlbgìas par masp`tk`s b pastas ib skúib. Kss`lkdb k kdtbrlkt`vk garrbtk. K) Ks krekt`vk krekt`vkss @, @@ b @@@ bstça garrbtks C) garrbtks btks G) Kpblks Kpblks ks ks krekt`vks krekt`vks @@@bb@@@@@bstça bstçagarr garr garrbtks btks I) Kpblks ks krekt`v krekt`vks ks @ b @@@ bstça garrbtks SBWADRÏÇA: Vbjkeas Vbjkeas gkik uek iks kssbrt`vks.

@YBE @ ‗ GBSYA. Be galfareìkib gae a Kr. ;; ik Db` Ekr`k ik ^blmk: Krt. ;;. La ktblièblta î eudmbr be s`tukïça ib vàdêlg`k iaeàst`gk b fke`d`kr, fke`d`kr, k kutarìkib pad`g`kd ibvbrë, bltrb autrks pravìêlg`ks: @ - okrklt`r pratbïça pad`g`kd, pad`g `kd, quklia lbgbssërà, gaeul`gklia ib èbi`kta ka E`l`stàrà ^úcd`ga b ka âibr Jui`g`ërà8 J ui`g`ërà8

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@YBE @@ ‗ BSSKIA. B SSKIA. V Vbjk bjk a qub l las as trkz a Krt. ;3 ik Db`: Krt. ;3. Be taias as gksas ib vàdêlg`k iaeàst`gk b fke`d`kr galtrk k eudmbr,, fb`ta a rbo`stra ik agarrêlg`k, ibvbrë k kutarìkib pad`g`kd eudmbr kiatkr,, ib èbi`kta, as sbou`ltbs pragbièbltas, sbe prbjuåza kiatkr ikqubdbs prbv`stas la G÷iòa ib ^ragbssa ^blkd: (...) @@@ - rbebtbr, la prkza ib 9= (qukrbltk b a`ta) marks, bxpbi`bltb kpkrtkia ka ju`z gae a pbiìa pb iìa ik afbliìk, pkrk k galgbssça ib ebiìks pratbt`vks ib uroêlg`k8

@YBE @@@ ‗ GBSYA GBSYA.. Vbjkeas, k`lik la Krt. ;3: § 7º Wbrça kie`tìas gaea ebàs ib pravk as dkuias au praltuëràs eài`gas farlbgìas par masp`tk`s b pastas ib skúib.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK I 2. @CKIB - 3>3> - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib D`lmkrbs - BW K Db` Ekr`k ik ^blmk (Db` lº ;;.79>, ib ? ib koasta ib 3>>6) iblb gaea t`pas ib vàdêlg`k, k fås`gk, k ps`gad÷o`gk, k sbxukd, k pktrèal`kd b k earkd. Rek iks gkrkgtbråst`gks lk vàdêlg`k ps`gad÷o`gk à k dè`tkïça ia i`rb`ta ib `r b v`r au qukdqubr autrk kïça qub passk gkuskr prbjuåza î skúib ps`gad÷o`gk b î kutaibtbre`lkïça. Be ekà ib 3>;0 bstk Db` pkssau k vòarkr gae ue krtòa kgrbsgìa (;3-G). A tbxta ibssb krtòa trktk ia kfkstkeblta korbssar ia dkr, au dagkd ib galv`vêlg`k gae kia afbliìk i`kltb iaiae`gådà r`sga bx`stbltb au è`lbltb î vìk au î `ltborìkib fås`gk ik eudmbr be s`tukïça ib vàdêlg`k iaeàst`gk b fke`d`kr au ib sbus ibpblibltbs. Vbr`gkik k bx`stêlg`k au è`lêlg`k ia r`sga, a korbssar sbrë kfkstkia: @ - pbdk kutarìkib jui`g`kd. @@ - pbda ibdbokia ib padåg`k, quklia a Eul`gåpà lça far sbib ib gaekrgk. @@@ - pbda pad`g`kd, quklia a Eul`gåpà lça far sbib ib gaekrgk b lça mauvbr ibdbokia i`spalåvbd la eaeblta ik iblúlg`k. @V ‗ par kdouek pbssak, lbgbsskr`kebltb ebecra ik fkeåd`k, 6

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lk kusêlg`k ia pad`g`kd i`spalåvbd la Eul`gåpà. Bstça garrbtks saebltb: K) @ b @@. C) @ b @@@. G) @@ b @V. @V. I) @, @@ b @@@. B) @@, @@@ b @V @V..

SBWADRÏÇA: Vbjkeas Vbjkeas a qub las trkz a Krt. ;3-G ik Db` Ekr`k ik ^blmk: Krt. ;3-G. Vbr`gkik k bx`stêlg`k ib r`sga ktukd au è`lbltb  vìk au îb `ltborìkib fås`gk ikibpblibltbs, eudmbr be s`tukïça ib vàdêlg`k iaeàst`gk fke`d`kr, au ib fke`d`kr, sbus a korbssar sbrë èbi`ktkebltb kfkstkia ia dkr, dkr, iae`gådà au dagkd ib galv`vêlg`k gae k afbliìk: (@lgduåia pbdk Db` lº ;7.=3?, ib 3>;0) @ - pbdk kutarìkib jui`g`kd8 @@ - pbda ibdbokia ib padåg`k, quklia a Eul`gåpà lça far sbib ib gaekrgk8 au @@@ - pbda pad`g`kd, quklia a Eul`gåpà lça far sbib ib gaekrgk b lça mauvbr ibdbokia i`spalåvbd la eaeblta ik iblúlg`k. iblúlg `k.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK I 6. EW GALGRSWAW - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Walark - EW A gkepa b gadkcarkiar gadkcarkiarbs bs ibstkgke sacrb ps`gai`kol÷st`ga a qub sb sboub: @- ^s`gai`kol÷st`ga à uek kvkd`kïça ps`gad÷o`gk, fb`tk gae prap÷s`tas gdål`gas b, partklta, lça kcrklob taias as eaibdas ib kvkd`kïça ps`gad÷o`gk ib i`fbrblïks `li`vìuk`s. @@- K becark qubstça ue cës`gk gae qub sb ibfraltk a ps`g÷daoa qub, blgke`lmkeblta sbjk fb`ta, parqub k à pbssak lbgbss`tk ib sucsåiàs pkrk cksbkr uek ibg`sça pkrk rbsadvbr ue pracdbek, eu`tks vbzbs bdk lça skcb ?

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gdkrkebltb qub pbroultks dbvkltkr au, par rkzòbs ib sò`da prassàlkd, fkz ue blgke`lmkeblta vkoa pkrk uek —kvkd`kïç —kvkd`kïça a ps`gad÷o`gk―. @@@- A ps`gai`kol÷s ps`gai`kol÷st`ga t`ga ibr`vau ik ps`gadao`k gdål`gk. I`kltb ia kprbsbltkia, paib-sb krekr qub: k) Kpblks ks krekt`vks @ b @@ bstça garrbtks garrbtks.. c) Kpblks ks krekt`vks @ b @@@ bstça garr garrbtks. btks. g) Kpblks ks kre krekt`vks kt`vks @@ b @@@ bstça garrbtks. i) Yaiks ks krekt`vks bstça ggarrbtks. arrbtks.

SBWADRÏÇA: @YBE @ ‗ GBSYA. GBSYA. Ib fkta, a ps`gai`kol÷st`ga à uek bspàg`b ib kvkd`kïça ps`gad÷o`gk. Gaea bdb tbe prap÷s`tas gdål`gas, lça blodack taik b qukdqubr bspàg`b ib kvkd`kïça. @YBE @@ ‗ GBSYA. GBSYA. Eu`tks vbzbs as blgke`lmkebltas qub gmboke ka ps`g÷daoa passube ibekliks vkoks b èprbg`sks, a qub bxòb ia prassàlkd uek `lvbstòkïça `l`g`kd. @YBE @@@ ‗ GBSYA. GBSYA. A ps`gai`kol÷st`ga ib fkta ibr`vau ik trki`ïça eài`gk b ik ps`gadao`k gdål`gk.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK I ?. GBV-RSGK - 3>;0 - ^rbfb`turk ib Ekur`t Ekur`t`` - GB A pragbssa ia ps`gai`kol÷st`ga paib tbr ue au vëràs acjbt`vas, ibpbliblia ias eat`vas kdbokias au rbk`s ia blgke`lmkeblta b/au ik galsudtk, qub lartb`ke a bdblga ib m`p÷tbsbs `l`g`kdebltb fareudkiks, b ibdè`tke a bsgapa ik kvkd`kïça. Ib kgaria gae Gulmk (;006), as acjbt`vas ek`s gaeuls ib uek kvkd`kïça ps`gad÷o`gk sça kprbsbltkias be taiks ks kdtbrlkt`vks, B]GBYA: k) Ibsgr`ïça c) ^rbvblïça g) ^raol÷st`ga

=

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i) ^bråg`k Farblsb b) Yr`kobe

SBWADRÏÇA: Ib kgaria gae Gulmk, as pr`lg`pk`s acjbt`vas ib uek kvkd`kïça ps`gad÷o`gk la galtbxta gdål`ga sça:

^brgbck qub k tr`kobe, ibsgr`tk lk dbtrk B, lça fkz pkrtb ias ^brgbck acjbt`vas ik kvkd`kïça ps`gad÷o`gk. K tr`kobe à uek eaikdìkib ib bltrbv`stk, b lça ue acjbt`va kvkd`kt`va. OKCKS@YA: DBYSK B 0

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=. FRLGBSL - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Kpai` - SL La pragbssa ib kvkd`kïça ps`gad÷o`gk, k gadbtk ib `lfarekïòbs kprafulikiks sacrb a kvkd`kia, gae faga pr`lg`pkd be kspbgtas m`st÷r`gas, ibsblvadvèbltk`s ibsblvadvèbltk`s b eat`vkgàlk`s qub dbvkrke a `li`våiua ka ps`gai`kol ps`gai`kol÷st`ga, ÷st`ga, iblae`lk-sb k) bltrbv`stk ibvadut`v ibvadut`vk. k. c) bltrbv`stk praol÷st`gk. g) bltrbv`stk gaeprbbls gaeprbbls`vk. `vk. i) bltrbv`stk ib klkelbsb. SBWADRÏÇA: Vbjkeas gkik kssbrt`vk: DBYSK K ‗ BSSKIK. K bltrbv`stk ibvadut`vk v`sk k ikr ue fbbickgh kgbrgk ia pragbssa kvkd`kt`va acjbt`vk pbda qukdpbre`t`r sb sucebtbu a pkg`bltb. Bssk bltrbv`stk ib ibvaduïça ka sujb`ta bxprbsskr sbus pblskebltas b sbltèbltas be rbdkïça îs galgdusòbs b rbgaeblikïòbs ia kvkd`kiar. DBYSK C ‗ BSSKIK. K bltrbv`stk praol÷st`gk acjbt`vk dbvkltkr ikias qub passke kux`d`kr a prassàlkd k fareudkr ue praol÷st`ga kgbrgk ia qukira gdål`ga kprbsbltkia pbda kvkd`kia. DBYSK G ‗ BSSKIK. K bltrbv`stk gaeprbbls`vk cusgk `lvbstòkr `lvbstòkr,, gae ekàr prafuliìkib, kspbgtas ik ps`gai`lãe`gk ia sujb`ta, cusgklia gaeprbblibr sbu s`ltaektadao`k b qukira q ukira gdål`ga. DBYSK I ‗ GBSYK. GBSY K. fulgàlkeblta, K klkelbsb acjbt`vk rbkd`zkr a dbvkltkeblta ibtkdmkia ik m`st÷r`k ib ibsblvadvèblta ik pbssak, gadbtklia kspbgtas qub vça ibsib k `lfãlg`k ktà k ìkib ktukd, fkzblia ue rbsoktb m`st÷r`ga, ibsblvadvèbltkd b eat`vkgàlkd ik vìk ia sujb`ta. À larekdebltb ut`d`zkik la `lågà ia pragbssa ib kvkd`kïça ps`gad÷o`gk.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK I

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

0. G^GAL - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib ^`dòbz`lmas - ^C ^krk Ykvkrbs (3>;>) a ibsblvadvèblta ik kvkd`kïça ps`gad÷o`gk ibltra ik ^s`gadao`k ibpblibu ib bstrktào`ks qub pbre`t`rke ibr`vkr `lfbrêlg`ks sacrb a fulgàlkeblta ia ps`qu`sea muekla. Ibstk farek, gadaqub V pkrk Vbrikib`ra b F pkrk Fkdsa gae rbdkïça k tk`s bstrktào`ks. ( ) Gal Galstruïça struïça ib tbstbs par keastrkobe ib gaepartkebltas au pragbssas. ( ) Galstr Galstruïça uïça ib tbstbs gae cksb l las as galtbúi galtbúias as alår`gas. ( ) Galstruïça ib tbstbs par rbdkïça k orupas sbdbgàlkias gae cksb be gr`tàrà. ( ) Galstr Galstruïça uïça ib tbstbs gae cksb l lkk klëd`sb ik ffkltks`k. kltks`k. K sbquêlg`k GASSBYK à: k) V, F, F, V b V. V. c) V, V, V, V b V. V. g) F, F, F, V b V. V. i) V, F, F, F b F. F. b) F, V, V, F b V. SBWADRÏÇA: Bstk qubstça fa` bxtrkåia ia d`vra Kvkd`kïça ^s`gad÷o`gk: I`rbtr`zbs lk Sboudkebltkïça ik ^rassça (YKVKSBW, 3>;>). Wboulia a kutar, —a ibsblvadvèblta ik kvkd`kïça ps`gad÷o`gk la sbà ik ^s`gadao`k ibpblibu ia ibsblvadvèblta ib bstrktào`ks qub pbre`t`rke pb re`t`rke ibr`vkr `lfbrêlg`ks kgbrgk ia fulgàlkeblta ia ps`qu`sea muekla. Bssks bstrktào`ks paibe sbr i`st`louìks be três orupas: k galstruïça ib tbstbs par keastrkobe ib gaepartkebltas au pragbssas, k galstruïça ib tbstbs par rbdkïça k orupas sbdbgàlkias gae cksb be gr`tàrà b k galstruïça ib tbstbs gae cksb lk klëd`sb ik fkltks`k―. OKCKS@YA: DBYSK K ;;

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;>. EW GALGRSWAW ‗ ^SBF ^SBF.. WALASK WALASK/EW /EW ‗ 3>;0 A G÷iòa ib Àt`gk ^rassàlkd ia ^s`g÷daoa (Sbsaduïça (Sbsaduïça GF^ Lº ;>/3>>2) ;>/3> >2) g`tk, be kdouls ib sbus krtòas, qub a ps`g÷daoa lça paib ut`d`zkr tàgl`gks lça rboudkebltkiks au rbgalmbgìks pbdk prassça. Bsgdkrbgbeas, Bsgdkrbg beas, la bltklta, qub QQQQQQ uek d`stk ib tàgl`gks/ prët`gks QQQQQQQQQQQQ pbda W`stbek Galsbdmas ib ^s`gadao`k. Kssè, quklia fkdkeas be prët`gks rbgalmbgìks, las rbfbrèas ka rbgalmbgèblta kiv`lia ik g`êlg`k, qub à ibsblvadvìa lk kgkibe`k b par ebà ib pbsqu`sks. A Galsbdma Fbibrkd b Galsbdmas Sboàlk`s ib ^s`gadao`k têe a pkpbd ib QQQQQQQQ sb a(k) ps`g÷daoa QQQQQQQ ibsblvadvblia ibsblvadvblia suk fulïça galfareb ibtbre`lk k dbo`sdkïça prassàlkd `libpblibltb ik tbar`k kiatkik la trkckdma ib gkik ps`g÷daoa. Au sbjk, a GS^ prbg`sk sb gbrt`gkr ib qub k prët`gk prassàlkd bstë sblia galiuzìk ibltra ias pkiròbs àt`gas iblìas pbdk dbo`sdkïça garrbdktk. Gaepdbtb as bspkïas gae k kdtbrlkt`vk garrbtk: k) më / pra`cìks / ìbl ìblt`gkr t`gkr / lça bstë c) lça më / rbgalmbgì rbgalmbgìks ks / ìblt`gkr ìblt`gkr / bstë g) lça më / rrbgalmbgìks bgalmbgìks / vvbr`gkr br`gkr / bstë i) më / pr pra`cìks a`cìks / vbr`gkr / lça bs bstë të SBWADRÏÇA: K qubstça fa` bxtrkåik ia s`tb ia Galsbdma Fbibrkd ib ^s`gadao`k, be ue tbxta qub bsgdkrbgb qubstòbs, gae cksb la G÷iòa ib Àt`gk, kgbrgk ik ut`d`zkïça ib eàtaias lça rbgalmbgìas pbdk prassça. La bxgbrta, tbe-sb: Bsgdkrbgbeas, la bltklta, qub lça më uek d`stk ib tàgl`gks/ prët`gks rbgalmbgìks pbda W`stbek Galsbdmas ib ^s`gadao`k. Kssè, quklia fkdkeas be prët`gks rbgalmbgìks, las rbfbrèas ka rbgalmbgèblta kiv`lia ik g`êlg`k, qub à ibsblvadvìa lk kgkibe`k b par ebà ib pbsqu`sks.

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A Galsbdma Fbibrkd b Galsbdmas Sboàlk`s ib ^s`gadao`k têe a pkpbd ib vbr`gkr sb a(k) ps`g÷daoa bstë ibsblvadvblia suk fulïça galfareb ibtbre`lk k dbo`sdkïça prassàlkd `libpblibltb ik tbar`k kiatkik la trkckdma ib gkik ps`g÷daoa. Au sbjk, a GS^ prbg`sk sb gbrt`gkr ib qub k prët`gk prassàlkd bstë sblia galiuzìk ibltra ias pkiròbs àt`gas iblìas pbdk dbo`sdkïça garrbdktk.

OKSKS@YA: DBYSK G ;;. GBV-RSGK ‗ ^SBF ^SBF.. IB EKRS@Y@/GB ‗ 3>;0 Be ibfbsk ik Sbsaduïça >;/00, a Galsbdma Fbibrkd ib ^s`gadao`k kgàlau a Wuprbea Yr`culkd Fbibrkd (WYF). Bltìkib rbqubr bxt`lïça ib kïça jui`g`kd qub ibfblib tbrkp`k ib rbvbrsça sbxukd. Beckskia lk rbsaduïça à @LGASSBYA krekr: k) lça gkcb pr prassàlk`s assàlk`s ik ^s`gadao`k ^s`g adao`k l la a Crks`d a sbxukd, afbrbgè afbrbgèblta bltak ib qukdqubr t`pa ib tbrkp`k ib rbvbrsça uek vbz qub k maeassbxukdìkib lça à galsìbrkik pktadao`k, sboulia k Arokl`zkïça Euli`kd ib Wkúib (AEW). c) [ub k maeassbxukdìkib lça ggalst`tu` alst`tu` iablï iablïk, k, lbe i`stúrcà b lbe pbrvbrsça8 g) [ub k farek ggaea aea gkik ue v`vb suk sbxukdìkib fkz pkrtb ik ìbltìkib ia sujb`ta, k qukd ibvb sbr gaeprbbliìk par pkrtbs8 i) [ub as ps`g÷daoas lç lça a bxbrgbr bxbrgbrça ça qukdqubr kïça qub ffkvar kvarbïk bïk k pktadao`zkïça ib gaepartkebltas au prët`gks maeabr÷t`gks, lbe kiatkrça kïça gabrg`t`v gabrg`t`vkk tblibltb k ar`bltkr maeassbxuk`s pkrk trktkebltas lça sad`g`tkias. b) As ps`g÷d ps`g÷daoas aoas lça ggadkcarkrça adkcarkrça ggae ae bvblt bvbltas as b sbrv`ï sbrv`ïas as qub prapalmke trktkeblta b gurk iks maeassbxukdìkibs.

SBWADRÏÇA: Vkeas ka tbxta ik Sbsaduïça >>;/00: Krt. ;¾ - As ps`g÷daoas ktukrça sboulia as pr`lgåpàs àt`gas ik prassça latkikebltb kqubdbs qub i`sg`pd`lke k lça i`sgrè`lkïça b k praeaïça b cbe-bstkr iks pbssaks b ik mueklìkib.

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

Krt. 3¾ - As ps`g÷daoas ibvbrça galtr`cu`r galtr`cu`r,, gae sbu galmbgèblta, pkrk uek rbbxça sacrb a prbgalgb`ta p rbgalgb`ta b a ibskpkrbgèblta ib i`sgrè`lkïòbs b bstòekt`zkïòbs galtrk kqubdbs qub kprbsbltke gaepartkebltas au prët`gks maeabr÷t`gks. Krt. 7¾ - as ps`g÷daoas lça bxbrgbrça qukdqubr kïça qub fkvarbïk k pktadao`zkïça ib gaepartkebltas au prët`gks maeabr÷t`gks, lbe kiatkrça kïça gabrg`t`vk tblibltb k ar`bltkr maeassbxuk`s pkrk trktkebltas lça sad`g`tkias. ^krëorkfa úl`ga - As ps`g÷daoas lça gadkcarkrça gae bvbltas b sbrv`ïas qub prapalmke trktkeblta b gurk iks maeassbxukdìkibs. Krt. 9¾ - As ps`g÷daoas lça sb pralulg`krça, lbe pkrt`g`pkrça ib pralulg`kebltas púcd`gas, las ebàs ib gaeul`gkïça ib ekssk, ib eaia k rbfarïkr as prbgalgb`tas sag`k`s bx`stbltbs be rbdkïça kas maeassbxuk`s gaea partkiarbs ib qukdqubr ibsaribe psåqu`gk.

Ybeas, partklta, qub a GF^ kcarik k qubstça la sbltìa ib lça trktkr k maeassbxukdìkib blquklta pktadao`k. Lbssb sbltìa, k úl`gk kdtbrlkt`vk `lgarrbtk `lgarrbtk à k DBYSK G, qub krek qub k ìbltìkib ias sujb`tas suj b`tas ibvb sbr gaeprbbliìk par pkrtbs, quklia lk vbrikib bdk ibvb sbr gaepr gaeprbbliìk bbliìk be suk tatkdìkib, galsìbrklia kspbgtas càps`gassag`k`s b as ibtbre`lkltbs m`st÷r`ga-gudturk`s blvadadvìas la pragbssa ib galstruïça ìblt`tër`k. OKSKS@YA: DBYSK G ;3. @LWY@YRYA K KAG^ AG^ - 3>3> - ^rbfb`turk ib Sbg`fb - ^B Galfareb Galf areb a Bstktuta ik ^bssak @iask, k prbvblïça b k eklutblïça ik skúib ia ìasa sbrça bfbt`vkiks par ebà K) ia gkikstrkeblt gkikstrkeblta a ik papudkïça ìask be cksb ttbrr`tar`kd. brr`tar`kd. C) ik prët`gk ib bspartbs b ib i`v i`vbrsòbs. brsòbs. G) ik pkrt`g`pkï pkrt`g`pkïça ça lk vì vìkk fke` fke`d`kr d`kr b ggaeul`tër`k. aeul`tër`k. I) ik fkgud fkgudikib ikib ib cusgkr rrbfúoà, bfúoà, kuxådà b ar`bltkïça ar`bltkïça.. B) ik `lv `lvàdkc`dìkib àdkc`dìkib i ikk `ltborìk `ltborìkib ib fås`gk, ps psåqu`gk åqu`gk b ear earkd, kcrkloblia k prbsbrvkïça ik èkobe, ik ìbltìkib, ik kd, kutalae`k, ib vkdarbs, ìb`ks b grblïks, ias bspkïas b ias acjbtas pbssak`s.

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SBWADRÏÇA: Vbjkeas Vbjkeas a qub las trkz a Krt. ;2, § ;º ia Bstktuta ia @iasa: Krt. 3¾ - As ps`g÷daoas ibvbrça galtr`cu`r galtr`cu`r,, gae sbu galmbgèblta, pkrk uek rbbxça sacrb a prbgalgb`ta p rbgalgb`ta b a ibskpkrbgèblta ib i`sgrè`lkïòbs b bstòekt`zkïòbs galtrk kqubdbs qub kprbsbltke gaepartkebltas au prët`gks maeabr÷t`gks. Krt. 7¾ - as ps`g÷daoas lça bxbrgbrça qukdqubr kïça qub fkvarbïk k pktadao`zkïça ib gaepartkebltas au prët`gks maeabr÷t`gks, lbe kiatkrça kïça gabrg`t`vk tblibltb k ar`bltkr maeassbxuk`s pkrk trktkebltas lça sad`g`tkias. ^krëorkfa úl`ga - As ps`g÷daoas lça gadkcarkrça gae bvbltas b sbrv`ïas qub prapalmke trktkeblta b gurk iks maeassbxukdìkibs. Krt. 9¾ - As ps`g÷daoas lça sb pralulg`krça, lbe pkrt`g`pkrça ib pralulg`kebltas púcd`gas, las ebàs ib gaeul`gkïça ib ekssk, ib eaia k rbfarïkr as prbgalgb`tas sag`k`s bx`stbltbs be rbdkïça kas maeassbxuk`s gaea partkiarbs ib qukdqubr ibsaribe psåqu`gk.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK K ;7. FB^BWB - 3>3> - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib @tkjkå - WG Kss`lkdb k kdtbrlkt`vk garrbtk las tbreas ik Db` lª ;>.?9;, ib ;ª ib autucra ib 3>>7, qub i`spòb sacrb a Bstktuta ia @iasa. K) K acròkïça kdèbltkr à ibv ibvbr br ik fkeåd`k fkeåd`k,, lça paiblia a ìasa aptkr bltrb as prbstkiarbs. C) Las vbågudas i ibb trklspartb gadbt`v gadbt`va, a, sbrça rbsbrv rbsbrvkias kias 3>% ias kssbltas pkrk as ìasas. G) À pbre`tìk k i` i`sgrè`lkïça sgrè`lkïça ia ìasa las pdkla pdklass ib skúib, gae k gacrklïk ib vkdarbs i`fbrblg`kias be rkzça ik ìkib. I) Be taia ktblièblt ktblièblta a ib skúib, as ekàrbs ib a`tbl a`tbltk tk klas tbrça prbfbrêlg`k bspbg`kd sacrb as ibek`s ìasas, bxgbta be gksa ib bebroêlg`k. B) À kssbourkik pràrìkib lk lk trke`tkïça ias prag pragbssas bssas jui`g`k`s be qub ourb gaea pkrtb au `ltbrvbl`bltb pbssak gae ìkib òukd au supbràr k 22 klas.

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

SBWADRÏÇA: Vkeas klkd`skr ks kdtbrlkt`vks: DBYSK K ‗ BSSKIK. Las tbreas ia krt. ;3 ia Bstktuta ia @iasa, k acròkïça kdèbltkr à sadìër`k, paiblia a ìasa aptkr bltrb as prbstkiarbs. DBYSK C ‗ BSSKIK. Las vbågudas ib trklspartb gadbt`va ib qub trktk bstb krtòa, sbrça rbsbrvkias ;>% (ibz par gblta) ias kssbltas pkrk as ìasas, ibvìkebltb ìblt`gkias gae k pdkgk ib rbsbrvkia prbfbrblg`kdebltb pkrk ìasas. DBYSK G ‗ BSSKIK. Lblmuek i`sgrè`lkïça à pbre`tìk! Kffbbb! DBYSK I ‗ GBSYK. GBSYK. À k prbv`sça ia Krt. ;2, § ?º - Be taia ktblièblta ib skúib, as ekàrbs ib a`tbltk klas tbrça prbfbrêlg`k bspbg`kd sacrb as ibek`s ìasas, bxgbta be gksa ib bebroêlg`k (@lgduåia pbdk Db` lº ;7.966, ib 3>;?):

DBYSK B ‗ BSSKIK. À kssbourkik pràrìkib lk trke`tkïça ias pragbssas jui`g`k`s be qub ourb gaea pkrtb au `ltbrvbl`bltb pbssak gae ìkib òukd au supbràr k 6> klas.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK I ;9. FRLIB^ (Obstça ib Galgursas) - 3>3> 3>3> - ^rbf ib C Ckrça krça ib Gagk`s - EO As i`rb`tas fulikebltk`s ias ìasas bstça ibsgr`tas be vëràs gkpåtudas ik Db` lº ;>.?9;, ib ;º ib autucra ib 3>>7, qub i`spòb sacrb a Bstktuta ia @iasa b ië autrks pravìêlg`ks. Wacrb bssbs i`rb`tas fulikebltk`s, à `lgarrbta krekr:

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K) A i`rb`ta î d`cbr d`cbrikib ikib gaeprbblib gaeprbblib kspbgtas tk`s gaea gaea k fkgudikib ib `r, v`r b bstkr las daorkiauras púcd`gas b bspkïas gaeul`tëràs, rbsskdvkiks rbsskdvkiks rbstr`ïòbs dbok`s, be`t`r ap`l`ça b bxprbssça, prkt`gkr bspartbs b i`vbrsòbs, bltrb autrks bdbebltas. C) A ìasa tbe i i`rb`ta `rb`ta î pr prbvblïça bvblïça b î e eklutblïça klutblïça î skúib, qub sbrça bfbt`vkiks par ebà ib gkikstrkeblta ik papudkïça ìask be cksb tbrr`tar`kd, ktblièblta obr`ëtr`ga b obraltad÷o`ga obraltad÷o`g a be kecudkt÷ràs, b ib ktblièblta be ulìkibs obr`ëtr`gks ib rbfbrêlg`k, bspbg`kd`zkiks lks ërbks ib obr`ktr`k b obraltadao`k sag`kd. G) La qub sb rbf rbfbrb brb î pr prassàlkd`zkïça assàlkd`zkïça b kka a trkckdma, a ìasa lça tbe i`rb`ta k qukdqubr bxbrgågà prassàlkd, `libpblibltbebltb ib suks gali`ïòbs fås`gks, `ltbdbgtuk`s b psåqu`gks. I) À i`rb`ta ia ìasa kkgbsskr gbsskr k uek earki earki`k `k iòlk, qub paibrë sbr gae k fkeåd`k lkturkd au sucst`tutk, ibskgaepklmkia, sb t`vbr bssb ibsbja b, k`lik, be `lst`tu`ïça púcd`gk au pr`vkik.

SBWADRÏÇA: Acsbrvb qub k cklgk qubr k kdtbrlkt`vk @LGASSBY @LGASSBYK K b k DBYSK G tbe ue brra korkltb. Vbjkeas, î duz ias krtòas 36 b 3? ia Bstktuta ia @iasa: Krt. 36. A ìasa tbe i`rb`ta ka bxbrgågà ib kt`vìkib prassàlkd, rbspb`tkiks suks gali`ïòbs fås`gks, `ltbdbgtuk`s b psåqu`gks. Krt. 3?. 3?. Lk kie`ssça ia ìasa be qukdqubr trkckdma au beprboa, à vbikik k i`sgrè`lkïça b k xkïça ib dè`tb eëxèa ib ìkib, `lgdus`vb pkrk galgursas, rbsskdvkias as gksas be qub k lkturbzk ia gkroa a bxò`r.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G ;2. FRLGBSL ‗ ^SBF ^SBF.. IB KÂI@/SL ‗ 3>;0 Iagueblta ps`gad÷o`ga qub gals`stb be gbrt`gkr, gae fulikeblta be ue i`kol÷st`ga ps`gad÷o`ga, ps`gad÷o`ga, uek ibtbre`lkik

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

s`tukïça, bstkia au fulgàlkeblta ps`gad÷o`ga, ps`gad÷o`ga, tblia gaea lkdìkib krekr ks gali`ïòbs ps`gad÷o`gks ib qube, par rbqubrèblta,, a sad`g`tk. Bssb iagueblta à iblae`lkia rbqubrèblta k) ktbstkia ps`gad÷o`ga. c) rbdkt÷rà ps`gad÷o`ga. g) ibgdkrkïça ps`gad÷o`gk ps`gad÷o`gk.. i) pkrbgbr ps`gad÷o`ga.

SBWADRÏÇA: K qubstça ibsgrbvb, galf galfareb areb k rbgbltb Sbsaduï Sbsaduïça ça >>6/3>;0, a KYBWYKIA ^W@GAD×O@GA. Vkeas vbr quk`s sça suks pr`lg`pk`s gkrkgtbråst`gks:

OKSKS@YA: DBYSK K

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

;6. GBV-RSG GBV-RSGK K - 3>;0 - ^r ^rbfb`turk bfb`turk ib Ekur`t` - GB Be sb trktklia iks fareks ib kie`l`strkïça ib galffi`tas, bltblib-sb Kgaeaikïça, gaea: k) Rek kt`tuib `lkssbrt`vk, gaapbrkt`vk b kutassk kutasskgr`gkltb, gr`gkltb, a apasta ib gaepbt`r. c) Rek kt`tuib kssbrt` kssbrt`vk vk b lça ggaapbrkt`vk, aapbrkt`vk, alib prbvkdbgb prbvkdbgb a usa ia paibr. g) uek kt`tuib ``lkssbrt`vk lkssbrt`vk b lç lça a ggaapbrkt`vk. aapbrkt`vk. i) Rek pas`ïça `ltbrebi`ër`k bltrb kssbr kssbrt`vìkib t`vìkib b gaapbrkïça. A `li`våiua pragurk saduïòbs eutukebltb kgb`tëvb`s, qub skt`sfkïke pkrg`kdebltb pkrg`kdebltb as ia`s dkias. b) Rek kt`tui kt`tuibb tklta kssbrt`vk quklta gaapbrkt`vk. SBWADRÏÇA: Vkeas fkzbr uek rëpìk rbv`sça kgbrgk iks pasturks qub paibe sbr kiatkiks la blfrbltkeblta ib ue gal`ta:

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

DBYSK K ‗ GBSY GBSYK. K. Galfareb paibeas vbr la bsqubek suprkeblgàlkia, k dbtrk K ibsgrbvb a bst`da ib Kgaeaikïça. DBYSK C ‗ BSSKIK. K dbtrk C ibsgrbvbu a bst`da ib Gaepbt`ïça. DBYSK G ‗ BSSKIK. K dbtrk G trauxb a bst`da ib Kfkstkeblta. DBYSK BSSKIK. Bstk K dbtrk I ibsgrbvb a bst`daa ib Kgaria. DBYSK I B ‗‗ BSSKIK. kdtbrlkt`vk ibsgrbvb bst`da ib Gadkcarkïça.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK K

;?. GBV-RSGK - 3>;0 - ^rbfb`turk ib Ekur`t ;?. Ekur`t`` - GB Ibltrb ks tbar`ks ik eat`vkïça mueklk, kcarikiks lk `ltbri`sg`pd`lkrìkib bltrb k ^s`gadao`k b k Kie`l`strkïça, paibsb g`tkr k tbar`k eat`vkgàlkd eat `vkgàlkd ib Iauodks EgOrboar EgOrboar,, cksbkik la bltblièblta ib qub bx`stbe ia`s bst`das ib kie`l`strkïça8 k tbar`k ] b k P. Wboulia k rbfbrìk tbar`k: k) K tbar`k P fulik-sb lk ggbrtbzk brtbzk ib qub a maebe à, ibsib sbeprb, prbou`ïasa, ibsacbi`bltb, ibspravìa ibspravìa ib kec`ïòbs b, quklia passåvbd, kvbssa k rbspalskc`dìkibs. rbspalskc`dìkibs. c) ibltra ib gk gkik ik sbr muekla bx`s bx`stb tb uek m`brkr m`brkrqu`k qu`k ib g`lg g`lga a lbgbssìkibs. g) A t`pa ib kie`l`strkiar kie`l`strk iar P pragurk, gae suk kt`tuib ibeagrët`gk, kjuikr as beprbokias k kekiurbg kekiurbgbr br,, bxpalia-as k ue galtrad galtradb bxtbrla praorbss`vkebltb praorbss `vkebltb eblar b ib`xklia-as kssue`r gkikbvbz ek`s a kutagaltradb. i) As FFktarbs ktarbs Eat`vkgàlk`s rbfbrbe-sb ka gkroa b î lkturbzk ik tkrbfk ibsbepblmkik, sblia, partklta, galtradëv galtradëvb`s b`s pbda `li`våiua b qub ibvbe dbvkr ka rbgalmbgèblta b î vkdar`zkïça prassàlkd, gude`lklia gae k kutarrbkd`zkïça. b) Farke ìblt`gkias fktar fktarbs bs lks pbss pbssaks aks qub ibeal ibealstrke strke prbi`spas`ïça pkrk dutkr par sugbssa. ^krk bdb as låvb`s ib ibsbepblma bdbvkia b ib sugbssa ias bxbgut`vas bstça garrbdkgàlkias garrbdkg àlkias gae uek orklib lbgbssìkib ib rbkd`zkïça. SBWADRÏÇA: ^krk rbspalibr î qubstça, vkeas rbv`skr k Ybar`k Ybar`k ] b P ib EgOrboar:

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

YBAS@K ] b P IB EgOSBOAS: • YBAS@K ] ‗ pbssaks lça oastke ib trkckdmkr par lkturbzk b ibvbe sbr gakoìks pkrk qub kt`ljke sbus acjbt`vas8 • YBAS@K P ‗ pbssaks lça ibsoastke ia trk trkckdma ckdma b sb kutai`ròbe quklia bstça gaepraebtìks. DBYSK K ‗ BSSKIK. K dbtrk K ibsgrbvbu k Ybar`k ], b lça k P. DBYSK C ‗ BSSKIK. Bssb galgb`ta à ik tbar`k iks lbgbssìkibs ib Eksdaw, b lça ib EgOrboar. DBYSK G ‗ GBSYK. Galfareb vèas, k tbar`k P prbssupòb qub ks pbssaks lça ibsoastke ia trkckdma, partklta a kie`l`strkiar paib ibsblvadvbr uek kt`tuib ibeagrët`gk, fkvarbgblia a grbsgèblta ib gkik ue, galfareb ibsgrbvbu k kssbrt`vk. DBYSK I ‗ BSSKIK. Lkik k vbr gae k Ybar`k ] b P ib EgOrboar, galgarik1 DBYSK B ‗ BSSKIK. K dbtrk B tkecàe lça trkz galgb`tas ik tbar`k ] b P.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G

;=. FOV - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk iibb Wkdvkiar - C CK K [uklia uek arokl`zkïça, par ebà ib sbus obstarbs, praeavb caks gali`ïòbs ib mò`blb, skúib b sbourklïk pkrk sbus sbrvìarbs, bdkpas`t`vks galtr`cu`las pkrk k skt`sfkïça iks pbssaks, rbpbrgussòbs rbpbrgussò bs rbsudtkias arokl`zkgàl arokl`zkgàlk`s. k`s. gae Wacrb a qukira galmbgìa gaea Wåliraeb ib Curlaut, eu`tks vbzbs ìblt`gkia be prassàlk`s ik ërbk ib skúib, kss`lkdb k apïça qub kprbsbltk sbus fktarbs gkrkgtbråst`gas. k) K ibspbrs ibspbrsalkd`zkïça, alkd`zkïça, gkrkgtbr`zki gkrkgtbr`zkikk par ìbkïça ib lkturbzk eklåkgk, b a `sadkeblta sag`kd. c) K iè`lu`ï iè`lu`ïça ça ia kcs kcsbltbåsea, bltbåsea, be ibgarrêlg`k ia ibs`ltbrbssb b `rr`tkc`dìkib gae ks ibekliks ia trkckdma. g) A sbltèblta sbltèblta ib bsoatkeblta fås`ga b beagàlkd, gae rbiuïça ik gkpkgìkib ib praiuïça b ib vòar la trkckdma. i) Ks prët`gks i ibb kssàià earkd ibsgblibltb bltrb gadbo gadboks ks ib

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

trkckdma sbe rbdkïça ib sucari`lkïça. b) A kueblta ik rbs`d`êlg`k rbs`d`êlg`k gaea gaea rbspastk ka bstrbss bstrbssbb grùl`ga ibgarrbltb ibgarrbl tb iks gacrklïks ib ibsbepblma.

SBWADRÏÇA: K Wåliraeb ib Curlaut, gaeuebltb acsbrvkik

be prassàlk`s ik ërbk ik skúib b be prassòbs ib guìkia, à ue bstkia ib bsoatkeblta fås`ga, ebltkd, `ltbdbgtukd b beagàlkd bxtrbeas. À uek galsbquêlg`k ib bxpas`ïça k låvb`s ib bstrbssb pradalokia la trkckdma, obrklia i`stklg`keblta iks rbdkïòbs pbssak`s b rbiuïça ia sbltèblta ib rbkd`zkïça pbssakd. Bsqubekt`zklia:

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

;0. @tkeb - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Kv Kvbd`l÷pad`s bd`l÷pad`s - OA Ib kgaria gae Gkepas (3>;?) a sucs`stbek ib trb`lkeblta i`z rbspb`ta k gkpkg`tkïça iks pbssaks pkrk lavks fulïòbs b rbspalskc`dìkibs, au sbjk, à farlbgbr k uek pbssak gaepbtêlg`ks pkrk qub bdk sb tarlb mkc`d`tkik k garrbspalibr garrbspalibr ka qub k beprbsk qubr. As trb`lkebltas qub tbe par acjbt`va trklse`t`r kas lavas fulgàlëràs ks `lfarekïò `lfarekïòbs bs cës`gks sacrb gaea fulgàlk k arokl`zkïça sça as praorkeks ib k) bstëoà. c) `ltborkïça ias fulgàlëràs. g) ibsblvadvèblta ibsblvadvèblta ib pbssakd. i) ibsblvadvèblta ib gaepbtêlg`ks. gaepbtêlg` ks. SBWADRÏÇA: K qubstça (ekeça-gae-kïúgkr!) ibsgrbvb ue t`pa bspbgåga ib trb`lkeblta qub larekdebltb à rbkd`zkia quklia ik galtrktkïça ib lavas fulgàlëràs: à a trb`lkeblta ib `ltborkïça, qub gaea a pr÷prà laeb suobrb, v`sk k trklse`t`r kas lavktas ks `lfarekïòbs cës`gks kgbrgk ia fulgàlkeblta ik arokl`zkïça.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK C 3>. KEKRG - 3>;0 - ^r ^rbfb`turk bfb`turk ib @të - WG Bsfarïa pkrk kt`lo`r qukdqubr acjbt`va. Re pragbssa ib `ltblsìkib, i`rbïça b pbrs`stêlg`k ias bsfarïas ib uek pbssak pkrk a kdgklgb ib uek ibtbre`lkik ebtk. Ks ibl`ïòbs kgèk bstça rbdkgàlkiks k: k) Ibprbssça c) Ibsprblièblta g) Dìbrklïk i) Eat`vkïça b) Gkrëtbr

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

SBWADRÏÇA: Ek`s uek qubstça cbe fëg`d pkrk vagê lça ibsklèkr! Eat`vkïça à ue èpudsa qub fkz gae qub ks pbssaks kjke pkrk kt`lo`r sbus acjbt`vas. Blvadvb fblùeblas beagàlk`s, càd÷o`gas b sag`k`s b à ue pragbssa rbspalsëvbd par `l`g`kr, `l`g`kr, i`rbgàlkr b ekltbr gaepartkebltas rbdkgàlkias gae a gueprèblta ib acjbt`vas.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK I

3;. FRLS@A - 3>;0 - ^rbfb`turk ib ârta ib Eaz - ^K Wacrb a kssàià vbrt`gkd au ibsgblibltb à @LGASSBYA krekr: k) A beprbokiar, ka uskr ib suk supbràr supbràrìkib ìkib m`brërqu`gk pkrk galstrklobr ue sucari`lkia, prkt`gk a kssàià vbrt`gkd au ibsgblibltb. c) A qub sb vbr vbr`gk `gk la kssàià vbrt`gkd à k ut`d`zkïça ia paibr ib gmbk pkrk ls ib vbrikib`ra kcusa ib i`rb`ta ia paibr i`rbt`va b i`sg`pd`lkr, cbe gaea, pkrk bsqu`vkr-sb iks galsbquêlg`ks trkckdm`stks. g) A qub agarrb la kssàià kssàià à qub ks kt`tuibs ia korbssar korbssar bxtrkpadke a paibr pktralkd b kt`lobe k pbssak ia beprbokia b lça k suk kt`vìkib. i) À bxbepda ib kssàià vbrt`gkd a gksa i ia a beprbokiar qub tbltklça galvblg galvblgbr br apkokr beprbokia k pbi`r a sbu ibsdòkeblta pkrk tbr qub ks vbrcks rbsg`s÷r`ks `lbrbltbs `lbrbltbs k uek i`spblsk èat`vkik. b) A fblù fblùebla ebla paib ibgarrbr ibgarrbr ib kta pktralkd, pktralkd, gals`stbltb gals`stbltb la bståeuda î r`vkdìkib bltrb sbus beprbokias.

SBWADRÏÇA: K qubstça trktk ia kssàià vbrt`gkd. Vkeas kpravb`tkr kpravb`tkr pkrk rbv`skr taia a kssulta, par ebà ia qukira bsqubeët`ga kck`xa:

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK B 33. FRLS@A - 3>;0 - ^rbfb`turk ib ârta ib Eaz - ^K K eat`vkïça à a ibsbja ib bxbrgbr kdtas låvb`s ib bsfarïa be i`rbïça k ibtbre`lkias acjbt`vas arokl`zkgàlk` arokl`zkgàlk`s, s, gali`gàlkias gali`gàlki as pbdk: k) V`lgudkïça ib rrbgaepblsks bgaepblsks ka ibsbepblma. ibsbepblma. c) Actblïça ia sug sugbssa bssa pbda gaepartkeblta. gaepartkeblta. g) Gkpkgìkib ib sskt`sfkzbr kt`sfkzbr acjbt`vas `li`vìuk`s. i) Bdbvkik skt`sfkï skt`sfkïça ça prassàlkd. b) Vk Vkdìkib dìkib ib qubstàlkebltas qubstàlkebltas agupkgàlk`s.

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

SBWADRÏÇA: [ubstça padêe`gk, mkjk v`stk qub, kpkrbltbebltb, më ek`s ib uek kdtbrlkt`vk ib rbspastk passåvbd. Yaikv`k, Yaikv`k, k Cklgk pkrbgb tbr rbt`rkia k krekïça ia kutar Gm`kvblkta, Gm`kvblkta, qub krek qub k eat`vkïça à a ibsbja ib bxbrgbr kdtas låvb`s ib bsfarïa be i`rbïça kgkpkgìkib ibtbre`lkias acjbt`vasacjbt`vas arokl`zkgàlk`s, gali`gàlkias pbdklça ib skt`sfkzbr `li`vìuk`s. Ib taia eaia, galsìbra qub k kdtbrlkt`vk K bstbjk `lgarrbtk, tkepauga k dbtrk I. Eks a okckr`ta ag`kd fa` ebsea k dbtrk G.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G 37. FRLS@A - 3>;0 - ^rbfb`turk ib ârta ib Eaz - ^K Bluebrkr taiks ks tkrbfks b rbspalskc`d rbspalskc`dìkibs ìkibs ktr`cuåiks ka sbu agupkltb à k ktr`cu`ïça ia sbtar ib Sbgursas Mueklas iblae`lkik: k) Galtrktkïça/rbo`stra. c) @ltborkïça. g) Sbgrutkeblta. i) Yrb`lkeblta b ibsblvadvèblta. b) Ibsgr`ïça ib gkroas.

SBWADRÏÇA: K qubstça ibsgrbvb garrbtkebltb a pragbssa ib

ibsgr`ïça ib gkroas. Vkeas kpravb`tkr pkrk rbv`skr kdouls galgb`tas cës`gas la tbek Gkroas, b Gkrrb`rks: •GKSOA: agupkïça ag`kd ia beprbokia. âsta par bdb agupkia agup kia lk beprbsk8 •FRLÏÇA: galjulta ib ktr`cu`ïòbs qub a beprbokia, bstklia la gkroa, ibsbepblmkrë8 •GKSSB@SK: sbquêlg`k ib fulïòbs b gkroas ib a `li`våiua kssueb ka daloa ib suk trkjbt÷r`k prassàlkd8

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

•IBWGS@ÏÇA IB GKSOAW: d`stkobe ib kt`vìkibs qub a beprbokia ibsbepblmkrë8 •KLËD@WB IB GKSOAW: vbr`gkïça ib ktr`cu`ïòbs fås`gks b ebltk`s lbgbssër`ks qub a agupkltb ia gkroa tblmk pkrk paibr ibsbepblmkr ks kt`vìkibs galtìks lk ibsgr`ïça ib gkroas.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK B 39. FRLS@A - 3>;0 - ^rbfb`turk ib ârta ib Eaz - ^K - ^s`g÷da ^s`g÷daoa oa K kie`l`strkïça ib rbgursas mueklas à galst`tuåik ib ue galjulta krt`gudkia ib kt`vìkibs, supalia qub as rbsudtkias ibsbjkias pbdk arokl`zkïça paibe sbr actìas par ebà ib uek kïça vadultkr`k b praorkekik be tbreas iks fulïòbs ib: k) Ktrk`r, Ktrk`r, sbdbgàlkr, rbtbr, rbtbr, `lgblt`vkr, `lgblt`vkr, trb`lkr, trb`lkr, kvkd`kr b rbeulbrkr pbssaks. c) Rek prbagu prbagupkïça pkïça gbltr gbltrkd kd ib taia taia bxbgut`v bxbgut`va a be qukd qukdqubr qubr arokl`zkïça. g) Vëràs kkspbgtas, spbgtas, ggaea aea k gudturk qu qubb bx`stb be gkik arokl`zkïça. i) ^kiròbs pkrk galtrktkïça. b) Cusgkr sad saduïòbs uïòbs gr`kt`v gr`kt`vks, ks, kepd`klia-sb kepd`klia-sb k ktukïça ik ërbk ib

obstça ib pbssaks pkrk uek pbrspbgt`vk bstrktào`gk. SBWADRÏÇA: K kie`l`strkïça ib Sbgursas Mueklas (au ek`s gaeuebltb gmkekik ib Obstça ib ^bssaks) prbssupòb k rbkd`zkïça ib ue galjulta krt`gudkia ib kt`vìkibs, qub paibe sbr arokl`zkiks be sb`s sucs`stbeks, k skcbr:

;. Korbokr pbssaks: rbgrutkeblta, sbdbïça b prav`sça ib pbssakd8 3. Kpd`gkr pbssaks: gkroas b skdëràs, ibsblma arokl`zkgàlkd, klëd`sb b ibsgr`ïçapbssaks: ib gkroas, kvkd`kïça ibb ibsbepblma8 7. Sbgaepblskr rbeulbrkïça cblbfågàs8 9. Ibsblvadv Ibsblvadvbr br pbssaks: trb`lkeblta b ibsblvadvèblta, ibsblvadvèblta, kprbli`zkobe, pdklbjkeblta ib gkrrb`rk8

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

2. Sbtbr pbssaks: qukdìkib ib vìk la trkckdma, mò`blb b sbourklïk ia trkckdma, broalae`k, gali`ïòbs ps`gad÷o`gks b kec`bltk`s8 6. Eal`tarkr pbssaks: kgaepklmkeblta b galtradb.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK K 32. FRLGBSL - 3>;0 - ^rbfb`turk ib Kpai` - SL A galjulta ib mëc`tas b grblïks, bstkcbdbgìas par ebà ib lareks, vkdarbs, kt`tuibs b bxpbgtkt`vks bx pbgtkt`vks gaepkrt`dmkik gaepkrt`dmkikss par taias as ebecras ib uek arokl`zkïça iblae`lk-sb k) gdèk arokl`zkgàlkd. arokl`zkgàlkd. c) gaeul`gkïça arokl`zkgàlkd. g) gudturk arokl`zkgàlkd. i) b g`êlg`k arokl`zkgàlkd. arokl`zkgàlkd. SBWADRÏÇA: [ubstça cbe trklqu`dk! A galjulta ib mëc`tas bb bxpbgtkt`vks grblïks, bstkcbdbgìas par ebà lareks, vkdarbs, ib kt`tuibs gaepkrt`dmkiks parib taias as ebecras uek arokl`zkïça iblae`lk-sb gudturk arokl`zkgàlkd. Vkeas kpravb`tkr pkrk rbv`skr sbus pr`lg`pk`s bdbebltas:

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

^SBWWRÂWYAW CËW@GAW: ^SBWWRÂWYAW • Låvbd ek`s prafulia ik gudturk arokl`zkgàlkd b, partklta, a ek`s i`fåg`d ib sbr kdtbrkia. • Yrktk-sb iks grblïks gbltrk`s, prbe`ssks fulikebltk`s b ek`s gr`kiarbs ik arokl`zkïça. •prafuliks Vbrikibs Vbrikiias bs `lqubstàlëvb`s, låvbd `lgalsg`bltb. VKDASBW: • Gaepartkebltas v`stas gaea kgb`tëvb`s au `lkgb`tëvb`s ibltra ik arokl`zkïça. • Lareks b rborks ib galiutk b pasturk bspbrkik ias ebecras. • Låvbd galsg`bltb, eadik as gaepartkebltas. KSYBFKYAW: • @lstruebltas ut`d`zkias pkrk trklse`t`r b galsadìkr k gudturk arokl`zkgàlkd.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G 36. Fulikïça GBFBYC GBFBYCKM@K KM@K - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Ckrrb`rks - CK Odkug`k gaepkrbgbu î âd`gdål`gk gae pkrkd`s`k las ebecras `lfbràrbs. Be kvkd`kïça lburad÷o`gk, as kgmkias fås`gas bvìblg`ke `lgaepkt`c`dìkib `lgaepkt`c`dìkib bltrb a s`ltaek b ks gali`ïòbs eài`gks blgaltrkiks. Sbdktk bstkr beagàlkdebltb eac`d`zkik gae a qukira, bssblg`kdebltb par jë kprbsbltkr pbriks la trkckdma b la galvåvà sag`kd. A qukira ibsgr`ta à gaepktåvbd gae as gr`tàràs i`kol÷st`gas ia trklstarla:

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k) ibd`rkltb. c) galvbrs`va. g) lburaèulad÷o`ga.

i) i`se÷rga garparkd. b) fkgtågà b sèudkïça.

SBWADRÏÇA: A blulg`kia ik Cklgk ibsgrbvb a trklstarla galvbrs`va, tkecàe gmkekia ib trklstarla ib s`ltaeks lburad÷o`gas fulgàlk`s. Vkeas vbr quk`s sça as gr`tàràs i`kol÷st`gas ibssb trklstarla, galfareb a IWE-V:

YSKLWYASLA GALVBSW@VA Eu`tas gdål`gas uske tbreas kdtbrlkt`vas gaea —fulgàlkd― (rbfbr`liasb ka fulgàlkeblta klarekd ia s`stbek lbrvasa gbltrkd) au —ps`gaoêl`ga― (rbfbr`lia-sb k uek btàdao`k prbsueìk) pkrk ibsgrbvbr as s`ltaeks ia trklstarla galvbrs`va (trklstarla ib s`ltaeks lburad÷o`gas fulgàlk`s). Lbdb, paib mkvbr ue au ek`s s`ltaeks ib i`vbrsas t`pas.

W`ltaeks eatarbs `lgdube frkqubzk au pkrkd`s`k8 eavèbltas klarek`s, gaea trbear au eavèbltas i`stùl`gas8 klarekdìkibs ik ekrgmk8 b pasturk klarekd kl arekd ib ebecra.

W`ltaeks sblsar`k`s `lgdube sblskïça gutãlbk, v`sça au kui`ïça kdtbrkiks, rbiuzìks au kusbltbs. Bp`s÷iàs ib trbearbs oblbrkd`zkias oblbr kd`zkias ib ebecras gae kpkrbltb prbjuåza au pbrik ib galsg`êlg`k paibe kssbebdmkr-sb k galvudsòbs bp`dàt`gks (tkecàe iblae`lkiks galvudsòbs ps`gaoêl`gks au lça bp`dàt`gks). âib mkvbr bp`s÷iàs ib kusêlg`k ib rbspastk sbebdmkltbs k sålgapb au gaek. Autras s`ltaeks `lgdube vadueb ik fkdk rbiuzìa au kusbltb (i`sfal`k/ kfal`k), krt`gudkïça kdtbrkik (i`skrtr`k), uek sblskïça ib —cadk―au gkraïa lk okrokltk (odacus) b i`pdap`k.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK C

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3?. GAYBG - 3>;0 - ^rbfb`turk ib Yurekd`lk 3?. urekd` lk - EO Kss`lkdb k kdtbrlkt`vk qub galtàe s`ltaek au trkïa ib bstruturk kprbsbltkia be sujb`tas kgaebtìas par trklstarla m`stàr`ga au ka pbrvbrsa (pkrk d`k): k) K pbssak sbltb-sb acròki acròkikk k —oastkr― —oastkr― ib uek ga`sk, ebsea galtrk suk valtkib. c) A sujb`ta kprbsbltk ue uekk skt`sf skt`sfkïça kïça sucst`tut`v sucst`tut`vkk qub ke`úi ke`úibb kpkrbgb be i`sfkrgb sèc÷d`ga. g) K pbssak kprbsbltk gaepartkeblta gaepartkeblta bx`c`gàl`stk. bx`c`gàl`stk. i) A sujb`t sujb`ta a kpr kprbsbltk bsbltk sbltèbl sbltèblta ta ib gudpk.

SBWADRÏÇA: Ib kgaria gae a IWE-V IWE-V,, A tbrea pkrkd`k rbprbsbltk qukdqubr `ltbrbssb sbxukd `ltblsa b pbrs`stbltb qub lça kqubdb vadtkia pkrk k bstèudkïça obl`tkd au pkrk gkråg`ks prbdè`lkrbs gae pkrgb`ras mueklas qub galsbltbe b kprbsbltke fbl÷t`pa larekd b ekturìkib fås`gk. As trklstarlas pkrkfåd`gas paibe sbr:

√ Yrklstarla vaybur`stk (bsp`kr autrks pbssaks be kt`vìkibs pr`vkiks)8 √ Yrklstarla bx`c`g` bx`c`gàl`stk al`stk (bxpar as obl`tk`s obl`tk`s)8 )8 √ Yrklstarla fr frattbur`s attbur`stk tk (tagkr au bsfrbokr-sb be `li`våiu `li`våiua a qub lça galsbltù)8 √ Yrklstarla ia eksaqu`s eksaqu`sea ea sbxukd (pksskr par mue`dm mue`dmkïça, kïça, suce`ssça au safrèblta)8 √ Yrklstarla ia sk ski`sea i`sea sbxukd (`lò`r mue`dmkïça, suce`ssça au safrèblta)8 √ Yrklstarla pbiafåd` pbiafåd`ga ga (faga sbxukd be gr`klïks gr`klïks)8 )8 √ Yrklstarla ffbt`gm`s bt`gm`stk tk (uskr acjbtas `lklèkias au tbr ue faga kdtkebltb bspbgåga be pkrtbs lça obl`tk`s ia garpa)8 b √ Yrklstarla trklsvàst`ga (vbst`r rraupks aupks ia sbxa apasta v`sklia bxg`tkïça sbxukd). ^brgbck ^brg bck qub, ib kdoue eaia, taias bdbs èpd`gke lk kprbsbltkïça ib ue gaepartkeblta bx`c`gàl`stk. OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G

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3=. @lst`tuta Bxg Bxgbdêlg`k bdêlg`k - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Sà Lava - EO Kgbrgk Kgbr gk ia fulgàlkeblta larekd b pktad÷o`ga ia ps`qu`sea muekla kss`lkdb k kdtbrlkt`vk GASSBYK: k) A larekd lça à uek eài`k gar garrbdkt`vk rbdkt`vk k ue ggalgb`ta algb`ta ssag`kd, ag`kd, lça à ue judokeblta ib rbkdìkib, à ue judokeblta ib vkdar, à uek laïça-dè`tb qub ib lb a eëxèa ib gkpkgìkib psåqu`gk ib ue sbr. c) A larekd à ue kgaltbgèblt kgaltbgèblta a padêe`ga, pracdbeët`ga. pracdbeët`ga. g) A pktad÷o`g pktad÷o`ga a lça à ue galg galgb`ta b`ta bstët`g bstët`ga a au pkgåg pkgåga, a, b sè ue galgb`ta i`lãe`ga b padêe`ga. i) Lblmuek iks kdtbrlkt`vks. kdtbrlkt`vks. SBWADRÏÇA: Vbjkeas gkik kdtbrlkt`vk. DBYSK K ‗ GBSY GBSYK. K. A galgb`ta ib larekdìkib ibr`vk ib —larek―, qub qubr i`zbr kqu`da qub sb blgk`xk, qub tbe farek rboudkr. rboudkr. K klarekdìkib sbr`k bltça kqu`da qub sb kfkstk ik larek, s÷ qub bstk à bstkcbdbgìk k pkrt`r ib galgb`tas gudturk`s. Au sbjk, k larek lkik ek`s à ia qub ue galgb`ta vkdarkt`va b gudturkd, qub qub bstkcbdbgb k pkrt`r ib grblïks, vkdarbs b gastuebs ib uek ibtbre`lkik sag`bikib, ib tkd eaia qub uek s`ltaektadao`k paib sbr galsìbrkik larekd be uek ibtbre`lkik gudturk, blquklta qub be autrk, lça. DBYSK C ‗ BSSKIK. Lk vbrikib, à a klarekd qub à galsìbrkia padêe`ga b pracdbeët`ga. DBYSK G ‗ BSSKIK. A pktad÷o`ga à kqu`da qub sb kfkstk ik larek. Lbssb sbltìa, sbu galgb`ta à pkgåga k pkrt`r ia admkr ik gudturk qub a bstkcbdbgb. Lk vbrikib, a galgb`ta ib larekdìkib à qub à i`lãe`ga b padêe`ga, jë qub a galgb`ta ib pktad÷o`ga à ek`s sèpdbs ‗ à kqu`da qub sb kfkstk ik larek. A pracdbek bstë be ibl`r a qub à larekd b a qub lça à!

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK K

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30. @lst`tuta Bxg Bxgbdêlg`k bdêlg`k - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Sà Lava - EO Wacrb kdouls t`pas ib trklstarlas bspbgågas ib pbrsalkdìkib, kss`lkdb k kdtbrlkt`vk GASSBYK: k) Yrklstarla bsqu`za` bsqu`zaìb: ib: prbiae`lk k ibsgalklïk, sbls`c`dìkib bxgbss`vk bxgbss`vk k galtrkr`biki galtrkr`bikibs, bs, sbltèblta ib sbeprb bstkr sblia prbjui`gkia par tbrgb`r tbrgb`ras, as, kt`tuibs ib kutarrbfbrêlg`k. c) Yrklstarla pkrklaìb: prbiaeålà ia ibskpboa, ibs`ltbrbssb par galtkta sag`kd, rbtrkèblta kfbt`va, i`gudikib pkrk bxpbrèbltkd prkzbr, `ltraspbgïça. g) Yrklstarla m`str`ùl m`str`ùl`ga: `ga: prbvkdbgb a boagbltr` boagbltr`sea, sea, ck`xk tadbrãlg`k î frustrkïça, tbktrkdìkib b supbrg`kdìkib, kdàe ik lbgbssìkib ib actbr k ktblïça ib taias. i) Lblmuek iks kdtbrlkt`vks. kdtbrlkt`vks.

SBWADRÏÇA: Vbjkeas ks kdtbrlkt`vks. DBYSK K ‗ BSSKIK. K qubstça `lvbrtbu as galgb`tas iks dbtrks K b C. A trklstarla pkrklaìb à qub kprbsbltk ibsgalklïk, sbls`c`dìkib bxgbss`vk bxgbss`vk k galtrkr`biki galtrkr`bikibs, bs, sbltèblta ib sbeprb bstkr sblia prbjui`gkia par tbrgb`r tbrgb`ras, as, kt`tuibs ib kutarrbfbrêlg`k. DBYSK C ‗ BSSKIK. ibsgr`ïça garrbspalib ka trklstarla bsqu`zaìb, b lça kaKpkrklaìb. DBYSK G ‗ GBSYK. Ib fkta, a trklstarla ib pbrsalkdìkib m`str`ùl`gk prbssupòb prbvkdêlg`k ia boagbltr`sea, ck`xk tadbrãlg`k î frustrkïça, tbktrkdìkib b supbrg`kdìkib, kdàe ik lbgbssìkib ib actbr k ktblïça ib taias.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G

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7>. @lst`tuta Bxg Bxgbdêlg`k bdêlg`k - 3>;0 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Sà Lava - EO A Yrklstarla Kfbt`va C`padkr (YKC) à galsìbrkia ue trklstarla grùl`ga,, gkrkgtbr`zkia pbdk bx`stêlg`k ib bp`s÷iàs kouias b grùl`ga rbgarrbltbs ib kdtbrkïça pktad÷o`gk ia muear. Wacrb a YKC kss`lkdb k kdtbrlkt`vk GASSBYK: k) A YKC à uek iks orklibs gkusks ib `lgkpkgìkib, tklta pkrk maebls gaea pkrk eudmbrbs, euli`kdebltb. c) A YKC frbqubltbebltb kgaebtb as `li`våiuas la `lågà ib suks vìks bsgadkrbs. g) K ìkib eài`k kpr kpraxèkik axèkik ib `lågà ias prè prèb`ras b`ras s` s`ltaeks ltaeks ib YKC à kas ;2 klas ib ìkib. i) Lblmuek iks kdtbrlkt`vks. kdtbrlkt`vks. SBWADRÏÇA: Ib kgaria gae k Arokl`zkïça Euli`kd ib Wkúib (AEW), a Yrklstarla Yrklstarla Kfbt`va C`padkr à uek iks pr`lg`pk`s gkusks ib `lgkpkgìkib la eulia, v`sta qub paib kgkrrbtkr pbrturckïòbs pbr turckïòbs be taiks ks bsfbrks ik vìk ia sujb`ta, `lgdu`lia a ãec`ta fke`d`kr, fke`d`kr, sag`kd b agupkgàlkd, tklta be maebls quklta be eudmbrbs.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK K 7;. EW GALGRSWAW - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Walark - EW À uek iablïk ik pbrsalkdìkib tatkd, qub kfbtk k zalk gbltrkd ia bu b kdtbrk taik bstruturk v`vblg`kd. Gudturkdebltb, Gudturkdebltb, bssk iablïk rbprbsbltk a bstbrb÷t`pa ia —dauga―, ue `li`våiua qub praiuz orklib bstrklmbzk sag`kd ibvìa ka sbu ibsprbza pkrk gae k rbkdìkib rbgalmbgìk. Ko`lia gaea kdouàe qub raepbu ks kekrrks ik galgariãlg`k gudturkd, eblasprbzk k rkzça b pbrib k d`cbrikib ib bsgkpkr îs suks fkltks`ks. A laeb ia galgb`ta ibsgr`ta à: k) ^s`gasb rbkt`vk. c) Yrklstarla caibrd`lb. g) Bsqu`zafrbl`k. i) Ibprbssça orkvb.

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SBWADRÏÇA: Kgrbi`ta qub k pkdkvrk-gmkvb ia blulg`kia, qub tb kjuik k ektkr k qubstça, à —bstrklmbzk―. Dbecrb-sb ib qub k pkdkvrk —bsqu`za― ibr`vk ib bsqu`s`ta, `lkikptkia. K Bsqu`zafrbl`k à galsìbrkik uek iablïk ik pbrsalkdìkib tatkd, jë qub kfbtk taik bstruturk v`vblg`kdiaia—dauga―, sujb`ta.raepblia Gudturkdebltb, a bsqu`zafrêl`ga blgkrlk a bstbrb÷t`pa gae ks kekrrks ik galgariãlg`k gudturkd b eblasprbzklia k rkzça.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G 73. EW G GALGRSWAW ALGRSWAW - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Walark - EW Fulïòbs ebltk`s, gaea sblskïça, pbrgbpïça pbrgbpïça,, ktblïça, ebe÷r`k, pblskeblta, d`loukobe, eat`vkïça, kprbli`zkobe btg, sça gkrkgtbr`zkiks lk ps`gadao`k par: k) ^ragbssas ^s`gad÷o`gas Cës`gas. c) Skgàgålà. g) ^ragbssa Gaol`t`va. i) Kprbli`zkobe Wag`kd b Beagàlkd.

SBWADRÏÇA: Wça fulïòbs psåqu`gks fulikebltk`s, au pragbssas ps`gad÷o`gas cës`gas:

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK K

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77. GBV-RSG GBV-RSGK K - 3>;0 - ^r ^rbfb`turk bfb`turk ib Ekur`t` - GB —Wu`gåià, tbepa ib prbvblïça, tbek ib eu`tks prassòbs. Gaepdbxa Gaepdbx a b tkcu be i`vbrsks sag`bikibs, pracdbek lça à trktkia gaea qubstça ib skúib púcd`gk.― Latk ia Galsbdma Fbibrkd ib ^s`gadao`k. Wacrb bstk tbeët`gk à `lgarr `lgarrbta bta bxprbsskr qub: k) A su`gåià su`gåià,, ka sbr galsìbrkia gaea pracdbek pracdbek `li`vìukd, `li`vìukd, lça à rbgalmbgìa gaea qubstça ib skúib púcd`gk. âr `ssa, kdoueks kïòbs prbvblt`vks lça sça kibqukiks, parqub ibsgalsìbrke ibsgalsìbr ke lkturbzk eudtìbtbre`lkik ia fblùebla b okrklt`k ib kpartb trklsi`sg`pd`lkr. c) A su`gåià fa` fa` k sboulik pr pr`lg`pkd `lg`pkd gkusk ib ib eartb bltrb javbls ib ;2 k 30 klas be taia a eulia be 3>;2 b ?=% ibdbs agarrbrke agarrbrk e be pkåsbs ib ck`xk b eài`k rblik. g) ^krk a GF^ GF^,, k ktukïça ib prassàlk`s ik ^s`gadao`k lk prbvblïça ka su`gåià ibvb bxtrkpadkr ks `ltbrvblïòbs bstr`tkebltb `li`vìuk`s b cusgkr k gaeprbblsça iks gali`ïòbs ib vìk qub paibe galtr`cu`r pkrk praiuz`r safrèbltas ebltk`s `ltblsas. i) A pkpbd ik ^s`gadao`k à kgadmbr b rbssòl`g rbssòl`gkr kr bssbs safrèbltas, k pkrt`r ia bltblièblta ib gaea sça praiuzìas lks sag`k`s, gae`lstãlg`ks autras gkepas iam`st÷r`gks skcbr. b gudturk`s, sbeprb be i`ëdaoa b) La pklarkek sacrb a su`gåià, a ktukd gblë gblërà rà padåt`ga kpaltk pkrk ue praorbssa la ^dkla Lkgàlkd ib Wkúib Ebltkd, supbrklia k d÷o`gk ekl`gae`kd b ebi`gkd`zkltb, qub vk` ka blgaltra ib uek sàr`b ib galqu`stks jë èpdbebltkiks la ãec`ta ik rbfarek ps`qu`ëtr`gk crks`db`rk b euli`kd.

SBWADRÏÇA: Dbecrb-sb qub qub qubrbeas k rbspastk BSSKIK. K ue cbda pklarkek ia gblërà kaqubstça su`gåiàtrkz lk ktukdìkib. Ks kdtbrlkt`vks ib K ib k Iblfrbltkeblta ibsgrbvbe gae prèkz`k a gblërà crks`db`ra b a pkpbd ik ^s`gadao`k la blfrbltkeblta ik qubstça. Jë k dbtrk B trkz uek `lfarekïça apastk 

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qub paibeas blgaltrkr la s`tb ia GF^, GF^, qub i`z: —La pklarkek sacrb a su`gåià, më ib sb rbbt`r, k`lik, qub a ktukd gblërà padåt`ga kpaltk pkrk ue rbtragbssa la ^dkla Lkgàlkd ib Wkúib Ebltkd, blsbjklia ue rbtarla  d÷o`gk ekl`gae`kd b ebi`gkd`zkltb, eb i`gkd`zkltb, qub vk` ib blgaltra k uek sàr`b ib galqu`stks jë èpdbebltkiks la ãec`ta ik rbfarek ps`qu`ëtr`gk crks`db`rk b euli`kd.―

(mttps://s`tb.gfp.aro.cr/su`gìà-prbvblgka-trklsi`sg`pd`lkr/) OKCKS@YA: DBYSK B

79. GBV-RSG GBV-RSGK K - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Ekur`t` - GB —Be obrkd, quklia sb bstuike as s`ltaeks ps`gapktad÷o`g ps`gapktad÷o`gas, as, ia`s kspbgtas cës`gas gastueke sbr blfagkias blfagkias―― (IKDOKDKSSALIA, 3>>=, p.3=). Wça bdbs: k) Farek b Galtbúia c) Farek b W`lk`s g) A Bstkia Ebltkd b Fås`ga i) Galtbúia b Kpkrêlg`k b) Larekdìkibs bstktåst`gk b W`lk`s

Ib kgaria gae quklia ia bstuia ias SBWADRÏÇA: s`ltaeks ps`gapktad÷o`gas, ia`sIkdokdkrralia, kspbgtas sça blfagkias: OKCKS@YA: DBYSK K

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72. GAE^BS GAE^BSVB VB - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib ^krlke`rè - SL Ib kgaria gae k 2ª bi`ïça ia eklukd I`kol÷st`ga b Bstktåst`ga ib Yrklstarlas Ebltk`s (IWE-2), as gr`tàràs i`kol÷st`gas pkrk trklstarla ib s`ltaeks saeët`gas rbqubrbe qub as pkg`bltbs bstbjke prbagupkias gae k fkdsk grblïk ib qub têe uek iablïk orkvb, gae cksb be suk fkdsk `ltbrprbtkïça ib s`lk`s au sblskïòbs fås`gks. ^krk `ssa, à lbgbssërà qub k) a pkg`bltb kprbsbltb kdtbrkïòbs ib muear bxkobrkiks qu qubb vça eu`ta kdàe ib uek sèpdbs euiklïk ib muear au ib uek `lstkc`dìkib beagàlkd. c) k grblïk iurb, pbda eblas, sb`s ebsbs ebsbs b kpr kprbsbltb bsbltb k `ltblsìkib ib ue ibdårà. g) a `li` `li`våiua våiua kkprbsbltb prbsbltb kgmkiasbpktad÷o`gas be bxkebs eài`gas b kgmkias lburad÷o`gas rupturk ia galtkta kfbt`va. i) k grblïk iurb, pbda eblas eblas,, sb`s ebsbs, kpbskr ik kusêlg`k i ibb kgmkias pktad÷o`gas be bxkebs eài`gas b lburad÷o`g lburad÷o`gas. as.

SBWADRÏÇA: As trklstarlas saektafarebs bstça koark ibsgr`tas la IWE-V lk gktboar`k ias Yrklstarlas ib W`ltaeks Waeët`gas. Yk`s trklstarlas kprbsbltke as sbou`ltbs gr`tàràs i`kol÷st`gas:

YSKLYASLA IB W@LYAEKW WAEËY@GAW K. Re au ek`s s`ltaeks saeët`gas qub gkuske k`ïça au rbsudtke be pbrturckïça sòl`gkt`vk ik vìk i`ër`k. C. ^blskebltas, sbltèbltas au gaepartkebltas bxgbss`vas rbdkgàlkias kas s`ltaeks saeët`gas au kssag`kias kprbagupkïòbs gae k skúib ekl`fbstkias par pbda eblas ue ias sbou`ltbs: ;. ^blskebltas ibsprapargàlk`s b pbrs`stbltbs kgbrgk ik orkvìkib ias pr÷pràs s`ltaeks. 3. Låvbd ib kls`bikib pbrs`stbltbebltb bdbvkia kgbrgk ik skúib b ias s`ltaeks.

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7. Ybepa b blbro`k bxgbss`vas ibi`gkias k bssbs s`ltaeks au k prbagupkïòbs k rbspb`ta ik skúib. G. Becark kdoue ias s`ltaeks saeët`gas passk lça bstkr galt`lukebltb prbsbltb, k gali`ïça ib bstkr s`ltaeët`ga à pbrs`stbltb (be obrkd ek`s ib sb`s ebsbs). OKCKS@YA: DBYSK I 76. GAE^BS GAE^BSVB VB - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib ^krlke`rè - SL Gaeprbblib-sb Gaepr bblib-sb qub k ps`gapktadao`k ps`gapktadao`k à a bstuia g`bltåga ias trklstarlas ps`gad÷o`gas. Lbssk pbrspbgt`vk, k i`sfulïça ps`gad÷o`gk rbfbrb-sb k uek k) prbvkdêlg`k ib trklstarlas saeët`gas. c) eai`gkïça la s`st s`stbek bek sag`kd ia `li`v `li`våiua. åiua. g) i`gudikib ib ekltbr as rrbgursas bgursas boa`gas. i) `ltbrrupïça la fulgàlke fulgàlkeblta blta gaol gaol`t`va, `t`va, beag beagàlkd àlkd au gaepartkebltkd. SBWADRÏÇA: Vbjkeas gkik uek iks kdtbrlkt`vks. DBYSK K ‗ BSSKIK. Lbe taik ps`gapktadao`k kprbsbltkrë ibsaribls saeët`gks. Ibvbeas dbecrkr qub a gkepa g kepa ik ps`gapktadao`k à eu`ta kepda b sça `lúebras as trklstarlas b iablïks ebltk`s qub paibe bx`st`r.. Gkik ue ias qukiras gdål`gas kprbsbltkrë uek s`ltaektadao`k bx`st`r i`st`ltk. DBYSK C ‗ BSSKIK. Ik ebsek farek qub lk dbtrk K, kqu` ibvbeas galsìbrkr qub lbe taik ps`gapktadao`k èpd`gk be eai`gkïòbs ia s`stbek sag`kd ia `li`våiua, kpbskr ib `ssa sbr ckstkltb gaeue be orklib pkrtb ias gksas. DBYSK G ‗ BSSKIK. Eu`tks ps`gapktadao`ks prbsbrvke as rbgursas boa`gas, taikv`kkrekr kprbsbltkrça i`sfulïòbs be autrks ërbks,be ib eaia qub à `lgarrbta qub taik ps`gapktadao`k èpd`gkrë i`sfulïòbs boa`gks. DBYSK I ‗ GBSYK. GBSYK. Vbjk qub k kdtbrlkt`vk I fkdk be `ltbrrupïça ia

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fulgàlkeblta gaol`t`va, au beagàlkd, au gaepartkebltkd, sblia gbrta qub taik b qukdqubr ps`gapktadao`k kgaebtbrë pbda eblas uek ibssks fulïòbs.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK I 7?.. Fulikïça GBFBYCKM@ 7? GBFBYCKM@K K - 3>;0 - ^rbfb`turk ib Ckrrb`rks Ckrrb`rks - CK Yrblt`l` bt kd (3>>0) galgb`tuke k pbrsalkdìkib gaea a galjulta ib gkrkgtbråst`gks ias `li`våiuas, sblia úl`gk b qub a i`fbrblg`k ias ibek`s, cksbkik be pkiròbs gals`stbltbs ib sbltèbltas, pblskebltas b gaepartkebltas gaepartkebltas.. Më k`lik QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ, qub rbprbsbltk(e) tbliêlg`ks rbdkt`vkebltb bstëvb`s lk farek ib pblskr, sblt`r b ktukr gae ks pbssaks, gkrkgtbr`zkli a, galtuia,iks pass`c`dìkibs ibsbu euiklïks, gaeagkrkgtbr`zklia, praiuta iks `ltbrkïòbs pbssaks gae ebà sag`kd (W@WYA8 AD@VB@SK, 3>>? kpui YSBLY@L@ YSBLY@L@ bt kd, 3>>0). K kdtbrlkt`vk qub prbblgmb, garrbtkebltb, k dkgulk ia trbgma kgèk à k) ks bstruturks gdål`gks c) as kspbgtas ia gkrëtbr g) as bdbebltas lbur÷t`gas i) a iaspbrsalkdìkib g`lga fktarbs b) aseaibda trkïas ib SBWADRÏÇA: K kdtbrlkt`vk qub ebdmar gaepdbtk a bspkïa be crklga à k dbtrk B: Më trkïas ib pbrsalkdìkib qub rbprbsbltk(e) tbliêlg`ks rbdkt`vkebltb bstëvb`s lk farek ib pblskr, pblskr, sblt`r b ktukr gae ks pbssaks, gkrkgtbr`zklia, galtuia, pass`c`dìkibs ib euiklïks, gaea praiuta iks `ltbrkïòbs iks pbssaks gae sbu ebà sag`kd. K pkdkvrk pbrsalkdìkib i`z rbspb`ta k kt`tuibs b pkiròbs gaepartkebltk`s tåp`gas ib ue ibtbre`lkia `li`våiua. Jë as trkïas ib pbrsalkdìkib i`fbrbe ib ue `li`våiua pkrk autra, sblia, bltrbtklta, rbdkt`vkebltb galstkltbs b bstëvb`s be gkik ue ib l÷s.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK B

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7=. GAYBG - 3>;0 - ^r ^rbfb`turk bfb`turk ib Yurekd` urekd`lk lk - EO Galsìbrb Galsì brb k krekt`vk: A `lgalsg`bltb `lgalsg`bltb à bstruturkia gaea uek d`loukobe. Gae cksb lbssk krekt`vk, klkd`sb ks prapas`ïòbs kck`xa b ekrqub k kdtbrlkt`vk GASSBYK. k) Bssk à uek eklb`rk ib bxprbsskr k rbv`sça q qub ub Dkgkl ffbz bz ib ue ias quktra galgb`tas fulikebltk`s ik tbar`k ib Frbui. c) Bssk à uek ibl` ibl`ïça ïça arò`lkd, ggalfareb alfareb k tbar`k ib Wòeul Wòeuli i Frbui. g) Bssb à ue galgb`t galgb`ta a ibtbre`lki ibtbre`lkia a par _`l _`ll`gat, l`gat, lk suk acrk —K gr`klïk b a sbu eulia―. i) Bssk ibl`ïça fa` dkrokebltb i`fuliìk par Br`gm Fraee, k pkrt`r ik rbdb`turk ik acrk ib Frbui. SBWADRÏÇA: K qubstça kcarik ue ias galgb`tas fulikebltk`s ik acrk ib Dkgkl ‗ k bstruturkïça ia `lgalsg`bltb blquklta d`loukobe. Dkgkl fa` i`sgåpuda ib Frbui b rbv`s`tau taik suk acrk, fkzblia kpaltkebltas qub a dbvkrke k sb i`fbrblg`kr ia orklib ebstrb. A kutar prapùs qub a `lgalsg`bltb sb bstruturk gaea uek d`loukobe, kgbssåvbd par ebà ik fkdk.

Dkgkl pastudau qub bx`stbe >7 gkepas ib rbo`stra psåqu`ga: OKCKS@YA: DBYSK K

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70. GAYBG - 3>;0 - ^r ^rbfb`turk bfb`turk ib Yurekd` urekd`lk lk - EO Klkd`sb k ibl`ïça ib pbrsalkdìkib k sbou`r: —^brsalkdìkib à iblìk gaea uek gadbïça ib pkiròbs ib gaepartkeblt gaepartkeblta. a. W`tukïòbs i`fbrbltbs bvagke i`fbrbltbs pkiròbs ib rbspastks. Gkik rbspastk `li`vìukd à cksbkik kpblks be bxpbr`êlg`ks pràv`ks.― K kdtbrlkt`vk GASSBYK qub `li`gk a sbu kutar à: k) Currmus Frbibr`g Wh`llbr. c) Wòeuli Frbui. g) Gkrd Julo. i) Mkls Bysblgh. SBWADRÏÇA: [ubstça >=>> prk vagê! Fkdau be gaepartkeblta acsbrvëvbd, pkirça ib rbspastk au pkiròbs ib gaepartkeblta, èbi`ktkebltb vagê prbg`sk pblskr be WH@LLBS b YBAS@K GAEÂSYKEBLYKD! ^krk Wh`llbr, a gaepartkeblta à `lublg`kia par bvbltas ktuk`s, b lça bvbltas pksskias au ik `lfãlg`k. As pkiròbs ib galiutk ib ue `li`våiua ibpblibe ib suk trkjbt÷r`k ib vìk, ik kprbli`zkobe ib gaepartkebltas b ib pragbssas rbfarïkiarbs b pul`t`vas. ^krk a Cbmkvàr`sea, a gaepartkeblta à fruta ib bståeudas kec`bltk`s, b lça ib eaibdas ebltk`s. K klëd`sb gaepartkebltkd vk` sbr cksbkik be galgb`tas ib Wh`llbr b ib ^kvdav,, ib bståeuda-rbspastk, ib rbfarïa b pul`ïça b ib kqu`s`ïça ib ^kvdav gaepartkeblta par ebà ik acsbrvkïça ias pkrbs (`luêlg`k ia ebà sag`kd lk galiutk mueklk):

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK K

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9>. GAYBG - 3>;0 - ^rbfb`turk ib Yurekd`lk urekd` lk - EO Klkd`sb ks krekt`vks kck`xa k rbspb`ta ib Frbui b suk acrk. Be sbouìk, ekrqub V pkrk ks vbrikib`rks b F pkrk ks fkdsks: ( ) Fr Frbui bui bxpdarau ërbks ik ps ps`qub `qub qub brke i`sg i`sgrbtkebltb rbtkebltb acsgurbgìk acsgurbgìks s pbdk earkd b dasak v`tar`klks. ( ) A trkckdma ib Fr Frbui bui galtbstau tkcus gudturk`s, rbdòàsas, sag`k`s b g`bltågas. ( ) K v`sça ib FFrbui rbui sacrb k ggali`ïça ali`ïça mueklk af afbrbgb brbgb ue eaia gaepdbxa b ktrkbltb ib pbrgbcbr a ibsblvadvèblta larekd b klarekd. ( ) Wòeuli Frbui lksgbu la i`k 6 ib ekà ib ;=26, lk gìkib ib V`blk, gkp`tkd ik Ëustr`k. Ekrqub k kdtbrlkt`vk qub kprbsbltk k sbquêlg`k GASSBYK, ib gèk pkrk ck`xa: k) F, V, V, V, V, V. V. c) F, V, V, V, V, F. F. g) V, F, F, F, F, V. V. i) V, V, V, V, V, FF..

SBWADRÏÇA: Vbjkeas gkik ue ias `tbls. @YBE @ ‗ VBSIKIB@SA. VBSIKIB@SA . Ibàpagk, fkta, fkta, Frbui pastudau galgb`tas eu`ta vkloukri`stks pkrk k suk ibskklia galgb`tas eark`s b das÷gas tìas gaea `lqubstàlëvb`s. Wbu faga lk sbxukdìkib fbz gae qub suk acrk fassb par vbzbs ekd `ltbrprbtkik. @YBE @@ ‗ VBSIKIB@SA. Gaea vèas lk kssbrt`vk kltbràr, Frbui kgrbi`tkvk qub a èpudsa sbxukd brk k blbro`k eat`vkgàlkd prèër`k ik vìk mueklk. @eko`lb a èpkgta i`ssa lk àpagk! @YBE @@@ ‗ VBSIKIB@SA. VBSIKIB@SA. Gbrtkebltb, k tbar`k frbui`klk lça à lkik sèpd`stk. @YBE @V ‗ FKDWA. FKDWA. Lk vbrikib, Frbui à kustråkga, kpbskr ib tbr sb euikia gae k fkeåd`k pkrk V`blk kas >9 klas ib ìkib b tbr fb`ta fkgudikib ib Ebi`g`lk lk Rl`vbrsìkib ib V`blk.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK I

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9;. GAYBG - 3>;0 - ^rbfb`turk ib Yurekd`lk urekd` lk - EO Klkd`sb a bxgbrta k sbou`r: Bssb —tb÷r`ga cksb`k sbu trkckdma las gaepartkebltas acsbrvëvb`s iks pbssaks b klèk`s. Wuk kvbrsça b k ibsgalklïk ib bxpd`gkïòbs ebltk`s, sucjbt`vks, `ltbrvbl`bltbs au ”gtåg`ks‐ dbvkrke-la k prapar fareks i`st`ltks ib acsbrvkïça, i`sgussça b gaeprbblsça ik pbrsalkdìkib―. Kss`lkdb k kdtbrlkt`vk qub kprbsbltk a kutar gkrkgtbr`zkia kgèk. k) Gkrd Sklsae Saobrs. c) Frbibr`gh W. ^brds. g) Currmus Frbibr`g Wh`llbr. i) Kdfrbi Kidbr. SBWADRÏÇA: Dbecrb-sb! [uklia k qubstça fkdkr be gaepartkeblta, pkirça ib rbspastk au pkiròbs ib gaepartkeblta, èbi`ktkebltb vagê prbg`sk pblskr be WH@LLBS b YBAS@K GAEÂSYKEBLYKD! ^krk Wh`llbr, a gaepartkeblta à `lublg`kia par bvbltas ktuk`s, b lça bvbltas pksskias au ik `lfãlg`k. As pkiròbs ib galiutk ib ue `li`våiua ibpblibe ib suk trkjbt÷r`k ib vìk, ik kprbli`zkobe ib gaepartkebltas b ib pragbssas rbfarïkiarbs b pul`t`vas. ^krk a Cbmkvàr`sea, a gaepartkeblta à fruta ib bståeudas kec`bltk`s, b lça ib eaibdas ebltk`s.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G 93. @lst`tuta Bxg Bxgbdêlg`k bdêlg`k - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Sà Lava- EO Bstk tbar`k i`z rbspb`ta ka ibsblvad ibsblvadvèblta vèblta ias pragbssas ib pblskeblta ib uek pbssak. Bdk tkecàe klkd`sk gaea bssbs pragbssas ib pblskeblta `lffiublg`ke k eklb`rk gaea bltblibeas b `ltbrkoèas gae a eulia. Bstkeas sb rbfbr`lia k: k) Ybar`k ib ^`kobt ia Ibsblvadvèblta Gaol`t`va. c) Ybar`k ia Kprbli`zkia Wag`kd ib Ckliurk.

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g) Ybar`k Wagàgudtu Wagàgudturkd rkd ib Vyoatshy. i) Lblmuek iks kdtbrlkt`vks. kdtbrlkt`vks. Jbkl ^`kobt galsìbrau qub k (kprbli`zkia, pbrsalkdìkibgalstruïça sb SBWADRÏÇA: ibsblvadvb k pkrt`r ib pragbssas gaol`t`vas b rbgalstruïça ia pblskeblta). âr ebà ik e`lugàsk acsbrvkïça ias sbus dmas b pr`lg`pkdebltb ib autrks gr`klïks, ^`kobt èpudsàlau k Ybar`k Ybar`k Gaol`t`vk, alib prapòb k bx`stêlg`k ib quktra bstëoàs ib ibsblvadvèblta gaol`t`va la sbr muekla:

^brgbck qub ks fksbs ia ibsblvadvèblta ib ^`kobt fagke las ^brgbck pragbssas pragb ssas ib pblskeblta b gaea bdbs `lublg`ke lk eklb`rk gaea bltblibeas b `ltbrkoèas gae a eulia. OKCKS@YA: DBYSK K

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97. @lst`tuta Bxg Bxgbdêlg`k bdêlg`k - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Sà Lava - EO Lbstk fksb k gr`klïk gaebïk k gklkd`zkr k d`cìa pkrk kt`vìkibs sag`k`s. Frbui Frbui i`z qub bbdk dk gaebïk k eadikr a boa b supbrboa. Bdk bltrk lk bsgadk b `ltbrkïça gae as gadboks à eu`ta èpartkltb pkrk bdk. Bstkeas sb rbfbr rbfbr`lia `lia k qukd fksb: k) Fksb Obl`tkd la ibsblvadvèblta `lfklt`d. c) Fksb ib dktêlg`k. dktêlg` k. g) Fksb fëd`gk. i) Lblmuek iks kdtbrlkt`vks. kdtbrlkt`vks. SBWADRÏÇA: ^krk Frbui, ks fksbs ia ibsblvadvèblta ik pbrsalkdìkib bstça rbdkgàlkiks  blbro`k psåqu`gk iks pudsòbs ‗ par `ssa sça gmkekiks ib fksbs ia ibsblvadvèblta ps`gassbxukd. Wça bdks:

Vkeas rbv`skr gkik uek ibdks gae k tkcbdk k sbou`r:

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OKCKS@YA: DBYSK C 99. EW G GALGRSWAW ALGRSWAW - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Walark - EW A g`gda v`tkd gaeprbblib a pbråaia ik fbgulikïça ktà k vbdm`gb, sbou`lia ue ibsblvadvèblta galtålua qub tbre`lk gae k eartb ia `li`våiua. Bssb g`gda bstë prbsbltb be taias as sbrbs v`vas. Ib kgaria gae ^`kobt, quk`s sça as bstëoàs au pbråaias ib ibsblvadvèblta ia sbr muekla1 k) Bstëoà prè` prè`t`va, t`va, Bstëoà ib ps`gadao`k `loêluk, Bstëoà ik fkdk boagêltr`gk, Bstëoà ib grbsgèblta `ltbràr. c) ^bråaia ggalklïk alklïk vs vs.. ibsgalk ibsgalklïk, lïk, ^bråaia ^bråaia kutalae`k vs. vbroalmk b iúvìk, ^bråaia `l`g`kt`vk vs. gudpk, ^bråaia praiut`vìkibb vs. @lfbràrìkib. praiut`vìki @lfbràrìkib. g) Bstëoà ar arkd, kd, Bstëoà klkd, Bstëo` Bstëoà a fëd`ga, fëd`ga, Bstëo` Bstëoà a obl`tkd. i) ^bråaia sbls÷ràsbls÷rà-eatar eatar,, ^bråaia prà-apb prà-apbrkgàlkd, rkgàlkd, ^ ^bråaia bråaia apbrkgàlkd-galgrbta, apbrkgàlkd-ga lgrbta, ^bråaia apbrkïòbs-far apbrkïòbs-farek`s. ek`s.

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SBWADRÏÇA: Jbkl ^`kobt prapùs quktra btkpks pkrk a ibsblvadvèblta:

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK I

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

92. GBV-RSG GBV-RSGK K - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Ekur`t` - GB Wboulia ^`kobt, a bstëoà iks apbrkïòbs farek`s trkz gaea gkrkgtbråst`gks: k) Gkrkgtbr`zk-sb, pr`lg`pkdebltb, pbdk `l `ltbràr`zkïça tbràr`zkïça ib bsqubeks. c) A ibsblvadvèblta ibsblvadvèblta fås`ga, qub à a supartb pkrk a kpkrbgèblta ib lavks mkc`dìkibs. g) A pbl pblskeblta skeblta boagêltr`ga, `ltu`t`va b eëo`g eëo`ga. a. i) A rkgàgålà trklsiut`va. trklsiut` va. b) A pblskeblta m`patàt`ga-ibiut`v m`patàt`ga-ibiut`va. a.

SBWADRÏÇA: Vkeas rbdbecrkr rbdbecrkr bssb údtèa bstëoà ia ibsblvadvèblta, ibsblvadvèb lta, galfareb ^`kobt:

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK B 96. GBV-RSG GBV-RSGK K - 3> 3>;0 ;0 - ^r ^rbfb`turk bfb`turk ib Ekur`t` - GB Frbui Fr bui be suk tbar`k kprbsbltk k bx`stêlg`k ias ebgkl`seas ib ibfbsk. Bstbs sbr`ke ebàs qub a `lgalsg`bl `lgalsg`bltb tb usk pkrk eksgkrkr k rbkdìkib, au sbjk, sça ebgkl`seas ut`d`zkias pkrk kcrklikr kdouek iar. Bdbs ktuke pratboblia k `ltborìkib ia Boa. Blgaltrkeas k ibsgr`ïça garrbtk par t`pa ib ebgkl`sea lk kdtbrlkt`vk: k) Lk rbpr rbprbssça bssça tbe-sb k rbt`rkik rbt`rkik ib ìbk`s ìbk`s,, kfbtas au ibsbjas

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

pbrturckiarbs ik galsg`êlg`k, prbssàlklia-as pkrk a `lgalsg`bltb. c) Lk prajbïça prajbïça,, pkrtb ik blbro`k `l `lvbstìk vbstìk l las as èpudsas sbxuk`s à i`rbgàlkik î galsbguïça ib rbkd`zkïòbs sag`kdebltb kgb`tëvb`s. g) Lk sucdè sucdèkïça kïça ag agarrb arrb xkï xkïça ça ib uek ìb`k, kfbta au ibsbja lk galsg`êlg`k, apastas ka èpudsa `lgalsg`bltb `lgalsg`bltb tbeìa. i) K rbor rborbssça bssça bstë bstrb`tkebltb rrbdkgàlkik bdkgàlkik gae gae k ìblt`gkïça, v`sk rbsadvbr kdouek i`gudikib beagàlkd ia `li`våiua, ka taekr pkrk k pr÷pr`k pbrsalkdìkib gbrtks gkrkgtbråst`gks ib autrks pbssaks. b) La ibsdagkeblt ibsdagkeblta a agarrb agarrb k sucst`tu`ï sucst`tu`ïça ça ia vbrikib`ra vbrikib`ra,, paràe kssustkiar, eat`va ia gaepartkeblta par uek bxpd`gkïça rkzaëvbd b sbourk.

SBWADRÏÇA: ^krk rbspalibr bstk qubstça, vkeas rbv`skr as pr`lg`pk`s ebgkl`seas ib ibfbsk ibsgr`tas par Frbui:

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

^brgbck qub k dbtrk K à k úl`gk qub kssag`k garrbtkebltb a ^brgbck ebgkl`sea gae suk rbspbgt`vk ibsgr`ïça. Ks ibek`s kssbrt`vks e`sturkrke ks ga`sks. OKCKS@YA: DBYSK K 9?. GBV-RSGK - 3>;0 - ^rbfb`turk ib Ekur`t` 9?. Ekur`t ` - GB I`fbrbltbebltb I`fbrblt bebltb ib sbu prbgursar Fr Frbui, bui, as bbstëoàs stëoàs ia ibsblvadvèblta ibsblvad vèblta bstuikias par Br`h Br`hsal vça pkrk kdàe ik pucbrikib. Wuk tbar`k ia ibsblvadvèblta ibsblvadvèblta blodack taia a g`gda v`tkd ibsib k prèb`rk `lfãlg`k ktà k vbdm`gb b sblbsgêlg`k. Wacrb k gkrkgtbr`zkïça ib sbus bstëoàs à `lgarrbta krekr: k) A prèb`ra bstëoà, —Galklïk Cës`gk vbrsus Ibsgalklïk Cës`gk― ga`lgìb gae a ibsblvadvèblta arkd be Frbui, la qukd k cagk à k zalk ek`s sblsåvbd ia garpa. c) —@liústr`k vvbrsus brsus @lf @lfbràrìkib―, bràrìkib―, à a qukr qukrta ta bstëoà prapasta prapasta par Br`hsal. Bqu`vkdb ka pbråaia ib dktêlg`k be Frbui. K pr`lg`pkd tkrbfk ibstb pbråaia à ibsblvadvbr a sblsa ib ìbltìkib, la bltklta, bstk fksb ga`lgìb gae k pucbrikib b k kiadbsgêlg`k. g) La ssàtèa àtèa lça bstëo` bstëoà, a, ——Obrkt`vìkib Obrkt`vìkib vbrsuseks bstkolkïça―, Obrkt`vìkib à saebltb a obrkr dmas, tkecàe blvadvb blvad vb a fkta ib gr`kr b ar`bltkr ks obrkïòbs sbou`ltbs, ibsblvadvblia kssè k v`rtuib ia guìkia. i) La sbxta bstëo bstëoà à —@ibltìkib vbrsus kutakcsarïça kutakcsarïça au `sadkeblta―, a kiudta pragurk `ltèìkib, qub à a trklsgblibr k bxgdus`vìkib iks ibpbliêlg`ks kltbràrbs b bstkcbdbgbr uek rbg`pragìkib rbg`pragì kib par ebà ib rbdkgàlkebltas sbxuk`s, ke`zkibs b taiks ks kssag`kïòbs prafuliks, galsbqubltbebltb ibsblvadv ibsblvadvbb k v`rtuib ia kear sb t`vbr gae suk gr`sb ib ìbltìkib rbsadvìk. b) —Kutalae`k vbrsus V Vbroalmk broalmk b Iúvìk―, à a sboulia bstëoà ia ibsblvadvèblta ibsblvadvèblta muekla. K kutalae`k pbre`tb a iaeålà

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

sacrb s` ebsea b sacrb sbus èpudsas. Ga`lgì`lia Ga`lgì`lia gae a bstëoà klkd be Frbui. Ka pbre`t`r qub k gr`klïk fulgàlb gae kdouek kutalae`k, sbe supbrpratboê-dk, bdk kiqu`rb kutagalklïk kutagalkl ïk b sbltb qub galsboub galtradkr galtradkr k s` ebsek b

ka eulia ka rbiar. kebltb âràe, sb k gr`klïk àsbltb-sb pulìk `rkik par sbr kutùlaek au sbu à bxgbss`v bxgbss`vkebltb galtradkik, b blvbroalmkik.

SBWADRÏÇA: Dbecrb-sb ib qub bstkeas cusgklia k @LGASSBYK, @LGASSBYK, eks kltbs, vkeas rbdbecrkr taiks ks fksbs ia ibsblvadvèblta, ib kgaria gae Br`hsal:

BS@GH BS@HWAL B KW A@YA FKWBW IA IBWBLVADV@EBLYA FKWB ; ‗ GALF@KLÏK ] IBWGALF@KLÏK Cbcê (> k ;= ebsbs) ‗ fksb arkd frbui`klk8 Ktblïça ia cbcê bstë vadtkik pkrk k eçb, qub à qube dmb pravê ks lbgbssìkibs8 K eçb à k prèb`rk rbdkïça sag`kd ia cbcê8 [uklia suks lbgbssìkibs sça ktbliìks, më galklïk. Bssk galklïk kjuik la ibsblvadvèblta (sbltèblta ib qub a eulia à ue duokr sboura)8 Gksa k galklïk lça sbjk ibsblvadvìk ibvìa  kusêlg`k ib guìkias, mkvbrë sblskïça ib ibsgalklïk. FKWB 3 ‗ KRYALAE@K ] VBSO@LMK b IÚV@IK Cbcê/gr`klïk Cbcê/ gr`klïk (;= ebsbs k 7 klas) ‗ fksb klkd frbui`klk8 Gr`klïk kprbsbltk kdoue galtradb sacrb lbgbssìkibs sàd÷o`gks b eavèbltas eusgudkrbs (galklïk b kutalae`k pkrk bxpdarkr a eulia sbe rbgbà ib brrkr)8 ^rbg`sk ia kpaà ias kiudtas pkrk ibsblvadvbr a sblsa ib kutalae`k ‗ sb rbgbcb eu`tks gråt`gks b rì`gudkr`zkïòbs, ekl`fbstk iúvìk b vbroalmk sacrb suks patblg`kdìkibs. FKWB 7 ‗ @L@G@K @L@ G@KY@VK Y@VK ] GRD^ GR D^K K Gr`klïk (7 k 6 klas) ‗ fksb fëd`gk frbui`klk8 Fksb be qub agarrb uek rbbstruturkïça ik bstruturk ib ibfbsk ia boa b k farekïça ib lavks l avks bstruturks psåqu`gks8

Fksb ib cr`lgkr8

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

Lk sag`kd`zkïça b la cr`lgkr, më ibsgacbrtks `ltbdbgtuk`s b tkecàe sacrb k sbxukdìkib8 Wb kgr`klïk lça far gkpkz ib rbkd`zkr suks ibsgacbrtks, au sb rbkd`zk-dks ib eaia sag`kdebltb `lkgb`tëvbd, sblt`rë gudpk b k galsbqubltb rbiuïça ik `l`g`kt`vk ib bxpbrèbltkïça. FKWB 9 ‗ I@D@OÊLG@K (AR ^SAIRY@V@IKIB) ] @LFBS@AS@IKIB Gr`klïk (6 kas ;;/;3 klas) ‗ fksb fksb ik dktêlg`k frbui`klk8 @ikib bsgadkr ‗ sag`kd`zkïça, gaapbrkïça, trkckdmas be orupas8 Orupa sag`kd bxbrgbrë `luêlg`k lk galstrutuvìkib, eks sb ks bxpbr`êlg`ks farbe lbokt`vks (fkdtk ib kikptkïça, kuxådà, bxòêlg`ks eu`ta kdtks), mkvbrë sbltèbltas ib `lfbràrìkib. FKWB 2 ‗ @IBLY@IKIB ] GALFRWÇA IB @IBLY@IKIB Kiadbsgêlg`k ‗ euiklïks fås`gks b psåqu`gks8 Lbgbssìkib ib blgaltrkr ue pkpbd sag`kd ‗ ap`l`ça ias orupas sag`k`s rbeaibdk sbu gaepartkeblta gae frbquêlg`k, obrklia galfusça8 ^bråaia be qub a kiadbsgbltb agupk-sb ib ibsblvadvbr suk ìbltìkib pkrk kdàe iks ìblt`gkïòbs qub tbe gae as pk`s au pkrbs ‗ —qube sau bu1―8 K sbourklïk vk` suro`r k pkrt`r ik gabrêlg`k b bstkc`dìkib iks v`vêlg`ks sag`k`s. FKWB 6 ‗ @LY@E@IKIB ] @WADKEBLYA Fksb kiudtk ‗ ;= kas 7> klas8 @ltbrbssb pbdk prassàlkd`zkïça b pbda bstkcbdbgèblta ib rbdkïòbs sòl`gkt`vks b iurkiaurks8 ^rèb`rk gr`sb ik vìk kiudtk ‗ ìbltìkib ibvb bstkr farekik pkrk qub sb bstkcbdbïk `ltèìkib ps`gad÷o`gk gae autrk pbssak (`ltèìkib ps`gad÷o`gk gae kdouàe, sbjk keòa au kekltb, sbe qub suk ìbltìkib qub gaepraebtìk)8 [uklia a javbe kiudta lça galsboub sb rbsadvbr lbssk gr`sb (ìbltìkib ib boa frëo`d au ibgbpïòbs), tblib ka `sadkeblta. FKWB ? ‗ OBLBSKY@V@IKIB ] BLW@EBWEKEBLYA au BWYKOLKÏÇA Fksb kiudtk ‗ 7> kas 6> klas8 Eaeblta ib ibi`gkïça ia sujb`ta k tuia kqu`da qub obrau ‗ dmas, ìbk`s, prajbtas8

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

^rbagupkïça be trklse`t`r, bls`lkr b galtr`cu`r ‗ sb `ssa lça agarrb, a sujb`ta lça vê sbu vkdar au sbltìa lk vìk au prap÷s`ta (më, lbssb gksa, dkebltkïça). FKWB = ‗ @LYBOS@IKIB ] IBWBW^BSKLÏK Vbdm`gbb ‗ k pkrt`r ias 6> klas8 Vbdm`g ^bråaia ekrgkia par rbbxòbs sacrb k vìk prborbssk b rbkd`zkïòbs ‗ rbtraspbgt`vk ia qub fa` v`vblg`kia v`vblg`kia b pdklbjkeblt pdklbjkeblta a ias údtèas klas ib vìk8 Wb k rbbxça obrk sblskïça ib praiut`vìkib b vkdar`zkïça, obrk `ltborìkib b iòlìkib8 âr autra dkia, sb obrkr `lskt`sfkïça, paib agksàlkr ibsbspbra, ibsbspbrklïk, sblskïça ib qub lça më ek`s tbepa pkrk fkzbr lkik.

^brgbck qub k dbtrk C à k úl`gk `lgarrbtk, jë qub eblgàlk k ^brgbck qukrtk fksb, eks trkz be suk ibsgr`ïça ks gkrkgtbråst`gks ik qu`ltk fksb, ikå a brra. OKCKS@YA: DBYSK C 9=. GAE^BS GAE^BSVB VB - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib ^krlke`rè - SL Las bstuias ia ibsblvad ibsblvadvèblta vèblta muekla, k v`sça _`l`gatt`klk ik gr`klïk prbvê qub a acjbta trklskgàlkd à cksb k) ik gktbx`s ik eçb. c) ia sbltèblta ib pdbl`tuib. g) ia sècad`sea, sècad`sea, ia cr`lgkr b ib taik taik kt`vìkib kt`vìkib dúi`gk. dúi`gk. i) ia ibsblvadvèblta ik kec`vkdêlg`k. kec`vkdêlg` k. SBWADRÏÇA: ^krk _`ll`gatt, as acjbtas trkls`gàlk`s paibe sbr: cr`lqubia, pkl`lma au dblïa, qub bxbrgbe fulïça sèc÷d`gk pkrk k gr`klïk, pbre`t`lia k trkls`ïça lbgbssër`k bltrb k prèb`rk rbdkïça arkd gae k eçb b k rbdkïça gae a acjbta. ^ratbob k gr gr`klïk `klïk ik kls`bikib b trklse`tb sbourklïk. Lk v`sça ia kutar, kutar, tk`s acjbtas sça k cksb pkrk qub k gr`klïk passk ibsblvadvbr a sèc÷d`ga b k fkltks`k, a qub `ltraiuz ks kt`vìkibs dúi`gks.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

90. @tkeb - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib Kv Kvbd`l÷pad`s bd`l÷pad`s - OA ^krk Gkckdda (3>>6) ks Mkc`dìkibs Wag`k`s paibe sbr trb`lkiks `li`vìukdebltbb au be orupa, paràe kecks passube `li`vìukdeblt vkltkobls. À galsìbrkik uek iks vkltkobls ia Yrb`la ib Mkc`dìkibs Wag`k`s be orupa k) pbre`t`r uek kvkd`kïça `l`g`kd iks mkc`dìkibs b ibc`dìkibs ibc`dìkibs.. c) lça eksgkrk eksgkrkrr a ibsbl ibsblvadv` vadvèblta eblta iks mkc`dìkibs ibsblvadvìks. g) fkzbr usa bgalùe`ga bgalùe`ga ia tbepa tbepa ia tbrkpbutk. i) pass`c`d`tkr uek galstk galstkltb ltb rbk rbkvkd`kïça vkd`kïça i ikk bgëg`k. SBWADRÏÇA: Ib kgaria gae Gkckdda, a trb`lb ib mkc`dìkibs sag`k`s, quklia rbkd`zkia be orupa, kprbsbltk ks sbou`ltbs vkltkobls: • La orupa, k kprbli`zkobe ias eaibdas kgkck sblia fkg`d`tkik b blr`qubgìk, jë qub, kdàe ia tbrkpbutk, gkik ebecra paib tbr tkecàe kprbsbltkr a sbu eaibda ib mkc`dìkib sag`kd8 • A orupa prapargàlk ue galtbxta ib kpaà eútua be qub as pkg`bltbs, ka blgaltrkrbe-sb be ue orupa ib pbssaks gae pas`ïça sè`dkr k suk, sbltbe-sb eblas `ltèìkias8 • K s`tukïça sag`kd lk qukd sb ibsblvadvb a trb`la ib mkc`dìkibs sag`k`s (YMW) à rbkd, b lça sèudkik8 • A trb`lkeblta orupa pbre`tb a usa ek`slklgb`ra bgalùe`ga tbepa ia tbrkpbutkbe b tkecàe ue eblar oksta pariapkrtb ia pkg`bltb.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G 2>. FRLGBSL ‗ ^SBF. ^SBF. KÂI@ ‗ 3>;0 K fkeåd`k rbprbsbltk a orupa sag`kd prèërà qub `lffiublg`k b à `lffiublg`kia pbdk gudturk, kec`bltb sag`kd b gkrkgtbråst`gks `li`vìuk`s sbus ebecras. k fkeåd`k bstë belça ibskreal`kib b surobe galffi`tas[uklia gaepdbxas qub kgkcke sblia rbsadvìas, a orupa paib rbgarrbr rbgarrbr î tbrkp`k fke`d`kr qub v`sk

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

k) ebdmarkr k gaeul`gkïça fke`d`kr, fke`d`kr, bstèudk bstèudklia lia gkik ebecra k gr`t`gkr a gaepartkeblta `lkibqukia ia autra qub gaepòb k fkeåd`k. k) gaeprbbli gaeprbblibr brika i`lãe`gk pk pkpbd pbd ib gkik `li`våiua `li`våiua la caea i`ëdaoa b a fulgàlkeblta fke`d`kr, bstèudklia rbspb`ta ka autra. c) gaeprbblibr k èpartã èpartãlg`k lg`k ia i`ëdaoa fke`d`kr fke`d`kr,, cusgklia k vbrikib bltrb as ebecras `libpblibltb ik farek gaea bxprbssb sbus sbltèbltas. g) praeavbr a kutagalmbgèblta kutagalmbgèblta be låvbd låvbd `li`vìukd, `li`vìukd, rbvbdklia as ibfb`tas ib gkik ebecra qub gaepòb a lúgdba fke`d`kr.

SBWADRÏÇA: A orklib eatb ik tbrkp`k fke`d`kr à rbstkcbdbgbr uek gaeul`gkïça skuiëvbd bltrb as ebecras ik fkeåd`k. Lbssb sbltìa, fkz-sb lbgbssërà gaeprbblibr a pkpbd qub gkik ue ibsbepblmk lk i`lãe`gk fke`d`kr, fke`d`kr, bstèudklia i`ëdaoas rbspb`tasas b tragks qub passke blr`qubgbr k taias, a qub bstë garrbtkebltb kprbsbltkia lk kdtbrlkt`vk C. Vkeas vbr`gkr as brras iks ibek`s: DBYSK K - ebdmarkr k gaeul`gkïça fke`d`kr fke`d`kr,, bstèudklia gkik ebecrakkfkeåd`k gr`t`gkrbxprbsskr a gaepartkeblta `lkibqukia ia autra qub gaepòb gaea sb sbltb, ib farek rbspb`task, cusgklia ebdmarkr k gaeul`gkïça8 DBYSK G - gaeprbblibr k èpartãlg`k ia i`ëdaoa fke`d`kr, fke`d`kr, cusgklia k vbrikib bltrb as ebecras `libpblibltb ik farek gaea bxprbssb sbus sbltèbltas, ib farek k cusgkr bltblièblta b lça faebltkr a gal`ta8 DBYSK I ‗ lk vbrikib, k ps`gatbrkp`k fke`d`kr trkckdmkrë qubstòbs `li`vùk`s quklia bdks rbprbsbltkrbe kdouek qubstça ik s`ltaektadao`k orupkd. Bstk kcarikobe cusgk a trktkeblta ia orupa, b lça ib `li`våiuas `sadkikebltb galsìbrkias.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK C

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

2;. VRLBW^ ‗ ^SBF ^SBF.. WBSYÇAZ@LMA ‗ 3>;= K acsbrvkïça dúi`gk à ue rbgursa ut`d`zkia pbda ps`g÷daoa, iurkltb k rbkd`zkïça ib ue pragbssa ps`gai`kol÷st`ga ps`gai`kol÷st`ga,, pkrk galmbgbr k rbkdìkib ik gr`klïk qub fa` trkzìk pkrk a ktblièblta.. À garrbt ktblièblta garrbta a krekr qub, iurkltb k acsbrvkïça dúi`gk, k gr`klïk k) tbe k pass`c`d pass`c`dìkib ìkib ib cr`lgkr, be ue galtbxta pkrt`gudkr, sbe ue blqukirkeblta bspbgåga b sbe bxpd`g`tkïça ib pkpà`s, a qub dmb pbre`tb tatkd d`cbrikib bxprbss`vk. c) k`lik lça bstkcbdbgbu bstkcbdb gbu ue vålguda trklsfbrblg`kd gae a tbrkpbutk, par `ssa, a gkepa ik bltrbv`stk arokl`zk-sb, cks`gkebltb, pbdks vkr`ëvb`s ik pbrsalkdìkib ik gr`klïk. g) bxprbssk saebltb ue ssboeblta boeblta ib ssbu bu fkltks`ks rrbpbrt÷rà, bpbrt÷rà, rbktukd`zklia la prbsbltb ue galjulta ib qub `rça sb sacrbpar ka gkepa ib bståeuda. i) gaeul`gk suks fkltks`ks sbe k `ltbrfbrêlg`k `ltbrfbrêlg` k ia pragbssa prèërà, a qub fkg`d`tk k gaeprbblsça ias galffi`tas rbspalsëvb`s rbspalsëv b`s pbdk suk s`ltaektadao`k. b) bxprbssk, par ebà ik d`l d`loukobe oukobe b ia usa kprapr`kia kprapr`kia ias vbrcas b iks db`s ib pblskeblta, k lkturbzk iks fkltks`ks qub iae`lke sbu eulia `ltbrla.

SBWADRÏÇA: Ebdkl`b Hdb`l fa` k prèb`rk k trkckdmkr k kssag`kïça d`vrb be gr`klïks, usklia a cr`lgkr gaea pragbssa ib klëd`sb - bdk prbssupùs qub, k pkrt`r ik cr`lgkib`rk, ib gaea k gr`klïk bsgadmb sbus cr`lqubias, ib gaea bdk sb gadagk las pkpà`s qub bdk bsgadmb b btg., sbr`k passåvbd kgbsskr as galtbúias `lgalsg`bltbs. K `ssa bdk gmkeau ib duiatbrkp`k ‗ ia dúi`ga, ia fkz ib galtk. ^krk Hdb`l, k kssag`kïça d`vrb be gr`klïk sb ië pbda cr`lgkr, jë qub a cr`lqubia prajbtk `lfklt`s. cr`lgkr cr`lgkr, , k gr`klïk ibpas`tk pkrtb ib sbus fkltks`ks sbltèbltas b ib Lbssb sbu eulia `ltbrla, a qub sb bxprbssk garrbtkebltb lk dbtrk G. Vkeas vbr as brras iks ibek`s: DBYSK K - Ks `lstruïòbs pkrk uek bltrbv`stk dúi`gk, k sbrbe

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

trklse`tìks pbda ps`gklkd`stk î gr`klïk, gals`stbe be afbrbgbr k bdk k apartulìkib ib cr`lgkr, gaea ibsbjb, gae taia a ektbr`kd dúi`ga i`spalåvbd lk skdk, bsgdkrbgblia sacrb a bspkïa alib paibrë cr`lgkr, sacrb a tbepa i`spalåvbd, sacrb as pkpà`s ibdk b ia ps`g÷daoa, cbe gaea sacrb as acjbt`vas ibssk kt`vìkib8 DBYSK C ‗ A vålguda trklsfbrblg`kd (au kd`klïk tbrkpêut`gk) à èprbsg`liåvbd, `li`spblsëvbd pkrk qub k gr`klïk ibpas`tb galklïk la klkd`stk8 DBYSK G ‗ Më sè prajbïça b fkltks`k, qub sça pragbssas prèëràs8 DBYSK B ‗ A cr`lgkr à k fbrrkebltk kprapr`kik pkrk a trkckdma gae gr`klïks justkebltb pbdk dè`tkïça ik d`loukobe lbstk btkpk ia ibsblvadvèblta muekla.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G 23. VRLBW^ ‗ ^SBF ^SBF.. WBSYÇAZ@LMA ‗ 3>;0 Iurkltb ue pragbssa ib ps`gatbrkp`k `li`vìukd, a bstkcbdbgèblta ib uek kd`klïk tbrkpêut`gk bltrb a pkg`bltb b a tbrkpbutk à fulikebltkd. À garrbta krekr qub k kd`klïk tbrkpêut`gk k) trktk, bspbg` bspbg`gkebltb, gkebltb, i ikk galsg`êlg`k galsg`êlg`k rkgàlkd qub a pkg`bltb ibealstrk sacrb suk lbgbssìkib ib rbgbcbr kjuik ia tbrkpbutk. c) à s`lùlèa ib trklsfbrêlg`k trklsfbrêlg`k pas`t`vk pas`t`vk b sbu apa apasta sta à k trklsfbrêlg`k trklsfbrêlg `k lbokt`vk. g) paib sbr galsìbrki galsìbrkikk ue prà-rbqu`s`ta pkrk a bstkcbdbgèblta ik lburasb ib trklsfbrêlg`k. trklsfbrêlg`k. i) sustbltk k suk ktkïça lks fulï fulïòbs òbs kutùlaeks ia supbrboa ia pkg`bltb qub sad`g`tk kjuik. b) ibgarrb ik ktukd`zkïça ib bxpbr`êlg`ks pràv`ks ia pkg`bltb qub a dbvke sèpdbsebltb k rbpbt`r a pksskia la sbtt`lo.

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

SBWADRÏÇA: Rek iks gkrkgtbråst`gks ek`s fulikebltk`s pkrk qub uek ps`gatbrkp`k iê gbrta à k kd`klïk tbrkpêut`gk. YYrktk-sb rktk-sb ia vålguda qub ibvb bx`st`r bltrb tbrkpbutk b pkg`bltb, ib eaia qub ue galb la autra. Bssk kd`klïk tbrkpêut`gk à k prèb`rk gali`ïça pkrk a sugbssa ia pragbssa. âr `ssa, paib-sb i`zbr qub farekr uek cak kd`klïk tbrkpêut`gk gae a pkg`bltb à ek`s èpartkltb pkrk bdb ia qub k kcarikobe ia tbrkpbutk, klkd, a pkg`bltb lça tbe k acròkïça ib skcbr qukd à k suk d`lmk tb÷r`gk. ârtklta, bdk paib sè sbr galsìbrkik ue prà-rbqu`s`ta pkrk k lburasb ib trklsfbrêlg`k, qub à quklia a klkd`sklia ktukd`zk, lk ourk ia klkd`stk, ks suks prèb`rks rbdkïòbs `lfklt`s. Be galtrkpkrtìk, mkvbrë k galtrktrklsfbrêlg`k ia klkd`stk.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G 27. FKGBY - ^SBF ^SBF.. IB EKSGKÏÇA EKSGKÏÇA/^C /^C ‗ 3>;6 Wça laebs ib rbfbrêlg`k pkrk a bstuia iks tbrkp`ks ps`gklkdåt`gk b gaol`t`v gaol`t`va a gaepartkebltkd, rbspbgt`vkeblt rbspbgt`vkebltb: b: k) Ebdkl`b Hdb`l b Cbgh. c) Julo b Frbui. g) Curi`bu b Dkgkl. i) Dkgkl b Dbalt`bv. b) Ckliurk b Vyoatshy.

SBWADRÏÇA: Wb vagê brrau bssk, lça prbg`sk eb galtkr! [ubstça ib dkecujk prk vagê! Ybeas Ybeas Ebdkl`b Hdb`l gaea rbprbsbltkltb ik ps`gai`lãe`gk (gr`kiark ik Duiatbrkp`k) b Cbgh rbprbsbltklia k gaepartkebltkd (pk` ik YG YGG). G).

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK K

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

29. VRLBW^ ‗ 3>;2 ‗ ^SBF ^SBF.. W. J. GKEÂW/W^ K Ybrkp`k Gaeul`tër`k tbe sìa ut`d`zkik frbqubltbebltb pkrk a ktblièblta ib `li`våiuas b fkeåd`ks qub blfrbltke, la sbu gatì`kla,, s`tukïòbs ib bxgdusça sag`kd, vàdêlg`k, prbgalgb`t gatì`kla prbgalgb`ta, a, sadìça b `sadkeblta. Bssb t`pa ib kcarikobe k) kvkd`k k qukdìkib ik skúib ebltkd ik pap papudkïça udkïça vudlbrë vudlbrëvbd, vbd, pkrk k gr`kïça ib padåt`gks púcd`gks ek`s kcrklobltbs b bgkzbs. c) praeavb k bsgutk iks i ibekliks bekliks ik papud papudkïça kïça gkrblt gkrbltb, b, pkrk afbrbgbr afbrbg br kss`stêlg`k, cusgkr rbgursas b supr`r suks lbgbssìkibs. g) galtàe as as èpudsas ibstrut`vas ias `li `li`våiuas `våiuas b fkeåd`ks vudlbrëvb`s par ebà ik ìblt`gkïça ias dåibrbs pas`t`vas ik gaeulìkib. i) klkd`sk as i`sgursas i`sgursas ias `li`våiuas `li`våiuas ib uek gaeulìkib gaeulìkib pkrk bxpd`g`tkr a galtbúia dktbltb iks ekl`fbstkïòbs qub bstça be ibskgaria gae k aribe sag`kd. b) rbfarï rbfarïkk k ggalstruïça alstruïça ib rbibs sag` sag`k`s k`s sadìër`ks sadìër`ks qub pass`c`d`tke k tragk ib bxpbr`êlg`ks b a blfrbltkeblta ias pracdbeks gae as quk`s sb ibpkrk k gaeulìkib. SBWADRÏÇA: A orklib acjbt`va lk `ltbrvblïça be ps`gadao`k sag`kd gaeul`tër`k à gkpkg`tkr a orupa k blfrbltkr suks pr÷pr`ks qubstòbs, par ebà ik galstruïça ib uek rbib ib kpaà s÷dìk. Vkeas vbr as brras iks ibek`s: DBYSK K ‗ a faga lk `ltbrvblïça sag`kd-gaeul`tër`k lça à k vbr`gkïça ik qukdìkib ik skúib ebltkd, eks sè k kvkd`kïça ib gaea bstça ks rbdkïòbs sag`k`s b gaea bstks paibe sbr ebdmarkiks b ibsblvadvìks8 DBYSK C ‗ i`zbr qub a ps`g÷daoa sag`kd sèpdbsebltb praeavb k bsgutk à rbiuz`r sbu dbqub ib ktukïça: bdb fkz eu`ta ek`s ia qub `ssa, gkpkg`tklia k papudkïça pkrk a blfrbltkeblta ib suks ibekliks8 DBYSK G ‗ èpudsas ibstrut`vas1! Lkik k vbr! Bssk ikvk pkrk bdè`lkr ib gkrk! DBYSK I ‗ bstk kssbrt`vk trauxb tbreas ps`gklkdåt`gas (galtbúia dktbltb, klëd`sb), qub lkik tbe k vbr gae k prët`gk sag`kd-gaeul`tër`k.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK B 6>

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

22. GBV ‗ 3>;0 - ^SBF ^SBF.. EKSRY@/GB Ib kgaria gae Dklb (3>>6), A blfaqub ik ^s`gadao`k Wag`kd à bstuikr a gaepartkeblta ib `li`våiuas la qub bdb à `lffiublg`kia sag`kdebltb. Lbstk pbrspbgt`vk à @LGASSBYA krekr qub: k) Bstk `lffiuêlg `lffiuêlg`k `k kgaltbgb kgaltbgb ibsib a eaeblta be qub lksgbeas, au ebsea kltbs ia lksgèblta, blquklta gali`ïòbs m`st÷r`gks qub ibrke aròbe k uek fkeåd`k. c) K ^s`gad ^s`gadao`k ao`k Wag`kd crks crks`db`rk, `db`rk, be rbspastk rbspastk k autrks ër ërbks bks ik ^s`gadao`k, trkz ibsib a pr`lgåpà, k prbagupkïça be gaeprbblibr a `li`våiua lk rbdkïça gae a ebà be qub v`vb, gae suk m`st÷r`k b gudturk. g) Asacrbv`vêlg`k, sbr muekla muekla kalalks lksgbr gbr lbgbss`tk lbgib bss`tk autrks autrks pbssaks k suk eålèa ek`sib uek pbssak, a qubpkrk jë fkz ibdb ebecra ib ue orupa. i) K gals galsg`êlg`k g`êlg`k ib s` paibrë kkdtbrkr dtbrkr k ìbltìkib sag sag`kd, `kd, lk ebiìk be qub, ibltra ias orupas qub las iblbe, qubstàlkeas as pkpà`s quklta î suk ibtbre`lkïça b fulïòbs m`st÷r`gks. b) A trkckdma gaapbrkt`va, gaapbrkt`va, pdklbjkia pdklbjkia,, qub sucebt sucebtbb k lktur lkturbzk bzk ka maebe, s÷ fa` passåvbd ktrkvàs ia ibsblvadvèblta ik d`loukobe pbdas orupas sag`k`s mueklas.

SBWADRÏÇA: A brra ik dbtrk C à i`zbr qub k ps`gadao`k sag`kd sb prbagupau, ibsib a sbu `lågà, la Crks`d, be gaeprbblibr a `li`våiua gae suk m`st÷r`k b gudturk. @ssa parqub a `lågà ik ps`gadao`k sag`kd crks`db`rk fa` ekrgkia par ue eaibda g`blt`g`stk, qub Dklb rbjb`tk. Gaea k qubstça pbib uek rbspastk sac a blfaqub ibdk, a brra bstë kå. Yaiks Yaiks ks ibek`s kdtbrlkt`vks ibsgrbvbe k ps`gadao`k sag`kd-gråt`gk bVkeas suks fareks ib `ltbrvblïça. kpravb`tkr kpravb`tkr k qubstça pkrk rbdbecrkr ks i`fbrblïks bltrb as ia`s eaibdas tb÷r`gas ik ^s`gadao`k Wag`kd la Crks`d:

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK C 26. FGG ‗ 3>;= ‗ ^rbf ^rbf.. Ekgkp Ekgkpëë Gae cksb lk ^s`gadao`k Wag`kd Gaeul`tër`k, ks kïòbs ibsblvadvìks ibsblvad vìks pbdas ps`g÷daoas lk Kss`stêlg`k Wag`kd sça gkrkgtbr`zkiks: k) pbdk vkdar vkdar`zkïça `zkïça ia skcbr dagkd b ias rbgursas rbgursas `li `li`vìuk`s, `vìuk`s, gadbt`vas b gaeul`tëràs lk galstruïça ib rbspastks frbltb kas pracdbeks v`vìas la gatì`kla. c) par sbrbe i`rbt`vks lk ar`bltkïça ib `li`våiu `li`våiuas as b orupas pkrk rbsadut`vìkib ib pracdbeks blfrbltkias la i`k k i`k. g) pbdk af afbrtk brtk ib ktblièblta ps`gatbrëp ps`gatbrëp`ga `ga `l `li`vìukd i`vìukd au orupkd pkrk prbvblïça ib s`tukïòbs ib r`sga b vudlbrkc`dìkib vudlbrkc`dìkib sag`kd. i) pbda trb`lkeblta trb`lkeblta galt`lukia galt`lukia pkrk a ibsbl ibsblvadvèbl vadvèblta ta ib bepaibrkeblta b blfrbltkeblta ib s`tukïòbs ib bxpdarkïça b kcusa ib paibr.

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b) pbdk ut`d`zkïç ut`d`zkïça a ib tàgl`gks ggaol`t`vks aol`t`vks pkrk a ibsblvadvèblta ibsblvad vèblta ib patblg`kdìkibs sag`k`s b gaeul`tër`ks iks fkeåd`ks be s`tukïça ib pacrbzk.

SBWADRÏÇA: pbrgbck qub a blulg`kia fbz rbfbrêlg`k  ^s`gadao`k

Wag`kd Gaeul`tër`k. âr `ssa à tça èpartkltb qub vagê sk`ck i`fbrblg`kr uek ik autrk. Yblia Yblia gdkrbzk iks i`fbrblïks galgb`tuk`s, gk cbe ek`s fëg`d ektkr k qubstça ekrgklia k DBYSK K, jë qub ks ibek`s kdtbrlkt`vks trkzbe galgb`tas bqu`vagkias (dbtrks C, G b I) au rbfbrbltbs î kcarikobe Gdëss`gk (dbtrk B).

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK K 2?. FOV - 3>;0 - ^rbfb`turk ib Wkdvkiar 2?. Wkdvkiar ‗ CK E`gmbd, ib ;2 klas, fa` ckdbkia lk pbrlk quklia —trkckdmkvk― be uek cagk ib fuea, a qub a dbvau î `ltbrlkïça masp`tkdkr be bstkia orkvb. K eçb ia rkpkz sb pralt`gau k pbreklbgbr julta ka dma iurkltb a pbråaia ib masp`tkd`zkïça, eks a masp`tkd sb rbgusau, kdboklia qub sb trktkvk t rktkvk ib kiadbsgbltb kiadbsgbltb kutar ib kta `lfrkgàlkd. Wacrb k galiutk ia masp`tkd, sboulia a Bstktuta ik Gr`klïk b ia Kiadbsgblt Kiadbsgbltbb (BGK), kss`lkdb k krekt`vk garrbtk. k) Garr Garrbtk, btk, parqub as masp`tk`s s÷ prbg`ske okrklt`r ggali`ïòbs ali`ïòbs pkrk pbreklêlg`k be tbepa `ltborkd ib ue ias pk`s au rbspalsëvbd rbspalsëv bd las gksas ib `ltbrlkïça ib gr`klïk. c) Garr Garrbtk, btk, jë qub a kiad kiadbsgbltb bsgbltb ggaebtbu aebtbu kta `lfr `lfrkgàlkd, kgàlkd, ibvblia sbr kgaepklmkia, la pbråaia ib `ltbrlkïça masp`tkdkr,, par kobltb ib sbourklïk, qub zbdkrë par suk masp`tkdkr pbreklêlg`k la dagkd. g) @lgarrbtk, @lgarrbtk, pa`s a bstkcbdbgèblta bstkcbdbgèblta ib ktblièblta î skúib ibvb prapargàlkr gali`ïòbs pkrk gali`ïòbs k pbreklêlg`k be tbepa `ltborkd ib pk`s au rbspalsëvbd, las gksas ib `ltbrlkïça ib gr`klïk au kiadbsgblt kiadbsgbltb. b.

i) @lgarr @lgarrbtk, btk, pa`s as masp`tk`s ibvbe gae gaeul`gkr ul`gkr k `ltbr `ltbrlkïça lkïça 67

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

masp`tkdkr ib gr`klïks b kiadbsgbltbs pkrk a Galsbdma Yutbdkr, pbi`lia k kutar`zkïça pkrk pbreklêlg`k ib fke`d`kr la dagkd. b) Garr Garrbtk, btk, jë qub a bstkia i ibb skúib ia kiad kiadbsgbltb bsgbltb brk orkvb, bibslbgbssërà k pbreklêlg`k ib kgaepklmkltb rbprbsbltkr`k ue bstrbssb î fkeåd`k.

SBWADRÏÇA: Vkeas rbspalibr  qubstça ib kgaria gae a BGK: Krt. ;3 - As bstkcbdbgèbltas ib ktblièblta î skúib, `lgdus`vb ks ulìkibs lbalktk`s, ib tbrkp`k `ltbls`vk b ib guìkias `ltbrebi`ëràs, ibvbrça prapargàlkr gali`ïòbs pkrk k pbreklêlg`k pbreklêlg `k be tbepa `ltborkd ib ue ias pk`s au rbspalsëvbd, las gksas ib `ltbrlkïça ib gr`klïk au kiadbsgbltb.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G 2=.FOV - 3>;0 - ^rbfb`turk ib Wkdvkiar - CK A ^dkla Lkgàlkd ib ^raeaïça, ^ratbïça b Ibfbsk ia I`rb`ta ib Gr`klïks b Kiadbsgbltbs î Galv`vêlg`k Fke`d`kr b Gaeul`tër`k (^LGFG) bstkcbdbgb ks i`rbtr`zbs pkrkiòeët`gks lk bfbt`vkïça ia i`rb`ta ib gr`klïks b kiadbsgbltbs î galv`vêlg`k fke`d`kr b gaeul`tër`k. Ks krekt`vks k sbou`r kprbsbltke kdoueks ibssks i`rbtr`zbs, îik bxgbïça Kss`lkdb-k. k) K ggbltrkdìkib bltrkdìkib ffkeåd`k keåd`kib lksuek. padåt`gks púcd`gks. púcd`gks. c) K prèkz`k ik rbspalskc`d` rbspalskc`dìkib ikib ia Bstkia l la a faeblta ib padåt`gks `ltborkiks ib kpaà î fkeåd`k. g) A rbg rbgalmbgèblta almbgèblta iks dè`tkï dè`tkïòbs òbs ik fkeåd`k càd÷o`gk b a `lgrbeblta ib padåt`gks qub pràr`zbe k gadagkïça be dkrbs sucst`tutas. i) A rbspb`t rbspb`ta a î i`v i`vbrsìkib brsìkib àtl`g àtl`ga-gudturkd, a-gudturkd, î ìbltìkib b ar`bltkïòbs sbxuk`s, î bquìkib ib oêlbra b îs pkrt`gudkrìkibs iks gali`ïòbs fås`gks, sblsar`k`s b ebltk`s. b) A far fartkdbgèblta tkdbgèblta i ikk kutalae`k ik gr`klïk, ia kiadbsg kiadbsgbltb bltb b ia javbe kiudta lk bdkcarkïça ia sbu prajbta ib vìk.

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

SBWADRÏÇA: Vbjkeas quk`s sça ks i`rbtr`zbs ia ^dkla Lkgàlkd ib ^raeaïça, ^ratbïça b Ibfbsk ia I`rb`ta ib Gr`klïks b Kiadbsgbltbs î Galv`vêlg`k Fke`d`kr b Gaeul`tër`k (^LGFG): ;) Gbltrkdìkib ik fkeåd`k lks padåt`gks púcd`gks8 3) ^rèkz`k ik rbspalskc`dìkib ia Bstkia la faeblta ib padåt`gks `ltborkiks ib kpaà î fkeåd`k8 7) Sbgalmbgèblta iks gaepbtêlg`ks ik fkeåd`k lk suk arokl`zkïça `ltbrlk b lk supbrkïça ib suks i`gudikibs8 9) Sbspb`ta î i`vbrsìkib àtl`ga-gudturkd, î ìbltìkib b ar`bltkïça sbxuk`s,  bquìkib ib oêlbra b s pkrt`gudkrìkibs iks gali`ïòbs fås`gks, sblsar`k`s b ebltk`s8 2) Fartkdbgèblta ik kutalae`k ik gr`klïk, ia kiadbsgbltb b ia javbe kiudta lk bdkcarkïça ia sbu prajbta ib vìk8 6) Okrklt`k ib iasFkeåd`ks pr`lgåpàs ib bxgbpgàlkdìkib b prav`sar`bikib ias ^raorkeks Kgadmbiarks b ib Kgadmèblta @lst`tugàlkd ib gr`klïks b ib kiadbsgbltbs8 ?) Sbariblkeblta ias praorkeks ib Kgadmèblta @lst`tugàlkd8 =) Kiaïça gbltrkik la `ltbrbssb ik gr`klïk b ia kiadbsgbltb8 b 0) Galtradb sag`kd iks padåt`gks púcd`gks.

^brgbck qub k úl`gk kdtbrlkt`vk qub ibsgrbvb uek `lfarekïça ^brgbck lça galtbepdkik lks i`rbtr`zbs suprkeblgàlkiks à k dbtrk G (rbgalmbgèblta iks dè`tkïòbs ik fkeåd`k càd÷o`gk ba `lgrbeblta ib padåt`gks qub pràr`zbe k gadagkïça be dkrbs sucst`tutas). OKCKS@YA: DBYSK G 20. @tkeb - 3>;0 - ^r ^rbfb`turk bfb`turk ib K Kvbd`l÷pad`s vbd`l÷pad`s - OA Ib kgaria gae bstuias kprbsbltkias par Ckrdaw b Iurkli (3>>7) as fktarbs ps`gad÷o`gas ps`gad÷o`gas qub galtr`cube pkrk k iablïk gkriåkgk garalkr`klk sça: k) kls`bikib b `rr`tkïça. c) bstrbssb, t`pa ib pbrsalkdìkib C, bstrbssb b kls`bikib. g) t`pa ib ib pbrsalkdìkib pbrsalkdìkib K, bstrbssb bstrbssb b kls`bikib. kls`bikib.

i) ebia, bstrbssb b kls`bikib. kls`bikib.

62

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B-CAAH OSKYR@YA: [RBWYÒBW GAEBLYKIKW IB ^SBFB@YRSKW

SBWADRÏÇA: K qubstça fa` bxtrkåik ia d`vra `lt`tudkia ^s`gapktadao`k, ib Ckrdaw b Iurkli (3>>7). ^krk as kutarbs, as fktarbs ps`gad÷o`gas qub galtr`cube pkrk k iablïk gkriåkgk garalkr`klk a bstrbssb, k kls`bikib b k `rr`tkïça. À gaepd`gkia quklia k Cklgk gacrk uek tbeët`gk tça bspbgågk, rbt`rkik ib ue d`vra pauga galgursëvbd. Ib taia eaia, prbg`skeas bstkr prbpkrkias prk tuia, bltça klatb kå ek`s bssk `lfarekïça la sbu gkibrla-rbsuea!

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK K 6>. G^GAL - 3>;0 - ^rbf ^rbfb`turk b`turk ib ^`dòbz`lmas - ^C K èpdkltkïça ia ^raorkek ib Kobltbs Gaeul`tëràs (^KGW) la Crks`d galtr`cuù ib farek sòl`gkt`v sòl`gkt`vkk pkrk k fareudkïç fareudkïça a be ;009 ik Bstrktào`k Wkúib ik Fk Fkeåd`k eåd`k (BWF) pbda E`l`stàrà ik Wkúib. K pkrt`r ia qub prbgb`tuk bstk bstrktào`k a acjbta fulikebltkd ik ktblïça î skúib à: k) K pbssak. c) K gìkib. g) K gaeulìkib. gaeulìkib. i) K fkeåd`k. b) A ck`rra.

SBWADRÏÇA: A ^raorkek Wkúib ik Fkeåd`k (^WF), majb galmbgìa gaea Bstrktào`k ib Wkúib ik Fkeåd`k (BWF), v`sk  rbfareudkïça ia gdëss`ga eaibda kss`stblg`kd, la qukd prbiae`lk a ktblièblta bebroblg`kd ka iabltb. Lbssb sbltìa, a faga ib`xk ib sbr k uroêlg`k b k bebroêlg`k b pkssk k sbr k fkeåd`k, la sbu pr÷prà kec`bltb gaeul`tërà. Kssè, gaea a pr÷prà laeb ia praorkek suobrb, a acjbta fulikebltkd ik ktblïça î skúib à k fkeåd`k. A praorkek `lgdu` kïòbs ib praeaïça ikek`s skúib, prbvblïça, rbgupbrkïça, rbkc`d`tkïça ib iablïks b korkvas frbqubltbs.

OKCKS@YA: DBYSK I 66

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^s`, oastau ibstk kudk orktu`tk1 Bltça qub tkd galmbgbr galmbgbr as lassas gursas1 KGBWWB: www.ps`gadao`klavk.gae.cr Kcrkïas,

Eal`qub E`sturk

Ebook 60 Questões de Psicologia CONCURSOS PSI PSICOLOGIA NOVA

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