Earthquake and Types of Waves

 

dn

Ueghdeh =9 [hvghw b`r ;  Msshsschdt Ohss`d 

=

 

HM[^J MDN UYMEH  

Hmrtjqumah mdn ^yphs `b \mvhs

 Ms y`u jmvh ohmrdhn br`c y`ur prhvg`us lrmnh, hmrtjqumahs mrh dmturmo lh`o`lgemo pjhd`chdm pjhd`chdm emushn ky tjh sunnhd m mdn dn rmpgn c`vhchdt c`vhchdt `b omrlh v`ouch `b r`ea.^jh vg`ohdt sjmagdl mdn nhstruetg`d emushn ky hmrtjqumahs mrh tjh rhsuot `b tjh rupturh rupturh mdn sogppmlh mo`dl brmeturhs `b Hmrtj‗s erust emoohn bmuots bmuots.. \jmt jmpphds wjhd md hmrtjqumah stmrts0 ^jh sunnhd rhohmsh `b hdhrly br`c md hmrtjqumah shdns `ut shvhrmo ngbbhrhdt sjmagdl c`vhchdts, `r shgscge wmvhs.Gd wmvhs .Gd s`ch emshs, md hmrtjqumah emd jmvhb`rhsj`eas jmvh b`rhsj`eas.. ^jhsh mrh scmoohr hmrtjqumahs tjmt jmpphd gd tjh smch pomeh wjhrh tjh omrlhr hmrtjqumah `eeurs. @d tjh `tjhr jmdn, cmgdsj`easmrh mowmys b`oo`whn kymbthrsj`eas kymbthrsj`eas.. ^jhsh mrh scmoohr hmrtjqumahs tjmt `eeur mbthrwmrns gd tjh smch pomeh ms tjh cmgdsj`ea. Nhphdngdl `d tjh sgzh `b tjh cmgdsj`ea, mbthrsj`eas emd e`dtgduh b`r whhas, c`dtjs, `r hvhd yhmrs mbthr tjh cmgdsj`ea!

U`ureh6 jttps6//www.l``loh.e`c/shmrej0q3>+pges+=+w`rn+hmrtjqumah&roz3=E=EJF\PhdYJ;8:2;59

 

\jmt G Jmvh Ohmrdhn 

Bgoo gd tjh k`xhs wgtj tjh dhehssmry gdb`rcmtg`d t` e`cpohth tjh e`dehpt mk`ut shgscge wmvhs. (=8 p`gdts)

Hmrtjqumah

Uhgscge \mvhs

\jmt G Emd N`  Ms m e`dehrdhn egtgzhd mdn md gdb`rchn gdngvgnumo, wjmt emd y`u n n` ` t` jhop y`ur dhgljk`r nurgdl md hmrtjqumah. Lgvh mt ohmst bgvh (8) sthps/metg`ds tjmt y`u emd n` t` jhop tjhc. (5 p`gdts hmej) =. ;. 5. >. 8.

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

8

 

 

Msshsschdt (Y`stthst) Cuotgpoh Ej`geh6 Ej`geh6 Uhohet tjh kh khst st mdswh mdswhrr br`c EMYG^MO OH^^H[`d m shpmrmth sjhht `b pmphr

tjh lgvhde lgvhdej`gehs j`gehs mdn wrgth gt gd

=. \jy gs Y Yjgogppgdhs jgogppgdhs pr`dh t` hxphrghdeh hmrtjqu hmrtjqumahs0 mahs0  M. Gt gs wgtjgd tjh Ymegbge [gdl `b `b Bgrh. K. ^jh Ymegbge @ehmd emushs nmgoy sjmagdl `b tjh mrejgphoml`. E. Gt jms pohdty `b st`rhn hdhrly gd tjh erust pmrt. N. ^jh Yjgogppgdhs gs gd tr`pgemo mrhm. ;. \jmt gs md hmrtjqumah0 G. ^jh sjmagdl mdn trhckogdl `b tjh Hmrtj‗s erust.  erust.   GG. M cmd-cmnh emomcgty. GGG.Emd kh chmsurhn tjr`ulj m tjhrc`chthr. GR.Uysthcmtge wmvhs tjmt mrh erhmthn nuh t` tjh sunnhd rhohmsh `b hdhrly gd tjh Hmrtj erust‗s.  erust‗s.   M. G mdn GG

K. G mdn GR

E. GG `doy

N. GG mdn GGG

5. Gd wjmt ngrhetg`d n` sh shgscge gscge wmvhs emrry tjh hdhrly hdhrly `b tjh hmrtjqumahs0  M. Mwmy br`c tjh b`eus b`eus K. ^jr`ulj tjh b`eus E. Br`c tjh e`rh N. Mwmy br`c tjh e`rh >. \jmt mrh tjh p`ssgkoh hbbhets `b md hmrtjqumah0 G. Gt cmy emush kugongdls t` e`oompsh, tjus, gdfurgdl mdn agoogdl ph`poh. GG. Gt emd nhstr`y r`mns, rmgowmys, krgnlhs mdn e`ccudgemtg`d ogdhs ky erhmtgdl ermeas gd tjh lr`udn. G. Gt emd ohmn t` bo``ns mdn omdnsognhs tjmt cmy jmrc jucmds mdn `tjhr `rlmdgscs. GG. Gt cmy d`t emush tsudmcgs.  M. G mdn GG K. GGG mdn GR E. G, GG mdn GGG N. GG, GGG mdn GR   8..\jmt stmrtgdl p`gdt gs t` kh trmehn t` o`emth tjh hpgehdthr `b md hmrtjqumah0  M. Bgrst Y wmvh mdn tjh bgrst U wmvh K. Uhe`dn Y wmvh mdn tjh she`dn U wmvh E. ^jgrn Y wmvh mdn tjh tjgrn U wmvh N. B`urtj Y wmvh mdn tjh b`urtj U wmvh

2

 

 

2. ^jhy mrh tjh seghdtgsts wj` stuny hmrtjqumahs.  M. Uhglc`lrmpjgsts K. Uhgsc`o`lgsts E. Uhgsc`o`lgjgsts N. Uhgsc`lgsts . Gt gs e`dsgnhrhn t` kh ttjh jh so`whst wmvh ms gt trmvhos `d tjh surbmeh `b tjh t jh Hmrtj.  M. K`ny \mvh K. Umn \mvh E. Ujhn \mvh N. Uurbmeh \mvh =8. \jmt typh `b shgscge wmvh gs e`dsgnhrhn ms tjh bgrst sgldmo b`r md hmrtjqumah t` kh bhot0  M. O`vh \mvh K. Y wmvh E. [myohglj \mvh N. U wmvh

Mnngtg`dmo Metgvgtghs  Cmah m ogst `b mtohmst bgvh (8)cmthrgmos `r hqugpchdts tjmt hvhry`dh cust prhpmrh khb`rh md hmrtjqumah `eeurs. =. PPPPPPPPPPPPPP ;. PPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5. PPPPPPPPPPPPPP

>. PPPPPPPPPPPPPP 8. PPPPPPPPPPPPPP

<

 

 

Ohss`d 

;

 

HM[^J MDN UYMEH  

O`emtgdl tjh Hpgehdthr

Uhgsc`o`lgsts emd o`emth tjh hpgehdthr `b md hmrtjqumah ky usgdl trgmdluomtg`d Uhgsc`o`lgsts chtj`n. \jhd shgscge nmtm gs e`oohethn br`c mtohmst tjrhh (5) ngbbhrhdt o`emtg`ds, gt emd kh ushn t` nhthrcgdh tjh hpgehdthr `b md hmrtjqumah ky wjhrh gt gdthrshets. Jhdeh, seghdtgsts dhhn mtohmst tjrhh (5)shgscge stmtg`ds t` eohmroy gnhdtgby tjh o`emtg`d.

\jmt G Dhhn t` Ad`w  ^jgs ohss`d wgoo jhop y`u cmsthr tjh dmturh `b Hmrtj mdn Upmeh, sphegbgemooy o`emtgdl tjh hmrtjqumah‗s hpgehdthr. hpgehdthr. ^jh se`ph `b tjgs c`nuoh gs lhmrhn t`wmrns gts usmkgogty gd vmrg`us ohmrdgdl sgtumtg`ds1 gts omdlumlh gs mnmpthn t` tjh dhhns `b ngvhrsh ohmrdhrs1 mdn gts ohss`ds n` mlrhh t` tjh shquhdehs `b tjh e`ursh. Mos`, gts `rnhr gs bohxgkoh mdn emd kh ejmdlhn nhphdngdl `d tjh thxtk``a y`u mrh eurrhdtoy usgdl.  Mbthr l`gdl tjr`ulj tjgs tjgs ohss`d, y`u mrh hxphethn t`6 =. Ngbbhrhdtgmth hpg hpgehdthr ehdthr br`c jy jyp`ehdthr p`ehdthr `b md h hmrtjqumah1 mrtjqumah1 mdn ;. Gnhdtgby tjh ngbbhrhdt chmsurhc chmsurhchdtsushn hdtsushn t` nhthrcgdgdh tj tjh h cmldgtunh `b md hmrtjqumah. \jmt‗s Gd 

Gd tjh prhvg`us ohss`d, y`u jmvh ohmrdhn mk`ut hmrtjqumahs, surbmeh wmvhs mdn k`ny wmvhs.Hmrtjqumah gs m sunnhd mdn vg`ohdt sjmagdl `b tjh lr`udn emushn ky tjh c`vhchdts `b tjh hmrtj‗s h mrtj‗s erust `r v`oemdge hruptg`d ohmngdl t` nhstruetg`d. Uhgsc`o`lgsts, tjh seghdtgsts wj` stuny hmrtjqumahs,jmvhpr`vhdtjmt shgscge wmvhs mrh emushn kytjh sunnhd krhmagdlmpmrt o`emthn wgtjgd tjh hmrtj `r tjh sogppgdl `b thet`dge thet`dge pomths. ^jh stuny `b hm hmrtjqumahs rtjqumahs mdn tjh wmvhs wmvhs tjhy erhmthn gs emoohn shgsc`o`ly   (br`c tjh Lrhha w`rn ‟shgsc`s– wjgej chmds ‟t` sjmah–).Nurgdl md hmrtjqumah, tjhrh gs m sunnhd rhohmsh `b st`rhn hdhrly gd tjh Hmrtj‗s erust tjus, shgscge wmvhs mrh b`rchn. U`chtgchs, tjhy emush tsudmcgs mdn bgrh wjgej cmy ohmn t` o`ss `b ogbh mdn julh nmcmlh t` pr`phrty.

:

 

 

\jmt‗s Dhw 

Mrrmdlh tjh ohtthrs t` b`rc m w`rn. \rgth y`ur mdswhrs `d m shpmrmth sjhht `b pmphr. =. Grgmdtd`olumt ;. ebsu` -

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

5. utbom hdhgrpeth >. 8. mhmqhrjatu

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

--

\jmt Gs Gt  O`emtg`d `b md Hpgehdthr ^jh hpgehdthr gs usumooy tjh o`emtg`d wjhrh tjh wmvhs br`c md hmrtjqumah mrhjgljoy gdthdsh. Ms m rhsuot, gt gs mos` tjh mrhm wjhrhtjh c`st nmcmlh emd p`ssgkoy `eeur. J`whvhr,gt gs d`t mowmys tjh emsh. Gb md hmrtjqumah gs pmrtgeuomroy omrlh, gt cmyrud mer`ss mer`ss m oomrlh mrlh shetg`d `b m pomth k`udnmry. Gd tjgs emsh, tjh hpgehdthr cgljt`doy kh `dh `b tjh cmdy j`tsp`t mrhms mdn tjh nmcmlh e`uon kh lrhmthr hoshwjhrh.

Hpgehdthr

Jyp`ehdthr `r b`eus

Bgl. ;.=. Md hmrtjqumah sj`wgdl tjh jyp`ehdthr mdn hpgehdthr

J`w t` o`emth tjh hmrtjqumah hpgehdthr0 hpgehdthr0   Gd `rnhr t` o`emth tjh hpgehdthr `b md hmrtjqumah, y`u dhhn t` nhthrcgdh tjh tgch gdthrvmo khtwhhd tjh mrrgvmo `b tjh Y mdn U wmvhs (tjh U-Y gdthrvmo) `d tjhshgsc`-lrmcs br`c mt ohmst tjrhh ngbbhrhdt stmtg`ds . O`emtgdl tjh hpgehdthrs wgoo nh nhthrcgdh thrcgdh wjgej bmu bmuot ot ogdhs mrh metgvh. Lhdhrmooy, tjh ohss metgvh bmuot ogdh st`rhs lrhmt mc`udt `b p`thdtgmo hdhrly tjmt e`uon emush m cmf`rhmrtjqumah `deh rhohmshn. rhohmshn. Jhdeh, mrhms dhmr bmuot ogdh ogdhs s tjmt rhcmgd gdmetgvh b`r mo`dl phrg`n `b tgch mrh pr`dh t` hxphrghdeh m cmf`r hmrtjqumah. ^jh ngstmdeh khtwhhd tjh khlgddgdl `b tjh bgrst Y wmvh mdn tjh bgrst U wmvh thoos y`uj`w cmdy she`dns tjh wmvhs mrh mpmrt. ^jgs duckhr wgoo kh ushn t` thoo y`u j`w bmry`ur shgsc`lrmpj shgsc`lrmpj gs br`c tjh hpgehdthr `b tjh h hmrtjqumah. mrtjqumah. Gd `rnhr t` o`emth 7

 

 

tjh hpgehdthr, tjh ngstmdeh khtwhhd tjh bgrst Y wmvh mdn tjh bgrst U wmvh gs chmsurhn. \jmt emushs md hmrtjqumah0  Md hmrtjqumah gs emushn ky m sunnhd sogp `d m bmuot. ^jh thet`dge pomths mrh mowmysso`woy c`vgdl, kut tjhy lht stuea mt tjhgr hnlhs nuh t` brgetg`d. Bglurh ;.; sj`ws md h hmrtjqumah mrtjqumah tjmt t``a pomeh gd tjh Yjgogppgdhs. ^jh mrhmwjhrh md hmrtjqumah `eeurs gs emoohn  bmuot, `r wjhrh tjh surbmeh sogpphn.Gd sogpphn.Gd mnngtg`d, tjh o`emtg`d kho`w tjh hmrtj‗s surbmeh wjhrh tjh hmrtjqumah stmrts gs emoohn tjh jyp`ehdthr jyp`ehdt hr `r b`eus , mdn tjh o`emtg`d ngrhetoy mk`vh gt `d tjh surbmeh `b tjh hmrtj gs emoohn tjh hpgehdthr . ^jh cmldgtunh `b md hmrtjqumah gs kmshn `d tjh chmsurhchdt `b tjh cmxgcuc c`tg`d rhe`rnhn ky m shgsc`lrmpj. ^jh c`st e`cc`doy ushn mrh tjhO`emo Cmldgtunh  (CO) (CO) `r ad`wd mstjh [gejthr c cmldgtunh, mldgtunh, tjh s ur urbmeh bmeh wmvh cmldgtunh (Cs), k`ny -wmvhcmldgtunh (Ck), mdn c`ch  c`chdt dt c cml mldg dgtunh tunh (Cw).

Bgl. ;.; Md hmrtjqumah mbthrcmtj gd Nmvm` Egty,Yjgogppgdhs Egty,Yjgogppgdhs (@et`khr 5=, ;9=7)

\jmt‗s C`rh 

Mdswhr tjh b`oo`wgdl quhstg`ds `d m shpmrmth sjhht `b pmphr. =. \jmt gs tjh em emush ush `b md h hmrtjqumah0 mrtjqumah0  PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP  PPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP  PPPPPPPPPPPPP   PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP  PPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPP ;. J`w n n`hs `hs m jyp`ehdthr ngbbhr br`c md hpgehd hpgehdthr0 thr0  PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP  PPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP  PPPPPPPPPPPPP   PPPPPPPPPPP  PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPP 5. J`w emd wh o`emth tjh hpgehdthr ` `bb md hmrtjq hmrtjqumah0 umah0  PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP  PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP  PPPPPPPPPPPPP   PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP  PPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP  PPPPPPPPPPP   >. \jmt mrh tjh ngbbhrhd ngbbhrhdtt chmsurhchdts ushn t` nh nhthrcgdh thrcgdh tjh cmld cmldgtunh gtunh `b md hmrtjqumah0  PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP  PPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP  PPPPPPPPPPPPP   PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP  PPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPP

=9

 

 

\jmt G Jmvh Ohmrdhn E`cpohth tjh tmkoh kho`w ky egtgdl tjh ngbbhrhdehs khtwhhd md hpgehdthr mdn m jyp`ehdthr kmshn `d tjhgr ejmrmethrgstges. \rgth y`ur mdswhrs `d ` d m shpmrmth sjhht `b pmphr. Ejmrmethrgstges Ejmrmethrgs tges

Hpgehdthr

Jyp`ehdthr

O`emtg`d Hmrtj‗s Uurbmeh `d Hmrtj‗s  Mss`egmthn wmvhs

Msshsschdt (Y`st-^hst) Msshsschdt  (Y`st-^hst)  Cuotgpoh Ej`geh6 Ej`geh6 Uhohet Uhohet tjh khst mds mdswhr whr br`c EMYG^MO OH^^H[ `d m shpmrmth sjhht `b pmphr.

tjh lgvhde lgvhdej`gehs j`gehs mdn wrgth gt gd

=. \jmt gs tjh hxmet hxmet o`emtg`d `b tjh hpgehdthr ` `d d tjh surbmeh ` `bb tjh Hmrtj0  M. Khdhmtj wjhrh tjh hmrtjqumah hmrtjqumah stmrts. K. Ngrhetoy mk`vh wjhrh tjh hmrtjqumah stmrts. E. O`emthn mt tjh eh ehdthr dthr wjhrh tjh hmrtjqumah stmrts. N. [gljt khsgnh wjhrh tjh hmrtjqumah stmrts. ;. \jhd wgoo md hmrtjqumah `eeur0 Gt `eeurs wjhd tjhPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP tjhPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP. P.  M. Mgr `d tjh lr`udn hvmp`rmths hvmp`rmths mo`dl m bmuot. K. [`eas udnhrlr`udn sunnhdoy krhmas mo`dl m bmuot. E. U`go `d tjh lr`udn wms sunnhdoy hr`nhn ky m bomsj bo``n. N. \mthr udnhrlr`udn usumooy krhmas mo`dl m bmuot.

5. Ky nhthrcgdgdl tjhwh stmrtgdl p`gdt, wh emd o`emth tjh hpgehdthr `b md hmrtjqumah. \jgej wmvhs sj`uon trmeh bgrst0  M. Bgrst Y wmvh mdn tjh bgrst U wmvh K. Uhe`dn Y wmvh mdn tjh she`dn U wmvh E. ^jgrn Y wmvh mdn tjh tjgrn U wmvh N. B`urtj Y wmvh mdn tjh b`urtj U wmvh >.\jmt wgoo kh tjh stmrtgdl p`gdt t` kh trmehn t` o`emth tjh hpgehdthr `b md hmrtjqumah0  M. Bgrst Y wmvh mdn tjh bgrst U wmvh K. Uhe`dn Y wmvh mdn tjh she`dn U wmvh E. ^jgrn Y wmvh mdn tjh tjgrn U wmvh N. B`urtj Y wmvh mdn tjh b`urtj U wmvh

==

 

 

8 .Gb m Cmldgtunh =9 hmrtjqumahs `eeur, wjmt mrh gts p`ssgkoh hbbhets0  M. nhstr`ys s`ch whoo-kugot whoo-kugot w``nhd strueturhs K. bhot ky `doy m bhw E. d`t bhot ky cmdy N. sogljt nmcmlhs t` sphegmooy nhsgldhn strueturhs 2. ^jh sgldgbgemdeh `b o`emtgdl md hmrtjqumah‗s hpgehdthr hmrtjqumah‗s hpgehdthr gs t` PPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPP..  M. gnhdtgby tjh bmuot tjmt ngn d`t rupturh emusgdl emusgdl tjh hmrtjqumah. K. gderhmsh tjh e`dbgnhdeh gd tjh jmzmrn hxjgkgtgdl gd tjh mrhm. E. o`emth o`emth tjh hpgehdthr tjmt emd kh ushn ms pomth k`udnmry.N. k`udnmry.N. oh ohsshd sshd tj tjh h e`dbgnhdeh gd tjh jmzmrn hxjgkgtgdl hxjgkgtgdl gd tjh mrhm.

 

 

=5. \jhrh n`hs tjh b`eus `eeur gd tjh ngmlrmc gd quhstg`d duckhr =;0  M.

=

K. ;

E. 5

N. >

=>. Md mrhm wjhrh md hmrtjqumah `eeurs gs emoohn PPPPPPPPPPPPPP.  M. erust

K. hpgehdthr

E.bmuot

N. b`eus

=8. . \jmt chtj`n n` shgsc`o`lgsts ush gd o`emtgdl md hpgehdthr0  M. B`eus Lr`up Ngseussg`d Ngseussg`d K. Gdthrvghw E. @kshrvmtg`d N. ^rgmdluomtg`d

Ohss`d 

5

 

HM[^J MDN UYMEH  

Chmsurgdl Hmrtjqumah mdn Umbhty Yrhemutg`dmry Chmsurhs

\jmt G Dhhn t` Ad`w 

^jgs ohss`d wgoo jhop y`u cmsthr tjh dmturh `b Hmrtj mdn Upmeh - Chmsurgdl Hmrtjqumahs mdn Umbhty Yrhemutg`dmry Chmsurhs. ^jh se`ph `b tjgs c`nuoh gs lhmrhn t`wmrn gts usmkgogty gd vmrg`us ohmrdgdl sgtumtg`ds1 gts omdlumlh gs mnmpthn t` tjh dhhns `b ngvhrsh ohmrdhrs1 mdn gts ohss`ds e`gdegnh t` tjh shquhdehs `b tjh e`ursh. Mos`, gts `rnhr gs bohxgkoh mdn emd kh ejmdlhn nhphdngdl `d tjh thxtk``a y`u mrh eurrhdtoy usgdl.  Mbthr l`gdl tjr`ulj tjgs tjgs ohss`d, y`u mrh hxphethn t`6 =. Gnhdtgby tjh semoh ushn t` chmsurh tjh cmldgtunh mdn gdthdsgty `b md hmrtjqumah1 ;. Nhthrcgdh Nhthrcgdh tjh gcpmets `b `b mdhmrtjqumah1 m mdn dn 5. Gnhdtgby tjhprhemutg`dmry chmsurhs khb`rh,nurgdl mdn mbthr md hmrtjqumah.

=5

 

 

\jmt‗s Gd 

Gd tjh prhvg`us ohss`d, o`emtgdl md hmrtjqumah‗s hpgehdthr gst` khn`dh tjr`ulj tjh mppogemtg`d `b m trgmdluomtg`d chtj`n. Gd tjgs emsh, shgsc`o`lgsts dhhn t` jmvh mtohmst tjrhh shgscge sgths t` o`emth tjh hpgehdthr. Gt gs mos` gcphrmtgvh tjmt wh cust ohmrd mk`ut gts gdthdsgty, cmldgtunh mdntjh smbhty prhemutg`dmry prhemutg`dmry chmsur chmsurhs. hs.

\jmt‗s Dhw 

^` mdswhr tjgs metgvgty, ush tjh pj`t` pj`t` sj`wd kho`w. \rgth y`ur mdswhr `d m shpmrmth sjhht `b pmphr.

Bgl. =. Md hmrtjqumah mbthrcmtj tmahd gd Nmvm` Nmv m` Egty, Yjgogppgdhs

=. \jmt emushs md hmrtjqumah0 PPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPP ;. Egth s`ch nmcmlhs emushn ky md hmrtjqumah. PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

\jmt Gs Gt C`st hmrtjqumahs mrh emushn ky tjhsunnhd sogp mo`dl bmuot ogdhs. Gt sogps khemush `b tjh c`vhchdt `b tjh Hmrtj‗s thet`dge pomths ohmngdl t` lr`udn l r`udn sjmagdl wjgej burtjhr rhsuots t` omdnsognhs mdn `tjhr r`ea c`vhchdts. U`ch `b tjh prgcmry hbbhets tjmt mrh emushn ky hmrtjqumahs mrh tsudmcgs, o`ss `b pr`phrtghs mdn ogvhs, wjgoh tjh omea `b wmthr, b``n, hohetrgegty mdn thohe`ccudgemtg`ds mrh e`dsgnhrhn ms s`ch `b tjh she`dnmry hbbhets.

J`w emd wh chmsurh md hmrtjqumah0 Hmrtjqumah emd kh chmsurhn usgdl m [gejthr Uemoh mdn Chremoog Uemoh. Gdthdsgty gs m chmsurh `b tjh mc`udt `b hmrtj sjmagdl tjmt jmpphds mt m lgvhd o`emtg`d. ^jgs emd kh chmsurhn tjr`ulj tjh [gejthr Uemoh. Cmldgtunh, `d tjh `tjhr =>

 

 

jmdn, chmsurhs tjh sgzh `b tjh shgscge wmvhs `r tjh mc`udt `b hdhrly rhohmshn mt tjh s`ureh `b tjh hmrtjqumah mdn wgoo kh chmsurhn usgdl m Chremoog Uemoh.

^mkoh ^mk oh ;. J`w s tr`d tr`dll gs md H mrt mrtjqum jqumah0 ah0

GD^HDUG^W = ; 5 > 8 2 < : 7 =9 == =;

HBBHE^U ^@ YH@YOH d`t bhot ky cmdy d`t bhot ky bhw bhot ky bhw gdn``rs bhot ky cmdy gdn``rs bhot ky moc`st hvhry`dh bhot ky moo bgdn nmcmlhs t` bhw kugongdls sogljt nmcmlh t` sphegmooy nhsgldhn strueturhs nhstr`yss`ch whoo-kugot w``nhdstrueturhs nhstr`ys whoo-kugot w``nhd strueturhs nhstr`ys krgnlhs mdn rmgowmys ^`tmo Nmcmlh

CMLDG^XNH Gdstruchdtmo Bhhkoh Uogljt C`nhrmth [mtjhr Utr`dl Utr`dl Rhry str`dl Nhstruetgvh [ugd`us Ngsmstr`us Rhry ngsmstr`us Emtmstr`pjge

Umbhty Yrhemutg`dmry Chmsurhs \jmt t` n` khb`rh md Hmrtjqumah   Cust prhpmrh m bgrh hxtgdlugsjhr1   Bgrst mgn agt1   Kmtthry p`whrhn rmng`1   Hchrlhdey ogljt/bomsjogljts wgtj hxtrm kmtthry1   Cust ohmrd t` turd `bb lms, hohetgegty mdn wmthr1   Jhmvy `kfhets cust d`t k kh hp pomehn omehn m mk`vh k`vh tjh jhmn ohvho1 md mdn n   Cmah m pomd wjhrh t` chht wgtj y`ur bmcgoy. 













\jmt t` n` nurgdl md Hmrtjqumah  

 

  Utmy emoc.   Gb y`u mrh `utn`` `utn``rs, rs, stmy gd md `phd mrhm bmr mwmy br`c p`whr ogdhs `r mdytjgdl tjmt cgljt bmoo.   gb y y`u `u mrh gdn` gdn``rs, `rs, s stmy tmy gd gdsgnh sgnh mdn `kshrvh tjh Nr`p-E`vhr-J`on pr`t`e`o.   Gd e emsh msh y y`u `u mrh gd m jglj rgs rgsh h kugongdl kugongdl,, n` d`t u ush sh tjh hohvmt`rs.

\jmt t` n` mbthr md Hmrtjqumah    

       

Kh prhpmrhn b`r mbthrsj`eas. Ogsthd t` tjh rmng`, `r thohvgsg`d, b`r gdb`rcmtg`d. Ejhea y`ur j`ch b`r mdy nmcmlhs. \hmr pr`thetgvh eo`tjgdl mdn sturny sj`hs.

=8

 

 

\jmt‗s C`rh 

Bgoo gd tjh komdas mdn wrgth y`ur mdswhr `d m shpmrmth sjhht `b pmphr. =. \jmt gs tjh ngbbhrhdeh khtwhhd m =9 c cmldgtunh mldgtunh hmrtjqumah mdn m >c >cmldgtunh mldgtunh hmrtjqumah0 Cmldgtunh =9PPPPPPPPPPPPP =9PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPP wjgoh mcmldgtunh >PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP.

\jmt G Jmvh Ohmrdhn Yut mejhea mejhea (/)  (/)  `d tjh k`x gb tjh metgvgtghs gdngemthn jhrhudnhr whrhphrb`rchn/prhpmrhn whrhphrb`rchn/prhpmrh n ky y`urshob khb`rh, khb`rh, nurgdl, mdn mbthr md hmrtjqumah. \rgth ( x)  x) gb D`tMppogemkoh D`tMppogemkoh.. Khb`rh Bgrh hxtgdlugsjhr Bgrst mgn agt

^urd `d lms tmda

^urd `bb hohetrgegty & wmthr pgphs

Nurgdl Utmy emoc Gb gdn``rs, stmdn mlmgdst tjh wmoo, dhmr tjh ehdthr `b tjh kugongdl, mdn stmdn `d tjh n``rwmy `r ermwo udnhr m jhmvy burdgturh su suej ej m ms sm nhsa `r m tmkoh. Gb y`u‗rh `utn``rs, stmy gd tjh `phd mwmy br`c p`whr ogdhs `r mdytjgdl tjmt cgljt bmoo.

Mbthr Ejhea bgrh jmzmrns Ejhea lms ohmas

Ejhea nmcmlhn hohetrgemo wgrgdl. Ujut `bb p`whr mt tjh e`dtr`o k`x gb tjhrh gs mdy nmdlhr t` j`ush wgrgdl.

N`d‗t ush cmtejhs, emdnohs, N`d‗t `r mdy bomch

\jmt G Emd N` Uupp`sh y`u mrh t` j`on m emcpmgld mk`ut hmrtjqumah mwmrhdhss gd y`ur e`ccudgty, wjmt wgoo y`u smy t` hbbhetgvhoy nhogvhr y`ur chssmlh0 \rgth m sphhej `b mtohmst 899 w`rns.

Msshsschdt  Cuotgpoh Ej`geh6 Ej`geh6 Uhohet tjh kh khst st mdswh mdswhrr br`c tjh lgvhd ej`gehs mdn wrgth gt gd EMYG^MO OH^^H[ `d m shpmrmth sjhht `b pmphr. =.  M chmsurh `b tjh mc`udt mc`udt `b hmrtj‗s sjmagdl tjmt jm jmpphds pphds mt m lgvhd o` o`emtg`d emtg`d gs emoohnPPPPPPPPP.  M. Ehdthr K. B`eus E. Gdthdsgty N. Cmldgtunh ;. \jmt cmldg cmldgtunh tunh `b md hmrtjqumah gs e`dsgnhrhn t` kh em emtmstr`pjge0 tmstr`pjge0  M. 2 K. : E. =9 N. =; =2

 

 

5. \jmt gs tjh semoh tjm tjmtt chmsurhs tjh cmld cmldgtunh gtunh `b md hmrtjqumah.  M. Chremoog K. C`ngbghn E. [gejthr N. Uhgsc` >. \jmt n` y` y`u u emoo m chm chmsurh surh `b tjh sgzh `b tjh shgscge shgscge wmvhs `r tjh mc`ud mc`udtt `b hdhrly rhohmshn mt tjh s`ureh `b md hmrtjqumah0  M. Ehdthr K. B`eus E. Gdthdsgty N. Cmldgtunh 8. M semohtjmt gs ushn t` chmsurh tjh gdthdsgty `b md hmrtjqumah gs  PPPPPPPPPPPP.  PPPPPPPPPP PP.  M. Chremoog K. C`ngbghn E. [gejthr N. Uhgsc` 2. Gb y`u hxphrghdeh m md d hmrtjqumah, y y`u `u cust n n` ` tjh b`oo`wg b`oo`wgdl, dl, HZEHY^ 6  M. Kh emoc K. Nr`p, e`vhr mdn j`on E. Yr`ehhn gd md `phd m mrhm rhm N. Utmy e eo`sh o`sh t` p`whr ogdh ogdhs s . Gd sej``os, md hmrtjqumah nrgoo gs mowmys e`dnuethn qumrthroy. \ \jy jy n` y`u tjgda wh cust mnjhrh t` tjgs cmdnmth `b tjh N[[C0  M. b`r n`euchdtmtg`d K. b`r hvhry`dh‗s smbhty  smbhty  E. b`r hvhry`dh‗s jmppgdhss  jmppgdhss  N. b`r gt gs m c` c`tgvmtg`dmo tgvmtg`dmo metgvgty =8. \jmt typh `b emomcgty gs md hmrtjqumah0  M. hxpo`sgvh K. cmd-cmnh E. dmturmo N. suphrbgegmo

=:

 

 

AHW ^@ MDU\H[U  MDU\H[U  Ohss`d =

\JM^‗U C@[H 

Metgvgty =- emushn ky md hmrtjqumah Metgvgty ;- mdswhrs vmry \JM^ G JMRH OHM[DHN K`ny \mvhs   `  Y-\mvh `  U-\mvh Uurbmeh \mvhs   `  O`vh \mvh [myohglj `  \mvh MUUHUUCHD^ =.  M ;.  K 5.  E >.  E 8.  M 2.  K .  N =8.  K

Ohss`d 5

\JM^‗U DH\  Ohss`d ;

\JM^‗U DH\ 

=.  ;.  5.  >.  8. 

^rgmdluomtg`d B`eus Hpgehdthr bmuot hmrtjqumah \JM^‗U C@[H  =-5- Mdswhrs Rmry \JM^ G JMRH OHM[DHN Mdswhrs Rmry MUUHUUCHD^ =.  K ;.  E 5.  M >.  M 8.  K 2.  K .  M =8.  N

=7

=.  Mdswhrs Rmry ;.  Mdswhrs Rmry \JM^‗U C@[H  =.  Ngsmstr`us ;.  C`nhrmth \JM^ G JMRH OHM[DHN Khb`rh Nurgdl Mbthr / / / / / / / / / MUUHUUCHD^ G. E GG. N GGG. M GR. N R. E RG. K RGG. N RGGG. M GZ. N Z. E ZG. N ZGG. K ZGGG. M

ZGR. ZR.

K E

 

 

;9

 

 

;=