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Bpfa`bèüls plmbhðha`bs mb Aotlrolt l rlmls sn`abas  Abo Z. Cbzzlu Qbscao Pbotns

 

@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

Bpfa`bèüls plmbhðha`bs mb aotlrolt l rlmls sn`abs

Abo Z. Cbzzlu Qbscao Pbotns

Mboalf Caff Hfbujlr Pbotabhn (@nnrmlobèàn mb @nflèàn)

Pàn @brfns, :4:2

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@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br © :4:2, mns butnrls @ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs \oavlrsambml Elmlrbf ml Pàn @brfns \EP@br) Zlatnrb7 Trneb. Mrb. Bob Jlbtraz ml Nfavlarb

Hrupn ml Lstumns l Tlsquasbs snjrl Aonvbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn, ]l`onfnhabs l Faohubhlos Hrupn Knraznotl) Fãmlrls mn Hrupn

Mboalf Caff Hfbujlr Pbotabhn

@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Lquapl lmatnrabf, ml mabhrbcbèàn, rlvasàn l bpnan

Mboalf Caff Hfbujlr Pbotabhn Tbufb Pbyura Qbobhawbrb Q bobhawbrb Zbabol ml Nstl @fbrassb Jlohtsno Jrbabo Ulfnsn Zbãssb Nstl Efâvab Bhuabr

Ea`kb @btbfnhrâea`b  C=88b

Bpfa`bèüls plmbhðha`bs plmbhðha`bs ml aotlrolt l rlmls sn`abas / Abo Z. Cbzzlu, Qbscao Pbotns. -- Mn`uclotn lfltrýoa`n -- Pàn @brfns 7 PLbM-\EP@br, :4:2. APJO7 18;-5 Bfaâs, vn`ç gâ pbrnu pbrb plosbr on qul á b aotlrolt> Jlc, sl ‖mlrcns uc Hnnhfl– on tlrcn ‖aotlrolt–

`klhbrlcns eb`afclotl ä Xaiapámab l tlrlcns b`lssn ä slhuaotl lxpfa`bèàn7 Aotlrolt á uc sastlcb hfnjbf ml rlmls ml `ncputbmnrls

aotlrfahbmbs qul utafazbc uc `noguotn prðpran ml

2:

 

@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

prntn`nfns (Aotlrolt Trntn`nf Puatl nu ]@T/AT)  ]@T/AT)  `nc n prnpðsatn ml slrvar prnhrlssavbclotl usuârans on cuomn aotlarn. Á ucb rlml ml vârabs nutrbs rlmls, qul `nosastl ml cafküls ml lcprlsbs pravbmbs, p÷jfa`bs, b`bmçca`bs l ml hnvlron, `nc bf`bo`l fn`bf l hfnjbf l qul lstâ fahbmb pnr ucb bcpfb vbralmbml ml tl`onfnhabs ml rlml lfltrýoa`b, slc ean l ðpta`bs (AO]LZOL], :421, s/p.).

Á aotlrlssbotl mlstb`brcns mlstb mleaoaèàn qul b aotlrolt  ucb ‖rlml ml vrabs nutrbs rlmls–, nu slgb, bs aoenrcbèls maspnoãvlas lstàn  ‐  btá `lrtn pnotn, pnrqul `lrtbclotl lxastlc lx`lèüls  ‐ mls`lotrbfazbmbs. N b`lssn b lfbs sl mâ pnr

uc lcbrbokbmn ml `bcaokns mls`nokl`amns mn usuâran `ncuc. Lotàn, `ncn ebzlcns pbrb lo`notrbr n qul prn`urbcns> Tnmlcns, `ncn botls, utafazbr uc obvlhbmnr pbrb b`lssbr uc jus`bmnr, `ncn n Hnnhfl. Ml ebtn, l lstb eb`afambml ons cnstrb `ncn, bn clons ouc praclarn cnclotn, bs aoenrcbèüls ob aotlrolt lstàn b`lssãvlas ml enrcb râpamb l sacpfls. Cbs slrâ qul assn vbfl pbrb tnmns ns tapns ml aoenrcbèàn> Bfaâs, qubomn utafazbcns uc obvlhbmnr pbrb b`lssbr b aotlrolt lstbcns, ob vlrmbml, utafazbomn b Xnrfm Xaml Xlj  ‐  n ebcnsn www, nu sacpflsclotl b wlj. L assn sahoaea`b qul lstbcns b`lssbomn bplobs ucb plqulob pbrtl vasãvlf mb aotlrolt. Lc nutrbs pbfbvrbs, kâ cuatn cbas aoenrcbèüls aob`lssãvlas aob`lssãvlas b oðs mn qul b`lssãvlas. Tbrb ea`br cbas `fbrn lstb slpbrbèàn lotrl n qul á b wlj l n qul á b aotlrolt vlgbcns b acbhlc b slhuar7

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@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

Eahurb 2. Zlml ml maspnsatavns aotlr`nol`tbmns aotlr`nol`tbmns Enotl7 Tras`afb Bflxbomrl Bf lxbomrl (PLbM/\EP@br)

Olstb sacpfls rlprlslotbèàn vlcns `ao`n rlmls enrcbmbs pnr ucb sáral ml maspnsatavns (`ncputbmnrls, `lfufbrls l tbjflts) aotlr`nol`tbmns. Lssbs vacns rlmls tbcjác botlranr lstàn aotlr`nol`tbmbs, lxbtbclotl `ncn ob mleaoaèàn ml aotlrolt. Kâ tnmb ucb aoerblstruturb eãsa`b, ml `bjns ml eajrb ðta`b, sbtáfatls, slrvamnrls, qul á aovasãvlf bns usuârans `novlo`anobas l qul plrcatl qul kbgb trn`b ml mbmns lotrl `bmb uc mns maspnsatavns ml qubfqulr pnotb mlstl lsqulcb. N qul plrcatl lssb aovasajafambml á, hrnssn cnmn, b wlj. Lfb slrab, lotàn, uc lspbèn ml aoenrcbèüls, ucb lspá`al ml bpfa`btavn lxl`utbmn ob  aotlrolt pnssajafatbomn b trn`b ml aoenrcbèüls lotrl ns maspnsatavns aotlr`nol`tbmns. Ob wlj lo`notrbcns pâhaobs qul ons plrcatlc b`lssbr mavlrsns `notl÷mns lc tlxtns, acbhlos, snos, `nol`tbmns pnr kaplrfaois.

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@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

Cbs sbjlcns qul b aotlrolt ons pnssajafatb cuatn cbas mn qul n sacpfls b`lssn pbssavn b lssls mn`uclotns. Bs aoenrcbèüls pnmlc slr `fbssaea`bmbs `nfltavbclotl, n usuâran pnml pbrta`apbr `nclotbomn, bvbfabomn l rl`nclombomn uc `notl÷mn, nu clscn bgumbomn ob `rabèàn `nfltavb ml uc `no`latn, `ncn ena n `bsn mb mleaoaèàn qul vacns ob Xaiapámab. Lstbs sàn bfhucbs mbs `brb`tlrãsta`bs mbquafn qul `kbcbcns ml Xlj :.4, nu slgb, olfb kâ ucb vab ml càn mupfb ob trn`b ml aoenrcbèüls l b pnssajafambml ml trbjbfkbrcns elrrbclotbs `nfbjnrbtavbs. Pàn lssbs `brb`tlrãsta`bs qul ons plrcatlc tarbr uc cbanr prnvlatn mn pntlo`abf plmbhðha`n mb aotlrolt. Bhnrb qul lstbcns cbas jlc `notlxtubfazbmns, vnftlcns ä qulstàn prnjflcbtazbmnrb mlstb uoambml7 qul usn ebzlcns mb aotlrolt> Ml b`nrmn `nc ns mbmns mn AJHL ob plsquasb Tobm :44 ostbhrbc>  Bn vnftbrcns pbrb n Tobm :425, tlcns b aoenrcbèàn ml qul 18,:% mns mnca`ãfans jrbsaflarns qul b`lssbc b aotlrolt n ebzlc pnr tlflenol cðvlf `lfufbr, loqubotn Rubotn tlcpn pnr slcbob vn`ç pbssb no-faol> Rul satls vn`ç b`lssb> N qul vn`ç jus`b olssls satls>

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@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

Olstb praclarb uoambml, mloncaobmb ‖Rul usns ebzlcns mb Aotlrolt>–, ebfbcns uc pnu`n snjrl n b`lssn ä aotlrolt, mbmns maspnoãvlas, tapns l qubfambmls mn usn. Tnr clan ml plsquasbs, tavlcns uc pbonrbcb mns kâjatns mns jrbsaflarns qul b`lssbc b aotlrolt l qulstanobcns onssns pbpáas mlotrn mlssl `notlxtn ml o÷clrns l mbmns.  Trltlomlcns, bssac, enrcbr ucb jbsl pbrb plosbrcns lc pnssãvlas bpfa`bèüls plmbhðha`bs ob wlj. Obs prðxacbs uoambmls mbrlcns slquço`ab b lstl `bcaokn.  2.2. Trnpnstb ml btavambml ml bprneuombclotn

Hnstbrãbcns ml prnpnr bqua ucb btavambml rleflxavb snjrl n usn qul vn`ç ebz mb aotlrolt. Tbrb assn, ebèb ucb tbjlfb `nc qubtrn `nfuobs7 clan ml b`lssn9 fn`bf vasatbmn9 tlcpn ml b`lssn9 l eaobfambml. Ob praclarb `nfuob, clan ml b`lssn, vn`ç mlvl cbr`br sl, bn b`lssbr bfhuc `notl÷mn no-faol, lstbvb lc slu `ncputbmnr plssnbf/ml trbjbfkn, `lfufbr, nu tbjflt. Ob slhuomb, bontl ns fn`bas vasatbmns, `ncn Qnu]ujl, Eb`ljnni, Jfnh mn Eufbon, XkbtsBpp lt`. Ob tlr`larb `nfuob, aomaqul, bprnxacbmbclotl, qubotns caoutns pnr mab vn`ç pbssnu olssb btavambml no-faol. Tnr eac, ob ÷ftacb `nfuob, mahb `nc qubf aotuatn lstbvb obvlhbomn7 fbzlr, flaturb ml gnrobas l rlvastbs, lmu`bèàn lt`. Á:44< aotlrlssbotl vlrl bsutafazbr `btlhnrabs utafazbmbs ob plsquasb Tobm plfn AJHL bs clscbs olstb `nfuob, pnas bssac vn`ç pnml `ncpbrbr slus mbmns `nc ns mns mlcbas jrbsaflarns. Trn`url rlbfazbr lstb btavambml pnr bfhuos mabs. Rubotn cbas mabs vn`ç `noslhuar, clfknr slrâ b cámab ml mbmns `nfltbmns. Mlpnas rlefatb7 vn`ç tlc elatn uc usn pnomlrbmn mb aotlrolt> Un`ç sl masplrsb `nc eb`afambml ml slus njgltavns bn ea`br no-faol> Bs aoenrcbèüls qul vn`ç jus`b pnmlrabc slr lo`notrbmbs nutrn clan>rleflxüls. Pl pnssãvlf, `novlrsl `nc nutrns `nflhbs snjrllc lssbs clscbs

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@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

\oambml :. Bfhucbs elrrbclotbs l slus cnmns ml usn  Pl n en`n mb uoambml botlranr ena on usn hlrbf qul sl ebz mb wlj, bhnrb vbcns ons `no`lotrbr obs onssbs ârlbs ml aotlrlssl. Bssac, fastbcns bqua tapns ml usn qul pnmlc slr elatns ml rl`ursns maspnoãvlas on uoavlrsn no-faol mlotrn mb plrspl`tavb ml losaon l bprlomazbhlc. Lssls usns bprlslotbcsl lc mubs cnmbfambmls jâsa`bs7 ucb mlfbs á jbslbmb ob aotlrbèàn mn usuâran `nc `notl÷mns mns cbas mavlrsns tapns9 l nutrb nrhboazb-sl lc tnron mb aotlrbèàn l `nfbjnrbèàn lotrl usuârans. Ontb-sl qul,oàn onsàn btubf `notlxtn lvnfutavn mbs ]MA@, lssls cnmns ml usn lx`fumlotls, cbs qubsl slcprl n`nrrlc ml cnmn sacuftêoln l sl `ncpflclo `ncpflclotbc. tbc. Guotbclotl ä bprlslotbèàn mlssls cnmns surhlc tbcjác elrrbclotbs lspl`ãea`bs, ns cl`boascns l aotlreb`ls plfns qubas n`nrrlc bs aotlrbèüls, slgbc mns usuârans `nc `notl÷mns nu mns usuârans lotrl sa. Olstl onssn Huab bprlslotbrlcns uc pbonrbcb hlrbf mlssbs elrrbclotbs, vastn qul kâ ucb qubotambml aclosb ml satls l bpfa`btavns no-faol, l bjnrmâ-fns tnmns slrab acpnssãvlf, baomb cbas ouc `ursn mlstb murbèàn. Bfhucbs elrrbclotbs, `notumn, pnr lxlcpfn bs qul trbjbfkbc `nc `rabèàn ml `notl÷mns lc âuman l vãmln, slràn njgltn ml lstumn lspl`ãea`n ml nutrns `ncpnolotls `urra`ufbrls. B eac ml eb`afatbr b bprlslotbèàn mlssbs elrrbclotbs, arlcns `btlhnrazâ-fbs pnr slclfkboèbs ml usn. Lstb oàn á ucb mavasàn rahnrnsb, vastn qul n lstbjlfl`aclotn l ls`fbrl`aclotn ml `ratárans euharabc ml onssb prnpnstb ml lstumn.

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@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

Tlsquasb

]bfvlz uc mns cbanrls usns mb aotlrolt, mlotrn mn lspl`trn mb lmu`bèàn, slgb n mb plsquasb. Lssl tapn ml btavambml `nosastl ob aotlrbèàn mn usuâran `nc ns `notl÷mns maspnoãvlas ob wlj. Á acpnrtbotl flvbr lc `notb qul b plsquasb on clan mahatbf mlvl euo`anobr ml cbolarb boâfnhb ä plsquasb ml `notl÷mns acprlssns on qul tbohl ä maoêca`b ml flaturb, rleflxàn l prnmuèàn ml `nokl`aclotn b pbrtar mns `notl÷mns b`lssbmns. Assn qulr mazlr qul, lcjnrb pnssb kbvlr ucb slosbèàn ml qul kâ ucb qubotambml cbanr ml aoenrcbèàn ob aotlrolt l qul ns `notl÷mns maspnoãvlas pnmlc slr bprnprabmns l utafazbmns ml cbolarb cbas prâta`b  ‐ ploslcns, pnr lxlcpfn, ob maoêca`b mn ‖`npab l `nfb–  ‐, á prl`asn tlr pnsturb áta`b l rlspnosâvlf qubotn bn usn ml `notl÷mns maspnoãvlas ob wlj. B ol`lssambml ml `kl`br bs enotls, ml `atbr butnrls, ml jus`br cbas ml uc `bobf ml aoenrcbèüls l, prao`apbfclotl, ml prnmuzar rleflxüls `rãta`bs l oàn snclotl b`ucufbr `notl÷mns sl ebz lsslo`abf ob maoêca`b ml plsquasb on `notlxtn mb aotlrolt. Bssac, á aotlrlssbotl suhlrar qul ns bfuons utafazlc b wlj pbrb ebzlr plsquasbs, cbs á acpnrtbotl rlenrèbr pbrb lfls n `brâtlr mb `noeabjafambml mb aoenrcbèàn maspnoãvlf no-faol. Tnr assn, cuatbs vlzls n Hnnhfl oàn slrâ b clfknr ls`nfkb pbrb jus`br uc `notl÷mn. Tbrb bfác mlfl, suhlracns bfhuos nutrns jus`bmnrls lspl`abfazbmns lc `notl÷mns b`bmçca`ns l (kttp7//www.s`alfn.jr), , Hnnhfl B`bmçca`n lmu`btavns7 P`alfn  (kttp7//www.s`alfn.jr) (kttps7//s`knfbr.hnnhfl.`nc.jr) (kttps7//s`knfbr.hnnhfl.`nc.jr), , Fafb`s   JUP P   (kttp7//jrbsaf.jvs.jr) (kttp7//jrbsaf.jvs.jr),, Tnrtbf ml (kttp7//fafb`s.jvsbfum.nrh),, JU (kttp7//fafb`s.jvsbfum.nrh) plraðma`ns mb @bpls   (kttp7//www.plranma`ns.`bpls.hnv.jr) (kttp7//www.plranma`ns.`bpls.hnv.jr),, Jus`bmnr @nrugb (kttps7//jus`bmnr`nrugb.`nc) (kttps7//jus`bmnr`nrugb.`nc).. Lstb fastb bprlslotb jus`bmnrls ml brtahns `alotãea`ns, cbs astn, pnr sa sð, oàn sahoaea`b hbrbotab ml `noeaboèb ob aoenrcbèàn jus`bmb. Botls ml usbr ns brtahns bã lo`notrbmns, ouc `notlxtn ml lmu`bèàn, vbfl b plob jus`br cbas aoenrcbèüls snjrl ns butnrls, b cltnmnfnhab b rlbfazbèàn mb plsquasb,snjrl n `notlxtn lc qul utafazbmb n brtahn pbrb ena pujfa`bmn l btá clscn lc qul rlvastb nu nutrn fuhbr f uhbr lfl lstâ maspnoajafazbmn.

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@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

Kâ ucb fastb hrboml, maspnoãvlf ob Xaiapámab, snjrl cbas jus`bmnrls ml brtahns `alotãea`ns. @bsn qularbc, lfb pnml slr `nosuftbmb olstl lomlrlèn7 kttps7//lo.waiaplmab.nrh/wa kttps7//lo.w aiaplmab.nrh/waia/Fast^ne^b`bm ia/Fast^ne^b`bmlca`^mbtbj lca`^mbtbjbsls^bom bsls^bom  ^slbr`k^lohaols  ^slbr`k^loha ols (÷ftacn b`lssn elatn lc 21 cbr. :421). Á `fbrn qul pbrb bfhuos oãvlas mb lmu`bèàn oàn ebz cuatn slotamn jus`br aoenrcbèüls lc brtahns `alotãea`ns, cbs n `uambmn `nc b qubfambml mb aoenrcbèàn jus`bmb mlvl slcprl prlvbfl`lr l tbcjác b prâta`b ml `atbr bs enotls l rlelrço`abs lc tnmn trbjbfkn ls`nfbr l b`bmçca`n. Tbrb n losaon jâsa`n, prao`apbfclotl, nu pbrb `notlxtns ml `ursns favrls, á jbstbotl `ncuc b utafazbèàn ml enotls oàn `alotãea`bs nu b`bmçca`bs ml plsquasb. Rulc oàn sl flcjrb ml ebzlr plsquasbs lc rlvastbs l  gnrobas qubomn lstbvb ob ls`nfb> On cnclotn btubf, bs plsquasbs lc gnrobas l rlvastbs pnmlc slr `ncpflclotbmbs pnr b`lssn b jfnhs, pâhaobs ml rlmls sn`abas l `bobas ml vãmln on Qnu]ujl, pnr lxlcpfn. Á sbumâvlf lstacufbr n usn ml enotls oàn b`bmçca`bs l `alotãea`bs gustbclotl pnr slr acpnrtbotl vbfambr nutrns mas`ursns  ‐ `ncn ns pnáta`ns l brtãsta`ns  ‐, cbs á lsslo`abf lstacufbr tbcjác b rleflxàn `rãta`b b`lr`b mns `notl÷mns l tbcjác uc lotlomaclotn ml rlsplatn äs maelrloèbs, ä favrl lxprlssàn l b vbfnrls áta`ns. L, pnr eac, vbfl mazlr qul, sð pnrqul lxastl ucb eb`afambml cuatn hrboml ml jus`br `notl÷mns ob aotlrolt, assn oàn sahoaea`b qul slgb ol`lssbrabclotl cbas vbotbgnsn utafazâ-fb pbrb plsquasb bn aovás mns trbma`anobas cátnmns qul sl utafazbc ml favrns l rlvastbs l nutrns `notl÷mns oàn vartubas. B flaturb enrb mb tlfb mn `ncputbmnr lstacufb kbjafambmls l plr`lpèüls lspl`ãea`bs qul oàn pnmlc slr sujstatuãmbs plfn bcjalotl vartubf, l pnr lssb rbzàn sl ebz acpnrtbotl n usn `ncjaobmn ml prn`lssns mahatbas l eãsa`ns ml plsquasb, lotlomlomn qul lstb oàn á snclotl b fastbhlc l louclrbèàn ml `notl÷mns, cbs tbcjác b rleflxàn l prnmuèàn ml plosbclotn b pbrtar mlfls.

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@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

ncpbrtafkbclotn ncpbrtafkbc lotn ml brquavns

Nutrn usn jbstbotl `ncuc qul b aotlrolt ons plrcatl á n `ncpbrtafkbclotn ml brquavns. Lc hlrbf á uc rl`ursn ml càn ÷oa`b, nu slgb, qul oàn nelrl`l n mlslovnfvaclotn ml bfhucb brhuclotbèàn nu trn`b ml amlabs ob clscb pfbtbenrcb, cbs á, slc m÷vambs, uc rl`ursn eb`afatbmnr qul bcpfab n b`lssn b tlxtns, vãmlns, acbhlos, lotrl nutrns, plrcataomn qul lssls cbtlrabas slgbc trbjbfkbmns mlpnas, tbotn ouc lspbèn prlslo`abf qubotn lc nutrn lspbèn vartubf. Bs hrbomls lcprlsbs ml tl`onfnhab, rlspnosâvlas pnr jnb pbrtl mn trâelhn ml mbmns ob aotlrolt, nelrl`lc vlrsüls hrbtuatbs l pbhbs mlssls slrvaèns, mns qubas mlstb`bcns7  Hnnhfl Mravl   (kttp7//mravl.hnnhfl.`nc) (kttp7//mravl.hnnhfl.`nc),, Bppfl a@fnum (www.a`fnum.`nc),, Ca`rnsnet NolMrav (www.a`fnum.`nc) NolMravl l  (nolmravl.favl.`nc) (nolmravl.favl.`nc).. =Pkbrlm Bfác mlstls, mlstb`bcns baomb n (slbr`k.=skbrlm.`nc),, qul tlc b vbotbhlc ml plrcatar ucb (slbr`k.=skbrlm.`nc) jus`b pnr mn`uclotns (tlxtns, âumans, vãmlns lt`.) p÷jfa`ns, mlotrl ns qubas á pnssãvlf lo`notrbr cuatns favrns ob ãotlhrb (qul olc slcprl tçc marlatns butnrbas favrls pbrb n `ncpbrtafkbclotn, cbs lstl bssuotn, bplsbr ml cuatn acpnrtbotl, á bssuotn lspl`ãea`n ml nutrn `ncpnolotl (kttp7//mrnpjnx.`nc),, jbstbotl `ncuc. `urra`ufbr) l n Mrnpjnx (kttp7//mrnpjnx.`nc) Bs elrrbclotbs ml `ncpbrtafkbclotn ml brquavns bprlslotbc b pnssajafambml ml `ncpbrtafkbclotn marltn ml `notl÷mns lotrl usuârans, slc qul lfls slgbc eaftrbmns l práslfl`anobmns pnr aostatuaèüls. Tnr lxlcpfn, bons btrâs, qubomn oàn kbvab b pnssajafambml ml `ncpbrtafkbclotn ml `notl÷mn mlssb cbolarb, sl bfhuác eazlssl uc eafcl l tavlssl b aotloèàn ml lxaja-fn lrb prl`asn qul uc `bobf ml ]U nu ucb lcprlsb ml mastrajuaèàn ml eafcls quaslssl mavufhâ-fn. Kngl, á pnssãvlf maspnoajafazbr lssl eafcl ob wlj ml cbolarb aomlplomlotl l butýoncb pnr clan mn `ncpbrtafkbclotn ml brquavns.

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@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

Trnmuèàn `nfbjnrbtavb ml mn`uclotns mn`uclotns

Bqua `nclèbcns b ons bprnvlatbr uc pnu`n cbas mbs pnssajafambmls qul b Xlj :.4 ons nelrl`l, pnas lstls slrvaèns plrcatlc qul vârabs plssnbs, lc maelrlotls fn`bfambmls, trbjbfklc lc `noguotn, ml enrcb são`rnob nu bssão`rnob, `rabomn tlxtns, pfboafkbs, sfamls, lotrl nutrns. Bs pfbtbenrcbs cbas `nokl`ambs sàn tbcjác bs clscbs `atbmbs botlranrclotl, Hnnhfl Hnnh fl Mravl Mrav l, Bppfl a@fnum l Ca`rnsnet NolMrav NolMravl l. Bfác ml plrcatar b ls`ratb mns mn`uclotns, bfhuos mlssls slrvaèns tbcjác plrcatlc qul sl ebèb uc `kbt lotrl ns pbrta`apbotls l qul sl cbrqulc rlvasüls ml vlrsüls mns mn`uclotns, pbrb slrlc rl`uplrbmbs pnstlranrclotl, `bsn ol`lssâran. B prnmuèàn `nfbjnrbtavb ml mn`uclotns btub ml cbolarb slclfkbotl bn `ncpbrtafkbclotn ml brquavns qubomn n bssuotn á b `ncuoa`bèàn marltb lotrl ns suglatns. Mubs (nu cbas) plssnbs pnmlc lstbr cuatn mastbotls easa`bclotl, cbs trbjbfkbomn sacuftbolbclotl sacuftbolbclotl ouc clscn mn`uclotn. L baomb lxastl, lc cuatns `bsns, b pnssajafambml ml tnrobr p÷jfa`ns lssl `notl÷mns. B Xaiapámab   tbfvlz slgb b cbas ebcnsb pfbtbenrcb ml prnmuèàn `nfbjnrbtavb ml `notl÷mn. N prngltn `nostatua-sl oucb lo`a`fnpámab no-faol, cuftafãohul l `nfbjnrbtavb. Plus vlrjltls sàn ls`ratns pnr lmatnrls vnfuotârans l sàn bjlrtns b cumboèbs l onvbs lmaèüls. Zlpnsatðrans ml cbtlrabas mamâta`ns

Cuatbs uoavlrsambmls jrbsaflarbs (l tbcjác lstrbohlarbs) pnssulc rlpnsatðrans ml cbtlrabas mamâta`ns qul pnmlc euo`anobr `ncn njgltns ml bprlomazbhlc, nu slgb, qul pnmlc slr rlutafazbmns lc mavlrsns `notlxtns. Uãmlns, tlxtns, boacbèüls, afustrbèüls, b vbralmbml ml cbtlrabas á hrboml. Mlstb`bcns bqua ns slhuaotls satls7 Favrl Pbjlr   (kttp7//favrlsbjlr.slbm.ues`br.jr),,  Jbo`n Aotlrob`anobf ml (kttp7//favrlsbjlr.slbm.ues`br.jr)

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@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

Njgltns Lmu`b`anobas   (kttp7//njgltnslmu`b`anobas.cl`.hnv.jr) (kttp7//njgltnslmu`b`anobas.cl`.hnv.jr),, Fbjnrbtðran Mamâta`n Uartubf   (kttp7//www.fbjvart.el.usp.jr) (kttp7//www.fbjvart.el.usp.jr),, Zavlm Zlml Aotlrbtav Aotlrbtavb b Uartubf Ua rtubf ml Lmu`b Lmu`bèàn èàn  

(kttp7//ravlm.cl`.hnv.jr). (kttp7//ravlm.cl`.hnv.jr). @ncn clo`anobmn botlranrclotl, sàn cuatns rlpnsatðrans qul lo`notrbcns no-faol, lotàn vbfl b plob ebzlr ucb jus`b pnr nutrns cbas, bfác, `fbrn, mb jus`b pnr njgltns l cbtlrabas mlotrn ml `bmb uc mlssls rlpnsatðrans. Bfhuos rlpnsatðrans pnssulc sastlcbs ml jus`b aotlrons clfknrls mn qul nutrns, l cuatbs vlzls á prl`asn vbrabr bs pbfbvrbs-`kbvl utafazbmbs ob jus`b pbrb lo`notrbrcns jlc bquafn qul prn`urbcns prn`urbcns.. Baomb qul oàn bprlslotl uc `notl÷mn lx`fusavbclotl mamâta`n, hnstbrãbcns ml clo`anobr bqua nutrn satl, n Aotlrolt Br`kavl   (br`kavl.nrh) (br`kavl.nrh).. Lfl á ucb lspá`al ml jajfantl`b mahatbf qul bprlslotb bplobs oàn rlstratn pnr vbrabc flas ml marlatns butnrbas. Á `fbrn qul bs`notl÷mn flas ml marlatns butnrbas ml pbãs pbrb pbãs l qul, pnr assn, lc bfhuos `bsns, tbfvlz slgb prl`asn `lrtn `uambmn bn utafazbr `notl÷mns mlstl satl. Olfl, pnml-sl lo`notrbr ml eafcls `fâssa`ns b snos ml fuhbrls mn cuomn `bptbmns pnr usuârans, oucb rlml `nfbjnrbtavb, pbssbomn pnr favrns, entns l snetwbrls. rabèàn l `ncpbrtafkbclotn ml `notl÷mn lc âuman l vãmln   vãmln

]bfvlz ucb mbs enrcbs cbas ra`bs ml sl trbjbfkbr n bumanvasubf mlotrn mn `notlxtn mb aotlrolt slgb `rabomn onssns prðprans `notl÷mns l lstacufbomn onssns bfuons b ebzlrlc n clscn. Lstbcns cuatn b`nstucbmns b vlr vãmlns on Qnu]ujl  (www.ynutujl.`nc),, cbs pnu`ns sbjlc qul á pnssãvlf hrbvbr l (www.ynutujl.`nc) lmatbr vãmlns olfl. Lc bfhuos `bsns, bn aovás ml snfa`atbr uc tlxtn ls`ratn `ncn btavambml, pnml slr aotlrlssbotl snfa`atbr b prnmuèàn ml uc vãmln, `ncpbrtafkâ-fn l lstacufbr ns `nclotârans mns `nflhbs. Bfác mn Qnu]ujl, lxastlc nutrns XlUamln   lmatnrls ml vãmln no-faol, `ncn n (www.wlvamln.`nc),, qul á n qul `kbcbcns ml XljBpp, nu (www.wlvamln.`nc)

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@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

slgb, á uc snetwbrl qul oàn prl`asb slr aostbfbmn on `ncputbmnr, `ncputbmn r, pnas euo`anob utafazbomn b lstruturb mb aotlrolt. N FavlPtrlbc   (favlstrlbc.`nc) (favlstrlbc.`nc)   á nutrb elrrbclotb aotlrlssbotl, pnas plrcatl b trboscassàn bn vavn ml `notl÷mn lc vãmln, tbcjác `kbcbmn ml strlbcaoh . B trboscassàn hlrb uc faoi, qul pnml slr mavufhbmn lc ucb rlml sn`abf, pnr lxlcpfn. Lstl rl`ursn `ncjaobmn lotrl mubs pfbtbenrcbs ena bcpfbclotl utafazbmn pnr gnrobfastbs aomlplomlotls qul `njrarbc bs cboaelstbèüls ml Guokn ml :420. @nc uc usn slclfkbotl, cbs cbas `ncpfltn, tlcns n JahJfulJuttno  (kttp7//jahjfuljuttno.nrh), (kttp7//jahjfuljuttno.nrh), qul plrcatl ucb trboscassàn bn vavn ml vãmln `nc nutrns rl`ursns bhrlhbmns, `ncn `kbt, `ncpbrtafkbclotn ml tlfb, lotrl nutrns. N JahJfulJuttno tbcjác euo`anob aotlhrbmn bns BUBs  ‐  Bcjalotls Uartubas ml Bprlomazbhlc ‐, `ncn n Cnnmfl. Cuatbs vlzls qulrlcns lxpfa`br n euo`anobclotn ml uc snetwbrl nu mas`nrrlr snjrl uc `notl÷mn no-faol l n qul hnstbrãbcns ml bprlslotbr on vãmln slrab n `notl÷mn mb tlfb mn `ncputbmnr. Tbrb assn pnmlcns utafazbr nutrn XljBpp, qul ebz `bpturbs ml tlfb, `ncn n P`rllo`bst-N-Cbta`  (s`rllo`bst-ncbta`.`nc/kncl).. N vãmln, mlpnas ml hrbvbmn olstl bpfa`btavn, cbta`.`nc/kncl) pnml slr eb`afclotl `ncpbrtafkbmn on Qnu]ujl pbrb qul nutrbs plssnbs tlokbc b`lssn b lfl. Lc nutrns `bsns tbfvlz uc vãmln oàn slgb ol`lssâran. Tnmlcns hrbvbr bplobs uc âuman, tnrobomn bssac onssn brquavn cbas flvl. \c slrvaèn qul `ucprl jlc lstb euoèàn á n Pnuom@fnum  (snuom`fnum.`nc) (snuom`fnum.`nc),, qul, bfác mb hrbvbèàn, plrcatl n `ncpbrtafkbclotn l `nclotârans ons âumans ml nutrns usuârans. Tnrtbas lmu`b` lmu`b`anobas anobas

@nc b bcpfabèàn mb jbomb fbrhb l n `noslqulotl cbanr b`lssn l maeusàn ml cbtlrabas lc vãmln plfb rlml, surharbc cuatns pnrtbas ml lmu`bèàn `nc `notl÷mns mavlrsns. @ncn

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@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

lxlcpfn `atbcns n @nurslrb  (pt.`nurslrb.nrh), (pt.`nurslrb.nrh), n L-Bufbs  (kttp7//lbufbs.usp.jr) l (kttp7//lbufbs.usp.jr)  l n Tn@B   (pn`b.ues`br.jr) (pn`b.ues`br.jr)   ‐‐ pfbtbenrcb ml `ursns b mastêo`ab, bjlrtns l hrbtuatns, maspnoajafazbmns on Bcjalotl Uartubf ml Bprlomazbhlc Cnnmfl, `ugbs btavambmls ebzlc pbrtl mn prnhrbcb ml lxtlosàn ml clscn oncl mb Pl`rltbrab Lmu`bèàn b Mastêo`ab mb \oavlrsambml Elmlrbf mlHlrbf Pàn ml @brfns (PLbM-\EP@br)  ‐, bfác ml nutrbs aoa`abtavbs oàn fahbmbs b uoavlrsambmls, `ncn n Lmui   (www.vlmu`b.`nc.jr).. Lxastl (www.lmui.`nc.jr)   l n Ulmu`b   (www.vlmu`b.`nc.jr) (www.lmui.`nc.jr) ucb vbralmbml cuatn hrboml ml `ursns no-faol, tbotn ml aoa`abtavbs p÷jfa`bs qubotn pravbmbs, hrbtuatns nu pbhns, bfác mbqulfls lspl`abfazbmns lc ârlbs lspl`ãea`bs mn `nokl`aclotn, `ncn n BU Cbilrs   (www.bvcbilrs.`nc.jr) (www.bvcbilrs.`nc.jr),, `nc `ursns vnftbmns bns prneassanobas mn bumanvasubf. Zlmls sn`abas sn`abas

Tnr ÷ftacn, `atbcns bqua bs rlmls sn`abas mahatbas. Zlspnosâvlas pnr hrboml pbrtl mn efuxn ml mbmns mb aotlrolt, `ncn vacns ob uoambml botlranr, bs rlmls sn`abas sàn, lc râpamb mleaoaèàn, enrcbmbs pnr rlfbèüls lotrl plssnbs l clmabmbs pnr tl`onfnhabs. Olssbs rlmls lxastl n `ncpbrtafkbclotn ml aoenrcbèüls l n bhrupbclotn ml aomavãmuns pnr aotlrlssls lc `ncuc. N ebtn ml bfhuos satls clo`anobmns botlranrclotl oàn lstbrlc bqua oàn sahoaea`b qul lfls oàn slgbc rlmls sn`abas, cbs qul, mlotrn mlssbs `btlhnrabs qul `rabcns  ‐  `nc aotuatn purbclotl ml eb`afatbr b nrhboazbèàn mbs elrrbclotbs bqua bprlslotbmbs ‐, cuatns pnmlrabc sl loqubmrbr lc cbas ml uc fuhbr, l oàn ebrab slotamn rlplta-fns olstl tlxtn. Bs rlmls sn`abas cbas `nokl`ambs sàn Eb`ljnni   (www.eb`ljnni.`nc),, ]wattlr  (www.twattlr.`nc) (www.eb`ljnni.`nc) (www.twattlr.`nc),, XkbtsBpp  (www.faoilmao.`nc)   l (www.wkbtsbpp.`nc),, FaoilmAo  (www.faoilmao.`nc) (www.wkbtsbpp.`nc) Aostbhrbc (www.aostbhrbc.`nc) (www.aostbhrbc.`nc).. Trnvbvlfclotl, b cbanrab ml vn`çs gâ mlvl lstbr ebcafabrazbmb `nc lfbs, lotàn, n qul vbfl b plob rlenrèbr bqua á qul, pbrb aotlrbhar `nc n `notl÷mn

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@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

pujfa`bmn lc `bmb uc mlssls lspbèns, á prl`asn tlr ucb `notb olfls. N usn ml rlmls sn`abas `ncn elrrbclotbs plmbhðha`bs mlvl flvbr lc `notb ucb sáral ml ebtnrls, pnr lxlcpfn, n ebtn ml lfbs slrlc lspbèns ml aotlosb lxpnsaèàn ml slus usuârans, l baomb qul bs rlmls sn`abas tlokbc tamn `bmb vlz cbas euoèüls oàn sð ml fbzlr l `notbtn lotrl bcahns, cbs tbcjác pbrb trbjbfkn l lmu`bèàn, á acpnrtbotl flvbr lc `notb b acpnrtêo`ab ml cbotlr b rlfbèàn ml prneassanobfascn. Nutrn ebtnr qul mlvlcns flvbr lc `nosamlrbèàn á qul cuatbs plssnbs utafazbc lssbs rlmls ons knrârans cbas mavlrsns. Oðs, loqubotn prnelssnrls, tlcns qul sbjlr `ncn fambr `nc n ebtn ml qul oàn pnmlcns lstbr maspnoãvlas lc tlcpn aotlhrbf. Nu slgb, á ol`lssâran `uambmn l maâfnhn pbrb lstbjlfl`lr facatls qul pnssajafatbràn tnrobr sbumâvlas bs maoêca`bs lmu`b`anobas ob rlml. Olstl onssn `ncpnolotl vbcns trbjbfkbr `nc b Maâspnrb  (www.mabspnrbenuombtano.nrh),, ucb rlml sn`abf ml bf`bo`l (www.mabspnrbenuombtano.nrh) cuomabf qul sl nrhboazb ml cbolarb mls`lotrbfazbmb. Assn sahoaea`b qul, maelrlotlclotl mb cbanrab mbs rlmls sn`abas qul pnssulc uc ÷oa`n slrvamnr, fn`bfazbmn lc uc fn`bf hlnhrâea`n lspl`ãea`n, b Maâspnrb lstâ knsplmbmb lc mavlrsns slrvamnrls bn rlmnr mn cuomn l plrcatl bn usuâran ls`nfklr noml qulr qul slu `bmbstrn eaqul knsplmbmn. B Maâspnrb tbcjác prnpül ucb cbanr slhurboèb qubotn bns mbmns ml `bmb usuâran, oàn maspnoajafazbomn subs aoenrcbèüls plssnbas pbrb lcprlsbs l aostatuaèüls, `ncn ebzlc tbcjác bfhucbs rlmls sn`abas, `ncn n prðpran Eb`ljnni. B ls`nfkb pnr trbjbfkbrcns `nc b Maâspnrb vlc mn lotlomaclotn ml qul, ons prn`lssns ml losaon l bprlomazbhlc, á lsslo`abf bprlslotbr `notl÷mns qul eugbc bns mncaobotls l `rabr npnrtuoambml ml `nokl`aclotn ml onvns `notl÷mns. ]bcjác lotlomlcns qul bs prao`apbas rlmls sn`abas oàn nelrl`lc slhurboèb qubotn bns mbmns ml `bmb usuâran, bfác ml qulstanobrcns tbcjác sl n lx`lssn ml aoenrcbèàn

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@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

qul `ar`ufb lc rlmls `ncn n Eb`ljnni oàn pnml slr ucb mastrbèàn. Mlstb`bcns bqua qul, lcjnrb lstlgbcns prnpnomn lxplraclotbr n usn pbrb eaos plmbhðha`ns ml ucb rlml sn`abf pnu`n utafazbmb, oàn sahoaea`b qul lstbcns mlslo`nrbgbomn n usn mbs rlmls cbas pnpufbrls. Tlfn `notrâran, pnml slr ucb jnb lstrbtáhab plmbhðha`b utafazbr ucb rlml gâ pnpufbr, lc qul cuatbs plssnbs mn hrupn tlokbc plreas, pnas lxastl b eb`afambml ml aotlrbèàn l n mncãoan mbs elrrbclotbs. Ob prâta`b, á jnc plosbrcns qul tnmbs bs pnssajafambmls sàn vâfambs, `bjlomn bns prnelssnrls l bfuons ml`amarlc, on maâfnhn, n qul euo`anob nu oàn. Bprlslotbcns bqua bfhuos satls l elrrbclotbs maspnoãvlas ob aotlrolt qul pnmlc ons bgumbr b prlpbrbr btavambmls qul buxafalc ons ml losaon l bprlomazbhlc bfác mns curns mbsprn`lssns ls`nfbs. Lstl á bplobs uc plqulon pbrb bpbokbmn qul lsplrbcns qul bguml ob rleflxàn l ob prnpnsaèàn ml btavambmls. L, qubotn b vn`çs, qul satls `nokl`lc l utafazbc pbrb `rabèàn ml btavambmls plmbhðha` plmbhðha`bs> bs> :.2. Trnpnstb ml btavambml ml bprneuombclotn

Lxastl cuatn cbtlrabf ob aotlrolt qul pnml slr rlutafazbmn lc sbfb ml bufb l rltrbjbfkbmn pnr bfuons. Cbs, sl slus bfuons quaslrlc pujfa`br nu `ncpbrtafkbr ob aotlrolt lssls trbjbfkns, lfls pnmlc> Jlc, b rlspnstb pbrb lssb plrhuotb vbrab `bsn b `bsn, pnas tlcns qul sbjlr sl ns cbtlrabas utafazbmns lstàn prntlhamns pnr bfhucb fla ml prnpralmbml aotlfl`tubf. Kâ, pnrác, uc tapn ml fa`lo`abclotn cuatn aotlrlssbotl pbrb slr `nokl`amn pnr qulc trbjbfkb `nc lmu`bèàn7 á n @rlbtavl @nccnos. Un`ç sbjl mn qul lfl trbtb> B btavambml prnpnstb bqua á ml plsquasb. Lotrl on satl kttp7//`rlbtavl`nccnos.nrh l jusqul aoenrcbèüls hlrbas, snjrl n surhaclotn mlssl tapn ml fa`loèb, ns tapns maelrlotls ml

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@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

fa`lo`abclotn qul pnmlc slr utafazbmns l sbajb snjrl bs ÷ftacbs fa`lo`abclotn mas`ussüls prnpnstbs prnpnstbs pnr clan mn jfnh maspnoãvlf on satl. B prnpnstb oàn á b ml `nokl`lr b euomn b flhasfbèàn snjrl marlatns butnrbas, cbs b ml pbssbr uc tlcpn mlma`bomn-sl bn bssuotn. L, sl vn`ç tavlr uc aotlrlssl cbanr ob ârlb, sbajb qul kâ uc `ncpnolotl `urra`ufbr olstl `ursn qul trbtbrâ mn tlcb Marlatn Mahatbf.

:1

 

@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

\oambml 0. Boâfasls l prnjflcbs Lstbcns `klhbomn bn eac mlstl `ncpnolotl `urra`ufbr. Gâ vacns, ob \oambml 2, onèüls hlrbas snjrl b aotlrolt l b wlj l, ob \oambml :, eazlcns uc bpbokbmn ml elrrbclotbs qul pnmlc slr utafazbmbs `nc vaás plmbhðha`n. Ubcns lotàn, olstb \oambml 0, `ncpfltbr onssn plr`ursn flvbotbomn bfhucbs boâfasls l prnjflcbs ml`nrrlotls mn usn mb aotlrolt l mbs rlmls sn`abas mlotrn mn `notlxtn lmu`b`anobf. Lc brtahn aotatufbmn @ncn utafazbr b Aotlrolt ob Lmu`bèàn , n kngl bpnslotbmn prnelssnr mb \PT Gnsá Cboulf Cnrbo (2118) mas`utl qul b aotlrolt á cbas jlc bprnvlatbmb qubomn aoslramb lc prn`lssns `ncuoa`b`anobas qul aotlhrlc maclosüls plssnbas, `ncuoatârabs l tl`onfðha`bs. Bn ebzlr uc rlfbtn ml subs lxplraço`abs, Cnrbo mastaohul qubtrn bpfa`bèüls lmu`b`anobas qul pnmlc sl bprnvlatbr mn pntlo`abf mb aotlrolt. Lfl bs `btlhnrazb `ncn bpfa`bèüls plmbhðha`bs ml mavufhbèàn, ml plsquasb, ml bpnan bn losaon l ml `ncuoa`bèàn. Mlotrn mn vaás mb mavufhbèàn, tbotn bfuons qubotn prnelssnrls pnmlc `ncpbrtafkbr lxplraço`abs l trbjbfkns rlbfazbmns lc sbfb ml bufb, pnmlc prn`urbr btavambmls slclfkbotls rlbfazbmbs lc nutrns fuhbrls l, mlplomlomn mbs elrrbclotbs utafazbmbs, tbcjác pnmlc trn`br aoenrcbèüls. Tnml-sl plosbr tbotn ob mavufhbèàn aomavamubf ml btavambmls lc tlcpn rlbf qubotn ob `rabèàn ml uc pnrteðfan no-faol. On praclarn `bsn, pnmlrãbcns utafazbr n ]wattlr, prncnvlomn n usn ml ucb kbsktbh lc `ncuc murbotl uc lvlotn, ucb elarb ml `aço`abs, pnr lxlcpfn. Bfuons pnmlrabc pnstbr entns l plqulons tlxtns `rãta`ns qul lstacufbrabc nutrns usuârans ml subs rlmls  ‐  qul oàn sàn ol`lssbrabclotl

04

 

02

@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

nutrns bfuons ‐ b sl aotlrlssbr l mabfnhbr b rlsplatn mn qul lstâ b`notl`lomn. ]lrcaobmb b elarb, n prnelssnr rlspnosâvlf pnmlrab nrhboazbr n `notl÷mn pnstbmn plfns bfuons (ucb jus`b plfb kbsktbh lc `ncuc gâ eb`afatbrab lssb jus`b) l bcbrrâ-fn ouc tlxtn `rãta`n lc uc jfnh nu lc ucb pâhaob mn Eb`ljnni `rabmb pbrb n lvlotn, pnr lxlcpfn. B slhuomb `btlhnrab clo`anobmb pnr Cnrbo, b plsquasb, gâ ena lxpfnrbmb lc onssb \oambml :. Bpfa`bèüls plmbhðha`bs ml bpnan bn losaon sàn b nutrb vlrtlotl lflo`bmb pnr Cnrbo. Tnmlc-sl trbzlr acbhlos, vãmlns,  gnhns l pâhaobs `ncn lflclotns `ncpflclotbrl `ncpflclotbrlss bns gâ utafazbmns lc sbfb ml bufb. Mlvlcns tlr lc clotl, `notumn, qul oàn bmabotb mlaxbr n bfuon obvlhbomn lc ucb pâhaob nu vlomn uc vãmln on Qnu]ujl sl lstl `notl÷mn oàn flvbotbr qulstüls, bpnotbr `bcaokns, sus`atbr rleflxüls, loeac, sl lfl oàn enr trbjbfkbmn mlpnas, ml enrcb bmlqubmb, `nc ns bfuons. Tnr eac, b ÷ftacb mbs enrcbs ml bpfa`bèàn flvbotbmbs pnr Cnrbo á b `ncuoa`bèàn. Lfb pnml sl mbr oàn bplobs lotrl prnelssnrls l bfuons, cbs tbcjác lotrl prnelssnrls l prnelssnrls, l bfuons l bfuons, bfác ml pnmlr ao`nrpnrbr baomb nutrbs plssnbs onrcbfclotl lxtlrobs bn prn`lssn trbma`anobf ml losaon l bprlomazbhlc. Lfb pnml slr são`rnob  ‐ bn vavn  ‐  nu bssão`rnob, lc qul `bmb uc lo`notrb slu tlcpn pbrb rlspnomlr. Cnrbo rlenrèb qul b `ncuoa`bèàn plfb aotlrolt bgumb b mlslovnfvlr b faohubhlc ls`ratb, pnas ‖ls`rlvlcns ml enrcb cbas bjlrtb, kaplrtlxtubf, `nol`tbmb, cuftafaohuãsta`b, bprnxacbomn bprnxacbom n tlxtn l acbhlc– (2118, s/p.). B qulstàn mb `ncuoa`bèàn á pracnrmabf obs rlfbèüls ml losaon l bprlomazbhlc l mlvl lstbr prlslotl lc qubfqulr bpfa`bèàn plmbhðha`b qul qularbcns slr jlc-su`lmamb. Tbrb Tbufn Erlarl (2181, p. =5), ‖b lmu`bèn  `ncuoa`bèn,  maâfnhn, ob clmamb lc qul oàn á b trboselrço`ab ml sbjlr, cbs uc lo`notrn ml suglatns aotlrfn`utnrls qul jus`bc b sahoaea`bèn

mns

sahoaea`bmns–.

Pl

jus`bcns

qul

n

 

@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

`nokl`aclotn slgb uc prn`lssn, `nostruãmn lc `noguotn, l sl bfclgbcns qul n sbjlr lcbo`apl onssns lmu`bomns, á prl`asn lstbrcns aotlhrbmns ä rlbfambml mlfls, utafazbomn utafazbomn b aotlrolt l bs rlmls sn`abas ml enrcb `rãta`b l rleflxavb. Pbjlcns qul sl pnr uc fbmn bs pnssajafambmls ml sl trbjbfkbr `nc b aotlrolt ons plrcatlc onvbs l lx`lflotls lxplraço`abs ml losaon l bprlomazbhlc, pnr nutrn, trbzlc ucb sáral ml onvns mlsbeans b slrlc suplrbmns. Baomb mlotrn mn `notlxtn bprlslotbmn lc slu rlfbtn ml lxplraço`abs, Cnrbo lflo`b bfhuos mlssls njstâ`ufns, b `nclèbr plfb `noeusàn lotrl aoenrcbèàn l `nokl`aclotn. B qubotambml ml aoenrcbèàn maspnoãvlf ob aotlrolt á aclosb, cbs n ebtn ml tlrcns b`lssn b lfb oàn sahoaea`b qul lstlgbcns ol`lssbrabclotl prnmuzaomn bfhuc `nokl`aclotn `nc lfb. ‖@nokl`lr  aotlhrbr b aoenrcbèn on onssn rlelrlo`abf, on

onssn pbrbmahcb, bprnprabomn-b, tnrobomn-b sahoaea`btavb pbrb oðs. N `nokl`aclotn oàn sl pbssb, n `nokl`aclotn sl `rab, `nostrða-sl– (CNZBO, 2118, s/p.). Mbã qul oàn mâ pbrb ebfbrcns ml bpfa`bèüls plmbhðha`bs mb aotlrolt l rlmls sn`abas sl oàn rlefltarcns snjrl n pbplf mn prnelssnr mlotrn l enrb mb sbfb ml bufb. ‖Cbas qul b tl`onfnhab, n qul eb`afatb n prn`lssn ml losaonbprlomazbhlc á b `bpb`ambml ml `ncuoa`bèàn butçota`b mn prnelssnr, ml lstbjlfl`lr rlfbèüls ml `noeaboèb `nc ns slus bfuons, plfn lquafjran, `ncpltço`ab l sacpbtab `nc qul btub–

(CNZBO, 2118, s/p.). Bssac, `ncn njslrvbmn pnr Jlrbfmn l Cb`alf, gâ `atbmbs ob aotrnmuèàn mlstl cbtlrabf, on `notlxtn ml aoslrèàn mbs ]MA@s on bcjalotl plmbhðha`n, ‖n pbplf mn prnelssnr á mlstb`bmn, slgb pbrb cbotlr uc jnc oãvlf ml `ncprllosàn mn tlcb l mbs prnpnsaèüls nu pbrb tnrobr n `notlxtn ml bprlomazbhlc pntlo`abf  ‐  qubomn `nfn`b onvns qulstanobclotns l aotlrrlfb`anob n `notl÷mn `nc nutrbs ârlbs mn sbjlr –  (:425, s/p.). Olssl `loâran ml rlssahoaea`bèàn mb prâta`b mn prnelssnr, tnrobsl ucb mlcbomb nfkbr pbrb subs prâta`bs ons `notlxtns mbs ]MA@ l, on onssn `bsn, cbas lspl`aea`bclotl mn usn mb aotlrolt l rlmls sn`abas. Tnr lssb rbzàn á tàn acpnrtbotl ao`fuar mljbtls

0:

 

@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

snjrl bs qulstüls ml pravb`ambml, ontã`abs ebfsbs l rlfbèüls vartubas qul njslrvbcns ob aotrnmuèàn, pnas lssls ebtns tlràn, aovbrabvlfclotl, bfhuc acpb`tn obs prâta`bs plmbhðha`bs qul n`nrrlc olssls lspbèns vartubas. Baomb olssl brtahn ml Jlrbfmn l Cb`alf kâ uc jrlvl lstumn ml `bsn snjrl prâta`bs ls`nfbrls on `notlxtn ml ]MA@. Bs plsquasbmnrbs lotrlvastbrbc prnelssnrls mn losaon cáman ml ucb ls`nfb p÷jfa`b, qul ebfbrbc b rlsplatn ml aotrnmuèàn mn usn ml rlmls sn`abas `ncn rl`ursn plmbhðha`n b pbrtar mn cnclotn mb `klhbmb mb jbomb fbrhb l `nolxàn ml aotlrolt slc ean ob ls`nfb. B boâfasl mbs lotrlvastbs plfbs plsquasbmnrbs aoma`nu oàn sð b acpnrtêo`ab mb pbrta`apbèàn mn prnelssnr on prn`lssn ml bssacafbèàn mbs tl`onfnhabs pbrb usn plmbhðha`n, cbs tbcjác slu Lssl prn`lssn á ol`lssâran pbrb qul usn prntbhnoascn. qubfaea`bmn l `nostrutavn mbs ]MA@, l oàn bplobs uc kbgb usn  gustaea`bmn plfb tl`onfnhab lc sa. Olssl slotamn, bs butnrbs mlstb`bc bfhucbs maoêca`bs l `nomaèüls qul sàn ebvnrâvlas ä rlbfazbèàn mlssl trbjbfkn7 pbrta`apbèàn `nfltavb, rlspnosbjafambml pbrb `nc n hrupn, cntavbèàn, lstãcufn, `rabtavambml. Nu slgb, `ncn obs prâta`bs prlslo`abas ml losaon l bprlomazbhlc, tbcjác kâ ucb sáral ml `nomaèüls ml trbjbfkn qul plrcatlc qul ns prn`lssns vartubas ml bprlomazbhlc n`nrrbc ml cnmn `nostrutavn. Pacuftbolbclotl, b utafazbèàn mbs ]MA@ lc bcjalotls ml bprlomazbhlc tbcjác mlcbomb mn prnelssnr onvbs maoêca`bs qubotn bn btn ml losaobr lc sa, pnas b aotrnmuèàn ml onvbs tl`onfnhabs on oãvlf sn`abf `rab ucb rlssahoaea`bèàn mns prðprans kâjatns `ufturbas, l b lmu`bèàn oàn sl lx`fua mlssl prn`lssn. Á pnr assn qul ‖`notlxtns clmabmns plfbs ]MA@ mlcbombc bcjalotls ml trbjbfkn `nc mastrajuaèàn mbs tbrlebs, hlstàn mb aoenrcbèàn l rlspnosbjafambml lotrl prnelssnr l lstumbotls–  (JLZBFMN9 CB@ALF, :425, s/p.), gâ qul tnmns ns btnrls lovnfvamns on prn`lssn  ‐  prnelssnrls l bfuons  ‐  sàn btrbvlssbmns sacuftbolbclotl plfb trbosenrcbèàn lc `ursn

00

 

@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

mbs prâta`bs `ufturbas bssn`abmbs ä aotrnmuèàn ml onvbs tl`onfnhabs. Nutrn prnjflcb qul `nstucbcns loerlotbr á b masplrsàn l b acpb`aço`ab. Mbmn n hrboml vnfucl ml aoenrcbèüls no-faol, á tlotbmnr pbrb n bfuon  ‐ l pbrb tnmns oðs  ‐ qulrlr cumbr ml pâhaob botls clscn ml rlefltar `nc `bfcb snjrl n qul lstâ vlomn. Tnrtbotn, á acpnrtbotl qul oàn sl plr`b b njgltavambml l qul sl lstacuflc ns bfuons b plrcbol`lrlc cbas tlcpn ouc clscn satl, pnr lxlcpfn, bhrlhbomn onvbs aoenrcbèüls bn qul gâ lstâ slomn vastn. Tnr ÷ftacn, flvbotbcns n prnjflcb mn tlcpn, qul clo`anobcns botlranrclotl ob \oambml :. @nc tbotbs btavambmls slomn mlslovnfvambs pbrb bfác mn tlcpn/lspbèn mb sbfb ml bufb l `nc b eb`afambml ml `ncuoa`bèàn qul b aotlrolt ons prnpa`ab, slu n tlcpn prnelssnr tlc qul ml sbjlr bmlqubmbclotl b eac ml mbr `notb tnmbs slpbrbr bs subs btavambmls prneassanobas l tbcjác plssnbas. Oàn kâ ucb rlspnstb ÷oa`b pbrb `bmb uc mlssls prnjflcbs, l n ebtn ml lstbrcns tnmns bqua maspnstns b mas`utafns aoma`b qul tlcns jnbs `kbo`ls ml lo`notrbr snfuèüls. Pl b aotlrolt á cbas jlc bprnvlatbmb, `ncn clo`anobmn on aoã`an mlstb uoambml, qubomn aoslramb lc prn`lssns `ncuoa`b`anobas qul aotlhrlc maclosüls plssnbas, `ncuoatârabs l tl`onfðha`bs, lotàn vbcns `rabr l enrtbfl`lr onssbl`ncuoambml ml bprlomazbhlc trn`bomn lxplraço`abs utafazbomn nsvartubf rl`ursns maspnoajafazbmns olstl `ursn pbrb lo`notrbrcns `ncn `bmb uc ml oðs pnml lxpfnrbr bn câxacn n pntlo`abf mb aotlrolt l mbs rlmls sn`abas pbrb `rabrcns btavambmls plmbhðha`bs qul buxafalc onssns prn`lssns ml bprlomazbhlc. 0.2. Trnpnstb ml btavambml ml bprneuombclotn

\c mns bssuotns mas`utamns olstb uoambml sàn ns mlsbeans qul ns prnelssnrls loerlotbc bn fambr `nc tl`onfnhabs mb aotlrolt lc satubèüls ml losaon l bprlomazbhlc. Pl vn`ç á

0=

 

@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

prnelssnr l gâ trbjbfknu `nc bfhucbs mlssbs tl`onfnhabs, tarl uc tlcpn pbrb `nfn`br on pbplf bs prao`apbas maea`ufmbmls qul vn`ç gâ loerlotnu. Pl vn`ç oàn á mn`lotl nu ouo`b famnu `nc b aotlrolt lc sbfb ml bufb, rlefatb snjrl bs maea`ufmbmls qul vn`ç acbhaob qul pbssbrab l bs ls`rlvb tbcjác ouc pbplf. Lc uc cnclotn prn`urlpbrb `nflhbs l plrhuotl pbrb lfls pnstlranr, `ncn ebrabc fambrprnelssnrls `nc lssbs clscbs maea`ufmbmls. Ulraeaqul tbcjác sl ns mlsbeans qul lfls loerlotbc sàn ns clscns qul vn`ç mls`rlvlu on pbplf. 

0<

 

@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

Pãotlsl Bn fnohn mb aotrnmuèàn l mlssbs trçs on uoambmls prn`urbcns `notlxtubfazbr b utafazbèàn mb aotlrolt Jrbsaf, bprlslotbr bs elrrbclotbs cbas `ncuos  ‐ l nutrbs olc tbotn  ‐  l rlefltar snjrl `ncn lssbs elrrbclotbs pnmlc slr utafazbmbs lc `notlxtns ml losaon l bprlomazbhlc, bfác ml trbjbfkbr bfhuos pnotns `ru`abas pbrb `notlxtubfazbr bs prâta`bs plmbhðha`bs qul lovnfvlc n usn mb aotlrolt. Bssac, mlstb`bcns b slhuar bs prao`apbas mas`ussüls vastbs botlranrclotl7  ▧

aotlrolt, uc tnmn, ml á cuatn cbanr mnmaspnoãvlas qul b wlj,slr l,   bbplsbr ml `ncn b qubotambml aoenrcbèüls aclosb, olc tumn lstâ maspnoãvlf pbrb tnmns9 

  bs lstbtãsta`bs nea`abas cnstrbc qul jnb pbrtl mns jrbsaflarns

▧

jus`b ob aotlrolt bfhuc tapn ml qubfaea`bèàn prneassanobf nu plssnbf, cbs ns satls cbas vasatbmns oàn tçc `ncn euoèàn pracnrmabf b ‖lmu`bèn–, pnrtbotn, oðs, lmu`bmnrls, tlcns bã ucb jnb jrl`kb pbrb aovlstarcns lsenrèns9 

  n pntlo`abf plmbhðha`n mb aotlrolt á cbas jlc bprnvlatbmn

▧

qubomn aotlhrbmn ä rlbfambml mns bfuons9    b Xlj :.4 bprlslotb elrrbclotbs qul prnpa`abc n `nfbjnrbtavascn lc rlml, nu slgb, `nc hrboml pntlo`abf pbrb clmabr ucb lmu`bèàn qul sl mlslgl mabfðha`b9 

▧

  n usn mlssbs tl`onfnhabs trbz onvns mlsbeans b slrlc

▧

suplrbmns plfns lmu`bmnrls, tbas `ncn enrcbs ml fambr `nc n lx`lssn ml aoenrcbèàn maspnoãvlf ob wlj, eb`afambmls pbrb masplrsàn l `ncn fambr `nc n tlcpn enrb mb m b sbfb ml bufb9 

  ontã`abs ebfsbs l usn ml mbmns ml usuârans sàn prâta`bs qul

▧

n`nrrlc kngl ons bcjalotls mbs rlmls vartubas l mlvlc slr flvbmbs lc `notb bn utafazbr lssbs rlmls `ncn elrrbclotbs plmbhðha`bs, vastn qul tbotn pnmlc beltbr bs maoêca`bs ml

05

 

@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

bprlomazbhlc qubotn aotlrelrar obs maclosüls `ambmàs, sn`abas l pnfãta`bs mb vamb ml tnmns qul bs utafazbc9   bs ]MA@s oàn `nostatulc, pnr sa clscbs, bs prâta`bs

▧

plmbhðha`bs, btubomn `ncn clan plfn qubf sl mbrâ b `nostruèàn ml `nokl`aclotn, btn qul mlploml mb bèàn kucbob mns btnrls lovnfvamns ‐ prnelssnrls l bfuons.

Flcjrbcns qul, pbrb ucb vasàn cbas bcpfb snjrl n bssuotn, oàn pnmlcns mlaxbr ml fbmn bs flaturbs mn cbtlrabf maspnoãvlf on bcjalotl vartubf mn `ursn, bs vamlnbufbs l bs btavambmls prnpnstbs. Baomb bmabotl ebrlcns bfhucbs suhlstüls ml lstumns `ncpflclotbrls pbrb qulc quaslr jus`br cbas aoenrcbèüls snjrl n tlcb.

08

   

@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

Aoma`bèàn ml cbtlrabas pbrb lstumns `ncpflclotbrls Onssb praclarb aoma`bèàn á ucb plsquasb snjrl n usn mbs ]MA@ lc ls`nfbs. B plsquasb pnml slr lo`notrbmb on lomlrlèn lfltrýoa`n kttp7//`lta`.jr/plsquasb/lmu`b`bn/.   N pnrtbf @lta`  ‐  @lotrn Zlhanobf ml Lstumns pbrb n Mlslovnfvaclotn mb Pn`almbml mb Aoenrcbèàn  ‐  ebz pbrtl mn @ncatç Hlstnr mb Aotlrolt on Jrbsaf. N aotlrlssbotl ml vlr lstb plsquasb no-faol á qul n usuâran pnml ls`nfklr b enrcb ml vasubfazbr ns mbmns, ebzlomn ns `ruzbclotns qul b`kbr cbas aotlrlssbotls aotlrlssbotls.. B slhuomb aoma`bèàn qul ebzlcns á ucb pbflstrb mn Pbfcbo Ikbo, aovlotnr mn pnrtbf Ikbo B`bmlcy :. Olstl vãmln, prnmuzamn plfn ]LM0, lfl ebfb snjrl b `rabèàn ml slu pnrtbf l snjrl b acpnrtêo`ab mb utafazbèàn mn vãmln lc prn`lssns ml losaon l bprlomazbhlc. Lc sub pbflstrb lfl bprlslotb amlabs qul pnmlc aoa`abr jnbs `novlrsbs snjrl n tlcb. Bssastb bn vãmln lc kttps7//www.tlm.`nc/tbfis/s kttps7//ww w.tlm.`nc/tbfis/sbfcbo^ikbo^ bfcbo^ikbo^flt^s^usl^va flt^s^usl^vamln^tn^r mln^tn^r laovlot^lmu`btano. Á laovlot^lmu`btano.  Á pnssãvlf `nfn`br flhlombs lc pnrtuhuçs l tbcjác ebzlr n mnwofnbm mn vãmln pbrb vlr n `notl÷mn neefaol. Aoma`bcns tbcjác ucb pfbyfast mn Qnu]ujl `ncpnstb ml sltl plqulons vãmlns, nrhboazbmbs plfn Tnr Uar Lmu`bèàn =. Bfác mb pnssajafambml ml `ncpbrtafkbr uc ÷oa`n vãmln, n Qnu]ujl plrcatl qul sl `ncpbrtafkl ucb sáral mlfls, nrhboazbmns ml b`nrmn `nc n qul sl mlslgb. Olstl `bsn, tnmns ns vmlns trbzlc `ncn pbon ml euomn n tlcb ‖]l`onfnhab ob :

0

kttps7//pt.ikbob`bmlcy.nrh

B`rýoacn ml ]l`konfnhy, Mlsaho,lncuatbs ]LM á mlfbs ucb nrhboazbèàn qul prncnvl mavlrsbsLotlrtbaoclot pbflstrbs plfnlcuomn, pnmlc slr bssastambs no-faol = kttp7//pnrvar.nrh/snjrl-ons

0;

 

@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

Lmu`bèn–. Ns vãmlns bprlslotbc pbflstrbs l rlpnrtbhlos

snjrl n tlcb qul ons pbssbc uc pbonrbcb ml aoa`abtavbs on Jrbsaf l ucb mlfbs tbcjác on \ruhuba. N cbtlrabf lstâ maspnoãvlf bqua7 kttps7//ynutu.jl/AzsKBa@vxZ;>fast3TFLth;]yGtoMperO8Ws`rapt3s`a^brttlxt&pam3 s`a^brttlxt&pam3P4242P42428004:42:444=44448&foh3pt&orc3asn.   8004:42:444=44448&foh3pt&orc3asn.

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@ursn ml Lspl`abfazbèàn lc Lmu`bèàn l ]l`onfnhabs Hrupn Knraznotl ‐ \EP@br

Zlelrço`abs BHZLFB, F. Eb`ljnni á bpfa`btavn rlspnosâvlf cbanr lc7 pbrtl mn trâelhn ml aotlrolt cðvlf on Jrbsaf. Lxbcl , :8 elv. :42s`rapt3s`a^brttlxt&pam3P2=20;