e Ball Report

E - Balll “ E-Bal

T echn hnolog ology  y  ”  ”   A

Semi nar Report  Report 

Submitted  in partial fulfillment   for the award of the Degree of  Bachelor Bachelor of T echnology  i n D epartment partment of Computer Computer Scie Science nce & En gin eer i ng 

(with specialization in Computer Science)

Submitted To:

Submitted By

Mr. Yogesh Rathi

Rinkesh kumar

Asstt. Professor

10EYTCS029

Department of Computer Science Engineering Yagyavalkya Institute of Technology,Jaipur Rajasthan Technical University,Kota February,2014

CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION 

I hereby declare that the work, which is being presented in the Seminar Report, entitled “E-Ball “E-Ball Technology  ” in partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of “Bachelor of Technology ” in Department Department of Computer Science & Engineering with Specialization in Computer Science, and submitted to the Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Yagyavalkya Institute of Technology, Jaipur  is a record of my own investigations carried under the Guidance of Mr. Yogesh Rathi , Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Yagyavalkya Institute of Technology, Jaipur.

(Rinkesh Kumar) Computer Science

En. No.: 10E1YTCSM4XT029 Yagyavalkya Institute of Technology, Jaipur

Counter Signed by (Mr. Yogesh Rathi) Asstt. Professor Yagyavalkya Institute of Technology, Jaipur

CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION 

I hereby declare that the work, which is being presented in the Seminar Report, entitled “E-Ball “E-Ball Technology  ” in partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of “Bachelor of Technology ” in Department Department of Computer Science & Engineering with Specialization in Computer Science, and submitted to the Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Yagyavalkya Institute of Technology, Jaipur  is a record of my own investigations carried under the Guidance of Mr. Yogesh Rathi , Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Yagyavalkya Institute of Technology, Jaipur.

(Rinkesh Kumar) Computer Science

En. No.: 10E1YTCSM4XT029 Yagyavalkya Institute of Technology, Jaipur

Counter Signed by (Mr. Yogesh Rathi) Asstt. Professor Yagyavalkya Institute of Technology, Jaipur

ACKNOWLEDGMENT I take immense pleasure to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my esteemed guide Mr. Yogesh Rathi , Asstt. Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Yagyavalkya Institute of Technology, Jaipur , for his invaluable guidance, and spending of his precious hours for my work. His excellent co-operation and suggestion through stimulating and beneficial discussions provided me with an impetus to work and made the completion of work possible.

I would also like to thankful to YIT Management, Principal & HOD (CS & IT) for their valuable support and cooperation during my thesis work.

Last but not the least, I would always be indebted to the support and prayers of my family in completing this work successfully. I thank my friends who have directly or indirectly contributed by giving their valuable suggestions.

Rinkesh Kumar

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TABL E OF CONTENT  Acknowledgement

(i)

Table of Content

(ii)

 List of Figures

(iii)

 Abbreviation

(iv)

 Abstract

5

1.

Introduction

6

2.

Component of E-Ball

15

3.

Projectors in E-Ball

20

4.

Working Of E-Ball

29

5.

Results and Interpretations Interpretation s

36

6. Conclusion and Future Scope

37

7. Appendix-I: Appendix -I: References

38

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L I ST OF F I GURES

Figure No.

1

Title

Processor

Page

9

2

RAM

10

3

Graphics

11

4

Sound Card

12

5

Virtual Keyboard

13

6

Sensor Module

16

7

IR-Light Source

17

8

The Pattern Projectors

18

9

Projectors

21

10

DLP Projectors

24

11

Working of E-Ball

31

12

If There is No ball

33

13

Scenario In use

34

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ABBREVIATION

QA

Question Answer

 NLP

Natural Language Processing

FAQ

Frequently Asked Question

WH-Type

Why, What, When, Where, Who, How Type

SRS

System Requirement Specification

IDE

Integrated Development Environment

UI

User Interface

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ABSTRACT E-Ball E-Ball concept pc don't have any external display unit,it has a button when you press this button a projector will pop and it focus the computer screen on the wall which can be adjusted with navigation keys. If there is no wall then it has a paper sheet holder that divides into three pieces like an umbrella just after popping up,and it will show desktop on the paper sheet. Also, the E-Ball PC supports a paper holder and the paper sheet on the holder could act like a screen where you can watch movies or something. This concept PC will measure 160mm in diameter and it was designed for Microsoft Windows OS, sorry about the others. For the moment there is no word on pricing or when it’s going to be available, however, I am sure that everybody would like to see a small spherical PC like this one.

Topic Name:-E-Ball Technology

Name of The Student:-Rinkesh Kumar

Features Of E-Ball:     

It contains wireless optical mouse and laser keyboard, and LCD projector. It has around 350-600GB of Hard Disk Drive. It contains 5GB RAM. It has two 50W speakers. It has LAN and WLAN card and a Web cam. This device has an optical keyboard and an holographic display.

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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION A new concept of pc is coming now that is E-Ball Concept pc. The E-Ball concept pc is a sphere shaped computer which is the smallest design among all the laptops and desktops. This computer has all the feature like a traditional computer, elements like keyboard or mouse., dvd, large screen display. E Ball is designed that pc is be placed on two stands, opens by pressing and holding the two buttons located on each side of the E-Ball pc , this pc is the latest concept technology. The E-Ball is a sphere shaped computer concept which is the smallest design among all the laptops and desktops have ever made. This PC concept features all the traditional elements like mouse, keyboard, large screen display, DVD recorder, etc, all in an innovative manner. E-Ball is designed to be placed on two stands, opens by simultaneously pressing and holding the two buttons located on each side. After opening the stand and turning ON the PC, pressing the detaching mouse button will allow you to detach the optical mouse from the PC body. This concept features a laser keyboard that can be activated by pressing the particular button. E-Ball is very small, it is having only 6 inch diameter sphere. It is having 120×120mm motherboard. E Ball concept pc don't have any external display unit,it has a button when you press this button a projector will pop and it focus the computer screen on the wall which can be adjusted with navigation keys. If there is no wall then it has a paper sheet holder that divides into three pieces like an umbrella just after popping up,and it will show desktop on the paper sheet. Also, the E-Ball PC supports a paper holder and the paper sheet on the holder could act like a screen where you can watch movies or something. This concept PC will measure 160mm in diameter and it was designed for Microsoft Windows OS, sorry about the others. For the moment there is no word on pricing or when it’s going to be available, however, I am sure that everybody would like to see a small spherical PC like this one.

Aren’t you tired of your PC? By his ugly shape and the way that it looks? Well, this is exactly what designer Apostol Tnokovski was feeling when he decided to create the smallest PC ever made. Apostol Tnokovski introduced a new pc that is E-Ball Concept pc. The E-Ball concept pc is a sphere shaped pc which is the smallest design among all the laptops and desktops. This computer has all the feature like a traditional computer, elements like dvd, large screen display etc

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keyboard, mouse,

E-Ball  is designed to be placed on two stands , opens by simultaneously pressing and holding the two buttons located on each side. E Ball  concept pc don't have any external display unit. It has a button when you press this button a projector will pop and it focus the computer screen on the wall which can be adjusted with navigation keys. This concept PC will measure 160mm in diameter and it was designed for Microsoft Windows OS. For the moment there is no word on pricing or wh en it’s going to be available , however, I am sure that everybody would like to see a small spherical PC like this E-BALL  shape is

spherical because in Tnokovski’s opi nion this is the best shape in nature and it draws everybody’s attention. E-Ball will feature a dual core processor, 250-500GB HDD, 2GB of RAM, integrated graphic card and sound card, 2 x 50W speakers, HD-DVD recorder, wireless optical mouse and laser keyboard, LAN and WLAN card, modem, Web cam and integrated LCD projector. FEATURES OF E-BALL:-

→ I-TECH VIRTUAL KEYBOARD → DUAL CORE PROCESSOR → 2GB – RAM → 350-500 GB HARDDRIVE → INTEGRATED GRAPHICS AND SOUND CARD

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→ SPEAKERS → WIRELESS OPTICAL MOUSE → LAN AND WLAN CARD → LCD PROJECTOR → PAPER HOLDER → MODEM

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Parts of E-Ball: A) PROCESSOR Intel Core is a brand name used for various mid-range to high-end consumer and business microprocessor made by Intel. The current lineup of Core processors includes the latest following processors: Intel Core i7

Intel Core i5

Intel Core i3

Intel Core

Intel Core

Intel Core 2 Duo

Intel Core 2 Solo

Intel Core 2 Quad

The e-ball pc basically uses Intel core 2 Duo processor. Figure shown below shows the Intel core 2 duo process

FIGURE (1)

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B) RAM

RAM stands for Random Access memory. It gets the word “random” because information can be accessed in non-sequential order. Though the data itself is stored tighter, it could be

anywhere in the “container” or amount of RAM available. RAM is measure in “bits”, and 8 bits equal to 1 byte. A kilobyte is equal to 1024 bits , and megabyte is equal to 1024 kilobyte. The E-BALL pc uses 2gb of RAM.

RAM

SRAM

DRAM

FIGURE(2)

1) SRAM don’t require external refresh circuitry 2) SRAM is faster than DRAM. 3) SRAM is more power-efficient when idle. 4) SRAM is several times more expensive than DRAM C) HARD DRIVE

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1) Hard drive is basically a secondary storage device. It is non-volatile in nature. It consists of metal platter coated with oxide that can be magnetized to represents data. We can directly access the data from hard drive. The e-ball pc basically co nsists 350-500 GB of hard drive D) GRAPHIC & SOUND CARD  A video card, display card, graphics card, or graphics adapter is an expansion card  which generates output images to a display. Most video cards offer various functions such as accelerated rendering of 3D scenes and 2D graphics , MPEG-2/MPEG-4 decoding, TV output, or the ability to connect multiple monitors (multi-monitor ). Other modern high performance video cards are used for more graphically demanding purposes, such as PC games. Video hardware is often integrated into the motherboard , however all modern motherboards provide expansion ports to which a video card can be attached. In this configuration it is sometimes referred to as a video controller  or graphics A video card, display card, graphics card, or graphics adapter is an expansion card controller

FIGURE (3)

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FIGURE (4)

E)VIRTUAL KEYBOARD Virtual Keyboard is just another example of today’s computer trend of ‘smaller and faster’. It uses sensor technology and artificial intelligence to let users work on any surface as if it were a keyboard. Virtual Keyboard is a small Java application that lets you easily create multilingual text content on almost any existing platform and output it directly to web pages. Virtual Keyboard, being a small, handy, well-designed and easy to use application, turns into a perfect solution for cross platform multilingual text input. The main features are: platform-independent multilingual support for keyboard text input, built-in language layouts and settings, copy/paste etc. operations support just as in a

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regular text editor, already existing system language settings remain intact, easy and userfriendly interface and design, and small file size.

FIGURE (5) The Virtual Keyboard uses light to project a full-sized computer keyboard onto almost any surface, and disappears when not in use. Used with Smart Phones and PDAs, the VKey (TM) provides a practical way to do email, word processing and spreadsheet tasks, allowing the user to leave the laptop computer at home. VKey technology has many applications in various high-tech and industrial Sectors. These include data entry and control panel applications in hazardous and harsh environments and medical markets. Projection key boards or virtual key boards claim to provide the convenience of compactness with the advantages of a full-blown QWERTY keyboard. An interesting use of such keyboards would be in sterile environments where silence or low noise is essential like operation theaters. The advantage of such a system is that you do not need a surface for typing, you can even type in plain air. The company's Virtual Keyboard is designed for anyone who's become frustrated with trying to put information into a handheld but doesn't

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want to carry a notebook computer around. There is also the provision for a pause function to avoid translating extraneous hand movements function, so that users can stop to eat,

drink etc … Elements of E-Ball:-

Aren’t you tired of your PC? By his ugly shape and the way that it looks? Well, this is exactly what designer Apostol Tnokovski was feeling when he decided to create the smallest PC ever made. It’s not going to be like a PDA, it’s going to be a PC with all   conventional components (mouse, keyboard, normal screen). The concept PC is called E- Ball and it’s shaped like a sphere because in Tnokovski’s opinion this is the best shape in nature and it draws everybody’s attention.E -Ball will feature a dual core processor, 250-500GB HDD, 2GB of RAM, integrated graphic card and sound card, 2 x 50W speakers, HD-DVD recorder, wireless optical mouse and laser keyboard, LAN and WLAN card, modem, Web cam and integrated LCD projector.

E-Ball computer design:It contains wireless optical mouse and laser keyboard, and LCD projector.It has around 350-600GB of Hard Disk Drive.It contains 5GB RAM. It has two 50W speakers. It has LAN and WLAN card and a Web cam. When you want to carry it around you can easily “pack it” into a ball. This is a futuristic concept, and this, I think, is how the future computers will look like. This device has an optical keyboard and an holographic display. So you don’t have a physical keyboard and no monitor! Still, the mouse is physical but it fits in to the computer when you want to carry it around. The bad thing about using a virtual keyboard is that you need a smooth surface, otherwise I don’t know how will you be able to use it. It is strange enough to call this device a computer, because it is so small, but as far as I know it doesn’t lack any hardware part and tends to be a future machine found in any house or office. I don’t know exactly how this computer will be powered but I think it will have a powerful battery so you will have a great stand by time.

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Chapter 2

COMPONENT OF E-BALL This system comprises of three modules 1. The sensor module 2. IR-light source 3. The pattern projector 1) SENSOR MODULE The Sensor Module serves as the eyes of the Keyboard Perception technology. The Sensor Module operates by locating the user's fingers in 3-D space and tracking the intended keystrokes, or mouse movements. Mouse tracking and keystroke information is processed and can then be output to the host device via a USB or other interface. Electronic Perception Technology:

Electronic perception technology enables ordinary electronic devices to “see” the world around them so they can perceive and interact with it. Now everyday electronic devices in a variety of markets can perceive users actions, gaining functionality and ease of use. The tiny electronic perception chips and embedded software work by developing a 3D

“distance map” to nearby objects in real -time. This information is factored through an onchip processor running imaging software that translates the image into defined events before sending it off-chip for application-specific processing. It’s an action that is continually repeated, generating over 30 frames of 3D information per second.

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FIGURE (6) Electronic perception technology has a fundamental advantage over classical image processing that struggles to construct three-dimensional representations using complex mathematics and images from multiple cameras or points of view. This single chip “contour

mapping” approach results in a high reduction of complexity, making it  possible to embed the application independent processing software directly into the chips themselves – so they may be used in the most modestly-priced, and even pocket-sized electronic devices. 2) IR-LIGHT SOURCE The Infrared Light Source emits a beam of infrared light. This light beam I designed to overlap the area on which the keyboard pattern projector or printed image resides. This is done so as to illuminate the users fingers by the infra-red light beam. This helps in recognizing the hand movements and the pressing of keys. The light beam facilitates in scanning the image. Accordingly the information is passed on to the sensor module which decodes the information. An invisible infra-red beam is projected above the virtual keyboard. Finger makes keystroke on virtual keyboard. This breaks infrared beam and infrared light is reflected back to projector. Reflected infrared beam passes through infrared filter to camera. The camera photographs angle of incoming infrared light. The Sensor chip in the sensor module determines where the infrared beam was broken, detected co-ordinates determine actions or characters to be generated.

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FIGURE (7) 3) THE PATTERN PROJECTOR The Pattern Projector or optional printed image presents the image of the keyboard or mouse zone of the system. This image can be projected on any flat surface. The projected image is that of a standard qwerty-keyboard, with all the keys and control functions as in the keyboard.

The Projector features a wide-angle lens so that a large pattern can be projected from relatively low elevations. A printed image, with replaceable templates allows system flexibility, permitting most any kind of keyboard configuration for greater functionality. In some types of virtual keyboards, a second infra-red beam is not necessary. Here the projector itself takes the inputs, providing dual functionality. A sensor or camera in the projector picks up the finger movements, and passes the information on to the sensor modules.

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FIGURE (8)

 ADVANTAGES 1. Portability 2. Accuracy 3. Speed of text entry 4. Lack of need for flat or large typing surface 5. Ability to minimize the risk for repetitive strain injuries 6. Flexibility 7. Keyboard layouts can be changed by software allowing for foreign or Alternative keyboard layouts

DISADVANTAGES 1. Virtual keyboard is hard to get used to. Since it involves typing in thin air, it requires a little practice. Only people who are good at typing can use a virtual keyboard efficiently.

2. It is very costly ranging from 150 to 200 dollars.

3. The room in which the projected keyboard is used should not be very bright so that the keyboard is properly visible.

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 APPLICATIONS 1. High-tech and industrial Sectors

2. Used with Smart phones, PDAs, email, word processing and spreadsheet tasks

3. Operation Theatres

4. As computer/PDA input

5. Gaming control 6. TV remote control

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Chapter 3

PROJECTORS IN E-BALL 3.1 LCD PROJECTORS:LCD projectors are systems that display or project  information or video onto a surface. LCD stands for liquid crystal display, the technology used to project images. They are the technological descendants of overhead and slide projectors, older systems which serve the same purpose. They are most commonly used for displaying images in presentations or lectures, but are also used in home theaters. Video signals are comprised of three colors: red, green, and blue. LCD projectors contain a separate glass panel for each. Each panel consists of two plates of glass with a layer of liquid crystal between them. When a charge is applied, the crystals open to allow light through or close to block it. This opening and closing of pixels is what forms the image. These devices use dichroic mirrors to split the light from the input source into red, green, and blue components. Each then passes through the corresponding panel, where pixels form an image. The three colors are then recombined in a prism before being projected through a lens. LCD projectors use separate panels for each color because it results in better color saturating than using a single panel for all three.

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LCD projectors employ a three-panel LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) system, referred to as 3LCD. LCD projectors crisply reproduce bright, naturally colored images that are easy on the eyes. LCD projectors are also capable of detailed shadow reproduction that is ideal for demanding business and home theater applications.

FIGURE (9) The white light from the projector lamp is split into red, green, and blue components using two dichroic mirrors, special mirrors that only transmit light of a specified wavelength. Each red, green and blue beam then passes through a dedicated LCD panel made up of thousands of miniscule pixels. An electrical current turns the panel's pixels on or off to create the grayscale equivalent of that color channel. The three colors are then recombined in a prism and projected through the projector lens and onto the screen. By using a combination of three LCDs to produce a final image, LCD projectors are capable of billions of colors and smooth grayscale gradations. The resolution of the image is determined by the number of pixels in the LCD panels used. Currently LCD panels offer resolutions as high as true HD (1920 x 1080) for home theater applications. New panels promise resolutions as high as 4K (3840 x 2160).

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LCDs are not just found in projectors. They are found in many of the electronics you use everyday, from a cell phone to an MP3 player to your digital alarm clock. LCDs are very common because they offer distinct advantages: they are thinner, lighter, and draw less power than many competing display technologies. A reliable, sophisticated technology with universal appeal, 3LCD is the world's most popular projection technology, delivering high quality images for the most demanding business and consumer audiences.

 ADVANTAGES 1) LCD is generally more light efficient than DLP. 2) LCD projectors can project bright, vivid images with a low output lamp. 3) 1000 lumen LCD is more preffered than 1200 lumen DLP. 4) LCD trends to produce a sharper image 5) More accurate color. 6) Sharper image. 7) LCD also delivers a somewhat sharper image than DLP at any given resolution. 8) Another benefit of LCD is that it is more light-efficient. 9) One benefit of LCD is that it controls red, green, and blue independently through

DISADVANTAGED 1) More bulky as there are more internal components. 2) Dead pixels. 3) DLC panel can fail. 4) Screen door effect. 5) Contrast.

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6) Portability. 7) Image degradation. 8) LCD competes extremely well when high light output is required.

3.2 DLP PROJECTORS:DLP stands for Digital Light Processing.

A video projection technology, developed by Texas Instruments, that utilizes a chip, referred to as a DMD (Digital Micro mirror Device). In essence, every pixel on a DMD chip is a reflective mirror.

The video image is displayed on the DMD chip. The micro mirrors on the chip (remember: each micro mirror represents one pixel) then tilt very rapidly as the image changes.

This process produces the grayscale foundation for the image. Then, color is added as light passes through a high-speed color wheel and is reflected off of the micro mirrors on the DLP chip as they rapidly tilt towards or away from the light source. The degree of tilt of each micro mirror coupled with the rapidly spinning color wheel determines the color structure of the projected image. As the amplified light bounces off the micro mirrors, it is sent through the lens and can be projected on a large screen.

Another way that DLP is implemented is to utilize a separate DLP chip for each primary color. Light from a single source is passed through a prism, which creates separate red, green, and blue light sources, then reflected on each of the chips designated for each primary color, and from there, projected onto a screen. This application very expensive, in comparison to the color wheel method, and is used only in higher-end consumer and commercial DLP projectors.

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This technology is used in both rear-projection televisions and in separate video projector, screen applications.

FIGURE (10)  ADVANTAGES 1) Portability. 2) Higher contrast. 3) Reduced pixilation. 4) Reliability. 5) Sealed optics this makes it better for use in dusty environment. 6) Less screen door effects. 7) Since the DLP light engine consists of a single chip rather than three LCD panels, DLP projectors tend to be more compact.

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8) Another DLP advantage is that it can produce smooth, high contrast video. DISADVANTAGES 1) Rainbow effect 2) Light leakage. 3) High cost.

3.3 COMPARISON AND CONCLUSION:1: Pixelization (fill factor) DLP = Seam-less , Film-like. LCD = Grainy, Pixellated. 2: Contrast Ratio DLP = Simple optics, easier light management LCD = Complex optics, more difficult light management 3: Video Quality DLP = Fast switching, minimal lag LCD = Slow switching, significant lag 4: Sharpness DLP =No misalignment LCD =Misalignment likely over time

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5: Color Quality DLP = Can match any LCD color gamut

LCD = Can’t match any DLP color gamut  R, G, B, bandwidth is depend on each color because of non – sequential system. 6: Smallest & Brightest DLP = Simple optical system, good reflectivity. LCD = Complex optical system 7: Repeatable performance DLP = Digital, precise control, constant performance over time. LCD = Analog, variable, affected by temperature, vibration, heat, humidity, deterioration over time. 8: Reliable DLP = Reflects heat LCD = Absorbs heat, performance degrads While both technologies have produced improvements in contrast in the past year, and Sanyo's new PLV-70 is rated at 900:1. Meanwhile, the latest DLP products geared Toward home theater are rated has high as 1800:1. However, one should not place too much emphasis on the specs. In reality, though the difference between projectors rated at 400:1 vs. 800:1 is quite noticeable, the difference is not so dramatic between products rated at 900:1 vs. 1800:1. Once you get to contrast ranges of 900:1 or higher, blacks appear as solid black and shadow details resolve quite nicely. Increased contrast can yield relatively subtle improvements, but there are other factors which contribute to image quality that become

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equally if not more important. Reduced pixelation is another benefit of DLP. LCDs were always known for their visible pixel structure, often referred to as the screen door effect because it appears as though the picture is being viewed through a screen door. Historically, LCD technology has had a hard time being taken seriously among many home theater enthusiasts (quite understandably) because of this flaw in the image. DLP technology went a long way toward eliminating the screen door effect. In SVGA (800x600) resolution, DLP projectors have either a muted pixel structure or an invisible pixel structure depending upon the size of the projected image relative to the viewing distance (the larger the image the more visible the pixels). Conversely, SVGA-resolution LCD projectors uniformly have a clearly visible pixel grid at just about any screen image size. For this reason, we don't recommend SVGA-resolution LCD projectors for home theater use except for those on the most limited of budgets. Three developments have served to close the gap between DLP and LCD in the area of pixel visibility. First was the step up to XGA resolution (1,024x768). This higher resolution uses 64% more pixels to paint the image on the screen, as compared to an SVGA-resolution projector. The inter-pixel gaps are reduced in XGA resolution, so pixels are denser and less visible. In XGA resolution, DLP projectors have an invisible pixel grid on any typical home theater screen no matter how big. LCD projectors with standard XGA panels still have a visible, but much reduced screen door effect. Second, the inter-pixel gaps on all LCD machines, no matter what resolution, are reduced compared to what they use to be. So even the inexpensive SVGAresolution LCD projectors have less screen door effect than they used to. The third development in LCDs was the use of Micro-Lens Array (MLA) to boost the efficiency of light transmission through XGA-resolution LCD panels. Some XGA-class LCD projectors have this feature, but most do not. For those that do, MLA has the happy side effect of reducing pixel visibility a little bit as compared to an XGA LCD projector without MLA. On some projectors with this feature, placing the focus just a slight hair off perfect, a practice The Current State of the Art DLP maintains its lead in contrast performance, while LCD projector makers have continued to emphasize latent advantages in color fidelity and image sharpness for data display. DLP color has improved of late, and color accuracy on the

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latest models is much better than it used to be. Both LCD and DLP are evolving rapidly to the benefit of the consumer. The race for miniaturization has produced smaller yet more powerful projectors than we might have even imagined possible just a couple of years ago. Light output per pound has increased dramatically. And video quality on the best LCD and DLP projectors now surpasses that available in a commercial movie theater. When it comes to home theater, DLP has continued to make competitive advances in color, contrast, and image stability that have served to establish DLP as the preferred technology for video. But the fact is that both DLP and LCD continue to improve, and both are capable of delivering higher quality video for home theater than they ever were before. Which technology is the best? When comparing DLP to LCD in a home theater environment DLP is the winner. Better blacks and the removal of the screen door effect making the DLP an obvious choice.

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Chapter 4

WORKING OF E-BALL E Ball concept pc don't have any external display unit, It has a button when you press this button a projector will pop and it focus the computer screen on the wall which can be adjusted with navigation keys. If there is no wall then it has a paper sheet holder that divides into three pieces like an umbrella just after popping up, and it will show desktop on the paper sheet. Also, the E-Ball PC supports a paper holder and the paper sheet on the holder could act like a screen where you can watch movies or something. E Ball concept pc don't have any external display unit,it has a button when you press this button a projector will pop and it focus the computer screen on the wall which can be adjusted with navigation keys. If there is no wall then it has a paper sheet holder that divides into three pieces like an umbrella just after popping up,and it will show desktop on the paper sheet. Also, the E-Ball PC supports a paper holder and the paper sheet on the holder could act like a screen where you can watch movies or something. This concept PC will measure 160mm in diameter and it was designed for Microsoft Windows OS, sorry about the others. For the moment there is no word on pricing or when it’s going to be available, however, I am sure that everybody would like to see a small spherical PC like this one. E-Ball concept pc has a laser keyboard that is fully a concept keyboard that is visible when the pc is in working. The keyboard is not physical - it is interpreted by lasers that appear after you press the respective button. It recognizes your fingers with the help of an IR sensor when you are typing at a particular place, while the mouse is a pop out wonder making this an exiting piece of technology. The software interface of E-Ball concept pc is highly stylized with icons that can be remembered easily that support all type of windows operating system. E-Ball concept pc work very easy while you are making video presentations, listening music watching large screen movies, and chatting on the net.

As years passes, the computer size is becoming smaller. This ball is known as E-Ball and its design is given by Apostol Tnokovski. He was trying to create the smallest PC in the world when he came across this idea.It is shaped like a sphere because in Tnokovski’s opinion this is the best shape in nature and it draws everybody’s attention. you'll see the pop -out laser mouse, a pico projector inside that illuminates either the wall or a sheet of paper for a

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screen, and that laser keyboard that would almost certainly be a clumsy input device. Fix that, and find a motherboard that’ll fit inside this palm -sized baby, and Apostol might be onto something here.E-Ball will feature a dual core processor, 250-500GB HDD, 2GB of RAM, integrated graphic card and sound card, 2 x 50W speakers, HD-DVD recorder, wireless optical mouse and laser keyboard, LAN and WLAN card, modem, Web cam and integrated LCD projector. This concept PC will measure 160mm in diameter and it was designed for Microsoft Windows OS, sorry about the others. For the moment there is no word on pricing or when

it’s going to be available, however, I am sure that everybody would like to see a small spherical PC like this one. E-Ball concept pc has a laser keyboard that is fully a concept keyboard that is visible when the pc is in working. The keyboard is not physical - it is interpreted by lasers that appear after you press the respective button. It recognizes your fingers with the help of an IR sensor when you are typing at a particular place, while the mouse is a pop out wonder making this an unique piece of technology.

The software interface of E-Ball concept pc is highly stylized with icons that can be remembered easily that support all type of windows operating system. E-Ball concept pc work very easy while you are making video presentations, listening music watching large screen movies, and chatting on the net. As year passes, the computer size is becoming smaller. This ball is known as E-Ball and its design is given by Apostol Tnokovski. He was trying to create the smallest PC in the world when he came across this idea.

It is shaped like a sphere because in Tnokovski’s opinion this is the best shape in nature and it draws everybody’s attention. You'll see the pop-out laser mouse, a pico projector inside that illuminates either the wall or a sheet of paper for a screen, and that laser keyboard that would almost certainly be a clumsy input device. Fix that, and find a motherboard that’ll fit inside this palm-sized baby, and Apostol might be onto something here.

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E-Ball will feature a dual core processor, 250-500GB HDD, 2GB of RAM, integrated graphic card and sound card, 2 x 50W speakers, HD-DVD recorder, wireless optical mouse and laser keyboard, LAN and WLAN card, modem, Web cam and integrated LCD projector.

FIGURE (11)

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FIGURE (12)

IF THERE IS NO WALL......? 1) When we are working in an open place we can make use of a paper sheet as a screen. 2) Paper sheet holder is placed at the back panel of this computer. 3) The holder can be opened by pressing it in the lower part

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FIGURE (13)

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SCENARIO IN USE

FIGURE (14)

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 ADVANTAGES 1) E-BALL is portable. 2) E-BALL has large memory. 3) E-BALL is useful for making video presentation. 4) E-BALL support user defined keyboard layouts. 5) E-BALL is efficient. 6) E-BALL is very easy to use 7) E-BALL is more secure than other computer.

DISADVANTAGES 1) Normal operating systems cannot work in these computers. 2) Cost of E-BALL is very high. 3) It is difficult to understand if any problems occur in hardware part.

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Chapter 6

RESULTS AND INTERPRETATIONS

As result, we were able to develop that pc that fulfills following needs for an ideal system:

   

Is easy to use. Intuitive graphical user interface. Reduces hardware. Display information at projector.

 This software E-Ball concept has been developed keeping in mind the convenience of users. It is developed in such a way that any user without any detailed knowledge of the system can handle with a little training. The user interacts with system through messages displayed at various stages. Any illegal action is prompted by an error message.

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Chapter 5

IMPACT,CONCLUSION,REFERENCE 1) As the year passes, the computer size is becoming smaller.

2) Today’s technology is at its peak point beyond what we could ever imagine. 3) New inventions and innovations are emerging on daily basis. 4) Our imaginations have dressed into reality and today it has become possible to have a whole computer in our pocket all the time. 5) At last this ball technology has taken the computer technology to new horizons

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