Dying Declaration

“Dying Declaration As Documentary Evidence”

CONTENTS

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INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………..……..pg.2 HOW A DYING DECLARATION SHOULD BE…...………….……... pg.3 WHO MAY RECORD A DYING DECLARATION……..……….….... pg.4 IMPORTANT FACTS TO BE REMEMBERED BEFORE RECORDING DYING DECLARATION DECLARATION …………………………………………….... pg.5 TABLE SHOWING THE CONDITIONS FOR ADMISSIBILITY AND EVIDENTIARY EVIDENTI ARY VA VALUE OF A DYING DECLARATION……… DECLARATION…………… …… pg.5 DYING DECLARATION: AN EXCEPTION TO THE RULE AGAINST HEARSAY………………………………………………………….…..pg.11 DISTINCTION BETWEEN INDIAN AND. AND. ENGLISH LAW a) Sense ! I"#en$%n& I"#en$%n& Dea'(………………… Dea'(…………………………….. …………..…. …. pg.12  ) S*#e ! A##+%*a'%n……………………………………... A##+%*a'%n……………………………………... pg.13 *) E,%$en'%a E,%$en'%a- - Va+/e………………………… +/e………………………………………… ………………pg.14 $) C"#e'en* C"#e'en* O! T(e T(e De*+a-an De*+a-an'…………… '…………………...… ……...………. ……. pg.14 RELEVANCE RELEVANCE OF O F DYING DYI NG DECLARAT DEC LARATION ION a) Bas%s ! D%n& D%n& De*+a-a'% De*+a-a'%n n : H0 P-+e"a'%* P-+e"a'%*1..... 1.......... .......... ....... pg.16  ) E,%$en'%a- Va Va+/e ' e A''a*(e$ A''a*(e$ ' A D%n& De*+a-a'%n. De*+a-a'%n. pg.18 *) P-*e$/-es P-*e$/-es an$ P-e*a/'%ns P-e*a/'%ns…………………… ………………………..……. …..……... pg.21 2UDICIAL GUIDELINES ON DYING DECLARTION……………… DECLARTION……………… pg.28 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………….pg.30 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………….pg.31

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INTRODUCTION

PROJECT REPORT OF FORENSC SCENCEPage !

“Dying Declaration As Documentary Evidence” D%n D%n& & $e*+ $e*+a-a a-a'% '%n n %s ase asess n '(e '(e "a3% "a3%" " 4 Nemo moriturus praesumitur  mentire55 %.e. a "an 0%++ n' "ee' (%s "a6e- 0%'( a +%e %n (%s "/'(. T(e s'a'e"en's mentire "a$e  a #e-sn as ' '(e *a/se ! (%s $ea'( - as ' *%-*/"s'an*es ! '(e '-ansa*'%n -es/+'%n& %n (%s $ea'( %s *a++e$ a $%n& $e*+a-a'%n. Se*'%n 789) ! '(e In$%an E,%$en*e A*' 'a+6s a/' $%n& $e*+a-a'%n.  A $%n& $e*+a-a'%n %s a$"%s; s%+e %n e,%$en*e e,en '(/&( %' (as n' een &%,en n a'( an$ '(e #e-sn "a6%n& %' *ann' e *-ss;e3a"%ne$. I' %s an e3*e#'%n ' '(e -/+e a&a%ns' (ea-sa. T(%s e3*e#'%n< as s/*( $a'es a*6 as !a- as '(e !%-s' (a+! ! '(e =>>s< ? '(e #e-%$ 0(en '(e (ea-sa -/+e 0as *"%n& ' e ss'e"a'%*a++ an$ s'-%*'+ en!-*e$. 8 T(e */s'" ! /s%n& $%n& $e*+a-a'%n #-a+ *"es $0n as a '-a$%'%n +n& e!-e '(e e,%$en*e ss'e" a-%ses %n '(e @>>s. 7 A$"%ss%%+%' ! a $%n& $e*+a-a'%n as a -e+e,an' #%e*e ! e,%$en*e %s &/%$e$  '(e #-%n*%#+e ! ne*ess%' an$ -e+%&%/s !"S" #$%!& o' t(e ndian Evidence Act )rovides t(at a statement *y a )erson since deceased+ as to t(e cause o' (is deat( or any o' t(e circumstances circumstances o' t(e transaction t(at resulted into (is deat( is relevant+ irres)ective irres)ective o' t(e )roceedings in ,(ic( t(e cause o' (is deat( comes into -uestion"

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“Dying Declaration As Documentary Evidence”  e+%e! ! '(e +$en $as. T(e ne*ess%' e%n&< '(a' '(a' %n *ases< 0(e-e ,%*'%" %s '(e n+ n+ ee;0%'ness ' '(e *-%"e< '(e e3*+/s%n ! (%s(e- s'a'e"en' "%&(' $e!ea' '(e en$s ! /s'%*e. T(e -e+%&%/s san*'%n e(%n$ '(e%- a$"%ss%%+%' *"es !-" '(e e+%e!  %n '(e !a*'< '(a' a sense ! %"#en$%n& $ea'( #-$/*es %n a "ans "%n$ '(e sa"e !ee+%n& as '(a' ! a *ns*%en'%/s an$ ,%-'//s "an /n$e- a'(;ne" "-%'/-/s  #-aes/"/n'/- "en'%-%.

HOW A DYING DECLARATION SHOULD BE?

T(e-e %s n #a-'%*/+a- !-" ! $%n& $e*+a-a'%n. H0e,e-< '(e es' !-" ! $%n& $%n& $e*+a-a' $e*+a-a'%n %n %s %n '(e !-" ! /es'% /es'%ns ns an$ ans0e-s. ans0e-s. H0e,e H0e,e-< -< 0(ene,e- a $%n& $e*+a-a'%n %s e%n& -e*-$e$ %n '(e !-" ! /es'%ns an$ ans0e-s #-e*a/'%n s(/+$ e 'a6en '(a' e3a*'+ 0(a' /es'%ns a-e as6e$ an$ 0(a' ans0e-s a-e &%,en  '(e #a'%en' '(se s(/+$ e 0-%''en. A $%n& $e*+a-a'%n "a e %n '(e !++0%n& !-"s: . W-%'' -%''en en !-" !-" 8. Ve-a+ -a+ !-" !-"

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“Dying Declaration As Documentary Evidence” 7. Ges'/-es Ges'/-es an$ S%&ns S%&ns !-". !-". In '(e *ase *ase /een /een ,s A$/++a A$/++a @< %' 0as (e+$ (e+$ '(a' %!  '(e %n/-e$ #e-sn %s /na+e ' s#ea6< (e *an "a6e $%n& $e*+a-a'%n  s%&ns an$ &es'/-es %n -es#nse ' '(e /es'%n. . I! a #e-sn #e-sn %s n' *a#a+e *a#a+e ! s#ea6%n s#ea6%n& & - 0-%'%n& 0-%'%n& (e *an *an "a6e a &es'/-e &es'/-e %n '(e '(e !-" ! es - n  n$$%n& an$ e,en s/*( '#e ! $%n& $e*+a-a'%n %s ,a+%$. @. I' %s #-e!e-#-e!e--e$ e$ '(a' %' s(/+$ s(/+$ e 0-%''en 0-%''en %n '(e ,e-na*/+ ,e-na*/+aa- 0(%*( 0(%*( '(e #a'%en' #a'%en' /n$e-s'an$s an$ s#ea6s. . A $%n $%n& & $e*+a$e*+a-a'% a'%n n "a "a e %n '(e '(e !-" ! na--a na--a'% '%ns. ns. In *ase *ase ! a $%n& $%n& $e*+a-a'%n %s -e*-$e$ %n '(e !-" ! na--a'%ns< n'(%n& %s e%n& e%n& #-"#'e$ an$ e,e- '(%n& %s *"%n& as s/*( !-" '(e "%n$ ! '(e #e-sn "a6%n& %'. OB2ECTS . T(e #-es/"#'% #-es/"#'%n n %s  a #e-sn #e-sn 0( %s a/' a/' ' $%e $%e 0/+$ n' n' +%e. +%e. 8. I' %s a+s sa%$ sa%$ '(a'  T-/'( T-/'( s%'s n n '(e +%#s +%#s ! a #e-sn 0( 0( %s a/' ' ' $%e. $%e. 7. T(e ,%*'%" ,%*'%" %s e3*+/s%,e e3*+/s%,e ee ee 0%'ness 0%'ness an$ (en*e (en*e s/*( e,%$en* e,%$en*ee s(/+$ n' n' e e3*+/$e$.  WHO MAY RECORD A DYING DECLARAT DECLA RATION ION ?

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“Dying Declaration As Documentary Evidence”

DYING DYING DECLAR DECLARA ATION" ION" AN E%CE E%CETIO TION N TO TH THE E RULE RULE AGAINST GAINST HEARSAY

B+a*6s La0 D%*'%na- $e!%nes (ea-sa as A s'a'e"en'< '(e- '(an ne "a$e  '(e $e*+a-an' 0(%+e 'es'%!%n& a' '(e '-%a+ - (ea-%n&< !!e-e$ %n e,%$en*e '  #-,e '(e '-/'( ! '(e "a''e- asse-'e$. Hea-sa e,%$en*e %s 'es'%"n %n C/-' ! a s'a'e"en' "a$e /' ! '(e C/-'< '(e s'a'e"en' e%n& !!e-e$ as an asse-'%n ' s(0 '(e '-/'( ! "a''e-s asse-'e$ '(e-e%n< an$ '(/s -es'%n& !- %'s ,a+/e /#n '(e *-e$%%+%' ! '(e /' ! C/-' asse-'e-.  !4" Dying Declaration+ at (tt)?@,,,"la,yersclu*india"com@arti (tt)?@,,,"la,yersclu*india"com@articles cles

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“Dying Declaration As Documentary Evidence” T(e (ea-sa -/+e &ene-a++ $%sa++0s '(e /se ! /' ! C/-' s'a'e"en's as e,%$en*e ! '(e '-/'( ! '(e "a''e-s asse-'e$ %n '(a' s'a'e"en'. Be*a/se '(e  #e-sn 0( %s &%,%n& '(%s e,%$en*e %s n' 'e++%n& (%s e3#e-%en*e /' '(a' !  an'(e- #e-sn. D%n& $e*+a-a'%n %s ne ! '(e e3*e#'%ns ' '(e -/+e a&a%ns' (ea-sa. T(e "a%n &/%$%n& -easn !- "a6%n& $%n& $e*+a-a'%n an e3*e#'%n ' '(e (ea-sa -/+e a-%ses /' ! ne*ess%'. I! '(%s e,%$en*e n' *ns%$e-e$ ,e- #/-#se ! /s'%*e 0%++ e !-!e%'e$ %n *e-'a%n s%'/a'%n 0(en '(e-e "a n' e an '(e- 0%'ness ' '(e *-%"e e3*e#' '(e #e-sn 0( (as s%n*e $%e$.@. S%n*e< '(e-e "%&(' a-%se s%'/a'%ns 0(e-e s"ene 0/+$ (a,e een s(' a' - %n!+%*'e$ 0%'( !a'a+ %n/-%es 0(%+e n ne 0as a-/n$. In s/*( s%'/a'%ns ' +e' '(e a**/se$ & !-ee /s' e*a/se '(e-e 0as n 0%'ness ' '(e *-%"e 0/+$ -es/+' %n' "%s*a--%a&e ! /s'%*e. Hen*e< ' a,%$ s%'/a'%ns +%6e a,e $%n& $e*+a-a'%n (as een "a$e an e3*e#'%n ' '(e -/+e a&a%ns' (ea-sa.

DISTINCTION DISTINCTI ON BETWEEN B ETWEEN INDIAN AND. ENGLISH LAW" LAW"

& Sense of Impending Impending Death

T(e T(e +a0 +a0 -e+a -e+a'% '%n& n& ' $%n $%n& & $e*+ $e*+aa-a' a'% %n n %n In$% In$%aa an$ an$ En&+ En&+an an$ $ $%!! $%!!ee-ss s%&n%!%*an'+. In En&+an$ a $%n& $e*+a-a'%n s(/+$ (a,e een "a$e /n$e- '(e sense ! %"#en$%n& $ea'(< %.e. '(e #e-sn "a6%n& %' s(/+$ (a,e &%,en /# a++ (#es !3 Dr" Dr" R" " Borea+ “Critical A))raisal o' Dying Declaration”JAF8+ Declaration”JAF8+ $224+ $:%!&"

PROJECT REPORT OF FORENSC SCENCEPage !#

“Dying Declaration As Documentary Evidence” ! +%,%n& 9Se''+e$ (#e +ess e3#e*'a'%n ! $ea'().  W(e-eas a $%n&  $e*+a-a'%n %n In$%a %s -e+e,an' 0(e'(e- '(e #e-sn 0( "a$e %' 0as - 0as n'< a' '(e '%"e %' 0as "a$e /n$e- '(e e3#e*'a'%n ! $ea'(. T(/s< %n In$%a %' %s %""a'e-%a+ 0(e'(e- '(e-e e3%s'e$ an e3#e*'a'%n ! $ea'( a' '(e '%"e ! '(e $e*+a-a'%n. In  R v. Jenkins17  '(e $e*ease$ "a$e a s'a'e"en' %"#+%*a'%n& '(e a**/se$. He- $%n& $e*+a-a'%n %n*+/$e$ '(e 0-$s '(a' %' 0as "a$e 0%'( n (#e ! " -e*,e-. W(%+e %' 0as e%n& -ea$ ' (e- s(e s/&(' ' a"en$ '(e sa"e an$ as6e$ ' a$$ #-esen' e!-e (#e. T(/s< (e- $%n& $e*+a-a'%n *n'a%ne$ '(e 0-$s '(a' %' 0as "a$e 0%'( n #-esen' (#e ! " -e*,e -e*,e- -.. T(e C/-' (e+$< '(a' '(e s'a'e"en s'a'e"en'' */+$ */+$ n' e -e*e%, -e*e%,e$ e$ %n e,%$en*e s%n*e< a' '(e '%"e ! "a6%n& %' '(e $e*ease$ I 0as n' /n$e- se''+e$ (#e+ess e3#e*'a'%n ! $ea'( an$ (e- $%n& $e*+a-a'%n s/&&es'e$ '(a' a' '(e '%"e ! "a6%n& %' s(e en'e-'a%ne$ a !a%n' (#e ! -e*,e-. Ha$ '(e sa"e s%'/a'%n a-%sen %n In$%a< %' 0/+$ (a,e een a$"%''e$ %n e,%$en*e s%n*e %n In$%a an s'a'e"en' "a$e  a #e-sn 9s%n*e $e*ease$) as ' '(e *a/se ! $ea'( *%-*/"s'an*es ! '(e '-ansa*'%n -es/+'%n& %n $ea'( ! '(a' #e-sn %s a$"%'' a$"%''e$ e$ %n e,%$en e,%$en*e. *e. T(/s< T(/s< (e- s'a'e" s'a'e"en' en' %"#+%* %"#+%*a'% a'%n& n& '(e a**/se a**/se$ $ 0/+$ 0/+$ (a,e (a,e s/!!%*e$ ' "a6e %' a$"%ss%+e /n$e- Se*'%n 789) ! '(e A*'. T(e #-+e" 0%'( En&+%s( #s%'%n %s '(a' ! as*e-'a%n%n& '(e e3%s'en*e ! 6n0+e$&e ! a##-a*(%n& !: Avatar Sing( “Princi)les o' t(e 1a, o' Evidence+!:t( ed"$220+Central 1a, Pu*lication"

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PROJECT REPORT OF FORENSC SCENCEPage !4

“Dying Declaration As Documentary Evidence” $ea'(. $ea'(. S%n*e< '(%s as*e-'a%n"en' as*e-'a%n"en' %s ' e $ne  '(e 2/$&es 2/$&es $e#en$%n& $e#en$%n& /#n '(e *%-*/"s'an*es ! ea*( *ase %' a+0as +ea,es '(e #ss%%+%' ! s/e*'%,%' *-ee#%n& %n.J • Scope of Application

In En&+an$ '(e a$"%ss%%+%' ! a $%n& $e*+a-a'%n %s *n!%ne$ n+ ' '(e *ases ! ("%*%$e 0(e-eas %n In$%a a $%n& $e*+a-a'%n 0%++ e a$"%ss%+e %n an *ase %n 0(%*( '(e *a/se ! $ea'( ! a #e-sn *"es %n' /es'%n. In  R v. Mead 19 '(e a**/se$ 0as *(a-&e$ 0%'( #e-/-. He 'a%ne$ an -$e- !- a ne0 '-%a+ an$ s(' '(e $e*ease$ e!-e %' '6 #+a*e. A $%n& $e*+a-a'%n "a$e  '(e $e*ease$ *n*e-n%n& '(e '-ansa*'%n /' ! 0(%*( '(e #-se*/'%n !- #e-/- a-se 0as -ee*'e$. T(e C/-' (e+$ '(a' '(e $%n& $e*+a-a'%ns a-e n+ a$"%ss%+e 0(e-e '(e $ea'( ! '(e $e*ease$ %s '(e s/e*' ! '(e *(a-&e< an$ '(e *%-*/"s'an*es ! '(e $ea'( a-e '(e s/e*' ! '(e $e*+a-a'%n. F- e3 a"#+e< %n In$%a %n a *(a-&e ! -a#e< a 0"ans $%n& $e*+a-a'%n %s a$"%ss%+e e,en %! '(e $ea'( ! '(e $e*ease$ %s n' '(e s/e*';"a''e- ! '(e *(a-&e< #-,%$e$ '(a' '(e /es'%n ! (e- $ea'( *"es %n !;"

9igmore o*serves in ascertaining generally t(e eistence eistence o' a 5no,ledge o'= a))roac(ing deat(+ Courts are no, and =?+ t(en ma5ing rulings at ,(ic( common sense revolts" 8oved eit(er *y declination to allo, t(e slig(test ei*ility ei*ility o' rule in a))lying )rinci)les to circumstances or *y a general re)ugnance to ece)tions to t(e (earsay rule+ t(ey (ave recorded decisions ,(ic( can only *e desired *ylaymen and re)udiated *y t(e )ro'ession" C"'G su)ra+ note $+ )" $#0"

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PROJECT REPORT OF FORENSC SCENCEPage !3

“Dying Declaration As Documentary Evidence” *(a-&e *(a-&e ! -a#e. B/'< %n En&+an$ En&+an$ s/*( $%n& $%n& $e*+a-a'%n $e*+a-a'%n %s n' a$"%ss%+e a$"%ss%+e ' #-,e -a#e.8> S%n*e< %n s/*( *ases< '(e $ea'( ! '(e $e*ease$ %s n' '(e s/e*';"a''e- !  '(e *(a-&e. In In$%a a $%n& $e*+a-a'%n %s a$"%ss%+e e,en %n *%,%+ s/%'s a+s. Se*'%n 789) ! '(e A*' *+ea-+ #-,%$es '(a' s/*( s'a'e"en's 9%.e. s'a'e"en's as ' *a/se !  $ea'( - as ' an ............. (%s $ea'() a-e -e+e,an' 0(a'e,e- "a e '(e na'/-e !  '(e #-*ee$%n&s %n 0(%*( '(e *a/se ! (%s $ea'( *"es %n' /es'%n. T(/s< %n In$%a a$"% a$"%ss ss% %%+ %+%' %'  ! a $%n $%n& & $e*+ $e*+aa-a' a'% %n n $es $es n' n' $e#e $e#en$ n$ /#n /#n '(e '(e na'/ na'/-e -e ! '(e '(e  #-*ee$%n&s. B/' %n En&+an$ a $%n& $e*+a-a'%n %s a$"%''e$ %n e,%$en*e n+ !-  '(e *-%"%na+ *ases an$ '(a' ' %' %s -es'-%*'e$ n+ ' '(se *ases 0(e-e '(e $ea'( %s '(e s/e*';"a''e- ! '(e *(a-&e. 8 • Evidentiary Value

An'(e An'(e-- $%s'% $%s'%n*' n*'%n %n e'0ee e'0een n In$%an In$%an an$ En&+%s En&+%s( ( +a0 %s 0%'( 0%'( -es#e* -es#e*'' ' e,%$en'%a- ,a+/e ' e a''a*(e$ ' a $%n& $e*+a-a'%n. T(%s $%!!e-en*e 0as #%n'e$ /' %n '(e *ase ! P+/s  Jasunga S/oAkumu v. R. 22 0(e-e '(e C/-' e"#(as%e$ '(a' $2"Su)ra+ note 4+ )" :#4"

$!"Su)ra+ note 4+ )" :#4"

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PROJECT REPORT OF FORENSC SCENCEPage !:

“Dying Declaration As Documentary Evidence” '(e 0e%&(' ' e a''a*(e$ ' a $%n& $e*+a-a'%n -e*-$e$ /n$e- S. 789) ! '(e A*' 0/+$ e +ess '(an '(e 0e%&(' ' e a''a*(e$ ' a $%n& $e*+a-a'%n /n$e- *""n +a0 -/+es. T(e -easn%n& e(%n$ s/*( se-,a'%n 0as '(a' '(e $%n& $e*+a-a'%n /n$e /n$e-- S. 789 789)) 0/+ 0/+$ $ +a*6 +a*6 '(a' '(a' s#e* s#e*%a %a++ /a+ /a+%' %'  '(a' '(a' %s '(/ '(/&( &('' ' s/--/n s/--/n$ $ a $e*+a-a'%n "a$e  a $%n& "an 0( 0as *ns*%/s ! (%s *n$%'%n an$ 0( (a$ &%,en /# a++ (#es ! s/-,%,a+.

Competency Of The Declarant 

Un$e- '(e En&+%s( +a0< '(e $e*+a-an' "/s' (a,e een *"#e'en' as a 0%'ness '(/s %"e*%+%' - 'en$e- a&e 0%++ e3*+/$e '(e $e*+a-a'%n. I' %s (0e,e- $/'!/+ 0(e'(e- '(%s -/+e %s a##+%*a+e %n In$%a< '(/&( '(e-e *an e n $/' '(a' $e*+a-a; '%n ! a #e-sn n' *"#e'en' ' e a 0%'ness 0%++ *a-- +%''+e 0e%&('. 87 In In$%a< a *(%+$ e%n& a *"#e'en' 0%'ness 8< 'en$e- a&e *ann' e a &-/n$ !- '(e e3*+/s%n

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$4"S" !!; o' t(e ndian Evidence Act reads t(at All )ersons s(all *e com)etent to testi'y unless t(e Court considers t(at t(ey are )revented 'rom understanding t(e -uestions )ut to t(em+ or 'rom giving rational ans,ers to t(ose -uestions+ *y tender years+ etreme old age+ disease ,(et(er o' *ody or mind+ or any ot(er cause o' t(e same 5ind"

PROJECT REPORT OF FORENSC SCENCEPage !0

“Dying Declaration As Documentary Evidence” ! (%s(e- $e*+a-a'%n. 2/$%*%a+ #-n/n*e"en's %n '(%s a-ea< 0(%+e -e*&n%%n& *"#e'en* ! a *(%+$ as a 0%'ness (a,e s'-esse$ n '(e nee$ ' e,a+/a'e '(e%-  e,%$en*e "-e *a-e!/++ an$ 0%'( &-ea'e- *%-*/"s#e*'%n. 8@ T(/s< '(e-e a-e s%&n%!%*an' $%!!e-en*es e'0een In$%an an$ En&+%s( +a0 %n '(e a-ea ! $%n& $e*+a-a'%n. En&+%s( +a0 %s n' n+ -%&%$ /' a+s na--0e- %n %'s s*#e. T(e La0 C""%ss%n O! En&+an$ %n %'s 8@'( -e#-' n E,%$en*e %n C-%"%na+ P-*ee$%n&s : Hea-sa an$ Re+a'e$ T#%*s T#%*s (as a#'+ *""en'e$ '(a'< 8 A#a-' !-" '(e $/%/s #s*(+&%*a+ !/n$a'%n !- '(e e3*e#'%n< an$ '(e $%!!%*/+' ! #-,%n& '(a' '(e $e*ease$ (a$ a se''+e$ (#e+ess e3#e*'a'%n ! $ea'(< '(e '(e #-%n #-%n*% *%#a #a++ %++ %++&% &%*a *a+% +%' ' ! '(%s '(%s e3*e e3*e#' #'% %n n %s %'s %'s -es' -es'-% -%*' *'% %n n ' "/-$ "/-$ee- an$ an$ "ans+a/&('e-. I' $es n' a##+ ' -a#e - a-"e$ -e-< /' '(e-e %s n +&%*a+  /s'%!%*a'%n !- s/*( a -es'-%*'%n. -es'-%*'%n. I' %s a+s /' ! s'e# s'e# 0%'( '(e "$e-n a##-a*( a##-a*( ' -es &es'ae< %n 0(%*( '(e e"#(as%s %s -%&('+ n #-a'%,e ,a+/e.

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PROJECT REPORT OF FORENSC SCENCEPage !;

“Dying Declaration As Documentary Evidence”

RELE#ANCE RELE#ANCE O! DYING DECLARATION "  Basis of Dying Declaration Declaration  !o" #ro$lematic% #ro$lematic%

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Ne(a7iKayvarigya+ Ne(a7iKayvarigya+ admissi*ility O' Dying Declaration ?9(et(er JustiLed”$22: %!& Cri"1J+ )" !00""

$;"8"B" Amin+ Assum)tions *e(ind sanctity o' dying declarations+ declarations+ %!//3& 0 N1SJ+ )" ;;"

PROJECT REPORT OF FORENSC SCENCEPage !/

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