Dossier Oficial Educación para La Salud 2020-2021

 

M^_]I OÈ]FMI

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH  ]HB^G  FLW_IG^MMFÝL V @H_MI MILMNQW^HB

8³ QH_WN Gisfnr nbhoirhgi pir Gimnltns gn bh Jhmubthg gn @ngfmflh Gr. Hurnbfi @nbnhl-^.@.].]. 

Mimehoh`oh  ”  Oibfvfh  Oibfvfh   ?1?8 

 

Gimu`nlti nbhoirhgi phrh nb Mursi Oèsfmi gn bh Jhmubthg gn @ngfmflh Gr. Hurnbfi @nbnhl ” @nbnhl  ”^.@.].]. ^.@.].]. NBHOI_HGI_N]3 Grh. _isy Meurh Mhzirbh Grh. Kf`nlh _ichs Gnbkhgfbbi Grh. Enygf Znrýlfmh _ichs ]iti Gr. @sm. Cirkn Xufrikh Onbtrèl _NZF]I_N]3 Gnmhli gn bh Jhmubthg gn @ngfmflh3 Gr. Ng`ulgi ]èlmenz. Gfrnmtir hmhgæ`fmi gn bh Jhmubthg @ngfmflh Gr. Ghlfnb Fbbhlns Znbhrgn Gfrnmtir gn Mhrrnrh gn @ngfmflh3 Gr. Ceilly Hrfspn Hltnzhlh Gnphrth`nlti gn @ngfmflh ]imfhb Gnphrth`nlti gn Qbhlfjfmhmfýl @ægfmh3 Grh. Ontshont _i`nri Grh. @hkhbf Ornlgh Bbhlqun Hboh, Gfrnmtirh gnb Mnltri Mnltri gn ]hbug ^lfvnrsfthrfi ^lfvnrsfthrfi Lunvh Khltn Miirgflhmfýl Mursi Oèsfmi MIBHOI_HGI_N]3 Gimnltns MIBHOI_HGI_N]3  Gimnltns gn bh @htnrfh gn Ngumhmfýl phrh bh ]hbug.

GI]FN_ ]^CNWI H @IGFJFMHMFÝL @IGFJFMHMFÝL V HMW^H HMW^HBFSHMFÝL BFSHMFÝL MILWFL^H

 

 

Q_N]NLWHMFÝL

Bhs milgfmfilns gn shbug gn ul phàs, ns bh `unstrh gn bh mhbfghg gn vfgh gnb `fs`i. Bhs pibàtfmhs gn shbug gn ul phàs, lis `unstrhl bh f`pirthlmfh qun gh nb nsthgi hltn bis flgfmhgirns gn shbug qun sn `hlnchl pnr`hlnltn`nltn. Bh mhbfghg gn vfgh gn bh piobhmfýl y gnb nsthgi ns ulh rnspunsth h bh rfqunzh simfhb qun f`pnrh nl nb `fs`i. Nl phàsns mi`i nb lunstri, gilgn bis flgfmhgirns gn shbug lis `unstrhl qun bh `irof`irthbfghg gi`flhltn ns gnofghs h phtibikàhs n`flnltn`nltn fljnmtimilthkfishs fljnmtimilthkfishs,, y qun nl nb shonr `ngfmi sn rnmilimnl mi`i jèmfb`nltn mi`ohtfghs mil hmmfilns oèsfmhs nl shbug, ns lnmnshrfi qun bhs `fs`hs n`pfnmnl mil milimf`fnltis oèsfmis gn ngumhmfýl y pri`imfýl gn bh shbug. Xun bh Ngumhmfýl phrh bh ]hbug gnon julgh`nlthrsn nl nb nstugfi phrh bh hgqufsfmfýl gn nshs hmtftugns, pir bi qun nb nstugfhltn y bh piobhmfýl nl knlnrhb gnonl milimnr hspnmtis snlmfbbis gn prnvnlmfýl y pri`imfýl gn bh shbug, gilgn bis miltnlfgis qun gnonl hprnenlgnrsn y hprnlgnrsn hprnlgnrsn phrh snr trhs trhsbhghgis bhghgis gn `hlnrh mi mienrnltn enrnltn y snlmfbbh ehmfh bh jh`fbfh y bhs mi`ulfghgns vhyhl gn bi sf`pbn h bi mi`pbnci, y mil nb milthmti nl jir`h tn`prhlh mil bh mi`ulfghg y mil nb Qrf`nr Lfvnb gn Htnlmfýl (gnsgn nb flfmfi gn su mhrrnrh), snh nb flfmfi gn ul mh`ofi gn hmtftug gn bh piobhmfýl hltn nb rfnski gn shbug qun sn prnsnlth. Nb nljiqun y hoirghcn gnb primnsi shbug-nljnr`nghg ns gn vfthb f`pirthlmfh phrh bh jir`hmfýl gnb nstugfhltn gnb mursi oèsfmi gn bh Jhmubthg gn @ngfmflh, pirqun bn pnr`ftfrè gnshrribbhr n fltnkrhr nb milmnpti gn bh shbug, ti`hlgi mi`i ohsn gn hlèbfsfs, h bis hspnmtis ofibýkfmis, psfmibýkfmis y simfhbns, fltnrrnbhmfilhlgi bis `fs`is mil bis jhmtirns gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn4 ns gnmfr, bn pnr`ftfrè fltnrlhbfzhr h bh shbug mi`i ul primnsi rnsubthltn gn bh fltnrhmmfýl gflè`fmh gn ul nmisfstn`h nmisfs tn`h milstftufgi pir nb Flgfvfgui, bh jh`fbfh y bh mi`ulfghg.

 

 

Hsà `fs`i, nb `hlnci y nb hlèbfsfs gn bis jhmtirns qun fltnrvfnlnl nl nb gnshrribbi eu`hli fltnkrhb, nljrnlthrè hb nstugfhltn gnsgn æstn lfvnb oèsfmi, mil bh rnhbfghg lhmfilhb, fltnrlhmfilhb y rnkfilhb nl bh fltnrprnthmfýl f ltnrprnthmfýl gnb milculti gn flgfmhgirns rnspilshobns gn bh mhbfghg gn vfgh gn bis oibfvfhlis. ]n milsfgnrh qun, hgn`ès gn milmnptuhr nb primnsi shbug-nljnr`nghg shbug -nljnr`nghg y bis flgfmhgirns gn shbug, nb nstugfhltn gnb mursi oèsfmi, fgnltfjfmhrè bis jhmtirns gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn rnbhmfilhgis mil nb `hltnlf`fnlti gn bh shbug, gnsgn ul nljiqun nmibýkfmi4 mi`pbnthlgi su mhphmfthmfýl mil nb `hlnci gn bis nbn`nltis oèsfmis gn bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug (HQ]) mi`i nstrhtnkfh oèsfmh nl bh milstrummfýl mibnmtfvh gn bh shbug gn bis punobis. Bh hsfklhturh gn ‒NG^MHMFIL V ]HB^G‐, pnr`ftfrè hb nstugfhltn fgnltfjfmhr bhs

mhrhmtnràstfmhs gn bis jhmtirns gntnr`flhltns gnltri nb primnsi shbug nljnr`nghg, rnmilimnrè bis mh`ofis efstýrfmis qun sn ehl ghgi gnltri bh nvibumfýl y gnshrribbi gn bh htnlmfýl `ngfmh thlti nl nb milmnpti, hsà mi`i nl bh tnmlibikàh, jhmfbfthrè hb nstugfhltn gnb mursi oèsfmi, ul Kbishrfi gn tær`flis `ès jrnmunltn`nltn utfbfzhgis nl ]hbug Qóobfmh, @ngfmflh ]imfhb, Npfgn`fibikàh, Nmibikàh, Gnshrribbi Eu`hli, qun jhmfbfthrèl su jir`hmfýl hmhgæ`fmh nl miirgflhmfýl n fltnkrhmfýl mil bhs gn`ès hsfklhturhs gnb murràmubi jir`hb y nl milmirghlmfh hb Qnrjfb Qrijnsfilhb. Bh Zfsfýl y @fsfýl gn bh Jhmubthg gn @ngfmflh gn bh ^@]]. Bh tn`ètfmh pbhltnhgh nl bh hsfklhturh, ns vèbfgh phrh nb qun flkrnsn h bh jhmubthg y miltfluæ sus nstugfis, hsà qun phrh hqunb qun li bi efmfnrh, pnri yh munlth mil milimf`fnltis oèsfmis `hlnchgis nl nb primnsi shbug nljnr`nghg, y qun bis `fs`is bn sfrvhl phrh gfs`flufr bis rfnskis gnb primnsi. C^]WFJFMHMFÝL Bh rhzýl gn snr gn bh hsfklhturh gn ngumhmfýl phrh bh ]hbug ns julgh`nlthb phrh qun nb nstugfhltn nltfnlgh y rnmilizmh rnmilizmh qun bh shbug ns ul primnsi primnsi gflè`fmi, rnsubthlt rnsubthltnn gn bh fltnrhmmfýl gn gfvnrsis jhmtirns3 ofibýkfmis, psfmibýkfmis y simfhb. Ousmhlgi mh`ofhr nb nljiqun ofibikfsth gnb `ægfmi h ul nljiqun fltnkrhb, eibàstfmi hgnmuhgi hb hmtuhb `ignbi gn shbug.  shbug. 

 

 

7. Q_IQÝ]FWI Nb Gnshrribbi gnb èrnh/hsfklhturh ‒Ngumhmfýl phrh bh ]hbug‐, prntnlgn qun bis nstugfhltns,

mi`prnlghl qun bh shbug ns ul primnsi gn fltnrhmmfýl fltnr hmmfýl gn jhmtirns ofibýkfmis, psfmibýkfmis, simfhbns y `ngfih`ofnlthbns4 qun su mufghgi gnpnlgn li sibi gn hmmfilns murhtfvhs, sfli th`ofæl gnb gnshrribbi gn milgumths prnvnltfvhs y gn pri`imfýl gn bh shbug. >. IOCNWFZI] KNLN_HBN] Bis iocntfvis gn bh hsfklhturh gn NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G sn ]HB^G sn mu`pbfrèl, muhlgi hb jflhbfzhr bh rithmfýl gnb obiqun, obiqun, nb nstugfhltn gnb Mursi Mursi Oèsfmi gn @ngfmflh, snh mhphz gn3   Hlhbfzhr bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs gnb primnsi shbug-nljnr`nghg nl nb trh trhlsmursi lsmursi gnb

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tfn`pi yh nl nb flgfvfgui, bh jh`fbfh mi`i nl bh mi`ulfgh mi`ulfghg. g.   Fgnltfjfmhr bis flgfmhgirns gn shbug y sus jhmtirns jhmtirns milgfmfilhltns gnb phàs mi`i ulh

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ohsn gn fljir`hmfýl gnltri nb hlèbfsfs gn bh sftuhmfýl gn shbug gnb phàs y hsà pignr miltrhsthrbis mil bis gn itris phàsns gnshrribbhgis y suognshrribbh suognshrribbhgis. gis.

b is jhmtirns gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn (jàsfmi - simfhb)   Fltnkrhr bh rnbhmfýl n fltnrhmmfýl gn bis

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y nmibýkfmis nl nl nb primnsi shbug ” nljnr`nghg. julgh`nlthbns gn bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug, mi`i   Gnsmrfofr y hlhbfzhr bhs ohsns julgh`nlthbns

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ulh nstrhtnkfh gn shbug mibnmtfvh phrh hbmhlzhr bh `nth gn bh I@] ‒]hbug phrh tigis‐. 

  Gnsmrfofr bis `ignbis gn htnlmfýl nl shbug phrh nb flgfvfgui, bh jh`fbfh y bh

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mi`ulfghg. 

  Fgnltfjfmhr y gnsmrfofr bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs gn bis prikrh`hs prikrh`hs prfirfthrfis gn HQ] phrh

Oibfvfh   Gnsmrfofr bis tær`flis `ès jrnmunltn`nltn utfbfzhgis nl ]hbug Qóobfmh, mi`i

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flstru`nltis gn hlèbfsfs y gn fltnrprnthmfýl gn bis jnlý`nlis ofibýkfmis, psfmibýkfmis y simfhbns gnb primnsi shbug-nljnr`nghg, qun snrèl hpbfmhgis thlti nl gnshrribbi gn su jir`hmfýl gn prn-krhgi mi`i   _nmilimnr y gnsmrfofr nb primnsi gn bh ngumhmfýl y pri`imfýl nl shbug qun mi`i

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hmtfvfghg gn bh HQ] qun pnr`fthl bis mh`ofis gn mi`pirth`fnlti gnb flgfvfgui, bh jh`fbfh y bh mi`ulfghg. nl nb ncnrmfmfi prijnsfilhb

 

 

FLGFMN GN MILWNLFGI ]HB^G V NLJN_@NGHG .............. ............................... .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. ...................8 ..8 Fltrigummfýl ............... ............................... ................................. .................................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ...................8 ..8 _nmirrfgi efstýrfmi siorn bhs milmnpmfilns gn shbug y nljnr`nghg ................. .................................. ...........................= ..........= Milmnptuhbfzhmfýl gn bh shbug y nljnr`nghg rnsubthgi gn miljnrnlmfhs shlfthrfhs fltnrlhmfilhbns ............... ................................ .................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. ................................. ...........................6 ...........6 ]hbug y nljnr`nghg nl Oibfvfh ................ ................................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................88 88 HWNLMFÝL Q_F@H_FH GN ]HB^G ............... ............................... ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ....................8: ...8: Nvibumfýl efstýrfmh................ efstýrfmh................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ...................8: ...8: Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug ................ ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. .......................?= ......?= Qrflmfpfis gn bh HQ] ............... ................................ .................................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................?7 ?7 Nbn`nltis gn bh HQ] .............. ............................... .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. .................?> ?> Mhrhmtnràstfmhs gn bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug................ ]hbug................................. .................................. ................................. ......................?: ......?: Milmbusfilns ................. ................................. ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ............................=5 ............=5 NMIBIKÀH, @NGFI H@OFNLWN V ]HB^G ................ ................................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ......................7? ......7? Fltrigummfýl............... Fltrigummfýl ............................... ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. ...............................7? ..............7? Fljbunlmfh gnb h`ofnltn nl bh imurrnlmfh gn bh nljnr`nghg ............... ................................ ................................. ......................75 ......75 Ehofthg y lfmei nmibýkfmi ............... ............................... ................................. .................................. .................................. .................................. .........................>? ........>? Jir`hs gn lutrfmfýl ............... ................................ .................................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................>= >= ]hbug - nljnr`nghg y nmibikàh ............... ................................ .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................>7 >7 Khsns milth`flhltns gn bh ht`ýsjnrh ............... ................................ .................................. .................................. ................................. ......................>> ......>> Njnmti flvnrlhgnri ............... ............................... ................................. ................................... .................................. ................................. ................................. ...................>; ...>; Bbuvfh hmfgh ................ ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. ...............................>; ..............>; Bh mhph gn izili ............... ............................... ................................. .................................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ......................>5 ......>5 Qiorn `hr, piorn tfnrrh ................. ................................. ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ............................>5 ...........>5 Nrisfýl y gnsnrtfjfmhmfýl ............... ............................... ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ............................>5 ...........>5 Gnstrummfýl gn oisquns tripfmhbns................ tripfmhbns................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ............................>6 ............>6 Nb primnsi nmibýkfmi gn hghpthmfýl ................ ................................ ................................. .................................. ................................. .........................>6 .........>6 Wnr`flibikàh ................ ................................ ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ............................:8 ............:8 ]F]WN@H V ]N_ZFMFI] GN ]HB^G ............... ............................... ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ....................:: ...:: Hltnmngnltns ................ ................................ ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ............................:: ............:: ]fstn`hs gn shbug ................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. ...................:5 ...:5 Iocntfvis gn ul sfstn`h gn shbug ................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ............................:6 ............:6  

 

Nbn`nltis gn ul sfstn`h gn shbug ................ ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ............................;1 ............;1 Wfpibikàh gn bis ]fstn`hs gn ]hbug ................ ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ............................;1 ............;1 @ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb nl bis sfstn`hs gn shbug ............... ............................... ................................. .................................. ............................;7 ...........;7 Hgnmuhmfýl mubturhb gn bis snrvfmfis snrvfmfis gn shbug ............... ............................... ................................. .................................. ............................;; ...........;; ]fstn`hs y snrvfmfis gn shbug nl Oibfvfh ............... ............................... .................................. ................................... ................................. ...................;5 ...;5 LI_@H] GN OFI]NK^_FGHG............... OFI]NK^_FGHG............................... ................................. .................................. .................................. .................................. .........................58 ........58 Hltnmngnltns ................ ................................ ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ............................58 ............58 Gnjflfmfýl ................ ................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. .................5= 5= Qrflmfpfis gn Ofisnkurfghg ................ ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. .......................5= ......5= Lfvnbns gn Ofisnkurfghg ............... ................................ .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ............................5> ...........5> Ofisnkurfghg y _fnski ................ .................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ...............................5> ..............5> @ngfghs knlnrhbns gn prnvnlmfýl ................ ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ............................5: ............5: Ofisnkurfghg y MIZFG-86............... MIZFG-86............................... ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ............................67 ...........67 Wnr`flibikàh ................ ................................ ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ............................6: ............6:

 

 

]HB^G V NLJN_@NGHG IOCNWFZI] 8.  Fgnltfjfmhl bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs prflmfphbns gnb primnsi gn shbug y nljnr`nghg nl nb `ulgi h trhvæs gn bh efstirfh. ?.  @hlnchl milmnptis siorn bh shbug ” nljnr`nghg hmirgn hb primnsi efstýrfmi. =.  _nmilimn _nmilimnl l nb primnsi gn gnshrribbi gn bh milmnpmfýl milmnpmfýl gn shbug y nljnr`nghg gnb Nsthgi Qburflhmfilhb gn Oibfvfh

Fltrigummfýl Nb milmnpti gn shbug y nljnr`nghg nljnr`nghg h trhvæs gnb tfn`pi eh fgi mh`ofhlgi, mh`ofis qun sn gfn gfnril ril gnsgn nb nljiqun rngummfilfsth rngummfilfsth y ofibikfsth h ul nljiqun simfimubturhb y pibàtfmi. (8) Mh`ofis qun th`ofæl gnpnlgfnril gnpnlgfnril gnb tfn`pi, æpimh, hb hvhlmn mfnltàjfmi, bhs pibàtfmh pibàtfmhs, s, hmunrgis lhmfilhbns n fltnrlhmfilhbns y nb mi`pirth`fnlti simfhb. Nl nstn primnsi gn milmnptuhbfzhr bh shbug y nljnr`nghg sn ehl fgi flmrn`nlthlgi itris milmnptis hsimfhgis h bh shbug nljnr`nghg nl rnbhmfýl h bi simfhb, mubturhb, pibàtfmi y nmilý`fmi, rnkfýl i èrnh knikrèjfmh. Ns lnmnshrfi shonr mý`i bh nstrumturh simfhb gntnr`flh bh ]hbug Nljnr`nghg gn bh piobhmfýl phrh nsti prf`nri gnon`is mi`prnlgnr bh milmnptuhbfzhmfýl qun gh ]hkhtivsdf n Fltfpiv qufnlns ehmnl rnjnrnlmfh h gis gis mhushs3 mhushs3 Mhush Knlætfmh, mi`i ul jnlý`nli qun hltnmngh h itri jnlý`nli ghgi (bbh`hgi njnmti), y qun ns lnmnshrfi phrh su hphrfmfýl (ofibýkfmh). Mhush Nstrumturhb, milculti gn milgfmfilns fltnrhmtuhltns, lnmnshrfhs y sujfmfnltns s ujfmfnltns qun sn ghl phrh qun sn priguzmh muhbqufnr jnlý`nli. Gn nsth `hlnrh vn`is qun nb ei`orn nl knlnrhb ns prigumti gn su h`ofnltn jàsfmi y simfhb, knikrèjfmi, nmibýkfmi, nmilý`fmi, mubturhb y su shbug i nljnr`nghg nljnr`nghg nstè milgfmfilhgh milgfmfilhgh pir nb nltirli nl nb muhb vfvn i fltnrhmtóh. (8) Qir ncn`pbi nb snr eu`hli lnmnsfth gn ul nsphmfi knikrèjfmi nl nb muhb vfvfr, gilgn pignr milstrufr ulh vfvfnlgh, sunbi gilgn sn`orhr sus prigumtis, tnlnr hmmnsi h mirrfnltns lhturhbns gn hk hkuh uh mi`i 8

 

ràis, h pbhlths qun bn gnl si`orh, hbf`nltis i bn sfrvhl gn `htnrfh prf`h phrh milstrufr su vfvfnlgh, lnmnsfth gn pnrsilhs i knltn phrh fltnrhmtuhr, jir`hr jh`fbfh, knlnrhr fltnrmh`ofi nmilý`fmi h trhvæs gn sus prigumtis, lnmnsfth milvfvfr gnshrribbhr eèoftis y mistu`orns qun mhrhmtnrfmnl h su bukhr i mi`ulfghg. Gnon vfvfr nl nqufbforfi i hr`ilàh mil nsn `ngfi h`ofnltn, bh hbtnrhmfýl nl uli i `ès gn nstis jhmtirns sn trhgumfrèl nl nljnr`nghg. Bhurh Miltf.- Ehmn nb sfkufnltn mi`nlthrfi3 ‒ sf bh `ngfmflh ns ulh bumeh pir bh vfgh miltrh bh `unrtn mi`i hbkulis mrnnl, gnonràh`is gnmfr h bh knltn4 li bns ghrn`is oèbsh`is phrh hbfvfhr vunstris orilqufis pirqun gnoæfs rnspfrhr hfrn puri, li is ghrn`is trhlqufbfzhltns phrh vunstrhs lnurisfs  pirqun gnoæfs suprf`fr bhs mhushs gn bis `fs`is, li is ghrn`is vhsigfbhthgirns phrh vunstris nsphs`is pirqun gnoæfs nbf`flhr bis priobn`hs gnb trèjfmi urohli, li is ghrn`is pritnmtirns enpètfmis phrh vunstri eàkhgi, pirqun li tnlæfs qun mi`nr hbf`nltis hrtfjfmfhbns, li is ghrn`is mirtfmifgns pirqun tnlæfs qun nbf`flhr bhs susthlmfhs hbærkfmhs, li is ghrn`is vfth`flhs i h`flièmfgis, pirqun tnlæfs qun mi`nr mhrln y jruths, li is ghrn`is lunstrh phmfnltn mi` mi`prnlsfýl prnlsfýl  pirqun nb h`ir tnlæfs qun ehbbhrbi nl vunstrh phrnch y nl bh sibfghrfghg mil vunstris mi`phønris.

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J ^ N L W N .  Jfkurh nbhoirhgh siorn bh ohsn gnb gimu`nlti ]hbug Nljnr`nghg y Nstrumturh ]imfhb Gr. Cirkn Xufrikh Onbtrèl

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N X J ^ N L W N .  Jfkurh

^

F

B

F

nbhoirhgh siorn bh ohsn gnb gimu`nlti ]hbug Nljnr`nghg y Nstrumturh ]imfhb Gr.

Cirkn Xufrikh Onbtrèl

Gn nsth `hlnrh rnhbfzhrn`is ul rnmirrfgi efstýrfmi phrh milmbufr nl bh milmnpmfýl hmtuhb gnb `ulgi y gn lunstri phàs.

_nmirrfgi efstýrfmi siorn bhs milmnpmfilns gn shbug y nljnr`nghg Nb milmnpti gn shbug y nljnr`nghg gnsgn bh Nghg Hltfkuh, qun sn nxtfnlgn gnsgn bh hphrfmfýl gn bh nsmrfturh ( 7111 høis høis hltns gn Mrfsti) ehsth nb nb sfkbi UUF. Nghg Hltfkuh3 mi`prnlgfgh gnsgn bh hphrfmfýl hphrfmfýl gn bh nsmrfturh (7111 høis hltns gn Mrfsti) ehsth ehsth nb sfkbi  sfkbi nb sfkbi Z4 mi`fnlzh mil mil bh gnsfltnkrhmfýl gnb F`pnrfi F`pnrfi _i`hli gn Immfgn Immfgnltn ltn y jflhbfzh mil bh ti`h gn bh mfughg gn Milsthltflipbh. Nthph gn gnshrribbi gn bh `ngfmflh krfnkh y ri`hlh hsimfhgh =

 

mil bis hltfkuis milimf`fnltis milimf`fnltis prnnxfstnltns, gn bhs `ngfmflhs pnrshs, meflhs, `ngfmflhs fsbè`fmh y thb`ógfmh qun sn gfjulgfnril gfjulgfnril nl nb miltflnltn nuripni. nuripni. Nl nsth nthph bis primnsis gn bh shbug  ”  nljnr`nghg nrhl gn mhrèmtnr `èkfmi ” rnbfkfisi hsimfhgh h trns gnfghgns3 Hsmbnpfi, Efkfh y Qhlhmnh3 Nl bh Krnmfh hltfkuh, bis nlmhrkhgis gn htnlgnr bh shbug nrhl bis H]DBNQFHG, sucntis h bh hgirhmfýl rnbfkfish gn bh gnfghg gn Hsmbnpfi (Nsmubhpfi phrh bis ri`hlis) gfis krfnki gn bh `ngfmflh, rnspilshobn gnb gnb rnsthobnmf`fnlti rnsthobnmf`fnlti gn bh shbug. Qhrh nbbis bh vfgh eu`hlh sujràh gn f`pnrjnmmfilns, f`pnrjnmmfilns, nljnr`nghgns, nljnr`nghgn s, y nb phpnb gn bis ei`orns nrh rnsthobnmnr bh shbug. Qhrh bis snkufgirns snkufgirns gn Efkfh, bh shbug nrh nb nsthgi lhturhb gn bhs mishs, milsnmunlmfh gnb kiofnrli cufmfisi gn bh pripfh vfgh. Efknh rnprnsnlth bh ulfýl gn bh shbug, gnb nsthr ofnl, gn bh mitfgfhlnfghg pbnlh, mil bh efkfnln, bhs prèmtfmhs, bis vhbirns y milimf`fnltis milimf`fnltis qun miltrfouynl h nsthr ofnl4 Qhlhmnh Qhlhmnh ns bh gfish gnb trhth`fnlti, gn bh murhmfýl pir ynrohs `ngfmflhbns. (8) Ehmfh nb ]fkbi Z, mil Efpýmrhtns mi`fnlzhl h tnlnr bukhr bis prf`nris nstugfis pir mi`prnlgnr bhs mhushs lhturhbns gn bh nljnr`nghg y bh flmfgnlmfh gnb `ngfi `ngfi siorn bh shbug. ]n gnshrribbh hquà nljnr` nghg nrh ulh `hlfjnsthmfýl th`ofæl, bh ‒tniràh gn bis eu`irns‐. Efpýmrhtns milsfgnrý qun bh nljnr`nghg gn bh vfgh gnb irkhlfs`i, mi`i rnsubthgi gn mh`ofis nl su sustrhti `htnrfhb, y li ulh nxprnsfýl gn

bh vibulthg i gn ul nspàrftu `hbfkli. Nsthobnmfý qun mhgh nljnr`nghg tfnln su mhush lhturhb i `ngfi nxtnrli, y qun sfl nsh mhush lhturhb lhgh pungn tnlnr bukhr. Qbhtýl nl mh`ofi milsfgnrhoh qun bh shbug y bh nljnr`nghg sn nlmiltrhohl gntnr`flhghs pir ul prflmfpfi li `htnrfhb, nb hb`h gfvflh i ‒plnu`h‐. Bh mhush gn bh nljnr`nghg milsfstn nl ul mhstfki

nlvfhgi pir nb mfnbi, y pir milsfkufnltn li tfnlnl lflkól njnmti siorn nbbh bis `ngfmh`nltis, sfli sýbi bis rftis, bis ef`lis y bh `ósfmh.

7

 

Nl nb Irfnltn, nl bh Flgfh, nl bis sfkbis sfkbis FFF y FZ h.M., gnsgn bh `ngfmflh hyurvægfmh sn snøhbhohl mi`i mhushbns gn nljnr`nghgns, nljnr`nghgns, yh li sibi s ibi hb nljhgi gn bis gfisns, sfli th`ofæl h bis mh`ofis nl nb mbf`h, munstfilns munstfilns rnbhtfvhs rnbhtfvhs h bh gfnth y h bhs bhs rnkbhs gn efkfnln y

jhmtirns

`htnrfhbns rnbhmfilhgis mil nb h`ofnltn gnb ei`orn y su `igi gn vfgh. J ^ N L W N .  Jfkurh

nbhoirhgh siorn bh ohsn gnb gimu`nlti ]hbug Nljnr`nghg y Nstrumturh ]imfhb Gr.

Q_IMN]I GN BH ]HB^G ” NLJN_@NGHG N_HL GN MH_ÈMWN_ @ÈKFMI ” _NBFKFI]I H]IMFHGH H W_N] GNFGHGN] 3 H]MBNQFI , EFKNH, QHLHMNH.

EFQIM_HWN]3 WNI_FH GN BI] E^@I_N], NLJN_@NGHG @HLFJN]WHMFÝL @HLFJN]WHM FÝL GN BH ZFGH GNB I_KHLF]@I, _N]^BWHGI GN MH@OFI] NL^LH ]^ ]^]W_HWI @HWN_FHB, V LI NUQ_N]FÝL GN BH ZIB^LWHG I GN ^L N]QÀ_FW^ @HBFKLI

QBHWÝL 3 BH ]HB^G V BH NLJN_@NGHG ]N NLMILW_HOHL GNWN_@FLHGH] QI_ ^L Q_FLMFQFI LI @HWN_FHB, NB HB@H GFZFLH I ‒QLN^@H‐.

FLGFH 3 MH^]HBN] GN NLJN_@NGHG ,BI] MH@OFI] NL NB MBF@H, BH GFNWH , BH] _NKBH] GN EFKFNLN, H@OFNLWN, @IGI GN ZFGH Cirkn Xufrikh Onbtrèl

Nghg @ngfh3 qun sn nxtfnlgn gnsgn nb sfkbi  sfkbi nb sfkbi Z y nb UZ. Nthph fljbunlmfhgh pir bh rnbfkfýl. Nb shonr gn bh æpimh sn nlmiltrhoh ohci bh gi`flhmfýl gn bh Fkbnsfh Mhtýbfmh y bh nlsnøhlzh nsmibèstfmh, bi qun efzi prnvhbnmnr prnvhbnmnr bh fltnrprnthmfýl fltnrprnthmfýl `àstfmh `àstfmh gn bhs mhushs mhushs gn bhs nljnr`nghgns mi`i hsimfhghs h bh frh gn Gfis i h bh hmmfýl gn bis gn gn`ilfis. `ilfis. Nl thlti, bis èrhons sustnlthril nljiquns `htnrfhbfsths phrh bh nxpbfmhmfýl gn bh shbug y bh nljnr`nghg, snøhbhlgi qun gn hmunrgi >

 

mil nb nqufbforfi i nb gnsnqufbforfi gn snfs prflmfpfis sn `hltnlàh bh shbug i sn prigumàh bh nljnr`nghg. Bis prflmfpfis snøhbhgis pir bis èrhons nrhl3 nb hfrn puri, bh `ignrhmfýl nl nb mi`nr y nl nb ononr, nb gnsmhlsi y nb trhohci, bh vfkfbfh y nb sunøi, bh nvhmuhmfýl gn bi supnrjbui y bhs rnhmmfilns n`imfilhbns. Hvfmnlh, ulh gn bhs jfkurhs gn bh `ngfmflh nl nb `ulgi èrhon, bbnký h pbhltnhr qun nl nl nb hkuh y nl bh ht`ýsjnrh nxfstàhl irkhlfs`is ` `flósmubis flósmubis qun prigumàhl nljnr`nghgns y qun æsths gnoàhl nxpbfmhrsn snkól bh nstrumturh y miljir`hmfýl gn mhgh flgfvfgui, su junrzh y sus jhmubthgns, bis jhmtirns gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn y nb nsjunrzi gn bh lhturhbnzh pir rnsthurhr y milsnrvhr sus julmfilns vfthbns.

Hvfmnlh3 pbhltni qun nl nb hkuh y nl bh ht`ýsjnrh nxfstàhl irkhlfs`is `flósmubis qun prigumàhl nljnr`nghgns Nljnr`nghg hsimfhgh h bh frh gn Gfis i h bh hmmfýl gn bis gn`ilfis.

Èrhons3 bh shbug y bh nljnr`nghg gnpnlgn gn snfs prflmfpfis3 hfrn puri, `ignrhmfýl nl nb mi`nr y nl nb ononr, gnsmhlsi , trhohci, bh vfkfbfh y nb sunøi, su nøi, bh nvhmuhmfýl gn bi supnrjbui y bhs rnhmmfilns.

J ^ N L W N .  Jfkurh

nbhoirhgh siorn bh ohsn gnb gimu`nlti ]hbug Nljnr`nghg y Nstrumturh ]imfhb Gr. Cirkn Xufrikh Onbtrèl

Nghg @ignrlh3 trhlsmurrn nltrn nb sfkbi UZ y nb nb sfkbi UZFFF  UZFFF trhs bh mhàgh gn Milsthltflipbh ehsth bh _nvibumfýl Jrhlmnsh gnb høi 8;56, sn prigumnl f`pirthltns trhlsjir`hmfilns mubturhbns y nmilý`fmhs nl Nuriph. Mi`i milsnmunlmfh gn gfmeis mh`ofis, mi`fnlzhl h hohlgilhrsn bhs nxpbfmhmfilnss rnbfkfishs nl rnbhmfýl h bis primnsis gnb nljnr`hr, y bhs `fs`hs n`pfnzhl h nxpbfmhmfiln ousmhrsn nl nb mh`pi gn bh rnhbfghg milmrnth. Bh bbnkhgh gn bh `ignrlfghg f`pbfmý ul f`pirthltn primnsi mubturhb y mfnltàjfmi qun milimn`is mi`i ‒_nlhmf`fnlti‐, y pnr`ftfý ulh

rnvhbirfzhmfýl gn hltfkuis milimf`fnltis gn bh Eu`hlfghg, nltrn nbbis, bhs nlsnøhlzhs bnkhghs :

 

pir Efpýmrhtns y Hvfmnlh. Flstru`nltis ýptfmis mi`i nb `fmrismipfi jhvirnmfnril bh iosnrvhmfýl gn bis `fmriirkhlfs`is y nb surkf`fnlti gn bh `fmriofibikàh qun miltrfouynril h bh hjfr`hmfýl gn ulh fltnrprnthmfýl `htnrfhbfsth, pnri ulfmhushb, gn bh nljnr`nghg, y th`ofæl h rioustnmnr ul milsnrvh pnsi. ]n milsibfgh nb pnlsh`fnlti `ægfmi `ægfmi pnlsh`fnlti ofibikfsfsth  ofibikfsfsth qun nl bh hmtuhbfghg milsnrvh mfnltàjfmi, irkhlfzèlgisn irkhlfzèlgisn hbrngngir gn bh nljnr`nghg nljnr`nghg y bh mbàlfmh. ]urkn nb eispfthb flstftumfýl flstftumfýl nsnlmfhb`nltn nsnlmfhb`nl tn gn hsfstnlmfh h bis piorns, pnri hb `fs`i tfn`pi nrh ulh flstftumfýl flst ftumfýl gn snphrhmfýl y nxmbusfýl3 nb piorn mi`i thb lnmnsfthoh hsfstnlmfh, y mi`i nljnr`i, nrh pirthgir gn nljnr`nghgns y pisfobn priphkhgir gn nbbhs3 nrh pnbfkrisi. Qir su phrtn nb pnrsilhb eispfthbhrfi li nsthoh gnstflhgi h murhr hb nljnr`i, sfli h milsnkufr su pripfh shbvhmfýl3 nrh ul pnrsilhb mhrfthtfvi, rnbfkfisi i bhfmi, qun nsthoh nl nb eispfthb phrh ehmnr iorhs gn `fsnrfmirgfh qun bh khrhltfzhrhl bh shbvhmfýl ntnrlh3 pir milsfkufnltn nnbb eispfthb snrvàh phrh shbvhr nb hb`h gnb piorn hb `i`nlti gn bh `unrtn, y th`ofæl t h`ofæl bh gnb pnrsilhb qun bi htnlgàh.

Bh `ignrlfghg f`pbfmý ul f`pirthltn primnsi mubturhb y mfnltàjfmi,surkf`fnlti gn bh `fmriofibikàh .

]urkn nb eispfthb flstftumfýl nsnlmfhb`nltn gn hsfstnlmfh h bis piorns pnrsilhb eispfthbhrfi li nsthoh gnstflhgi h murhr hb nljnr`i Nb eispfthb snrvàh phrh shbvhr nb hb`h gnb piorn hb `i`nlti gn bh `unrtn, y th`ofæl bh gnb pnrsilhb qun bi htnlgàh

J ^ N L W N .  Jfkurh

nbhoirhgh siorn bh ohsn gnb gimu`nlti ]hbug Nljnr`nghg y Nstrumturh ]imfhb Gr. Cirkn Xufrikh Onbtrèl

Nghg Miltn`pirèlnh3 Nltrn bis høis 8:11 y 8;11 mi`fnlzhl h gnshrribbhrsn nl hbkulis phàsns gn Nuriph (Fthbfh, Hbn`hlfh y Hustrfh), ulh milmnpmfýl gn bhs prèmtfmhs nl shbug qun uofmhl hb eu`hli nl su miltnxti simfhb y qun rnspilshofbfzhl hb nsthgi pir bh shbug gn bh piobhmfýl, ghlgi irfknl h bi qun sn gfi nl bbh`hr ‒sfstn`h gn pibfmàh `ægfmh‐. `ægfmh‐.

;

 

_h`hzzflf, `ægfmi fthbfhli, mi`fnlzh h nstugfhr bhs rnbhmfilns nltrn bh nljnr`nghg y bhs milgfmfilns gn trhohci. Hsà th`ofæl sn rnhbfzhl nstugfis rnjnrfgis h bhs rnbhmfilns nltrn bh milgfmfýl simfi nmilý`fmh nmilý`fmh gn bh piobhmfýl, y bh shbug. Nl thb snltfgi mi`fnlzh h ehobhrsn gn ‒`ngfmflh simfhb‐, mi`i ulh lunvh jir`h gn milmnofr y

hmtuhr jrnltn h bis priobn`hs gn shbug. Bhs milgfmfilns milgfmfilns simfinmilý`fmhs simfinmilý`fmhs miltrfouynril nl nb nb surkf`fnlti gn bhs nljnr`nghgns nljnr`nghgns gnb ehmflh`fnlti mi`i bh tuonrmubisfs, lnu`ilàh, shrh`pfýl, vfrunbh y mýbnrh hsimfhgh h bhs milgfmfilns gn vfvfnlgh n efkfnln, y hb hprivfsfilh`fnlti gn hkuh y hbf`nltis ohmtnrfibýkfmh`nltn snkuris. Ehmfh `ngfhgis gnb sfkbi UFU, surkn bh npfgn`fibikàh mi`i `ætigi mfnltàjfmi gn hlèbfsfs gn bhs npfgn`fhs, y sn milsibfgh nb `ivf`fnlti gn ]hbug Qóobfmh flfmfhgi nl Flkbhtnrrh. Nl nb sfkbi UFU euoi itrhs nxprnsfilns privnlfnltns privnlfnltns li sýbi gn `ægfmis, sfli th`ofæl gn nmili`fsths, jfbýsijis y pibàtfmis, qun bbh`hril bbh`hril bh htnlmfýl nl nl nb snltfgi gn qun bh prnsnlthmfýl prnsnlthmfýl gn bhs nljnr`nghgns pigàh tnlnr rnbhmfýl mil bhs milgfmfilns `htnrfhbns gn vfgh y trhohci, y pir nlgn, mil nb miltnxti simfi ” pibàtfmi. ]fl n`ohrki, hb jflhbfzhr nb sfkbi UFU nstis milmnptis rnsubthohl yh iphmhgis pir nb hukn gn bh ulfmhushbfghg y nb ofibikfmfs`i. Nl nb sfkbi UU nb vàlmubi nltrn bh `ngfmflh y bh ofibikàh sn efzi `umei `ès nstrnmei, hu`nlthril lithobn`nltn bis milimf`fnltis milimf`fnltis hmnrmh gnb sustrhti sustrhti `htnrfhb `htnrfhb gn bh nljnr`nghg, nljnr`nghg, y junril nxpunstis ulh vhrfnghg gn primnsis àltf`is qun imurrnl h lfvnb gn ýrk ýrkhlis, hlis, tncfgis, mæbubhs y mi`pilnltns ofiquà`fmis gnb irkhlfs`i eu`hli, shli i nljnr`i. Junril nlmiltrhgis th`ofæl lunvis rnmursis quà`fmis y jàsfmis phrh ehmnr gfhklýstfmis y trhth`fnltis. @ès

hgnbhltn

sn

prigucnril

lithobns hpbfmhmfilns gn bh knlætfmh h bh

fltnrprnthmfýl y trhth`fnlti gn nljnr`nghgns n flmbusi phrh ehmnr `hlfpubhmfilns knlætfmhs qun hrrichl rnsubthgis sirprnlgnltns. Qhrhbnbh`nltn nxfstn ulh tnlgnlmfh `ès rhmfilhbfsth qun prikrnsfvh`nltn sn

vh f`pilfnlgi, qun hpulth ehmfh ulh mi`prnlsfýl

`ubtfmhushb

gn bh

shbug ” nljnr`nghg3 li sn trhth gn mhushs qun sf`pbn`nltn sn hgfmfilhl, hgfmfilhl, sfli gn mhushs qun fltnrhmtóhl sfkufnlgi ul phtrýl gn pitnlmfhbfzhmfýl rnmàprimh nl nb qun li pungn iovfhrsn bh vhrfhobn tn`pirhb. 5

 

Gnsgn jflns gnb sfkbi UZ h bh jnmeh, sn gnshrribbhl bhs mfnlmfhs gn bh shbug mnltrhghs rnstrfmtfvh`nltn nl bh mbàlfmh. ]n tfnln pir iocnti gn nstugfi y trhohci h bh nljnr`nghg y hb flgfvfgui gnsmiltnxtuhbfzhgi gn su `ngfi simfhb. Nstn flgfvfgui mbàlfmi sn hkith nl su rnhbfghg ofibýkfmh, psfmibýkfmh, i psfmiofibýkfmh. H phrtfr gnb sfkbi UZFF surknl itrhs jir`hs gn mi`prnlgnr nb primnsi gn ]hbug ” Nljnr`nghg, qun sn `htnrfhbfzhl nl bis gnshrribbis gn bh pibfmàh `ægfmh, `ægfmh, nb `ivf`fnlti gn shbug póobfmh, bh `ngfmflh simfhb y bh npfgn`fibikàh, bis muhbns milvnrknl phrh ghr irfknl, nl bis mi`fnlzis gnb sfkbi UU, h bh `ignrlh ]hbug Qóobfmh. Nstn mh`pi gfsmfpbflhrfi ns rèpfgh`nltn nlrfqunmfgi pir bh flmirpirhmfýl gn bhs gfsmfpbflhs n`nrknltn nl nb primnsi nvibutfvi gn bhs mfnlmfhs simfhbns y bh nmibikàh eu`hlh. eu`hl h. Nl bh hmtuhbfghg hmtuhbfghg ul `ignbi qun sn fltnlth `hltnlnr nl nl bhs simfnghgns hmtuhbns, hmtuhbns, ns nb gn bh @NGFMFLH W_HGFMFILHB, qun milsfstn qun nl bis trhth`fnltis `ægfmis sn utfbfzhl bhs pbhlths `ngfmflhbns gn mhgh rnkfýl phrh bh sibumfýl gn bis priobn`hs, nsti pnr`ftn rnspnthr y rnsmhthr bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhss mubturhbns gn bis punobis nl nb trhth`fnlti gnb primnsi shbug nljnr`nghg. mhrhmtnràstfmh Nsth `ngfmflh ns th`ofæl milimfgh mi`i @ngfmflh Jibdbýrfmh y ns phrtn gnb phtrf`ilfi mubturhb gn bis punobis, gilgn nb milimf`fnlti gn bh `fs`h phrh gn knlnrhmfýl nl knlnrhmfýl. Ns f`pirthltn rnmilimnr qun nstn tfpi gn `ngfmflh `hltfnln nb milmnpti gn qun nxfstnl junrzhs siornlhturhbns qun prigumnl bh nljnr`nghg, gn gilgn nl mhgh mi`ulfghg nxfstnl rftis pripfis phrh nb trhth`fnlti gn nstis `hbns, bi qun ehmn qun lflkól `ætigi mfnltàjfmi pungn gn`istrhr bh vnrhmfghg gn bis enmeis. Nb primnsi gn shbug y nljnr`nghg gnpnlgn gn bh rnbhmfýl gnb flgfvfgui, jh`fbfh, mi`ulfghg, `ngfi h`ofnltn, mis`is nl milvfvnlmfh hr`ilfish, rnmfprimfghg y rnspnti. Bi qun eh milgumfgi h `umeis phàsns h ulfrsn y trhohchr nl `ngfghs gn pritnmmfýl gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn, rnvhbirfzhmfýl y rnspnti gn bis punobis flgàknlhs nl rnbhmfýl h sus usis, mistu`orns y itris tn`hs rnbhmfilhgis h bh shbug.

Milmnptuhbfzhmfýl gn bh shbug y nljnr`nghg rnsubthgi gn miljnrnlmfhs shlfthrfhs fltnrlhmfilhbns   Bh Irkhlfzhmfýl @ulgfhb @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug, nl nb høi 85>8 tfnln bukhr bh prf`nrh prf`nrh Miljnrnlmfh



]hlfthrfh Fltnrlhmfilhb nltrn sus milmbusfilns gnjflfý, ]hbug mi`i ul nsthgi gn pnrjnmti (mi`pbnti) ofnlnsthr jàsfmi, `nlthb y simfhb, y li sýbi bh husnlmfh gn nljnr`nghg".

6

 

gn bh ]hbug hpirtý hpirtý h bh gnjflfm gnjflfmfýl fýl gn shbug shbug gn bh I@] I@] ul   Bh Irkhlfzhmfýl Qhlh`nrfmhlh gn



ghti `ès3 bh shbug th`ofæl tfnln qun vnr mil nb `ngfi nb `ngfi h`ofnltn qun rignh h bh pnrsilh. gn Hb`h Hth gnb : hb 8? gn snptfn`orn gn 86;5, bh shbug ns ul gnrnm gnrnmei ei eu`hli   Gnmbhrhmfýl gn



julgh`nlthb y qun nb bikri gnb `ès hbti pisfobn gn shbug ns ul iocntfvi simfhb su`h`nltn f`pirthltn nl tigi nb `ulgi, muyh rnhbfzhmfýl nxfkn bh fltnrvnlmfýl gn snmtirns simfhbns, nmilý`fmis y gnb snmtir gn shbug, ohshgis nl bh htnlmfýl prf`hrfh nl shbug.   Mhrth gn Ithwh, Mhlhgè, nl 865: miljnrnlmfh fltnrlhmfilhb siorn bh pri`imfýl gn bh shbug.



^lh ounlh shbug ns nb `ncir rnmursi, rnmursi, phrh nb prikrnsi, pnrsilhb pnrsilhb nmilý`fmi, simfhb y ulh gf`nlsfýl f`pirthltn gn bh mhbfghg mhbfghg gn vfgh, bis jhmtirns nmilý`fmis, nmilý`fmis, pibàtfmis, simfhbns, simfhbns, mubturhbns, `ngfi h`ofnltn, milgumth y ofibýkfmis pungnl fltnrvnlfr ofnl i nl jhvir i nl gntrf`nlti gn bh shbug. Nb iocntfvi gn bh hmmfýl pir bh shbug ns ehmnr qun nshs milgfmfilns snhl jhvirhobns Qhrh pignr pignr pri`imfilhr h bh shbug. 

 

Bis iocntfvis y `nths gnb @fbnlfi 8661-?18>, sn ohshril ohshril nl nb prflmfpfi gnb gnrnmei gnrnmei h bh shbug ti`hlgi nl munlth bi ætfmi, simfhb, tæmlfmi y pibàtfmi. Milmnptuhbfzhlgi bh shbug mi`i ul jhmtir gnmfsfvi phrh nb ofnlnsthr gn bhs pnrsilhs, bhs jh`fbfhs y bhs mi`ulfghgns, rnqufsfti gnb gnshrribbi eu`hli mil nqufghg. Gnrnmei qun gnon snr nqufthtfvi, njfmfnltn y htnlti gn su shbug y bh simfnghg nl su milculti gnon khrhltfzhr qun lhgfn qungn nxmbufgi gnb hmmnsi h bis snrvfmfis gn shbug y qun nstis pripirmfilnl ulh htnlmfýl gn mhbfghg phrh tigis bis usuhrfis. Qir thb rhzýl, vhrfis bis iocntfvis gn gnshrribbi gnb @fbnlfi sn rnbhmfilhril r nbhmfilhril mil bh shbug, thbns mi`i bh rngummfýl gn bh `irthbfghg `htnrlh y nl bh lfønz4 nb miltrib gn nljnr`nghgns mi`i nb ZFE/]FGH, nb phbugfs`i y bh tuonrmubisfs4 nb `hyir hmmnsi h bis snrvfmfis gn hkuh pithobn y shlnh`fnlti4 bh rngummfýl gn bh piornzh y nb hbfvfi gnb eh`orn y bh `hblutrfmfýl, y bh prnsthmfýl gn snrvfmfis gn shbug, flmbufgi nb hmmnsi h bis `ngfmh`nltis nsnlmfhbns. nsnlmfhbn s. (?)

Gnshrribbi ]istnlfobn gn bhs Lhmfilns Lhmfilns ^lfghs (IG]) ?18>-?1=1, sil jruti   Bis Iocntfvis gn Gnshrribbi



gnb hmunrgi hbmhlzhgi pir bis Nsthgis @fn`oris gn bhs Lhmfilns ^lfghs y ssnn mi`pilnl gn ulh Gnmbhrhmfýl mil 8; Iocntfvis y 8:6 `nths mnltrhgh nl `ncirhr bh fkuhbghg phrh rnspilgnr h bhs lnmnsfghgns gn bhs `ucnrns, bis lføis y bhs pnrsilhs `ès lnmnsfthghs y gnsjhvirnmfghs. Bis Nsthgis @fn`oris ehl milvnlfgi nl trhthr gn hbmhlzhrbis phrh nb høi ?1=1. Bh shbug imuph ul bukhr julgh`nlthb nl nb IG] = ‒Khrhltfzhr ulh vfgh shlh y

81

 

pri`ivnr nb ofnlnsthr phrh tigis nl tighs bhs nghgns" ns bh nstrhtnkfh phrh bikrhr ul juturi sistnlfobn phrh tigis. (=) Bh shbug sn fltnrrnbhmfilh y nstè fljbufgh pir vhrfis jhmtirns nltrn bis muhbns nstè bh piornzh, gnsfkuhbghg simfhb, gnkrhghmfýl `ngfih`ofnlthb, gn nstn `igi vhrfis iocntfvis gn gnshrribbi sistnlfobn sn fltnrrnbhmfilhl gfrnmth n flgfrnmth`nltn mil bh shbug. Bis IG] miltrfoufrèl nl bh shbug h trhvæs trhvæs gn bh rngummfýl gn bh thsh `ulgfhb gn `irthbfghg `htnrlh, `htnrlh,   rngummfýl gn bh `irthbfghg lnilhthb y bh `irthbfghg gn lføis `nlirns gn > høis, pilnr jfl h bhs npfgn`fhs gnb ]FGH, bh tuonrmubisfs, bh `hbhrfh y bhs nljnr`nghgns tripfmhbns gnshtnlgfghs y mi`ohtfr bh enphtftfs, bhs nljnr`nghgns trhls`ftfghs pir nb hkuh y itrhs nljnr`nghgns trhls`fsfobns, prnvnlmfýl y nb trhth`fnlti y pri`ivnr bh shbug `nlthb y nb ofnlnsthr. Jirthbnmnr bh prnvnlmfýl y nb trhth`fnlti gnb housi gn susthlmfhs hgfmtfvhs, flmbufgi nb usi flgnofgi gn nstupnjhmfnltns y nb milsu`i limfvi gn hbmieib,  hbmieib,  rngumfr h bh `fthg nb ló`nri gn `unrtns y bnsfilns mhushghs pir hmmfgnltns gn trèjfmi nl nb `ulgi, khrhltfzhr nb hmmnsi ulfvnrshb h bis snrvfmfis gn shbug snxuhb y rnprigumtfvh, Bikrhr bh mionrturh shlfthrfh ulfvnrshb, rngumfr nb ló`nri gn `unrtns y nljnr`nghgns prigumfghs pir prigumtis quà`fmis pnbfkrisis y bh milth`flhmfýl gnb hfrn, nb hkuh y nb sunbi, Jirthbnmnr Miltrib gnb Whohmi nl tigis bis phàsns, pritnknr bh shbug póobfmh y, nl phrtfmubhr, pripirmfilhr hmmnsi h bis `ngfmh`nltis phrh tigis. (7)

]hbug y nljnr`nghg nl Oibfvfh Oibfvfh trhs vfvfr pir `umeis høis mil ul sfstn`h gn shbug nsthlmhgi, `nrmhltfbfsth, y mnltrhgh nl bh htnlmfýl gn gn nljnr`nghgns y li nl bh shbug, mil rnmursi eu`hli gfrfkfgi `ès h bh htnlmfýl gnb gibir y li hsà h bh prnvnlmfýl gnltri gn bh jh`fbfh , mi`ulfghg y simfnghg , sfl mh`ofis nl bis àlgfmns gn `irof`irthbfghg `irof`irthbfghg `htnrli fljhltfb , àlgfmns àlgfmns gn gnslutrfmfýl qun qun flmrn`nlthril nb nb àlgfmn gn piornzh gnb phàs, eh milgumfgi hb hb phàs h nsthobnmnrr hbfhlzhs mil itris phàsns phrh pbhltnhrsn `nths gn flt nsthobnmn fltnrvnlmfýl nrvnlmfýl gnstflhghs h bumehr pir ulh `ncir shbug nl bhs jh`fbfhs gn Oibfvfh, mh`ofhlgi nb phrhgfk`h gn bh oósqungh gn i nspnrh nspnrh gn nljnr`is h bh oósqungh gn ulh `nc `ncir ir shbug gn bh piobhmfýl , mh`ofis qun th`ofæl fljbuynril nl bhs milmnpmfilns hmtuhbns qun sn `hlnch siorn shbug ”  nljnr`nghg nl Oibfvfh rnsphbghgis nl ul `hrmi bnkhb qun ns lunstrh milstftumfýl Qibàtfmh gnb Nsthgi Qburflhmfilhb.

88

 

  Bh shbug nl Oibfvfh sn milstftuyn nl ul gnrnmei eu`hli julgh`nlthb, bi qun lis



mirrnspilgn pir nb sibi enmei gn ehonr lhmfgi ei`orn i `ucnr khrhltfzhgi pir bh Milstftumfýl Qibàtfmh Qibàtfmh gnb Nsthgi Qburflhmfilhb nl su hrtàmubi 85 y phrh tnlnr hmmnsi h bh shbug gnon milthr mil ul snrvfmfi gn shbug mnrmh gn su vfvfnlgh, ti`hr nl munlth sus mhrhmtnràstfmhs mhrhmtnràstfm hs mubturhbns, snr krhtufti y milthr mil snrvfmfis oèsfmis y vfvfnlgh. Gn nsth `hlnrh bh shbug nl Oibfvfh gn hmunrgi h sus gfjnrnltns rnkfilns ns gnjflfg gnjflfghh mi`i3  

ZFZF_ OFNL

 

]^@HC DH@HØH (vfvfr ofnl)

 

ØHLGN_NMI (vfgh hr`ilfish)

 

WNDI DHZF (vfgh ounlh)

ZFZF_ OFNL

ØHLGN_NMI

]HB^G NL OIBFZFH ]^@HC DH@HØH

WNDI DHZF

Xun sfklfjfmh nsthr ofnl milsfki `fs`i, munrpi nspàrftu, mil bh jh`fbfh, mi`ulfghg, `ngfi h`ofnltn i `hgrn tfnrrh y mis`is vfvfnlgi nl nb `hrmi gnb rnspnti, nqufghg, nqufbforfi nqufbforf i rnmfprimfghg. rnmfprimfghg. (>)

8?

 

 

Bh hbtnrhmfýl i jhbth gn uli gn nstis nbn`nltis milgumn h bh nljnr`nghg.

MI@^LFGHG  JH@FBFH FLGFZFG^I

@HG_N WFN__H

NX^FBFO_FI 0 ]HB^G   ]hbug Fltnrmubturhb Fltnrmubturhb milmnpti fltrigumfgi nl nb nsthgi Qburflhmfilhb gn Oibfvfh y n`pbn n`pbnhgi hgi



nl nb sfstn`h gn shbug, sfklfjfmh prhmtfmh y primnsi rnbhmfilhb rnbhmfilhb nltrn nb pnrsilhb gn shbug, bis phmfnltns phmfnltns y sus jh`fbfhrn jh`fbfhrnss nl nb nb qun h`ohs h`ohs phrtns pnrtnlnmnl pnrtnlnmnl h mubturhs gfjnrnltns y qun bis rnsubthgis snhl shtfsjhmtirfis. 8=

 

Nsti surkn h rhàz gn qun nb phmfnltn, bh jh`fbfh, mi`ulfghg, milsfgnrh qun uli gn bis jhmtirns phrh qun bhs bhs pnrsilhs li hbmhlmnl hbmhlmnl bh shbug ns bh flmi`prnlsfýl flmi`prnlsfýl pir phrtn gnb gnb pnrsilhb gn shbug h bh jir`h, nstfbi gn vfgh, mubturh gn bh piobhmfýl knlnrhlgi rnmehzi, gnsmiljfhlzh y muyi rnsubthgi ns milstftufrsn nl ulh ohrrnrh nltrn nb phmfnltn ph mfnltn y nb `ægfmi. Qhrh nsti nb pnrsilhb gn shbug gnon milimnr h bh piobhmfýl nl bh qun trhohch, milimnr y rnspnthr bis usis y mistu`orn gn nstis punobis. (:)   ]hbug miltnxti simfhb, pibàtfmi, nmilý`fmi, mubturhb, nl Oibfvfh ns pibàtfmh pirqun milsfgnrh



mi`i ul milculti gn hmmfilns gnmfsfilns qun ti`hl bhs pnrsilhs, hutirfghgns i bnkfsbhgirns phrh bikrhr i hbmhlzhr ul `nth u iocntfvi mi`ól qun ns bh ]hbug. MQN. Qburflhmfilhb gn Oibfvfh Hrt. 85,=>. (>) Nl nb è`ofti nmilý`fmi gn bh shbug nb nsthgi khrhltfzhrh bis rnmursis nmilý`fmis phrh qun bh piobhmfýl munltn mil snrvfmfis gn htnlmfýl y prnsthmfilns `ægfmhs. ]hbug Jh`fbfhr Mi`ulfthrfh Fltnrmubturhb, Fltnrmubturhb, milsfgnrh h bh pnrsilh shlh mi`i   Bh pibàtfmh gn ]hbug



ul snr fltnkrhb, qun vfvn nl hr`ilàh milsfki `fs`i, mil su jh`fbfh, mi`ulfghg, mil bi nspfrftuhb y mil bh lhturhbnzh, hmnpthlgi, rnspnthlgi y nl nqufbforfi mil bi qun bn rignh, bh hbtnrhmfýl gn uli i `ès mi`pilnltns qun bn rignhl hb flgfvfgui sn `hlfjfnsth nl nljnr`nghg.. (;) nljnr`nghg En`is vfsti bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs gnb primnsi shbug nljnr`nghg nl nb trhlsmursi gnb tfn`pi, ulis mil krhlgns mh`ofis y itris li pnri tighs miltrfouynril h bh `ngfmflh hmtuhb n flmbusi nl `umeis phàsns flmbufgi lunstri phàs nstèl ti`hgi nl munlth vhrfis gn nstis hspnmtis gn bh efstirfh phrh pignr `ncirhr y khrhltfzhr nsn gnrnmei h bh shbug qun tnln`is tigis bis snrns eu`hlis.

87

 

WNUWI HMW^HBFSHGI ]IO_N BH OH]N GNB WNUWI Q_NQH_HGI3 G_. @sm CI_KN X^F_IKH ONBW_HL. ONBW_HL. GIMNLWN GQWI. @NGFMFLH ]IMFHB V JH@FBFH_ JHM. @NGFMFLH. ^@]]. MIMEHOH@OH ?1?1

Ofobfikrhjàh 8. Xufrikh Onbtrhl C. ?1?1.. ?. ]hbug, Irkhlfzhmfil Qhlh`nrfmhlh gn bh4 EHOFWH, JHI,^LFMNJ. Nb gnrnmei h bh shbug y bis iocntfvis gn gnshrribbi gnb @fbnlfi3 MNQHB4 ?11>. =. ]hbug I`gb. Gn bis Iocntfvis gn Gnshrribbi gnb @fbnlfi ehmfh bis lunvis Iocntfvis gn Gnshrribbi ]istnlfobn gn bhs Lhmfilns ^lfghs. ?18> Gfmfn`orn. 7. ]hbug I@gb. Iocntfvis gn Gnshrribbi ]istnlfobn3 @nths. TIlbflnP. Hvhfbhobn jri`3 ettps3//www.ul.irk/susthflhobngnvnbip`nlt/ns/susthfl ettps3//www.ul.irk/susthflhobngnv nbip`nlt/ns/susthflhobn-gnvnbip`nlt-kih hobn-gnvnbip`nlt-kihbs/ bs/..  >. Oibfvfh HMg. Milstftumfýl Qibàtfmh gnb Nsthgi pburflhmfilhb gn Oibfvfh Nb Hbti4 Hb ti4 ?116. :. Qburflhmfilhb HB. Bny 7>6, @ngfmflh Wrhgfmfilhb Hlmnstrh Hlmnstrhbb Oibfvfhlh. ?18=.. ;. Gnmrnti ]uprn`i ?6:18 Bh Qhz4 ?115.

8>

 

HWNLMFÝL Q_F@H_FH GN ]HB^G IOCNWFZI] 8.  @hlnchl nbn`nltis efstýrfmis siorn bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug, fgnltfjfmhlgi y rnbhmfilhlgi snkól nb pnrfigi nsthobnmfgi. ?.  Fgnltfjfmhl bis iocntfvis iocntfvis gn bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug y bis rnbhmfilh mil bis gfjnrnltns gfjnrnltns priobn`hs gn shbug hmtuhb. =.  _nbhmfilhl bis hvhlmns nl bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug gnb miltnxti `ulgfhb y bis rnbhmfilh mil bh rnhbfghg gnb sfstn`h gn shbug.

Nvibumfýl efstýrfmh Bis gfjnrnltns priobn`hs gn shbug, bhs flnqufghgns simfhbns, bis priobn`hs nmilý`fmis, pibàtfmis nb h lfvnb `ulgfhb, n`phøhgh mil bh kunrrh jràh qun sn gfi trhs jflhbfzhr bh ]nkulgh Kunrrh @ulgfhb nltrn bis phàsns gnb Immfgnltn bfgnrhgi pir bis Nsthgis ^lfgis, y bis phàsns gnb Nstn bfgnrhgi pir bh ^lfýl ]ivfætfmh, sftuhmfilns qun hjnmthril bh shbug `ulgfhb, mnltrhbfzhlgi su hmmnsi h hbkulis y `istrhlgi ul gnjfmfnltn `hlnci. Jrnltn h nstis priobn`hs efmfnril vhrfis nsjunrzis kuonrlh`nlthbns phrh trhthr nstn priobn`h y `ncirhr nb hmmnsi h bh shbug, bbnvèlgisn bh FFF _nulfýl _nulfýl Nspnmfhb gn @flfstris gn ]hbug ]hbug nl Mefbn Mefbn nb høi 86;? nl bh qun sn trhthril bhs gnjfmfnlmfhs n flnqufghgns gn bis snrvfmfis gn shbug. Wrhs nstn nvnlti lhmn bh fgnh gn bi qun ns bh htnlmfýl prf`hrfh gn shbug mi`i nstrhtnkfh qun pnr`fth nb `hyir hmmnsi h bh shbug phrh bh piobhmfýl. Bh htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug eh fgi `igfjfmhlgi nl nsths snfs óbtf`hs gæmhghs, gn hmunrgi hb gnshrribbi gn bhs simfnghgns, bis mh`ofis simfinmilý`fmis simfinmilý`fmis y pibàtfmis. Qign`is flfmfhr gnshrribbhlgi gnshrribbhlgi nb prf`nr nvnlti qun gfý ohsn h bh milstrum milstrummfýl mfýl gn ul lunvi sfstn`h gn shbug qun pnr`fth nb ncnrmfmfi pbnli gnb gnrnmei h bh shbug, Bh Miljnrnlmfh Fltnrlhmfilhb siorn bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug gn Hb`h-Hth bbnvhgh bbnvhgh h mhoi nl Dhzhcfsthl gnb : hb 8? gn snptfn`orn nl 86;5 miltý mil bh phrtfmfphmfýl gn 8=7 phàsns y :; irkhlfzhmfilns irkhlfzhmfilns fltnrlhmfilhbns, fltnrlhmfilhbns, husnltn bh _npóobfmh gn Meflh. Meflh. Nvnlti qun milmbuyn milmbuyn mil bh gnmbh gnmbhrhmfýl rhmfýl gn 81 pultis qun miltrfouyhl h pritnknr y pri`ivnr bh shbug gn tigis bis punobis gnb `ulgi.

8:

 

8. 

Bh shbug, nsthgi mi`pbnti gn ofnlnsthr jàsfmi, `nlthb `nlthb y simfhb, y li sibh`nltn bh husnlmfh gn hjnmmfilns i nljnr`nghgns, ns ul gnrnmei eu`hli julgh`nlthb, iocntfvi simfhb qun rnqufnrn rnqufnrn bh fltnrvnlmfýl gn `umeis snmtirns.

?. 

Bh gnsfkuhbghg nl nb nb nsthgi gn shbug gh bh piobhmfýl, piobhmfýl, nltrn bis phàsns nl gn gnshrribbi shrribbi y bis gnshrribbhgis, gnon snr `itfvi gn prnimuphmfýl mi`ól phrh tigis bis phàsns.

=. 

Nb gnshrribbi nmilý`fmi y simfhb, ohshgi nl ul Lunvi Irgnl Nmilý`fmi Fltnrlhmfilhb, ns gn f`pirthlmfh julgh`nlthb phrh bikrhr nb krhgi `èxf`i gn shbug phrh tigis y phrh rngumfr nb jisi qun snphrh, nl nb pbhli gn bh shbug, h bis phàsns nl gnshrribbi gn bis phàsns gnshrribbhgis.

7. 

Nb punobi tfnln nb gnrnmei y nb gnonr gn phrtfmfphr flgfvfguhb y mibnmtfvh`nltn nl bh pbhlfjfmhmfýl y hpbfmhmfýl gn su htnlmfýl gn shbug.

>. 

Bis kiofnrlis tfnlnl bh iobfkhmfýl gn mufghr bh shbug gn sus punobis, ns lnmnshrfi bh hgipmfýl gn `ngfghs `ngfghs shlfthrfhs y simfhbns simfhbns hgnmuhghs. hgnmuhghs. Nb prflmfphb iocntfvi gn bis kiofnrlis, gn bhs irkhlfzhmfilns fltnrlhmfilhbns n gn bh mi`ulfghg `ulgfhb nltnrn nl nb mursi gn bis prýxf`is gnmnlfis gnon snr nb gn qun tigis bis punobis gnb `ulgi hbmhlmnl nl nb høi ?111 ul lfvnb gn shbug qun bns pnr`fth bbnvhr ulh vfgh simfhb y nmilý`fmh`nltn nmilý`fmh`n ltn prigumtfvh, ohshghs nl bh htnlmfýl prf`hrfh gn sshbug. hbug.

:. 

Bh htnlmfýl prf`hrfh gn shbug ns bh hsfstnlmfh shlfthrfh nsnlmfhb ohshgh nl `ætigis y tnmlibikàhs prèmtfmis, mfnltàjfmh`nltn julghgis y simfhb`nltn hmnpthobns, punsth hb hbmhlmn gn tigis bis flgfvfguis y jh`fbfhs gn bh mi`ulfghg `ngfhltn su pbnlh phrtfmfphmfýl y h ul misti qun bh mi`ulfghg y nb phàs punghl sipirthr, nl tighs y mhgh ulh gn bhs nthphs gn su gnshrribbi mil ul nspàrftu gn hutirrnspilshofbfghg y

;. 

hutigntnr`flhmfýl. Bh htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug ,ns h bh vnz ul rnjbnci y ulh milsnmunlmfh gn bhs milgfmfilns nmilý`fmhs nmilý`fmhs y gn bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs simfimubturhbns y pibàtfmhs gnb phàs y gn sus mi`ulfghgns4 sn irfnlth ehmfh bis prflmfphbns priobn`hs gn shbug gn bh mi`ulfghg y prnsth bis snrvfmfis gn pri`imfýl, prnvnlmfýl, trhth`fnlti y rnehofbfthmfýl4 Mi`prnlgn hmtfvfghgns mi`i bh ngumhmfýl siorn bis prflmfphbns priobn`hs gn shbug y siorn bis `ætigis gn prnvnlmfýl y gn bumeh mirrnspilgfnltns4 bh pri`imfýl gnb su`flfstri gn hbf`nltis y gn ulh lutrfmfýl hpripfhgh, ul hohstnmf`fnlti hgnmuhgi gn hkuh pithobn y shlnh`fnlti oèsfmi4 bh hsfstnlmfh `htnrli fljhltfb, mil flmbusfýl gn bh pbhlfjfmhmfýl gn bh jh`fbfh4 bh fl`ulfzhmfýl miltrh bhs prflmfphbns nljnr`nghgns 8;

 

fljnmmfishs4 bh prnvnlmfýl y bumeh miltrh bhs nljnr`nghgns nlgæ`fmhs bimhbns4 nb trhth`fnlti hpripfhgi gn bhs nljnr`nghgns y trhu`htfs`is mi`ulns4 y nb su`flfstri gn `ngfmh`nltis nsnlmfhbns4 Nltrhøh bh phrtfmfphmfýl, hgn`ès gnb snmtir shlfthrfi, gn tigis bis snmtirns y mh`pis gn hmtfvfghg milnxis gnb gnshrribbi lhmfilhb y mi`ulfthrfi, nxfkn bis nsjunrzis miirgflhgis gn tigis nsis snmtirns4 nxfkn y ji`nlth nl krhgi `èxf`i bh hutirrnspilshofbfghg y bh phrtfmfphmfýl gn bh mi`ulfghg y gnb flgfvfgui nl bh pbhlfjfmhmfýl, bh irkhlfzhmfýl, nb julmfilh`fnlti julmfilh`fnlti y nb miltrib gn bh htnlmfýl h tnlmfýl prf`hrfh gn shbug4 gnon nsthr hsfstfgh pir sfstn`hs s fstn`hs gn nlvài gn mhsis fltnkrhgis, f ltnkrhgis, julmfilhbns y qun sn hpiynl `utuh`nltn, h jfl gn bbnkhr hb `ncirh`fnlti prikrnsfvi gn bh htnlmfýl shlfthrfh mi`pbnth phrh tigis, ghlgi prfirfghg h bis `ès lnmnsfthgis4 ]n ohsh, thlti nl nb pbhli bimhb mi`i nl nb gn rnjnrnlmfh y milsubth gn mhsis, nl pnrsilhb gn shbug, mil flmbusfýl snkól primngh, gn `ægfmis, nljnr`nrhs, phrtnrhs, huxfbfhrns y trhohchgirns gn bh mi`ulfghg, hsà mi`i gn pnrsilhs qun prhmtfmhl bh `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb, nl bh `ngfgh qun sn lnmnsftnl, mil nb hgfnstrh`fnlti gnofgi nl bi simfhb y nl bi tæmlfmi, phrh trhohchr mi`i ul nqufpi gn shbug y htnlgnr bhs lnmnsfghgns gn shbug nxprnshs gn bh mi`ulfghg. 5. 

Wigis bis kiofnrlis gnonl jir`ubhr pibàtfmhs, nstrhtnkfhs y pbhlns gn hmmfýl lhmfilhbns, mil iocnti gn flfmfhr y `hltnlnr bh htnlmfýl prf`hrfh gn shbug mi`i phrtn gn ul sfstn`h lhmfilhb gn shbug mi`pbnti y nl miirgflhmfýl mil itris snmtirns.

6. 

Wigis bis phàsns gnonl miipnrhr, mil nspàrftu gn sibfghrfghg y gn snrvfmfi, h jfl gn khrhltfzhr bh htnlmfýl prf`hrfh gn shbug phrh tigi nb punobi.

81. 

Ns pisfobn hbmhlzhr ul lfvnb hmnpthobn gn shbug phrh tigh bh eu`hlfghg nl nb høi ?111 `ngfhltn ulh utfbfzhmfýl `ncir y `ès mi`pbnth gn bis rnmursis `ulgfhbns, gn bis muhbns ulh phrtn milsfgnrhobn sn gnstflh nl bh hmtuhbfghg h hr`h`nlti y miljbfmtis `fbfthrns. (8)

Ns lnmnshrfi rntrimngnr rntrimngnr h 86;;, høi nl nb muhb bh Hsh`obnh @ulgfhb gn bh ]]hbug hbug gnmfgfý qun sn `hrqun mi`i `nth simfhb gn bis Kiofnrlis y gn bh I@] nl bis prýxf`is gnmnlfis nl hbmhlzhr hbmhlzhr phrh tigis bis mfughghlis gnb `ulgi nl nb høi ?111 ul krhgi gn shbug qun bns pnr`fth bbnvhr ulh vfgh simfhb y nmilý`fmh`nltn prigumtfvh, prigumtfvh, ns gnmfr bh `nth mi`ól`nltn gnli`flhgh "shbug phrh tigis nl nb høi ?111". Nl 86;5 nb nvnlti gnb Hb`h Hth rnmilimn h bh htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug mi`i nstrhtnkfh qun pnr`fth hbmhlzhr nsth `nth y ghr mu`pbf`fnlti h bhs rnsibumfilns hgipthghs phrh hbmhlzhr nsth `nth. (?)

85

 

Bh `nth shbug phrh tigis sn nl`hrmi nl trns iocntfvis3 rnnstrumturhmfýl y nxphlsfýl gn bis sfstn`hs gn snrvfmfis gn shbug phrh `ncirhr su nqufghg, njfmhmfh y njfmfnlmfh4 bh pri`imfýl y pnrjnmmfilh`fnlti gn bh hrtfmubhmfýl y gn bh miipnrhmfýl fltnrsnmtirfhb, y bh pri`imfýl y `ncirh`fnlti gn bh miipnrhmfýl rnkfilhb n fltnrrnkfilhb fltnrrnkfilhb,, irfnlthgis h hsnkurhr bh miltrfoumfýl nspnmàjfmh gnb snmtir shbug h bh rngummfýl gn bhs gnsfkuhbghgns simfhbns y nmilý`fmhs. Nl muhlti h bhs `nths `àlf`hs nsthobnmfnril qun lflkól phàs tnlgrè ulh nspnrhlzh gn vfgh hb lhmnr fljnrfir h bis ;1 høis, ulh `irthbfghg fljhltfb `hyir gn =1 gnjulmfilns pirmhgh 8.111 lhmfgis vfvis, lf ulh `irthbfghg gn lføis gn 8-7 høis gn nghg supnrfir h ?,7 gnjulmfilns pir mhgh 8.111 lføis gn nshs nghgns, snrvfmfis gn fl`ulfzhmfýl hb 811% gn bis lføis `nlirns gn ul høi gn nghg miltrh bh gfjtnrfh, tis jnrflh, tæthlis, tuonrmubisfs, shrh`pfýl y pibfi`fnbftfs, nb tæthlis hb 811% gn bhs n`ohrhzhghs nl èrnhs gilgn nb tæthlis lnilhthb ns nlgæ`fmi. @igfjfmhr gntnr`flhltns gntnr`flhltns `ncirhlgi nb hmmnsi hb hkuh pithobn h hprixf`hgh`nltn 811 `fbbilns gn ehofthltns gn bhs zilhs rurhbns y h ulis 8>> `fbbilns nl bhs urohlhs, hsà mi`i hbmhlthrfbbhgi, i snrvfmfis gn gfspisfmfýl gn nxmrnths, hprixf`hgh`nltn h 871 `fbbilns nl èrnhs rurhbns y h ?>1 `fbbilns nl bhs urohlhs, phrh nb høi 86614 nltrn 8668 y nb høi ?111, `hltnlnrbh mionrturh tithb pripirmfilhlgi snrvfmfis sf`fbhrns h =1 `fbbilns gn piobhgirns rurhbns y h 811 `fbbilns gn piobhgirns urohlis , hsnkurhr hsnkurhr nb hmmnsi h bis snrvfmfis gn shbug hb 811% gn bh piobhmfýl. Nstis iocntfvis y `nths gn shbug phrh tigis nl nb høi ?111 sn julgh`nlthril nl bh htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug. (?)

Nb høi ?115 bh Irkhlfzhmfýl @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug nvhbóh bis hvhlmns nl bh htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug mil nb iocntfvi gn rnirfnlthr bis fltnrnsn fltnrnsnss gn bh I@] ehmfh bh htnlmfýl prf`hrfh gn shbug. Nl snptfn`orn gnb høi ?111 nl bh mfughg gn Lunvh Vird sn bbnvh h mhoi bh Mu`orn gnb @fbnlfi, mil 856 rnprnsnlthltns rnprnsnlthltns gnb `ulgi, `ulgi, mi`i ulh pripunsth gn bhs Lhmfilns ^lfghs mi`i `ngfgh qun pnr`fth hjrilthr y ousmhr sibumfilns h bis krhlgns priobn`hs gn bh eu`hlfghg mi`i nb flkrnsi nmilý`fmi gfhrfi `nlir h 8 gýbhr, nb eh`orn, husnltfs`i nsmibhr siorn tigi gn lføhs, `irthbfghg `htnrlh gurhltn nb phrti, flmrn`nlti gn bh `irthbfghg pir ]FGH, husnlmfh gn hmmnsi h hkuh pithobn. Nvnlti qun milmbuyn milmbuyn mil bh jfr`h gn bh Gnmbhrhmfýl gnb @fbnlfi @fbnlfi mil 5 iocntfvis jfchg jfchgis is phrh mu`pbfr ehsth nb ?18>3 8.  Nrrhgfmhr bh piornzh nxtrn`h y nb eh`orn 86

 

 

?.  Bikrhr bh nlsnøhlzh prf`hrfh ulfvnrshb =.  Qri`ivnr bh fkuhbghg nltrn bis kælnris y bh hutili`àh gn bh `ucnr 7.  _ngumfr bh `irthbfghg fljhltfb >.  @ncirhr bh shbug `htnrlh :.  Mi`ohtfr nb ZFE/]FGH, nb phbugfs`i y itrhs nljnr`nghgns ;.  Khrhltfzhr bh sistnlfofbfghg gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn 5.  Ji`nlthr ulh hsimfhmfýl `ulgfhb phrh nb gnshrribbi

H]IMFHMFÝL @^LGFHB QH_H NB GN]H__IBBI

]I]WNLFOFBFGHG GNB @NGFI H@OFNLWN

N__HGFMH_ BH QIO_NSH NUW_N@H V NB EH@O_N

NL]NØHLSH Q_F@H_FH ^LFZN_]HB

IOCNWFZI] GNB @FBNLFI

MI@OHWF_ NB ZFE , QHB^GF]@I V IW_H] NLJ.

FK^HBGHG NLW_N BI] KNLN_I] V BH H^WILI@FH GN BH @^CN_

_NG^MF_ BH @I_WHBFGHG FLJHLWFB @NCI_H BH ]HB^G @HWN_LH

Junltn3  Jfkurh nbhoirhgh siorn bh ohsn gn I@, Irkhlfzhmfýl ettps3//sehrn.h`nrfmh.kiv/ns/ ettps3//sehrn.h`n rfmh.kiv/ns/mrnhr-ul-lunvi-`ulgi-phrh-n mrnhr-ul-lunvi-`ulgi-phrh-nb-lunvi-`fbnlf b-lunvi-`fbnlfi/ i/

gn

bhs

Lhmfilns

^lfghs,

Nb Ohlmi @ulgfhb nl horfb gnb ?188 prnsnlth ul fljir`n siorn nb mu`pbf`fnlti gn bis Iocntfvis gn Gnshrribbi gnb @fbnlfi3 Gn 8658 h ?11> nb pirmnlthcn gn pnrsilhs vfvfnlgi nl bh piornzh nxtrn`h ohcý gnb >? hb ?: % gn bh piobhmfýl `ulgfhb. Itrhs `ncirhs qun rnmilimn nb ohlmi `ulgfhb "Gis tnrmfis gn bis phàsns nl gnshrribbi nstèl ofnl nlmh`flhgis i prýxf`is h bikrhr `nths f`pirthltns phrh nrrhgfmhr bh nxtrn`h piornzh y hbfvfhr nb eh`orn. Bh rhzýl julgh`nlthb gn nstn prilýstfmi thl iptf`fsth ns bh hbth thsh gn mrnmf`fnlti nmilý`fmi rnkfstrhgh nl bis phàsns `nlis gnshrribbhgis

?1

 

nltrn ?11; y ?181 (:,: % hluhb mi`phrhgh mil =,? % phrh tigh bh nmili`àh `ulgfhb) y priynmthgh phrh ?188-?187 (:,= % hluhb mi`phrhgh mil 7,: % phrh bh nmili`àh `ulgfhb). Qhrh ghr miltflufghg h bhs `nths trhzhghs pir bis phàsns `fn`oris gn bhs lhmfilns ulfghs surkn nb høi ?18? bh Miljnrnlmfh gn bhs Lhmfilns ^lfghs siorn nb Gnshrribbi ]istnlfobn, bbnvhgh h mhoi nl _ài gn Chlnfri mil 86= nsthgis `fn`oris gn bh IL^. Nb nvnlti milmbuyn mil bh nbhoirhmfýl gn bis 8; Iocntfvis gn Gnshrribbi ]istnlfobn mil 8:6 `nths pbhltnhlgi nb mi`fnlzi ?18> y bh jflhbfzhmfýl nl ?1=1. Bis Iocntfvis gnb @fbnlfi sn mnltrhril prflmfphb`nltn prflmfphb`nltn nl bh hknlgh simfhb, bis Iocntfvis gn Gnshrribbi ]istnlfobn hoirghl tn`hs mi`i nb mrnmf`fnlti nmilý`fmi, bh flmbusfýl simfhb y bh pritnmmfýl gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn. 8.  Qilnr jfl h bh piornzh nl tighs sus jir`hs nl tigi nb `ulgi. ?.  Qilnr jfl hb eh`orn, bikrhr bh snkurfghg hbf`nlthrfh y bh `ncirh gn bh lutrfmfýl y pri`ivnr bh hkrfmubturh sistnlfobn. =.  Khrhltfzhr ulh vfgh shlh y pri`ivnr nb ofnlnsthr phrh tigis nl tighs bhs nghgns. 7.  Khrhltfzhr ulh ngumhmfýl flmbusfvh, nqufthtfvh y gn mhbfghg y pri`ivnr ipirtulfghgns gn hprnlgfzhcn gurhltn tigh bh vfgh phrh tigis. >.  Bikrhr bh fkuhbghg nltrn bis kælnris y n`pignrhr h tighs bhs `ucnrns y bhs lføhs. :.  Khrhltfzhr bh gfspilfofbfghg gn hkuh y su knstfýl knst fýl sistnlfobn y nb shlnh`fnlti phrh tigis. ;.  Khrhltfzhr nb hmmnsi h ulh nlnrkàh hsnqufobn, snkurh, sistnlfobn y `ignrlh phrh tigis. 5.  Qri`ivnr nb mrnmf`fnlti nmilý`fmi sistnlfgi, flmbusfvi y sistnlfobn, nb n`pbni pbnli y prigumtfvi y nb trhohci gnmnltn phrh tigis. 6.  Milstrufr fljrhnstrumturhs rnsfbfnltns, pri`ivnr bh flgustrfhbfzhmfýl flmbusfvh y sistnlfobn y ji`nlthr bh fllivhmfýl. 81.  _ngumfr bh gnsfkuhbghg nl y nltrn bis phàsns. 88.  Bikrhr qun bhs mfughgns y bis hsnlth`fnltis eu`hlis snhl flmbusfvis, snkuris, rnsfbfnltns y sistnlfobns. 8?.  Khrhltfzhr `ighbfghgns gn milsu`i y prigummfýl sistnlfobns 8=.  Hgipthr `ngfghs urknltns phrh mi`ohtfr nb mh`ofi mbf`ètfmi y sus njnmtis 87.  Milsnrvhr y utfbfzhr nl jir`h sistnlfobn bis imæhlis, bis `hrns y bis rnmursis `hrflis phrh nb gnshrribbi sistnlfobn

?8

 

8>.  Qritnknr, rnsthobnmnr y pri`ivnr nb usi sistnlfobn gn bis nmisfstn`hs tnrrnstrns, knstfilhr bis oisquns gn jir`h sistnlfobn, bumehr miltrh bh gnsnrtfjfmhmfýl, gntnlnr n flvnrtfr bh gnkrhghmfýl gn bhs tfnrrhs y pilnr jrnli h bh pærgfgh gn bh gfvnrsfghg ofibýkfmh 8:.  Qri`ivnr simfnghgns phmàjfmhs phmàjfmhs n flmbusfvhs phrh nb gnshrribbi sistnlfobn, jhmfbfthr nb hmmnsi h bh custfmfh phrh tigis y mrnhr flstftumfilns njfmhmns, rnspilshobns n flmbusfvhs h tigis bis lfvnbns. 8;.  Jirthbnmnr bis `ngfis gn ncnmumfýl y rnvfthbfzhr bh Hbfhlzh @ulgfhb phrh nb Gnshrribbi ]istnlfobn.

M_NMF@FNLWI NMILÝ@FMI

Q_IWNMMFÝL GNB @NGFI H@OFNLWN

FLMB^]FÝL ]IMFHB

IOCNWFZI] GN GN]H__IBBI ]I]WNLFOBN Junltn3 

jfkurh nbhoirhgh siorn bh ohsn gn IG], Irkhlfzhmfýl ettps3//minmytmiheufbh.kio.`x/iocntfvis-gn-gnshrribbi-sistnlfobn-hknlgh-?1=1/

gn

bhs

Lhmfilns

^lfghs,

Jirthbnmfnlgi h bh hknlgh ?1=1 surkn ul nvnlti f`pirthltn bbnvhgi h mhoi gnb ?8 hb ?7 gn livfn`orn gn ?18: nl ]ehlkeèf (Meflh) bh Livnlh Miljnrnlmfh @ulgfhb gn Qri`imfýl gn bh ]hbug, irkhlfzhgh milculth`nltn pir nb Kiofnrli gn Meflh y bh I@]. Gn muyh rnulfýl eh shbfgi bh Gnmbhrhmfýl gn ]ehlkeèf ]ehlkeèf siorn bh Qri`imfýl gn bh ]h ]hbug bug lnmnshrfh phrh nb mu`pbf`fnlti gn bh hknlgh ?1=1 phrh nb Gnshrribbi ]istnlfobn. Nstn hmunrgi rnmilimn3 ??

 

 

Bh shbug y nb ofnlnsthr sil julgh`nlthbns phrh nb gnshrribbi sistnlfobn, pir bi qun bis nsthgis tfnlnl nb gnonr gn flvnrtfr nl bh shbug, gn khrhltfzhr bh mionrturh shlfthrfh ulfvnrshb y gn rngumfr bhs gnsfkuhbghgns.

 

Qri`ivnr bh shbug `ngfhltn bh hgipmfýl gn `ngfghs nlmh`flhghs hb mu`pbf`fnlti gn tigis bis IG], rnbhmfilhlgi rnbhmfilhlgi tigis bis IG] n f`pbfmhlgi f`pbfmhlgi hb milcul milculti ti gn bh simfnghg nl nl nb primnsi gn gnshrribbi shlfthrfi.

 

Hgipthr gnmfsfilns pibàtfmhs hughmns nl pri gn bh shbug. Bh shbug gn bhs pnrsilhs yh li sn pungn gnsbfkhr gn bh shbug gnb pbhlnth, y nb mrnmf`fnlti nmilý`fmi pir sà `fs`i li khrhltfzh bh `ncirh gn bh shbug gn ulh piobhmfýl.

 

Bh ounlh kionrlhlzh ns nsnlmfhb phrh bh shbug. Bhs pibàtfmhs nl pri gn bh shbug y bh custfmfh simfhb onlnjfmfhl h tigh bh simfnghg.

 

Bhs mfughgns y bhs mi`ulfghgns sil nltirlis nsnlmfhbns phrh bh shbug. Bh shbug ns nb prigumti gn bh vfgh gfhrfh, nsti ns, gn bis ohrrfis y bhs mi`ulfghgns gilgn bh knltn vfvn, h`h, trhohch, mi`prh y cunkh.

 

Bis milimf`fnltis shlfthrfis n`pignrhl n`pignrhl y ji`nlthl bh nqufghg.

 

Bbh`h`fnlti h bh hmmfýl. Bh pri`imfýl gn bh shbug s hbug rnqufnrn ulh hmmfýl miirgflhgh pir tighs bhs phrtns fltnrnshghs, ns ulh rnspilshofbfghg mi`phrtfgh. (=)

Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug ]nkól Hb`h Hth Bh htnlmfýl prf`hrfh gn shbug ns gnjflfgh mi`i bh hsfstnlmfh shlfthrfh nsnl nsnlmfhb, mfhb, ohshghs nl `ætigis y tnmlibikàhs prèmtfmis, mfnltàjfmh`nltn julghgis y simfhb`nltn hmnpthobns, punstis hb hbmhlmn gn tigis bis flgfvfguis gn bh mi`ulfghg y sus jh`fbfhs, `ngfhltn su pbnlh phrtfmfphmfýl, y h ul misti qun bh mi`ulfghg y nb phàs punghl sipirthr gurhltn tighs y mhgh ulh gn bhs nthphs gn su gnshrribbi, mil nspàrftu gn huti rnspilshofbfghg rnspilshofbfghg y huti gntnr`flhmfýl. gntnr`flhmfýl. Ns phrtn fltnkrhltn thlti gnb sfstn`h lhmfilhb gn shbug, gnb qun milstftuyn bh julmfýl mnltrhb y lómbni prflmfphb, mi`i gnb gnshrribbi simfhb y nmilý`fmi kbiohb gn gn bh mi`ulfghg. _nprnsnlth nb prf`nr lfvnb gn milthmti milthmti gn bis flgfvfguis, bh jh`fbfh y bh mi`ulfghg mil nb sfstn`h lhmfilhb gn shbug, bbnvhlgi bi `ès mnrmh pisfobn bh htnlmfýl htnlmfýl nl shbug hb bukhr gn rnsfstnlmfh y trhohci, trhohci, y milstftuyn nb prf`nr nbn`nlti gn gn ul primnsi pnr`hlnltn gn hsfstnlmfh shlfthrfh. (8)

?=

 

]nkól nb Flstftuti gn @ngfmflh gn Lirtnh`ærfmh (FI@) Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh ns bh privfsfýl gn snrvfmfis gn shbug fltnkrhgis y hmmnsfobns, pir prijnsfilhbns njfmfnltns nl bh mionrturh gn bh `hyiràh gn bhs lnmnsfghgns lnmnsfghgns gn shbug gn bhs pnrsilhs, qun gnshrribbhl ulh rnbhmfýl miltfluhgh mil sus phmfnltns, y qun rnhbfzhl su prèmtfmh gnltri gnb miltnxti gn bh jh`fbfh y bh mi`ulfghg. (7) ]nkól nb gimu`nlti HQ] _nlivhgh Bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh ns ulh gn bhs vàhs `ès njfmfnltns y nqufthtfvhs gn irkhlfzhr ul sfstn`h. ]u f`pbn`nlthmfýl nxfkn prnsthr `ès htnlmfýl h bhs lnmnsfghgns nstrumturhbns y ipnrhtfvhs gn bis sfstn`hs gn shbug thbns mi`i nb hmmnsi, bh custfmfh nmilý`fmh, bh hgnmuhmfýl y sistnlfofbfghg gn bis rnmursis, nb mi`pri`fsi pibàtfmi y nb gnshrribbi gn sfstn`hs qun khrhltfmnl bh mhbfghg gn bh htnlmfýl. (>)

Qrflmfpfis gn bh HQ] (8) Bh htnlmfýl prf`hrfh gn shbug tfnln tfnln mi`i prflmfpfis oèsfmi oèsfmiss bh3 h)  Gfstrfoumfýl nqufthtfvh gn bis rnmursis3 tigis bis krupis gn bh simfnghg tfnln bis `fs`is gnrnmeis h bh shbug, bi qun flmbuyn nb hmmnsi nmilý`fmi y knikrèjfmi h bis snrvfmfis. o)  Qhrtfmfphmfýl mi`ulfthrfh3 hbnlthr y ghr ipirtulfghg h bhs pnrsilhs gn flvibumrhrsn gn `hlnrh hmtfvh nl bhs gnmfsfilns siorn su pripfh shbug y siorn bis snrvfmfis gn shbug phrh su mi`ulfghg. m)  Wnmlibikàh hpripfhgh3 bis mufghgis prf`hrfis gn bh shbug gnonl nsthr ohshgis nl `ætigis hsnqufobns, ætfmh y mubturhb`nltn hmnpthobns phrh bis flgfvfguis y bh mi`ulfghg, y snr hpripfhgis phrh bhs milgfmfilns nl bhs qun vhl h snr hpbfmhgis. g)  Miipnrhmfý Miipnrhmfýl l nltrn bis gfjnrnltns snmtirns3 mibhoirhr y snkufr nstrhtnkfhs mi`ulns mil itris snmtirns muyhs pibàtfmhs nstèl rnbhmfilhghs rnbhmfilhghs mil bh shbug, mi`i bh hkrfmubturh, bh ngumhmfýl n gumhmfýl y bh vfvfnlgh. n)  Æljhsfs nl bh prnvnlmfýl sfl nxmbufr bis mufghgis murhtfvis3 flmirpirhr bh pri`imfýl y bh ngumhmfýl shlfthrfh siorn mý`i miltribhr y prnvnlfr bis priobn`hs gn shbug `ès ehoftuhbns.

?7

 

_NM^_]I] NMILÝ@FMI] NX^FWHWFZI]

ÆLJH]F] NL BH Q_NZNLMFÝL

Q_FLMFQFI]

QH_WFMFQHMFÝL MI@^LFWH_FH

GN BH HQ] MIIQN_HMFÝL FLWN_]NMWI_FHB

WNMILIBIKÀH HQ_IQFHGH

Junltn3 Jfkurh nbhoirhgh siorn bh ohsn gn HQ], I Irkhlfzhmfýl rkhlfzhmfýl @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug

Nbn`nltis gn bh HQ] (:) h)  Ngumhmfýl shlfthrfh y pri`imfýl gn bh shbug. o)  Hgnmuhgi hohstnmf`fnlti hohstnmf`fnlti gn hbf`nlti y pri`imfýl gn ulh ounlh hbf`nlthmfýl. m)  Hohstnmf`fnlt Hohstnmf`fnlti i gn hkuh pithobn y gn shlnh`fnlti oèsfmi. g)  Mufghgis shlfthrfis `htnrli-fljhltfbns, flmbuynlgi bh shbug rnprigumtfvh. ?>

 

n)  Fl`ulfzhmfýl miltrh bhs prflmfphbns nljnr`nghgns fljnmmfishs. j)  Qrnvnlmfýl y miltrib gn nljnr`nghgns nlgæ`fmhs. k)  Wrhth`fnlti hpripfhgi gn bhs nljnr`nghgns `ès ehoftuhbns y gn bis trhu`htfs`is mi`ulns. e)  Qrivfsfýl gn `ngfmh`nltis nsnlmfhbns.

NG^MHMFÝL ]HLFWH_FHQ_I@IMFÝL GN BH ]HB^G

Q_IZF]FÝL GN @NGFMH@NLWI] N]MNLMFHBN]

HOH]WNMF@FNLWI GN HBF@NLWI]Q_I@IMFIL GN ^LH O^NLH HBF@NLWHMFÝL

NBN@NLWI] W_HWH@FNLWI HQ_IQFHGI GN BH] NLJN_@NGHGN]

HOH]WNMF@FNLWI GN HK^H QIWHOBN V ]HLNH@FNLWI OÈ]FMI

GN BH HQ] ]HB^G @HWN_LI FLJ

Q_NZNLMFÝL V MILW_IB GN NLJN_@NGHGN]

HLWFB V _NQ_IG^MWFZH _NQ_IG^MWFZH FL@^LFSHMFÝL MILW_H NLJN_@NGHGN] FLJNMMFFI]H]

Junltn3 Jfkurh nbhoirhgh siorn bh ohsn gn HQ] HQ],, Irkhlfzhmfýl @ulgfhb gn bh bh ]hbug.

Mhrhmtnràstfmhs gn bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug Nl nb bikri y mu`pbf`fnlti gn sus iocntfvis gnon rnulfr bhs sfkufnltns mhrhmtnràstfmhs3

?:

 

FLWNK_HBFGHG

QH_WFMFQHMFÝL MI@^LFWH_FH

H@QBFHMFÝL GN MION_W^_H] GN ]F]WN@H]

Q_IK_H@H]

MII_GFLHMFÝL V _NKFILHBFSHMFÝL

H^@NLWI GN BH MHQHMFGHG IQN_HWFZH GNB ]F]WN@H V GN BI] ]N_ZFMFI] GN ]HB^G

]NBNMMFÝL GN WNMLIBIKÀH] NL ]HB^G V HWNLMFÝL Q_F@H_FH

8.  Fltnkrfghg.Fltnkrfghg.-   Bhs hmmfilns phrh hbmhlzhr bhs `nths nl bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh sil fltnkrhbns4 ns gnmfr, hjnmthl hjnmthl li sýbi h bi murhtfvi sfli, julgh`nlthb`n julgh`nlthb`nltn ltn h bi prnvnltfvi. Qir nsti sn hmistu`orh h gnli`flhrbhs3 prnvnlmfýl prf`hrfh (pri`imfýl y pritnmmfýl gn bh shbug), prnvnlmfýl snmulghrfh (murhmfýl), y tnrmfhràh (rnehofbfthmfýl) hpbfmhlgi nb milmnpti fltnkrhgir gn Efstirfh Lhturhb gn bh Nljnr`nghg. Qhrh hbmhlzhr ]hbug phrh Wigis h trhvæs gn bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh y gnshrribbhr bis prikrh`hs pripunstis ns lnmnshrfi rnhgnmuhr y rnirkhlfzhr bis rnmursis jàsfmis, eu`hlis i `htnrfhbns. Nl ul krhl ló`nri gn sfstn`hs gn shbug gfmeis rnmursis nstèl irkhlfzhgis pir lfvnbns hsmnlgnltnss gn mi`pbncfghg4 gnsgn nb prf`nri, qun sil bis punstis y mnltris gn shbug ehsth hsmnlgnltn bis `ès hbtis eispfthbns nspnmfhbfzhgis. Nb mu`pbf`fnlti gn bis iocntfvis trhzhgis f`pbfmh nb usi gn snrvfmfis oèsfmis gn shbug mil phrtfmfphmfýl mi`ulfthrfh, phrtfnlgi gnb pripfi lómbni jh`fbfhr. (;)

?;

   

^]I GN OH_OFCI

M^_HWFZI

FLWNK_FGHG

Q_NZNLWFZI

Q_NZNLMFÝL ]NM^LGH_FH GFHKLÝ]WFMI IQI_W^LI

W_HWH@FNLWI V _NEHOFBFWHMFÝL

Junltn3 Jfkurh nbhoirhgh siorn bh ohsn gnb Gissfnr gnb Gr. Cirkn Xufrikh

?.  H`pbfhmfýl gn bh mionrturh gn bis snrvfmfis gn shbug. - ]f -  ]f ofnl bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh hohrmh h tigh bh piobhmfýl, pripilfælgisn nqufghg nl nb hmmnsi h bis snrvfmfis nsnlmfhbns, bh rnhbfghg iobfkh h shtfsjhmnr nl prf`nr tær`fli, bhs lnmnsfghgns oèsfmhs gn bis snmtirns piorns i nxmbufgis4 nxmbufgis4 sfl n`ohrki, li gnon bf`fthrsn h nbbis. Qir bi thlti, li pungn pungn milsfgnrhrsn mi`i "ul prikrh`h" muyi iocnti snh sýbi htnlgnr bhs lnmnsfghgns `àlf`hs gn bhs pnrsilhs qun vfvnl nl nxtrn`h piornzh (nqufvimhgh`nltn gnli`flhgh "@ngfmflh phrh bis Qiorns"). F`pbfmh, nl tigi mhsi, nxtnlgnr i h` h`pbfhr pbfhr bh mionrturh gn bis snrvfmfis gn shbug. (;) ¹Xuæ nltnlgn`is nltnlgn`is pir mionrturh9 mionrturh9 Hul muhlgi pungn pungn ehonr vhrfhs hmnpmfilns hmnpmfilns lis fltnrnshl gis3 i

  Bh mionrturh gn bis prikrh`hs y hmtfvfghgns gn shbug, ns gnmfr, nb pirmnlthcn gn

piobhmfýl muofnrti muofnrti pir nbbis. Qir Nc.3 >1% gn mionrturh mil vhmulh ]hofl sfklfjfmh qun nb >1% gn bis lføis gn 1 h 8 høi nstèl vhmulhgis mil ]hofl. ?5

 

i

  Bh mionrturh gn bis snrvfmfis gn shbug nltnlgfgh mi`i su hmmnsfofbfghg phrh bh

piobhmfýl. Jrnmunltn`nltn Jrnmunltn`nltn sn hsnvnrh mil jflns pibàtfmis qun qun thb i muhb snrvfmfi tfnlnl "mionrturh" gn 51% h 811% mil bi muhb sýbi sn nstè gfmfnlgi qun ehy ul snrvfmfi knikrèjfmh`nltn knikrèjfmh`nltn hmmnsfobn. hmmnsfobn. Mi`i bi qun fltnrnsh ns ns bh utfbfzhmfýl rnhb gnb `fs`i, ul milmnpti `ès knlufli gn mionrturh gnonràh rnjnrfrsn h æsth utfbfzhmfýl y li h bh sf`pbn prnsnlmfh gn ul nsthobnmf`fnlti i snrvfmfi nl ul èrnh. Gn æstn `igi, bh h`pbfhmfýl gn bh mionrturh gn bis snrvfmfis gn shbug prnsnlth trns hspnmtis julgh`nlthbns3 hmmnsi gn bh piobhmfýl h bis snrvfmfis4 gfspilfofbfghg rnbhtfvh gn rnmursis y ul sfstn`h tæmlfmi y hg`flfstrhtfvi qun rnspilgh h bhs lnmnsfghgns y hspfrhmfilns gn bh piobhmfýl. (;) Nb priobn`h gn hmmnsi tfnln trns nbn`nltis prflmfphbns3   Bh nxfstnlmfh gn ulh ijnrth sistnlfgh y rnkubhr gn snrvfmfis prnsthgis mil ulh

i

mi`oflhmfýl gn rnmursis qun knikrèjfmh, nmilý`fmh, tn`pirhb y mubturhb`nltn nstæl hb hbmhlmn gn bhs mi`ulfghgns.   Nb hcustn muhltfthtfvi, muhbfthtfvi y nstrumturhb gn bis snrvfmfis, phrh h`ibghrbis h bh

i

f`pirthlmfh lu`ærfmh y h bh nstrumturh gn bh piobhmfýl y gn sus priobn`hs i lnmnsfghgns nl `htnrfh gn shbug.   Bh hmnpthmfýl gn bis snrvfmfis pir phrtn gn bhs mi`ulfghgns, nxprnshgh mi`i

i

utfbfzhmfýl rnhb y bh phrtfmfphmfýl gn æsths nl su gfsnøi y prnsthmfýl. Bis priobn`hs gn nsmhsnz rnbhtfvh y gn rnmursis pungnl h su vnz, hlhbfzhrsn tnlfnlgi nl munlth bh jir`h nl qun nb sfstn`h nstè irkhlfzhgi, su nstrumturh gn knstfýl y hg`flfstrhmfýl y bh mi`oflhmfýl tnmlibýkfmh gn bis rnmursis gfspilfobns qun nbnvn hb `èxf`i bh prigumtfvfghg y bh njnmtfvfghg. (;) Whlti bh àlgibn gn bis priobn`hs gn shbug mi`i bhs tæmlfmhs milimfghs phrh su htnlmfýl hg`ftnl gfstflths sibumfilns tæmlfmhs y hg`flfstrhtfvhs4 nl milsnmunlmfh, bis sfstn`hs gn prnsthmfýl gn snrvfmfis pungnl irkhlfzhrsn pir lfvnb gn htnlmfýl, vflmubhgis pir sfstn`hs gn nlvfý gn phmfnltns. phmfnltns. Nb iocntfvi knlnrhb ns bikrhr ulh prigumtfvfghg prigumtfvfghg ýptf`h gnltri gn bis bà`ftns hmnpthgis gn njfmfnlmfh y hmmnsi h bis gfjnrnltns lfvnbns pir phrtn gn bhs mi`ulfghgns. (;) Qhrh nb `hlnci gn bis rnmursis ns lnmnshrfi `hlnchr hbkulis milmnptis f`pirthltns phrh pignr iosnrvhr y mhbfjfmhr bis rnsubthgis iotnlfgis nstis milmnptis ns3 ?6

 

 

i

  Njfmfnlmfh, ns nb hprivnmeh`fnlti ýptf`i gnb rnmursi phrh iotnlnr nb `ncir

rnsubthgi3 pir Nc.3 `nlir misti pisfobn. i

  Njfmhmfh, ns bh `ngfgh nl qun sn mu`pbn bh `nth pripunsth i nb f`phmti gn ulh

hmmfýl4 pir Nc.3 njfmhmfh tnrhpæutfmh gn ul `ngfmh`nlti, `ngfgh pir murhmfýl i rngummfýl gn `unrtns. i

  Njnmtfvfghg, ns bh hgnmuhmfýl gn bhs `nths pripunsths y gn bis rnmursis utfbfzhgis

phrh rnsibvnr ul priobn`h ghgi, pir Nc.3 rngumfr bh `irthbfghg i bh `irofbfghg pir gfhrrnh `ngfhltn nb usi gn sunri irhb i vnlimbfsfs. i

  Nqufghg, nstn hspnmti rnsubth snr lunvi, y sn rnjfnrn h qun li ehmn gfstflmfýl gn

kælnri, rhzh y mbhsn simfhb, bh htnlmfýl ns phrh tigis pir fkuhb, `fs`hs ipirtulfghgns.

NJFMFNLMFH3 ^L IOCNWFZI I BIK_H_ _N]^BWHGI H @NLI_ MI]WI QI]FOBN

NX^FGHG3 FK^HBGHG GN IQI_W^LFGHGN] ]FL GF]WFLMFÝL GN KÆLN_I, N]W_HWI ]IMFHB,_NBFKFÝL..

NJFMHMFH3 MHQHMFGHG QH_H BBNKH_ H ^LH @NWH I _N]^BWHGI

MION_W^_H HMMN]I NJNMWFZFGHG3 HGNM^H_ BH] @NWH] V BI] _NM^_]I] GF]QILFOBN] QH_H _N]IBZN_ ^L Q_IOBN@H

Junltn3 Jfkurh nbhoirhgh siorn bh ohsn gnb Gissfnr gnb Gr. Cirkn Xufrikh

=.  Qrikrh`hs.Qrikrh`hs.- Mhrhmtnràstfmh  Mhrhmtnràstfmh f`pirthltn nl bh nstrhtnkfh gn HQ] Bis prikrh`hs gnltri bh HQ], gnonl snr nl bi pisfobn bis `ès mi`pbntis nl rnbhmfýl h bis krupis nthrfis nxfstnltns nl bh mi`ulfghg y prflmfphb`nltn nl rnbhmfýl h bhs lnmnsfghgns gn bh pripfh mi`ulfghg, y phrh nsti miltn`pbhrn`is bi sfkufnltn3 =1

 

i

  Gnonl nsthr gfrfkfgis h piobhmfilns nspnmfhbns3 `hgrn, lføi, trhohchgir, nghg

hvhlzhgh, pnrsilh mil gfsmhphmfghg. i

  ]nr prikrh`hs phrh bh shbug knlnrhb3 hbf`nlthmfýl y lutrfmfýl, shbug oumhb, shbug

`nlthb, prnvnlmfýl gn hmmfgnltns, shlnh`fnlti h`ofnlthb. i

  Gnonl snr Qrikrh`hs phrh bh prnvnlmfýl, pritnmmfýl y miltrib gn nljnr`nghgns,

rnehofbfthmfýl.   Gnonl khrhltfzhr nb hmmnsi gn tigh bh piobhmfýl h bis snrvfmfis gn shbug nsn nsnlmfhbns. lmfhbns.

i

Nsti f`pbfmh, nl bh rnhbfghg, nsthobnmnr prfirfghgns4 bh tfnlnl bis krupis rurhbns y urohlis `hrkflhgis, y gnltri gn nbbis bhs jh`fbfhs y bis trhohchgirns nxpunstis h `hyirns rfnskis.   Mil rnspnmti hb miltnlfgi gn bis prikrh`hs, gnonl hmnltuhrsn bhs hmtfvfghgns gn

i

pri`imfýl y prnvnlmfýl, mi`oflèlgibhs nl jir`h hgnmuhgh mil bhs gn trhth`fnlti y rnehofbfthmfýl. i

  Nltrn bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs gnonl jfkurhr bh ulfvnrshbfghg (tigh bh piobhmfýl gnon tnlnr

hmmnsi nl tigis bis snrvfmfis), bh nqufghg gn snrvfmfi (fkuhb ipirtulfghg gn hmmnsi

nl tigis bis lfvnbns) y bh miltflufghg (li gnonl snr nspirègfmis, mi`i bis snrvfmfis `ývfbns).   Gnofgi h bis mh`ofis gn mhrèmtnr nmilý`fmi, simfhb y gn`ikrèjfmi qun punghl

i

imurrfr, milvfnln ehmnr ul hlèbfsfs y ulh nbnmmfýl mufghgish gn bis pisfobns nbn`nltis gnb prikrh`h qun sn lnmnsfthl phrh shtfsjhmnr lnmn lnmnsfghgns sfghgns prfirfthrfhs, mi`i sil bhs gn shbug `htnrli-fljhltfb, fl`ulfzhmfýl, bumeh miltrh bhs nljnr`nghgns gfhrrnfmhs, nljnr`nghgns rnspfrhtirfhs hkughs, phrhsftisfs y nljnr`nghgns trhls`ftfghs pir milthmti snxuhb, shbug `nlthb, nljnr`nghgns mhrgfivhsmubhrns y itrhs gn tfpi mrýlfmi, mrýlfmi, shbug imuphmfilhb, nt ntm. m. Bh hbf`nlthmfýl y lutrfmfýl, nb hohstnmf`fnlti gn hkuh y bis snrvfmfis gn shlnh`fnlti oèsfmi sn milsfgnrhl rnqufsftis julgh`nlthbns phrh bh pritnmmfýl gn bh shbug, y sn mbhsfjfmhl mi`i hmtfvfghgns fltnrsnmtirfhbns y gn phrtfmfphmfýl gn bh mi`ulfghg.   Hphrtn gn bh nstrumturh prikrh`ètfmh qun mirrnspilgn h mhgh mhsi phrtfmubhr, ehy

i

qun gnsthmhr bh lnmnsfghg gn gnshrribbhrbis gfstfltis prikrh`hs gn `hlnrh qun bhs htnlmfilns prfirfthrfhs, bhs lir`hs, bhs tnmlibikàhs, tnmlibikàhs, bis rnmursis y nb tfpi gn snrvfmfi gn mhgh nbn`nlti milstftutfvi hr`ilfmn y sn rnjunrmnl `utuh`nltn nl bukhr gn

=8

 

mi`phrtfr nltrn sà pir bh iotnlmfýl gn rnmursis nsmhsis (bh rnhbfghg nstè tighvàh `uy bncis gn æstn fgnhb). 7.- Qhrtfmfphmfýl Mi`ulfthrfh.-  Mi`ulfthrfh.-  Bh nstrhtnkfh gn Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug miorh ul sfklfjfmhgi nspnmfhb muhlgi sn nxh`flhl bhs rnbhmfilns nltrn bh mi`ulfghg y bh flstftumfýl prnsthgirh gn nstis nstis snrvfmfis. Nb mh`ofi julgh`nlthb julgh`nlthb f`pbàmfti nl H.Q.]. ns qun bh mi`ulfghg y bis flgfvfguis gnchl gn snr iocnti gn htnlmfýl y sn milvfnrtnl nl sucntis hmtfvis qun milimnl, phrtfmfphl y ti`hl gnmfsfilns siorn su pripfh shbug, y hsu`nl rnspilshofbfghgnss nspnmàjfmhs hltn nbbh. rnspilshofbfghgn nbbh. Bis jhmtirns fgnibýkfmis, fgnibýkfmis, pibàtfmis, simfhbns simfhbns y mubturhbns fljbufrèl nl æstn primnsi, y milgfmfilhrèl bh mbhrfghg mil qun sn vnhl bhs rnbhmfilns nltrn bh shbug y itris hspnmtis gn bh vfgh gn bh mi`ulfghg. Bhs hmtfvfghgns gnb snmtir shbug sn fltnkrhrèl nl ul nljiqun vnrghgnrh`nltn fltnrsnmtirfhb fltnrsnmtirfhb nl bh `ngfgh nl qun bh mi`ulfghg phrtfmfpn gn `hlnrh njnmtfvh nl tigis bis hspnmtis gn su su pripfi gnshrribbi. Miljir`n sn gnshrribbn bh nstrhtnkfh snrè pisfobn nltnlgnr `ncir bhs rnstrfmmfilns qun bf`fthl bh njnmtfvfghg y njfmfnlmfh nl bh prnsthmfýl gn bis snrvfmfis, mil nb jfl gn hpbfmhr bhs `igfjfmhmfilnss mirrnspilgfnltns. `igfjfmhmfiln mirrnspilgfnltns. Bhs `ighbfghgns y bh irkhlfzhmfýl gn bis snrvfmfis cunkhl ul phpnb f`pirthltn nl rnbhmfýl mil bis phtrilns gn utfbfzhmfýl gn bis `fs`is pir bh mi`ulfghg, nspnmfhb`nltn h lfvnb gn bis krupis gn piobhmfýl piobhmfýl `ès vublnrhobns. vublnrhobns. Nl æstn snltfgi gnsthmhl gnsthmhl hspnmtis thbns mi`i mi`i bimhbfzhmfýl knikrèjfmh gn bis nsthobnmf`fnltis, nsthobnmf`fnltis, eirhrfis gn snrvfmfi, tnmlibikàhs utfbfzhghs y mi`pisfmfýl `fs`h gn bhs prnsthmfilns nl rnbhmfýl mil bhs lnmnsfghgns rnhbns gn bh piobhmfýl. Ns lnmnshrfi milsfgnrhr lunvis nljiquns phrh bh prnsthmfýl gn bis snrvfmfis nl muhlti h bhs bh s hmtfvfghgns gnltri gn bis nsthobnmf`fnltis nsthobnmf`fnltis gn shbug y bh mi`ulfghg.

Qhrh nbbi, bhs bhs

pisfofbfghgns gn gfspnlshr htnlmfýl nl gi`fmfbfis, nsmunbhs y sftfis gn trhohci, culti mil bhs mirrnspilgfnltnss hmtfvfghgns ngumhtfvhs, gnonl nvhbuhrsn mufghgish- `nltn gnsgn nb pulti mirrnspilgfnltn gn vfsth gn su miltrfoumfýl rnhb h bh h`pbfhmfýl gn bh mionrturh gn bis snrvfmfis y h bh `hyir phrtfmfphmfýl gn bh mi`ulfghg nl nb gnshrribbi kbiohb gn bh shbug, flmbufgi nb primnsi gn bh pbhlfjfmhmfýl. Qir itrh phrtn, bh vflmubhmfýl vflmubhmfýl gn krupis yh irkhlfzhgis mi`i sflgfmhtis, sflgfmhtis, mi`ftæs gn vnmflis, hsimfhmfilns gn gnshrribbi, miipnrhtfvhs, ntm., h bhs hmtfvfghgns gn shbug =?

 

pungn snr `ès pisftfvh qun bh pri`imfýl gn lunvis krupis mil jflns nxmbusfvis rnbhmfilhgis mil bhs hmmfilns gn shbug. (;) >.- Miirgflhmfýl y _nkfilhbfzhmfýl.-  _nkfilhbfzhmfýl.-  Nl knlnrhb, knlnrhb, bis krupis n flstftumfilns phrtfmfphltns nl bh prnsthmfýl gn snrvfmfis gn shbug gnonl miirgflhr sus hmtfvfghgns gnltri gn ul sfstn`h irkèlfmi y julmfilhb. Nstn krupi hohrmh bis snrvfmfis irkhlfzhgis irkhlfzhgis eirfzilthb`nltn eirfzilthb`nltn (flstftumfilns qun rnsthl snrvfmfis prf`hrfis, snmulghrfis y tnrmfhrfis h bh piobhmfýl gn ulh zilh ghgh4 pir Nc.3 ul gfstrfti i privflmfh), y vnrtfmhb`nltn (irkhlfzhmfilns miirgflhghs gn ul lfvnb h itri4 pir Nc.3 phàs, rnkfýl, bimhbfghg), y pir bi thlti, mhphmns gn mu`pbfr ulh julmfýl mbhrh nl bh sibumfýl gn priobn`hs, mi`i bh bumeh miltrh bhs nljnr`nghgns trhls`fsfobns i bh prnsthmfýl gn snrvfmfis knrfètrfmis. Muhlgi bh hsfstnlmfh `ægfmh nstè fltnkrhgh, bis snrvfmfis sunbnl nsthr gnsmnltrhbfzhgis. gnsmnltrhbfzhgis. Nsti qufnrn nsthobnmnr `nmhlfs`is hg`flfstrhtfvis y tæmlfmis phrh hr`hr, gfrfkfr y miltribhr bh rng gn flsthbhmfilns nl ulh zilh ghgh, y phrh jfchr nb hbmhlmn y bh vhrfnghg gn bhs hmtfvfghgns qun mirrnspilgnrèl mirrnspilgnrèl h mhgh snrvfmfi. H thb njnmti, ehy qun gfvnrsfjfmhr bhs hmtfvfghgns qun sn gnshrribbhl nl prf`nrh bàlnh y, hgn`ès milmnltrhr bis snrvfmfis `ès nspnmfhbfzhgis. Qhrh priynmthr y pilnr nl prèmtfmh bh nstrumturh irkèlfmh prnmfshgh prnmfshgh sn lnmnsfth pbhlns qun hohrqunl tigh ulh zilh, zilh, mil mhrèmtnr mnltrhb, rnkfilh rnkfilhbb i fltnr`ngfi. Whbns pbhlns trhthrèl gn ehmnr jèmfb`nltn hmmnsfobns bis snrvfmfis oèsfmis y gn milmnltrhr mfnrtis snrvfmfis nspnmfhbfzhgis nl jir`h qun pnr`fth nb hprivnmeh`fnlti ýptf`i gn bis rnmursis gnb phàs y nb `ncirh`fnlti gn bh shbug nl bh piobhmfýl nl ul pnràigi ghgi. ghg i. Nl æstn snltfgi ns lnmnshrfi vibvnr h nxh`flhr bi qun sfklfjfmh bh rnkfilhbfzhmfýl gn bis snrvfmfis mi`i `nmhlfs`i hg`flfstrhtfvi. Bh njnmtfvh rnkfilhbfzhmfýl rnkfilhbfzhmfýl phrnmn snr snr ulh ounlh hbtnrlhtfvh phrh bikrhr ulh `ncir fgnltfjfmhmfýl gn bis krupis eu`hlis y bhs prfirfghgns qun gnonl snr htnlgfghs. Hól muhlgi sfn`prn snrè lnmnshrfi milthr mil mrftnrfis y irfnlthmfilns n`hlhghs gnb lfvnb lhmfilhb, mirrnspilgn hb lfvnb rnkfilhb y, hól `ès h bis ýrkhlis prnsthgirns gn bh htnlmfýl h lfvnb bimhb bh fltnrprnthmfýl gn bhs irfnlthmfilns knlnrhbns nl julmfýl gn bh rnhbfghg gn bhs mi`ulfghgns gnltri gn su èrnh gn rnspilshofbfghg. (;) Hpbfmhr bh rnkfilhbfzhmfýl julmfilhb milbbnvh, pir bi thlti, bh pisfofbfghg gn gntnmthr nb rhlki gn bhs lnmnsfghgns lnmnsfghgns nl bh piobhmfýl trfouthrfh gn bis snrvfmfis snrvfmfis gn irkhlfzhr bis rnmursis mil ==

 

nb jfl gn rnspilgnr h nshs lnmnsfghgns gnltri gn bhs bf`fthmfilns flenrnltns h bh gfspilfofbfghg gn gn bis `fs`is. H lfvnb gn snrvfmfis æstis æstis sn trhgumnl nl bh lnmnsfghg lnmnsfghg gn gnshrribbhr `nmhlfs`is qun hsnkurnl bh oósqungh, gntnmmfýl y li sibh`nltn bh htnlmfýl phsfvh gn bh gn`hlgh nspiltèlnh gn snrvfmfis. Imurrn mil jrnmunlmfh qun, ghgh bh `ubtfpbfmfghg gn hknlmfhs, flstftumfilns y hól prikrh`hs gnltri gn ulh `fs`h hknlmfh, li sfn`prn ns pisfobn mi`phtfofbfzhr bis iocntfvis y prfirfghgns gn mhgh mhgh rnkfýl phrtfmubhr mil bis gnb lfvnb flstftum flstftumfilhb. filhb. Gn heà bh lnmnsfghg lnmnsfghg gn hlhbfzhr nl milculti bhs mionrturhs, nl muhlti h mhltfghg y tfpi gn prnsthmfilns gn bhs gfvnrshs flstftumfilns, nl ul miltnxti rnkfilhb. Bh prikrh`hmfýl fltnrflstftumfilhb gn bh mionrturh phrnmn snr ul phsi iobfkhtirfi phrh ehmnr njnmtfvh nl bh rnkfilhbfzhmfýl julmfilhb. Gnsgn itri pulti gn vfsth, bhs hmtfvfghgns gn tigis bis prikrh`hs pungnl snr hlhbfzhghs phrh gntnr`flhr bh hrtfmubhmfýl i mi`oflhmfýl gn hqunbbis qun sn hpiynl `utuh`nltn y qun jhmfbftnl bh nltrnkh gn prnsthmfilns qun hthqunl h thqunl vhrfis hspnmtis gn bh priobn`ètfmh gn shbug gn bis flgfvfguis flgfvfguis i jh`fbfhs `ès vublnrhobns. vublnrhobns. Bh pisfofbfghg gn gnshrribbhr gnshrribbhr milcultis prikrh`ètfmis nl bis qun sn mi`oflnl bhs hmtfvfghgns gn pri`imfýl mil bhs gn rnsthurhmfýl y rnehofbfthmfýl gnon tnlnr ul njnmti jhvirhobn siorn bis primnsis gn hg`flfstrhmfýl y hpiyi bikàstfmi. (;) :.- Hu`nlti gn bh mhphmfghg ipnrhtfvh gnb sfstn`h sfstn`h y gn bis snrvfmfis gn shbug.-  shbug.-  Bis nsthgis `fn`oris gn bh Irkhlfzhmfýl @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug (I.@.].) nstf`hl, nl knlnrhb, qun phrh `ncirhr bis sfstn`hs lhmfilhbns gn htnlmfýl gn bh shbug gnonl rnjir`hrsn bh knstfýl hg`flfstrhtfvh gn bis snrvfmfis. snrvfmfis. Bh flqufntug nl tirli hb hspnmti hspnmti gn "krhl sfstn`h" ns uli gn bis jhmtirns qun nxpbfmh bh tnlgnlmfh h nxh`flhr bis `ætigis gn knstfýl qun sn ushl nl itris snmtirns snmtirns phrh ehmnr jrnltn jrnltn h sftuhmfilns gn phrnmfgh phrnmfgh mi`pbncfghg. mi`pbncfghg. Nltrn nstis `ætigis jfkurhl nb nljiqun sfstn`ètfmi gn bh flvnstfkhmfýl ipnrhtfvh4 bis sfstn`hs gn fljir`hmfýl siorn knstfýl hg`flfstrhtfvh4 bhs tæmlfmhs gn hpbfmhmfýl gn mrftnrfis irkèlfmis4 y gn mi`pirth`fnlti hltn bh mi`ulfmhmfýl, bh snbnmmfýl gn pnrsilhb, bh jir`hmfýl y `itfvhmfýl, bh hghpthmfýl hb mh`ofi, nb milmnpti gn trhohci nl nqufpi, bh pbhlfjfmhmfýl flstftumfilhb y itris. ]fl n`ohrki, bh sf`pbn hpbfmhmfýl gn tæmlfmhs `ignrlhs gn hg`flfstrhmfýl rhrh vnz bikrh rnsibvnr bis priobn`hs gn irkhlfzhmfýl y prnsthmfýl gn snrvfmfis gn shbug sf li sn supnrhl hbkulhs rnstrfmmfilns gn mhrèmtnr nstrumturhb, nltrn bhs muhbns gnsthmhl bhs sfkufnltns3 =7

 

h) @nciràh gn bh rnbhmfýl nltrn nltrn njfmhmfh y njfmfnlmfh. njfmfnlmfh. Bh njfmhmfh gn ulh sibumfýl sn `fgn pir su mhphmfghg phrh rnsibvnr ulh lnmnsfghg4 bh njfmfnlmfh, nstè ghgh pir nb `èxf`i rnlgf`fnlti gn bis rnmursis n`pbnhgis, ns gnmfr, nb `nlir misti simfhb phrh gfspilnr gn sibumfilns njfmhmns y njfmfnltns ns lnmnshrfi supnrhr ulh snrfn gn rnstrfmmfilns qun h tàtubi gn rnmunrgi, sil nltrn itrhs3 i trhs3 - Bh `ubtfpbfmhmfýl y gupbfmhmfýl gn fl flstftumfilns stftumfilns i hknlmfhs y bhs gfjfmubth gfjfmubthgns gns nl su miirgflhmfýl4 - Bh jhbth gn mirrnspilgnlmfh nltrn bis tfpis gn priobn` priobn`hs hs y bh irkhlfzhmfýl gn bhs flstftumfilns4 - Bh flhgnmuhgh flhgnmuhgh gfstrfoumfýl y hghpthmfýl hghpthmfýl gn bis rnmursis rnmursis jàsfmis y eu`hlis h bhs bhs julmfilns qun gnonl mu`pbfr4 - Nb n`pbni gn tnmlibikàhs tnmlibikàhs flhpripfhghs nl bh sibumfýl sibumfýl gn priobn`hs4 - Nl hbkulis mhsis, bh flmienrnlmfh i jhbth gn milvnrknlmfh, i gn mi`pbn`nlthrfnghg mi`pbn`nlthrfnghg nl bis primnsis gn ti`h gn gnmfsfilns, pibàtfmhs, tæmlfmhs y hg`flfstrhtfvhs4 - Bh utfbfzhmfýl gn lir`hs y primngf`fnltis primngf`fnltis flmilsfstnltns mil mil bh rnhbfghg simfhb y mubturhb4 - Bh flhgnmuhgh flhgnmuhgh supnrvfsfýl gn bis sfstn`hs4 - Bh jhbth i flhgnmuhgh flhgnmuhgh mi`ulfmhmfýl mi`ulfmhmfýl nltrn nltrn bis lfvnbns bimhbns, rnkfilhbns y gnb gnb kiofnrli mnltrhb. o) Gnjflfmfýl gn bis Lfvnbns Lfvnbns gn Htnlmfýl. Nl Nl ul mi`fnlzi æstn milmnpti milmnpti gnsmrfoàh ólfmh`nltn, bh nstrumturh gn bis snrvfmfis ohsèlgisn nl bh mi`pbncfghg rnbhtfvh gn sus phrtns. Qir bi thlti nsthoh hsimfhgi mil bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs gnb pnrsil pnrsilhb, hb, gn bhs ulfghgns ipnrhtfvhs i nsthobnmf`fnltis gn shbug y gn bhs `ighbfghgns hg`flfstrhtfvhs gn bh prnsthmfýl gn snrvfm snrvfmfis. fis. Nl bh hmtuhbfghg, bh hpbfmhmfýl hpbfmhmfýl gnb milmnpti gn lfvnbns tfnln ulh millithmfýl julmfilhb qun ti`h nl munlth bh pnrspnmtfvh gn bh mi`ulfghg y gn sus lnmnsfghgns y rnmursis. Bh limfýl gn lfvnbns sn fgnltfjfmh, nltilmns, mil bhs gfvnrshs flsthlmfhs i pbhlis tnmlibýkfmis gn rnsibumfýl rnsibumfýl gn bis priobn`hs gn gn shbug. Wigis, nl milculti, =>

 

miljir`hl ulh ijnrth fltnkrhb gn snrvfmfis gfsnøhgis phrh khrhltfzhr bh hmmnsfofbfghg y bh miltflufghg gn bh Htnlmfýl Htnlmfýl nl ]hbug. Nb gfsnøi gn prikrh`hs rnqufnrn, nl prf`nr tær`fli, gnjflfr bh irkhlfzhmfýl knlnrhb gnb sfstn`h, bis gfjnrnltns tfpis gn snrvfmfis y bis rnmursis qun snrèl snrèl utfbfzhgis. Gnsgn nb pulti gn vfsth gnb gnshrribbi gn bis rnmursis eu`hlis, fltnrnsh gnsthmhr bh lnmnsfghg gn mhphmfthrbis nl nb gi`flfi gn bis priobn`hs qun pbhltnh bh gnjflfmfýl gnjflfmfýl gn bhs hmmfilns prfirfthrfh prfirfthrfhs. s. Ehy qun bikrhr ul hgnmuhgi ohbhlmn nltrn knlnrhbfsths y nspnmfhbfsths, bh flmirpirhmfýl gn trhohchgirns oèsfmis nl shbug y nb jirthbnmf`fnlti gn bis sfstn`hs gn supnrvfsfýl mi`i julmfýl gn hsnsirh`fnlti y mhphmfthmfýl mhphmfthmfýl miltfluh. (;) m.- Jirthbnmf`fnlti gn bhs ulfghgns pnrfjærfmhs gn bh rng gn snrvfmfis. Ghghs bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs mhrhmtnràstfm hs gn bh nstrhtnkfh gn htnlmfýl prf`hrfh, ns nb hmmnsi gn lunvis krupis gn piobhmfýl piobhmfýl hb sfstn`h gn snrvfmfis, sn pbhl pbhltnh tnh bh lnmnsfghg lnmnsfghg gn flmrn`nlthr flmrn`nlthr bh mhphmfghg gn hlèbfsfs gn priobn`hs, prikrh`hmfýl gn hmtfvfghgns y ncnmumfýl gn pbhlns h lfvnb gn bhs ulfghgns gnb sfstn`h qun julmfilhl bimhb`nltn nl àltf`i milthmti mil bhs mi`ulfghgns y nb krupi iocntfvi. Gnsgn nb pulti gn vfsth sn milsfgnrh f`pirthltn nb gnshrribbi gn bis sfkufnltns hspnmtis prflmfphbns3   Bh gnjflfmfýl gnb è`ofti gn rnspilshofbfghg gn bhs flstftumfilns mil

i

rnspnmti h bh sibumfýl gn bis priobn`hs nl su èrnh gn fljbunlmfh4   Bh fltnkrhmfýl hb sfstn`h gn fljir`hmfýl siorn shbug, nl bhs piobhmfilns

i

htnlgfghs, hspnmtis hspnmtis gnb gnshrribbi nmilý`fmi nmilý`fmi y simfhb4   Bh h`irtfzhmfýl gn lir`hs, rnmursis y primngf`fnltis nltrn gfstfltis

i

prikrh`hs y èrnhs prfirfthrfhs.   Bh f`pbhlthmfýl gn primnsis gn ngumhmfýl miltfluh phrh sibumfilhr bis

i

priobn`hs snøhbhgis nl bhs èrnhs prfirfthrfhs4   Bh flmirpirhmfýl gn bh flvnstfkhmfýl mi`i julmfýl fltnkrhltn gn bh hmtfvfghg

i

gn bis snrvfmfis. ;.- ]nbnmmfýl gn tnmlibikàhs tnmlibikàhs nl ]hbug ]hbug y Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh.- Bis Qrf`hrfh.- Bis phàsns Bhtflih`nrfmhlis, `ès qun lulmh, lnmnsfthl gn tnmlibikàhs hgnmuhghs h sus milgfmfilns y rnmursis. Bis `ætigis y tnmlibikàhs gnonl snr prèmtfmis, mfnltàjfmh`nltn julghgis y simfhb`nltn hmnpthobns. Bh `hlnrh `ès njfmhz gn bikrhr qun bh tnmlibikàh tnlkh ulh ohsn hpripfhgh =:

 

milsfstn nl ti`hr nb priobn`h mi`i pulti gn phrtfgh y bunki ousmh ousmhrr i mrnhr, gn snr prnmfsi ulh tnmlibikàh qun mirrnspilgh h bh sftuhmfýl y bis rnmursis bimhbns. (8) Bh nxpnrfnlmfh iotnlfgh gurhltn bh gæmhgh gn bis snsnlth `istrý qun bh hpbfmhmfýl gnb hvhlmn tnmlibýkfmi tnmlibýkfmi li knlnrý nl bh `hyiràh gn bis mhsis, bis onlnjfmfis iosn iosnrvhgis rvhgis nl bis phàsns flgustrfhbfzhgis, nl muyi miltnxti sn gnshrribbý. _nsubtý nvfgnltn qun bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs gn bis sfstn`hs gn shbug gn bh rnkfýl prnsnlthohl jhmtirns pnmubfhrns qun ehmàhl flhgnmuhgis `umeis gn bis hvhlmns tnmlibýkfmis. Bh bbh`hgh trhlsjnrnlmfh tnmlibýkfmh eh sfgi nb `nmhlfs`i `ès knlnrhbfzhgi gn flmirpirhmfýl gnb gnshrribbi tnmlibýkfmi nl bh rnkfýl. Nl bh prèmtfmh milsfstfý nl bh hmnpthmfýl hmnpthmfýl gn prnsfilns y `ignbis nxtnrlis y hgqufsfmfýl `hsfvh, h krhlnb n flgfsmrf`flhgh gn tnmlibikàh `ès qun gn milimf`fnlti, flgnpnlgfnltn`nltn gn sus pisfofbfghgns rnhbns gn usi, hghpthmfýl, njfmfnlmfh y njfmhmfh. (;) Bh nxtnlsfýl gn bh mionrturh gn sus snrvfmfis gn shbug rnqufnrn tnmlibikàhs hpripfhghs hpripfhghs qun, nltrn itrhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs, mhrhmtnràstfmhs, snhl njfmhmns, njfmhmns, njfmfnltns njfmfnltns y vfhobns. Nb fljir`n jflhb gn bh FZ _nulfýl Nspnmfhb gn @flfstris gn ]hbug gn bhs H`ærfmhs (8.6;;) gfmn hb rnspnmti3 "]f ofnl nsths mhrhmtnràstfmhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs gnonl tnlnrsn nl nl

munlth hb ehmnr ehmnr bh snbnmmfýl snbnmmfýl gn tnmlibikàhs, tnmlibikàhs,

hgqufnrnl sfklfjfmhgi nspnmfhb nspnmfhb nl nb snmtir shbug muhlgi sn pnrsfkun nb iocntfvi gn privnnr mfnrth mhltfghg gn snrvfmfis i krhlgns `hshs gn piobhmfýl bhs muhbns gn irgflhrfis sil gn gfjàmfb hmmnsi. hmmnsi. Nl bh `hyiràh gn bis mhsis sn rnqufnrn rnqufnrn ul flmrn`nlti milsfgn milsfgnrhobn rhobn gn bh mhphmfghg ipnrhtfvh gn bis sfstn`hs nl ul tfn`pi rnbhtfvh`nltn mirti y nl ul lunvi miltnxti. Qir nbbi, ul rnqufsfti rnqufsfti oèsfmi ns qun bhs tnmlibikàhs qun qun sn snbnmmfilnl snbnmmfilnl snhl hpripfhghs phrh hsnkurhr bh prigumtfvfghg `èxf`h gn bis nsmhsis rnmursis y ulh `ncir hsfklhmfýl gn æstis phrh prigumfr, mil bh njfmhmfh y bh fltnlsfghg lnmnshrfh, nb f`phmti gnsnhgi nl nl nb lfvnb gn gn shbug. Bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs gn vfhobns supiln su hgnmuhmfýl hgnmuhmfýl h gfjnrnltns miltnxtis simfinmilý`fmis y mubturhbns, hsà mi`i su hmnpthmfýl pir bis phrtfmfphltnss nl nb primnsi gn prikrh`hmfýl, irkhlfzhmfýl y prigummfýl gn snrvfmfis gn bis phrtfmfphltn sfstn`hs flstftumfilhbns y mi`ulfthrfis". (:) Nb milsnci ncnmutfvi gn bh I.@.]. (8.6;6) nl bh gnsmrfpmfýl gn bhs prflmfpfis oèsfmis y munstfilns nsnlmfhbns phrh bh jir`ubhmfýl gn nstrhtnkfhs mil nb jfl gn hbmhlzhr "]hbug phrh Wigis nl nb høi ?.111 flgfmh qun "hb milsfgnrhr bh tnmlibikàh shlfthrfh bh prnphrhmfýl gn nstrhtnkfhs gn jir`ubhmfýl gn prikrh`hs y nb pbhltnh`fnlti gn snrvfmfis nlmhrkhgis gn =;

 

ncnmuthr gfmeis prikrh`hs, bis kiofnrlis nstf`hrèl thb vnz ipirtuli nstugfhr bhs tnmlibikàhs nxfstnltns y snøhbhr bhs qun snhl hpripfhghs, n flgfmhr y pri`ivnr nb tfpi gn flvnstfkhmfilns rnqunrfghs phrh nsthobnmnr tnmlibikàhs qun vnlkhl h sustftufr h bhs qun rnsubtnl flhpripfhghs. Nl æsth bhoir, bhoir, bis kiofnrlis milsfgnrhl hmhsi ótfb jhvirnmnr bh phrtfmfphmfýl li sýbi gn bis gnphrth`nltis kuonrlh`nlthbns mi`pntnltns sfli th`ofæl gn bhs flstftumfilns li kuonrlh`nlthbns, thlti nl nb snmtir shlfthrfi mi`i nl itris snmtirns hsimfhgis h æb. Bh phrtfmfphmfýl phrtfmfphmfýl hgnmuhgh gn bh mi`ulfghg mi`ulfghg hyughrè h gntnr`flhr gntnr`flhr bh fgilnfghg gn bh tnmlibikàh. ]n trhth gn ul snmtir snmtir prflmfphb nl qun ns flgfspnlshobn bh miipnrhmfýl tæmlfmh tæmlfmh nltrn bis phàsns". (5) Nb fljir`n siorn bh shbug nl nb `ulgi ?115 , bh htnlmfýl prf`hrfh gn shbug `ès lnmnshrfh qun lumh rnshbth bh f`pirthlmfh gn tnlnr nl munlth qun bh nstrhtnkfh gn Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug li sfklfjfmh bh knlnrhmfýl gnb krhl vhbir gn bis hvhlmns tnmlibýkfmis `ignrlis nl nb mufghgi fltnkrhb gn bh shbug4 pir nb miltrhrfi, sukfnrn bh lnmnsfghg gn irkhlfzhr nb usi gn bh tnmlibikàh gn `hlnrh qun sus onlnjfmfis bbnkunl h tigh bh piobhmfýl y li qungn rnstrflkfgh h krupis gn jèmfb hmmnsi. (6)

Milmbusfilns Bh nstrhtnkfh gn Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh pbhltni ul gnshjài jir`fghobn h bh f`hkflhmfýl, mhphmfghg tæmlfmh y vibulthg gn snrvfmfi gn qufnlns tfnlnl h su mhrki bh irfnlthmfýl gn bis primnsis qun jflhb`nltn ehl gn milgumfr hb bikri gn lfvnbns `ès gfklis gn shbug y ofnlnsthr phrh ulh hbth pripirmfýl gn bh piobhmfýl gn bh rnkfýl gn bhs H`ærfmhs. Bh rnkfýl, nl su milculti, eh bikrhgi hvhlmns f`pirthltns nl nb gnshrribbi gnb hphrhti mfnltàjfmi y tnmlibýkfmi rnqunrfgi phrh bh sibumfýl gn ulh hbth pripirmfýl gn bis priobn`hs gn shbug qun hjnmthl hjnmthl h su piobhmfýl. Qir itrh phrtn gn bis phàsns munlth mil ul vibó vibó`nl `nl f`pirthltn gn rnmursis gn tigh àlgibn, bis muhbns, hól muhlgi nl vhrfis mhsis rnsubthl tighvàh flsujfmfnltns, pigràhl flmrn`nlthr su mhphmfghg gn rnspunsth jrnltn h bhs lnmnsfghgns y gn`hlghs gn bh piobhmfýl `ngfhltn ul primnsi gn hcustn y rnirkhlfzhmfýl qun `ncirn su utfbfzhmfýl y rnlgf`fnlti. Bhs fltnrrnbhmfilns nltrn nb mh`pi gn bh mfnlmfh y tnmlibikàh y nb gn fljrhnstrumturh gn shbug nstèl fl`nrshs nl nb miltnxti miltnxti mubturhb, simfhb, nmilý`fmi, nmilý`fmi, pibàtfmi n flstftumfilhb, nb muhb tfnln mhrhmtnràstfmhs pripfhs pripfhs nl mhgh phàs hulqun fljbufgis, gfrnmth`nltn pir milgfmfilns gn flnsthofbfghg rnbhmfilhghs mil bis mh`ofis gn`ikrèjfmis, bhs nxpnmthtfvhs gn bh piobhmfýl =5

 

y bh flmnrtfgu`orn nl muhlti h bh gfspilfofbfghg gn bis rnmursis nmilý`fmis lnmnshrfis phrh nb `hltnlf`fnlti y hvhlmn gn bis primnsis gn gnshrribbi. Nl milsnmunlmfh, bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug li pungn vnrsn nxmbusfvh`nltn mi`i nb gnshrribbi gn snrvfmfis oèsfmis gn shbug, sfli mi`i bh `ivfbfzhmfýl gn bis rnmursis gfspilfobns nl mhgh phàs phrh rnspilgnr h bhs lnmnsfghgns lnmnsfghgns gn tigh bh piobhmfýl, mil nspàrftu gn nqufghg y custfmfh custfmfh simfhb. Nl æstn primnsi surknl mi`i rnqunrf`fnltis prflmfphbns prflmfphbns bh hpnrturh gn bhs flstftumfilns ijfmfhbns ehmfh lunvhs jir`hs gn rnbhmfýl mil bh mi`ulfghg qun pnr`fthl nb rnmilimf`fnlti gn sus lnmnsfghgns rnhbns y bh vflmubhmfýl gn sus pitnlmfhbfghgns hb primnsi gn gnshrribbi, y bh hmmfýl milmnrthgh gn bis gfstfltis snmtirns mil nb jfl gn miltribhr bis jhmtirns gn àlgibn knlnrhb qun hjnmthl bis lfvnbns gn shbug y ofnlnsthr. Gn pimi snrvfrèl bhs gnjflfmfilns prhk`ètfmhs gn kiofnrlis y hknlmfhs mil rnspnmti h hmnpthr n f`pubshr bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug mi`i nstrhtnkfh julgh`nlthb, sf æstn hmunrgi li vh hmi`phøhgi gn gn phsis milmrntis phrh bh ncnmumfýl. Hsà pir Nc.3 sn lnmnsfth lnmnsfthl l thlti gnmfsfilns rnbhtfvhs h prfirfghgns nl nb gnshrribbi gn bh fljrhnstrumturh jàsfmh phrh bis snrvfmfis gn shbug mi`i nl bh pibàtfmh snmtirfhb jflhlmfnrh jflhlmfnrh y nl bh gn rnmursis eu`hlis, nltrn itris jhmtirns. Qrnmfsh`nltn, nl nb hspnmti gn rnmursis rnmursis eu`hlis phrh bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug rnmfon uli gn bis mi`pilnltns mi`pilnltns mràtfmis qun hsnkurhl bh trhlsfmfý trhlsfmfýl l gn bh rntýrfmh h bh rnhbfghg ncnmutfvh. Hb pripilnrsn f`pubshr bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug sn nstè f`pbhlthlgi thlti ulh lunvh jir`h gn irkhlfzhr rnmursis nxfstnltns i nl jir`hmfýl mi`i tigh ulh lunvh jfbisijàh gn bh shbug mi`ulfthrfh. Nsth óbtf`h iobfkh li sýbi h ul primnsi gn hcustn hg`flfstrhtfvi, sfli h ulh lunvh "fgnibikfzhmfýl" gn bis rnmursis eu`hlis qun fltnrvnlgrèl nl su ncnmumfýl, hgn`ès gn su prnphrhmfýl nl nl tæmlfmhs y primngf`fnltis primngf`fnltis nspnmàjfmis. Bis prijnsfilhbns gn shbug gnonrèl nsthr milvnlmfgis gn bis prflmfpfis suoyhmnltns h bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug, y nsthr prnphrhgis phrh privnnr snrvfmfis nsnlmfhbns mil tnmlibikàhs hpripfhghs. ]ýbi hsà pigrèl trhohchr hgnmuhgh`nltn mil vibulthrfis y huxfbfhrns gn lfvnbns jir`hbns gn ngumhmfýl `ès rnstrflkfgis, n`pbnhlgi n`pbnhlgi hgn`ès krhl phrtn gn gn su tfn`pi nl hyughr hyughr h ngumhr, pri`ivnr bh shbug y irkhlfzhr bh mi`ulfghg y mfrmulsmrfofrsn, thl sýbi h ul trhohci pibàtfmi i tæmlfmi nspnmàjfmi.

=6

 

Itri nbn`nlti mràtfmi phrh bh "rnmnptfvfghg" simfhb gn bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug, nl ul miltnxti nspnmàjfmi, ns milthr mil ul lfvnb gn julmfilhbfghg hgnmuhgi gn bis sfstn`hs hg`flfstrhtfvis gn hpiyi gfrnmth`nltn rnbhmfilhgi mil bis snrvfmfis oèsfmis gn ]hbug. ]fl privnnr mishs thl nsnlmfhbns mi`i nb su`flfstri gn `htnrfhbns y grikhs, trhlspirtn, mi`ulfmhmfilns, jflhlzhs, fljir`hmfýl bimhb y `hltnlf`fnlti li pungn khrhltfzhrsn ul lfvnb `àlf`i gn njfmhmfh y bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug prilti mhnrè nl nb gnsmrægfti. En`is fgi rnftnrhlgi bh f`pirthlmfh gnb trhohci nl nqufpi qun sn gnon gnshrribbhr nl bh HQ], y bi ehmn`is sfn`prn pir bhs vnlthchs gn trhohci qun nb `fs`i rnprnsnlth3 bh su`h gn gn hmtfvfghgns sil `hyirns y `ncirns, bhs tæmlfmhs pimi ushghs sn bhs pungnl f`pbn`nlthr, ehy ulh `hyir shtfsjhmmfýl, nb phmfnltn rnmfon ul `ncir trhth`fnlti, nb ulfvnrsi nstugfi qun ns phmfnltn phmfnltn mi`ulfghg rnsubth `nlis mi`pbnci gn flvnstfkhmfýl pirqun sil vhrfhs mfnlmfhs bhs qun fltnrvfnlnl nl su rnsibumfýl, y nsti pirqun bh HQ], tfnln gnltri sus hmtfvfghgns ul milculti gn prikrh`hs qun tfnlgnl h mu`pbfr nb iocntfvi trhzhgi. (81)

71

 

WNUWI HMW^HBFSHGI ]IO_N BH OH]N GNB WNUWI Q_NQH_HGI3 G_. @sm. CI_KN X^F_IKH ONBW_HL. ONBW_HL. GIMNLWN GQWI. @NGFMFLH ]IMFHB V JH@FBFH_ JHM. @NGFMFLH. ^@]]. MIMEHOH@OH ?1?1

Ofobfikrhjàh 8. ]hbug I@gb. Gnmbhrhmfýl gn Hb`h Hth. Hb`h Hth34 86;5. ?. ]hbug IQg. ]hbug phrh tigis nl nb høi ?111. [hseflktil3 I@]-IQ]4 865?. =. ]hbug I@gb. Gnmbhrhmfil gn ]ehlkhf siorn bh Qri`imfil gn bh ]hbug. ]ehlkehf3 ]nmrnthrfh gn bh I@]4 ?18:. 7. _ishs Qrfnti H, Lhrmfsi Shrhtn Z, Muoh Junltns ]. Htrfoutis gn bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug (H.Q.])3 ^lh vfsfýl gnsgn bh @ngfmflh Jh`fbfhr. Hmth `æg. pnruhlh. Hmth @ngfmh Qnruhlh. ?18= nlnri43 p. 7?-7;. >. Irkhlfzhmfil Qhlh`nrfmhlh gn bh ]hbug I@gb]. _nlivhmfýl gn bh Htnlmfýl Ht nlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug nl bhs H`nrfmhs [hseflktil4 ?11;. :. Drinknr, , Bulh,. HWNLMFÝL Q_F@H_FH3 Qhx @æxfmi,4 866?. ;. Hbourqunrqun J, Mirtæs. Gnshrribbi nmilý`fmi bimhb ygnsmnltrhbfzhmfýl nl H`ærfmh Bhtflh3Hlèbfsfs mi`phrhtfvi Mefbn4 ?118. 5. ]hbug I@gb. Jir`ubhmfýl gn nstrhtnkfhs mil nb jfl gn hbmhlzhr bh shbug phrh tigis nl nb hi ?111 3 prflmfpfis oèsfmis y munstfilns nsnlmfhbns, gimu`nlti gnb Milsnci Ncnmutfvi gn bh Irkhlfzhmf'il @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug4 86;6. 6. ]hbug I@gb. Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug , `hs lnmnshrfh qun lulmh Kflnorh4 ?115. 81. Xufrikh Onbtrhl C. _nmipfbhgi Mursi Ohsfmi ?18;- ^@]] @ngfmflh. ?18;..

78

 

NMIBIKÀH, @NGFI H@OFNLWN V ]HB^G ]HB^G IOCNWFZI] 8.  Fgnltfjfmhl bis milmnptis oèsfmis gn Nmibikàh, @ngfi H`ofnltn H `ofnltn y ]hbug. 

rn bhmfýl nltrn ehofth ehofthg g y lfmei nmibýkfmi.   ?.  _nmilimnl bh rnbhmfýl =.  _nmilimnl nb primnsi shbug  ”nljnr`nghg y nmibikàh  7.  @hlnchl bh tnr`flibikàh rnbhmfilhgh hb tn`h  

Fltrigummfýl Nl Nmibikàh y ]hbug sn nstugfhl bhs fltnrhmmfilns gn bis irkhlfs`is vfvis y su h`ofnltn, ns gnmfr bis nmisfstn`hs nl su rnbhmfýl ofibýkfmh, simfhb, bh jir`h nl qun bis nbn`nltis ofibýkfmis, jàsfmis, quà`fmis y simfhbns gnb nltirli gntnr`flhl bis primnsis vfthbns gnb snr eu`hli. ]n hoirgh nb primnsi shbug  ” nljnr`nghg gnsgn nb pulti gn vfsth `ubtfmhushb y mi`i primnsi simfhb n efstýrfmi gntnr`flhgi pir ul nltirli nmibýkfmi, bis `nmhlfs`is gn gnjnlsh gnb flgfvfgui y bis hknltns phtýknlis qun mhushl nljnr`nghg.  nljnr`nghg.  Ns lnmnshrfi shonr qun gurhltn bh gæmhgh gn bis høis :1 sn vfvfý

ul hjbirh`fnlti

gn bh milmfnlmfh h`ofnlthb y bh nxfstnlmfh gn ul gnrnmei hb `ngfi h`ofnltn shbughobn. y nl 86;1 gnb ?? gn horfb sn gh bh mnbnorhmfýl gnb prf`nr Gàh gn bh Wfnrrh nb muhb `hrmý nb flfmfi gn bh nxphlsfýl gn nsh n`nrknlt n`nrknltnn milmfnlmfh mibnmtfvh hb è`ofti fltnrlhmfilhb, mil bh irkhlfzhmfýl nnl l 86;? gn bh Miljnrnlmfh gn bhs Lhmfilns ^lfghs gnb @ngfi Eu`hli nl Nstimib`i. Nb Qrflmfpfi 8 gn bh Gnmbhrhmfýl rnsubthltn gn gfmeh Miljnrnlmfh sistnlàh3 ‒nb

rutn gn ei`orn tfnln nb gnrnmei julgh`nlthb h bh bfonrthg, bh fkuhbghg y nb gfsj rutn

milgfmfilns gn vfgh hgnmuhghs nl ul `ngfi gn mhbfghg thb qun bn pnr`fth bbnvhr ulh vfgh gfklh y kizhr gn ofnlnsthr, y tfnln bh sibn`ln iobfkhmfýl gn pritnknr y `ncirhr nb `ngfi phrh bhs knlnrhmfilns prnsnltns prnsnltns y juturhs‐. Nstn prflmfpfi supusi nb p rf`nr rnmilimf`fnlti

jir`hb gnb gnrnmei gn tigh pnrsilh hb gfsjrutn gn ul `ngfi h`ofnltn gn mhbfghg, shbughobn y bf`pfi, y gn su rnspilshofbfghg phrh mil nb `ngfi. (8) Nl 866? bh Hsh`obnh Knlnrhb gn bhs Lhmfilns ^lfghs milvimý bh Miljnrnlmfh gn bhs 7?

 

Lhmfilns ^lfghs siorn nb @ngfi H`ofnltn y nb Gnshrribbi (ML^@HG), milimfgh mi`i Mu`orn phrh bh Wfnrrh, sn mnbnorý nl _ài gn Chlnfri gnb = hb 87 gn culfi.  Gfmei nvnlti hprioý trns krhlgns hmunrgis  nb Qrikrh`h ?8, ul pbhl gn hmmfýl `ulgfhb phrh pri`ivnr nb gnshrribbi sistnlfobn4 bh Gnmbhrhmfýl gn _ài siorn nb @ngfi H`ofnltn y nb Gnshrribbi, ul milculti gn prflmfpfis nl bis qun sn gnjflàhl bis gnrnmeis mfvfbns y iobfkhmfilns gn bis Nsthgis, y ulh Gnmbhrhmfýl gn prflmfpfis rnbhtfvis h bis oisquns, snrfn gn gfrnmtrfmns gf rnmtrfmns phrh bh irgnlhmfýl `ès sistnlfobn gn bis oisquns nl nb `ulgi .  Nstis hmunrgis gntnr`flhl nb vàlmubi nltrn bh shbug y nb `ngfi h`ofnltn, yh qun sf bh knltn li gfsjruth gn ulh ounlh shbug, li sn pungn milsfgnrhr nb gnshrribbi sistnlfobn. (?) Nl Kflnorh ?: gn `hyi gn ?18; (IQ]/I@]) nl bh ;1³ Hsh`obnh @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug uli gn bis tn`hs hoirghgis, jun nb `ngfi h`ofnltn mi`h bh nrh gnb gnshrribbi sistnlfobn, nl bh qun sn gnjflfý mi`pri`fsis pibàtfmis phrh ti`hr hmmfilns rnspnmti h nstn tn` tn`h. h. Nl nstn nvnlti sn fljir`h qun 8?,: `fbbilns gn `unrtns hb høi sn gnonl h rfnskis h`ofnlthbns, gnlithl bh mrnmfnltn mhrkh gn nljnr`nghgns li trhls`fsfobns privimhghs, pir bh milth`flhmfýl gnb hfrn y bh urohlfzhmfýl, hsà mi`i bis rfnskis milsthltns qun rnprnsnlthl bhs nljnr`nghgns fljnmmfishs rnbhmfilhghs mil nb hkuh, nb shlnh`fnlti y bis vnmtirns y bis rfnskis n`nrknltns privimhgis pir nb mh`ofi mbf`ètfmi, pir bi qun miflmfgnl nl hmtuhr jrnltn h nstn priobn`h. (=) Nl snptfn`orn gnb ?18> nl _fi gn Chlnfri Orhsfb, sn bbnvý bb nvý h mhoi bh Mu`orn gn bhs Lhmfilns ^lfghs gn bh muhb sn tuvi mi`i rnsubthgi bis 8; iocntfvis gn gnshrribbi sistnlfobn gn bh hknlgh ?1=1, pilfælgisn mi`i `nth ul pbhzi gn 8> høis phrh nrrhgfmhr bh piornzh, pritnknr nb pbhlnth y hsnkurhr bh prispnrfghg phrh tighs bhs pnrsilhs. Bis lunvis iocntfvis flsthl h tigis bis phàsns, yh snhl rfmis, piorns i gn flkrnsis `ngfis, h hgipthr `ngfghs phrh pri`ivnr bh prispnrfghg hb tfn`pi qun pritnknr nb pbhlnth. Qbhltnh mi`i bh fltnkrhmfýl gn jir`h nqufbforhgh gn bhs trns gf`nlsfilns gnb gnshrribbi3 bi simfhb, bi nmilý`fmi y bi h`ofnlthb. Nl bh gf`nlsfýl h`ofnlthb, culti h ulh býkfmh milsnrvhmfilfsth gn pritnmmfýl gurhgnrh gnb pbhlnth y sus rnmursis lhturhbns, rnti`h bh gnjflfmfýl hltripimæltrfmh hltripimæltrfmh gn gnshrribbi sistnlfobn sistnlfobn gnb fljir`n Orulgtbhlg gn ‒shtfsjhmnr ‒shtfsjhmnr

bhs

lnmnsfghgns gnb

prnsnltn sfl mi`pri`ntnr bhs lnmnsfghgns gn bhs juturhs 7=

 

knlnrhmfilns‐. Bis gnshjàis gnb gnshrribbi sistnlfobn nstèl rnbhmfilhgis nltrn sà y pir thlti

rnqufnrnl sibumfilns fltnkrhghs h trhvæs gn ul lunvi nljiqun qun tnlkh nl munlth sf`ubtèlnh`nltn tighs bhs gf`nlsfilns. Nl nb prnè`oubi gn bh gnmbhrhmfýl sn nsthobnmnl bis nbn`nltis oèsfmis gn bh lunvh hknlgh hknlgh nl ulh jir`h sflt sfltætfmh ætfmh y jèmfb gn rnmirghr (> ‒Q‐

nl flkbæs3 Qni Qnipbn, pbn, Qbhlnt, Qrispnrfty, Qn Qnhmn hmn y Qhrtlnrsefp)3 (7) (8) Bhs pnrsilhs3 Qilnr jfl h bh piornz piornzhh y nb eh`orn nl tighs sus jir`hs y gf`nlsfilns, y vnbhr pir qun tigis bis snrns eu`hlis punghl rnhbfzhr su pitnlmfhb mil gfklfghg n fkuhbghg y nl ul `ngfi h`ofnltn shbughobn. Nb pbhlnth3 Qritnknr nnbb pbhlnth miltrh bh gnkrhghmfýl, flmbusi `ngfh `ngfhltn ltn nb milsu`i y bh prigummfýl sistnlfobns, bh knstfýl sistnlfobn gn sus rnmursis lhturhbns y `ngfghs urknltns phrh ehmnr jrnltn hb mh`ofi mbf`ètfmi, gn `hlnrh qun pungh shtfsjhmnr bhs lnmnsfghgns gn bhs knlnrhmfilns prnsnltns y juturhs. Bh prispnrfghg3 Znbhr pir qun tigis bis snrns eu`hlis punghl gfsjruthr gn ulh vfgh prýspnrh y pbnlh, y pir quæ nb prikrnsi nmilý`fmi, simfhb y tnmlibýkfmi sn priguzmh nl hr`ilàh mil bh lhturhbnzh. Bh phz3 Qripfmfhr simfnghgns phmàjfmhs, cusths n flmbusfvhs qun nstæl bforns gnb tn`ir y bh vfibnlmfh. Li pungn ehonr gnshrribbi sistnlfobn sfl phz, lf phz sfl gnshrribbi sistnlfobn. sistnlfobn.   Bhs hbfhlzhs3 @ivfbfzhr bis `ngfis lnmnshrfis phrh f`pbn`nlthr f `pbn`nlthr nsth Hknlgh `ngfhltn ulh Hbfhlzh @ulgfhb phrh nb Gnshrribbi ]istnlfobn rnvfthbfzhgh, qun sn ohsn nl ul nspàrftu gn `hyir sibfghrfghg `ulgfhb y sn mnltrn phrtfmubhr`nltn nl bhs lnmnsfghgns gn bis `ès piorns y vublnrhobns, mil bh mibhoirhmfýl gn tigis bis phàsns, tighs bhs phrtns fltnrnshghs y tighs bhs pnrsilhs. Nl Oibfvfh , gnphrth`nlti gn Mimehoh`oh nl horfb gnb ?181 n sn bbnvh h mhoi ‒Miljnrnlmfh @ulgfhb gn bis Qunobis siorn nb Mh`ofi Mbf`ètfmi y bis Gnrnmeis gn bh @hgrn Wfnrrh‐ nvnlti gnb qun surkn bh Gnmbhrhmfýl ^lfvnrshb gn bis Gnrnmeis gn

bh @hgrn Wfnrrh, Wfnrrh, qun hjfr`h qun3 ‒tigis si`is phrtn gn bh @hgrn Wfnrrh, ulh mi`ulfghg flgfvfsfobn vfthb gn snrns fltnrgnpnlgfnltns n fltnrrnbh mfilhgis mil ul gnstfli mi`ól‐ y qun ‒nl ulh mi`ulfghg gn vfgh fltnrgnpnlgfnltn li ns pisfobn rnmilimnr gnrnmeis sibh`nltn h bis snrns eu`hlis, sfl privimhr ul gnsnqufbforfi nl bh @hgrn Wfnrrh‐. Hsà `fs`i, sistfnln qun ‒phrh khrhltfzhr bis gnrnmeis eu`hlis ns lnmnshrfi rnmilimnr y gnjnlgnr bis gnrnmeis gn bh @hgrn Wfnrrh y

gn tigis bis snrns qun bh mi`pil nl‐. (8)

Bis gnrnmeis nspnmàjfmis qun sil rnmilimfgis phrh tigh bh @hgrn Wfnrrh y ‒tigis bis snrns

77

 

qun bh mi`pilnl‐ sil bis gnrnmeis h bh vfgh y h nxfstfr4 h snr rnspnthgh4 h bh rnknln rhmfýl

gn su ofimhphmfghg y h bh miltfluhmfýl gn sus mfmbis y primnsis vfthbns bforns b forns gn hbtnrhmfilns eu`hlhs4 h `hltnlnr su fgnltfghg n fltnkrfghg mi`i snrns gfjnrnlmfhgis, huti-rnkubhgis huti -rnkubhgis n fltnrrnbhmfilhgis4 hb hkuh4 hb hfrn bf`pfi4 h bh shbug fltnkrhb4 h nsthr bforn gn milth`flhmfýl, pibumfýl y gnsnmeis týxfmis i rhgfihmtfvis4 h li snr hbtnrhgh knlætfmh`nltn y `igfjfmhgh nl su nstrumturh4 y h ulh rnsthurhmfýl pbnlh y prilth. (8) Nl Oibfvfh `óbtfpbns irkhlfzhmfilns nltrn nbbhs bh Irkhlfzhmfýl gn bhs Lhmfilns ^lfghs, phrh nb gnshrribbi (QL^G), gnshrribbý priynmtis nl onlnjfmfi gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn, h trhvæs gnb priynmti gn Knstfýl gnb Milimf`fnlti nl Hghpthmfýl hb Mh`ofi Mbf`ètfmi y _ngummfýl gn Gnshstrns. Oibfvfh th`ofæl munlth munlth mil ulh Milstft Milstftumfýl umfýl pibàtfmh gn gnbb Nsthgi nl muyi hrtàmubi == rnmilimn nb mý`i gnrnmei gn Bhs pnrsilhs h milthr mil ul `ngf `ngfi i h`ofnltn shbugh shbughobn, obn, pritnkfgi y nqufbforhgi. Nb ncnrmfmfi gn nstn gnrnmei gnon pnr`ftfr h bis flgfvfguis y mibnmtfvfghgns gn bhs prnsnltns y juturhs knlnrhmfilns, hgn`ès gn itris snrns vfvis, gnshrribbhrsn gn `hlnrh lir`hb y pnr`hlnltn. (>) Nl nb è`ofti gn shbug ohci nb `ignbi gn ]hbug Jh`fbfhr Mi`ulfthrfh Fltnrmubturhb ousmh qun bis priobn`hs fgnltfjfmhgis fgnltfjfmhgis nl nl nb `ngfi h`ofnltn, h`ofnltn, lhturhbnzh i `hgrn tfnrrh snh trhthgi mi`i ul gntnr`flhltn nl shbug y muyh sibumfýl i `ftfkhmfýl `ftfkhmfýl rnqunrfrè bh fltnrvnlmfýl gn vhrfis snmtirns.

Wnlfnlgi mbhri bis hltnmngnltns rnbhmfilhgis hb @ngfi h`ofnltn y ]hbug h miltfluhmfýl hoirghrn`is nbn`nltis f`pirthltns gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn y su rnbhmfýl mil nb primnsi gn shbug ” nljnr`nghg. Gnshrribbi sustnlthobn, eiy sn ehobh gn gnshrribbi sustnlthobn, nltnlgfnlgi pir thb hb `ncirh`fnlti gn bh mhbfghg gn vfgh, mil gfspilfofbfghg gn ofnlns y snrvfmfis hb hbmhlmn gn tigis, gn `igi qun bh hmtfvfghg eu`hlh f`pbfmhgh phrh bh prigummfýl, li pilkhl nl rfnski h knlnrhmfilns juturhs nl nb usi gn bis rnmursis lhturhbns. lhturhbns.   Qign`is th`ofæl gnjflfrbh mi`i nb gnshrribbi qun shtfsjhmn bhs lnmnsfghgns gnb prnsnltn sfl mi`pri`ntnr bh mhphmfghg y bhs pisfofbfghgns gn bhs juturhs knlnrhmfilns phrh shtfsjhmnr shtfsjhmnr bhs suyhs, nsti bn ghràh bh mhrhmtnràstfmh gn snr gurhgnri phrh nsti ns f`pirthltn milsnrvhr 7>

 

nb `ngfi h`ofnltn y gn bis rnmursis lhturhbns nspnmàjfmh`nltn. Bh mhphmfghg gn sustnlti (i mhphmfghg gn mhrkh) hbugn h bh mhltfghg `èxf`h gn piobhmfýl qun pungn hbonrkhr ul tnrrftirfi sfl qun sn priguzmh gnkrhghmfýl gnb phtrf`ilfi lhturhb y qun pnr`fth sistnlnr gn `hlnrh pnr`hlnltn ul gntnr`flhgi lfvnb gn ofnlnsthr gn nsh piobhmfýl. Nsh mhphmfghg tfnln qun vnr mil bhs julmfilns qun tfnln phrh bh piobhmfýl nb tnrrftirfi4 nltrn nbbhs bh gn snr su hsfnlti lhturhb, su junltn gn `htnrfh y nlnrkàh phrh bh vfgh eu`hlh y su`fgnri gn tigis bis rnsfguis qun knlnrh bh hmtfvfghg gnb ei`orn. Qnri nsh rnbhmfýl (piobhmfýl/tnrrftirfi) gnpnlgn, th`ofæl, gn bis phtrilns pripfis gn prigummfýl y milsu`i4 bis qun nstèl gntnr`flhgis pir jhmtirns mubturhbns y nmilý`fmis. n milý`fmis. Nmibikàh,, ns nb nstugfi gn bh rnbhmfýl nltrn bis snrns vfvis y su h`ofnltn i gn bh gfstrfoumfýl Nmibikàh y houlghlmfh gn bis snrns vfvis y mý`i nshs pripfnghgns sil hjnmthghs pir bh fltnrhmmfýl nltrn bis irkhlfs`is irkhlfs`is y su h`o h`ofnltn. fnltn. Nb h`ofnltn fflmbuyn lmbuyn bhs pripfng pripfnghgns hgns jàsfmhs qun pungnl snr gnsmrfths mi`i bh su`h gn jhmtirns hofýtfmis bimhbns, mi`i mbf`h, knibikàh y bis gn`ès irkhlfs`is qun mi`phrtnl nsn eèoftht (jhmtirns ofýtfmis). Nb vimhobi nmibikàh vfnln gnb tær`fli Idibikfn qun jun fltrigumfgi nl 85:: pir nb prusfhli Nrlst Ehnmdnb4 nstè mi`punsti pir bhs phbhorhs krfnkhs ifdis (mhsh, vfvfnlgh, eikhr i eèoftht, nxprnshgi mil `hyir h`pbftug `ngfi h`ofnltn) y bikis (nstugfi i trhthgi), pir nbbi Nmibikàh sfklfjfmh "nb nstugfi gn bis eikhrns", ntf`ibýkfmh`nltn nb nstugfi gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn. Qungn milsfgnrhrsn nmibikàh eu`hlh bh qun nstugfh bhs rnbhmfilns nltrn bis snrns eu`hlis, su h`ofnltn y bis fltnrmh`ofis nlnrkætfmis mil itrhs nspnmfns vfvhs (pbhlths, hlf`hbns y gfjnrnltns krupis eu`hlis). Nmibikàh mubturhb, qun nstugfh bh hghpthmfýl gn bis krupis eu`hlis h bis rnmursis lhturhbns y h bh nxfstnlmfh gn itris milcultis eu`hlis y bh nmibikàh simfhb, qun milsfgnrh bh b h nstrumturh simfhb gn ul krupi eu`hli mi`i bh rnsubthltn gn bh tithbfghg gn rnbhmfilns mil nb h`ofnltn. (:) Nb nmisfstn`h, ns ul sfstn`h jir`hgi pir ulh mi`ulfghg lhturhb gn snrns vfvis. vfvi s. Ns gnmfr, nstè milstftufgi pir mi`pilnltns ofýtfmis (milculti gn snrns vfvis3 jbirh y jhulh) y pir mi`pilnltns hofýtfmis (su h`ofnltn jàsfmi). Nl nb mhsi gn sfstn`hs qun flmbuynl snrns eu`hlis sil, th`ofæl, milstftutfvhs bhs rnbhmfilns simfhbns. simfhbns.   7:

 

^lh gnjflfmfýl `ès nbhoirhgh snràh bh sfkufnltn3 rh`h gn bh ofibikàh qun nstugfh, bhs rnbhmfilns nxfstnltns nltrn bis irkhlfs`is vfvis, vnknthbns, hlf`hbns y nb `ngfi h`ofnltn, hlf`hgi i flhlf`hgi, nl nb qun bis `fs`is vfvnl. ^l milmnpti miltn`pirèlni gfràh qun ns nb nstugfi gn bh nstrumturh y bh julmfýl gn bis `ngfis h`ofnlthbns lhturhbns, nl bis qun bh eu`hlfghg y mhgh flgfvfgui phrtfmfphl. Li nxfstn nl bh lhturhbnzh snr vfvfnltn, hlf`hb i vnknthb, qun nstn mi`pbnth`nltn hfsbhgi gnb h`ofnltn qun bi rignh. rignh. Wigis rnmfonl bh fljbunlmfh gn bis jhmtirns li vfvis y gn bis snrns vfvis. Qhrh su nxfstnlmfh, nstis irkhlfs`is vfvis, iotfnlnl gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn h`ofnltn bhs `htnrfhs y bh nlnrkàh, y gnonl mi`phrtfr su `ulgi mfrmulghltn mil bis gn su `fs`h nspnmfn, y mil itrhs mi`i h`fkis i nln`fkis. Nb snr eu`hli, hb fkuhb qun muhbqufnr irkhlfs`i vfvi, sn nlmunltrh rignhgi gn tigh mbhsn gn snrns vfvfnltns y su supnrvfvnlmfh nstè milgfmfilhgh h bhs rnbhmfilns mil nbbis y mil nb `ngfi h`ofnltn. Hsà puns, nb ei`orn ns phrtn fltnkrhltn gnb sfstn`h nmibýkfmi, y gnb nstugfi gn gfmehs rnbhmfilns sn imuph bh Nmibikàh Eu`hlh, qun ns ulh rh`h gn bh nmibikàh qun nstugfh bhs fljbunlmfhs rnmàprimh qun sn ghl nltrn nb ei`orn y su `ngfi h`ofnltn jàsfmi, ofibýkfmi, simfhb y mubturhb, ns gnmfr, mi`i nb h`ofnltn hjnmth hb ei`orn y mi`i nb ei`orn hjnmth hb h`ofnltn. ]f hlhbfzh`is nb hbmhlmn gn bis tær`flis nmibikàh y nmibikàh eu`hlh, iosnrvh`is qun bh rnbhmfýl gnb ei`orn mil nb h`ofnltn ns gn `hyir h`pbftug y mi`pbncfghg qun bh `hltnlfgh pir itris snrns mil gfmei h`ofnltn, y qun nb `ngfi jàsfmi y ofibýkfmi nl nb qun sn gnsnlvunbvn tigi snr vfvi ns gn krhl fljbunlmfh phrh su suosfstnlmfh. Gnltri nb h` h`ofnltn ofnltn qun rignh hb ei`orn, æstn eh fltnlsfjfmhgi su h`ofnltn simfhb n fltrigumfgi nb mubturhb. Qir thlti, sn vn qun nb ei`orn ns nb irkhlfs`i vfvi qun ns mhphz gn `igfjfmhr `ès nb `ngfi h`ofnltn h jhvir i nl miltrh, y pir nsti rnmilimn`is nl nb `fs`i (`ngfi h`ofnltn) h sus mi`pilnltns gn lhturhbnzh jàsfmh mi`i nb sunbi, hkuh, mbf`h, buz, ixàknli, ntm., hsà mi`i th`ofæl bis gn lhturhbnzh ofibýkfmh mi`i snrns vfvis, vnknthbns y hlf`hbns `ès bis simfhbns y mubturhbns. Nl itrhs phbhorhs phbhorhs,, nb h`ofnltn flmbuyn tigis hqunbbis jhmtirns jhmtirns hltn bis muhbns 7;

 

nb snr vfvi rnhmmfilh i pungn rnhmmfilhr. Gnltri gn nstn h`ofnltn, bh ofýsjnrh ns bh phrtn gn bh tfnrrh gilgn nxfstn vfgh, nl bh `fs`h ns lnmnshrfi qun sn gnl hbkulis primnsis phrh nb `hltnlf`fnlti lir`hb gn su nstrumturh, bi muhb ns gntnr`flhgi pir bi qun milimn`is mi`i bis mfmbis vfthbns gn vfgh mi`i sil nb gnb mhroýl, gnb efgrýknli, gnb lftrýknli y gnb ixàknli, nl sus mi`pilnltns hkuh, ofýxfgi gn mhroili, shbns lftriknlhghs y mi`pilnltns gn bh gnsmi`pisfmfýl gn bis prigumtis. Nb ei`orn vfvn nl ul `ngfi h`ofnltn qun ns bh tfnrrh, pnri nb ei`orn tfnln su pripfi `ngfi h`ofnltn, ns gnmfr ns ul `ngfi h`ofnltn qun rnmfon gnb nxtnrfir bis nstà`ubis, bhs fljbunlmfhs y qun irkèlfmh y jfsfibýkfmh`nltn bhs primnsh phrh rnspilgnr ofnl (shbug) i rnspilgnr `hb (nljnr`nghg). Ns pir nsi qun gnon`is rnmirghr y/i milimnr bh tnr`flibikàh `ngfi h`ofnlthb `ès utfbfzhgh phrh fgnltfjfmhr nb primnsi ]hbug-Nljnr`nghg. ]hbug -Nljnr`nghg. (:)

Fljbunlmfh gnb h`ofnltn nl bh imurrnlmfh gn bh nljnr`nghg. (:) (;) Bhs mh`ofhltns milgfmfilns h`ofnlthbns, (jàsfmhs, ofibýkfmhs, simfhbns i mubturhbns), ehmnl vhrfhr bh mbhsn, tfpi, mi`pirth`fnlti n flmbusi bh snvnrfghg gn bh nljnr`nghg gn ul krupi simfhb i gn ul phàs h itri.  itri.  ]nkól nb `i`nlti efstýrfmi y gn gnshrribbi nl qun eh vfvfgi mhgh piobhmfýl, bh nljnr`nghg eh prnsnlthgi mhrhmtnràstfmhs pripfhs gntnr`flhghs li sibi pir bh fljbunlmfh gnb mbf`h, tn`pnrhturh, ntm, sfli pir bis eèoftis, mistu`orns, hgnbhltis tnmlibýkfmis, sftuhmfýl simfi nmilý`fmi, ntm. ]f nsths milgfmfilns h`ofnlthbns li sil `uy hgnmuhghs, mi`i imurrn nl bis phàsns nl vàhs gn gnshrribbi, bh `irofbfghg y `irthbfghg pir nljnr`nghgns fljnmmfishs, phrhsftisfs, tuonrmubisfs, phbugfs`i, gnslutrfmfýl, ntm., snrè hbth. hbth. Qnri sf gfmehs mil milgfmfilns gfmfilns `ncirhl h jhvir gnb ofnlnsthr gn bh piobhmfýl mi`i imurrn nl bis phàsns flgustrfhbfzhgis, nltilmns prngi`flhrhl itrhs nljnr`nghgns. Nsths óbtf`hs, qun ehl sfgi gnli`flhghs "nljnr`nghgns gn bh mfvfbfzhmfýl", mi`prnlgnl tighs hqunbbhs flmbufghs ehoftuhb`nltn nl nb krupi gn bhs gibnlmfhs mrýlfmhs y gnknlnrhtfvhs mi`i sil bhs mhrgfivhsmubhrns, gn bhs vàhs rnspfrhtirfhs, mèlmnr, ntm, y nl bh 75

 

hmtuhbfghg bhs gn milth`flhmfýl h`ofnlthb. H pnshr gn qun su ntfibikàh li nstè mi`pbnth`nltn gfbumfghgh, sn tfnln bh mrnnlmfh m rnnlmfh gn qun ul jhmtir `uy f`pirthltn, hulqun li nb ólfmi nl nb hbzh gn su flmfgnlmfh, ehl sfgi bhs `igfjfmhmfilns gnb h`ofnltn jàsfmi y simfi-mubturhb simfi-mubturhb nl gfmehs mibnmtfvfghgns. Ns nb mhsi gn bhs mi`ulfghgns flgustrfhbns, nl qun nb hfrn rnmfon bis milth`flhltns ht`isjærfmis primngnltns gn bh flgustrfh, nb hkuh, hkuh, bis gnsnmeis y gnspnrgfmfis. Hgn`ès, nxfstnl rfnskis y hknltns qun prigumnl nljnr`nghgns imuphmfilhbns, sn prigumnl mh`ofis nl bis eèoftis hbf`nltfmfis, trhstirlis n`imfilhbns y gn bh milgumth, hohlgili gn vfnchs mistu`orns, ntm. Nl itrhs phbhorhs, ul ul mh`ofi mhsf mi`pbnti nl nb h`ofn h`ofnltn ltn tithb gnb ei`orn. Ns gnmfr qun nb `ngfi h`ofnltn tfnln tithb fljbunlmfh `hrmhgh nl bh imurrnlmfh gn bh nljnr`nghg. Ghgis gfmn3 "@ægfmh`nltn ehobhlgi, nb ei`orn ns `ès ul prigumti gn su `ngfi qun gn su enrnlmfh knlætfmh. Bh shbug gn bis snrns eu`hlis li nstè gntnr`flhgh pir sus rhzhs sfli pir bhs milgfmfilns ohci bhs muhbns vfvn". Nb nsthgi gn shbug y gn nljnr`nghg, qun li ns `ès qun ul primnsi miltflui gn hghpthmfýl, muyh milsnmunlmfh rnprnsnlthrè shbug sf eh tnlfgi æxfti, i nljnr`nghg sf eh jrhmhshgi, mi`prnlgn trns nthphs snkól Qhyln3 h)  Bh mhushbfghg, ns gnmfr, bis `óbtfpbns jhmtirns mhushbns qun privimhl bh rnhmmfýl gn hghpthmfýl. o)  Bis `nmhlfs`is jfsfibýkfmis, phtibýkfmis i gn bh milgumth, `ngfhltn bis muhbns nb irkhlfs`i eu`hli trhth gn hghpthrsn4 m)  Bh rnhmmfýl i rnspunsth jfsfibýkfmh i phtibýkfmh i gn bh milgumth prigumfgh pir bis `nlmfilhgis `nmhlfs`is. Nb milmnpti gn mhushbfghg `óbtfpbn ns nb qun lis fltnrnsh, yh qun bis `nmhlfs`is y rnhmmfilns jfsfibýkfmhs, phtibýkfmhs i gn bh milgumth sil nstugfhgis nl itrhs rh`hs gn bhs mfnlmfhs ofi`ægfmhs. Mbhrd eh sfltntfzhgi nb milmnpti nmibýkfmi gn nljnr`nghg, nl bhs trns prn`fshs sfkufnltns3 h)  Bh nljnr`nghg rnsubth gnb gnsnqufbforfi nltrn bhs junrzhs gnb eispngnri y gnb hknltn mhushb4 76

 

o)  Nb tfpi y nb krhgi gn gnsnqufbforfi gnpnlgn gn bh mbhsn y gn bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs gnb eispngnri y nb hknltn mhush4 m)  Bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs gn bh knltn mhushb y gnb eispngnri y su fltnrhmmfýl, nstèl rnbhmfilhgis y gnpnlgnl gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn jàsfmi, ofibýkfmi, simfhb, nmilý`fmi nm ilý`fmi y mubturhb (nstn óbtf`i hkrnkhgi pir lisitris). ¹Qhrh vnr nb pir quæ9 Ns f`pirthltn nb `ngfi h`ofnltn, y tnln`is qun qun nstugfhr hb `fs`i, milimnr sus mhrhmtnràstfmhs, y shonr y nltnlgnr qun lis gh, nl qun lis ns ótfb, y pir quæ lis gh shbug, y sf ofnl nsti sn supiln qun yh en`is nstugfhgi vhbn bh pnlh rnmirghrbi y ghrbn bh f`pirthlmfh lnmnshrfh gnsgn nb pulti gn vfsth gn bh shbug4 y pimi gn bh ofibikàh. Nl nb @ngfi H`ofnltn ehbbhl `umeis gn bis gntnr`flhltns y milgfmfilhltns gn bh shbug gn bhs pnrsilhs, gn heà su f`pirthlmfh gnltri gn bh `ngfmflh `ngf mflh fltnkrhb, qun li sibi ousmh bh rnphrhmfýl gn bh shbug, sfli qun trhth gn nvfthr bis rfnskis qun bh h`nlhzh. Nb mufghgi gn nstn `ngfi y nb rnmilimf`fnlti gn sus pitnlmfhbfghgns, thlti pisftfvhs mi`i lnkhtfvhs, bbnvh hb gnshrribbi gn hmtfvfghgns fltnrsnmtirfhbns qun hb rnmilimnr h bh pnrsilh mi`i phrtn gn bh lhturhbnzh, nvftn su gnstrummfýl Nb priynmti tfnln mbhri qun bhs milgfmfilns `ngfih`ofnlthbns tfnlnl ulh fljbunlmfh gnmfsfvh nl bh shbug. Bh jhbth gn hkuh pithobn i ulh tfnrrh mubtfvhobn privimh ulhs milsnmunlmfhs `ès f`pirthltns flmbusi qun bh jhbth gn `ngfmflhs. Qir nsi nb `ignbi sn flsnrth nl tigh ulh rnjbnxfýl tnýrfmh siorn nb `ngfi h`ofnltn. ?.8 Ehmfh ulh lunvh pnrspnmtfvh pnrspnmtfvh   Bh pnrspnmtfvh gn `ngfi h`ofnltn, hgn`ès gn rnmilimnr bh nstrnmeh rnbhmfýl nltrn nb `ngfi h`ofnltn y bh shbug, tfnln mi`i pulti gn phrtfgh qun bi qun imurrn nl bh lhturhbnzh ns gnofgi h bhs hmmfilns eu`hlhs, pir bi qun bis snrns eu`hlis si`is rnspilshobns gn prnvnlfr y miltribhr lunstrhs hmtuhmfilns phrh nvfthr ghøis frrnvnrsfobns. Bh ohsn gn nsth pnrspnmtfvh ns nb milmnpti gn rnspilshofbfghg. Nb `hrmi gn bhs ætfmhs fltnrpnrsilhbns gnon h`pbfhrsn ehmfh ulh ætfmh gn bh rnspilshofbfghg rnspilshofbfghg,, nl bh muhb sn fltnkrhl bhs rnbhmfilns mil bhs knlnrhmfilns juturhs, mil bis hlf`hbns, bhs pbhlths y bis snrns flhlf`hgis. ]n rnqufnrn gn ul lunvi phrhgfk`h gn mi`prnlsfýl gnb >1

 

`ulgi qun tfnln pir mnltri bh vfgh y li h bis snrns eu`hlis, h phrtfr gn gis mhrhmtnràstfmhs3 h)  Eibfs`i3 Nxfstn fltnrgnpnlgnlmfh nltrn tigis bis snrns, bh lhturhbnzh y nb pbhlnth pir bi qun bis priobn`hs li pungnl hoirghrsn gn jir`h ulfbhtnrhb mi`i bi eh enmei bh tæmlfmh. o)  Ofimnltrfs`i, nl bukhr gn hltripimnltrfs`i. Bh vfgh `nrnmn rnspnti y bh lhturhbnzh gnon snr rnspnthgh pir gnrnmei pripfi puns pnrtnlnmn`is h ulh ‒mi`ulfghg ofýtfmh‐ miljir`hgh pir nb sunbi, nb hkuh, bhs pbhlths y bhs nspnmfns h lf`hbns. Bis

jnlý`nlis lhturhbns gnonl snr hoirghgis mil rnspnti. Lhturhbnzh y snr eu`hli nstèl pnlntrhgis gn nspàrftu, ns lnmnshrfh ulh nxpnrfnlmfh gn ulfýl gnb snr eu`hli mil bh lhturhbnzh. Nb `ngfi h`ofnltn flmfgn nl bhs milgfmfilns gn vfgh y shbug gn bh bh piobhmfýl. ?.=

Nb snr eu`hli y bh lhturhbnzh

Bh jir`h nl qun sn nltfnlgn bh rnbhmfýl mil nb `ngfi h`ofnltn pungn vhrfhr gn ul krupi simfimubturhb h itri, gnpnlgfnlgi gn bh jir`h nl qun sn nltfnlgn nb `ulgi, sus nbn`nltis y rnbhmfilns. @fnltrhs qun hbkulis milsfg milsfgnrhl nrhl nb `ngfi h`ofnltn thl sýbi mi`i junltn junltn gn rnmursis lhturhbns, bh pnrspnmtfvh gn `ngfi h`ofnltn gnon hprixf`hrsn h bh milmnpmfýl gn bh @hgrn Wfnrrh gn bh mis`ivfsfýl gn bis punobis flgàknlhs bhtflih`nrfmhlis, vfsuhbfzhgh mi`i snr vfvi mil bh qun gnon nxfstfr rnbhmfýl gn hr`ilàh. H phrtfr gn nsth pnrspnmtfvh gn `ngfi h`ofnltn sn hsu`n ulh pisturh mràtfmh hltn bhs fgnhs qun sn f`pubshl siorn nb gnshrribbi, bh prigummfýl y nb milsu`i. ?.7 Nb milsu`i rnspilshobn Nb milsu`i ns ul primnsi mbhvn nl bh simfnghg puns ns nb `itir gnb `ignbi nmilý`fmi hmtuhb, pir nsti sn milsfgnrh qun nb milsu`i pungn milvnrtfrsn nl ulh enrrh`fnlth gn mh`ofi. ]f sn munlth mil bh fljir`hmfýl phrh rnspilgnr h nstis pbhltnh`fnltis pbhltnh`fnltis,, pungn snr jhmtfobn tnlnr ul milsu`i milsmfnltn y rnspilshobn, irfnlthgi hb ji`nlti gn hmtfvfghgns mi`phtfobns mil bh shtfsjhmmfýl y gfklfghg gn bhs pnrsilhs y bh milsnrvhmfýl gn bh lhturhbnzh. Nb milsu`i rnspilshobn pungn sfltntfzhrsn nl trns hspnmtis3 Milsu`i mràtfmi y ætfmi (munstfilhr bi qun sn vnlgn, sfl bfkhr nb milsu`i hb vhbir i bh jnbfmfghg), Milsu`i >8

 

nmibýkfmi (hjnmthr bi `nlis pisfobn h bh lhturhbnzh) y Milsu`i sibfghrfi (phkhr y rnmfofr ul prnmfi custi). Hgn`ès, sn gnon tnlnr nl munlth bh hpbfmhmfýl gn bhs ‒mflmi r‐ nl nb milsu`i3

_nutfbfzhr, _nphrhr, _nmehzhr, _ngumfr y _nmfmbhr Bis nmýbikis n`pbnhl nb tær`fli nmisfstn`h phrh flgfmhr ulh ulfghg lhturhb mil phrtns vfvfnltns n flnrtns, muyh fltnrhmmfýl gntnr`flh bh jir`hmfýl gn ul sfstn`h nsthobn nl nb muhb nb fltnr-mh`ofi gn susthlmfhs nltrn bhs phrtns vfvhs n flnrtns sfkun ulh trhynmtirfh mfrmubhr. Bis nmisfs nmisfstn`hs tn`hs pung pungnl nl snr gn gfjnrnltns gf`nls gf`nlsfilns4 filns4 u ul l bhki, phrtn gn ul oisqun i uli gn bis mfmbis rnmfæl trhthgis, sil ncn`pbis gn nmisfstn`hs. ^l hmuhrfi nqufbforhgi, mil pnmns tripfmhbns, pbhlths vnrgns y mhrhmibns, milstftuyn ul nmisfstn`h `uy pnqunøi. ^l bhki, ulh bhku bhkulh lh th`ofæl. (Bh bhku bhkulh lh Hbhbhy ncn`pbi nl MOOH). Bh phrtn li vfvh gnb bhki, mi`prnlgn nb hkuh, nb ixàknli gfsunbti, nb hleàgrfgi mhroýlfmi, shbns flirkèlfmhs3 thbns mi`i bis jisjhtis y bis mbiruris gn sigfi, pithsfi y mhbmfi, mhbmf i, y ul krhl ló`nri gn mi`punstis irkèlfmis. irkèlfmis. Bh phrtn vfvh gnb bhki pungn suogfvfgfrsn gn hmunrgi mil bhs julmfilns gnb irkhlfs`i, ns gnmfr, milsfgnrhlgi bh jir`h nl qun bis `fs`is miltrfouynl h `hltnlnr nb nmisfstn`h julmfilhlgi mi`i ul milculti nsthobn. Qrf`nrh`nltn, nstèl bis irkhlfs`is prigumtirns, bhs pbhlths vnrgns, qun pungnl jhorfmhr susthlmfhs irkèlfmhs h phrtfr gn bis mi`punstis flirkèlfmis sf`pbns. Nl snkulgi tær`fli, nstèl bis irkhlfs`is milsu`fgirns mi`i flsnmtis y bhrvhs, mrustèmnis, pnmns y qufzès hbkulhs hb`nchs hb`nchs gn ràis. Bis milsu`fgirns prf`hrfis si sil l bis qun sn hbf`nlthl gn pbhlths, bis snmulghrfis sil bis mhrlàviris qun mi`nl h bis milsu`fgirns prf`hrfis, y hsà sumnsfvh`nltn. Jflhb`nltn nstèl bis irkhlfs`is gnsfltnkrhgis, bhs ohmtnrfhs y bis eilkis, qun gnkrhghl bis mi`punstis irkèlfmis gnb pritipbhs`h `unrti, prigumfnlgi susthlmfhs flirkèlfmhs qun pungnl snr utfbfzhghs pir bhs pbhlths vnrgns.

Ehofthg y lfmei nmibýkfmi (:) Nb ehofthg y nb lfmei nmibýkfmi sil gis milmnptis oèsfmis qun rnsubthl ótfbns phrh bh gnsmrfpmfýl gn bhs rnbhmfilns nmibýkfmhs gn bis irkhlfs`is. Æb Ehofthg gn ul irkhlfs`i ns nb bukhr gilgn vfvn, ns gnmfr ul èrnh jàsfmh, hbkulh phrtn nspnmàjfmh gn bh supnrjfmfn gn bh >?

 

tfnrrh, nb hfrn, nb sunbi i nb hkuh. Qir nb miltrhrfi, nb lfmei nmibýkfmi ns bh pisfmfýl rnbhtfvh gn ul irkhlfs`i gnltri ulh mi`ulfghg i nmisfstn`h. Nb Ehofthg ns bh "gfrnmmfýl" gnb gnb irkhlfs`i, y nb lfmei nmibýkfmi, su "prijnsfýl". Nsths rnbhmfilns sn ghl hb fltnrfir gnb irkhlfs`i eu`hli nl julmfýl gn euæspng y hknltn bi qun vh h gntnr`flhr nb gnshrribbi gnb primnsi shbug nljnr`nghg, ns pir nsti qun ns lnmnshrfi rnftnrhr bh tnr`flibikàh rnspnmtfvh =.8

Wfpis gn Fltnrhmmfilns nltrn bhs Nspnmfns3 (:) (:)  

Nltrn bhs piobhmfilns gn gfjnrnltns nspnmfns pungnl nxfstfr gfvnrsis tfpis gn fltnrhmmfýl. ]f nltrn gis piobhmfilns punsths nl milthmti li nxfstn lflkulh fltnrhmmfýl, bh sftuhmfýl sn gnli`flh lnutrhbfs`i. ]f h`ohs sil hjnmthghs nl jir`h hgvnrsh, yh snh nl bh oósqungh gn hbf`nltis nsphmfis y itrh lnmnsfghg bh fltnrhmmfýl sn bbh`h mi`pntnlmfh. ]f mhgh ulh gn bhs piobhmfilns rnsubth onlnjfmfhgh pir bh prnsnlmfh gn bh itrh, pnri pungn siornvfvfr nl su husnlmfh, bh bh rnbhmfýl sn gnli`flh pritimiipnrhmfýl. Qnri sf hgn`ès gn onlnjfmfhrsn mil bh prnsnlmfh gn bh itrh, h`ohs piobhmfilns li pungnl siornvfvfr nl bh lhturhbnzh sfl nbbh, bh rnbhmfýl sn gnli`flh `utuhbfs`i. Mi`nlshbfs`i sn hpbfmh h bh rnbhmfýl nl bh muhb ulh nspnmfn iotfnln onlnjfmfis gn bh prnsnlmfh gn bh itrh, qun li ns hjnmthgh pir nsth ulfýl. H`nlshbfs`i, phrh nb mhsi nl qun ulh nspnmfn sn flefon pir bh prnsnlmfh gn ulh snkulgh, qun li ns hjnmthgh pir bh gn bh prf`nrh. prf`nrh. Jflhb`nltn, muhlgi ulh nspnmfn hjnmth nl jir`h hgvnrsh h itrh, pnri li pungn vfvfr sfl nbbh sn gfmn qun bh rnbhmfýl ns gn phrhsftfs`i i prnghmfýl. Nb tær`fli phrhsftfs`i sn us ushh muhlgi ulh ns nspnmfn pnmfn vfvn gnltri gn itrh i siorn nbbh, y prnghmfýl sf bh prf`nrh nspnmfn htrhph y `hth h bh snkulgh, qun bn sfrvn gn hbf`nlti.

Jir`hs gn lutrfmfýl (:) Bis irkhlfs`is qun pungnl sfltntfzhr sus hbf`nltis sn gnli`flhl hutýtrijis (qun sn lutrnl h sà `fs`is). `fs`is). Bis hutýtrijis p pungnl ungnl vfvfr rnmfofnlgi ó ólfmh`nltn lfmh`nltn hkuh, hleàgrfgi mhroýlfmi, shbns flirkèlfmhs flirkèlfmhs y ulh junltn gn nlnrk nlnrkàh. àh. Ehy gis tf tfpis pis prflmfphbns g gnn >=

 

hutýtrijis3 8) Bis jitisfltætfmis qun sil bis vnknthbns vnrgns y bhs ohmtnrfhs purpurnhs, qun iotfnlnl gn bh buz sibhr bh nlnrkàh lnmnshrfh phrh bh sàltnsfs gn bhs `ibæmubhs irkèlfmhs, y ?) Bis quf`fi sfltætfmis, qun sil ulhs pimhs ohmtnrfhs qun pungnl iotnlnr nlnrkàh ixfghlgi mfnrths susthlmfhs flirkèlfmhs. Bis irkhlfs`is qun li pungnl sfltntfzhr sus pripfis hbf`nltis h phrtfr gn susthlmfhs flirkèlfmhs y qun, pir bi thlti, gnonl vfvfr h nxpnlshs gn bis hutýtrijis i siorn `htnrfh nl putrnjhmmfýl, sn gnli`flh entnrýtrijis, y su jir`h gn lutrfmfýl sn bbh`h entnritrýjfmh. entnr itrýjfmh. Ehy `umeis tfpis gn lutrfmfýl entnritrýjfmh, lutrfmfýl eibizifmh, lutrfmfýl shprijàtfmh, ul tnrmnr tfpi gn lutrfmfýl entnritrýjfmh, qun nxfstn nltrn bhs pbhlths y bis hlf`hbns, ns nb phrhsftfs`i. Bis phrèsftis vfvnl gnltri gnb mu munrpi nrpi vfvi gn ulh pbhlth i gn u ul l hlf`hb (bbh`hgi euæspng), i siorn nb `fs`i, y gn æb iotfnlnl sus hbf`nltis. Gilgn nlmiltrh`is tigi bi hltnrfir, gfrnmth`nltn nl bh lhturhbnzh qun lis rignh, y nl bh muhb nb ei`orn tfnln ulh gfrnmth fljbunlmfh lnkhtfvh h trhvæs gn su gnstrummfýl sfstn`ètfmh, mil nb prntnxti gn bh `ignrlfzhmfýl gn bhs mfughgns.

]hbug - nljnr`nghg y nmibikàh (:) Mil tigi bi `nlmfilhgi bàlnhs hrrfoh, gnon`is n`pnzhr h gnsmrfofr bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs gn bis ofi`hs qun sil nb milculti gn nspnmfns, nmisfstn`hs y ehofthg qun sn nlmunltrhl hb fltnrfir gn ul èrnh knikrèjfmh, ns gnmfr nl su irfknl sfklfjfmh jir`hs gn vfgh. Flfmfhb`nltn gfrn`is qun nxfstnl gis jir`hs oèsfmhs mi`i sil nb ofi`h gn bh tfnrrh y nb hmuètfmi. Nlmiltrh`is nl nb ofi`h gn bh tfnrrh, tigh bh gnsmrfpmfýl knikrèjfmh qun bh `fs`h lis gn`unstrh, gnsgn nb lfvnb gnb `hr ehsth bhs krhlgns hbturhs, bi qun sfklfjfmh, bh pbhyh, bh pbhlfmfn, bis vhbbns, bhs bbhlurhs, bhs prhgnrhs, bis bbhlis irfnlthbns, bis oisquns, bh gfvnrsfghg gn bis `fs`is, bhs `ilthøhs `ilthøhs,, bhs nstnphs i nb hbtfpbhli. Nl nb ofi`h hmuètfmi, gnsmrfof`is nb gn hkuh gubmn y nl nb `fs`i bhs hkuhs mirrfnltns y bhs hkuhs nsthlmhghs mi`i sil bis bhkis y bhs bhkulhs, nb gn hkuh shbhgh, mil sus zilhs pnbèkfmh, lnràtfmh hofshb, gn hbth `hr, pbnh`hr, ntm. Wigis nstis ofi`hs lis ghl bhs junltns prf`hrfhs gn hbf`nlthmfýl y suosfstnlmfh. >7

 

Bis ofi`hs gnsmrftis hltnrfir`nltn, nspnmfhb`nltn bis gn bh tfnrrh tfnlnl mhrhmtnràstfmhs knikrèjfmhs y h`ofnlthbns th`ofæl tfnlnl ulh phtibikàh gi`flhltn pripfh gn su `ngfi h`ofnltn, gn gilgn tnln`is qun bis `fs`is (ofi`hs) lis pungnl ghr shbug y th`ofæl nljnr`nghg, nsti gnpnlgfnlgi sf sn `hltfnln i li nb nqufbforfi ei`orn lhturhbnzh, pnri th`ofæl sf nb ei`orn `hltfnln su mhphmfghg gn hghpthmfýl. Qhrh h`ois mhsis nb ei`orn nl su jir`h gn ousmhr su supnrvfvnlmfh, hyugh, `hltfnln i gnstruyn su `ngfi phrh `ncirhr su mhbfghg gn vfgh, y nsth`is vfnlgi qun nl bh hmtuhbfghg ns nb prflmfphb gnprnghgir h`ofnlthb, bi qun pir milsfkufnltn lis `unstrh qun hyugh h gfs`flufr bh mhbfghg gn vfgh gn su zilh y gn nsth `hlnrh bbnkh h hu`nlthr bis rfnskis gn nljnr`nghg. Nl bh prèmtfmh h rnhbfzhr h nstn rnspnmti, gnsmrfofrn`is mhgh ulh gn bhs zilhs `nlmfilhghs, bhs vnlthchs qun lis ijrnmnl mi`i lfvnb gn vfgh y suosfstnlmfh, hsà mi`i th`ofæl bhs phtibikàhs gi`flhltns qun mhgh uli gn bis ofi`hs rnprnsnlth. Mhgh phàs tfnln mhrhmtnràstfmhs gn ofi`hs pripfis gn nbbis, bi qun sn `hlfjnsthrh nl phtibikàhs gi`flhltns phrh mhgh èrnh, nsti ehmn qun gnon`is nstugfhr bi lunstri lun stri yh qun si`is gfjnrnltns. Nxfstnl jhmtirns qun hbtnrhl nb `hltnlf`fnlti hgnmuhgi hgnmuhgi gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn, bi qun ehmn qun bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs lir`hbns gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn li snhl bhs `ès hgnmuhghs phrh bh supnrvfvnlmfh gnb ei`orn, `nlmfilhrn`is hbkulis gn nbbis.

Khsns milth`flhltns gn bh ht`ýsjnrh Bis khsns qun milth`flhl bh ht`ýsjnrh primngnl nl su `hyir phrtn gn bh mi`oustfýl gnb mhroýl, gnb pntrýbni y sus gnrfvhgis, hsà mi`i th`ofæl gn bis gfjnrnltns primnsis flgustrfhbns. ]il ýxfgis gn mhroili, ýxfgis gn hzujrn, y gn lftrýknli n efgrimhrouris. Wigis nstis khsns tfnlnl njnmtis lnkhtfvis siorn bis b is snrns vfvis, pnri hb mi`oflhrsn nltrn sà y mil bis mi`pilnltns lhturhbns prigumnl lunvis priobn`hs muyis njnmtis óbtf`is li si`is mhphmns gn prngnmfr nl su tithbfghg. tithb fghg. :.8

Muhtri h`nlhzhs phrh bh shbug eu`hlh

Bh bfsth gn susthlmfhs milth`flh milth`flhltns ltns qun hmtuhb`nltn sil bfonrhghs hb `ngfi h`ofnltn ns >>

 

mhsf fljflfth3 gfýxfgi gn mhroili, `ilýxfgi gn mhroili, munrpis irkèlfmis vibètfbns, pbi`i, onlznli, onlzihpfrnli, h`ilfhmi, izili, gfýxfgi gn hzujrn, gfýxfgi gn lftrýknli y nl phrtàmubhs nl suspnlsfýl. Wighs nsths susthlmfhs tfnlnl ul f`phmti lnkhtfvi siorn lunstri irkhlfs`i. Qnri milmnltræ`ilis nl muhtri3 nb hzujrn, bhs phrtàmubhs nl suspnlsfýl nl nb hfrn, nb izili y bis ýxfgis gn lftrýknli. N`pnmn`is pir nb hzujrn3 "Nb gfýxfgi gn hzujrn ns ulh susthlmfh `uy sibuobn nl hkuh, y pir bi thlti su nxpisfmfýl frrfth bhs `umishs gn bh lhrfz, bh oimh, bh jhrflkn y bis orilqufis nl munstfýl gn `flutis. Hgfmfilhb`nltn, th`ofæl frrfth bhs vàhs rnspfrhtirfhs, rngumfnlgi h su vnz bh mhphmfghg pub`ilhr y mhushlgi rilqunrh, rnspfrhmfýl nltrnmirthgh y prnsfýl nl nb pnmei. Bis hs`ètfmis sil phrtfmubhr`nltn snlsfobns hb hzujrn", nxpbfmh nb gimtir @urrhy. Nl muhlti h bhs phrtàmubhs nl suspnlsfýl, sil bfonrhghs pir bis primnsis gn mi`oustfýl gn mi`oustfobns jýsfbns3 "Nstis pungnl pnrcugfmhr bh julmfýl rnspfrhtirfh, bbnvhlgi ehmfh bh `irofbfghg y `irthbfghg rnspfrhtirfh puns frrfthl nb trhmti rnspfrhtirfi, nstrnmehl bhs vàhs gn vnltfbhmfýl, nxhmnrohl nb hs`h y bh orilquftfs, y hu`nlthl bhs thshs gn fljnmmfilns rnspfrhtirfhs -nlu`nrh nb gimtir @urrhy-. Nxfstnl nvfgnlmfhs nl Nsthgis ^lfgis gn qun nb flmrn`nlti nl bh thsh gnb sàlgri`n gn `unrtn sóofth pungn nsthr hsimfhgi mil bh nxpisfmfýl h bhs phrtàmubhs nl suspnlsfýl gnb hfrn". ]nkól nstn nspnmfhbfsth, "Nb izili pnrcugfmh nb julmfilh`fnlti pub`ilhr, y bis njnmtis imurrnl prflmfphb`nltn gurhltn ulh nxpisfmfýl hb izili `fnltrhs bhs pnrsilhs rnhbfzhl ncnrmfmfis jàsfmis. Bis nstugfis gn mh`pi sukfnrnl qun bh frrfthmfýl gn bis icis, lhrfz, khrkhlth, nb `hbnsthr nl nb pnmei, tis y gibirns gn mhonzh pungnl nsthr hsimfhgis mil bhs hbths milmnltrhmfilns gn izili nl nb hfrn. Hgn`ès, bis lføis hs`ètfmis phrnmfnrhl nsthr nl `hyir rfnski ehmfh bh nxpisfmfýl hb izili". Qir óbtf`i, bis ýxfgis gn lftrýknli. "Bis khsns gn ýxfgi gn lftrýknli sil týxfmis phrh bis eu`hlis y ghl irfknl th`ofæl h bh jir`hmfýl gn izili tripisjærfmi qun mhush f`phmtis nl bh shbug y nl bh vnknthmfýl", nxpbfmh nb gimtir Dnvfl Efmds, gnb Flstftuti gn @ngfi H`ofnltn gn Nstimib`i (]unmfh). "Bis `hyirns f`phmtis gnb gfýxfgi gn lftrýknli nl bh shbug sil bis hu`nltis nl bh >:

 

flmfgnlmfh gn bhs fljnmmfilns nl bh phrtn ohch gn bhs vàhs rnspfrhtirfhs nl lføis y nl bh gfs`flumfýl gn bh rnspunsth gn bhs vàhs rnspfrhtirfhs nl bis hs`ètfmis. Bh nxpisfmfýl rnpntfgh pungn bbnvhr h bnsfilns pub`ilhrns", hkrnkh nb gimtir @urrhy. Bis ýxfgis gn lftrýknli (prflmfphb`nltn nb gfýxfgi) sil ul ounl ncn`pbi gn mý`i ul milth`flhltn prnsnltn prf`nri nl bh ht`ýsjnrh pungn hjnmthr mursis gn hkuh y lhphs gn hkuh pithobn suotnrrèlnhs, f`phmthlgi pir gfvnrshs vàhs bh shbug eu`hlh. "Bh gnpisfmfýl gn lftrýknli pungn hmfgfjfmhr bis nmisfstn`hs tnrrnstrns, y bhs mrnmfnltns milmnltrhmfilns gn lftrhti nl bhs junltns gn hkuh pithobn milstftuynl ul priobn`h phrh bh shbug eu`hlh -nxpbfmh nb gimtir Efmds-. Gn hbkulh `hlnrh bis lftrhtis pungnl snr milvnrtfgis nl nb nstý`hki pir mfnrtis `fmriirkhlfs`is h lftrfti, qun hb snr hosirofgi nl bh shlkrn milvfnrtn bh en`ikbioflh nl `nthen`ikbioflh. Bh `nthen`ikbioflh li ns njnmtfvh nl nb trhlspirtn gn ixàknli nl bh shlkrn y nl mhsis gn nbnvhgis vhbirns hkugis i mrýlfmis pungn milgumfr h bh `unrtn nl lføis pir nb bbh`hgi sàlgri`n gnb onoæ hzub"

Njnmti flvnrlhgnri Nb gfýxfgi gn mhroili ns ul mi`pilnltn lhturhb gn bh ht`ýsjnrh. ]n prigumn pir bh qun`h gn `hgnrh, mhroýl, khs i pntrýbni, y sf su milmnltrhmfýl eh pnr`hlnmfgi milsthltn gnsgn tfn`pis prnefstýrfmis, sn gnon h gis jhmtirns3 bh krhl sibuofbfghg qun prnsnlth y bis primnsis gn jitisàltnsfs, qun milsu`nl krhlgns mhltfghgns gn khs. H phrtfr gn bis høis pistnrfirns h bh snkulgh kunrrh `ulgfhb mi`nlzý h iosnrvhrsn ul hu`nlti sfklfjfmhtfvi gnb `fs`i nl bh ht`ýsjnrh (nl bis b is óbtf`is mfnl høis, bh milmnltrhmfýl gn MI? eh phshgi gn ?51pp` (phrtàmubhs pir `fbbýl) h =71pp`). Nsti ns prnimuphltn pir sus njnmtis siorn bh tn`pnrhturh gnb kbioi. Nb MI? gnch phshr bis rhyis sibhrns ehsth bh supnrjfmfn tnrrnstrn4 nstis rhyis mhbfnlthl bh mirtnzh y bhs hkuhs supnrjfmfhbns4 nb mhbir frrhgfhgi ns hosirofgi pir nb gfýxfgi gn mhroili y gnvunbti gn lunvi h bh supnrjfmfn gnb pbhlnth, prigumfnlgi ul njnmti fkuhb hb gn bis mrfsthbns gn ul flvnrlhgnri, bi muhb supiln ul flmrn`nlti knlnrhb gn bh tn`pnrhturh gnb kbioi.

Bbuvfh hmfgh Bis ýxfgis gn hzujrn y lftrýknli sujrnl ulh ixfghmfýl hgfmfilhb y sn mi`oflhl mil nb vhpir gnb hkuh phrh prigumfr èmfgis junrtns mi`i èmfgi subjórfmi y làtrfmi, qun hb mhnr culti mil >;

 

bh bbuvfh prigumnl ulh hmfgfjfmhmfýl gn bhs hkuhs, mil bhs milsfkufnltns milsnmunlmfhs lnkhtfvhs qun siorn bis irkhlfs`is hmuètfmis supiln bh vhrfhmfýl gnb pE. Nl bis nmisfstn`hs tnrrnstrns gfjfmubth bh lir`hb hosirmfýl gn bhs rhàmns, gntfnln su mrnmf`fnlti privimh prf`nri bh mhàgh gn bhs eichs y jflhb`nltn bh `unrtn gn bhs pbhlths. Nstis khsns hb snr trhlspirthgis pir bis vfnltis h krhlgns gfsthlmfhs, pungnl ehmnr snltfr sus njnmtis gn bh bbuvfh b buvfh èmfgh nl rnkfilns `uy hbnchghs gn su prigummfýl.

Bh mhph gn izili Nl bh nstrhtisjnrh, nltrn bis ?1 y => D`. gn hbturh sn nlmunltrh bh mhph gn izili. Nb izili hosiron bhs rhgfhmfilns ubtrhvfibnths n f`pfgnl qun bbnkun h bh supnrjfmfn gn bh tfnrrh, mil sus milsfkufnltns njnmtis lnkhtfvis. Bis njnmtis gn bh rngummfýl gn bh mhph gn izili sn vl milimfnlgi pimi h pimi pnri li sn milimnl nl tigh su `hklftug, pnri sn shon qun nl bh piobhmfýl eu`hlh hu`nlthrh bh flmfgnlmfh gn mèlmnr nl bh pfnb4 y bhs rhgfhmfilns ubtrhvfibnths hjnmthràhl mil gfjnrnltn fltnlsfghg h bis irkhlfs`is gn tigis bis nmisfstn`hs hbtnrhlgi bhs rngns trýjfmhs, mil bh milsfkufnltn mhtèstrijn nmibýkfmh qun nbbi nb bi f`pbfmh.

Qiorn `hr, piorn tfnrrh En`is gnsmrfti mi`i priobn`hs `ngfi h`ofnlthbns sibi bis `ès f`phmthltns, yh nl bh prèmtfmh hmhgæ`fmh sn vnrèl bis itris nbn`nltis quà`fmis qun prigumnl hbtnrhmfilns gn bh shbug. ]nkól ghtis gn bh irkhlfzhmfýl `ulgfhb gn bh shbug, gn tighs bhs susthlmfhs utfbfzhghs lir`hb`nltn pir nb ei`orn, thl sibi gnb =% gn nbbhs sn milimnl sus njnmtis nmibýkfmis h mirti y bhrki pbhzi. Nb ei`orn nxtrhn prigumtis gn bh lhturhbnzh, bis `igfjfmh, sfltntfzh lunvhs susthlmfhs y gnvunbvn sus gnsnmeis h bh lhturhbnzh mil bi qun hbtnrh bis mfmbis lhturhbns nl nb hfrn, nb sunbi y nb hkuh. Nb ei`orn sn eh milvnrtfgi nl ul vnrghgnri phrèsfti gn bh ofisjnrh, pnri phrnmn ehonr ibvfghgi qun hb phrèsfti li bn fltnrnsh qun su phtrýl `unrh, ghgi qun nsti sfklfjfmh nb jfl gn su pripfh nxfstnlmfh.

Nrisfýl y gnsnrtfjfmhmfýl Qir nrisfýl nltnlgn`is nb gnskhstn gn bh supnrjfmfn tnrrnstrn prigumfgi pir nb hkuh i nb vfnlti nl ul bukhr gn piorn vnknthmfýl y Gnsnrtfjfmhmfýl ns ul tær`fli qun sn rnjfnrn h bh >5

 

trhlsjir`hmfýl gn ul èrnh nl ul gnsfnrti. H`ois milmnptis nstèl nstrnmeh`nltn bfkhgis4 muhlgi ul sunbi sn nrisfilh, bh rnkfýl hjnmthgh sn milvfnrtn nl ul gnsfnrti. Bis flmnlgfis jirnsthbns y bh gnstrummfýl nl knlnrhb, gn bh muofnrth vnknthb gnchl nb sunbi gnspritnkfgi jrnltn h bh nrisfýl, y nl nb mhsi gn qun nsti sn bbnvn h mhoi, f`pbfmh bh gnstrummfýl gn ul sustrhti lnmnshrfi phrh qun bh vnknthmfýl pungh rnknlnrhrsn. ]n nstf`h qun mhgh høi sn milvfnrtnl nl gnsfnrti, nl gfvnrshs phrtns gnb kbioi, ulis >1111d` muhgrhgis gn tfnrrhs jærtfbns, y qun nl bh hmtuhbfghg ehy =1 `fbbilns gn D`. muhgrhgis qun nstèl nl pnbfkri gn gnsnrtfjfmhmfýl.

Gnstrummfýl gn oisquns tripfmhbns Nstn ns ul jhmtir f`pirthltn nl bh milth`flhmfýl gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn, pir ul bhgi bh gfs`flumfýl gn bis oisquns tripfmhbns ehmn qun bhs junltns gn ixfghmfýl tnlkhl qun gfs`flufr y hu`nlth nb mhbnlth`fnlti gn bh tfnrrh. Itri hspnmti h ti`hr nl munlth ns bh jir`h i bis `ætigis qun sn utfbfzhl phrh bh gnstrummfýl gn bis oisquns.

Nb primnsi nmibýkfmi gn hghpthmfýl (5) ^lh mhrhmtnràstfmh f`pirthltn nl nb ei`orn qun mi`i shon`is bi gfjnrnlmfh gn bis itris hlf`hbns ns su pignr gn hghpthmfýl hb `ngfi qun bi rignh, nsti ehmn qun hu`nltn su pignr gn supnrvfvnlmfh.  supnrvfvnlmfh.  Bh`nlthobn`nltn, sil vhrfis bis jhmtirns qun sn mruzhl gnltri nb `ngfi h`ofnltn, qun ehmn `ès gfjàmfb "siornvfvfr" nl nb `fs`i, phrh nsti piln`is mi`i ncn`pbi, bh milth`flhmfýl h`ofnlthb `ès nb hu`nlti gn bh piobhmfýl i milmnltrhmfýl gn bh `fs`h nl ul èrnh knikrèjfmh, gfs`fluyn bh mhphmfghg gn hfrn pir pnrsilh, nltrhlgi nl rfnski rnspfrhtirfi. ]f ofnl nsth hptftug qun tfnln nb ei`orn phrh pignr hghpthrsn hb `ngfi ns f`pirthltn, ns th`ofæl mfnrti qun æb ns nb qun gnstruyn i `igfjfmh su `ngfi h`ofnltn phrh vfvfr `ès miljirthobn`nltn. Gnsmrfof`is h miltfluhmfýl muhbns sil bis priobn`hs nmibýkfmis gnb ei`orn miltn`pirèlni3 8.- Gnkrhghmfýl pnr`hlnltn gn bh lhturhbnzh3 ]n rnjfnrn h qun nxfstn ulh >6

 

nxpbithmfýl gnsirgnlhgh gn bhs rfqunzhs lhturhbns yh snh phrh `ncirhr nb ehofthg (mfughgns, mhrrntnrhs) i phrh bh flgustrfhbfzhmfýl gn bis rnmursis, nsti lnmnshrfh`nltn bbnvh h ulh milth`flhmfýl h`ofnlthb nl bh ht`ýsjnrh, nl nb sunbi, nb hkuh gn bis hbf`nltis y bh milth`flhmfýl lumbnhr. ?.-Nmibikàh y tnlsfilns pir jhmtirns simfinmilý`fmis3 Qrigumfgh pir bh nxpbisfýl gn`ikrèjfmh, pimi tnrrftirfi, `nlir mhltfghg gn hbf`nltis, mrnmf`fnlti gn bhs mfughgns, ulh `fkrhmfýl pnr`hlnltn, bh rfqunzh nmilý`fmh sn nlmunltrh milmnltrhgh nl gntnr`flhgis phàsns, gnsfkuhbghgns mubturhbns y ngumhtfvhs, ulh krhl mi`pntnlmfh pir bh prigummfýl y utfbfzhmfýl gn ofnlns y snrvfmfis. =.- Nmibikàh y nljnr`nghg gn bhs piobhmfilns3 Lis `unstrh ulh jhbth gn rnbhmfýl nltrn bh `hgurnz ofibýkfmh y bh simfhb, bhs milgfmfilns gn vfgh sil gfjnrnltns nl tighs bhs rnkfilns, y nlmiltrh`is zilhs gn `fsnrfh, bh mhrhmtnràstfmh gn bh `ngfmflh ns qun nstè irfnlthgh i rfnlthgh prflmfphb`nltn h bh julmfýl rnphrhgirh, gilgn sn gn`unstrh ul prikrnsi tnmlibýkfmi, pnri li simfhb. 7.-Wnlsfilns Qsfmibýkfmhs3 Bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs hltnrfirns ehmnl qun nb ei`orn miltn`pirèlni nstæ si`ntfgi h tnlsfilns i nstræs, qun imhsfilh nl nb ul gnsnqufbforfi ofibýkfmi, qun nb ei`orn phrh suoshlhr nsth hmtftug vfvn fltnlsh`nltn ehsth bbnkhr pimi h pimi flhghpthmfýl simfhb, pirqun tigi rnsubth snr ulh mi`pntnlmfh y gilgn gfs`fluyn i sn pfnrgn bh mienrnlmfh simfhb. Gnsmrfths bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs knlnrhbns, vn`is qun ns lnmnshrfi prnsthr htnlmfýl hb `ngfi h`ofnltn, yh qun iosnrvh`is nl nb `fs`i vhrfhs mi`pntnlmfhs qun mil nb tfn`pi tnln`is qun bbnkhr h htnlgnr n flgfmh`is bhs sfkufnltns3 Bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs h`ofnlthbns gnb èrnh rurhb y urohlh nl lunstri phàs kuhrghl krhlgns gfjnrnlmfhs, sf ofnl ehy `nlis milth`flhmfýl, ehy gæjfmft gn snrvfmfis oèsfmis, ehy krhl nrisfýl y sn vh pnrgfnlgi nb ehofthg lhturhb gn `umehs nspnmfns, nl bh prigummfýl hkràmibh sn utfbfzh `umeis prigumtis hkriquà`fmis, nltilmns hphrnmnl `umehs nljnr`nghgns qun rnspilgnl h nstn lunvi h`ofnltn. Nl nb èrnh urohlh nlmiltrh`is itrh mhrhmtnràst mhrhmtnràstfmh fmh h`ofnlthb y ns bh gi`flhltn nl tighs bhs :1

 

urohlfzhmfilns3 milth`flhmfýl h`ofnlthb pir trèjfmi vnefmubhr, pir bhs flgustrfhs nl èrnhs gn `umei rfnski, jhbth gn pbhlfjfmhmfýl urohlh, gfs`flumfýl gn bhs èrnhs vnrgns y nspncis gn hkuh, ulh `hbh knstfýl hg`flfstrhtfvh gn bis snrvfmfis oèsfmis y bh miltfluh `fkrhmfýl rurhb urohlh. ¹Xuæ ns bi qun nlmiltrh`i nlmiltrh`iss ehsth nstn pulti9 Ns sf`pbn, nsth`is vfvfnl vfvfnlgi gi gnltri li ulh ounlh mhbfghg gn vfgh, gilgn li pign`is nlmiltrhr nb ofnlnsthr simfhb, nltilmns gfrn`is qun li nsth`is mu`pbfnlgi mil bis pistubhgis oèsfmis gn bh shbug qun gfmn3 "ofnlnsthr ofi psfmisimfhb y mhbfghg gn vfgh‐3 y lis prnkulth`is gýlgn9  

Nb ei`orn vfvn nl ul `ngfi h`ofnltn urohli milsfgnrhgi eistfb, bh mhbfghg gn vfgh gnpnlgn gn bis snrvfmfis qun orflgh bh uron, y hgn`ès gn bhs mishs qun ehmn, qun prhmtfmh nb `fs`i nl bh oósqungh gn su ofnlnsthr, nstis snrvfmfis gn ofnlnsthr sil3 hkuh pithobn, èrnhs gn rnmrnhmfýl, sunbi, hfrn, trhth`fnlti gn ohsurhs y rnsfguis sýbfgis y bàqufgis, rnsfguis flgustrfhbns, sf bis `fs`is sil `àlf`is i li nxfstnl nb rfnski gn mhbfghg gn vfgh y supnrvfvnlmfh ns `nlir, `ès sf nb milculti gn ulh piobhmfýl li kizh gn bis `fs`is sn hbtnrh bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn y sn prigumnl bis njnmtis gnsmrftis bàlnhs hrrfoh. Ns gnmfr pir vfvfr `ncir piorn tfnrrh. Qhrh milmbufr gnon`is flgfmhr qun bh ]istnlfofbfghg gnb Gnshrribbi Eu`hli nstè gfrfkfgh h bh prnsnrvhmfýl gn bh rfqunzh lhturhb phrh bis prýxf`is høis, nb ei`orn prnimuphgi pir siornvfvfr gnon vnr bh jir`h gn `hltnlnr bh lhturhbnzh nl bhs milgfmfilns ýptf`hs phrh qun li sn ri`ph nb nqufbforfi nmibýkfmi, y mrnn`is qun ns nl nsti nl bi qun `nlis sn nstè pnlshlgi.

Wnr`flibikàh (6) (:) 8.  Jhmtir h`ofnlthb.- Gfvnrsis mi`pilnltns gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn nltrn bis muhbns sn gnshrribbh bh vfgh nl lunstri pbhlnth. Gnltri gn sus mi`pilnltns nstèl bis jhmtirns ofýtfmis y jhmtirns hofýtfmis. ?.  Nmisfstn`h.-Milculti jir`hgi pir bis snrns vfvis nb è`ofti tnrrftirfhb nl nb qun vfvnl y bhs rnbhmfilns qun sn nsthobnmnl nltrn nbbis, thlti ofýtfmhs (fljbunlmfhs qun bis irkhlfs`is rnmfonl gn itris gn su `fs`h nspnmfn i gn nspnmfns gfjnrnltns) mi`i hofýtfmhs (jhmtirns jfsfmiquà`fmis, mi`i bh bu`flisfghg, bh tn`pnrhturh, bh :8

 

eu`nghg, ntm.). =.  Milth`flhmfýl.- Qrnsnlmfh y hmmfýl gn bis gnsnmeis irkèlfmis n flirkèlfmis nl mhltfghgns thbns qun nb `ngfi h`ofnltn sn vn hbtnrhgh nl sus mhrhmtnràstfmhs jàsfmhs, quà`fmhs i ofibýkfmhs. Bh milth`flhmfýl pungn prigumfrsn pir gnsnmeis li gnkrhghobns i pir gnsnmeis ofignkrhghob ofignkrhghobns. ns. Bh milth`flhmfýl imhsfilh pærgfgh gn rnmursis lhturhbns, khstis phrh bh suprnsfýl y miltrib y, hgn`ès pungn pnrcugfmhr bh shbug eu`hlh. 7.  Qritnmmfýl h`ofnlthb.- Ns nb milculti gn hmmfilns gn irgnl eu`hli, simfhb, tæmlfmi, bnkhb y nmilý`fmi, qun tfnln pir iocnti pritnknr bhs èrnhs gn fljbunlmfh pir hmmfýl hmmfý l gn bh rnhbfzhmfýl gn bhs hmtfvfghgns nxtrhmtfvhs y prigumtfvhs nvfthlgi su gnkrhghmfýl h lfvnbns pnrcugfmfhbns qun hjnmtnl nb nmisfstn`h, bh shbug y htnltnl miltrh nb ofnlnsthr eu`hli. >.  H`ofnltn.- Milculti gn milgfmfilns jfsfmiquà`fmhs y ofibýkfmhs qun lnmnsfthl bis irkhlfs`is, flmbufgi nb snr eu`hli, phrh vfvfr. Nltrn nsths milgfmfilns ehy qun tnlnr nl munlth bh tn`pnrhturh, bh mhltfghg gn ixàknli gn bh ht`ýsjnrh, bh nxfstnlmfh i husnlmfh gn hkuh, bh gfspilfofbfghg gn hbf`nltis, bh prnsnlmfh gn nspnmfns mi`pntfgirhs :.  Bnkfsbhmfýl h`ofnlthb.- Milculti gn lir`hs curàgfmhs qun tfnlnl qun vnr mil hmtuhmfýl gn bis flgfvfguis y bis krupis eu`hlis, nl rnbhmfýl mil nb h`ofnltn. Ns mi`pilnltn gn bh knstfýl h`ofnlthb. ;.  Knstfýl h`ofnlthb.- Milculti gn gnmfsfilns y hmtfvfghgns milmi`fthltns, qun sn irfnlthl hb bikri gn ul gnshrribbi sustnlthobn, h trhvæs gn primnsis gn irgnlh`fnlti gnb h`ofnltn. Wfnln bis sfkufnltns mi`pilnltns3 hg`flfstrhmfýl h`ofnlthb, bnkfsbhmfýl h`ofnlthb y hg`flfstrhmfýl h`ofnlthb. 5.  Hoili hrtfjfmfhb, hoili quà`fmi hoili ofibýkfmi, hoili irkèlfmi hoili lhturhb, hoili irkèlfmi.-prigumti jir`hgi pir `htnrfh irkèlfmh gn irfknl hlf`hb i vnknthb qun sn n`pbnh phrh jnrtfbfzhr bh tfnrrh. 6.  Hoili ofibýkfmi, hoili lhturhb, ofi hoili, hoili quà`fmi.- Qrigumti quà`fmi qun sn hpbfmh h bis tnrrnlis phrh `ncirhr i hu`nlthr su jnrtfbfghg y phrh hcusthr su :?

 

hmfgnz i hbmhbflfghg. 81. Hoili hrtfjfmfhb, jnrtfbfzhltn, hoili vnrgn.-_nstis gn mubtfvis qun sn flmirpirhl hb sunbi phrh `ncirhrbi y jnrtfbfzhr bh tfnrrh. 88. Milth`flhmfýl.-Mh`ofi flgnsnhobn gn bhs pripfnghgns jàsfmhs, quà`fmhs y ofibýkfmhs qun pungn privimhr njnmtis lnkhtfvis nl bis gfjnrnltns mi`pilnltns gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn. 8?. _nsfguis.- ]ust/hgc susthlmfh quà`fmh, ofibýkfmh i rhgfibýkfmh, nl muhbnsqufnrh gn sus nsthgis jàsfmis y jir`hs, qun hb flmirpirhrsn i nlmiltrhrsn pir nlmf`h gn sus milmnltrhmfilns lir`hbns nl bh ht`ýsjnrh, hkuh, sunbi, jhulh i muhbqufnr nbn`nlti lhturhb hbtnrh y mh`ofh su mi`pisfmfýl y milgfmfýl lhturhb. 8=. Miltrib ofibýkfmi.- Nbf`flhmfýl gn pbhkhs `ngfhltn nb usi gn g n irkhlfs`is vfvis, thbns mi`i phrèsftis, gnprnghgirns, ohmtnrfhs y vfrus. 87. Ofi miltrib-miltrib fltnkrhgi gn pbhkhs.- Milculti gn tæmlfmhs gnstflhghs h rngumfr bh hmmfýl gn bhs pbhkhs, h trhvæs gn `ngfghs bnkfsbhtfvhs, hkritæmlfmhs, miltrib ofibýkfmi, rithmfýl gn mubtfvis y itris `ætigis. 8>. Ghøi h`ofnlthb.- Hmmfýl lnkhtfvh i pnrcugfmfhb ncnrmfgh pir ul jhmtir ivhrfis hcnlis hb `ngfi. 8:. Gnmbhrhmfýl gn f`phmti h`ofnlthb.- Fljir`n julgh`nlthgi nl nstugfis gnthbbhgis qun gnsmrfon bhs milsnmunlmfhs nl nb `ngfi h`ofnltn gn ulh hmmfýl, ul priynmti h`ofnlthb i n`prnsh. 8;. Gnjibfhmfýl.- J mhàgh prn`hturh gn bhs eichs gn bis èroibns y pbhlths nl knlnrhb, privimhgh pir bh hmmfýl lhturhb i hltrýpfmh. (privimhgi pir nb ei`orn). 85. Gnjirnsthmfýl. J 8. Nbf`flhmfýl pnr`hlnltn gn bhs èrnhs gn vnknthmfýl oismish. ?. Gns`iltn gn bh `hsh jirnsthb y su rnn`pbhzi pir itris usis li jirnsthbns gn bh tfnrrh. 86. Gnkrhghmfýl ofibýkfmh.- Hmmfýl lnkhtfvh qun sn ncnrmn siorn ul gntnr`flhgi nmisfstn`h qun mh`ofh phrmfhb i tithb`nltn sus mhrhmtnràstfmhs. ?1. Gnkrhghmfýl gnb sunbis.-_ngummfýl i bh pærgfgh gn bh prigumtfvfghg y mi`pbncfghg ofibýkfmh, jàsfmh, quà`fmh y hkrinmilý`fmh gn bis sunbis, mi`i milsnmunlmfh gn bis :=

 

primnsis lhturhbns i gn bhs hmtfvfghgns eu`hlhs. ?8. Gnbfti h`ofnlthb.-Hmmfýl qun, nl ipisfmfýl h bhs bnyns y rnkbh`nltis pritnmtirns gnb `ngfi h`ofnltn, priviqun ghøis gn muhbqufnr mbhsn nl bh ht`ýsjnrh, sunbis, hkuhs tnrrnstrns i `hràtf`hs, qun pilkhl nl pnbfkri bh vfgh gn bhs pnrsilhs y pnrcugfqunl bhs milgfmfilns gn vfgh ýptf`hs gn ul nmisfstn`h. ??. Gn`hlgh ofiquà`fmh gn ixàknli.- @ngfgh flgfrnmth gn`=?gn bh mhltfghg gn ixàknli milsu`fgi pir bis `fmriirkhlfs`is gurhltn bh gnkrhghmfýl ofibýkfmh gn bh `htnrfh irkèlfmh. Ios3 sn ush th`ofæl bh sfkbh goi. ?=. Gn`hlgh quà`fmh gn ixàknli.- @ngfgh flgfrnmth gn bh mhltfghg gn ixàknli lnmnshrfh phrh nsthofbfzhr ul rnsfguhb. Ios3 sn ush th`ofæl bh sfkbh gqi. ?7. Ngumhmfýl h`ofnlthb.- Qrimnsi gn ngumhmfýl qun sn nxprnsh y pbhlfjfmh h trhvæs gn bh fltrigummfýl gn bh gf`nlsfýl h`ofnlthb mil ulh irfnlthmfýl sistnlfobn pir vàhs jir`hbns i li jir`hbns. ?>. Qibàtfmh h`ofnlthb njnmti gn flvnrlhgnri.- Hu`nlti gn bh tn`pnrhturh gn bh tfnrrh gnofgi hb flmrn`nlti gn bhs milmnltrhmfilns ht`isjærfmhs gn gfýxfgi gn mhroili y itris khsns. ?:. Njbunltn.- _nsfguhb bàqufgi, trhthgi i sfl trhthr, qun sn irfkflh nl ul primnsi flgustrfhb i hmtfvfghg simfhb y sn gfspiln knlnrhb`nltn nl bis sunbis i gfvnrsis munrpis gn hkuh supnrjfmfhbns i suotnrrèlnh. ?;. @htnrfh flirkèlfmh.- ]usthlmfhs gn irfknl `flnrhb muyh nstrumturh li nstè milstftufgh prflmfphb`nltn pir nb mhroili. ?5. @htnrfh irkèlfmh.- Milculti gn `htnrfhbns vnknthbns y hlf`hbns tithb i phrmfhb`nltn gnsmi`punstis pir bh hmmfýl gn bis `fmriirkhlfs`is prnsnltns nl nb sunbi. ?6. @ngfi h`ofnltn.- ]fstn`h gn jhmtirns hofýtfmis, ofýtfmis y simfinmilý`fmis mil bis qun fltnrhmtóh nb ei`orn nl ul primnsi gn hghpthmfýl, trhlsjir`hmfýl y utfbfzhmfýl gnb `fs`i phrh shtfsjhmnr sus lnmnsfghgns nl nb primnsi efstýrfmi-simfhb. efstýrfmi -simfhb. =1. Qrigummfýl bf`pfh.- Qrèmtfmh gn hpbfmhmfýl miltfluh gn ulh nstrhtnkfh h`ofnlthb prnvnltfvh fltnkrhgh h bis primnsis, prigummfilns y snrvfmfis phrh flmrn`nlthr su :7

 

njfmfnlmfh, rngumfr bis rfnskis phrh bis snrns eu`hlis y nb h`ofnltn y bikrhr bh sistnlfofbfghg gnb gnshrribbi nmilý`fmi. =8. Qrigumtfvfghg ofibýkfmh.- Qrigummfýl gn ofi`hsh pir ulfghg gn tfn`pi gn ulh nspnmfn, piobhmfýl, hsimfhmfýl i nmisfstn`h. =?. Qrigumtis pnbfkrisis.- Qrigumtis utfbfzhgis i nbhoirhgis nl ul primnsi prigumtfvi qun pungnl snr nxpbisfvis, mi`oustfobns, fljbh`hobns, frrfthltns, limfvis, týxfmis, mhlmnràknlis, mirrisfvis, fljnmmfisis, tnrhtikælfmis, `uthkælfmis i rhgfhmtfvis. WNUWI HMW^HBFSHGI ]IO_N BH OH]N GNB WNUWI Q_NQH_HGI3 G_. @sm CI_KN X^F_IKH ONBW_HL. ONBW_HL. GIMNLWN GQWI. @NGFMFLH ]IMFHB V JH@FBFH_ JHM. @NGFMFLH. ^@]]. MIMEHOH@OH ?1?1

Ofobfikrhjàh  8. ^KH_WNWUNH GN BH M_^S C. Gnrnmei Eu`hli hb @ngfi H`ofnltn nl bh Hknlgh ?1=14 ?1?1. ?. ^lfghs L. Lhmfilns ulfghs,Fljir`n gn bh Miljnrnlmfh Miljnrnlmfh gn bhs Lhmfilns ^lfghs siorn nb @ngfi H`ofnltn y nb Gnshrribbi. TIlbflnP.4 ?11?. Hvhfbhobn jri`3 ettps3//ulgims.irk/pgj9sy`oib0ns/H/M rk/pgj9sy`oib0ns/H/MILJ.8>8/?:/_nv.8(Zi ILJ.8>8/?:/_nv.8(Zib.FF) b.FF)..  ettps3//ulgims.i =. ]hbug I@gb. Irkhlfzhmfil @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug,Bh shbug y `ngfi h`ofnltn nl bh nrh gnb gnshrribbi sistnlfobn. TIlbflnP. Kflnorh4 ?18>. Hvhfbhobn jri`3 ettps3//www.phei.irk/eq/flgnx.pep9 iptfil0mi`Ymiltnlt&vfnw0hrtfm iltnlt&vfnw0hrtfmbn&fg08==;53enhbtebn&fg08==;53enhbteettps3//www.phei.irk/eq/flgnx.pep9iptfil0mi`Ym nlvfril`nlt-fl-hkn-ij-susthflhobn-gnvnbip` nlvfril`nlt-fl-hkn-ij-susth flhobn-gnvnbip`nlt&Ftn`fg07?=>7&bhlk0 nlt&Ftn`fg07?=>7&bhlk0ns ns..  7. ^lfghg L. Iocntfvis gn Gnshrribbi ]istnlfobn. TIlbflnP. _fi gn chlnfri4 ?18> Tmftng ?1?1 gfmfn`orn ?:. Hvhfbhobn jri`3  jri`3 ettps3//www.ul.irk/susthflhobngnvnbip`nlt/ns/. ettps3//www.ul.irk/susthflhobngnvnbip`nlt/ns/.  >. Qburflhmfilhb HB. Milstftumfýl Qibftfmh gnb Nsthgi Qburflhmfilhb. ?116.. :. Zfbbnn M. Ofibikfh Knlnrhb. 5te ng. Hrknltflh3 @mkrhw-Efbb4 866:. ;. ]hl @hrtfl E. Wrhthgi Knlnrhb gn bh ]hbug. 866?.. 5. @fbbnr O, Ourt C. ]hbug flgfvfguhb y mibnmtfvh.3 Fltnrh`nrfmhlh4 86;=. 6. _nlkfji Muæbbhr E. Milmnptuhbfzhmfýl gn bh shbug h`ofnlthb3 tniràh y prèmtfmh (phrtn 8). _nvfsth Qnruhlh gn @ngfmflh Nxpnrf`nlthb y ]hbug Quobfmh. ?1154 ?>.

:>

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

]F]WN@H V ]N_ZFMFI] GN ]HB^G IOCNWFZI] 8. Milimnl bis hltnmngnltns gnb sfstn`h gn shbug phrh mi`prnlgnr su primnsi. ?. ul sfstn`h gn shbug, sus mhrhmtnràstfmhs, sus nbn`nltis y rnbhmfýl gn mhgh ulh gnGnsmrfonl nbbhs.  nbbhs.  =. =. Milimnl  Milimnl nb sfstn`h gn shbug lhmfilhb, bhs lir`hs, tfpis y mhrhmtnràstfmhs gn mhgh ulh. 7. _nbhmfilhl bh hgnmuhmfýl mubturhb y bis sfstn`hs gn shbug.

Hltnmngnltns Hb`h Hth, nvnlti bbnvhgi h mhoi nl 86;5, nl su gnmbhrhmfýl nl bis pultis ZF, ZFF, ZFFF, rnmilimn, bis sfstn`hs gn shbug mi`i ul lómbni nsnlmfhb qun pnr`ftn nb ncnrmfmfi gn bh htnlmfýl prf`hrfh gn shbug, pnr`ftfnlgi nb milthmti gnb flgfvfgui, bh jh`fbfh, mi`ulfghg, mil nb pnrsilhb gn shbug, shbug, muyis sfstn`hs gn shbug phrh orflghr ulh `ncir htnlmfýl gn shbug gnonl snr bbnvhgis bi `ès mnrmh pisfobn hb bukhr gilgn rnsfgnl y trhohchl bhs pnrsilhs. pn rsilhs. (8) Bis hspnmtis prikrh`ètfmis gn bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh Qrf `hrfh gn ]hbug ehmnl æljhsfs nl bis sfstn`hs gn shbug y bis rnmilimn rnmilimn mi`i bis kr krupis upis i flstftumfi flstftumfilns lns phrtfmfphltns nl bh prnsthmfýl gn snrvfmfis gn shbug, qun gnonl miirgflhr sus hmtfvfghgns gnltri gn ul sfstn`h irkèlfmi y julmfilhb, hohrmh bis snrvfmfis irkhlfzhgis eirfzilthb`nltn (flstftumfilns qun prnsthl snrvfgis prf`hrfis, snmulghrfis y tnrmfhrfis h bh piobhmfýl gn ulh zilh ghgh4 pir ncn`pbi ul gfstrfti i privflmfh), y vnrtfmhb`nltn (irkhlfzhmfilns miirgflhghs gn ul lfvnb h itri4 pir ncn`pbi phàs-rnkfýl-bimhbfghg) y, pir bi thlti, mhphmns gn mu`pbfr ulh julgýl mbhrh nl bh sibumfýl gn priobn`hs, mi`i bh bumeh miltrh bhs nljnr`nghgns trhls`fsfobns i bh prnsthmfýl gn snrvfgis knrfètrfmis. Nsti sfstn`hs sfstn`hs gnonl irfnlthrsn ehmfh bis priobn`hs pr prflmfphbns flmfphbns gn shbug gn bh piobhmfýl y nl bh prnsthmfýl prnsthmfýl gn snrvfmfis gn pri`imfýl, prnvnlmfýl, trhth`fnlti y rnehofbfthmfýl n flmbufr bh `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb, lnmnshrfis phrh rnsibvnr bis priobn`hs gn shbug. (?) Bh sistnlfofbfghg gn ul sfstn`h gn shbug rnqufnrn gn bh jir`ubhmfýl pibàtfmhs, nstrhtnkfhs y pbhlns gn hmmfýl lhmfilhb n fltnrlhmfilhb gn nstn `igi bh Miljnrnlmfh Fltnrlhmfilhb siorn Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug sibfmfti gn `hlnrh urknltn y njfmhz bh hmmfýl lhmfilhb n fltnrlhmfilhb h jfl gn f`pubshr y pilnr nl prèmtfmh bh htnlmfýl prf`hrfh gn shbug ::

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

nl nb `ulgi nltnri y phrtfmubhr`nltn nl bis phàsns nl gnshrribbi, mil ul nspàrftu gn miipnrhmfýl tæmlfmh y miljir`n hb Lunvi Irgnl Nmilý`fmi Fltnrlhmfilhb. (8) Nb fljir`n gn shbug gn I@] nl ?115 hmnrmh gn bhs rnjir`hs h bh HQ], gnsthmh bh lnmnsfghg gn qun bis sfstn`hs gn shbug gnonl snr rnhgnmuhgis phrh hbmhlzhr bis iocntfvis gn bh shbug, gnlithl qun bis sfstn`hs sn nlmunltrhl gn`hsfhgi mnltrhgis nl ulh htnlmfýl murhtfvh nspnmfhbfzhgh4 ul nljiqun gn `hlgi y miltrib h bh bumeh miltrh bhs nljnr`nghgns, mnltrèlgisn nl rnsubthgis h mirti pbhzi, privimhlgi ulh jrhk`nlthmfýl gn bh prnsthmfýl gn snrvfmfis4 sn ohshl bh kionrlhlzh nl bh li fltnrvnlmfýl bi qun pnr`ftn qun prispnrn bh htnlmfýl gn mhrèmtnr mi`nrmfhb li rnkubhgh. Jrnltn h nstis priobn`hs fgnltfjfmhgis surkn bh lnmnsfghg gn bhs rnjir`hs h bh HQ], rnjir`hs qun ti`hl nl munlth hb sfstn`h gn shbug. (=) Nsths rnjir`hs sn nstrumturhl nl 7 krupis3 _njir`hs nl pri gn bh mionrturh ulfvnrshb, mil sfstn`hs gn shbug qun miltrfouyhl h bikrhr bh nqufghg, sibfghrfghg y custfmfh simfhb shlfthrfh, ti`hlgi nl munlth bhs ohrrnrhs nmilý`fmhs, ohrrnrhs bflkòàstfmhs y bhs ohrrnrhs mubturhbns. _njir`hs gn prnsthmfýl gn ssnrvfmfis, nrvfmfis, qun rnirkhlfmnl bis snrvfmfis gn sshbug hbug nl jir`h gn htnlmfýl prf`hrfh, nl tirli h bhs lnmns lnmnsfghgns fghgns y nxpnmthtfvhs gn bhs pnrsilhs _njir`hs gn bhs pibàtfmhs póobfmhs, qun `ncirnl bh shbug gn bhs mi`ulfghgns, `ngfhltn bh fltnkrhmfýl gn bhs fltnrvnlmfilns gn shbug póobfmh y bh htnlmfýl prf`hrfh y nb nsthobnmf`fnlti gn pibàtfmhs póobfmhs. _njir`hs gn bfgnrhzki qun sustftuyhl bh nxhknrhgh gnpnlgnlmfh gnpnlgnlmfh gn bis sfstn`hs gn `hlgi y miltrib, pir ul bhgi, y bh flefofmfýl y bhfssnz-jhfrn (qun sfklfjfmh «gncnl ehmnr, gncnl phshr) gnb Nsthgi, pir itri, pir ul bfgnrhzki fltnkrhgir, phrtfmfphtfvi y gfhbikhltn mhphz gn hjrilthr bh mi`pbncfghg gn bis hmtuhbns sfstn`hs gn shbug. Bis sfstn`hs gn shbug h lfvnb fltnrlhmfilhb sfkunl bhs rnmi`nlghmfilns gn I@], ohshghs nl hmunrgis mi`i Hb`h hth - HQ], mhrth gn Ithwh- Qri`imfýl Qri`imfýl gn bh ]hbug, Hmunrgi gn ]ehlk ]ehlkhf, hf,

:;

  

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

`umeis phàsns pungnl prnsnlthr sfstn`hs phrhbnbis, mil hbkulhs vhrfhmfilns nl nb `igi gn su jflhlmfh`fnlti, irkhlfzhmfýl gn bh htnlmfýl. H miltfluhmfýl gnthbbhrn`is nb sfklfjfmhgi gn sfstn`h, sfstn`h gn shbug, mhrhmtnràstfmhs gn ul sfstn`h, tfpis gn sfstn`h, milmbuynlgi mil nb sfstn`h gn shbug gnb Nsthgi Qburflhmfilhb gn Oibfvfh.

]fstn`hs gn shbug Bh phbhorh sfstn`h primngn gnb bhtàl systĝ`h, y nstn gnb krfnki ύὴύχλβθ (systn`h), fgnltfjfmhgi nl nsphib mi`i ‒ulfýl gn mishs gn `hlnrh irkhlfzhgh‐. (7)

^l sfstn`h ns ul milculti gn nbn`nltis rnbhmfilhgis nltrn sà qun julmfilh mi`i ul tigi. Mhgh uli gn bis nbn`nltis gn ul sfstn`h pungn julmfilhr gn `hlnrh flgnpnlgfnltn, pnri sfn`prn jir`hrè phrtn gn ulh nstrumturh `hyir, ul sfstn`h pungn snr, h su vnz, ul mi`pilnltn gn itri sfstn`h. (7) Hb`h Hth h trhvæs gn bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug nljimh hb ]fstn`h gn ]hbug mi`i nb milculti qun flmbuyn bis gfjnrnltns snmtirns, póobfmis, prfvhgis mil y sfl jflns gn bumri, hpbfmhobn h tigis bis phàsns y qun pnr`ftnl irkhlfzhr bhs pibàtfmhs, bis prikrh`hs y bis snrvfmfis phrh prigumfr `ncirhs nqufthtfv nqufthtfvhs hs y sistnlfobns nl bh sh shbug. bug. Bh I@] gnjfln hb sfstn`h gn shbug mi`i bh su`h gn tighs bhs irkhlfzhmfilns, flstftumfilns y rnmursis muyh jflhbfghg prf`irgfhb ns `ncirhr bh shbug. (=) ]NMWI_N] QÓOBFMI] ]NMWI_N] Q_FZHGI]

]NMWI_N] ]FL JFLN] GN B^M_I

@NCI_H] NX^FWHWFZH] V ]I]WNLFOBN] GN ]HB^G

HQBFMHOBN NL WIGI] BI] QHÀ]N] Junltn3 jfkurh nbhoirhgh siorn bh ohsn gn Hb`h Hth- HQ], 86;>

:5

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

Iocntfvis gn ul sfstn`h gn shbug (=) Bis iocntfvis oèsfmis gn bis sfstn`hs gn shbug sil trns3 h) 

@ncirhr bh shbug gn bh piobhmfýl, bi qun h su vnz supiln milthr mil ul sfstn`h gn shbug njnmtfvi, qun rnguzmh bhs gnsfkuhbghgns pir bi thlti snh

o) 

nqufthtfvi. Ijrnmnr ul trhti hgnmuhgi h bis usuhrfis gn bis snrvfmfis gn shbug,   qun rnspntn bh gfklfghg gn bhs pnrsilhs, su hutili`àh y bh b h miljfgnlmfhbfghg gn bh fljir`hmfýl

m) 

Khrhltfzhr snkurfghg jflhlmfnrh nl `htnrfh gn shbug, bi qun f`pbfmh bh nxfstnlmfh gn nsqun`hs gn jflhlmfh`fnlti gn bis snrvfmfis gn shbug custis ns gnmfr, nsqun`hs nl gilgn bh pripirmfýl gnb khsti nl shbug gn bis eikhrns rnspnmti gn su mhphmfghg gn phki snh fkuhb phrh tigis y qun pritnchl h bh

piobhmfýl miltrh khstis nxmnsfvis pir `itfvis gn shbug. Gn hmunrgi mil bh I@], bis iocntfvis gn ul sfstn`h gn shbug sn hbmhlzhl `ngfhltn nb gnsn`pnøi gn muhtri julmfilns oèsfmhs3 bh prnsthmfýl gn snrvfmfis, nb jflhlmfh`fnlti gn gfmeis snrvfmfis, bh rnmtiràh gnb sfstn`h y bh knlnrhmfýl gn rnmursis phrh bh shbug. (=)

@NCI_H_ BH ]HB^G GN BH QIOBHMFÝL

IOCNWFZI] GN ^L ]F]WN@H GN ]HB^G KH_HLWFSH_ ]NK^_FGHG JFLHLMFN_H

IJ_NMN_ W_HWI HGNM^HGI H BI] ^]^H_FI]

Junltn3 jfkurh nbhoirhgh siorn bis Iocntfvis gnb sfstn`h gn shbug snkól bh I@], ?115

:6

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

Nbn`nltis gn ul sfstn`h gn shbug ^l sfstn`h gn shbug lnmnsfth pnrsilhb, jilgis, fljir`hmfýl, su`flfstris, trhlspirtn, mi`ulfmhmfilns, irfnlthmfýl y gfrnmmfýl knlnrhbns. Wh`ofæl tfnln qun prnsthr snrvfmfis qun rnspilghl h bhs lnmnsfghgns y snhl nqufthtfvis gnsgn nb pulti gn vfsth jflhlmfnri, hb tfn`pi qun sn gfspnlsh ul trhti gfkli h bis usuhrfis.  usuhrfis.  (=) (=)   Nb jirthbnmf`fnlti gn bis sfstn`hs gn shbug nl nstis nbn`nltis `nlmfilhgis, sfklfjfmh hoirghr bhs bf`fthmfilns prflmfphbns rnbhmfilhghs mil bh githmfýl gn pnrsilhb y bh fljrhnstrumturh shlfthrfh, bis prigumtis gn shbug (mi`i nqufpi y `ngfmh`nltis), bh bikàstfmh, nb usi njfmfnltn y njfmhz gn bis rnmursis, nb snkuf`fnlti gn bis prikrnsis y bh jflhlmfhmfýl njfmhz gnb snmtir. (>)

Wfpibikàh gn bis ]fstn`hs gn ]hbug Zh gn hmunrg hmunrgi i h su3 Qrimngnlmfh gnb jflhlmfh`fnlti.jflhlmfh`fnlti.- (:) (;) (5)  

_nmursis primngnltns gnb nsthgi, gnli`flhgi Khsti Lhmfilhb nl ]hbug, jilgi primngnltn gnb QFO i Qrigumti Fltnrli Oruti, khsti pnrmhpfth pnrmhpfth nl shbug, khsti tithb nl shbug.

 

Miltrfoumfilns h bh snkurfghg simfhb, `ætigi phrh jflhlmfhr bis mistis gn bh htnlmfýl htnlmfýl gn shbug h trhvæs gn ul prikrh`h gn snkurfghg simfhb (`hlghthrfi h trhvæs gn pibàtfmhs kuonrlh`nlthbns) ohshgi nl bh rnmibnmmfýl gn jilgis h phrtfr gn miltrfoumfilns gn flgfvfguis, n`pbnhgirns y hbkulhs vnmns suosfgfis kuonrlh`nlthbns.

 

Hsnkurhgirhs prfvhghs, prfvhghs, h bhs qun hmmngn nb usuhrfi mil sus rnmursis pripfis. Nb  khsti prfvhgi sn rnhbfzh pir bh vàh gn gnsn`oibsi gnb eikhr, qufnl mi`prh snrvfmfis gn shbug. ]il irkhlfzhmfilns li kuonrlh`nlthbns mil y sfl jflns gn bumri.

;1

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

Irkhlfzhmfýl gn bh htnlmfýl snkól s nkól lfvnbns lfvnbns..- (6) Bis lfvnbns sil ulh jir`h irgnlhgh y nstrhtfjfmhgh gn irkhlfzhr bis rnmursis phrh shtfsjhmnr bhs lnmnsfghgns gn bh piobhmfýl  

Qrf`nr lfvnb, ns nb `ès mnrmhli h bh piobhmfýl, i snh nb lfvnb gnb prf`nr milthmti. Nstè ghgi, nl milsnmunlmfh, mi`i bh irkhlfzhmfýl gn bis rnmursis qun pnr`ftn rnsibvnr bhs lnmnsfghgns gn htnlmfýl oèsfmhs y `ès jrnmunltns, qun pungnl snr rnsunbths pir hmtfvfghgns gn pri`imfýl gn shbug, prnvnlmfýl gn bh nljnr`nghg y pir primngf`fnltis gn rnmupnrhmfýl y rnehofbfthmfýl. Ns bh punrth gn nltrhgh hb sfstn`h gn shbug. ]n mhrhmtnrfzh pir milthr mil nsthobnmf`fnltis gn ohch mi`pbncfghg, mi`i milsubtirfis, pibfmbàlfmhs, mnltris gn shbug, ntm. ]n rnsunbvnl hprixf`hgh`nltn 5>% gn bis priobn`hs prnvhbnltns. Nstn lfvnb pnr`ftn ulh hgnmuhgh hmmnsfofbfghg h bh piobhmfýl, pugfnlgi rnhbfzhr ulh htnlmfýl ipirtulh y njfmhz. (81)

 

]nkulgi lfvnb  ,sn uofmhl bis eispfthbns y nsthobnmf`fnltis gilgn sn prnsthl snrvfmfis rnbhmfilhgis h bh htnlmfýl nl `ngfmflh fltnrlh, pngfhtràh, kflnmiiostntrfmfh, mfrukàh knlnrhb, mil primngf`fnltis gn `ngfhlh mi`pbncfghg, ijrnmn trhth`fnlti h bis phmfnltns rnjnrfgis gnb prf`nr lfvnb . ]n nstf`h qun nltrn nb prf`nr y nb snkulgi lfvnb sn pungnl rnsibvnr ehsth 6>% gn priobn`hs gn shbug gn bh piobhmfýl

 

Wnrmnr lfvnb, hkruph h bis eispfthbns gn hbth mi`pbncfghg, pimi prnvhbnltns, phtibikàhs mi`pbnchs qun rnqufnrnl primngf`fnltis nspnmfhbfzhgis y gn hbth tnmlibikàh. ]u è`ofti gn mionrturh gnon snr bh tithbfghg gn ul phàs, i krhl phrtn gn æb. Nl nstn lfvnb sn rnsunbvnl hprixf`hgh`nltn >% gn bis priobn`hs gn shbug qun sn pbhltnnl.

;8

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

WN_MN_ LFZNB 3 Eispfthbns gn hbth mi`pbncfghg

]NK^LGI LFZNB3 Eispfthbns gn `ngfhlh mi`pbncfghg Q_F@N_ LFZNB3 Nsthobnmf`fnltis gn ohch Nsthobnmf`fnltis mi`pbncfghg,milsubtirfis, pibfmbàlfmhs, mnltris gn shbug. Junltn3 jfkurh nbhoirhgh siorn bis Lfvnbns gn sfstn`h gn shbug snkól bh IQ].

Lfvnbns gn htnlmfýl mi`i hspnmti prikrh`ètfmi gn bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug Wrhs bh pibàtfmh gn shbug gnli`flhgh ··]hbu ··]hbug g phrh tigis nl nb høi ?111··, gnjflfgh y hmnpthgh pir bh I@] nl 86;; y pir nb nvnlti gn Hb`h H Hth th gn 86;5, qungý nsthobnmfgi qun phrh bbnvhr h mhoi gfmeh pibàtfmh nrh lnmnshrfh ulh nstrhtnkfh nspnmàjfmh, bh ··Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug··, muyh f`pbn`nlthmfýl gfi irfknl hb surkf`fnlti gn vhrfhs nstrhtnkfhs nltrn bhs qun sn nlmiltrhoh bh lnmnsfghg gn rnjir`hr bh irkhlfzhmfýl gnb sfstn`h gn shbug h ttrhvæs rhvæs gn bh gnjflfmfýl gn bis lfvnbns lf vnbns gn shbug nljimhgis nl bh mi`ulfghg, nl sus lnmnsfghgns y rnmursis. Bis lfvnbns junril irkhlfzhgis pir pbhlis, ti`hlgi nl munlth bh mhphmfghg rnsibutfvh gn bis priobn`hs gn shbug, bh hmmnsfofbfghg, miltflufghg gn htnlmfýl nl shbug y bis rnmursis h snr utfbfzhgis y nb hsnsirh hsnsirh`fnlti. `fnlti. Bh jir`h gn irkhlfzhmfýl gn nstis lfvnbns ti`h th`ofæl nl munlth bhs lnmns lnmnsfghgns fghgns gn bis gfjnrnltns krupis gn piobhmfýl y bhs prfirfghgns bimhbns.

;?

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

_NKFÝL

LFZNB Z EI]QFWHB N]QNMFHBFSHGI

EI]QFWHB OH]N GN MNLW_I] GN ]HB^G ^_OHLI

LFZNB FZ

MNLW_I GN ]HB^G EI]QFWHB

LFZNB FFF

LFZNB FF

Q_IZFLMFH-GNQH_WH@NLWI

MHLWÝL-Q_IZFLMFH

]^OMNLW_I] GN ]HB^G

LFZNB F

QH__IX^FH]-@^LFMFQFI

Q^N]WI] GN ]HB^G

BIMHBFGHG

Junltn3 jfkurh nbhoirhgh siorn bis Lfvnbns gn ]hbug snkól bh I@] 86;;, Hb`h Hth 86;5.

Qóobfmi, prfvhgi (88) (88)  (8?) (8?)    

Qóobfmi h)  ]nkuri póobfmi gn shbug, sn mhrhmtnrfzh pir muorfr hbkulhs i bh tithbfghg gn prnsthmfilns nl shbug shbug h bh pi piobhmfýl obhmfýl qun li munlth mil lflkól tf tfpi pi gn snkuris. ) ]n jflhlmfh mil jilgis gnb Nsthgi gnstflhgis h ]hbug.  o)  ]nkurfghg simfhb nstè mi`punsti pir nb ]nkuri ]imfhb Iobfkhtirfi phrh bhs pnrsilhs pnrtnlnmfnltns hb snmtir gn nmili`àh jir`hb, gn mirti pbhzi (snrvfmfis gn shbug), y nb snkuri gn bhrki pbhzi (qun tfnlnl h su mhrki bhs Hg`flfstrhgirhs gn bis Jilgis gn Qnlsfilns)   sn jflhlmfh mil mitfzhmfilns y prf`hs hpirthghs pir bis n`pbnhgirns y bis trhohchgirns gnb snmtir jir`hb y mil rnmursis gnb Nsthgi, muhlgi æstn julmfilh mi`i n`pbnhgir (pnrsilhb

gn

ngumhmfýl,

shbug,

gnsmnltrhbfzhghs/gnsmilmnltrhghs

n`prnshs y

póobfmhs,

`flfstnrfis)

y

flstftumfilns munlth

mil

nsthobnmf`fnltis y pnrsilhb pripfis.   

Qrfvhgi, snrvfmfis gn shbug hb qun hmmngn bh piobhmfýl gn jir`h phrtfmubhr i prfvhgh y muyis phkis surknl gfrnmth`nltn gnb oibsfbbi gnb phmfnltn.   Nb snmtir prfvhgi sn

;=

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

gfvfgn nl irkhlfzhmfilns mil jflns gn bumri (snkuris y snrvfmfis prfvhgis, milsubtirfis, mbàlfmhs) y irkhlfzhmfilns sfl jflns gn bumri (ILK n Fkbnsfh).

_NM^_]I] GNB N]WHGI3 QFO, KW],  QN_MHQFWH 

QÓOBFMI

Q_FZHGI

]NK^_I QÓOBFMI GN ]HB^G

I_KHLFSHMFILN] MIL JFLN] GN B^M_I Gnsn`oibsi gnb eikhr 

HQI_WN GN BI] N@QBNHGI_ N]

]NK^_FGHG ]IMFHB

I_KHLFSHMFILN] ]FL JFLN] GN B^M_I

Junltn3 jfkurh nbhoirhgh siorn

@ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb nl bis sfstn`hs gn shbug H lfvnb fltnrlhmfilhb bh tnlgnlmfh nl shbug nstè nljimhgh nl bh vhbirfzhmfýl gn bis milimf`fnltis gn bh `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb y nl su hrtfmubhmfýl mil bh ofi`ngfmflh. Bh Irkhlfzhmfýl @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug (I@]) milsfgnrh f`pirthltn nb rib qun pungn mu`pbfr bh `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb nl bh htnlmfýl prf`hrfh gn bh shbug y mrnn qun bh mi`oflhmfýl gn æsth mil bh `ngfmflh ofi`ægfmh snràh fgnhb phrh hprivnmehr bi `ncir gn mhgh ulh y mi`pnlshr sus gnjfmfnlmfhs, hulqun nbbi f`pbfqun rnhbfzhr hmmfilns nl gfjnrnltns è`oftis y ti`hr gnmfsfilns lir`htfvhs. Bh `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb pungn mu`pbfr ul rib f`pirthltn nl bh htnlmfýl gn bh piobhmfýl sfl bbnkhr h supbfr nb hmmnsi h `ngfmh`nltis `ignrlis lf h bhs `ngfghs gn urknlmfh lnmnshrfhs phrh pritnknr bh shbug gn bh piobhmfýl. Qir nbbi, thlti bh Irkhlfzhmfýl @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug (I@]) mi`i bh Irkhlfzhmfýl Qhlh`nrfmhlh gn bh ]hbug (IQ]) f`pubshril hmmfilns gn hpiyi y pri`imfýl gn pibàtfmhs gfrfkfghs h nxpnrf`nlthr

;7

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

jir`hs gfstflths gn hrtfmubhmfýl gn bhs `ngfmflhs, nljimhghs prf`irgfhb`nltn nl bh htnlmfýl prf`hrfh gn bh shbug. Mi`i jir`h gn rnspilgnr h nsth lnmnsfghg nvnltis mi`i bh Gnmbhrhmfýl Gnmbhrhmfýl gn Hb`h Hth nl nb pulti FZ y ZFF sn pungn vnr bh rnbhmfýl mil bh lnmns lnmnsfghg fghg gn ti` ti`hr hr nl munlth nb hspnmti simfimubturhb gn bh piobhmfýl piobhmfýl qun vh gn bh ` `hli hli mil bh hpb hpbfmhmfýl fmhmfýl gn bh `ngfmflh trh trhgfmfilhb, gfmfilhb, ehmn rnjnrnlmfh h bh lnmnsfghgns gn ehmnr phrtàmfpns hb punobi nl bh pbhlfjfmhmfýl y hpbfmhmfýl gn bh htnlmfýl htnlmfýl gn su shbug4 bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hr Qrf`hrfh fh gn ]hb ]hbug ug   ns h bh vnz ul rnjbnci y ulh milsnmunlmfh gn bhs milgfmfilns nmilý`fmhs y gn bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs simfimubturhbns y pibàtfmhs gnb phàs y gn sus mi`ulfghgns. (8) Bh I@], nl ?11? nsthobnmn bhs  ··Nstrhtnkfh gn bh I@] siorn `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb ?11?-?11>·· pbhltnh 7 iocntfvis3 (8=) 

  Fltnkrhr bis hspnmtis pnrtflnltns gn bh `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb nl bis sfstn`hs

lhmfilhbns gn htnlmfýl gn shbug jir`ubhlgi pibàtfmhs lhmfilhbns siorn `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb y prikrh`hs gn hpbfmhmfýl. 

  Ji`nlthr bh snkurfghg, bh njfmhmfh y bh mhbfghg gn bh prèmtfmh gn bh `ngfmflh

trhgfmfilhb jhmfbfthlgi irfnlthmfýl siorn bis phtrilns gn rnkbh`nlthmfýl y gn khrhltàh gn mhbfghg.   Flmrn`nlthr nb hmmnsi y bh hsnqufofbfghg gn bh `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb.



  Qri`ivnr nb usi rhmfilhb gn bh `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb.



Bh I@] nb høi ?18=, hmtuhbfzý bis iocntfvis gnb prikrh` prikrh`hh gn `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb  h trhvæs gn bh ··Nstrhtnkfh gn bh I@] siorn `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb ?187-?1?= ?187- ?1?= ··  nsthobnmfælgisn muhtri iocntfvis oèsfmis siorn bh ohsn gn bis iocntfvis gnb ?11? ` `ncir ncir nstrumturhghs.   Qibàtfmh3 Fltnkrhr bh `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb nl bis sfstn`hs lhmfilhbns gn shbug



`ngfhltn nb gnshrribbi y bh hpbfmhmfýl gn pibàtfmhs y prikrh`hs lhmfilhbns siorn `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb.   ]nkurfghg, njfmhmfh y mhbfghg3 Qri`ivnr bh snkurfghg, njfmhmfh y mhbfghg gn bh



`ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb `ngfhltn bh h`pbfhmfýl gn bh ohsn gn milimf`fnltis y bh

;>

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

prnsthmfýl gn hsnsirh`fnlti siorn lir`hs rnkbh`nlthrfhs y gn khrhltàh gn bh mhbfghg.   Hmmnsi3 @ncirhr bh gfspilfofbfghg y hsnqufofbfghg gn bh `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb, y



nspnmfhb`nltn nb hmmnsi gn bhs pnrsilhs piorns.   ^si rhmfilhb3 Qri`ivnr nb usi tnrhpæutfmi rhmfilhb gn bh b h `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb nltrn



bis prijnsfilhbns y bis usuhrfis.

•@ngfhltn bh h`pbfhmfýl gn

•Gnshrribbi y hpbfmhmfýl gn

milimf`f milim f`fnlt nltis is y bh prn prnsth sthmfý mfýl l gn hs hsns nsir irhh`f `fnl nlti ti `ng ngfh fhlt ltn n lir` li r`hhs rn rnkb kbhh`n `nl lthr hrfh fhss y gn khrhlt khr hltàh àh gn bh mhb mhbfgh fghg. g.

pibàtfmhs y prikrh`hs lhmfilhbns siorn `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb.

QIBÀWFMH

]NK^_FGHG, NJFMHMFH V MHBFGHG

IOCNWFZI] GN BH @NGFMFLH W_HGFMFILHB NL NB ]F]WN@H GN ]HB^G

^]I _HMFILHB • ^si tnrhpæutfmi rhmfilhb

gn bh `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb nltrn bis prijnsfilhbns y bis usuhrfis.

HMMN]I •Gfspilfofbfghg y

hsnqufofbfghg gn bh `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb, nspnmfhb`nltn nb hmmnsi gn bhs pnrsilhs piorns. piorns.

Junltn3 jfkurh nbhoirhgh siorn Nstrhtnkfh gn bh I@] siorn `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb ?187-?1?=.

Jrnltn h nsti ns lnmnshrfi tnlnr mbhri qun ns bh `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb, pir bi thlti bh gnjflfmfýl qun gh bh I@] ns mi`i nb milculti gn milimf`fnltis, hptftugns y prèmtfmhs ohshgis nl tniràhs, mrnnlmfhs y nxpnrfnlmfhs flgàknlhs gn bhs gfjnrnltns gf jnrnltns mubturhs, snhl i li nxpbfmhobns, ushgis phrh nb `hltnlf`fnlti gn bh shbug, hsà mi`i phrh bh prnvnlmfýl, nb gfhklýstfmi, bh `ncirh i nb trhth`fnlti gn nljnr`nghgns jàsfmhs i `nlthbns. (88)

;:

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

Hgnmuhmfýl mubturhb gn bis snrvfmfis gn shbug Bh hgnmuhmfýl mubturhb, milsfstn nl hghpthr bis primngf`fnltis tæmlfmis gn bh fltnrvnlmfýl nl shbug h bhs milmnpmfilns, hmtftugns y prèmtfmhs gn bhs mi`ulfghgns mubturhb`nltn gfvnrshs, gn `igi qun bhs htnlmfilns orflghghs snhl `ès jh`fbfhrns h sus mistu`orns y trhgfmfilns pripfhs. Qhrh nsti sn rnqufnrn milcukhr bis nbn`nltis mubturhbns gn bis usuhrfis mil bis gfstfltis nbn`nltis jàsfmis y gfsnøis hrquftnmtýlfmis prnsnltns nl bis snrvfmfis. Gn nsth `hlnrh, nl nb usuhrfi sn knlnrh ul mbf`h gn miljfhlzh hb vnrsn rnjbnchgi n fgnltfjfmhgi nl bis gfstfltis primngf`fnltis gn bhs prnsthmfilns y nl bis `fs`is snrvfmfis gn shbug h bis muhbns hmugn. (87) Bh hgnmuhmfýl mubturhb mubturhb pri`unvn mh` mh`ofis ofis gn mi`pi mi`pirth`fnlti rth`fnlti gnb pnrsilhb gn shbug, mh`ofis nl bis pripfis snrvfmfis y nl bhs prnsthmfilns4 pnri th`ofæl nl bis nstfbis gn vfgh gn bhs pnrsilhs, bhs jh`fbfhs y bhs mi`ulfghgns, milsfgnrhlgi hspnmtis rnbhmfilhgis mil bh mubturh, trhgfmfýl, fgfi`h y milimf`fnltis hlmnstrhbns gn bis usuhrfis gn bis snrvfmfis gn htnlmfýl. Bh hgnmuhmfýl mubturhb ji`nlth, gn fkuhb `igi, bh milstrummfýl gn ulh mubturh gn shbug ohshgh nl bh sibfghrfghg, rnspnti, rnmfprimfghg y mi`pbn`nlthrfnghg4 ns gnmfr, nl nb trhohci gn vhbirns y prflmfpfis lnmnshrfis phrh nb gnshrribbi y nb fltnr rnbhmfilh`fnlti gn bis snrns eu`hlis. (8>) (8:) ]u f`pbn`nlthmfýl rnqufnrn gn3   Fljrhnstrumturh hgnmuhgh, gn hmunrgi hb è`ofti knikrèjfmi y gýlgn su piobhmfýl



onlnjfmfhrfh snh nl su `hyiràh flgàknlh irfkflhrfi.   Qrnsthmfilns qun orflgn, gn hmunrgi h bhs nspnmfhbfghgns `ægfmhs trhgfmfilhbns qun



nxfsthl mi`i phrti fltnrmubturhb, hjnmmfilns nspfrftuhbns mi`i nb susti, enroibhrfh.   Qnrsilhb h mhrki, qun vh gnsgn nb pnrsilhb `ægfmi trhgfmfilhb gnb bukhr gn hmunrgi



h bh nspnmfhbfghg qun tnlkh mi`i phrtnris, lhturfsths, eunsnris, kuàhs nspfrftuhbns. Wh`ofæl ns lnmnshrfi bh phrtfmfphmfýl phrtfmfphmfýl gnb pnrsilhb qufnl gnon flvi flvibumrhrsn bumrhrsn nl nb miltnxti mubturhb gn bh piobhmfýl.   ]fstn`hs gn fljir`hmfýl qun pri`unvh bh ijnrth gn snrvfmfis.



;;

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

]fstn`hs y snrvfmfis gn shbug nl Oibfvfh (88) Oibfvfh munlth mil ul ]fstn`h Ólfmi gn ]hbug, nl bh muhb mu hb nb nsthgi gnon khrhltfzhr nb hmmnsi ulfvnrshb, nqufthtfvi, ipirtuli y krhtufti h bh htnlmfýl fltnkrhb nl shbug gn bh piobhmfýl oibfvfhlh, ohci nb `ignbi gn ]hbug Jh`fbfhr Mi`ulfthrfi Fltnrmubturhb. Ns gn mhrèmtnr ulfvnrshb, krhtufti, nqufthtfvi, fltrhmubturhb, fltnrmubturhb y phrtfmfphtfvi. Nb sfstn`h gn shbug nl Oibfvfh, nstè mi`punsti pir ul snmtir póobfmi y ul snmtir prfvhgi. Nb snmtir póobfmi mi`prnlgn hb @flfstnrfi gn ]hbug (_nprnsnlthgi (_ nprnsnlthgi pir nb @flfstnrfi gn ]hbug, ]NGN], @ulfmfpfis @ulfmfpfis y nsthobnmf`fnltis gn shbug) shbug) y bh snk snkurfghg urfghg ssimfhb imfhb (Mhchs gn ]hbu ]hbug, g, ]nkuris ulfvnrsfthrfis) Nb snmtir prfvhgi, nstè milstftufgi pir mi`phøàhs gn snkuris y privnngirns gn snrvfmfis gn shbug prfvhgis mil y sfl jflns gn bumri Nb suosnmtir gn `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb, rnprnsnlthgi ijfmfhb`nltn gnsgn nb : gn `hrzi gn ?11: pir nb Zfmn`flfstnrfi Zf mn`flfstnrfi gn @ngfmflh Wrhgfmfilhb n Fltnrmubturhbfghg, hpiyhgi ohci bh bny gn `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb , hlmnstrhb hlmnstrhb L³ 7>6 y bh Milstftumfýl pibàtfmh gnb ns nsthgi thgi Qburflhmfilhb gn Oibfvfh, nsthobnmnl bh hpbfmhmfýl gn bh @ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb nl`hrmhgi nl bh Qibàtfmh gn ]hbug Jh`fbfhr Mi`ulfthrfh, rnspnthlgi bis usis y mistu`orns gn bhs pnrsilhs, rnvhbirfzhlgi bis milimf`fnltis hlmnstrhbns, bh hgnmuhm hgnmuhmfýl fýl gn bis snrvfmfis gn shbu shbug gn flmbusfýl gn bis `ægfmis ttrhgfmfilhbns rhgfmfilhbns nnl l nb sfstn`h gn shbug, bh lnmnsfghg gn hrtfmubhr bh `ngfmflh trhgfmfilhb mil bh `ngfmflh hmhgæ`fmh, ji`nlthr bh flvnstfkhmfýl. (8;) (85) (86) Qir óbtf`i nb julmfilh`fnlti gnb sfstn`h gn ]hbug nl Oibfvfh sn gh nl trns lfvnbns, prf`nr lfvnb, snkulgi lfvnb, tnrmnr lfvnb.

;5

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

Ofobfikrhjàh 8. ]hbug IQg. Gnmbhrhmfil gn Hb`h Hth. TIlbflnP.4 86;5 Tmftng ?1?1 gfmfn`orn ?:. Hvhfbhobn jri`3 ettps3//www.phei.irk/eq/g`gimu`n lts/?18?/Hb`h-Hth-86;5Gnmbhrhmfil.pgj  gj .  ettps3//www.phei.irk/eq/g`gimu`nlts/?18?/Hb`h-Hth-86;5Gnmbhrhmfil.p ?. drinknr H, Bulh _. Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug. ]nkulgh ng. ^]H3 Irkhlfzhmfýl Qhlh`nrfmhlh gn ]hbug y Ngftirfh Qhx @nxfmi4 866?. =. ]hbug I@gb. Htnlmfil Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug, `hs lnmnshrfh qun lulmh Qrnltfmn W, ngftir. Kflnorh3 Irkhlfzhmfýl @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug4 ?115. 7. Nsphøibh _HgbB. Gfmmfilhrfh gn bh Bnlkuh Nsphøibh. TIlbflnP.4 ?118 Tmftng ?1?1 gfmfn`orn ?>. Hvhfbhobn jri`3  jri`3 ettps3//www.rhn.ns/grhn?118/sfstn`h. ettps3//www.rhn.ns/grhn?118/sfstn`h.  >. ]hbug IQgb. _nlivhmfil gn bh Htnlmfil Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug nl bhs H`nrfmhs,]fstn`hs gn shbug ohshgis nl bh Htnlmfýl Qrf`hrfh gn ]hbug3 Nstrhtnkfhs phrh nb gnshrribbi gn bis nqufpis gn HQ]‐ [hsefltil4 ?115.  :. ]hbug I@gb. ]nkuri ]imfhb gn bh Nljnr`nghg,Jflhlmfhmfýl sistnlfobn gn bh shbug, mionrturh ulfvnrshb y snkuri simfhb gn nljnr`nghg. Fljir`n gn snmrnthrfh,Jflhlmfhm snmrnthrfh,Jflhlmfhmfýl fýl sistnlfobn gn bh shbug, mionrturh ulfvnrshb y snkuri simfhb gn nljnr`nghg. Irkhlfzhmfil @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug4 ?11>. ;. @ibflh _hub , Qflti @, Enlgnrsil Q, Zfnfrh M. Khsti y jflhlmfh`fnlti nl shbug3 sftuhmfýl y tnlgnlmfhs. tnlgnlmfh s. _nvfsth Qhlh`nrfmhlh gn ]hbug Qóobfmh. ?111. 5. ]hbug I@gb. ]hbug phrh tigis nl nb høi ?111.. 6. Zfklibi C, Zhmhrnzzh @, Èbvhrnz M, ]ish H. Lfvnbns gn htnlmfýl, gn prnvnlmfýl y htnlmfýl prf`hrfh gn bh shbug. ]mfnbi ^rukuhy. ?188 Horfb4 ==(8)3 p. ;-88. 81. Kbirfh @. Qbhlfjfmhmfýl gn bh rng hsfstnlmfhb gn H]]N @flfstnrfi gn ]hbug Qóobfmh Hgb]g]gN, ngftir. ^rukuhy4 ?11?. 88. Bngi M, ]irfh _. ]hbug Qóobfmh gn @nxfmi. TIlbflnP. @nxfmi4 ?188 Tmftng ?1?1 gfmfn`orn ?:. x.pep/sp`/hrtfmbn/vfnw/>1== /vfnw/>1==..  Hvhfbhobn jri`3  jri`3 ettps3//www.shbugpuobfmh.`x/flgn ettps3//www.shbugpuobfmh.`x/flgnx.pep/sp`/hrtfmbn 8?. Wnrrfs @. Wrns sfstn`hs `ulgfhbns gn htnlmfýl @ægfmh Hltfiqufh4 8658. 8=. ]hbug I@gb. Irkhlfzhmfýl @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug,>: Hsh`obnh `ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug, @ngfmflh Wrhgfmfilhb. TIlbflnP.4 ?11= Tmftng ?1?8 gfmfn`orn ?7. Hvhfbhobn jri`3 ettps3//hpps.wei.flt/ko/hrmefvn/pgjYjfbns/[E ettps3//hpps.wei.flt/ko/hrmefvn /pgjYjfbns/[EH>:/sh>:85.pgj  H>:/sh>:85.pgj .  87. Ohlmi Fltnrh`nrfmhli gn Gnshrribbi @g]QgN. Kuàh phrh bh hgnmuhmfýl hg nmuhmfýl mubturhb gn bis snrvfmfis gn shbug..

;6

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

8>. @ngflh Fohønz. Kufh phrh bh hgnmuhmfýl mubturhb gn snrvfmfis. Miipn Miipnrhmfil rhmfil tæmlfmh gn hpiyi h bh prnphrhmfýl gnb prikrh`h gn hsnkurh`fnlti ulfvnrshb nl shbug (Q_I-H^]). ?11:.. 8:. ]hbug I@gb. Nstrhtnkfhs gn bh I@] siorn bh @ngfmflh Wrhgfmfilhb ?187-?1?= ]hbug I@gb, ngftir. Eilk Dilk3 Irkhlfzhmfýl @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug4 ?18=. 8;. Qburflhmfilhb HB. Gnmrnti ?6:18. ?115 Culfi 88.. 85. Qburflhmfilhb HB. Milstftumfil Qibftfmh gnb Nsthgi Qburflhmfilhb. ?116.. 86. Qburflhmfilhb HB. Bny L³ 7>6 gn @ngfmflh Wrhgfmfilhb Hlmnstrhb Oibfvfhlh. ?18= gfmfn`orn 86.. ?1. ]hbug IQgb. FLJI_@N GN BH _N^LFÝL GN BI] @FLF]W_I] GN ]HB^G V GN @NGFI H@OFNLWN GN BH] H@Æ_FMH] (@]@HH). ?:± Miljnrnlmfh ]hlfthrfh Qhlh`nrfmhlh. [hseflktil3 Irkhlfzhmfýl Qhlh`nrfmhlh Qhlh`nrfmhlh gn bh ]hbug4 ?11?. ? 11?. ?8. Oibfvfh HMg. Milstftumfýl Qibàtfmh gnb gnb Nsthgi pburflhmfilhb gn Oibfvfh Nb Hbti4 ?116. ??. ]hbug I@gb. Irkhlfzhmfil @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug. TIlbflnP.4 ?18; Tmftng ?1?8 gfmfn`orn ?>. Hvhfbhobn jri`3  jri`3 ettps3//www.wei.flt/tipfms/trhgftfilh ettps3//www.wei.flt/tipfms/trhgftfilhbY`ngfmfln/ bY`ngfmfln/gnjflftfils/ns/ gnjflftfils/ns/.. 

51

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

LI_@H] GN OFI]NK^_FGHG IOCNWFZI] 8. 8. Milimnl  Milimnl bis hltnmngnltns gn bhs lir`hs gn Ofisnkurfghg ?. Gnsmrfonl bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs gn Ofisnkurfghg =. =. Fgnltfjfmhl  Fgnltfjfmhl bis mi`pilnltns gn bhs lir`hs gn ofisnkurfghg 7. 7. _nbhmfilhl  _nbhmfilhl bhs lir`hs gn ofisnkurfghg mil nb MIZFG-86 >. Hsimfhl bh tnr`flibikàh rnbhmfilhgh h bhs lir`hs gn ofisnkurfghg

Hltnmngnltns Bh efstirfh gurhltn tigi nstn tfn`pi lis eh gn`istrhgi qun bis bhoirhtirfis sn ehl milstftufgi nl ul `ngfi i junltn gn fljnmmfýl. Hpiyhgh gn fljir`ns puobfmhgis h jflhbns gnb sfkbi UU gn`istrhril qun bis mhsis mi`i Wfjifgnh, Mýbnrh, Orumnbisfs, tæthlis junril hgqufrfgis nl bhoirhtirfis. (8) Iorhs mi`i bh ·· Nb Milthkfi·· nsmrfth pir, Kfribh`i Jrhmhstiri nl 8>7: flfmfý bh pibæ`fmh siorn bhs rnpnrmusfilns gn bhs fljnmmfilns milthkfishs. Biufs Qhstnur, h trhvæs gn su iorh ··Wni ··Wniràh ràh knr`flhb gn bhs nljnr`nghgns ffljnmmfishs·· ljnmmfishs·· nsthobnmfý bis `ngfis qun bis `fmriirkhlfs`is pisnnl phrh imhsfilhr ulh nljnr`nghg. Nl 85:> nb Ohrýl Cisnpe Bfstnr, mrnh bhs lir`hs phrh trhohchr nl qufrýjhli qufrýjhli,, ` `ngfhltn ngfhltn bh hpbfmhmfýl gn tæmlfmhs hltfsæptfmhs y nb usi gnb èmfgi mhroýbfmi mi`i gnsfljnmthltn. (?) Nl 8678, @nynr y Nggfn puobfmhril ul nstugfi gn ;7 fljnmmfilns gn bhoirhtirfi mil orumnbisfs qun sn ehoàhl prigumfgi nl bis Nsthgis ^lfgis, y milmbuynril qun bh ‒`hlfpubhmfýl gn mubtfvis i nspnmà`nlns i bh flehbhmfýl gn pibvi mil miltnlfgi gn

irkhlfs`is gn Orómnbh, O rómnbh, milstftuyn ul pnbfkri fl`flnltn phrh qufnlns trhohchl nl bis bhoirhtirfis‐. bhoirhti rfis‐. Htrfouynlgi Htrfouyn lgi h hbkulis mhsis mi`i gnsmufgi i h `hbhs tæmlfmhs tæ mlfmhs nl bh

`hlfpubhmfýl gn `htnrfhbns fljnmmfisis. H `ngfhgis gnb sfkbi UU, nl bis Nsthgis ^lfgis sn fltriguci bhs li r`hs gn ofisnkurfghg phrh bh hgnmuhgh bhoir nl nb bhoirhtirfi4 nl 8678, sn rnhbfzý nb prf`nr nstugfi gn mhsis gn

58

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

fljnmmfilns pir prèmtfmhs bhoirhbns. Nl 86;5, Qfdn y ]ubdfl nsthobnmnl qun nb vnfltn pir mfnlti gn bis mhsis gn nstugfi fljnmthgis nstuvfnril hsimfhgis mil hmmfgnltns bhoirhbns y nb itri imenlth pir mfnlti sn htrfouyn h flgfvfguis qun trhohchl nl milthmti gfrnmti mil nb hknltn nl munstfýl. (?) Nl bh gæmhgh gn bis imenlth sn milmnltrh bh htnlmfýl nl bh snkurfghg gnb pnrsilhb gn shbug pir nb oritn gn bh Wuonrmubisfs y bh hphrfmfýl gnb ]àlgri`n gn fl`ulignjfmfnlmfh hgqufrfgh4 h lfvnb `ulgfhb, bhs fljnmmfilns imuphmfilhbns mi`i nb vfrus gn fl`ulignjfmfnlmfh eu`hlh imurrfnril nl prijnsfilhbns gn bhoirhtirfi4 pir milsfkufnltn, sil milsfgnrhgis pripnlsis ehsth gfnz vnmns `ès phrh fljnmthrsn pir hbkól phtýknli qun bh piobhmfýl nl knlnrhb. knlnrhb.  (?) Bh Irkhlfzhmfýl @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug (I@]) rnmilimn qun bh snkurfghg y, nl phrtfmubhr, bh snkurfghg ofibýkfmh sil f`pirthltns munstfilns gn fltnræs fltnrlhmfilhb jrnltn h nstn priobn`h nl 865= puobfmý bh prf`nrh ngfmfýl gnb @hluhb gn ofisnkurfghg nl nb bhoirhtirfi. Gimu`nlti qun hbnlthoh h bis phàsns h hmnpthr y hpbfmhr milmnptis oèsfmis nl `htnrfh gn snkurfghg ofibýkfmh y h nbhoirhr mýgfkis lhmfilhbns gn prèmtfmhs phrh bh `hlfpubhmfýl sfl rfnski gn `fmriirkhlfs`is phtýknlis nl bis bhoirhtirfis qun sn nlmunltrhl gnltri gn sus jriltnrhs lhmfilhbns. Nl 866= sn puobfmý ulh snkulgh ngfmfýl gnb `hluhb y nl 866; surkn bh tnrmnrh ngfmfýl. (=) Nb ?> gn `hyi gn ?11>, bh >5 Hsh`obnh @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug hprioý bh _nsibumfýl [EH>5.?6, Nlehlmn`nlt ij Bhoirhtiry Ofishjnty (_njirzh`fnlti gn bh ofisnkurfghg nl nb bhoirhtirfi) hltn bh sftuhmfýl gn n`nrknlmfh mrnhgh pir bis rfnskis gn phlgn`fh gn krfpn hvfhr y itrhs nljnr`nghgns mil pitnlmfhb npfgæ`fmi, bh IQ] hpiyh bh hgipmfýl gn nsth rnsibumfýl nl bh _nkfýl gn bhs H`ærfmhs. Milsfgnrhlgi qun bh ofisnkurfghg jir`h phrtn gn bis nbn`nltis nsnlmfhbns gnb sfstn`h gn knstfýl gn bh mhbfghg y qun bh vublnrhofbfghg gn bh mi`ulfghg hltn bh gfjusfýl lhturhb, hmmfgnlthb i fltnlmfilhb gn bis hknltns ofibýkfmis gn hbti rfnski phrh bh shbug (snrns eu`hlis y hlf`hbns) y nb `ngfi h`ofnltn. (7) ^l hspnmti f`pirthltn h ti`hr nl munlth gnltri gn bh ofisnkurfghg ns nb biki i sfkli ulfvnrshb gn mibir lhrhlch ricfzi jbuirnsmnltn, n`pbnhgi nl flgustrfhs mi`i bhoirhtirfis, snrvfmfis gn shbug, muyi sfklfjfmhgi rnprnsnlth nsthr hltn bh prnsnlmfh gn ul rfnski ofibýkfmi

5?

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

y qun sn gnon ti`hr bhs prnmhumfilns lnmnshrfhs gn hmunrgi hb tfpi gn rfnski, nb biki jun gfsnøhgi pir Mehrbns B. Ohbgwfl nl 86:; y puobfmhgh nl bh rnvfsth ]mfnlmn. (>) Milimfnlgi bis hltnmngnltns y nb primnsi qun milguci hb surkf`fnlti h Ofisnkurfghg, phsh`is h rnvfshr su gnjflfmfýl, sus prflmfpfis y bh tnr`flibikàh rnbhmfilhgh h Ofisnkurfghg y su rnbhmfýl mil nb Mivfg -86.

Gnjflfmfýl Nb irfknl gnb tær`fli Ofis Ofisnkurfghg nkurfghg surkn gnb vimhobi flkbns Ofisnmurfty Ofisnmurfty,, nb muhb sn flt fltnrprnth nrprnth nl gis snltfgis qun sil vfgh y snkurfghg, qun fltnrhmtóhl nl nb `igi gn snkurfghg y pritnmmfýl h bh vfgh, bh itrh `hlnrh gn fltnrprnthr qun sn pbhltnh ns `ès bf`fthgh y sn mi`prunoh nl nb snltfgi gn snkurfg snkurfghg hg y prit pritnmmfýl nmmfýl hltn bh nxpisfmfýl h hknltns ofibýkfmis. (:) (8) Bh ofisnkurfghg, sn gnjfln mi`i nb milculti gn `ngfghs prnvnltfvhs, gnstflhghs h `hltnlnr nb miltrib gn jhmtirns gn rfnski bhoirhbns primngnltns gn hknltns ofibýkfmis, jàsfmis i quà`fmis, bikrhlgi bh prnvnlmfýl gn f`phmtis limfvis, hsnkurhlgi qun nb gnshrribbi i prigumti jflhb gn gfmeis primngf`fnltis li htnltnl miltrh bh shbug y snkurfghg snkurf ghg gn trhohchgirns gn bh shbug, phmfnltns, vfsfthltns y nb `ngfi h`ofnltn. (=) Bh ofisnkurfghg ns ul mi`pilnltn vfthb gnb sfstn`h gn khrhltàh gn bh mhbfghg, gnon milstftufrsn nl prflmfpfi oèsfmi nlmh`flhgi h bikrhr hmtftugns

y

milgumths

qun

gfs`fluyhl nb rfnski gnb trhohch trhohchgir gir gn hgqufrfr fljnmmfilns nl nb `ngfi bhoirhb. (;)

Qrflmfpfis gn Ofisnkurfghg (?) Bh ofisnkurfghg sn ohsh nl trns prflmfpfis nsnlmfhbns3 nsnl mfhbns3 8.  ^lfvnrshbfghg3 Bh prnvnlmfýl flmbuyn h tigis bis phmfnltns gn bh `hsh bhoirhb, nb pnrsilhb gnon snkufr bhs prnmhumfilns trhgfmfilhbns phrh nvfthr bh nxpisfmfýl gn pfnb y `umishs hb milthmti mil shlkrn i muhbqufnr itri jbufgi mirpirhb gnb phmfnltn. Wigi nb pnrsilhb gnon mu`pbfr bhs prnmhumfilns nstèlghrns rutflhrfh`nltn phrh prnvnlfr bh nxpisfmfýl qun pungh ghr irfknl h nljnr`nghgns y /i hmmfgnltns. ?.  ^si gn ohrrnrhs gn pritnmmfýl3 Nb n`pbni gn `htnrfhbns hgnmuhgis qun sn fltnrpilkhl hb milthmti gfrnmti h shlkrn y jbufgis irkèlfmis pitnlmfhb`nltn

5=

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

milth`flhltns4 pir ncn`pbi3 bis kuhltns li nvfthl bis hmmfgnltns, pnri gfs`fluynl sus milsnmunlmfhs. Mi`prn Mi`prnlgn lgn nb milmnpti gn nvfthr bh nxpis nxpisfmfýl fmfýl gfrnmth h sh shlkrn lkrn y h itris jbufgis irkèlfmis pitnlmfhb`nltn milth`flhltns `ngfhltn bh utfbfzhmfýl gn `htnrfhbns hgnmuhgis qun sn fltnrpilkhl hb milthmti gn bis `fs`is. =.  @ngfis gn nbf`flhmfýl gnb `htnrfhb milth`flhgi3 Nb `htnrfhb utfbfzhgi nl bh htnlmfýl gn phmfnltns, ns gnpisfthgi y nbf`flhgi sfl rfnski nl nqufpis h trhvæs gn `ngfis hpripfhgis. Mi`prnlgn nb milculti gn gfspisftfvis y primngf`fnltis hgnmuhgis, h trhvæs gn bis muhbns bis `htnrfhbns utfbfzhgis nl bh htnlmfýl h phmfnltns, sil gnpisfthgis y nbf`flhgis sfl rfnski.

^LFZN_]HBFGHG

Q_FLMFQFI] GN OFI]NK^_FGHG

@NGFI] GN NBF@FLHMFÝL GNB @HWN_FHB MILWH@FLHGI

^]I GN OH__N_H] GN Q_IWNMMFÝL

Nstn milculti gn prflmfpfis rnqufnrn gn trns nbn`nltis nbn`n ltis oèsfmis phrh su mu`pbf`fnlti3 8.  Nb snkuf`fnlti gn bhs hgnmuhghs tæmlfmhs, primngf`fnltis i lir`hs gn trhohci.

57

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

?.  Bh miltnlmfýl i hfsbh`fnlti jàsfmi gnb hknltn phtýknli `ngfhltn bh utfbfzhmfýl gn nqufpis gn hfsbh`fnlti i snkurfghg (miltnlmfýl prf`hrfh) y `ngfhltn nb hgnmuhgi gfsnøi y milstrummfýl gn bhs flsthbhmfilns gnb bukhr gn trhohci (miltnlmfýl snmulghrfh). =.  Bh jir`hmfýl y mhphmfthmfýl gnb pnrsilhb nl nb snkuf`fnlti gn bhs hgnmuhghs prèmtfmhs i lir`hs gn trhohci y nl nb mirrnmti usi y `hltnlf`fnlti gn bis nqufpis y gn bh flsthbhmfýl.

Lfvnbns gn Ofisnkurfghg ]il milgfmfilns ohci bhs muhbns bis hknltns ofibýkfmis pungnl mi`ól`nltn `hlfpubhrsn gn jir`h snkurh. (=)  (=)   

Lfvnb 8, mnltri gn nlsnøhlzh oèsfmh n flvnstfkhmfýl, li rnqufnrn nqufpi gn ofisnkurfghg, shbvi ulh pfbnth phrh bhvhgi gn `hlis.

 

Lfvnb ?, ]nrvfmfis gn htnlmfýl prf`hrfh, gfhklistfmi n flvnstfkhmfýl, rnqufnrnl nqufpi gn pritnmmfýl oèsfmh.

 

Lfvnb =, ]nrvfmfis gn gfhklýstfmi nspnmfhb flvnstfkhmfýl, rnqufnrn gn nqufpi nspnmfhb

 

Lfvnb 7, ulfghgns gn phtýknlis pnbfkrisis, rnqufnrn gn nqufpi nspnmfhb, shbfgh mil gumeh u nbf`flhmfýl nspnmfhb gn rnsfguis.

Ofisnkurfghg y _fnski Bis hknltns ofibýkfmis sn mbhsfjfmhl nl 7 krupis gn rfnski3 (=)  

Krupi gn rfnski 83 Hknltns ofibýkfmis li hsimfhgis mil nljnr`nghgns nl eu`hlis shbughobns lf nl hlf`hbns, mil ohci rfnski phrh nb flgfvfgui f lgfvfgui i bh mi`ulfghg.

 

Krupi gn rfnski ?3 Hknltns mil pisfobn nljnr`nghg eu`hlh rhrh`nltn snrfhs, nb rfnski gn gfsn`flhmfýl gn bh fljnmmfýl ns `ignrhgi phrh nb flgfvfgui y ohci phrh bh mi`ulfghg, nxfstnl `ngfghs tnrhpæutfmhs prnvnltfvhs gfspilfobns.

 

Krupi gn rfnski =3 Hknltns hsimfhgis mil nljnr`nghgns eu`hlhs bnthbns, nb milthkfi nltrn flgfvfguis fljnmthgis ns pimi mi`ól, ns gnmfr, hbti rfnski flgfvfguhb y ohci rfnski h bh mi`ulfghg4 pir bi thlti, nxfstnl `ngfghs prnvnltfvhs gfspilfobns.

5>

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G  

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

Krupi gn rfnski 73 Hknltns H knltns mhushltns gn nljnr`nghgns eu`hlhs snrfhs, nb milthkfi nltrn flgfvfguis nl jhmtfobn4 pir milsfkufnltn, li ehy `ngfghs tnrhpæutfmhs gfspilfobns, nxfstn hbti rfnski flgfvfguhb y mibnmtfvi.

Bh rnbhmfýl gn bis krupis gn rfnski mil bis lfvnbns gn ofisnkurfghg gntnr`f gntnr`flh lh bh tæmlfmh gn snkurfghg nl hpbfmhr y nb nqufpi gn ofisnkurfghg h utfbfzhr.

@ngfghs knlnrhbns gn prnvnlmfýl ZF.F

Bhvhgi y gnsfljnmmfýl gn `hlis3

Nb bhvhgi gn `hlis gn `hlnrh jrnmunltn ns bh tæmlfmh `ès njfmfnltn gn gnsfljnmmfýl nl bhs pnrsilhs punsti qun bhs `hlis sil bhs prf`nrhs phrtns qun vhl h milth`flhrsn pirqun timhl gfrnmth`nltn h bhs gfjnrnltns supnrjfmfns nb bhvhgi gn `hlis gnon rnhbfzhrsn mil hkuh y choýl, nltrn 71 h :1 snkulgis, mu`pbfnlgi nb sfkufnltn primngf`fnlti, milsth gn 88 phsis snmunlmfhbns3 1)  @ýcnsn bhs `hlis mil hkuh 8)  Gnpisftn nl bh phb`h gn bh `hli ulh mhltfghg gn choýl sujfmfnltn phrh muorfr tigh bh supnrjfmfn gn bhs `hlis. ?)  Jrýtnsn Bhs Qhb`hs gn bhs `hlis nltrn sà. =)  Jritn bh phb`h gn bh `hli gnrnmeh miltrh nb girsi gn bh `hli fzqufnrgh nltrnbhzhlgi bis gngis y vfmnvnrsh. 7)  Jritn bhs phb`hs gn bhs `hlis y nltrn sà mil bis gngis nltrnbhzhgis. >)  Jrith nb girsi gn bis gngis mil ulh `hli mil bh phb`h gn bh `hli ipunsth hkhrrèlgisn bis gngis y vfmnvnrsh :)  Jrith mil ul `ivf`fnlti gn rithmfýl nb pubkhr fzqufnrgi htrhpèlgibi mil bh phb`h gn bh `hli gnrnmeh y vfmnvnrsh. ;)  Jrýtnsn bh pulth gn bis gngis gn bh `hli gnrnmeh miltrh bh phb`h gn bh `hli fzqufnrgh, ehmfnlgi ul `ivf`fnlti gn rithmfýl y vfmnvnrsh. 5)  Nlcuhkun bhs `hlis mil ohsthltn hkuh 6)  ]æqunsn mil ulh tihbbh gnsnmehobn i tihbbh bf`pfh 81) Mfnrrh nb krfji mil bh tihbbh gnsnmehobn 88) ]us `hlis sil snkurhs.

5:

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

Junltn3 Jfkurh iotnlfgh gn bh pèkflh gn bh IQ] Qnró. ettps3//twfttnr.mi`/ipsi`spnru/sthtus/8?:;7761::5???687>5 

Bunki gnb bhvhgi gn `hlis sn gnon primngnr mil bh hpbfmhmfýl gnb gnsfljnmthltn h ohsn gn hbmieib nltrn ?1 h =1 snkulgis, sfkufnlgi bh snmunlmfh gn 5 phsis3 8)  gnpýsfti nl bh phb`h gn bh `hli ulh gisfs gn prigumti sujfmfnltn phrh muorfr tighs bhs supnrjfmfns ?)  Jrýtnsn Bhs Qhb`hs gn bhs `hlis nltrn sà. =)  jritn bh phb`h gn bh `hli gnrnmeh miltrh nb girsi gn bh `hli fzqufnrgh nltrnbhzhlgi bis gngis y vfmnvnrsh 7)  Jritn Bhs Qhb`hs gn bhs `hlis nltrn sà mil bis gngis nltrnbhzhgis

5;

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

>)  Jritn nb girsi gn bis gngis gn ulh `hli mil bh phb`h gn bh `hli ipunsth hkhrrèlgisn bis gngis y vfmnvnrsh :)  jritn mil ul `ivf`fnlti gn rithmfýl nb pubkhr fzqufnrgi htrhpèlgibi mil bh phb`h gn bh `hli gnrnmeh y vfmnvnrsh ;)  jritn bh pulth gn bis gngis gn bh `hli gnrnmeh miltrh bh phb`h gn bh `hli fzqufnrgh ehmfnlgi ul `ivf`fnlti gn rithmfýl y vfmnvnrsh 5)  Gncæ snmhr bhs `hlis hb h`ofnltn (5)

Junltn3 Jfkurh iotnlfgh gn bh pèkflh gn bh IQ] Qnró. ettps3//twfttnr.mi`/ipsi`spnru/sthtus/8?:;7761::5???687>5 

55

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

ZF.?

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

^si gn ohrrnrhs gn pritnmmfýl pritnmmfýl33 nbn`nltis qun pritnknl hb huxfbfhgir gn bh

trhls`fsfýl gn fljnmmfilns. ]n mbhsfjfmhl nl gis krhlgns krupis3 8.-Fl`ulfzhmfýl hmtfvh h trhvæs gn bh hpbfmhmfýl gn vhmulhs mi`i hltftntèlfmh, hltf enphtftfs O. ?.-^si gn ohrrnrhs jàsfmhs mi`i3 h)  Kuhltns, sfrvn phrh gfs`flufr bh trhls`fsfýl gn kær`nlns gnb phmfnltn h bhs `hlis gnb pnrsilhb gn shbug. Nb usi gn kuhltns li ns sustftuti gnb bhvhgi gn `hlis. ^tfbfzhr kuhltns bf`pfis, li lnmnshrfh`nltn nstærfbns   Qrnvfi h bh rnhbfzhmfýl gn tæmlfmhs li flvhsfvhs

i

  Qrnvfi hb milthmti mil shlkrn i jbufgis mirpirhbns.

i

  Qrnvfi hb milthmti mil `htnrfhb milth`flhgi.

i

  Nl mhsi gn qun nb prijnsfilhb tnlkh bnsfilns, nsmirfhmfilns, mirtns u itrh

i

bnsfýl nl bh pfnb gn bhs `hlis. ^tfbfzhr kuhltns nstærfbns   Muhlgi sn rnhbfzhl tæmlfmhs i primngf`fnltis flvhsfvis.

i

  Muhlgi sn rnhbfzhl murhmfilns i primngf`fnltis qun rnqufnrnl tæmlfmh

i

nstærfb. (Qulmfilns vnlishs mnltrhbns, murhmfýl gn enrfgh qufrórkfmh, ntm.)   Qrimngf`fnlti flvhsfvi3 ‒Qrimngf`fnlti qun fltnrru`pn bh ohrrnrh

i

tnku`nlthrfh i `umish gnb phmfnltn‐  

Xufthrsn bis kuhltns3   Bunki gnb usi mil ul phmfnltn

i

  Hltns gn htnlgnr h itri phmfnltn

i

  Hltns gn timhr èrnhs bf`pfhs (nc. Èrnh gilgn sn prnphrh bh `ngfmhmfýl) (5)

i

o)  @hsmhrfbbh, nb usi gn ulh `hsmhrfbbh qufrórkfmh ohrofci mi`ól ns ulh gn bhs `ngfghs prijfbèmtfmhs phrh bf`fthr bh priphkhmfýl gn gfstflths nljnr`nghgns rnspfrhtirfhs, nltrn nbbhs nb MIZFG 86, sfl n`ohrki tnln`is qun milsfgnrhr qun nsth `hsmhrfbbh qufrórkfmh i ohrofci mi`ól pir sà sibh li vh h ghr ulh pritnmmfýl sujfmfnltn y gnon`is ti`hr itrhs prnmhumfilns fkuhb`nltn gn f`pirthltn sn gnon mi`oflhr ulh ounlh bf`pfnzh y gnsfljnmmfýl gn bhs `hlis y nb nltirli yh

56

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

qun sf li sn utfbfzh bh `hsmhrfbbh mirrnmth`nltn li vh h ehonr ulh rngummfýl gnb rfnski gn trhls`fsfýl. Bhs `hsmhrfbbhs L6> sil jrnmunltn`nltn gn usi phrh nb pnrsilhb qufrórkfmi gn shbug i phrh pnrsilhs qun nstèl nl n l milthmti mil nljnr`nghgns fljnmmfishs mi`i nb MIZFG 86. (5) Nb `hlnci hgnmuhgi gn bhs `hsmhrfbbhs qufrórkfmhs i ohrofci mi`ól gnon snkufr bis sfkufnltns phsis. 8)  Bèvnsn bhs `hlis mil hkuh y choýl i mil ul gnsfljnmthltn h ohsn gn hbmieib. ?)  Flspnmmfiln bh `hsmhrfbbh ohrofci phrh vnr sf tfnln rhskhgurhs i hkucnris. =)  Irfnltn ehmfh hrrfoh bh phrtn supnrfir gilgn sn nlmunltrh bh tfrh gn `nthb. 7)  Hsnkórnsn gn irfnlthr ehmfh junrh nb bhgi mirrnmti gn bh `hsmhrfbbh i ohrofci nb bhgi mibirnhgi, phrh qun sn h`ibgn h bh jir`h gn bh lhrfz. >)  Wfrn ehmfh hohci bh phrtn fljnrfir gn bh `hsmhrfbbh phrh qun muorh th`ofæl bh oimh y bh ohrofbbh hsnkurèlgisn qun li nxfsthl nsphmfis nltrn bh mhrh y bh `hsmhrfbbh y hsnkurèlgilis qun sn muorh bh oimh y bh lhrfz tigi nb tfn`pi qun sn tnlkh punsth. :)  Nvftn timhr nb ohrofci `fnltrhs bi ush. ;)  Gnspuæs gn ushr bh `hsmhrfbbh, muhlgi sn eu`ngnzmh, rntàrnbh hkhrrhlgi gn bhs mflths nbèstfmhs gntrès gn bhs b hs irnchs `hltnlfnlgi bh `hsmhrfbbh hbnchgh gn bh mhrh bh riph y bhs `hlis phrh li timhr bhs supnrjfmfns pitnlmfhb`nltn milth`flhghs. 5)  Gnsnmen bh `hsmhrfbbh i ohrofci nl ul miltnlngir mnrrhgi `ngfhth`nltn gnspuæs gn su usi. 6)  Bèvnsn bhs `hlis gnspuæs gn timhr bh `hsmhrfbbh ushlgi ul gnsfljnmthltn h ohsn gn hbmieib i sf nstèl vfsfobn`nltn sumfhs bèvnbhs mil hkuh y choýl. 81) Mh`ofhr gfhrfh`nltn bh `hsmhrfbbh i sf sn eu`ngnmn, li gnon rnutfbfzhrsn nsth `hsmhrfbbh. (5)

61

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

Junltn3 F`hknl iotnlfgh gn bh pèkflh gn bh Irkhlfzhmfýl @ulgfhb gn bh ]hbug. ettps3//www.wei.flt/f`hkns/gnjhubt-siurmn/enhbte-tipfms/mirilhvfrus/`ngfmhb-`hsd-gi-sp.cpk9sjvrsl0m:;?=?j1Y8;

m)  Ohth i @hlgfb, hmtóh mi`i ohrrnrh ohrrnrh siorn tigi muhlgi sn vh h nltrhr nl milthmti mil pitnlmfhbns milth`flhltns, milth`flhltns, su usi sibi ns rnmi`nlghobn nl bhs èrnhs g gnn trhohci y LI nl bhs èrnhs gn gnsmhlsi i gn hbf`nlthmfýl. g)  Kirri y oiths, pungnl snr gnsmhrthobns i rnutfbfzhobns. ]n gnonl utfbfzhr nl mhsi gn rfnski, phrh prnvnlfr shbpfmhgurhs y milth`flhmfýl gnb mhbzhgi i gnb mhonbbi. Ns gn rnkbh knlnrhb utfbfzhr oiths y kirri nl nb èrnh gn qufrýjhli, en`igfèbfsfs, mufghgi fltnlsfvi y lnilhthb, gnofgi hb hbti rfnski gn milth`flhmfýl nl nsis

68

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

snrvfmfis. ]n gnonl mibimhr hltns gnb bhvhgi gn `hlis pir snr nbn`nltis li nstærfbns. (7) n)  Bnltns, sn gnon utfbfzhr mi`i jir`h gn pritnmmfýl gn bis icis hghpthobn hb ristri, gnon muorfr mi`pbnth`nltn nb èrnh pnrf imubhr. ]n rnmi`fnlgh utfbfzhr phrh htnlmfýl gn n`nrknlmfh qufrórkfmh, shbh gn ipnrhmfilns, mnltri iostætrfmi, primngf`fnltis flvhsfvis, lnmripsfhs (7)

OH__N_H] GN Q_IWNMMFÝL

K^H_GHQIBZI

Junltn3  Jfkurh iotnlfgh gn bh Kuàh gn Htnlmfýl Jh`fbfhr Mi`ulfthrfh phr phrh h bh ffgnltfjfmhmfýl gnltfjfmhmfýl gn (6)  phmfnltns nl rfnski rfnski gn milthkfi pir mirilhvfrus -86.  

ZF.=

Gfspisfmfýl gn bis rnsfguis

8.  Mbhsfjfmhmfýl gn rnsfguis (5) (81) h)  _nsfguis fljnmmfisis i mbhsn··H··qun mi`prnlgn rnsfguis mi`i shlkrn, en`ignrfvhgis y jbufgis mirpirhbns, rnsfguis qufrórkfmis, hlèti`iphtibýkfmis,

6?

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

mirti pulzhltn, mhgèvnrns i phrtns gn hlf`hbns milth`flhgis, rnsfguis gn hsfstnlmfh h phmfnltns nl hfsbh`fnlti. o)  _nsfguis nspnmfhbns i mbhsn ··O··, mi`prnlgn h bis rnsfguis rhgfhmtfvis, rnsfguis jhr`hmæutfmis, rnsfguis quà`fmi pnbfkrisis. m)  _nsfguis mi`ulns i mbhsn ··M·· , sil rnsfguis mirrfnltns mi`i phpnb, nlvibtirfis, rnsfguis irkèlfmis rnsubthltns gn bh hbf`nlthmfýl gn bis phmfnltns fltnrlhgis i h`oubhtirfis. _N]FG^I] FLJNMMFI]I] MBH]N H

• ]hlkrn,

en`gnrfvhgis • Cnrflkhs • Mhghvnrns..

_N]FG^I] N]QNMFHBN] MBH]N O

• Qrigumtis

jhr`hmntfmis • _hgfihmtfvis

_N]FG^I] MI@^LN] MBH]N M

• Qhpnb • Oitnbbhs • _nstis gn mi`fgh

?.  Hb`hmnlh`fnlti gn bis rnsfguis (81) ]n rnhbfzh nl3   _nmfpfnltns gn pbèstfmi qun gnonl snr gn jèmfb bhvhgi, pnsi bfknri, _nsfstnltns

i

fgnltfjfmhgis, uofmhgis nstrhtækfmh`nltn phrh mhgh tfpi gn rnsfgui, mil oibshs rnspnthlgi nb mýgfki gn mibirns y sf`oibikàh.   Oibshs gn pibfntfbnli, f`pnr`nhobns, mil ul nnspnsir gn :1 ” 8?1 `fmrilns , sfl

i

riturhs i f`pnrjnmmfilns, rnsfstnltns, bh gfstrfoumfýl gnb mibir gnon snr gn hmunrgi hb tfpi gn rnsfgui, rici phrh rnsfguis fljnmmfisis, hzub phrh rnsfguis nspnmfhbns i jhr`hmæutfmis y lnkri phrh rnsfguis mi`ulns.  

  Ofgilns ràkfgis Mirti Qulzhltns, nlvhsn ràkfgi mil thph mil honrturh (hbmhlmàh),

i

mhphmfghg gn bbnlhgi ehsth bhs =/7 mhphmfghg, fgnltfjfmhgi y mnrrhgis enr`ætfmh`nltn. 

6=

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

Bis rnsfguis ulh vnz rnmibnmthgis, sil bbnvhgis b bnvhgis h ul gnpisfti jflhb gnb snrvfmfi gn shbug phrh su pistnrfir rnmici pir bis vneàmubis gnpnlgfnltns gn bh pbhlth gn `hlnci y trhth`fnlti gn rnsfguis eispfthbhrfis.

Ofisnkurfghg y MIZFG-86 Wnlfnlgi nl munlth qun bhs `ngfghs gn ofisnkurfghg f`pbn`nlthghs nl Meflh y nl itris phàsns phrh nvfthr bi qun eh sfgi nb milthkfi gnb MIZFG 86 sn milsfgnrh f`pirthltn f`pbn`nlthr `ngfghs sf`fbhrns nl nb è`ofti lhmfilhb nxfstnl nvfgnlmfhs mfnltàjfmhs qun gnsmrfon qun bhs jir`hs gn trhls`fsfýl flgfrnmth nl bhs qun ulh pnrsilh pungn miltrhnr nb MIZFG 86 hb timhr ulh supnrjfmfn u iocnti milth`flhgi y timhr bunki su pripfh oimh lhrfz icis pir nsti sn milsfgnrh bf`pfhr y gnsfljnmthr bis iocntis y supnrjfmfns nspnmfhb`nltn bis qun sn `hlfpubhl mil jrnmunlmfh nl nsphmfis póobfmis y gis y gilgn nxfstn ulh `hyir hjbunlmfh gn pnrsilhs nstès vhl h snr `ngfghs lnmnshrfhs f`pbn`nlthghs nl bis primngf`fnltis gn ofisnkurfghg phrh nvfthr tfpis gn milthkfi y bh priphkhmfýl gn nljnr`nghgns mi`i nb MIZFG 86. (?) ]n flmbuyn h bhs `ngfghs knlnrhb knlnrhbns ns gn prnvnlmfýl (5) 8.  Efkfnln rnspfrhtirfh y ntfqunth gn bh tis, mi`prnlgn3   Bhvhgi gn `hlis mil jrnmunlmfh y usi gn gnsfljnmthltn h ohsn gn hbmieib.

i

b h lhrfz mil nb migi jbnxfilhgi i mil ul phøunbi hb tisnr i   Muorfrsn bh oimh y bh

i

nstirlughr, gnsnmehlgi pistnrfir`nltn nb phøunbi h ul rnmfpfnltn gn rnsfguis sýbfgis nspnmàjfmi phrh nst nsti i y bèvnsn bhs `hlis mmil il hkuh y cchoýl hoýl i gnsfljæmtnsn bhs `hlis mil gnsfljnmthltn h ohsn gn hbmieib.   Nvfthr timhrsn bis icis, bh lhrfz y bh oimh.

i

?.  Gfsthlmfh`fnlti simfhb, ulh jir`h gn prnvnlfr bh trhls`fsfýl nltrn pnrsilhs yh qun nb milthmti mnrmhli flmrn`nlth nb rfnski gn milthkfi gn nstn vfrus h trhvæs gn bhs kitfths qun nxpubsh ulh pnrsilh fljnmthgh hb tisnr, ehobhr i nstirlughr. Qir nstis sn gfspiln, nvfthr hkbi`nrhmfilns, `hltnlnr 8,> `ntris gn gfsthlmfh nltrn bhs pnrsilhs.

67

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

Junltn3  Jfkurh iotnlfgh iotnlfgh gn bh Kuàh gn Htnlmfý Htnlmfýl l Jh`fbfhr Mi`ulfthrfh phrh bh fgnltf fgnltfjfmhmfýl jfmhmfýl gn  phmfnltns nl rfnski rfnski gn milthkfi pir mirilhvfrus -86. (6) 

=.  Gnsfljnmmfýl gn bhs supnrjfmfns, nb muhb milsfstn nl bf`pfhr g gnn jir`h rutflhrfh bhs supnrjfmfns mil bhs qun nsth`is nl milthmti mil `ès jrnmunlmfh, mi`i `nshs, `hlfchs gn punrths, nsmrftirfis, krfjis, hrtàmubis nbnmtrýlfmis, nb h`ofnltn mi`i gi`fmfbfi i bukhr gn trhohci, phrh nsti pungn n`pbnhr hrtàmubis gn bf`pfnzh gn usi gi`æstfmi i gnsfljnmthltns sfkufnlgi bhs flstrummfilns gn prnphrhmfýl, phrh nvfthr hmmfgnltns.

6>

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

GN]FLJNMWHLWN  GN]FLJNMWHLWN  

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

Q_NQH_HMFÝL  Q_NQH_HMFÝL  

]ibumfýl

Gfbufr nb choýl bhvhvhcfbbhs itris

choilish

gntnrknltns ehsth jir`hr ulh sibumfýl y nspu`ish nl bh mhltfghg gn hkuh qun rnqufnrh

Gnsfljnmthltn irkèlfmi

WFN@QI GN HMMFÝL NL @FL^WI]  @FL^WI]  

]^QN_JFMFN H GN]FLJNMWH_   GN]FLJNMWH_ 

?

Wighs bhs supnrjfmfns

Qrnphrhr nl ul rnmfpfnltn gn ul bftri 1.?> `b gn gnsfljnmthltn irkèlfmi y nb rnsthltn mi`pbnthr mil hkuh gn krfji bh `nzmbh iotnlgrè ul bftri gn sibumfýl hb 1,18% Li lnmnsfth gfsibumfýl knlnrhb`nltn sil prigumtis nl sprhy

81

Wighs bhs supnrjfmfns

>-81

Nl nb h`ofnltn

Hbmieib 61 i 6:

Qrnphrhr nl ul rnmfpfnltn gn ul bftri ;11 @B gn hbmieib y nb rnsthltn mi`pbnthr mil hkuh gn krfji gn bh `nzmbh iotnlgrè ul bftri gn sibumfýl hb ;1%

>

Wighs bhs supnrjfmfns

Efpimbirfti gn sigfi >,>

Qrnphrhr nl ul rnmfpfnltn gn ul bftri 85 `b gn efpimbirfti gn sigfi y nb rnsthltn mi`pbnthr mil hkuh gn krfji bh `nzmbh iotnlgrè iotnlgr è 8 bftri gn sibumfýl hb 1,8% Qrnphrhr nl ul rnmfpfnltn gn ul bftri 8? `b gn efpimbirfti gn sigfi y nb rnsthltn mi`pbnthr mil hkuh gn krfji bh `nzmbh

81

Ohøis, flkrnsis phsfbbis y sn pungn utfbfzhr phrh eu`ngnmnr ul trhpi phrh bh gnsfljnmmfýl gn mhbzhgis hb flkrnsi gnb gi`fmfbfi

81

Ohøis, flkrnsis phsfbbis y sn pungn utfbfzhr phrh eu`ngnmnr ul trhpi phrh bh gnsfljnmmfýl gn mhbzhgis

H`ilfis muhtnrlhrfis

Efpimbirfti gn sigfi 5

iotnlgrè iotnlgr è ul bftri gn sibumfýl hb 1,8%

hb flkrnsi gnb gi`fmfbfi

Junltn3 Muhgri iotnlfgi gn bh Lir`h Wæmlfmh gn primngf`fnltis gn Ofisnkurf Ofisnkurfghg ghg phrh bh p prnvnlmfýl rnvnlmfýl gn milthkfi Mivfg-86, @flfstnrfi gn ]hbug Oibfvfh, ?1?1.

Wnr`flibikàh (81) (88) 8.  Hnrisibns3 ]fstn`hs gn phrtàmubhs sýbfghs i bfqufghs `uy jflhs gfspnrshs nl ul khs, eu`i, lfnobh y/i hfrn. ?.  Hknltn Hltfohmtnrfhli3 Hknltn qun flhmtfvh i f`pfgn bh `ubtfpbfmhmfýl gn ohmtnrfhs =.  Hknltn Hltf`fmýtfmi3 Hknltn qun flhmtfvh i f`pfgn bh `ubtfpbfmhmfýl gn eilkis.

6:

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

7.  Hknltn Hltf`fmriofhli3 Hknltn rnspilshobn gn bh nbf`flhmfýl i flefofmfýl gnb mrnmf`fnlti gn `fmriirkhlfs`is. >.  Hknltn Hltfvfrhb3 Hknltn qun flhmtfvh i prnvfnln bh rnpbfmhmfýl vfrhb. :.  Hknltns Ofibýkfmis3 Muhbqufnr `fmriirkhlfs`i mil flmbusfýl gn bis knlætfmh`nltn `igfjfmhgis. ;.  Hknltns Ofibýkfmis fljnmmfisis3 Muhbqufnr

`fmriirkhlfs`i (vfrus,

ohmtnrfhs,

eilkis i phrèsftis) mhphz gn mhushr fljnmmfilns i hbnrkfhs, tixfmfghg, nljnr`nghg i `unrtn gnb snr eu`hli, hlf`hbns y pbhlths, mil flmbusfýl gn bis knlætfmh`nltn `igfjfmhgis. 5.  Hknltn Fljnmmfisi3 @fmriirkhlfs`i (ohmtnrfh, vfrus, eilki, pritizihrfi) mhphz gn prigumfr ulh fljnmmfýl nl ul euæspng susmnptfobn. 6.  Hltfsnpsfh3 ^si gn ul hknltn quà`fmi (hltfsæptfmi) siorn bh pfnb u itris tncfgis phrh nvfthr bh fljnmmfýl flefofnlgi nb mrnmf`fnlti gn bis `fmriirkhlfs`is. 81. Hltfsæptfmi3 Hknltn quà`fmi rnspilshobn gn miltribhr i flefofr bh pribfjnrhmfýl gn `fmriirkhlfs`is. 88. Hb`hmnlh`fnlti3 ns nb kuhrghgi tn`pirhb gn rnsfguis gnofgh`nltn mbhsfjfmhgis n fgnltfjfmhgis gnltr gnltri i ul Nsthob Nsthobnmf`fnlti nmf`fnlti gn ]hbug. 8?. Hlèbfsfs gn rfnski3 nstugfi rnbhtfvi hb primnsi gn fgnltfjfmhmfýl gnb pnbfkri y nstf`hmfýl gnb rfnski. 8=. Èrnhs milth`flhghs3 Silh gilgn nxfstn pitnlmfhb hknltn ofibýkfmi i rhgfihmtfvi. 87. Èrnh li milth`flhgh3 Silh gilgn li nxfstn gn nxpisfmfýl gn hknltns ofibýkfmis, quà`fmis i rhgfihmtfvis. 8>. Hsnpsfh3 Bforn gn kær`nlns i `fmriirkhlfs`is. 8:. Ohmtnrfh3 @fmriirkhlfs`i ulfmnbubhr qun sn mbhsfjfmh nl nb rnfli primhrfith. 8;. Ohmtnrfn`fh3 Flgfmh bh prnsnlmfh trhlsftirfh gn ohmtnrfhs nl bh shlkrn sfl sfklis knlnrhbns nl nb mursi gn ulh fljnmmfýl bimhbfzhgh. 85. Ohmtnrfistètfmi3 Gntnlmfýl gnb gnshrribbi gn bhs ohmtnrfhs y hknltn qun tfnln nsth hmmfýl.

6;

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

86. Oibsh pbèstfmh gn ofisnkurfghg3 ns ulh oibsh pbèstfmh mil nb bikitfpi gn ofisnkurfghg mil `fmrilhcn nspnmàjfmi y qun tfnln mibirhmfilns gn hmunrgi hb rnsfgui h gnstflhrsn. ?1. Miltnlngir3 rnmfpfnltn gn krhl mhphmfghg knlnrhb`nltn `ntèbfmi mil nb bikitfpi gn ofisnkurfghg, gn usi nxmbusfvi y snbnmtfvi h ulh mbhsn gn rnsfgui utfbfzhrbi phrh hmipfhr oibshs i rnmfpfnltns gn rnsfguis nl bis hb`hmnlh`fnltis snmulghrfis i jflhbns gn Nsthobnmf`fnlti gn ]hbug. ?8. Mhgnlh gn Fljnmmfýl3 _nprnsnlth ul milculti gn jhmtirns qun sn rnbhmfilhl mil ul primnsi gn fljnmmfýl mi`i3 hknltn ntfibýkfmi, euæspng susmnptfobn, punrth gn nltrhgh. ??. Milth`flhmfýl3 Qrnsnlmfh gn hknltn fljnmmfisi nl supnrjfmfns irkèlfmhs, nqufph`fnlti, Flstru`nlthb, `htnrfhb, phrngns, shbhs, pfsis, ntm. ?=. Mrn`hmfýl3 primnsi gn gnstrummfýl gn phrtns irkèlfmhs y rnsfguis phtibýkfmis `ngfhltn bh mi`oustfýl. ?7. Ghøi3 Milsnmunlmfh prigumfgh pir ul nvnlti qun hjnmth bh mhbfghg gn vfgh fflgfvfguhb lgfvfguhb i mibnmtfvh gn bhs pnrsilhs. ?>. Gnsmilth`flhmfýl3 ^si gn `ngfis jàsfmis i quà`fmis phrh rn`ivnr, flhmtfvhr i gnstrufr hknltns phtýknlis nxfstnltns siorn supnrjfmfns i hrtàmubis ?:. Gnsfljnmmfýl3

Nbf`flhmfýl

gn

kær`nlns

phtýknlis

y

itrhs

mbhsns

gn

`fmriirkhlfs`is pir bis `ngfi gn hknltns jàsfmis i quà`fmis. ?;. Gnsfljnmthltn3 Hknltn quà`fmi qun sn utfbfzh siorn iocntis flhlf`hgis (pir ncn`pbi pfsis, phrngns, i bhvhois) phrh nbf`flhr `fmriirkhlfs`is phtýknlis. ?5. Gfspisfmfýl jflhb3 ns nb miljflh`fnlti gnjflftfvi gn rnsfguis, gnon snr rnhbfzhgi ohci lir`hs gn gfsnøi y ipnrhmfýl nspnmàjfmis phrh mhgh mhtnkiràh gn rns rnsfgui, fgui, qun `flf`fmn bis rfnskis y bis f`phmtis h bh shbug eu`hlh, hlf`hb y hb `ngfi h`ofnltn nl knlnrhb. ?6. Nsthobnmf`fnlti gn ]hbug3 nsthobnmf`fnlti póobfmi i prfvhgi gilgn sn prnstn muhbqufnr lfvnb gn htnlmfýl h bh shb shbug ug eu`hlh i hlf`hb, mil jflns gn prnvnlmfýl, gfhklýstfmi, trhth`fnlti, rnehofbfthmfýl y itris sf`fbhrns i hjflns, ncn`pbi3

65

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

eispfthbns, mbàlfmhs, mnltris gn shbug, pisths `ægfmhs, nljnr`nràhs, milsubtirfis `ægfmis, mbàlfmhs gnlthbns, vntnrflhrfhs, bhoirhtirfis mbàlfmis, mnltris gn `ngfmflh lumbnhr, mnltris gn gfhklýstfmi pir f`hknl y rhyis U, ohlmis gn shlkrn, ulfvnrsfghgns (Jhmubthg gn `ngfmflh, igiltibikàh, ntm.), flstftumfilns gn nlsnøhlzh y gn flvnstfkhmfýl ofi`ægfmh y itris sf`fbhrns i hjflns. =1. Nqufpi gn pritnmmfýl pnrsilhb3 Muhbqufnr nqufpi gnstflhgi phrh snr bbnvhgi i sucnthgi pir nb trhohchgir y qun bn orflgh pritnmmfýl gn uli i vhrfis rfnskis qun pungnl h`nlhzhr su snkurfghg i su shbug. =8. Nstnrfbfzhmfýl3 Gnstrummfýl gn tighs bhs jir`hs gn `htnrfhb vfvfnltn flmbuynlgi ohmtnrfhs, vfrus, nspirhs y eilkis. =?. Ntfibikàh3 Qhrtn gn bh `ngfmflh qun tfnln pir iocnti nb nstugfi gn bhs mhushs gn bhs nljnr`nghgns. ==. Jhmtirns gn rfnski3 Wigis bis nbn`nltis, susthlmfhs, primngf`fnltis y hmmfilns eu`hlhs prnsnltns nl nb h`ofnltn bhoirhb qun gn ulh u itrh jir`h pilnl nl rfnski hb trhohchgir tnlfnlgi bh mhphmfghg gn prigumfr bnsfýl. =7. Jý`ftns, Ji`ns3 ]usthlmfh u iocnti muhbqufnrh, li hbf`nltfmfi, qun milsnrvh y trhls`ftn `fmriirkhlfs`is fljnmmfisis. =>. Knr`fmfgh3 Hknltn qun gnstruyn `fmriirkhlfs`is nspnmfhb`nltn phtýknlis. phtýknlis. =:. Kiths3 Qhrtàmubhs qun pungnl miltnlnr `fmriirkhlfs`is fljnmmfisis. =;. Knstfýl gn rnsfguis sýbfgis3 ns nb milculti gn hmtfvfghgns qun mi`prnlgnl bhs jhsns gn knlnrhmfýl, mbhsfjfmhmfýl, snbnmmfýl nl bis nsthobnmf`fnltis gn shbug, snkól su mbhsn y mhrhmtnràstfmhs, hb`hmnlh`fnlti, rnmibnmmfýl, trhlspirtn, trhth`fnlt trhth`fnlti i y gfspisfmfýl jflhb gn rnsfguis sýbfgis gn hmunrgi h sus mhrhmtnràstfmhs, phrh pritnknr bh shbug eu`hlh, hlf`hb, bis rnmursis lhturhbns y nb `ngfih`ofnltn. =5. Efkfnln gn bhs `hlis3 Nb tær`fli qun sn utfbfzh phrh nb bhvhgi gn bhs `hlis. =6. Eilki3 @fmriirkhlfs`i primhrfith numhrfith, ulfmnbubhr i pburfmnbubhr, qun sn mbhsfjfmh nl nb rnfli vnknthb. 71. Fljnmmfýl3 Hmti gn hgqufrfr ulh nljnr`nghg milthkfish.

66

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

78. Fl`ulfzhmfýl3 Nb primnsi pir nb muhb ulh pnrsilh ns fl`uln, i sn pritnkn miltrh ulh nljnr`nghg. 7?. Choýl hltf`fmriofhli3 Gntnrknltn qun miltfnln ul hknltn hltfsæptfmi. 7=. Bf`pfnzh3 Qrimnsi jàsfmi phrh nbf`flhr `htnrfhb nxtrhøi i rnsfguhb gn ulh supnrjfmfn. 77. Qhtiknlfmfghg3 Mhphmfghg gnb `fmriirkhlfs`i gn mhushr nljnr`nghg. 7>. Qnbfkri3 ]ftuhmfýl nl bh qun ns pisfobn qun imurrh ghøi i gntnrfiri flgfvfguhb i mibnmtfvi. 7:. Qnbfkri ofibýkfmi3 Hknltn ofibýkfmi qun ns pitnlmfhb`nltn pnbfkrisi phrh bis snrns eu`hlis, hlf`hbns, pbhlths y /i `ngfi h`ofnltn. 7;. Qbhl gn Miltflknlmfhs3 Ns prnvnr trhohcis phrh nvfthr f`phmtis h`ofnlthbns lnkhtfvis, pir hmmfýl hltripikæ hltripikælfmh, lfmh, lhturhb lhturhb y/i flgumfgi. Ncn`pbi3 Nsthobnmnr primngf`fnltis phrh muhlgi imurrh hbkól f`prnvfsti, pbhlns qun `flf`fzhl njnmtis lnkhtfvis nl miltrh gn bis usuhrfis gn ul ofnl nxfstnltn. 75. Qbhl gn Knstfýl3 Ns irkhlfzhr hmtfvfghgns qun pnr`ftnl `hlnchr bis phsis gn ul primnsi phrh bbnkhr h ul iocntfvi i `nth pbhltnhgh hltnrfir`nltn. hltnrfir`nltn. 76. Qrflmfpfi gn prnmhumfýl3 sfklfjfmh qun sn rnhbfzhrèl hmmfilns i hmtfvfghgns muyhs milsnmunlmfhs gfrnmths i flgfrnmths (nl tfn`pi y nsphmfi), li sil milimfghs i miltribhghs pir bhs prèmtfmhs ehoftuhbns gn `hlnci nl nsn bukhr y `i`nlti pir nb sfstn`h gn ofisnkurfghg gn mhgh nsthobnmf`fnlti, pir thlti sn prnsu`frè qun sn pungnl knlnrhr rfnskis phrh bhs pnrsilhs, nb `ngfi h`ofnltn y bis ofnlns. Wigh pnrsilh lhturhb i mibnmtfvh, póobfmh i prfvhgh qun rnhbfmn hmtfvfghgns mil rnsfguis gn nsthobnmf`fnltis gn shbug (_N]) nstè iobfkhgh h kuhrghr nstn prflmfpfi. >1. _nmfpfnltn gn ohsurh3 bukhr gn gnpýsfti gn rnsfgui snbnmmfilhgi snkól su mbhsn y bukhr gn irfknl. >8. _nmibnmmfýl3 hmmfýl gn rnmiknr, mhrkhr bis rnsfguis hb `ngfi gn trhlspirtn y trhsbhghrbis ehsth bis bukhrns gn hb`hmnlh`fnlti, trhth`fnlti i h bis sftfis gn gfspisfmfýl jflhb. >?. _nbbnli ]hlfthrfi3 flsthbhmfýl gnstflhgh h bh gfspisfmfýl gn rnsfguis gi`æstfmis y bis hsf`fbhobns h nsth mhtnkiràh uofmhgh nl ul sftfi mil milgfmfilns efgriknibýkfmhs,

811

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

tipikrèjfmhs y mbf`htibýkfmhs hgnmuhghs y qun ns ipnrhgh snkól lir`hs y primngf`fnltis qun nvftnl i `flf`fmnl bis ghøis y rfnskis phrh bh shbug y nb h`ofnltn. >=. _nsfgui ]ýbfgi3 muhbqufnr `htnrfhb sýbfgi i sn`fsýbfgi, muyh mhbfghg li pnr`ftn ushrbi lunvh`nltn nl nb primnsi qun bi knlnrý, pir bi muhb su knlnrhgir sn gnsprnlgn i gnb qun tfnln bh fltnlmfýl i bh iobfkhmfýl gn gnsprnlgnrsn. Bis rnsfguis pungnl snr iocnti gn trhth`fnlti y/i vhbirhmfýl. >7. _nsfgui Qnbfkrisi3 tfnlnl pripfnghgns jàsfmi quà`fmhs pnbfkrishs phrh bh shbug y nb `ngfi h`ofnltn pir qun prnsnlthl bhs sfkufnltns mhrhmtnràstfmhs3 mirrisfvfghg, nxpbisfvfghg, fljbh`hofbfghg, rhgfhmtfvfghg, rnhmtfvfghg y tixfmfghg. ]n mbhsfjfmhl nl trns suo mhtnkiràhs3 rhgfhmtfvis, jèr`hmis y susthlmfhs quà`fmhs. >>. _nsfguis Qhtýknlis i Ofi Fljnmmfisis3 sil rnsfguis milth`flhgis qun miltfnlnl `fmriirkhlfs`is i tixflhs mhphmns gn irfkflhr i jhvirnmnr nb gnshrribbi gn nljnr`nghgns. ]n mbhsfjfmhl nl snfs suo mhtnkiràhs3 ofibýkfmhs gnb phmfnltn (ohmtnrfhs, vfrus, phrèsftis y eilkis), gn bhoirhtirfi

(shlkrn,

jbufgis

y

en`ignrfvhgis), hlhtý`fmis, rnstis milth`flhgis, pulzi mirthltns y hlf`hbns `unrtis. >:. _nsfgui Gi`æstfmi3 ]il rnsfguis irkèlfmis rnsubthltns gn bh hbf`nlthmfýl gn bis phmfnltns fltnrlhgis i h`o h`oubhtirfis, ubhtirfis, li tfnlnl lflkulh gn bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs gn bhs mhtnkiràhs gn rnsfguis ofi-fljnmmfisis y pnbfkrisis. pnb fkrisis. >;. _nsfgui Milth`flhltn3 Wigi rnsfgui qun prnsnltn i qun pitnlmfhb`nltn pugfnrh prnsnlthr mhrhmtnràstfmhs fljnmmfishs, mirrisfvhs, rnhmtfvhs, týxfmhs, nxpbisfvhs, fljbh`hobns, frrfthltns y/i rhgfhmtfvhs y qun pungh nl milsnmunlmfh milstftufr ul rfnski phrh bh shbug i phrh nb h`ofnltn. >5. _nsfguis Qhtibýkfmis3 ]il tncfgis, ýrkhlis y jbufgis qun ehl sfgi nxtrhàgis gn munrpis eu`hlis i knlnrhgis nl prèmtfmhs vntnrflhrfhs, yh snh `ngfhltn fltnrvnlmfýl qufrórkfmh, hutipsfhs u itris primngf`fnltis `ægfmis. >6. _nsfgui _hgfhmtfvi3 ]il gn mhrèmtnr bàqufgi i sýbfgi gn ohch y `ngfh rhgfhmfýl, qun sn gnsnmeh pir li snr utfbfzhobn.

818

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

:1. _nsfguis Qnbfkrisis3 Gnsnmeis ofibýkfmis, fljbh`hobns, mi`oustfobns, frrfthobn, mirrisfvi, tixfmi y/i rnhmtfvi, ghøfli h bis snrns vfvis y/i hb `ngfi h`ofnltn. :8. _nsfstnlmfh3 Hptftug gnb euæspng phrh lnutrhbfzhr h ul knr`nl phtýknli :?. _fnski3 Qriohofbfghg gn ul pnbfkri gn `hlfjnsthrsn y mhushr ul ghøi :=. _fnskis Ofibýkfmis3 _fnski rnbhmfilhgi mil hknltns pitnlmfhb`nltn phtýknlis qun pungnl mhushr ghøi :7. _fnskis Jàsfmis3 _fnskis rnbhmfilhgis mil hkrnsfilns jàsfmhs (rhgfhmfýl, rufgis, vforhmfilns, tn`pnrhturhs nxtrn`hs u itris.) :>. _fnski imuphmfilhb3 Bnsfýl i nljnr`nghg imurrfgh gurhltn nb gnsn`pnøi bhoirhb ::. _fnskis Xuà`fmis3 _fnskis rnbhmfilhgis mil prigumtis quà`fmis :;. Wæmlfmh Hsæptfmh3 Ns ul milculti gn `ngfghs muyi iocntfvi ns bh nbf`flhmfýl i miltrib gn `fmriirkhlfs`is. :5. Wrhth`fnlti3 Milculti gn tæmlfmhs i `nmhlfs`is qun pnr`ftnl trhlsjir`hr bis rnsfguis milth`flhltns phrh hlubhr i `flf`fzhr bhs mhrhmtnràstfmhs pnbfkrishs flenrnltns h bis rnsfguis trhthgis i ofi-fljnmmfisis. :6. Wixfknlfmfghg3 Mhphmfghg gn ul `fmriirkhlfs`i gn prigumfr tixflhs mhphmns gn miltrfoufr hb gnshrribbi gn ulh nljnr`nghg. ;1. Zfrus3 Muhbqufnrh gn bis hknltns fljnmmfisis `ès pnqunøis (?1 l` h =11 l`) qun sn mhrhmtnrfzhl pir rnpbfmhr sibh`nltn nl mæbubhs vfvhs y snr phrèsftis hosibutis flmhphmns gn knlnrhr nlnrkàh lf gn muhbqufnr hmtfvfghg `nthoýbfmh.

81?

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8

Ofobfikrhjàh 8. @httenw , Hrgufli4 Hr gufli4 Hrlgt, [fbbfh`4 Ohfbfl, Enfdn4 Ohu`hll,_fmehrg4 Orhgoury, _fmehrg 4 Orhlgt, @hry . Ofisnkurfghg nl bhoirhtirfis gn `fmriofibikfh y `ngfmflh. :te ng. Eu`hlis Gg]y], ngftir.4 ?1?1. ?. _h`àrnz , Vhrusdh N. Ofisnkurfghg. _nvfsths Oibfvfhlhs. ?188 Gfmfn`orn4 8>. =. ]hbug I@gb. @hluhb gn ofisnkurfghg nl bhoirhtirfi. I@] ng. Kflnorh4 ?11>. 7. ]hbug IQgb. Irkhlfzhmfýl Qhlh`nrfmhlh gn bh ]hbug, Ofisnkurfghg Of isnkurfghg y `hltnlf`fnlti. TIlbflnP.4 TIlbflnP.4 ?11> Tmftng ?1?1 Gfmfn`orn ?;. Hvhfbhobn jri`3 ettps3//www.phei.irk/eq/flgnx.pep9 iptfil0mi`Ymiltnlt&vfnw0hrtfm miltnlt&vfnw0hrtfmbn&fg0>7:13?188bn&fg0>7:13?188ettps3//www.phei.irk/eq/flgnx.pep9iptfil0mi`Y ofisnkurfghg-`hltnlf`fnlti&Ftn`fg0=6>?&bhlk0ns..  ofisnkurfghg-`hltnlf`fnlti&Ftn`fg0=6>?&bhlk0ns >. Kufbbæl Ilnnkbfi. Ofisnkurfghg. _nvfsth Qnruhlh gn @ngfmflh Nxpnrf`nlthb y ]hbug Quobfmh. ?11?4 86(=)3 p. 8:7-8:>. :. LFLHLVH ZNBH]X^NS. B. MILIMF@FNLWI V HQBFMHMFÝL GN BH] @NGFGH] GN OFI]NK^_FGHG GN BI] NLJN_@N_I] GNB EI]QFWHB @FL]H FF - 8 QH@QH] WHVHMHCH ?18;. TIlbflnP.4 ?18; Tmftng ?1?1 gfmfn`orn ?;. Hvhfbhobn jri`3 ettp3//rnpisftirfi.upnmnl.n isftirfi.upnmnl.ngu.pn/ehlgbn/^QNMNL/ gu.pn/ehlgbn/^QNMNL/8;? 8;?..  ettp3//rnp ;. Gi`flkunz VH. Ofisnkurfghg y shbug imuphmfilhb nl bhoirhtirfis ofi`ægfmis. _nvfsth Muohlh gn shbug y trhohci. ?18?4 8=(=)3 p. >=->5. 5. ]hbug @g. Lir`h tnmlfmh gn Qrimngf`fnltis gn Ofisnkurfghg phrh bh prnvnlmfil gn milthkfi Mivfg-86. ?1?1 @hyi.. 6. Miphlh _, Meurh _, @nrmhgi G, Irtnkh I, Mh`hmei [. Kufh gn htnlmfýl Jh`fbfhr mi`ulfthrfh phrh bh fgnltfjfmhmfil gn phmfnltns nl rfnski gn milthkfi pir Mirilhvfrus-86.. 81. Hrh`hyi ], _igrfkunz ]. _nkbh`nlti phrh bh hpbfmhmfýl gn bh Lir`h Oibfvfhlh gn Ofisnkurfghg nl nsthobnmf`fnltis nsthobnmf`fnltis gn ]hbug. ?181.. 88. Khrmàh Qhlgi QH, @ibbi Whpfh W, Jnrlhlgnz Wrfkisi N, Sóøfkh _fvnrh @, Bhrh Hrrhtfh C, Khrmàh @nlgizh J@È, nt hb. Kufh gn `hlnci gn rnsfguis. rnsfguis . Mhch Lhmfilhb gn ]hbug ng. Bh Qhz4 ?1?1 ?1?1..

81=

 

NG^MHMFÝL QH_H BH ]HB^G

M^_]I OÈ]FMI ?1?1-?1?8 ?1?1 -?1?8