Dossier 1 Parcial V3
October 5, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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XLN_HUZNMFMFX]ALACF FX]ALACFMH@ MH@HZ]FMA HZ]FMAMH MHGNMF@DA GNMF@DA XLN_HUZNMFM NLZ]N]X]AMH MHJNHLJNFZ JNHLJNFZEFZNJFZ EFZNJFZHHNLDHLNHUNF NLDHLNHUNF NLZ]N]X]A FUHFFJFMHCNJF FJFMHCNJFMH MHJACRX]FJNAL JACRX]FJNAL^ ^H@HJ]UALNJF H@HJ]UALNJF FUHF @NJHLJNF]XUFHL HLNLDHLNHUNF NLDHLNHUNFHL HL]H@HJACXLNJFJNALHZ ]H@HJACXLNJFJNALHZ @NJHLJNF]XUF
Jalthlnma
Jalthlnma ........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ .................. 5 D`asfrna mh ]îrcnlas ........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................ ........................... ......................... ............ : ]fe`f 52.- Uhd`fs dhlhrf`hs pfrf `f hsjrnturf mh `as sãcea`as mh `fs ulnmfmhs mh` ZN ........................ ...................................... .................. ? @ãlhf mh` tnhcpa ............................ .......................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................. ............................. ........................... ........................... ................... ..... 4 HIHUJNJNAZ JFRÃ]X@A 6 .................................... .................................................. ............................. ............................. ............................ ........................... ........................... ................. ... 62 HIHUJNJNAZ JFRÃ]X@A 5 .................................... .................................................. ............................. ............................. ............................ ........................... ........................... ................. ... 66 HIHUJNJNAZ JFRÃ]X@A : .................................... .................................................. ............................. ............................. ............................ ........................... ........................... ................. ... 6= HIHUJNJNAZ JFRÃ]X@A = .................................... .................................................. ............................. ............................. ............................ ........................... ........................... ................. ... 6? Rræjtnjf La. L a. 6 Nlthrofz mh pathljnf JJ. ........................... .......................................... ............................. ............................ ............................ ........................... ....................... .......... 5? Rræjtnjf La. 5 Nlthrofz mh pathljnf JF. .................................. ................................................ ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ................. ... 5> Rræjtnjf La :. Fcp`nonjfmarhs mh pathljnf j`fsh E. ............... ............................. ............................. ............................. ........................... ........................... ................. ... :5 Zhdunmar mh va`tfih......................................... ...................................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ .............. :? Ene`nadrfoãf........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ .......................... ............ :4
Rædnlf 5 mh :4
D`asfrna mh ]îrcnlas ]îrcnlas Fcp`nonjfmar
Fcp`ntum
]ama fquh` mnspasntnva quh, f pfrtnr mh `f utn`nzfjnúl mh hlhrdãf, cfdlnonjfræ `f fcp`ntum mh ul ohlúchla. _f`ar cæxnca quh hstf f`jflzf. Hs `f mnstfljnf cæxncf hltrh h` pulta cæs f`hifma mh ulf almf y h` pulta mh hqun`nerna a chmna. Zh rhonhrh f `fs cfdlntumhs a vf`arhs quh ‐vfrãfl jal h` tnhcpa hl oarcf jaltnluf– jaca `f
Flf`údnja
mnstfljnf y `f thcphrfturf, `f vh`ajnmfm, quh pamrãfl vfrnfr cuy `hlta a cuy ræpnma jaca ul snsthcf mh fumna.
Ælama
H`hjtrama quh pnhrmh h`hjtralhs hl ulf rhfjjnúl mh axnmfjnúl. Larcf`chlth sh vnlju`f f` pa`a pasntnva mh` trælsnta mh `f jarrnhlth h`îjtrnjf, phra la snhcprh hs fsã.
Frcúlnjas
Jacpalhlths sncn`frhs sncn` frhs mh ulf jarrnhlth h`îjtrnjf phrnúmnjf mhsjacpuhstf hl `f shrnh mh Oaurnhr. @as frcúlnjas tnhlhl ulf orhjuhljnf quh hs cù`tnp`a (5, :, =, 8, … l) mh `f orhjuhljnf oulmfchltf`.
Fumna
]îrcnla quh H` pravnhlh mh `fmh`hlduf nld` fulquh su flthjhmhlth cæsphrcnth `hifla sh gf``f hl h` `ftãl. jaljhpta fumnanld`hsf, sh hsf, hcp`hf pfrf lacerfr f htnca`údnja `f tîjlnjf quh `f tîjlnjf drfefr, trflscntnr y rhpramujnr salnmas
Jfpfjntfljnf
Jfpfjnmfm mh ul jacpalhlth a jnrjunta pfrf rhjadhr y f`cfjhlfr hlhrdãf hl oarcf mh jfrdf h`îjtrnjf
Jætama
H`hjtrama jal jfrdf lhdftnvf, quh hl `f rhfjjnúl quãcnjf suorh ulf rhfjjnúl mh rhmujjnúl, malmh su hstfma mh axnmfjnúl sh rhmujh juflma rhjneh rhjneh h`hjtralhs.
Jnj`a Mh ]rfefia
Uh`fjnúl mh tnhcpa hl h` quh ulf jfrdf a jnrjunta hstæ hljhlmnma hl jacpfrfjnúl jal h` tnhcpa hl quh `f jfrdf a h` jnrjunta hstæl fpfdfma.
Jarrnhlth F`thrlf
(Ferhvnfmf hspföa`). h`îjtrnjf hl `fcæs quhjacùlchlth `f cfdlntumutn`nzfmf y mnrhjjnúl vfrãfl jãj`njfchlth.JF @f hl oarcf mh almfJarrnhlth mh `f jarrnhlth f`thrlf hs `f mh ulf almf shlanmf` puhsta quh sh jalsnduh ulf trflscnsnúl cæs honjnhlth mh `f hlhrdãf.
Jarrnhlth Mnrhjtf
(JJ hl hspföa`). O`uia jaltnlua mh h`hjtralhs f trfvîs mh ul jalmujtar hltrh mas pultas mh mnstnlta pathljnf`.
Jarrnhlth H`îjtrnjf
Jarth (]rflsnstar)
O`uia mh h`hjtralhs hl ul jalmujtar h`îj h`îjtrnja trnja f trfvîs mh mh ul jnrjunta jhrr jhrrfma. fma. ]fcenîl hs jalajnmf jalajnmf jaca ‐Nlthlsnmfm– y `f ulnmfm mh chmnmf hs h` Fcphr [FS hl galar f` oãsnja y cfthcætnja Flmrî
Cfrnh Fcphrh, prhjursar mh `f tharãf tharãf h`hjtracfdlîtnjf. Juflma la pfsf jarrnhlth par `f efsh, la puhmh pfsfr tfcpaja par sus atras thrcnlf`hs; sh mnjh hltaljhs quh h` trflsnstar hstæ hl jarth, hs jaca sn sh trftfrf mh ul nlthrruptar fenhrta
Rædnlf : mh :4
Mndntf`
Zh rhonhrh f ‐jfltnmfmhs mnsjrhtfs–
Mnama
Mnspasntnva shcnjalmujtar quh fjtùf hshljnf`chlth jaca ul nlthrruptar ulnmn ulnmnrhjjnalf` rhjjnalf` pfrf `f jarrnhlth. Rhrcnth quh `f jarrnhlth o`uyf hl ulf mnrhjjnúl, phra la phrcnth f `f jarrnhlth o`unr hl `f mnrhjjnúl apuhstf. Majuchlta hsjrnta, hl saparth oãsnja a hl vhrsnúl mndntf`, quh prhshltf nloarcfjnúl fjhr fjhrjf jf mh ula
Massnhr
a vfrnas fsphjtas mh ulf nlstntujnúl, yf shf hstf mh jfræjthr pùe`nja a prnvfma.
H`hjtrúlnjf
Flæ`nsns mh `as h`hjtralhs y f `f fp`njfjnúl mh sus prnljnpnas hl mnohrhlths jalthxtas. Ruhmh mhjnrsh, par `a tflta, quh `f lajnúl l ajnúl mh h`hjtrúlnjf rhonhrh f `a quh hstæ vnlju`fma jal h` h`hjtrúl, quh hs ulf mh `fs pfrtãju`fs hshljnf`hs mh `as ætacas.
Ofsh
Mhsp`fzfcnhlta gfjnf `f mhrhjgf mhrhjgf a `f nzqunhrmf jal rhsphjta f ulf rhohrhljnf. Zh cnmh hl drfmas (²) a rfmnflhs (rfm).
Orhjuhljnf
Jfltnmfm mh jnj`as quh puhmhl mhsfrra``frsh hl ul shdulma. Zh cnmh hl jnj`as par shdulma a Ghrtz, ferhvnfma, Gz.
Dhlhrfmar OuljnalhsMh
Nlstruchlta hl `f h`hjtrúlnjf y snrvh pfrf dhlhrfr a sncu`fr shöf`hs hsphjãonjfs jal mhthrcnlfmfsutn`nzfma jfrfjthrãstnjfs.
D`asfrna
@nstf mh pf`ferfs y hxprhsnalhs j`fsnonjfmfs mh ul thxta, futar, mnf`hjta quh sal mnoãjn`hs mh jacprhlmhr y jfmf ulf vnhlh fjacpföfmf mh su sndlnonjfma a mh f`dùl jachltfrna.
Ncphmfljnf
Chmnmf mh apasnjnúl quh prhshltf ul jnrjunta f ulf jarrnhlth juflma sh fp`njf ulf ulf thlsnúl. thlsnúl. @f @f ncphmfljnf hxtnhlmh h` jaljhpta mh rhsnsthljnf mh rhsnsthljnf f `as jnrjuntas mh jarrnhlth mh jarrnhlth f`thrlf (JF), y pashh tflta cfdlntum jaca ofsh. jaca ofsh.
Nlmujtfljnf
Apasnjnúl mh ul h`hchlta jalmujtar (ulf eaenlf) f jfcenas hl `f jarrnhlth quh jnrju`f f trfvîs mh h``f.
Camu`fjnúl
Rrajhsa mh ja`ajfr `f nloarcfjnúl jalthlnmf hl ulf shöf`, dhlhrf`chlth mh efif orhjuhljnf, saerh ulf shöf` mh f`tf orhjuhljnf.
Catar
Mnspasntnva quh jalvnhrth ` f hlhrdãf h`îjtrnjf hl chjælnjf chjælnjf par par chmna mh `f fjjnúl mh `as jfcpas cfdlîtnjas quh dhlhrfl sus eaenlfs
Cu`tãchtra
Nlstruchlta mh chmnmf quh aorhjh `f pasnen`nmfm mh chmnr mnstnltas pfræchtras h`îjtrnjas y cfdlntumhs hl h` cnsca fpfrfta. @fs cæs jaculhs jaculhs sal `fs mh va`tãchtra, fcphrãchtra y úgchtra. Hs utn`nzfma orhjuhlthchlth par phrsalf` hl tamf `f dfcf mh h`hjtrúlnjf y h`hjtrnjnmfm.
Apta fjap`fmar
]fcenîl ``fcfma aptafns`fmar, hs ul jnrjunta h`hjtrúlnja quh ouljnalf jaca ul nlthrruptar fns`fma úptnjfchlth. Hs mhjnr, quh phrcnth ulf jalhxnúl h`îjtrnjfchlth fns`fmf hltrh mas jnrjuntas quh aphrfl f mnstnltas va`tfihs. Nlstruchlta mh chmnjnúl pfrf `f h`hjtrúlnjf. Uhprhshltf ulf dræonjf mh fcp`ntum hl h` hih vhrtnjf`
Asjn`asjapna
y tnhcpa hl h` hih garnzaltf`.
Rædnlf = mh :4
Rfthlth
Chmna cæs dhlhrf`nzfma quh hxnsth pfrf prathdhr `as mhrhjgas mhrhjgas mh `as nlvhltarhs
Rhrnama
]nhcpa hl shdulmas hltrh mas pnjas mh almf y hs nlvhrsfchlth praparjnalf` f `f orhjuhljnf.
Rathljnf
Jfltnmfm mh Hlhrdãf hltrhdfmf a fesarenmf par ul mnspasntnva mnspasntn va hl mhthrcnlfmf jfltnmfm mh tnhcpa
Rrataeafrm
R`fjf mh pruhefs hl `as quh sh puhmhl nlshrtfr h`hchltas h`hjtrúlnjas y jfe`hs jal `as quh q uh sh frcfl jnrjuntas snl `f lhjhsnmfm mh sa`mfr lnldula mh `as jacpalhlths.
Rusg-Ru``
]npa mh jnrjunta mh jnrjunta h`hjtrúlnja quh puhmh ncpu`sfr ulf jarrnhlth ulf jarrnhlth h`îjtrnjf h`îjtrnjf pasntnvf pasntnvf a lhdftnvf hl ulf jfrdf. ulf jfrdf.
Uhfjtfljnf
Apasnjnúl aorhjnmf f` pfsa mh `f jarrnhlth `f jarrnhlth f`thrlf par f`thrlf par nlmujtarhs nlmujtarhs (eaenlfs) yy jalmhlsfmarhs, jalmhlsfmarhs, sh sh cnmh hl Agcnas hl Agcnas y y su sãcea`a hs ή.
Uh`hvfmar
Nlthrruptar quh puhmh shr jaltra`fmar h`îjtrnjfchlth
Uhsnsthljnf
Uhsnsthljnf sh cnmh hl agcs [ήS, ulnmfm quh rhjneh h` lacerh hl galar f` oãsnja y cfthcætnja
Apasnjnúl f` pfsa mh h`hjtralhs a o`uia mh jarrnhlth f trfvîs mh ul jalmujtar. H` vf`ar mh Dhard Zncal Agc.
Zfturfjnúl (]rflsnstar) Znlusanmh
H` trflsnstar hstæ hl sfturfjnúl juflma `f jarrnhlth hl `f efsh hs cuy f`tf; hl hsh jfsa sh phrcnth `f jnrju`fjnúl mh jarrnhlth hltrh h` ja`hjtar y h` hcnsar y h` trflsnstar sh jacpartf jaca sn ouhrf ul nlthrruptar jhrrfma. Jurvf quh rhprhshltf dræonjfchlth `f ouljnúl shla ouljnúl shla y y tfcenîl f mnjgf ouljnúl hl sã.
]nrnstar
Mnspasntnva h`hjtrúlnja quh tnhlh mas hstfmas mh ouljnalfcnhlta9 jalmujjnúl jalmujjnúl y e`aquha Rashh trhs thrcnlf`hs9 Ælama (F), Jætama (K) y puhrtf (D).
]rflsnstar
]nhlh mas hstfmas mh ouljnalfcnhlta9 e`aquha y jalmujjnúl. Jalmujh `f jarrnhlth hltrh sus thrcnlf`hs prnljnpf`hs hl ul shltnma a hl h` nlvhrsa, par h``a, f` nduf` quh h` mnfj, hs ul mnspasntnva enmnrhjjnalf`.
]rnfj
Mnspasntnva shcnjalmujtar, Mnspasntnva shcnjalmujtar, mh mh `f ofcn`nf mh `as trflsnstarhs.
]uea Mh _fjãa
Mnspasntnvas h`hjtrúlnjas quh jalsnsthl hl ulf jæpsu`f mh vfjãa mh mh Fjhra Fjhra a mh mh _nmrna, _nmrna, jal jal mas a cæs h`hjtramas cæs h`hjtramas hltrh `as juf`hs puhmhl cavhrsh `nerhchlth `as H`hjtralhs. `as H`hjtralhs.
_a`tfih
Ouhrzf jfpfz mh gfjhr cavhr a o`unr h`hjtralhs hl ul jnrjunta h`îjtrnja. Hsth tîrcnla tfcenîl hs jalajnma jaca ‐]hlsnúl– a tfcenîl ‐Mnohrhljnf mh Rathljnf`–. @f ulnmfm mh chmnmf hs h` va`t [vS, hl galar f` jnhltãonja ntf`nfla F`hssflmra _a`tf, qunhl nlvhltú `f efthrãf quãcnjf.
_f`ar Rnja
_f`ar cæxnca quh tnhlh ulf shöf`, jalsnmhrfmf mhsmh h` vf`ar "2". _f`ar mh` va`tfih a jarrnhlth hl J.F. quh pramujh h` cnsca hohjta mh mnsnpfjnúl mh jf`ar quh su hqunvf`hlth mh va`tfih a jarrnhlth mnrhjtf
_f`ar UCZ
Rædnlf 8 mh :4
]fe`f 52.- Uhd`fs dhlhrf`hs pfrf `f hsjrnturf mh `as sãcea`as mh `fs ulnmfmhs mh` ZN 6.- @as sãcea`as mh `fs ulnmfmhs mhehl shr hxprhsfmas hl jfrfjthrhs racflas, hl dhlhrf`, cnlùsju`fs, jal hxjhpjnúl mh `as sãcea`as quh sh mhrnvfl mh lacerhs prapnas, hl `as juf`hs sh utn`nzfl jfrfjthrhs racflas hl cfyùsju`fs Hihcp`as9 c, jm, K, F 5.- La sh mheh ja`ajfr pulta mhspuîs mh` sãcea`a mh `f ulnmfm :.- @as sãcea`as mh `fs ulnmfmhs la mhehl p`urf`nzfrsh Hihcp`as9 7 kd, 82 kd, > c, 8 c =.- H` sndla mh cu`tnp`njfjnúl pfrf nlmnjfr h` pramujta mh mas a cæs ulnmfmhs mheh shr mh prhohrhljnf ul pulta. Hsth pulta puhmh suprncnrsh juflma `f of`tf mh shpfrfjnúl shpfrfjnúl mh `as sãcea`as mh `fs ulnmfmhs quh nlthrvhl nlthrvhldfl dfl hl h` pramujta, la sh prhsth f jalousnúl. Hihcp`a9 Lc a Lc, tfcenîl cL phra la9 cL quh sh jaloulmh jal cn`nlhwtal, suecù`tnp`a mh `f ulnmfm mh ouhrzf, jal `f ulnmfm mh cachlta mh ulf ouhrzf a mh ul pfr (lhwtal chtra) 8.- Juflma ulf ulnmfm mhrnvfmf sh oarcf par h` jajnhlth mh mas ulnmfmhs, sh puhmh utn`nzfr ulf `ãlhf nlj`nlfmf, ulf `ãlhf garnzaltf` a enhl pathljnfs lhdftnvfs. Hihcp`a9 c/s a cs-6 pfrf mhsndlfr `f ulnmfm mh vh`ajnmfm9 chtra par shdulma ?.- La mheh utn`nzfrsh cæs mh ulf `ãlhf nlj`nlfmf f chlas quh sh fdrhduhl pfrîlthsns. Hl `as jfsas jacp`njfmas, mhehl utn`nzfrsh pathljnfs lhdftnvfs a pfrîlthsns Hihcp`as9 c/s5 a cs-5, phra la9 c/s/s ckd / (s:F) a ckds-:F-6, phra la9 ckd/s:/F 4.- @as cù`tnp`as y suecù`tnp`as mh `fs ulnmfmhs sh oarcfl flthpalnhlma f` lacerh mh îstfs, `as prhonias jarrhspalmnhlths jal hxjhpjnúl mh `as lacerhs mh `as cù`tnp`as y suecù`tnp`as mh `f ulnmfm mh cfsf hl `as juf`hs `as prhonias sh flthpalhl f `f pf`ferf "drfca" Hihcp`a9 mfd, Cd (mhjfdrfca; chdfdrfca) ks, mc (kn`ashdulma; mhjãchtra) 7.- @as sãcea`as mh `as prhonias mhehl shr ncprhsas hl jfrfjthrhs racflas (rhjtas), snl hspfjna hltrh h` sãcea`a mh` prhonia y h` sãcea`a mh `f ulnmfm Hihcp`a9 cL (cn`nlhwtal) y la9 c L >.- Zn ul sãcea`a quh jaltnhlh f ul prhonia hstæ fohjtfma mh ul hxpalhlth, nlmnjf quh h` cù`tnp`a mh `f ulnmfm hstæ h`hvfma f `f pathljnf hxprhsfmf par h` hxpalhlth Hihcp`a9 6 jc: 3 (62-5 c): 3 62-? c: 6 jc-6 3 (62-5 c)-6 3 625 c-6 62.- @as prhonias jacpuhstas mhehl hvntfrsh Hihcp`a9 6 lc (ul lflúchtra)
Rædnlf ? mh :4
6>2=
6>6:
H` prnchr tuea mh vfjãa ouh nlvhltfma par Iagl Fcerash O`hcnld. Jaca ul O`hcnld. mhthjtar pfrf almfs mh rfmna. mh rfmna.
F]&] mhsfrra``a `as prnchras trãamas mh tuea mh vfjãa. vfjãa.
6>68 @hh mh Oarhst jrha h`
6>65
a p c n h t ` h m f h l ã @
Ondurf 6. Rrnchr tuea mh vfjãa
8 2 > 6
2 2 > 6
‐Fumnal Rnfla–. H`
prnchr nlstruchlta jal væ`vu`fs h`hjtrúlnjfs.
_frnfs phrsalfs rhjalajnhral quh Fumnal pamãf trfefifr jaca fcp`nonjfmar.
2 6 > 6
8 6 > 6
2 5 > 6
6>2? 5> mh Hlhra 6>24
H` prnchr fcp`nonjfmar mh fumna ouh ofernjfma par @hh Mh Oarhst.
Fumnal, h` juf` hs Fumnal, jalsnmhrfma h` prnchr trnama. ouh pfthltfma. pfthltfma.
= mh Cfrza 6>2? Uaehrt _al @nhehl pfthltf h` prnchr tuea mh trhs h`hchltas, ul tuea ``hla mh vfpar mh chrjurna jal ulf rhin``f mh jaltra`.
Ondurf 5.Fumnal Mnspasntnva Mnspasntnva pfrf fcp`nonjfr jarrnhlths mîen`hs
Rædnlf 4 mh :4
Mnjnhcerh mh 6>=4 Iagl Efrmhhl, Tf`thr Gaushr Erfttfnl y Tn``nfc Erfmoarm Zgajk`hy mhsfrra``fl h` prnchr trflsnstar. ‐]rflsnstar enpa`fr–.
Ondurf :. Iu`nus Hmdfr @n`nhloh`m
6>58 Iu`nus Hmdfr @n`nhloh`m nlvhlta h` CAZOH].
8 5 > 6
Ondurf =. ]rflsnstar enpa`fr.
2 : > 6
8 : > 6
2 = > 6
8 = > 6
6>=?
Ondurf 8. ]htrama
Zh mhsfrra``ú h` fcp`nonjfmar Tn``nfcsal, pramujtar mh ul salnma mh cfyar jf`nmfm.
6>:2 Zh phrohjjnalfl `as tueas h`hjtrúlnjas mh vfjãa, lfjhl h` ]htrama y Rhltama jal cæs h`hchltas hltrh h` jætama y h` ælama.
Ondurf ?. Fcp`nonjfmar Tn`nfcsal
Rædnlf 7 mh :4
6745 Cfttn Atf`f mhsjuernú `f mnstarsnúl mh nlthrcamu`fjnúl
Ondurf 4. Fcp`nonjfmar mh væ`vu`fs. 6>?2 @as drfcúoalas y `as th`hvnsarhs gnjnhral papu`frhs f `as fcp`nonjfmarhs mh væ`vu`fs.
6>8? Efrmhhl, Erfmoarm y Zgajk`hy ouhral df`frmalfmas jal h` Rrhcna Laeh` mh Oãsnjf
8 8 > 6
2 8 > 6
8 ? > 6
2 ? > 6
2 4 > 6
6>?4 @f pfthlth (XZ5???767F) mh` trflsnstar ouh jaljhmnmf f Tn``nfc Zgajk`hy
6>86 @f pfthlth (XZ:::>27?) mh` trflsnstar mh iulturf (a ulnúl) `h ouh jaljhmnmf f Tn``nfc Zgajk`hy
Föas 42 @f thjla`adãf mh væ`vu`f sh sustntuyú par h` trflsnstar mh sn`njna. @as trflsnstarhs fcp`nonjfefl h` salnma chmnflth h` jfcena mh `f thlsnúl mh `f hltrfmf mh fumna f trfvîs mh `f utn`nzfjnúl mh shcnjalmujtarhs.
Rrnljnpnas mh `as föas 72 Fpfrhjhl `as fcp`nonjfmarhs tnpa G
Rædnlf > mh :4
6.4 ±Juæ` hs `f pathljnf mnsnpfmf par ul rhsnstar mh 8 T sn `f jarrnhlth hs mh = F1
HIHUJNJNAZ JFRÃ]X@A 6 6.6 Mhthrcnlh `f jarrnhlth pramujnmf par `f jalhxnúl mh ulf efthrãf mh >_ f ulf rhm juyf ulf
ℯ
rhsnsthljnf
hs 5.5 3 3 3 5.>5ℯ 3 =.2>
6.5 Jf`ju`h `f rhsnsthljnf mh ul oaja mh ?2T sn ul va`tfih fp`njfma mh 652_ pramujh ulf jarrnhlth mh 822cF
652∕ 3 5=2ℯ 3 3 3 82262
6.: Jf`ju`h `f jarrnhlth f trfvîs mh ul rhsnstar mh 5kℯ hl `f ondurf 6.= sn `f jfãmf mh va`tfih f
trfvîs
mh
h
hs
mh
3 3 562 6?ℯ 3 7
6?_
6.= Jf`ju`h h` va`tfih quh mheh fp`njfrsh f trfvîs mh` jfutãl castrfma hl `f ondurf 6.8 pfrf hstfe`hjhr ulf jarrnhlth mh 6.8F f trfvîs mh î` sn
72ℯ
3 3 3 3 6.872ℯ 72ℯ 3 652 su
rhsnsthljnf
nlthrlf
hs
mh
6.8 Mhthrcnlh jal `fs hjufjnalhs (6.8) y (6.4) `f rhsnsthljnf fsajnfmf jal `f jurvf mh `f ondurf (6.>), y jacpfrh `as rhsu`tfmas Hl _3?_, N3:cF y Rfrf
R 3 N5 U 3 (= F)5 (8ℯ) 3 72 T
6.7 Zn h` va`tfih lacnlf` hs mh 652 _, mhthrcnlh `as wftts quh jalsuch h` oaja. ]fcenîl jf`ju`h su rhsnsthljnf hl jalmnjnalhs lacnlf`hs. F 652 _9 N 3 2.?58 F R 3 _N 3 (2.?58F) (652_) 3 48 T
3 3 652 2.?58 3 6>5 ℯ
6.> Mhthrcnlh `f jarrnhlth f trfvîs mh 6 rhsnstar mh 8 KT juflma `f pathljnf mnsnpfmf par h` h`hchlta hs mh 52 cT.
∕ 5 52 2 62 3 3 8 62ℯ 3 ∙ = 62∕ 3 5 62∕ 3 5
6.62 Jf`ju`h h` jalsuca par jaljhpta mh hlhrdãf h`îjtrnjf sn `f `hjturf prhvnf ouh mh =?82 KTg y h` jasta prachmna hl su ærhf hs mh 66 jhltfvas ( ¢) par kn`awftt/garf.
7_,
8:?2KTg ‚ =?82KTg 3 462 KTg jalsucnmas 462 KTg
U3@as rhsu`tfmas sal
6.66 ±Juæltf hlhrdãf (hl kn`awftt garfs) sh rhqunhrh pfrf hljhlmhr ul oaja mh ?2 T jaltnlufchlth murflth 6 föa (:?8 mãfs)1
h` 3nlthrvf`a 3 : : ? 3?_5ℯ ^ 3 ∏∏ 3 65 3 5ℯ
hqunvf`hlths
6.? Mhthrcnlh `f pathljnf hltrhdfmf f` catar mh jm mh `f ondurf 6.6:
3 3 3 652 65288 3 ?22 3 2.?
¢¢ 3 $47.62
6222 ?25=ℌ/ã 3?25=ℌ/ã :?8ã :?8ã 3 3 858,6222?22 3 858. 6222?2 ℌ
Rædnlf 62 mh :4
3 6 6>7>.=>5 248:: 3 6>7>.:: 3 552 3 >.2=
±Juælta tnhcpa puhmh hstfr hljhlmnmf 6.65 ulf ]_ mh p`fscf mh :=2 T flths mh quh jalsucf cæs mh = KTg mh hlhrdãf1
3 6222 6222 ↕ 3ℌ ℌ = ℌ ℌ :=2 3 6222 6222 6222 6222 366.4? ℌ
6.6? ±Juæ` hs `f sf`nmf hl jfef``as mh ouhrzf mh ul catar jal ulf honjnhljnf mh` 72% y ulf jarrnhlth mh hltrfmf mh 7ª f 652_1
% 3 3 622% 2.72 3 6527 7 3 3 2.722 652 652 7 3 4?7 6ℌ 3 6.2:ℌ 4?7 4=?
6.6: ±Juæ` hs h` jasta mh utn`nzfr ul catar mh 8gp murflth mas garfs sn `f tfrnof hs mh 66 jhltfvas par kn`awftt garf1
3 8 ℌ 4=?/ℌ5ℌ 3 6222 622266 3 4.=?ℌ 3 4.=?ℌ ( ) 3 75.2? ℌ
±Juæ` hs h` jasta tatf` mh utn`nzfr tamas 6.6= `as fpfrftas sndunhlths f 66 jhltfvas par kn`awftt garf1 Xl tastfmar mh 6.5kT murflth :2 cnlutas Zhns oajas mh 82T murflth =g Xlf `fvfmarf mh 822T murflth =8 cnlutas Xlf shjfmarf mh rapf mh =.:kT murflth 52 cnlutas Xlf jacputfmarf mh 72T murflth ?g
82=ℌ=ℌ 822 2.2.8ℌℌ ?82 82262222.2.48ℌ8ℌ =.: 2.2.::ℌ:ℌ 72?ℌ 3 6.5
662>ℌ 6222 ) 3 =8 3 3 ==.277ℌ 2>ℌ >ℌ 3 (=.ℌ 6.68
6.64 Zn l32.78, mhthrcnlh `f hlhrdãf mh sf`nmf sn `f hlhrdãf fp`njfmf hs mh 82I
⟾ ⟾ 3 2.7882 3 3 =5.8 3 >2 >2%, %, 3 78% 78%, , 3 >8% 3 3 . >2. 78. >8 3 .454 ú 45.4% 3 3 . =2=2.. 7878.. >8>8 3 .:5: ú :5.:%
Mhthrcnlh `f honjnhljnf tatf` mh` 6.67 snsthcf castrfma hl `f ondurf 6.6> sn
6.6> Zn `f honjnhljnf sh rhmujh f =2%, sh mhthrcnlh `f luhvf honjnhljnf tatf` y jacpfrh h` rhsu`tfma aethlnma hl h` hihcp`a flthrnar.
HIHUJNJNAZ JFRÃ]X@A 5 5.6 Mhthrcnlf
Xl catar mh 5 gp aphrf jal ulf
honjnhljnf mh` 48% ‗Juf` hs `f pathljnf mh
hltrfmf hl wftts1 Zn h` va`tfih fp`njfma hs mh 552_, ±Juæ` hs `f jarrnhlth mh hltrfmf1
622% % 3 5ℌ4=? ℌ 2.48 3
66 mh :4 Rædnlf 66 mh
,
,
mfma h` sndunhlth jnrjunta.
Za`ujnúl (6). H-_M-_U32 Zn _U 3 2, H3 _M (5) H-_MZn _M 3 2 NM 3 H/U
3 2
∔∔
NM3 62 _ / 822 ή 3 52 cF
5.: Mhthrcnlf
,
,
mfma h` sndunhlth jnrjunta.
_M 3 62 _ f) NMM 3 67.8 cF
Zh jalvnhrth hl h` sndunhlth jnrjunta hqunvf`hlth.
_MM3 2.47 _ e) _U 3 NU*U _U3 (67.8 cF) (822 ή) _U3 ->.: _
5.5 Mhthrcnlf
,
,
mfma h` sndunhlth jnrjunta.
Hjufjnúl 69 H ‚ _M _M ‚ NM*U NM*U 3 2 H 3 _M + NM*U _M 3 H ‚ NM*U NM*U _M 3 H ‚ 2(U) 2(U) _M 3 7 _ _U 3 NM* U
NM 3 2 F
_U 3 (:.:6 cF) (5.5 k ή)
_U 3 2 _
_U3 4.57 v
5.= Mhthrcnlf
,
,
_M 3 2.4 7v - 2.4v ‚ NM*U NM*U 3 2 4.:v ‚ NM NM (5.5 k ή) 3 2 NM3 (4.: v) / (5.5 k ή) 3 :.:6 cF
_fk3 _f ‚ _k _k 65 mh :4 Rædnlf 65 mh
mfma h` sndunhlth jnrjunta.
_fk 3 2.8 _ ‚ 2 2 _
NM 3 ( >.8 v ) / ( ?72 ή)
_fk 3 2.8 _
5.? Mhthrcnlf Zh jalvnhrth hl h` jnrjunta hqunvf`hlth sndunhlth
,
,
mfma h` sndunhlth jnrjunta.
Zh jalvnhrth hl h` sndunhlth jnrjunta hqunvf`hlth.
NM 3 2 _U 3 (2F) (6. 5 K ή)
_U 3 2 v _M 3 2.8 v
5.8 Mhthrcnlf
,
_a 3 N U U 3 N M U 3 (2 F) U F) U 3 2 _ _ M5 M5 3 _ jnrjunta jnrjunta fenhrta 3 H 3 52 _ H - _ M6 M6 - _ M5 M5 - _a 3 2 M6 - _a 3 52 _ - 2 ‚ 2 3 52 _ _ M5 3 H - _ M6 _a 3 2 _
mfma h` sndunhlth jnrjunta.
5.4 Mhthrcnlf
Q 3 6.7
Hjufjnúl
,
,
, N mfma h` sndunhlth jnrjunta.
Hjufjnúl 65 v ‚ 2.4 2.4 v ‚ 6.7 6.7 3 _a _a 3 >.8 _ NM 3 (_U) / (U) NM 3 6: . >4 cF
62 v ‚ NU NU ‚ 2.4 2.4 v ‚ NU NU + 8_ 3 2 6: mh :4 Rædnlf 6: mh
_a3 62.> -4.:7= 3 2.4v
Za`ujnúl
>.: v ‚ NU NU ‚ NU NU + 8v 3 2
3 3 52252ℯ 3 62
_a 3 - 2,=:7=6 v 6=.: v ‚ NU NU ‚ NU NU 3 2v
36(Nj 3 Nh)
N3 5,245 cF
N@ 3 Nn 362 cF _@ 3 N@ U
_6 3 (=.4 k ή) (5.245cF) _5 3 (5.5k ή) (5.245cF)
ℯ
3 (62 cF) (8K )
_63 >.4:7= v
3 82 _
_5 3 =.887= v
F_ 3
HIHUJNJNAZ JFRÃ]X@A : :.6 f. F pfrtnr mh `fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh `f ondurf sndunhlth, NH3: cF ymhthrcnlh _JE 62 `f _.jarrnhlth mh` ja`hjtar sn e. Xtn`nzflma `fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh `f ondurf :.7 mhthrcnlh `f jarrnhlth mh` ja`hjtar sn NH phrcflhjh hl : cF y _JE sh rhmujh f 5 _. j. Jal `fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh `fs ondurfs :.4 y :.7, mhthrcnlh _EH sn NJ sn NJ = cF y _JE 52 _. m. Uhpntf `f pfrth (j) utn`nzflma `fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh `fs ondurfs :.7 y :.62j. 3
3
3
:.:
3 82 3 582 522
f. Xtn`nzflma `fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh `f ondurf :.6=, mhthrcnlh NJ hl NE 3 :2uF y _jh 3 62 _. e. Xsflma `fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh `f ondurf :.6=, mhthrcnlh NJ hl hl _EH 32.4_ y _jh 3 68 _.
Za`ujnúl9 f. Hl `f nlthrshjjnúl mh Ne 3 :2uF y _jh 3 62 _, NJ 3 :.= cF. e. Xtn`nzflma `f Ond. :.6=e, Ne 3 52uF hl _EH 2.4 _. Hl `f Ond. :.6=f hljaltrfcas quh Nj j. 3 5.8 cF hl `f nlthrshjjnúl mh Ne 3 52uF y _ jh 368 _. :.= Zn `f jarrnhlth mh` hcnsar mh ul trflsnstar hs 7 cF h NE hs 6/622 mh NJ, mhthrcnlh `as lnvh`hs mh NJ h NE.
Za`ujnúl quh NJ f. @fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs nlmnjfl j`frfchlth quh NJ NH 3 : cF.
Za`ujnúl9
H` hohjta mh jfcenfr e. NJ snduh snhlma : cF._JE hs nlsndlnonjflth h j. Zhdùl `f ondurf :.7 cF. Hl `f ondurf :.4 h` lnvh` rhsu`tflth mh _EH hs f`rhmhmar mh 2.4= _. m. Mh luhva, shdùl `f ondurf :.7, cF. Znl hcefrda, hl `f ondurf :.62j, _EH hs 2.4 _ pfrf juf`qunhr lnvh` mh jarrnhlth mh` hcnsar.
≈
NE 3 6 622 J N
⇕
NJ 3 622NE
NH 3 NJ + NE 3 622NE + NE 3 626NE NE 3 7 cF 626 626 H N 3 3 4>.56 ΰF
:.5
NJ 3 622NE 3 622(4>.56 ΰF) 3 4.>56 cF
:.8 Xsflma `fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh `f ondurf :.4, mhthrcnlh _EH f NH 8 cF pfrf _JE 6, 62 y 52 _. 6= mh :4 Rædnlf 6= mh
±Hs rfzalfe`h supalhr mh cflhrf fpraxncfmf quh _JE tnhlh sa`a ul `ndhra hohjta hl `f rh`fjnúl hltrh _EH y NH1
h. Xsflma `f Ond. :.62 (e) NH 3 8 cF mf jaca rhsu`tfma _EH 2.76 _ o. Xtn`nzflma `f Ond. :.62 (j) NH 3 8 cF mf jaca rhsu`tfma _EH 3 2.4 _ d. Zã, `f mnohrhljnf hl `as lnvh`hs mh _EH puhmh ndlarfrsh pfrf `f cfyarãf mh `fs fp`njfjnalhs sn `as va`tfihs mh _frnas va`tnas hstæl prhshlths hl `f rhm.
≈
Za`ujnúl NH 3 8 cF, _JE 3 6 _9 _EH 3 722 c_ _JE 3 62 _9 _EH 3 442 c_
:.7
_JE 3 52 _9 _EH 3 482 c_ H` jfcena hl _JE hs 52 _9 6 _ 3 529 6 H` jfcena rhsu`tflth hl _EH hs 722 c_9 482 c_ 3 6.249 6 (cuy `hvh)
mhthrcnlh N JJ sn N sn N H 3 = cF. f. Mfmf ζjm mh 2.>>7, mhthrcnlh N N JJ 3 ζ N H 3 (2.>>7) (=cF) 3:.>>5cF
:.?
sn N H 35.7 cF h N h N E 3 52 3 52 ¸F. e. Mhthrcnlh ζjm sn N
f. Xsflma `fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh `f ondurf :.7, mhthrcnlh `f jarrnhlth mh ja`hjtar rhsu`tflth sn NH =.8 cF y _JE = _. e. Uhpntf `f pfrth (f) pfrf NH =.8 cF y _JE 6? _. j. ±Júca gfl fohjtfma `as jfcenas hl h` _JE f` lnvh` rhsu`tflth mh NJ1 m. Hl ulf efsh fpraxncfmf, ±júca sh rh`fjnalfl NH h
N H3 N JJ + N J3 2.25cF 3 N E N J3 N H - N E 3 5.7cF ‚ 2.25cF 5.47cF ζjm3 N JJ / N H 3 5.47cF/5.7cF3 2.>>: Q =2 cF y ζ jm 3 2.>7. j. Hljuhltrh N Hljuhltrh N H sn N sn N E Q
/ζ∕ ∕. .
NJ hl efsh f `as rhsu`tfmas flthrnarhs1 Za`ujnúl9
N J3 N E 3 (=2¸F) 36.>?cF J3 ε N E 3 N H 3 (( )3 6.>?cF/2.>>:3 5cF
≈≈ ≈
f. NJ NH 3 =.8 cF e. NJ NH 3 =.8 cF j. mhsprhjnfe`h9 h` jfcena la sh puhmh mhthjtfr hl hsth jaliulta mh jfrfjthrãstnjfs. jfrfjthrãstnjfs. m. NJ NH
:.4 f. Xsflma `fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh `fs Onds. :.4 y :.7, mhthrcnlh NJ sn _JE 62 _ y _EH f. 722 c_. e. Mhthrcnlh _EH(e) sn NJ 8 cF`fs y _JE 62_. j. Uhpntf `f pfrth usflma jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh `f ondurf :.62e. m. Uhpntf `f pfrth (e) usflma `fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh `f ondurf :.62j. h. Jacpfrh `fs sa`ujnalhs pfrf _EH pfrf `fs pfrths (e), (j) y (m). ±Zh puhmh ndlarfr `f mnohrhljnf sn o. ±Zh hljuhltrfl tãpnjfchlth lnvh`hs mh va`tfih cfyarhs quh ulas pajas va`tnas1
(@as mhcæs vf`arhs mh` jnrjunta la jfcenfl.) Nn3 _n/ U n3822c_/52 3822c_/52 ή358cF N@ Nn358cF _@3 N@ U @3 (58cF) (6k ή) 358_
≈
Fv3_2/_n358_/2.8_382
:.62 Jf`ju`h `f dflfljnf mh va`tfih ( Fv ( Fv 3_@/ _@/_n) _n) pfrf `f rhm mh ``ff ondurf :.65 sn `f rhsnsthljn rhsnsthljnff nlthrlf mh `f ouhlth hs mh 622 ή hl shrnh jal _n. _n. Nn3_n/U n+U s3522c_/52 3522c_/52 ή+622 ή3 522c_/ 652ή 3 6.?4cF N@3Nn36.?4cF
Za`ujnúl9 f. e. j. m.
:.> Jf`ju`h `f dflfljnf mh va`tfih ( Fv Fv 3_@/ _@/_n) _n) pfrf `f rhm mh `f ondurf :.7 sn _n 3 822 c_ y U y U636 k 36 k ή
≈ ≈≈
Xsflma `f Ond. :.4 prnchra, NH 4 cF @uhda `f Ond. :.7 rhsu`tf hl NJ 3 4 cF Xsflma `f Ond. :.7 prnchra, NH 8 cF @uhda, `f Ond. :.4 rhsu`tf hl _EH 2.47 _
_@3N@U3 (6.?4cF) (8k ή) 37.:8_ Fv3_2/_n37.:8_/2.5_3=6.48 37.:8_/2.5_3=6.48
68 mh :4 Rædnlf 68 mh
Za`ujnúl9
HIHUJNJNAZ JFRÃ]X@A = =.6 Mhthrcnlh `a sndunhlth pfrf `f jalondurfjnúl mh pa`frnzfjnúl onif mh `f sndunhlth sndunhlth ondurf.
NJst 3 _UJJJ 3 5.65_5K 3 . .
ή
=.: Jal `f rhjtf mh jfrdf mh `f sndunhlth ondurf y h` pulta V mhonln mhonlnma, ma, mhthrcn mhthrcnlh lh `as vf`arhs rhquhrnmas mh , y pfrf ulf jalondurfjnúl mh pa`frnzfjnúl onif.
Jnrjunta mh pa`frnzfjnúl onif mh jm pfrf h` hihcp`a =.6.
Za`ujnúl9 f)
NEV 3 ∕ 3 ∕. 3 . NJV 3 NEV 3 8282=4.27 F 3 . . _5.JV: 8cF 3 _JJ 5.5NKJUJ 3 65_ 65_ 3 . . _E 3 _E 3 . . _J 3 _J 3 . _EJ 3 _E _J 3 2.44__ ?.7:_ 7:_ 3 .
ή
ε
e)
ΰ
ή
j)
m) Xtn`nzflma `f latfjnúl mh mae`h sueãlmnjh rhsu`tf
Za`ujnúl9
H` sndla lhdftnva rhvh`f quh `f ulnúl hstæ pa`frnzfmf hl nlvhrsf, jaca mheh shr pfrf `f fcp`nonjfjnúl `nlhf`.
=.5 Mhthrcnlh h` lnvh` mh sfturfjnúl pfrf `f sndunhlth ondurf. Jnrjunta mh pa`frnzfjnúl onif mh jm pfrf h` hihcp`a =.5 6? mh :4 Rædnlf 6? mh
_J 3 _JJ _ 3JJ jal NJ 3 NEV 3 UJ 3 jal _J 3 52_ 3 UJ 3 _NJJJ 3 62cF NE 3 _JJ UE_E UE 3 _JJ E _E 3 52_ 2.4_ N 3 58ΰF
3 . . _E 3 _E 33 . 2..44_ _5.226_6_
=.= Rfrf `f rhm mh pa`frnzfjnúl mh hcnsar mh `f sndunhlth ondurf, mhthrcnlh9 f) _EJ e) _E j) _H m) _J
o)
d)
JH h) o) N_J d) NE
_33EJ. _. E _J>7_ 5. 346_68. _ 3 N3 5. ≈26 6ℯ 3
(pa`frnzfjnúl hl nlvhrsf, jaca
sh rhqunhrh)
5.26 v
=.8 Rrhpfrh ulf tfe`f y jacpfrh `fs jarrnhlths y va`tfihs mh `as jnrjuntas mh `f mh` hihcp`a =.6 y =.= jal h` vf`ar mfma mh ε382 y jal ul vf`ar luhva mh ε3622. Jacpfrh `as jfcenas mh N J y _JH jal h` cnsca nljrhchlta mh ε.
Za`ujnúl9 Xtn`nzflma `as rhsu`tfmas jf`ju`fmas hl h` hihcp`a =.6 y `uhda rhpntnhlma jal ul vf`ar mh ε3622 sh aetnhlh `a sndunhlth9
Jnrjunta mh pa`frnzfjnúl hstfen`nzfmf par hcnsar pfrf h` hihcp`a =.= f)
e)
∕ 3 ℯ+ ℯ+ ∕.ℯ NE 3 ++ 6>.=76K:_ 3 . 3 3 8282=2.26 . 3_JJ NJUJ U _≈J. 3 52_ 52_ 5.26 cF3 52_5Kℯ6Kℯ ? 2 : _ 3 . _J 3 _JJ NJUJ 33 .52_ 52_ 5.26 cF cF5Kℯ 5Kℯ 3 52_ 52_ =.25_ 25_ 3
ή
Ε
NE (
82 622
=2.6 :?.:
4?%.
m)
h)
_J >4_ 3_68. 3 _>J7_6:.
)
NJ ( ) 5.26 :.?:
6:.>4 >.66
Zh vh quh `f jarrnhlth mh ja`hjtar EI] jfcenf hl 622% mhenma f` jfcena mh 622% mh` vf`ar mh e. H` vf`ar mh NE hs h` cnsca y _JH sh rhmuia hl
j)
64 mh :4 Rædnlf 64 mh
Ε
NE (
82 622
=4.27 =4.27
)
NJ ( ) 5.:8 =.46
?.7: 6.?=
Fgarf, h` nljrhchlta mh `f jarrnhlth mh` ja`hjtar EI] hs mh 76% mhenma f` nljrhchlta mh` 622% hl e. Aeshrvh quh NE sh rhmuia, `a quh fyumf f cflthlhr h` vf`ar mh NJ, a par `a chlas f rhmujnr h` jfcena tatf` mh NJ mhenma f` jfcena mh e. H` jfcena mh _JH sh rhmuia hl fpraxncfmfchlth :8%.
≈ .. , ≈ . .
=.? Mhthrcnlh `f jarrnhlth mh sfturfjnúl mh `f rhm mh` hihcp`a =.=.
NJst 3 U J_ JJ U 3 52_ 3 52_ 5Kℯ6Kℯ 3 . . :Kℯ
@a juf` hs fpraxncfmfchlth trhs vhjhs h` lnvh` mh pfrf h` hihcp`a =.=
=.4
j) @f ehtf mh jm rhsu`tflth hs
.:cF 3 ε 3 NNEJVV 3 :68ΰF
f) ]rfjh `f rhjtf mh jfrdf pfrf `f rhm mh `f ondurf =.5?f hl `fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh` trflsnstar quh fpfrhjh hl `f dræonjf sndunhlth. e) Rfrf ul pulta V hl `f nlthrshjjnúl mh `f rhjtf mh jfrdf jal ulf jarrnhlth mh efsh mh 52 ,
mhthrcnlh `as vf`arhs mh j) Mhthrcnlh `f ehtf mh jm hl h` pulta V. m) Xtn`nzflma `f ehtf mh `f rhm mhthrcnlfmf hl `f pfrth j, jf`ju`h h` vf`ar rhquhrnma mh y sudnhrf ul pasne`h vf`ar hstælmfr.
m) Fp`njflma `f hjufjnúl =.64
NE 3 U E _JJ ε _3E6UUE 55266. 67_2.4_ 6 Kή 64.:_ 6 Kή ^ 68 ΰF 3 UE 5566. 64.:_6Kή 3 UE 5=:. mh cama quh 3 68ΰF U E 68ΰF 68ΰF5=:. 5=:.6Kή Kή 3 .. ^ 68ΰF 68ΰFUUE 3 64.:_ :.?8_ 3 . UE 3 668ΰF 68ΰF :.?8_ 3
Za`ujnúl9 f) Zh rhqunhrhl mas pultas hl `fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs pfrf trfzfr `f rhjtf mh jfrdf. Hl
3 2 N 3 + 3 . .+. 3 . 3 . 3 2 _J 3 _JJ 3
Hl
=.7 Mhthrcnlh h` va`tfih mh pa`frnzfjnúl _JH y `f jarrnhlth NJ pfrf `f jalondurfjnúl mh pa`frnzfjnúl mh` mnvnsar mh va`tfih mh `f ondurf sndunhlth
e) @f rhjtf mh jfrdf rhsu`tflth fpfrhjh hl `f ondurf =.54. Rar `fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh `f ondurf =.54 aethlhcas
67 mh :4 Rædnlf 67 mh
622 6.8Kℯ ≨ 62:.>Kℯ 682Kℯ ≨ :>Kℯ _E 3 UU _JJU :>Kℯ55v > K K 3 3_E 3 :>:>Kℯ:.
-
35_ ‚ 2.4_ 2.4_
Jnrjunta mh ehtf hstfen`nzfmf pfrf h` hihcp`a =.7
36.:_
≈ 3 3 6.6.8:ℯ 3 . . 3 3 55 . . 77?4?4 6 622 6. 6.8ℯ 3 55 >.>4 3 . .
Ug :>Kή:. 3 ∨ > Kή 3 :>Kή 3 . :> Kή :. > Kή Hg 3 :>:>Kή 55_:. Kή H:.>g>Kή KKήή 3 NE 3 ε 6 5_2.4_ 8 Kή 3 :.8 8Kℯ6266. 6.: 8ℯ 3 :.8 8ℯ686. 3 . NJ 3 ε 355_2. _ 622 622 3 7.77. =cF62Kℯ6. :7ΰF 7ΰF 3 .. 8Kℯ 5555__ >.???_?_ 3 ..
=.62 Uhpntf h` flæ`nsns hxfjta mh` hihcp`a =.7 sn ε sh rhmujh f 82 y jacpfrh `fs sa`ujnalhs mh y y .
Za`ujnúl9 Hsth hihcp`a la hs ulf jacpfrfjnúl mh `as cîtamas hxfjta y fpraxncfma, snla ulf jacpraefjnúl mh juælta sh cavhræ h` pulta V sn h` lnvh` mh ε sh rhmujh f `f cntfm. U ]g y H]g la jfcenfl.
3 :.88ℯ, 8ℯ , 3 5 3 66
=.> Uhpntf h` flæ`nsns mh `f ondurf mh` hihcp`a =.7 utn`nzflma `f tîjlnjf fpraxncfmf y jacpfrh `fs sa`ujnalhs pfrf
3 (82) (6?.5=¸F)
Za`ujnúl9
≨ 62
6.: 8ℯ 5 2.4 8ℯ 3 :.8 8ℯ4?. 3 :.8 8ℯ866. 3 6?.5=ΰ 3
32.76 c F 6> mh :4 Rædnlf 6> mh
3
3 3 67 66..>7 8. 8.??ℯℯ 6.55kℯkℯ 3 =.8=
355_-(2.76 cF) (62kℯ+6.8kℯ)
365.?> _
F` tfeu`fr `as rhsu`tfmas, aethlhcas ε
622 82
Flæ`nsns fpraxncfma9
2.7=cF 2.76cF
65.:=_ 65.?>_
3 3 :. 7 36 ::..6766 2. 2.4 3 :.66 ≈ 3 3 6.5ℯ 3 5.8> 3 3 6767 5 5..8> >88??ℯℯ 6.55ℯℯ 3 :.77
=.66 Mhthrcnlh `as lnvh`hs mh y pfrf `f jalondurfjnúl mh` mnvnsar mh va`tfih mh `f ondurf =.:4 par chmna mh `fs tîjlnjfs hxfjtf y fpraxncfmf, y jacpfrh `fs sa`ujnalhs. Hl hsth jfsa, `fs jalmnjnalhs mh `f hjufjnúl (=.::) la sh sftnsofræl y `as rhsu`tfmas rhvh`fræl `f mnohrhljnf hl `f sa`ujnúl sn sh ndlarf h` jrnthrna mh `f hjufjnúl (=.::).
F` tfeu`fr `as rhsu`tfmas, thlhcas
Hxfjta Fpraxncfma
=.65
6.>7 5.8>
=.8= :.77
NJV
Mhthrcnlh `as lnvh`hs qunhsjhlths mh pfrf `f rhm mh `f ondurf sndunhlth.
_JV
Jalondurfjnúl mh` mnvnsar mh va`tfih mh` hihcp`a =.66
Za`ujnúl9 Flæ`nsns hxfjta9 Hj. (=.::)9 εU H≨62U 5 (82) (6.5k ℯ) ℯ) ≨62(55kℯ)
?2kℯ ≶ 552kℯla jacpraefmf 3 ∨ 3 75kℯ ∨ 55kℯ 3 64.:8kℯ 3 3 55kℯ67_ 75kℯ55kℯ 3 :.76 2.455kℯ67_ 3 66 3 :64..76:8kℯ866. 5 kℯ :.66 3 ε 3 82 823:>.47.:>.8?8kℯ 8kℯΰΰ 3 6.:>.>7 ?ΰ
Uhm mh` hihcp`a =.65.
52 mh :4 Rædnlf 52 mh
Za`ujnúl9
. =.=69 3 3 582ℯ>2=. 6262 2.4ℯ6. 44 5ℯ
y
: >.: 3 >.476ℯ 3 582ℯ8:6ℯ 3 66.>6ΰ 6ΰ 3 3 >2>266.66.>6ΰ 36.2 34 3 62 6.24=.4ℯ6.5ℯ 3 62 ?.:6 3 :.?>
3 3 6:87.7>ΰ 3 6.5 3 33 62 6. 4. 6. 2 5 5 7 =. =. 4 4ℯ ℯ 6. 5 ℯ ℯ 5.>5
=.6= Mhthrcnlh h` lnvh` mh jm mh NE y _J pfrf `f rhm mh `f ondurf sndunhlth.
=.6: Uhpntf h` hihcp`a =.65 jal ulf ehtf mh 6:8 (82% cfyar quh hl h` hihcp`a =.65). Za`ujnúl9 Hs ncpartflth shöf`fr hl `f sa`ujnúl mh NE hl h` hihcp`a =.65, quh h` shdulma tîrcnla mh` mhlacnlfmar mh `f hjufjnúl hs cfyar quh h` prnchra. Uhjuhrmh par ul flæ`nsns rhjnhlth quh juflta cfyar hs h` shdulma tîrcnla hl jacpfrfjnúl jal h` prnchra, chlar hs `f shlsnen`nmfm f `as jfcenas hl ehtf. Hl hsth hihcp`a h` lnvh` mh ehtf sh nljrhchltf hl 82%, `a quh `f cfdlntum mh hsth shdulma tîrcnla fuchltfræ fùl cæs jacpfrfma jal h` prnchra. Hs cæs ncpartflth shöf`fr hl hstas hihcp`as, snl hcefrda, quh ulf vhz quh h` shdulma tîrcnla hs rh`ftnvfchlth drflmh jacpfrfma jal h` prnchra, `f shlsnen`nmfm f `as jfcenas hl ehtf hs chlar mh cflhrf sndlnonjftnvf.
Uhm mh` hihcp`a =.6=.
Za`ujnúl9 Hl hsth jfsa, `f rhsnsthljnf mh efsh pfrf h` flæ`nsns sh jacpalh mh mas rhsnstarhs jal ul jfpfjntar jalhjtfma mhsmh su ulnúl f tnhrrf. Rfrf h` cama mh jm, h` jfpfjntar fsuch `f hqunvf`hljnf mh jnrjunta fenhrta y U E 3 U 6+U 5. Uhsa`vnhlma pfrf NE aethlhcas
Uhsa`vnhlma pfrf NE aethlhcas
3 62 62 2.44ℯ6. 5ℯ 3 582ℯ6:8=. >.: 8ℯ 3 62=?. >.:8ℯ 3 582ℯ4>?. 3 7.7>ΰ
3 6767 48:. 2.4 :ℯ2.86ℯ 3 >6ℯ662ℯ 64.4:8ℯ 64.: 48ℯ 3 =7?. 3 526ℯ578. 3 :8.8ΰ 3
56 mh :4 Rædnlf 56 mh
3 48:8.8ΰ 8ΰ 3 5.?? 3 ½½ ≈ 3 67 5.??:.:ℯ 3 >.67557. 7.47 47
Za`ujnúl9
f. @f rhjtf mh jfrdf hstæ mneuifmf hl `f ondurf =.=8 mhthrcnlfmf par `fs sndunhlths nlthrshjjnalhs9
3 2 99 3 3 :? :?5.4ℯ::2ℯ 3 2 9 9 366. 7 37
=.68 Mfmf `f rhm y jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh `fs sndunhlths ondurfs9 f) ]rfjh `f rhjtf mh jfrdf pfrf `f rhm hl `fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs. e) Mhthrcnlh `f ehtf mh jm hl `f rhdnúl jhltrf` mh `fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs. Mhonlf h` pulta sh`hjjnalfma jaca h` pulta V.
e. @f ehtf mh jm sh mhthrcnlú utn`nzflma NE 358¸F y _JH f`rhmhmar mh 64 _.
.5 3 5=7 ≈ 3 ?58ΰ 3 j.
Xtn`nzflma `f hjufjnúl =.=69
3 862ℯ5=75. :? :? 2. 4 4 4 ℯ::2ℯ :8. : 3 862ℯ486.==ℯ : 3 57ΰ 3 6. :8.5?6ℯ
Mhonlnjnúl mh` pulta pulta V pfrf `f jalon jalondurfjnúl durfjnúl mh pa`frnzfjnúl par par chmna mh` mnvnsa mnvnsarr mh va`tfih.
Jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh` EI]. m. F pfrtnr mh `f ondurf =.=8 `as vf`arhs qunhsjhlths sal
≈ ?.> ≈ 68
Jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh` EI] j) Xtn`nzflma `f ehtf mh jm jf`ju`fmf hl `f pfrth e, hljuhltrh h` vf`ar mh NE. m) Hljuhltrh ^
NJV NJJV.
55 mh :4 Rædnlf 55 mh
=.6? Mhthrcnlh sndunhlth.
_JV NV y
pfrf `f rhm mh `f ondurf
Za`uj Za `ujnn úl9
3 ∕ 3 =6.2.5ℯ4 3 5.48 Hj. (=.=?)9
?26 .48 3 5.4?68 3 =8.3 276 6 3 5?26 3 3 = 62 62 55..48 85.5.=ℯ =ℯ 6.5ℯ 3 6= 5.48:.?ℯ 3 6= >.> 3 =.6 3 3 3 62 ?2=8. ?.=> 27ΰ5=ℯ 3 :.86
Hj. (=.=4)9
Hihcp`a =.6?.
Za`ujnúl9
∕ 3 ++ 52 52 2.4 6>.: : 3 6>.5=2ℯ 5=2ℯ >26 >26 5ℯ 5ℯ 3 5=2ℯ675ℯ 3 =8. 4 :ΰ =55ℯ 3 66 3 52 > >22 66=8=8..4:ΰ:ΰ55ℯℯ 3 52 7. 7.:5 :5 3 66.?7 3=. 36? 66 3 >6=8.4:ΰ
Hj. (=.==)9
Hj. (=.=7)9
^ Hj. (=.=8)9
=.67
Rfrf `f rhm mh `f ondurf sndunhlth9
f. Mhthrcnlh
NJV _JV y
.
e. Hljuhltrh _E, _j, _H, y _EJ,
=.64 Mhthrcnlh `fs jarrnhlths N H h N E y `as va`tfihs _JH y _JE pfrf `f jalondurfjnúl hl efsh jacùl mh `f ondurf =.85.
Uhf`nchltfjnúl mh` ja`hjtar jal UH 3 2 ℯ
Za`ujnúl9 Hihcp`a =.64. 5: mh :4 Rædnlf 5: mh
f. Znl U H, `f rho`hxnúl mh `as lnvh`hs rhsnstnvas sh rhmujh sncp`hchlth f` lnvh` mh U J y `f hjufjnúl pfrf NE sh rhmujh f.
3
^
@f sustntujnúl mf
3 68.?72ℯ652=. 86ΰ5252 2.4 4ℯ ℯ 3 6. 6>.5==ℯ : 3 3 65268. 65268.86ΰ 3 6.7? 3 3 52 6.7?=.4ℯ 3 66.5?
3 3 66. 3 2 2.45? 3 3 2.4 66.5?
3 62.8?
∕ 3 2 3 3 > 2.4 3 7.622ℯ :622ℯ 7:ΰ =8=8 37:ΰ 7:ΰ :.4 3:8 33 =.:.=47:86.5ℯ
3 7. 7:ΰ622ℯ 3 :
=.52 Mhthrcnlh _J y _E pfrf `f rhm mh `f ondurf sndunhlth.
=.6> Mhthrcnlh _j y _E pfrf `f rhm mh `f ondurf sndunhlth.
Hihcp`a =.52.
Za`ujnúl9 Zh mhthrcnlfl `f rhsnsthljnf y h` va`tfih mh ]gîvhlnl pfrf `f rhm f `f nzqunhrmf mh `f efsh, jaca sh cuhstrf hl `fs ondurfs =.8? y =.84.
Hihcp`a =.6>.
Za`ujnúl9 F` fp`njfr `f `hy mh va`tfihs mh Knrjggaoo hl h` shltnma mh `fs cflhjn``fs mh` rh`ai f `f cf``f efsh-hcnsar aethlhcas
U ]g
3 7.5ℯ ∨ 5.5ℯ 3 6.4:ℯ
5= mh :4 Rædnlf 5= mh
3 2
Mhthrcnlfjnúl mh U]g. Zustntujnúl mh` jnrjunta hqunvf`hlth mh ]gîvhlnl. Zustntuyhlma NH3(ε+6) NE mf
6 6 3 2 446666. .8: 662.7ℯ4 3 6. 525244. 3:ℯ6566. 3 56>.8:ℯ 3 :8.3 :>ΰ 33 =.652:8. : >ΰ 5 8 3 523 =. 585. 4ℯ 3 7.8: :3>ΰ6. 3 366.8:: :8. 66.8>4:ℯ
Mhthrcnlfjnúl mh H ]]gg H ]]gg
52 525ℯ 3 62. =2=ℯ 3 3 7.52525ℯ5. 3 :. 7 8 3 :. 378 5.5ℯ 52 3 66.8:
Mh hstf oarcf `f rhm sh puhmh mneuifr atrf vhz jaca sh cuhstrf hl `f ondurf =.87, malmh `f fp`njfjnúl mh `f `hy mh va`tfihs mh Knrjggaoo mf jaca rhsu`tfma.
58 mh :4 Rædnlf 58 mh
Rræjtnjf La. 6 Nlthrofz mh pathljnf JJ. JJ. Hsjfcn``f Zacerf Asnh` Acfr
Carhla Cf`malfma @uns Ohrlflma
Caltnh` Jhrúl Fldî`njf Uasf`ãf
asnh`sacerfBaut` aak.jac
ohrccc>:Bdcfn`. jac
cjQjfrBaut`aak. jac
XFHG NJEN
Zuccfry. ]gh prfjtnjh wfs cfmh `aaknld oar tgh vnsuf`nzftnal ao f MJ pawhr nlthrofjh jnrjunt flm tgh hoohjts nt jfushm nl f 8 _ catar, shh nts ehgfvnar ey nlshrtnld nlta tgh jnrjunt tgh orhquhljnhs mhsjrnehm ey tgh
nlorfrraia y ul Oata mhthjtar shchiflth f ul mnama mh sn`njna, ul pfr Mfr`nldtal mh trflsnstarhs, a ul ZJU. @f rhspuhstf Mh `aldntum mh almf mh jfmf mnspasntnva sh fiustf mh cama quh shf `a cæs nmîltnjf pasne`h Rfrf aethlhr h` cfyar lnvh` mh fjap`fcnhlta pasne`h.
prfjtnjh flm ft tgh hlm oar tgh aeshrvftnal ao tgh drfpgnjs nl tgh asjn``asjaph.
Mhsfrra``a.
Uhsuchl. Zh rhf`nzú `f præjtnjf eusjflma `f vnsuf`nzfjnúl mh ul jnrjunta mh nlthrofz mh pathljnf mh jarrnhlth jaltnluf y `as hohjtas quh jfusfef hl ul catar mh 8 _, vhr su jacpartfcnhlta nlshrtflma f` jnrjunta `fs orhjuhljnfs mhsjrntfs par `f præjtnjf y f` onlf` pfrf `f aeshrvfjnúl mh `fs dræonjfs hl h` asjn`asjapna.
Cfthrnf`hs. Dhlhrfmar mh ouljnalhs Ouhlth JM Asjn`asjapna Cu`tãchtra Uhsnstar(62kℯ) R`fjf mh pruhefs (prataeafrm) Aptafjap`fmar =L58 ]rflsnstar ]NR656 ]rflsnstar 5l5555 Catar mh 8 _
Nltramujjnúl. Zhfl jnrjuntas mndntf`hs a flf`údnjas, puhmh rhquhrnr F`dùl tnpa mh jnrjunta mh nlthrofjh. Zh puhmh utn`nzfr ul jnrjunta mh nlthrofjh pfrf jaltra`fr ulf jfrdf a pfrf aethlhr ulf shöf` jaca jnrjunta rhjhptar. Xl jnrjunta mh jaltra` praparjnalf `f shöf` mh sf`nmf f ul lnvh` mh va`tfih a jarrnhlth fmhjufma pfrf aphrfr vfrnfs jfrdfs a pfrf aphrfr mnspasntnvas jaca rh`hvfmarhs, pfltf``fs mh vnsuf`nzfjnúl a ulnmfmhs mh pathljnf. (Eay`hstfm, 522>)
Rrajhmncnhlta
6. Zh rhf`nzú `f jalstrujjnúl mh` jnrjunta efsfma hl h` sndunhlth sndunhlth mnfdrfcf.
Fp`njfjnalhs. H` fns`fmar apta h`hjtrúlnja hs ul mnspasntnva quh nljarparf ulf jæpsu`f quh jaltnhlh ul @HM 5? mh :4 Rædnlf 5? mh
Ncfdhl 6. Nlthrofz mh pathljnf JJ.
5. Zh jacpruhef `f jarrhjtf jalhxnúl mh `as jacpalhlths y h` euhl ouljnalfcnhlta mh `as jfe`hs usfmas.
6 Gz ?2 Gz 6 kGz
Ncfdhl 5. Jalstrujjnúl mh` jnrjunta. Ncfdhl =. Drfonjf hl h` asjn`asjapna.
Zh fiustf `f ouhlth enpa`fr >_ y sh jalhjtf f _JJ.
Aeshrvh h` jacpartfcnhlta mh` catar, fsã jaca mh` drfonja castrfma hl `f pfltf``f mh` asjn`asjapna.
Rrhdultfs mh hxfchl 6. ±Rar quî `f vh`ajnmfm mh` catar jfcenf f` camnonjfr `f orhjuhljnf mh `f shöf` _Z1 @f shöf` quh f`nchltf f` catar mhphlmh mh _s, y mfma quh sh camnonjf `f orhjuhljnf mh _s nlchmnftfchlth jfcenf `f orhjuhljnf mh `f shöf` mh` catar, gfjnhlma quh `f vh`ajnmfm mh dnra jfcenh, puhs h` va`tfih prachmna mh _s jfcenf y `f vh`ajnmfm mh dnra mhphlmh mh` jfcena mh` va`tfih prachmna mh _s.
Ncfdhl :. Dræonjf hl h` asjn`asjapna.
Zh fiustú cflhrf9 h` dhlhrfmar mh ouljnalhs mh `f sndunhlth * Orhjuhljnf _cæx _cãl Jflf`
]rhl mh pu`sas. 822 cGz +8 _ 2_ JG 5
Zh jalhjtf `f sf`nmf mh` dhlhrfmar f _Z. :. Zh jalhjtf h` jflf` 6 mh` asjn`asjapna f `fs thrcnlf`hs mh` catar y sh aeshrvf `f dræonjf hl pfltf``f. Zh pruhef h` jnrjunta hl `fs sndunhlths orhjuhljnfs9
Jalj`usnalhs. Xl jacpfrfmar praparjnalf ulf sf`nmf cæxncf f`tf a cæxncf efif juflma ulf hltrfmf sueh a efif jal rhsphjta f `f atrf. Hsth tnpa mh jnrjunta mh nlthrofjh vnhlh hl vfrnfs oarcfs, f`dulfs jaca ulnmfmhs nlvhrsarfs y atrfs jaca ulnmfmhs la nlvhrsarfs.
Zh rhf`nzfral `fs chmnjnalhs jarrhspalmnhlths hl `fs orhjuhljnfs hsphjnonjfmfs y sh aeshrvú quh mhphlmnhlma mh `f orhjuhljnf mh` trhl mh pu`sas sh mhthrcnlf `f vh`ajnmfm f `f quh dnrh h` catar. F` usfr `f orhjuhljnf cæs efif, hs mhjnr, `f mh 822cgz sh aeshrvfral pfusfs hl h` dnra mh` catar y f pfrtnr mh ul 6Gz `f cnscf pfusf f phsfr mh shdunr hxnstnhlma yf la hrf vnsuf` chlth phrjnenmf.
Rædnlf 54 mh 54 mh :4
Hstf pfusf sh mheh f quh h` catar hs jaltra`fma par ul trhl mh pu`sas, juflma `f shöf` sh hljuhltrf hl +8 _ h` catar dnrf, sh mhtnhlh m htnhlh juflma `f shöf` hstæ hl 2 _ y jaltnluf mh cflhrf sujhsnvf.
Uhohrhljnfs
Eay`hstfm, Uaehrt @. y Lfsgh`sky ^, H`hjtrúlnjf9 ]harãf mh @auns. 522>. H`hjtrúlnjf9 Jnrjuntas y Mnspasntnvas H`hjtrúlnjas. Cîxnja 9 RHFUZAL HMXJF]NAL, 522>.
Rædnlf 57 mh 57 mh :4
Rræjtnjf La. 5 Nlthrofz mh pathljnf JF. Hsjfcn``f Zacerf Asnh` Acfr
Carhla Cf`malfma @uns Ohrlflma
Caltnh` Jhrúl Fldî`njf Uasf`ãf
asnh`sacerfBaut `aak.jac
ohrccc>:Bdcfn` .jac
cjQjfrBaut`aak.j ac
XFHG NJEN Cfthrnf`hs
Zuccfry
]gh prfjtnjh ns ta gfvh f pgysnjf` oarc ao tgh jnrjunt oar tgh f`thrlftnld jurrhlt pawhr nlthrofjh, fs wh`` fs oar tgh vnsuf`nzftnal ao nts jalstntuhlt jacpalhlts, tgh drfpgs tgft rhsu`t nl tgh asjn``asjaph flm tgh ehgfvnar ao f 622w oajus jallhjts nl tgh jnrjunt f`rhfmy sfnm prhvnaus`y cnlm.
Uhsuchl
Uhf`nzflma `f præjtnjf sh eusjf thlhr ulf oarcf oãsnjf mh` jnrjunta pfrf `f nlthrofz mh pathljnf mh jarrnhlth f`thrlf, fsã
Dhlhrfmar mh ouljnalhs Ouhlth JM Asjn`asjapna Uhsnstar(672ℯ) R`fjf mh pruhefs (prataeafrm) Caj:266 ]UNFJ E]6:? Oaja 622 T
Rrajhmncnhlta
jaca pfrf `f vnsuf`nzfjnúl mh `as jacpalhlths quh `a jaloarcfs, `fs dræonjfs quh mfl jaca rhsu`tfma hl h` asjn`asjapna y h` jacpartfcnhlta mh ul oaja mh 622w yf jalhjtfma hl h` jnrjunta yf mnjga flthrnarchlth.
6. Zh rhf`nzú `f jalstrujjnúl mh` jnrjunta hl h` mnfdrfcf castrfma hl `f Ncfdhl 6.
efsfma
Nltramujjnúl Xlf nlthrofz mh pathljnf hs `f shpfrfjnúl mh` efia va`tfih jal rhsphjta f` f`ta va`tfih, par hihcp`a, `f htfpf mh jaltra` shrãf ul cnjrajaltra`fmar snduh h` fns`fcnhlta par chmna mh apta fjap`fmarhs, rh`hvfmarhs mh hstfma sú`nma, rh`hvfmarhs h`hjtrachjælnjas, htj. `f htfpf mh jaltra` fjtnvf hsas h`hchltas pfrf quh par fgã pfsh h` f`ta va`tfih (quh enhl pamrãf shr J.F.), hsta sh utn`nzf pfrf hvntfr mföas par "rhdrhsas mh jarrnhlth", jarta jnrjunta.
Fp`njfjnalhs H` fns`fmar apta h`hjtrúlnja h`hjtrúlnja hs ul mnspasntnva quh nljarparf ulf jæpsu`f quh jaltnhlh ul @HM nlorfrraia y ul Oata mhthjtar shchiflth f ul mnama mh sn`njna, ul pfr Mfr`nldtal mh trflsnstarhs, a ul ZJU. @f rhspuhstf Mh `aldntum mh almf mh jfmf mnspasntnva sh fiustf mh cama quh shf `a cæs nmîltnjf pasne`h Rfrf aethlhr h` cfyar lnvh` mh fjap`fcnhlta pasne`h.
Ncfdhl 6. Mnfdrfcf apta fjap`fmar hl FJ.
5. Zh jacpruhef `f jarrhjtf jalhxnúl mh `as jacpalhlths y h` euhl ouljnalfcnhlta mh `as jfe`hs usfmas, vhr Ncfdhl 5.
Mhsfrra``a Ncfdhl 5. Jalhxnalhs mh` jnrjunta.
5> mh :4 Rædnlf 5> mh
pajf nlthlsnmfm `ucnlasf y fuchltfef paja f paja, f` onlf` sh fpfdfef y fsã sh rhphtãf.
:. Zh fiustf `f ouhlth enpa`fr 8 _ y sh jalhjtf f _JJ. Zh fiustú h` dhlhrfmar mh ouljnalhs mh `f sndunhlth cflhrf9 Ouljnúl9 Orhjuhljnf
Zhla. ?2 Gz, 652 Gz, 672
_cæx6 _cãl Jflf`
Gz 8>.> Gz, ?2.6 Gz +8 _ -8 _ JG 5
Rrhdultfs mh hxfchl 6. ±Rar quî hxnsth mnohrhljnf hl `f nlthlsnmfm `ucnlasf mh `f `æcpfrf f 8>.> Gz y ?2.6 Gz1 Mh fjuhrma f `f jurvf mh @nssfiaus, `f juf` hstfe`hjh `f rh`fjnúl quh hxnsth hltrh `f orhjuhljnf fldu`fr mh mas snlusanmhs, sh ``hdf f `f jalj`usnúl mh quh juflma _: y _6 tnhlhl ulf orhjuhljnf mh ?2 Gz fcefs sh hljuhltrfl snljralnzfmfs, hs mhjnr hstæl hl ofsh, par jalsndunhlth h` pfrpfmha mh `f `æcpfrf la hs tfl latarna. Znl hcefrda juflma f _: sh `h camnonjf `f orhjuhljnf, `fs shöf`hs _6 y _: sh hljuhltrfl mhsofsfmfs fldu`frchlth
=. Zh jalhjtf `f sf`nmf mh` dhlhrfmar f _Z. Aeshrvh h` jacpartfcnhlta mh` oaja hl `fs orhjuhljnfs hstfe`hjnmfs flthrnarchlth. flthrnarchlth. Hl `f Ncfdhl : h Ncfdhl = sh fprhjnf h` pfrpfmha quh sh prhshltf hl `f `ucnlasnmfm mh` oaja.
pravajflma pfrpfmha. ul jfcena ferupta hl h` 5. ±Júca hvntfr quh `f jfrdf pfrpfmhh hltrh hljhlmnma y fpfdfma1 Xtn`nzflma ul fthlufmar mh `uz, mncchr.
Jalj`usnalhs Ncfdhl :. Jacpartfcnhlta mh` oaja hljhlmnma.
Ncfdhl =.. Jacpartfcnhlta mh` oaja fpfdfma.
8. Zh aeshrvf quh f` ja`ajfr `f orhjuhljnf mh hltrfmf hl 8>.> Gz `f nlthlsnmfm `ucnlasf hltrh pfusfs vf mh drfl nlthlsnmfm f pajf gfstf fpfdfrsh y va`vhr f hljhlmhr hl su
H` ]UNFJ fjtùa jaca nlthrruptar hl shrnh jal `f jfrdf, ul ]UNFJ hs ul mnspasntnva shcnjalmujtar mh : thrcnlf`hs quh sh utn`nzf jaca nlthrruptar mh jarrnhlth f`thrlf hl fp`njfjnalhs mh pathljnf tf`hs jaca rhdu`fmarhs mh htj. `ucnlasnmfm, jaltra`hs mh vh`ajnmfm mh catarhs, Zh rhf`nzfral `fs chmnjnalhs jarrhspalmnhlths hl `fs orhjuhljnfs hsphjnonjfmfs y sh aeshrvú quh mhphlmnhlma mh `f orhjuhljnf mh` shla sh mhthrcnlf `f nlthlsnmfm mh` oaja. F` usfr `f orhjuhljnf cæs efif, hs mhjnr, `f mh 8>.> Gz sh aeshrvfral cfyar nlthlsnmfm mh `uz hl h` oaja y f pfrtnr mh ul ?2.6 Gz `f `ucnlasnmfm efif gfstf fpfdfrsh y vuh`vh f prhlmhr fsã sujhsnvfchlth. sujhsnvfchlth. Hstas jfcenas mh nlthlsnmfm `ucnlasf sal cflhifmas par h` shla, f chlarhs orhjuhljnfs cæs `ucnlasnmfm f cfyar chlar `ucnlasnmfm.
Uhohrhljnfs
cæxncf nlthlsnmfm. Jal ?2.6 Gz sh aeshrvf h` jfsa jaltrfrna, hljhlmãf jal Rædnlf :2 mh :2 mh :4
Eay`hstfm, Uaehrt @. y Lfsgh`sky ^, @auns. 522>. H`hjtrúlnjf9 H`hjtrúlnjf9 ]harãf mh Jnrjuntas y Mnspasntnvas H`hjtrúlnjas. Cîxnja 9 RHFUZAL HMXJF]NAL, 522>.
Rædnlf :6 mh :6 mh :4
Rræjtnjf La :. Fcp`nonjfmarhs mh pathljnf j`fsh E. Hsjfcn``f Zacerf Asnh` Acfr
Carhla Cf`malfma @uns Ohrlflma
Caltnh` Jhrúl Fldî`njf Uasf`ãf
asnh`sacerfBau t`aak.jac
ohrccc>:Bdcfn`.j ac
cjQjfrBaut`aak. jac
XFHG NJEN
Mhsfrra``a
Zuccfry Th saudgt ta aeshrvh tgh jgfrfjthrnstnjs ao tgh j`fss E pawhr fcp`nonjftn f cp`nonjftnal al jnrjunt, cfnl`y ta nljrhfsh tgh va`tfdh ao tgh nlput sndlf`, tgh fcp`nonhrs ao `frdh sndlf` ar pawhr, cfnl`y pravnmh hlaudg pawhr ta fl autput `afm ta fjtnvfth f garl ar sach atghr mhvnjh nl tgns jfsh ohhm f `hm flm eh fe`h ta shh tgh drfpgs nl asjn``asjaph.
Cfthrnf`hs
Uhsuchl
Zh eusjú aeshrvfr `fs jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh` jnrjunta mh fcp`nonjfjnúl mh pathljnf j`fsh E, prnljnpf`chlth sal pfrf nljrhchltfr nljrhchltfr va`tfih mh `f shöf` mh hltrfmf, `as fcp`nonjfmarhs mh drfl shöf` a mh pathljnf, praparjnalfl prnljnpf`chlth pathljnf suonjnhlth f ulf jfrdf mh sf`nmf pfrf fjtnvfr ulf eajnlf a f`dùl atra mnspasntnva quh ouljnalh jaca jfrdf.
Dhlhrfmar mh ouljnalhs Ouhlth JM Asjn`asjapna Cu`tãchtra Uhsnstarhs (622ℯ y 652 ℯ) R`fjf mh pruhefs (prataeafrm) ]NR652 ]NR658 Jfpfjntar (622lO)
Rrajhmncnhlta 6. Mfma h` sndunhlth mnfdrfcf sh rhf`nzú `f sncu`fjnúl mh` jnrjunta hl Cu`tnsnc, vhr Ncfdhl 6.
Nltramujjnúl Hxnsthl vfrnfs jalondurfjnalhs pasne`hs mh jnrjunta pfrf aethlhr aphrfjnúl j`fsh E. @fs shöf`hs mh hltrfmf f` fcp`nonjfmar pamrãfl shr ulf shöf` ùlnjf, y hltaljhs h` jnrjunta praparjnalfrãf mas htfpfs mh sf`nmf mnohrhlths, jfmf ulf aphrflma murflth `f cntfm mh` jnj`a. Zn `f hltrfmf hstæ hl `f oarcf mh mas shöf`hs mh pa`frnmfm apuhstf, pamrãfcas utn`nzfr mas htfpfs sncn`frhs, jal jfmf ulf aphrflma hl h` jnj`a f`thrla mhenma f `f shöf` mh hltrfmf. Xlf oarcf mh nlvhrtnr `f pa`frnmfm a ofsh hs utn`nzfr ul trflsoarcfmar y murflth cujga tnhcpa sh gf prhohrnma h` fcp`nonjfmar fjap`fma par trflsoarcfmar. Zh puhmhl aethlhr oæjn`chlth hltrfmfs mh pa`frnmfm apuhstf chmnflth ul fcp`nonjfmar aphrfjnalf` jal mas sf`nmfs apuhstfs, a utn`nzflma f`dulfs htfpfs mh` fcp`nonjfmar
Ncfdhl 6. Jnrjunta mh fcp`nonjfmar mh athljnf J`fsh E.
5. Zh cnmhl `fs shöf`hs mh hltrfmf y sf`nmf, aeshrvh `f Ncfdhl5.
aphrfjnalf` pfrf aethlhr 522>)mas shöf`hs mh pa`frnmfm apuhstf (Eay`hstfm, Rædnlf :5 mh :5 mh :4 :4
flthrnar, jalvnrtnhlma fsã f` fcp`nonjfmar hl j`fsh FE, jaca sh cuhstrf hl `f Ncfdhl =.
Ncfdhl 5. _a`tfihs mh `f shöf` mh hltrfmf _ 6 hl h` asjn`asjapna y shöf` mh sf`nmf mh U @ hl h` asjn`asjapna.
Zh aeshrvf quh hxnsth ulf mnohrhljnf mh 6.28 _ hltrh fcefs shöf`hs. :. Zh jalhjtf h` jflf` F mh` asjn`asjapna f _6 pfrf vnsuf`nzfr vnsuf`nzfr `f shöf` mh hltrfmf y h` jflf` E f U @ pfrf aeshrvfr `f `f oarcf mh almf mh `f shöf` mh sf`nmf, vhr `f Ncfdhl :.
Ncfdhl =. Fcp`nonjfmar mh pathljnf mh j`fsh FE.
Luhvfchlth sh rhf`nzú `f chmnjnúl mh `fs shöf`hs mh hltrfmf y sf`nmf, jaca sh cuhstrf hl `f Ncfdhl 8 h Ncfdhl ?.
Ncfdhl 8. _a`tfihs mh _ 6 y U @ mh fcp`nonjfmar mh pathljnf j`fsh FE.
Ncfdhl :. Zhöf` mh hltrfmf _ 6 hl h` asjn`asjapna y shöf` mh sf`nmf mh U @ hl h` asjn`asjapna.
Mh nduf` oarcf hs pasne`h aeshrvfr quh fcefs shöf`hs sal mnstnltfs puhs sh phrjneh mnstarsnúl mh jrujh par jhra hl `f shöf` mh sf`nmf. =. Ra`frnzflma `as trflsnstarhs jal ulf ouhlth mh jm mh 5.= _ sh rhsuh`vh h` prae`hcf
Rædnlf :: mh :: mh :4 :4
Ncfdhl ?. Oarcf mh almf mh shöf`hs mh _ 6 y U @ mh fcp`nonjfmar mh pathljnf j`fsh FE.
mnohrhlth, jfmf ul aphrflma murflth `f cntfm mh` jnj`a.
Rrhdultfs mh hxfchl 6. ±Júca h`ncnlfr `f mnstarsnúl mh jrujh par jhra y quî cîtamas hxnsthl1 Zh puhmh gfjhr ul fcp`nonjfmar J`fsh FE f pfrtnr mh ulf htfpf pusg-pu`` hstælmfr mh J`fsh E f` prhsnalfr fceas trflsnstarhs mh jalcutfjnúl hl ulf jalmujjnúl `ndhrf, nlj`usa juflma la gfy shöf` mh hltrfmf prhshlth. Hstf phquhöf mnspasnjnúl mh pa`frnzfjnúl fshdurf quh fceas trflsnstarhs trflsnstarhs jalmujhl sncu`tælhfchlth murflth ulf pfrth cuy phquhöf mh `f oarcf mh almf mh hltrfmf hl cæs mh` 82% mh` jnj`a mh hltrfmf, phra chlas mh` 622%. 622%.
Ncfdhl 4. Jalhxnúl mh` jnrjunta oãsnja.
Zh aeshrvf quh fgarf `as va`tfihs mh hltrfmf y sf`nmf sal cuy sncn`frhs, fsã jaca `as dræonjas hl h` asjn`asjapna, sh gf h`ncnlfma `f mnstarsnúl. 8. Fgarf sh prajhmh f `f jalstrujjnúl mh` jnrjunta y jalhxnúl mh `fs ouhlths mh va`tfih hl `fearftarna mh fjuhrma f` mnfdrfcf mh `f Ncfdhl 6. Aeshrvh `f Ncfdhl 4. ?. Zh jalhjtfl `as jflf`hs 6 y 5 mh` asjn`asjapna f sf`nmf y hltrfmf rhsphjtnvfchlth, `as dræonjas puhmhl shr aeshrvfmas hl `f Ncfdhl 7.
@f eflmf cuhrtf mh 2.? f 2.4_ (jfãmf mh ul mnama mh nmf gfjnf fmh`flth) quh pramujh h` hohjta mh mnstarsnúl mh jrujh hl `as fcp`nonjfmarhs mh J`fsh E sh rhmujh hlarchchlth chmnflth h` usa mh pa`frnzfjnúl fmhjufmf. @f prhmnspasnjnúl mh `as mnspasntnvas mh trflsnstar sh puhmh `adrfr mh vfrnfs cflhrfs mnohrhlths usflma ulf pa`frnzfjnúl mh va`tfih prhhstfe`hjnmf, ulf rhm mh mnvnsar mh va`tfih a usflma ulf mnspasnjnúl mh mnamas jalhjtfmas hl shrnh. Uhsnsthljnf mh pa`frnzfjnúl Juflma ulf jarrnhlth pfsf f trfvîs mh ulf rhsnsthljnf, sh mh mhsfrra``f ulf jfãmf va`tfih f trfvîs `f rhsnsthljnf shdùl mh `a mhonlh `f `hy mh Agc. Hltaljhs, f` ja`ajfr mas a cæs rhsnsthljnfs hl shrnh f trfvîs mh ul va`tfih mh sucnlnstra, pamhcas jrhfr ulf
Ncfdhl 7. Dræonjf hl h` asjn`asjapna. asjn`asjapna.
Zh aeshrvú quh `f shöf` mh hltrfmf f` fcp`nonjfmar pamrãf shr ulf shöf` ùlnjf y h` jnrjunta praparjnalf mas htfpfs mh sf`nmf Rædnlf := mh := mh :4 :4
Uhsnsthljnf mh pa`frnzfjnúl.
Fquã `f pa`frnzfjnúl mh `as trflsnstarhs sh `adrf utn`nzflma ul va`tfih mh pa`frnzfjnúl onia fmhjufma fp`njfma f `fs efshs mh ]U6 y ]U5.
rhm mh mnvnsarhs mh va`tfih quh pramujh ul jaliulta mh va`tfihs onias f `as vf`arhs quh h`nifcas. Ra`frnzfjnúl mh rhsnsthljnf fiustfe`h Zh puhmh usfr ulf rhsnsthljnf fiustfe`h a pathljnúchtra pfrf pa`frnzfr fceas trflsnstarhs f` earmh mh `f jalmujjnúl.
_a`tfih mh pa`frnzfjnúl.
Uhsnsthljnf fiustfe`h mh pa`frnzfjnúl.
Jalj`usnúl Ra`frnzfjnúl mh mnama Fulquh h` usa mh rhsnsthljnfs mh pa`frnzfjnúl puhmh la rhsa`vhr h` prae`hcf mh thcphrfturf, ulf oarcf mh jacphlsfr juf`qunhr vfrnfjnúl rh`fjnalfmf jal `f thcphrfturf hl h` va`tfih efsh-hcnsar (_EH) hs usfr ul pfr mh mnamas pa`frnzfmas gfjnf fmh`flth mhltra mh `f mnspasnjnúl mh pa`frnzfjnúl mh fcp`nonjfmarhs jaca sh cuhstrf.
Zh hstumnú mh cflhrf præjtnjf `fs prapnhmfmhs y jfrfjthrãstnjfs mh` fcp`nonjfmar mh j`fsh E, fsã tfcenîl sh rhf`nzú `f sncu`fjnúl mh` jfcena mh ul fcp`nonjfmar j`fsh E f ula j`fsh FE, sh puma aeshrvfr quh h` fcp`nonjfmar rhjneh ulf shöf` mh f`dùl trflsmujtar mh jfpfjntfjnúl a mh juf`qunhr atrf ouhlth mh hltrfmf y praparjnalf ulf vhrsnúl cæs drflmh mh `f shöf` f jnhrta mnspasntnva mh sf`nmf a f atrf htfpf mh fcp`nonjfjnúl.
Uhohrhljnfs Eay`hstfm, Uaehrt @. y Lfsgh`sky ^, @auns. 522>. H`hjtrúlnjf9 H`hjtrúlnjf9 ]harãf mh mh Jnrjuntas y Mnspasntnvas H`hjtrúlnjas. Cîxnja 9 RHFUZAL HMXJF]NAL, 522>. Mnama mh pa`frnzfjnúl.
Ra`frnzfjnúl mh va`tfih
Rædnlf :8 mh :8 mh :4 :4
62222 3 66262ΰ 2.2.4 626222 6 6 3 7:2
Zhdunmar mh va`tfih. 6. Mfma h` sndunhlth jnrjunta aethlhr _ ee, U e, _jj y U h, sn _23622 _.
U hf`nzflma hf`nzflma `f sncu`fjnúl mh` jnrjunta sh
aetnhlh ul trhl mh pu`sas mh 2 f >7 _.
Zhdunmar mh va`tfih.
Zn
2 3 622 336622 3 662
Zh prapalh
Zncu`fjnúl mh shdunmar mh va`tfih.
@f oarcf mh almf drfonjfmf hl h` jflf` F mh` asjn`asjapna sh cuhstrf hl `f sndunhlth ondurf.
Mfmf `f hjufjnúl
3 3 6622 3 62ΰ 3 2.4 3 6 3 6
Zh aetnhlh
Mfma quh
Zncu`fjnúl mh shdunmar mh va`tfih.
Zh mhsphif Ue
Zh sustntuyh
Rædnlf :? mh :? mh :4 :4
Ene`nadrfoãf
66. ulnjrac. ulnjrac.jac. [Hl `ãlhfS gttps9//ulnjrac.jac/mnohrhljnf-hltrhflf`adnja-y-mndntf`/.
6. II _h`fsja. gnphrthxtuf`.jac. gnphrthxtuf`.jac. [Hl `ãlhfS 68 mh Oherhra mh 526:. gttps9//gnphrt gttps9//gnphrthxtuf`.jac/ncfdhl-mh`hxtuf`.jac/ncfdhl-mh`-
65. _frh`f, Ntznfr. `nohmhr.jac. [Hl `ãlhfS gttps9//www.`nohmhr.jac/flama-y-jftama/.
mnf/prnchr-trflsnstar. 5. Tnknphmnf. Tnknphmnf @f Hljnj`aphmnf @nerh. [Hl `ãlhfS gttps9//hs.wnknphmnf.ard/wnkn/]rnama.
6:. shjtarh`hjtrnjnmfm. shjtarh`hjtrnjnmfm. [Hl `ãlhfS 6 mh Ajtuerh mh 5268. gttp9//www.shjtarh`hjtrnjnmfm.jac/6:762/frc alnjas-quh-sal-y-jaca-las-fohjtfl/. 6=. mhonlnjnal.mh. mhonlnjnal.mh. [Hl `ãlhfS gttps9//mhonlnjnal.mh/fumna/.
:. thjg`flmnf.jac. [Hl `ãlhfS gttps9//thjg`flmnf.jac/gnstarnf-mh`fcp`nonjfmar-fumna-saerhQ6=>:8:/. =. Jaculnmfm H`hjtralnjas. Jaculnmfm H`hjtralnjas. [Hl `ãlhfS gttps9//www.jaculnmfmh`hjtralnjas.jac/frtn ju`as/gnstarnf.gtc. 8. Tnknphmnf. Tnknphmnf @f Hljnj`aphmnf @nerh. [Hl `ãlhfS gttps9//hs.wnknphmnf.ard/wnkn/Gn gttps9//hs.wnknp hmnf.ard/wnkn/GnstarnfQmh`Qtrf starnfQmh`Qtrf lsnstar.
68. mhonlnjnal.cx. mhonlnjnal.cx. [Hl `ãlhfS gttps9//mhonlnjnal.cx/massnhr/. 6?. rhjursastnj. rhjursastnj.hmujfjnal.hs. [Hl `ãlhfS gttp9//rhjursastnj.hmujfjnal.hs/shjulmfrnf/hmf m/=hsathjla`adnf/qunljhlf=/=q5Q m/=hsathjla`adn f/qunljhlf=/=q5QjalthlnmasQ jalthlnmasQ 8e.gtc. 64. sndlnonjfmas.jac. [Hl `ãlhfS gttps9//www.sndlnonjfmas.jac/d`asfrna/.
?. Rfsnúl ]hjla`adnjf. Rfsnúl ]hjla`adnjf. [Hl `ãlhfS 54 mh Ajtuerh mh 526?. gttps9//pfsnalthjla`adnjf.jac/jaljhpta efsnja-hl-h`hjtralnjf/.
67. thxtasjnhltnonjas. thxtasjnhltnonjas thxtasjnhltnonjas.jac. .jac. thxtasjnhltnonjas.jac. thxtasjnhltnonja s.jac. [Hl `ãlhfS gttps9//www.thxtasjnhltnonjas.jac/rhmhs/cam u`fjnal.
4. Cfrnf. Cfrnf@avhsCusnj. [Hl `ãlhfS 5 mh Cfya mh 5266. gttps9//cfrnf`avhscusnj.warmprhss.jac/5266/ 28/25/jfrfjthrnstnjfs-prnljnpf`hs-mh-`fjarrnhlth-jaltnluf-y-f`thrlf/.
6>. Earrh`, Iashp. aknmnfrna.jac. [Hl `ãlhfS gttps9//akmnfrna.jac/jurnasnmfmhs/catarh`hjtrnja-jaca-ouljnalf-=>6:7?.
7. XFHG. jnmhjfch.ufhg.hmu-cx. [Hl `ãlhfS gttp9//jnmhjfch.ufhg.hmu.cx/`jj/cfpf/RUA^ HJ]A/`nera54/6:5QjfrfjthrstnjfsQesnjfsQmhQ ulfQshf`QphrnmnjfQfcp`ntumQorhjuhljnfQofsh. gtc`. >. ulnjrac. ulnjrac.jac. [Hl `ãlhfS gttps9//ulnjrac.jac/vf`ar-rcs-prachmna pnja/. 62. Mhonlnjnal FEJ. [Hl `ãlhfS gttps9//www.mhonlnjnalfej.jac/thjla`adnf/f cp`nonjfmar.pgp.
52. . ::2agcs. [Hl `ãlhfS 5 mh ::2agcs Cfrza mh 526?. gttps9//e`ad.::2agcs.jac/526?/ gttps9//e`ad .::2agcs.jac/526?/2:/25/pratae 2:/25/pratae afrms/. 56. ]arrhs, Ghjtar. ghtpra-starh.jac. [Hl `ãlhfS > mh Ajtuerh mh 5264. gttps9//ghtprastarh.jac/]X]AUNF@HZ/quh-hs-ulrh`hvfmar-a-rh`h/. 55.Eay`hstfm, Uaehrt @. y Lfsgh`sky ^, @auns. 522>. H`hjtrúlnjf9 H`hjtrúlnjf9 ]harãf mh mh Jnrjuntas y Mnspasntnvas H`hjtrúlnjas. H`hjtrúlnjas. Cîxnja 9 RHFUZAL HMXJF]NAL, 522>.
Rædnlf :4 mh :4 mh :4 :4
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