dos mentes

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507601665e093 189.160.98.49 Mexico

THE

MIND

DUAL

BY

H.

'Tis

the

mind

PAGE

L.

that

makes

the

body

rich''

Shakespeare.

GREEN

LEAF

PUBLISHING CHICAGO

CO.

Copyright

1909

BY

Leaf

Green

Publishing

Co.

Chicago

C^A

244562 ^

AUi

R.

R.

DONNELLEY

"

CHICAGO

1909

SONS

COMPANY

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

PREFACE DESIRE

I

to

indebtedness

book,

''The

model

throughout

I have

heim,

to

Law

whose

T.

this opportunity

J. Hudson,

of Psychic

Therapeutics," works

are

to

express

a

the

material

book

written

regarded

the

my

remarkable has been

whose

Phenomena,"

this volume. largely from

drawn

^'Suggestive

take

world

found by

a

in

Bern-

over

as

being

standard. There are many

others, but I hope

I may

cover

the

entire field by saying that I claim absolutely no credit for this work save desire that which is due to an earnest have heretofore to place in the hands of those who been

unable

subjectwhose

to

investigate

influence has

to

their

reached

own

satisfaction

the remotest

ners cor-

of the world. H.

L. P.

a

THE

DUAL

MIND I

CHAPTER INTRODUCTION

knowledge,

HUMAN

to-day

grappling

pitifully a

with

narrow

problem

the powers

but dimly

understood.

at present

is

longer

no

theJ plaything

promises

which

in its results to vastly expand

although

small, is

and

of charlatans

of mankind, Hypnotism but

a

science,

by the highest as such recognized authorities and deemed that the greatest universiof such importance ties have founded of Europe chairs for and America its study. Mental

in medicine

takes its place to-day in the armory as one of the greatest weapons of the In Paris a great hospital is conducted solely physician. along the lines of hypnotic treatment, and the most nent emisuggestion

doctors of the civilized world countenance

have

would

what

branded

purpose

to the average

The

have

a

which them

as

and

couple of generations impostors.

ago

broad, general it is, of hypnotism with its allied sciences : what it can its study may mean accomplish, and what

The view

methods

adopt

willingly

of this book

man

and

is to give

a

woman.

most

extraordinary and been put forward for the new 9

preposterous science by

claims men

who

DUAL

THE

lo

to fatten off the credulity and

wish

They

have

It is hardly any

lows. needs of their fel-

asserted that the study (under their direction, of course) would

of hypnotism bring their dupes

nor

MIND

unblushingly

boundless

health, wealth, and fame. to say that neither hypnotism

necessary

other science

fulfilsuch absurd claims. Nor forward to such pretensions

can

is it necessary to put demonstrate the wonderful possibilitieswhich lie in this littleunderstood benefits which or the immense subject, the human

race

hope

may

In the first instance

in all their forms.

ailments or

let

the power

another

demonstrated. France

from

its study.

take disease and

us

In all ages, under

of mental

suggestion

physical form one has

been in

centuries the shrine at Lourdes

For

has been

to reap

the goal

of hundreds

of thousands

the piles of crutches which fraudulent. there to-day are by no means

sick pilgrims, and

of

are

exhibited Innumerable

at the sacred spot actually accomplished as they have been in many similar places in India and other countries Avhere the religion of the people is held cures

with

were

fervor.

uncompromising

Similarly

in America

relieved by Christian Science, Dowieism, and other like creeds. fact. Behind them all lies one simple, fundamental

to-day

many

have

people

All their accompHshments hypnotism. or suggestion or

dogma

matter.

Catholicism, The

or

any

been

have

rested solely on mental does the creed In no case

It may

be Brahminism,

other "ism;"

patient

efficacy of the remedy. dominate the body.

must

have

only

one

Shintoism, thing

is necessary.

implicit faith in the

In other words,

the mind

must

INTRODUCTION

ii

not

far the power of mental been definitely determined.

can

accomplish

How

diseases, such

nerves.

cancer

as

been

doubt.

reasonable

an

tumors.

and

has

much

to

proved

Hypnotism

extent

in which the harvest. Countless realm

but possess back

there,

a

strain.

in the

science promises

men

and

of life.

race

plank

the eternal question

to

organism

When

we

bring

well

man

that

a

ten

storms

we

mean

of life he

that

has

weakness

answer

to

ever

man's

ful wonder-

reach. in nine

cases

out

He is self-control. under the domination of his emotions and is swayed hither and thither, losing ground in the race always is not to the strong but to the direct. In the which

of

he

a

succeed while fail. Hypnotism

is weak

man

is

men

equipped,

can

forever holds

is the

and

certain

drug

no

rich

gives way under indefinable, something

health to that part of

which say

from

of why as

others, apparently promises

intangible,

man

marks

There

a

in body

whole

which

perpetually

which

to reap

are

women

suffering

important

more

perhaps

all

in all the

of hitherto

new

It is something

which

alleviate human

can

and

beyond

proved

taint in their mind

some

rotten

and

undreamed

science of medicine. But there is another

them

ments subtle ail-

and even of consumption, of such insidious and dreadful

has arrested the progress

This

more

in the treatment

value

plagues

nervous

of

classified as neuroticism, or in lable It also has proved of incalcu-

roughly

English,

case

those far

paralysis and

are

which

simpler

as

in the

miracles

almost

go has that it

suggestion may It is certain

no

drifts rudderless,

and

although

every

THE

12

DUAL

MIND

be wrecked. There is in

two

man

it will invariably

be sound

part of the ship may

other

two

minds,

which

and

exist in the conscious The

mind.

are clearof quackery and charlatanism ing knowledge and in the light of better, sounder is learning that many of the things world

mists

away,

the

it scoffed

which

No

vital.

in

at

matter

be

may

what

dead

the

it. It is

one

intelligent

take

must

individual's personal power of hypnotism

an

of

to give

broad

so

a

a

broad

the circumscribed In this instance the difficulty

road

to

wide

subjectwas

one

of speculation,

realms

the definite truths ascertained are comparatively However, ward intention of putting forthere is no this book as an exhaustive study of hypnotism

and

psychic

show

along

and

the

comprehensive

and

subjectin

limits of a single volume. has been enhanced by the fact that the opens

ignore

altogether

of to-day, and every interest in its development

an

possible meaning. It is a difficult matter

which

real and

of the great problems

man

view

are

past

opinion as to the limitations or and its kindred branches, he cannot

while few.

conscious

It is this consciou the sub-conscious ego. subhypnotism self which calls into being, and dominates and remedies the defects which may

ego

and

the

selves:

science.

The

objecthas

lines what

general

has

been

is the most

human

knowledge

important on

which

accomplished holds. oi

mental

of all the branches a

man

to

been

the possibilities that the future There be no question that the study can

science

rather

may

exercise

of his

INTRODUCTION brain.

Geology, are

sciences

and

merely

greatest

fathom

to

another

find the

Through

the

geology

may

teach

upon

the

light

they

to

as

body

and

The

dominates

wisest

men

in the hope

of

creation

of

our

knowledge;

but

sciences which

the earthly

and

scientists

exhausted

way

man's

of

or

nature,

his mind.

his

body

astronomy

is

and

and throw earth, but neither formati inany give us

our

can

directed

one

how

are,

age

race

controls

the chemical

sphere.

of all times have futilely, themselves

and

partially, this greatest of far from We are any yet certain in the darkness a there is to be seen

of solving,

all problems.

learn

of all nations

theorized,

guessed,

of limitations

may

the mind

in

sought

the

us

all the

problem

great

kindred

their

nor

have

its functions

what

this, the primal

been for all ages

have

we

chemistry

and

to

efforts of

possibilities and

formed

a

The

all.

of the world direction. They

one

to

of

all material

and

chemistry

stepping-stones

savants

and in

astronomy,

13

even

bright

light and that light hypnotism. This science, so

comes

from

old and

yet

the so

study new,

of has

to teach much promises in the future. It is old for it has been vaguely more for it is only for many recognized centuries, but it is new has been years that any attempt within the past hundred

taught

us

much

already

and

Up it scientifically and systematically. has been to within the past fifty years, indeed, hypnotism To-day looked upon rather askance by men of science. made

to

study

devoting are their world attention to it,and they do not hesitate to subscribe their to the statement names that in hypnotism, and in it the

greatest

savants

of the

THE

14

DUAL

MIND

alone, is their hope

conof obtaining definite knowledge cerning the workings of that mystic force, the mind.

The

first great

fact that hypnotism

revealed to the This discovery is

the duality of the mind. of an importance which can not easily be overestimated. It has always been recognized, although never stood. under-

world

was

All since

the

They

have

or

religions, pagan

earliest times

that

deistic, have

taught

dual

nature.

has

man

a

called it spiritual and physical or by some but hypnotism has absolutely established other term; that this duality is primarily due to the existence of a conscious and The old rapidly dying stillexists to is approaching

sub-conscious

prejudice against

some

them

hypnotism,

although

in the face of advancing education, However, the time considerable extent.

out a

when

be considered

paying

mind.

no

educated,

man or

or even

woman

who intelligent,

attention to the science.

personally,

for through

It

this study

means

aspires to can

neglect much

they may

to

come

of themselves which is the firstessential to success, and the first requisite to mental and This book will not have failed physical development. to that knowledge

if it will induce a

seriously

some

of its readers to consider is of so vast importance to

at least

subjectwhich

mankind.

best study is man," said Pope, and the poet The man who spoke with the inspiration of genius. best understands himself first,and then his fellows is "Man's

offers its fairest prizes and fortunate Some are men life its greatest compensations. to be naturally so strongly psychic that they enough the

one

to whom

the world

INTRODUCTION intuitively understand their associates and any

from

one

15

human

to

this power

in

expressed is

but there

companions,

cultivating

as

nature

bar to

no

least

at

some

extent.

Every

thinking

impressed

time

at some

profoundly other in their lives by psychic

mature

be almost said that no person without having his life materially

years

influenced by the

unseen

little recognized

or

theory any

or

of the unseen known facts.

advancement,

forces which are all around us, Hypnotism offers a understood.

world which It opens up

and

promises

those who learn its secrets. Hypnotism gives the only to

the

to

time

of the world.

richest

rewards

explanation,

It is true

for

satisfactory

is neither facts, but it has

that that explanation

nor

Psychic

but

literature, and

each

and

careers

of

men.

science has They

many

broad

branches

division and subin this generally

will be indicated has its own separate

the student

subjectfurther and

the

of the problem of those titanic have from Napoleon as and Caesar, who the history strode with giant steps across

these extraordinary

volume,

a

conflict with field for wonderful

of all the embracive the first plain light on the powers

conclusive thrown

does not

intelligence,

figures, such time

is

woman

and

It might

experiences. reaches

man

who

will find

profitable reading.

wishes a

wide

and

to pursue

extensive an

individual

field of interesting

CHAPTER THE

II MIND

SUBJECTIVE

of the subjective mind is of such be thoroughly that it must studied by the student of hypnotism who hopes

THE

phenomenon vast importance

and

understood

to achieve

Man

any

mastery

of his

subject.

has,

or

endowed

with

separate

capable,

under certain conditions, These dual minds are in their nature

and

to

appears

have,

two

minds,

distinct attributes and

and

of

operating

respectively

each

independently

tive objec-

referred to

are

and

subjective

each

by these titles. The

mind subjective

separate

entity

which is merely former possesses organization

maintaining is, in other mind,

on

distinct and

objectivemind

The of the physical brain. independent powers and has a mental own.

existence

words,

the other

be capable of of the body and The

It appears

to

independent

the soul of man. hand, possesses no

frorn the physical body In short the independently.

apart acting

the

a

function

of its an

be

to

distinction to

in a

appears

force apart from the body while The between line of demarcation

objective

or powers attributes and is incapable of

one

possesses

the other

mic dyna-

does not.

is clearly In defined and their functions are essentially unlike. the two the differences between minds general terms be stated as follows : may i6

the two

THE The

objectivemind and

world

of the

senses

of perpetual

highest

MIND

SUBJECTIVE

17 of the

takes cognizance

its media of observation It is the physical body.

the

are

physical necessities and his guide struggle with his material environment. of the

five outgrowth

natural

man's

function

tive objec-

in his The

is its ability to

mind objective

reason.

The

takes cognizance of its environment independent of the physical senses. intuition. term what we commonly

mind subjective

through

means

It perceives through It is the seat of the emotions and Under memory. certain conditions

the storehouse

of

it

to

can

be made

and travel to. distant lands, practically annihilating distance and bringing back intelligence of has This phenomenon an exact and truthful character. been observed too often and tested too well to permit leave the body

The of any doubt as to its correctness. mind subjective has also the power to penetrate the minds of others and This read the minutest particulars of their thoughts.

is done

the aid of the ordinary

without

of communication, In the normal

such

as

or

speaking of

condition

a

man's

means objective

writing. life the

objective

and governs most of his actions. The deals in reality with the reversing science of hypnotism That it to say, it endeavors of this normal condition. to put the intO-the^ mind in mind

controls him

objective

abeyance"and_call

fullexercise of its functions the The

subjectivemind

character

and

possesses

power

education of memory

into control will perform

to

a

from

mindsubjective

large the

extent

receives its It mind.

objective

O'f its own

and

when

the offices pertaining

called to

the

THE

i8

physical body

as

selves.

MIND

it has been

which

the exercise of the presents

DUAL

habituated For

objectivemind.

to

this

through reason

it

viduals points of difference in varying indiby their shown objectiveor primary

marked

as

are

A

man

does not

become

the gods, knowing evil, simply because

as

the difference between

good and his objectivemind is laid to sleep and his subliminal His powers in are self is topmost. vastly enlarged certain directions, but he will be also under of his primary self. The

really be termed its main functions are

may

mind subjective

principal of the body and body of the human race.

most

tions the limita-

and the propagation In the exercise of these functions some interesting phenomena to be observed. are

These

functions The

are

first may

the firstplace in what

to the whole

common

the life

the preservatio

of the of its

animal

creation.

it is exercised in be subdivided, is commonly known as the instinct

In the second place it operates in of self preservation. life in general, an instinct the instinct to preserve human

which

is almost

as

is universal

as

strong

and

of life

tion second funcThere is potency.

the first. The

enormous

low or undeveloped so species of animal where mendous the instinct of reproduction does not appear and in treforce. This phase of life is too well known to no

It is invariable save for a call for special attention. few rare cases personal idiosyncrasy obviates it where is a diseased and then the and abnormal

jondition^und

one.

Where in danger

the life of the

an

individual

mind subjective

or

of his offspring is

takes prompt

possession

THE

for

necessary

Innumerable

abnormal exertion is life. of the imperilled

preservation

be given

might

proofs

experience frequently

19

as

of this phenomenon

could be supported A man. of the average

of them

and many

be

the

long

as

act

every

governs

and

MIND

SUBJECTIVE

of the personal in deadly peril

out man

exhibits preternatural strength impossible under normal conditions. the most

the right thing

exactly

presence

marvelous

at exactly

which would He plays also dis-

will do it the right time when of mind

and

is obvious that he could not have employed the slow, In other words logical processes of the mind. objective liis acts become instinctive, which is to say that he is

Cases

realized that they of the

not

which

sees

which hidden

are

to

usually* these premonitions the threshold

rise above

The is easily explained. his attitude of scepticism

does not

fully understand

warning

which

only

and the

understands

objectiveman.

disregarded

are

of the consciousness. habits of modern man towards

render

everything

him

averse

do

and

This

and

that he

to regard

a

otherwise avert a peril which his We is incapable of realizing. are at the threshold of this vast knowledge

might

objectivemind present

of the solicitude

really examples

subjectivemind, things

many

any are

entity. subjective

danger too are of impending But it is not often discussion.

of premonitions

familiar to require

Most

of his

the possession

under

on

when which is ours it, but undoubtedly

we

know

the

day

how

will

to avail ourselves come

when

of

all the

mind which are to-day revealed of the subjective by hypnotism will be at the control of the individual. There is no doubt of the existence of an invariable powers

THE

20

law that where

a

MIND

is in imminent

person

makes

mind

danger

effort to give

supreme

the subjectiv

warning

Sometimes it is successful the peril. case not, but it is certain that in every

avert

and

a

DUAL

sometimes effort is made

and the responsibility rests for disregarding it.

fhesewarnings

in themselvesproof

are

on

and the

vidual the indi-

that the subjectiv

mind has powers of perception and can acquire knowledge is outside the ran^e of the which objective faculties. It is constantly on the alert, and_ey-en when the body

is asleep

it is always

active as is constantly being shown by well authenticated instances of where sense men are of roused from sleep by an overwhelming some

danger.

approaching true,

although

the warning

They

generally

found

have

they could not

which

had certainly

the

mind subjective

come

warnthe ing for account

through

no

tive objec-

means.

Although

it is

to be dormant

never

so.

appear

may

It takes

at

times

notice of and

records what passes in all states of the mind, not merely life but also all that occurs the incidents of its waking during the periods of its own special activity. The

memory subjective

down

every

thing

occur

throughout

is exercised by

self. are

a

one

the minutest The lifetime. even

which records details which

objectivememory

subeffort of the will, but that of the consciou It is what we acts unconsciously. call

an

mind recollection. This is one

to

is the only

of man's liminal subof the greatest marvels The smallest details of acquired knowledge

written

on

the hidden

tablets of his mind

and

THE

MIND

SUBJECTIVE

21

forth. only require favorable conditions to call them The extent of these vast treasure houses is incredible but every

thinking

man

can

recall instances

recollection

of where

to him,

came

under certain specific circumstances, Every he had long since forgotten. of events which experience of life is recorded in ineffaceable characters on

the mind

man.

of

Recent

scientific investigation the difference is between the

has shown

how

wide

objectiveand subjective

first has

The

memories.

been

demonstrated

and the localization be subdivided into

absolute location in the cerebrum, that it may of disease has proved such divisions as visual memory, an

memory

doubt

of speech

etc.

have

to

auditory memory, has been proved beyond'

This

by experiments

which show that any one of these branches can be destroyed by a surgical operation. On the other hand the appears to memory .

subjective

te

an

inherent

force which

has

no

anatomical relation to the individual and is incapable of being either hurt or helped by the surgeon's knife. On the contrary, apparent

has frequently condition of the cerebrum abnormal by "been followed extraordinary of the exposition in, This mind. go.w.ers-olthe an

subjective

instances

numerous

deranged.

While

powers objective selves appear

in the they

,has_Q.CCufr'ed

case

may

of perception

of

have

persons

lost much

those of their

mentally

of their

subjective

to be permanent.

in such cases knowledge human is where by fixed laws everything governed acquired by the subjective is In through other mind education. Except

objective

words

it learns

only

what

has

been

imparted

to

it

THE

DUAL

operation

of

22

the

through instance,

been

its knowledge

by

acquired

MIND the

of books

is only

individual

the

For

objectivesenses. through

has

as

such

objective

means.

At

which

the can

time

same

at present

It ponderable

can

make

the

only be recognized

itself heard,

understanding is governed.

powers

powers

ation. explan-

without

of spiritism, although its operation or the laws Its apparent

has

felt and can has explained

discovery

objects.This

of the phenomena

mind subjective

we

move

much

far from

are

under

it

which

of annihilating

space

from country to country without and wandering is another the body of the fascinating problems which it offers for solution. and

time

in which the subconscious several ways be brought above the threshold of consciousmind can ness When this and placed in control of the individual. is done we term the results phenomena and the leading There

are

instances

which

have

the medium

through

is : percussive

alluded to here are or mesmerism. of hypnotism been

sounds, such as table rappings, movement bodies and phantasmagoric appearances.

of ponderable One of the curiosities of the subconscious knowledge that the only branch of human to know

appears

estimate

mind

is

which

it

instinctivelyis that of mathematics.

tell historical

cannot

caused That

time without

or

geographical

the aid of

an

events,

instrument

but it or

It can

make

arithmetical calculation with no apparent process of is A third class of phenomena to be observed reason. in respect to music. In these three classes are to be

an

found

explanations

of the

various

mathematical

and

THE

musical

MIND

SUBJECTIVE

prodigies

have

which

in the world. Music is a phase

23 from

appeared

time

to

time

of the human

soul and belongs lutely absoAll musicians to the realm of the subconscious. inherent power mony an of grasping the laws of har-

have

music

to say that all genuine and it is not too much is the product of the unconscious There^ mind.

is practically

limit to the power the of music over It is the universal language of the mind. no

subconscious human soul and

appeals alike to the most cultured man It is also the most potent force for the^ and the savage. know. that we memory awaking of the subconscious A familiar tune will recall to a man events ences and experiwhich

could not be brought

the will. inherent An

power

back by any

is its

the

of

subjectivemind time. The objective mind

faculty for measuring lapse of does not possess it and can only measure movements of the heavenly bodies, or some

no

aid. The subjective mind dependence on

reason.

on

mind subjective of nature. mathematics, and in some

speaking

pertain to

a

other material

the

requires

exercise

of

the harmony governing

distinction between rests

the

of the comprehension of the laws by intuition the laws of

instances the^ laws

objectiveminds

or

by

the inherent powers

It comprehends the laws governing

of colors. An important

time

the other hand

aids, objective

Generally

effort of

the

of sounds the harmony

and subjective

in the fact that in the first case

be all reasoning is deductive while in the second it may inductive. The mind will accept any premises subjective

THE

24

DUAL

MIND

deductively unerringly. The one exception to this rule is when the premises are opposed to the prinIt is unlike the ciples of the person. mind objective in being incapable of taking a series of experiences or reason

and

facts, and from them guide future action or

be noted

It may

drawing

to

general

conclusions general law.

establish a here that through

the

subjective

be developed mathematical and musical faculties can In fact in individuals without training. objective cases this has been done in some where the individual

mind

incapable

was

any

of receiving

considerable

objective

education. The from or

of

by

mind is always subjectto suggestion subjective the objective person mind, either that of its own one

some

suggestions

mind

will

sense

of

of its

is more,

What to

opposed

all

be controlled The

it can

reason.

objective

are which its positive knowledge On the other hand the

opposed

rejectsuggestions

reason,

senses.

else.

to

its

the evidence

or

mind subjective

will accept any premise that is suggested to it no matter how This is the whole be. absurd or illogical it may basis of hypnotic to phenomena, and it is important

remember

that the

mind subjective

will always

accept

intelligently and actively employed. suggestions when This amenability to suggestion is always strongest during sleep, for which reason sleep is usually, although The by hypnotists. not necessarily, invoked mind

is constantly

under

reason mind, for which be in abeyance before

power

of suggestion

control by the

its

own

mind objective

subjective objective

must

first

bring full can second person to bear on the subjective mind. a

THE

MIND

SUBJECTIVE

25

impossibility of the mind to reason subjective it inductively and the invariable readiness with which to it have that is suggested will accept any premise The

formed

the basis of

An

of hypnotism. out

in

The

by

recently an

career

experiment

a

manner

man

young

beginning

was

which Millet of Paris

Professor

extraordinary

subjectwas

bar.

interesting

of the most

some

who

nomena phecarried

was

strated demon-

this curious quality. giate after a brilliant collehis

to make

known

name

at

He

himself to to allow consented be placed under hypnotic influence and was immediately He believer in Mohamet. informed a that he was Parisian

the

promptly

maintained on

brilliant and of the Mohammedan

a

the tenets

occasion on

in every

a

series conducted

of which

suggested logic from The

the

by

convictions

were

and

On

a

quent subse-

lucidity and acumen This experiment Professor

accepted subjects

positions which

their personal

with

with equal of Pythagoras.

the doctrine

one

faith.

he argued

similar to

was

hour an and for over faultlessly logical argument

the suggestion

accepted

Millet

ably unquestion-

totally at variance

argued

with

unerring

these propositions.

peculiarity

to

seems

arise from

the persistency

mind will hold to and follow which the subjective It is worthy every idea suggested. of note, however, that it ig absolutely incapable of controversial argument. with

The

statement

deductively

that

has reference

rather than to the forms while are

it may

always

the

not

reach

subjectivemind

to the results

it employs. its conclusions

syllogistically correct.

reasons

of its reasoning

That

is to say that

by syllogism they The deductions of

THE

26

the

DUAL are

mind subjective are

perfect and suggested The

are

justand

always

never

syllogistically

the original premises

equally so whether true or false.^

mind subjective

known

MIND

classifiesa series of well-

facts, and argues from them up to general principals, but, given a certain principal to start with, will deductively from

reason

it down

to all legitimate

ences infer-

cogency with a marvellous and power. It is noteworthy ease that the comparative and perfection which are acquired in any pursuit depend on the

degree

in which it ceases to be connected scious with the conThat is to say that the powers ego. of the subjectiv facility are than mind exercised with greater

have been attained through the operation of faculties. At the same the objective time a man cannot

those which

be said to be fully normal mind, subjective

and

control of his this condition is permanent

when

when

he is under

he is insane. It must

always

mind

depends

upon

the

had

an

to

a

be remembered that the subjective for its education very large extent

faculties. objective education can objective

No

person

become

a

who great

has

not

orator,

effort merely by the development excel in any human perfect exhibition of of his subliniinal self. The most ment developintellectual power from the synchronous comes or

of the these

objectiveand

conditions

his reasoning of his

minds. subjective

the individual has

powers

combined

mind subjective

Under

all the benefits of

with the perfect memory its marvellous power of

and in a syllogistic manner. arranging its resources There are only in all history a few examples

where

THE

MIND

SUBJECTIVE

27

It may be perfectly normal this condition has existed. but it is seldom indeed that it is found in perfection.

JuliusCaesar,

Napoleon

Shakespeare

and

are

remarkable examples known, and flaws of development. there were

the most cases

Innumerable

attempts

none and Psychologically

of

them

at

all events

the

other

as

hand

dominant, markedly while if the will be, to

be the

on

one

powers

where

the

is

objectivemind

of intelligence is low, vidual has the supremacy the indi-

the order

some

at least, insane.

extent

respect is the phenomenon of the subjective deserving of study than in the intuitive manner

no

more

mind

to

seems

genius.

mind subjective

In

genius

undue preponderance individual shows those

other, an denominate

we

which On

satisfactory.

completely

no

the

or

to define genius,

of the objective and subjective these two faculties of man approach

When minds. balance, with even

side

are

in their

even

development

synchronous

an

have been made

probably

in which it impels the individual to cling to life. There in the lives of most men occur moments when if it were selves. they would destroy themnot for this sense In fact it is hardly

if it were human

not race

to say that exaggeration for this instinctive love of existence the

would

long

e'er

an

this have vanished

from

the

earth.

One

interesting phases of this instinct of the most is that it is strongest during the years when is at man his highest stage of usefulness and diminishes with increasing years. man

From

youth

to

middle

clings to life with, passionate

and

age

the average

unreasoning

intensity.

No

matter

which overwhelm he may consider

with

a

grim

him,

how no

terrible the how

matter

himself, he will yet tenacity which only insanity

condition approaches

MIND

DUAL

THE

28

can

affect.

As

this desire begins

lost of all hope hold on to life or

however,

soon,

to

catastrophes

some as

mal abnorold age

feebler, and not willingness to die but

grow

infrequently ends in not merely a even a desire to lay down a burden

which

has become

irksome. Avoiding

excursion into the realm of polemics, and the of the dual personality of man consequences which that fact brings about

any

the existence

extraordinary is a worthy

subject

progressive

being.

of the attention and

study

of every

CHAPTER

III

HYPNOTISM

science has dispelled the mystery which long enveloped hypnotism and its manifestations.

MODERN for so

It is no

longer necessary to believe that a man is in alliance with the who exercises hypnotic powers author of evil or has sold his soul to that interesting is no longer a person, the devil. Hypnotism of

subject

fear

ignorant.

except on the part of the most The cause lies in the fact that every of hypnotism being in the world consists of a dual personality. human or

There

sneers

two

are

distinct entities in every

man

and woman. mentalities, for the physical

That

is to say, of course, two be ignored. These two can

personalities

are

called

in scientificterms the objective minds. and subjective The mind is that with which we perform all objective formulate our acts conscious conscious and all our The

is much more subtle and receives and records all those impressions which we up absorb unconsciously, but which nevertheless make thoughts.

so

large

mind subjective

lives and

of our part in the development A

meet

a

part

simple betv^een the

important

your

mind objective subjectof your talk.

conscious

with

the

or

During

29

a

tinction the dis-

and subjective mind. objective

friend and chat with him.

occupied

so

of our characters. illustration will demonstrate

very

a

play

You

your conversation has been fully

You

paid

no

THE

30

attention that you or

appearance, or

were

DUAL

MIND

aware

of to your

both

yet

mind. subjective

be

would your

absorbed by If it became

were

later you would be able to looked like and what he wore. more

friend's clothes

recall what

Of

your

consciou sub-

necessary

your

friend

the recollection

course

less distinct in accordance dull. or was acute

or

subconscious

as

mind To use to enter a room another illustration. You obtain a book. For the time being your conscious attention is wholly occupied with your search for the book. You

tables and

move

other articles,almost subsequently if you

chairs about and

oblivious of their existence. were

questioned

the appearance of the room it contained. and what thought

of

things

these

absorbed them. One of the most

shift papers

and You

but

recall would less accurately,

you or

more

and Yet

had

deliberately

not

unconsciously

you

had

and striking proofs of is afforded by the dual mentality which exists in man In fact it was this which the phenomena of dreams. tinct disfirstled scientists to suspect the existence of two convincing

minds. In waking

hours

our

motions

as

well

as

our

thoughts

controlled by our certain lines or move are

what we term our force is dormant.

consciousness and we think along in certain directions according to we sleep this controlling will. When

All the impressions and images which were waking mind in our received by the subjective hours rush pell-mell through our brain and form weird, cal pictures which are influenced by our physiMany of these images and impressions condition.

inconsequent

HYPNOTISM we

recall, when

cannot

we

received but there seems were received by our

31

again, of

wake

doubt

to

reason

no

having

ever

that they

mind. subjective

Of

lifein

as

meant

it is that makes brains and take the forms

our

have

nor

even

we

a

an

explanation these images come

What

dreams.

know

this is not

course

they do

reason

plausible

of to

do not to offer. The we

to-day as it of dreams is as great a mystery phenomena in the days of the Egyptian was soothsayers, but it has taught us that there exists in the marvellous mechanism but two mentalities. not one of man

It has taught

us

thing, for it has thrown

another

a

or hypnotism. searchlight on the hitherto obscure subject In_the firstplace, we have learned the rnost important

fact that hypnotic sleejpd^

in any respect to puts his subject

hypnotist _Th.Q sleep simply through the power of suggestion, and plays a large part in every natural sleep.

fjQmjnatwjil^leep,_

Every or

in the world, be they Christian civilized, has in babyhood

man

and woman heathen, savage

or

been

lulled to slumber by took her place. The woman, on

a

mother

or

some

one

who

rocking her baby to sleep her breast, is an unconscious hypnotist. She is impelling her child to slumber by suggestion and that is precisely the hypnotist

what

does.

who goes to sleep in normal He is practising hypnotism

simple an

suggestion

and

easy

outsider. Which

an

moments on

operation

us

to

wishes

any

adult to do so.

himself which is justas by to be hypnotised as

In fact it is usually

brings

Moreover,

the main

a

much

simpler operation.

proposition.

Hypno-

DUAL

THE

32 tism

means

more

nothing

ourselves

fixedly at

some

at

less than

or

it is practised unconsciously day of their lives. There amused

MIND

one

and

by almost everybody every few of us who have not are time or another by looking

in

person

suggestion,

our

with the regard look at

neighborhood

intention of making the subjectof our in turn. is pure hypnotism, That littleexperiment us be taken as a complete proof and, incidently, it may that not

one

every necessary

similar nonsense. Every man

and

and

of us is a hypnotist in embryo; to have long* hair and creepy eyes

or

that has

woman

their power the amount

subject.The

amusing

rests

a

their mental

with

of study

they

tricks which

are performs generally in the room. The man

clear mind

it is or

any

is a hypnotist,

ment develop-

to

give the the parlor hypnotist care

within the capabilities of any only difference is that the performer

had gone to the trouble to study the science, and probably had some natural inclination in that direction. Hypnotism appeals to and controls the suggestive In other mind. hypnotist's

the

words,

it is the

for mind objective subject.When a hypnotist

substitution of the

the

of mind objective to sleep puts a subject

he is performing identically the same operation that he does when he puts himself to sleep. In the firstinstance he is using his mind and the

objective

tive subjecsubject's

his own. are mind and in the second both minds From it readily can be seen that natural sleep which thing. and hypnotic sleep are one and the same

fact is well recognized by the medical fraternity, doctor hesitates to put a patient to and no modern

This

HYPNOTISM sleep by hypnotic

means

any

to go to sleep himself. to

always purely

have a

a

science, the

drugs,

than

It is well to emphasize or

ing will-

means.

natural

occult

tate hesi-

than he would In fact he is far more more

for the latter must is hypnotism physical reaction whereas

hypnotism

use

33

supernatural

causes

the fact that there is nothing It is a about hypnotism.

of which

are

well understood

and learn

special attributes to Of course than the science of chemistry or medicine. is greater one as one than and another chemist hypnotist one physician than another physician, so better results than will be capable of producing much which

requires

his fellow who

no

more

is not

certain proficiency can and if amusement

However, a equal. be obtained by any normal son, peris all that is sought the simple his mental

tricks of the parlor hypnotist mastery

are

practically within

the

of everybody.

supposed period it was by oral that the only method of producing hypnosis was The experiments suggestion. of Professor Braid and demonstrated however, that this by no others have Up

a

recent

comparatively

may be thrown into and that a subject hypnotic state by purely mechanical means. Professor Braid discovered that by gazing steadily

means a

to

is the

case,

notic polished disk of steel, hypnecessary was sleep could be induced. All that was his mind for the on the object subjectto concentrate

at

a

bright

such object,

as

a

he would pass into in a few moments when a state of hypnosis which would be identical with that This of oral suggestion. produced by the old method

before him,

THE

34 savant

discovered

also

that

of the best known

many

to

magnetism

MIND

DUAL

not

phenomena

also be

could

hypnosis

merely

are

which

or

it was

enormous, of this discovery was founded the largest and best known

hospital of mental

therapeutics in Paris.

attributed

by

produced

method. The importance upon

but

this

and school

In this hospital

patients, principally those suffering from nervous diseases or drug habits, are hypnotised by means of steel disks, crystal balls, etc., and then treated by suggestion.

A simple experiment

in this method

may

easily

be made. Take any bright objectbetween the thumb, fore, and Hold it about twelve middle fingers of the left hand. inches from the eyes and in a line with the forehead. The

position should be such

as

to cause

the greatest sible posfixed stare on this

A the optic nerves. objectwill first cause the pupils to contract and then dilate. After a few moments a the eyes will assume strain

on

motion, and if the fore and middle fingers of the right hand be then extended, slightly separated, and carried from the objecttowards the eyes the latter will wavering

close with a vibratory motion. In carrying out this experiment with a subjectit fail on account may of the eyeballs moving. sometimes It should be impressed upon that he must the subject your fingers approach, and allow his eyes to close when position, riveting his maintain the eyeballs in the same

attention upon

the

he

object

is supposed

to

be looking

at.

In this form

of producing

hypnosis

it is not

abso-

HYPNOTISM

35

be a bright one, but lutely necessary that the objectheld the brighter it is the greater the strain that will be

exercised

on

the eyeballs which

is

an

important

part of

of fact, the fingers alone centrates will be sufficient if the subjectconhis mind absolutely on what he is gazing at is thoroughly in accord with the experiment.

the experiment. of the hypnotist

and

The

As

a

matter

principal points to remember it should be held not more

the

object, from the eyes subject's

that whatever than a foot away

are

the light will fall on it. The back of the subjectshould be turned to the is light, and during the ten or twelve seconds, which all the time necessary for the experiment ordinarily, he

and where

keep

his eyeballs motionless in a strained stare. In the first experiments carried out along these lines it was edly thought sufficient to get the patient to gaze fix-

must

In closed involuntarily. however, it was found that this caused subcases, sequent the eyeballs and inflammation pain m of the In order to avoid this the plan membrane.

at

many

an

objectuntil his

eyes

conjunctual

adopted of the hypnotist closing the eyes himself after he had noticed the beginning of the vibratory motion which betokened the approach of hypnosis. was

Where

hypnosis

the process

is produced

is really

as

tion, solely by oral sugges-

simple and

as

easily mastered The eyes of employed.

are where mechanical means the hypnotist take the place of the

subjectgazed in the to requests the subject

latter gaze

objecton

case.

which

the

The

experimenter steadily into his eyes, and his eyes can, remain open.

maintain the stare as long as Then he asks him to think of nothing

but sleep. It must

DUAL

THE

36

MIND

fully understood that there involuntary hypnotism. A man

be

against his will, and

there is

is

no

such

thing

be hypnotised

cannot

in attempting experiment unless the suy ect^j^pxks in agreement the hypnotist. no

as

the

use

wijh

Having

captured the undivided attention of the subject, in hypnotist somea slow, clear voice repeats the thing to this effect :

''You

You

tired, your whole body any of your limbs, and you

move

cannot

must

remain

sleepy. Your

very

are

arms

your

becoming

are

to

go

sleep

any

awake

longer."

voice he adds : "Sleep." Some people are far than others, and

many

at the word

for you

are

Then

legs

can

see

a

You

nothing. to

weary

commanding

liable to hypnotic

more

tired,

is tired.

far too in

are

influence

will go into a state of hypnosis but others will be only partially

of command affected and it will be necessary to continue the process of suggestion by repeating in slow and persuasive tones : ''You are

so

are

drowsy

now :

Your

going to sleep, to deep sleep. You O so drowsy and you must sleep deep. Thdy are so remain open no longer.

eyelids can heavy, and drowsily, drowsily

deep, deep down

you fall to sleep. deep, fast, fast asleep."

If the suggestion

is not

sufficientto completely

Sleep

close

the the eyelids, although subjectappears sleepy and be closed by the under hypnotic influence, they can

down gently pressing them with the tips of his fingers. There is no mystic formula or any exact All that is hypnosis. words to be used in producing

hypnotist

HYPNOTISM

37

necessary is to repeat the suggestion of sleep, but it will be found that short, long-syllabledwords are best, tone. and the voice should be pitched in a low, clear mono-

il

CHAPTER

IV

MESMERIC

inducement

THE

of

PASSES

hypnosis

by

mesmeric passes knowledge must

wide field in which our be said to be far from accurate. The theory advanced by Mesmer, and stillheld by many of his disciples, was opens

up

a

transmitted from subtle fluid which was the operator to the subject. He asserted that hypnosis dently was caused by this fluid, and could be induced indepen-

that there

was

a

of suggestion.

One

of the most

with the process of mesmeric hypnotises himself by the mesmerist

he mesmerises employs state.

his

nection observed in conpasses is that the

curious phenomena

subject. This

is

same so

act by which

at least when

he

the old methods of inducing the subconscious That is, passes, fixed gaze, and concentration of

the mind. The method

for the production of a state of hypnosis consists properly in a series of from the head downwards, ator passes made while the opertrates eyes and concengazes fixedly into the

invented by Mesmer

subject's

The absolutely on the work in hind. attenexperiment will fail if the mesmerist allows his tion to be distracted for a moment.

his mind

An

important

method

distinction in regard to the mesmeric is that it is claimed by many nent of its most promi-

exponents

that by it a

may subject 38

be thrown

into

a

MESMERIC

PASSES

39

against his will. This is a point which been definitely decided, but it seems certain

state

mesmeric has never

that it is largely influenced by questions of personality circumstances.

and

Whatever

it is certain that the experience

of Mesmer, has shown at

a

be in the ''fluidtheory"

truth there may

that when distance of some

passes

are

made

of thousands

over

them,

even

feet, curious sensations are produced. to be akin to that of a light effect seems

The

a

soothing remarkably If this effect is consystem. tinued is receptive the final result is

shock of electricityand produces effect upon

the

nervous

and

the

subject

mystermesmeric ious sleep. This proves that there is some influence which emanates from the mesmerist and that it can be controlled by his will. There is a wide

field for speculation

opened here, but up to the present do is to accept the facts as they are

time all that we can known become light as we to us, and wait for more better acquainted with the processes of the human mind and body. There

has been practically no change in the theory of first advanced by Mesmer. the mesmerists since it was It may

be briefly expressed

There

thus:

is

a

subtle

fluid, akin to magnetism, be the mind, can

which, by an intense effort of projectedfrom the finger tips upon

a

hypnosis

subject,producing

phenomena

never

apt to

who sneer

been

reasonable

all the

varied

of magnetism.

Persons are

and

any

know

little or

at this theory

other

explanation

put

as

of the subject nothing fantastic, but there has

forward

of mesmeric

which

offered

phenomena.

a

Mesmeric the

To

sleep. an

in

a

produce

subjectthe

movement

the sleeper.

Sometimes

toward

is reversed, motion with the backs of the hands is always necesPersonal contact sary.

the

awake

upward

towards

made with the palms downward direction to

are

passes

subjectand

MIND

DUAL

THE

40

his communicates influence by pressing the balls of his thumbs against those of the patient, but more the usually in making downward passes he gently touches the head and face or

the

mesmerist

other parts of the body. Two things are essential in mesmerism

Intense

:

Professor concentration of mind and personal contact. Bernstein has been remarkably successful of Germany, who in his mesmeric ing experiments, gives the followdescription of his method ''Having seated the

:

subjectin

hands

raise my palms

I chair before me, downward with my

a

them and move The pass is made him.

toward

from

the top of

and at its conclusion I recommence bringing my hands back into position In making the passes movement. with a wide-sweeping the head

to the pit of the stomach

fingers gently touch my

the tips of my

from

about

awaken hands

toward The power those

six to

the

from

my

below

It takes

produce

sleep.

To

passes,

raising

my

with

the backs

turned

subject."

processes

in the

which

mesmerist place his

which Justin proportion can

reverse

subject the body

to

minutes

I

the over

ten

subject.

the phenomenon

develop are

identical

subjectin

to the

the primary

a

or

source

cognate

mesmeric

of with

condition.

perfection of these conditions

of telepathic clairvoyance

and

all

MESMERIC the

higher

produced. When

a

phenomena

PASSES of

subconscious

is mesmerised

man

his

subjective

the degree

on

in which

activity be

mind may subjective his mind objective

be stimulated to activity, although in abeyance. be completely not may degree in which phenomena depend

41

However,

the

are

produced will conthe primary self is trolled.

of the most important points in connection with as the rapport mesmerismi is the extent of what is known This rapport between the mesmeriser and the

One

subject.

is a peculiar sympathy harmonious or relationship, and Its general manifestais exhibited in different ways. tion is that the influence while under mesmeric

subject

can

hear

bidding

no or

voice but that of his mesmeriser, will do no from him, and save receive any suggestion

This has the power him. to awaken but it always rapport differs greatly in different cases, degree. exists in some the latter alone

The as

subconscious

easily broken.

forms

habits easily which It is, however, almost impossible ego

eradicate the habit of personality if it is permitted to be formed.

are

to

suggestion or rapport This is a direction in

which danger lies for the subject who permits himself to be too frequently mesmerised by the same individual. He

his own risk of losing to a certain extent personality and being perpetually under the sway of the runs

a

will of another. The exhibition of telepathic powers requires certain the operator and conditions of perfect rapport between

his

which subject,

is treated

more

fully in another

place.

THE

42

The

MIND

DUAL of the

senses objective

and the operator state himself.

abeyance,

is not

Suggestion

by that made The mesmeric the

science the most

justas

much

is often

partially subjectiv to

oral communicatio as

suggestion

far

telepathy.

term

been

have

remarkable

mesmerised

more

while

subjects. persons

of thought and In fact, in the

carried results have

exist of the transmission taste

limited

of the transmission

we which investigations which

pain and

a

effective. state offers peculiar facilitiesfor observing

sensation

records

is

speech, and

mystery

through

be in

must

necessarily

Telepathy

be in complete

subjectmust

have

on

in this

new

been obtained

Numerous

authentic

of the sensations

been

of

in the mesmeric

state.

by the London Society for conducted Psychical Research have demonstrated beyond all doubt are that telepathic powers possessed by a large number Experiments

of people, and early mesmerists that the mesmeric

for the

development

Whenever his as

condition and

the mesmerist

he subject

have proved conclusively is the one favorable most

exhibition is in

of these

powers.

rapport subjective

with

suggestions telepathically with he could orally. as much certainty and power hypnotic It is important to that ordinary note

methods, to

can

convey

whether make

the

mechanical

or

subjectrespond

mesmeric

condition

are

not

telepathically.

cient suffiTo

tism of hypnophenomena any certainty of results it is essential to use In simple hypnotism there is no methods. the of telepathic rapport existing between

obtain exhibitions of the higher with

otherwise,

PASSES

MESMERIC

43

Consequently, the phenomena, and his subject. be exhibited by mesmeric processes, and may arise from telepathic rapport, cannot be exhibited.

operator which

which Mesmerism

is distinct from

latter depends

suggestion,

positive force of great the vitality of the body of a subject, and in

upon to

addition

oral

a

exerts

mesmerism

whereas power

its effects upon

for

in that the

hypnotism

through

oral suggestion,

telepathically

as

can

rapport,

certainly and powerfully

as

gest sug-

by oral

methods. It naturally most

as

suggestion

known

as

animal

must

mesmerism

be

the

effects, for it employs oral suggestion, and in

as

well

that mysterious

addition

that

in its immediate

powerful

mental

follows

force which

psycho-physical

is

magnetism.

It is always In passes. advisable to use mesmeric the firstplace, they are so generally believed to be necessary

that

Secondly, his mind upon his

they

greatly

assist by

they enable the operator on what he is doing and

subject.

Thirdly,

of suggestion. to better concentrate way

fix his attention

to

they operate

a

as

suggestion

is as necessary which and potent, to obtain the desired end as is suggestion to the Lastly, whether the fluidic theory be true or to

the

operator

himself,

subject.

there is

not,

the

some

power

finger tips, and

effects upon matter as

of the operator its actuality may be. This experiment

it is essential that

parties.

is

this appearance

the minds

what before any

confidence

to

appears

which

can

be

be

a

as

flow

from

real in its

and subjectno is most ant, importgenuine

established

success

in both

THE

44

Self-confidence least

a

DUAL

in the mind

non,

sine qua

MIND

of the operator is at be accomplished by this can

and

Without this of auto-suggestion. self-confidence he will fail to fix the attention of his from to and prevent it from wandering

the

simple

process

subject objectand

object

from

Secure him

to

the

this to that.

attention and subject's

by your

hold

it.

Allow

that self-confident manner you are perfect master of the situation. Assert boldly to hypnotise him and the battle that you have the power is more Never let the thought of failure than half won. enter

see

easy

your

mind,

and

Everything

you

say

positive. The his eyes wander allow his mind

and

a

never

qualified statement. direct, dogmatic and

make be should

be

subjectshould but to keep to remain

as

to let

enjoinednever fixed

them

blank

on

and

you

to

as

possible. The degree of hypnotic sleep into which a subject be placed at the first trial varies greatly with can individuals. drowsy, become Some merely persons

others thrown

into

light sleep, while a third class into the deepest form of somnambulism.

pass

a

are

As

rule, the degree of sleep deepens with each The subjectusually reaches his deepest stage himself to the the fifth time he has submitted

a

general hypnosis.

about influence.

Sleep is not the

higher

when

found

the

degree

and

hypnotic

a

when he

only

remains

an

individual submits awake.

to

state,

although

be

obtained except It will frequently be

cannot manifestations is somnolent.

subject

that

first time

essential to

for the

is hypnotised suggestion

Some

simple

in

a

slight

suggestions,

MESMERIC

45

certain part of the body can, however, The be made potent. subjectshould not be dared to open his eyes when he firstcloses them as he will usually be able to do so and, by this exercise of the will, render such

as

heat

PASSES

on

a

the entire experiment in mind borne made

which

abortive. that

be

would

no

It should

also be carefully be suggestion should to

repugnant

the

subject's

consciousness.

have sleep lightly at their first seance It is necessary to awaken to hold quickly.

Subjectswho a

tendency

their eyelids closed, and say from time to time "sleep," in order to keep them under the influence. The habit of sleep is very quickly acquired, and after the

near, remains the influence

operator

The

subjectwill

mode with

will not

the idea sufificientlyupon

with

must

yet others

he

as

few long

ments experias

will awake

the

immediate

is withdrawn.

the suggestivity

reason,

asleep

although

of suggestion

word of command it is necessary to

suggestion

remain

a

should

be varied

in accordance

of the subject. A simple do in all cases. Sometimes

to

prove,

the mind.

in order to impress In other cases the

be afifirmed in a decided manner, be gently the idea of sleep must

while insinuated.

It is always to consider the normal necessary individuality of each his inclinations, character

subject,

and

special impressionability.

CHAPTER

V

HYPNOTIC

CONDITIONS

various degrees of hypnosis and conditions into by different which a hypnotic subject passes are known

THE

names,

as

such

anaesthesia, somnabuHsm, and simple hypnotic sleep. These conditions

considerably, of the

and

are

produced

the subject,

the number of times state of hypnosis.

and a

power

When

differ

acter according to the charexerted by the hypnotist

subjecthas

that the

subjectis thrown

catalepsy

into

been

in

cataleptic state the is able to take one legs and or operator of his arms it will remain in that raise it to a certain position when is called sugThis phenomenon pose automatically. gestive catalepsy because it is easy to recognise that it a

is purely

psychical, and

is directly due

condition of the patient who position

a

maintains

exactly in the idea. The suggested

suggested

will retain

a

same

to

the passive his limbs in the that

way

extent

to

he

which

be produced can varies with the cataleptic phenomena depth of hypnotic influence and the psychical receptivity

of the subject. While verbal suggestion is the best method that can to accompany be used, it is usually advantageous the an appropriate suggestion. with human of expressing a speech is the best means yet by combining with suggestion in a precise manner,

words While

of

assertion

46

CONDITIONS

HYPNOTIC it

a

a

gesture

obtained. The phenomena

hallucinations

of

as

consists

subjectbelieve ideas is in When a subject

implies in making

name

of definiteness is often

degree

greater

47

the

the

and

facts which do not exist. this intoxicated by giving condition he can easily be made him a glass of water to drink and assuring him that it is whiskey. This is an interesting ment, experiextremely for the intoxication caused by suggestion cannot from by a medical man, be differentiated, even that caused by actual indulgence in alcoholic beverages. Another popular hallucination which is largely made use the of by professional hypnotists is to make

subject

the

assume

name

and

The

character

suggested

of

some

personality

suggested will be at

vidual. indionce

tive deduccarried out with all the marvellous that is characterisreasoning and logical exactness tic Thus, for instance, a of the subconscious mind.

assumed

and

be

subjectmay United

States

informed

is President

that he

of the iately will immed-

those exhaulted

He of England. to act as if he really occupied one of in a positions, and will carry it through

manner

could

or

commence

actor

A

which that

ever

King

appeared on be made may

subject

in the

characters

same

limit to the power It is an extraordinary

no

a own

man

in

a

obedience

and to the law

the

greatest

the stage. to

assume

any

number

of

there is practically in this direction. of suggestion demonstration of the power of

evening,

subconscious

personality

rivalled by

be

not

assume

state

and

to

of his simply in

divest himself

that of others

of suggestion.

THE

48

DUAL

MIND

It may

that in making again be emphasized the language of the operator should distinct and direct to the point.

gestions all sugbe plain,

In the condition

of anaesthesia the power of sensibility be absolutely destroyed by suggestion. A be made to thrust pins into his body or allow

can

subjectcan

in by another person In fact, it the slightest pain.

to be thrust

them

that

a

patient may

in this condition were

be true

to

unlimited pain while little about it as if he

of chloroform This of phase

anaesthetic.

to

seems

the influence

under

material

be submitted as and know

encing experi-

without

or

other

any

hypnotic

nomena phe-

in therapeutics, opens a wide fieldfor conjecture but that is a subjectwhich must be dealt with separately. One of the most effects of hypnosis is extraordinary upon

be made

faculty may

This

the memory.

extremely

be made The active. remarkably subjectcan to forget his own name, and again he will recall things long forgotten, and recite poems he could not which Even the ability possibly do in his conscious moments. dull

or

to speak

years

foreign language

a

may

many

although

return,

have

may

elapsed since the conscious ego lost all There are instances where of the tongue. foreign language to speak a commenced

remembrance hypnotic

subjects

they had

which

not

used

heard

or

since their

early childhood.

Where

the

of suggestive

phenomena

necessary

place the make

a

hypnotist

to

use

arm subject's

pass

from

to

wishes

demonstrate

catalepsy, it is almost

mesmeric

passes.

straight out

the shoulder

from

to the

For

the

invariably

example,

his body

and

fingers, saying at

HYPNOTIC the

time

same

have

you

CONDITIONS

''Now

:

lost the power

to

is stiffand rigid and it. You try as may

arm

your

49

move

Hke

but you cannot move that arm. stay there as long placed it there and it must as

much have

you

I as

I

wish."

subjectis

If the

influence

hypnotic

under

properly

in the position in which it was will remain In a similar way be made to the subject may placed. hold his mouth utter a word, or open so that he cannot the

arm

hold his limbs stiffened so that it is impossible for him Or the experiment be varied by making to walk. may He will move a limb in a certain direction. the

subject

A

indefinitely until it is arrested. be caused to assume infinite numan ber

the movement

continue

subjectmay

He

be made to express ecstasy, prayer, grief, suffering, disdain, anger in which this kind and fear. A* very amusing method

of attitudes and

expressions.

may

is as follows. The be demonstrated may of automatism operator looks fixedly at the subjectso as to arrest his gaze.

He

then walks slowly backward, the whereupon immediately arises and follows him, imitating to

subject

the smallest detail every gesture and act of the operator. In this way he may be made to dance, laugh, sing, blow his nose, any other antics clap his hands, or perform which a

the operator

A

suggests.

be given He will

subjectmay

his hands. told to wash the operation for hours if he is not stopped.

piece of soap

and

continue It is remarkable

and carried out, of carrying

no

suggestion

the out

that where

a

made

subjectwill

the suggestion

complex to

as

usually with

how

devise

is suggested, it shall be

act

a

exceptional

method ingenu-

THE

50 ity.

instance, it

For

that he should

glass of pure

Of

his

MIND once

was a

member which he

volition he

own

"It is a

Another

poison water,

the designated :

DUAL

to

suggested

a

subject

of the company

with

a

told contained arsenic. immediately approached was

victim and offered very hot day."

him

the water,

saying

chief told to steal a pocket handkerHe walked towards the individual of one of the party. him, feigned dizziness, and when approaching kerchief reeled and fell against him, snatching the pocket handIn a similar instance the as he did so.

subjectwas

subject

his victim and asked him abruptly what he approached The person addressed looked at his had on his hand.

hand

and

while

he

it his handkerchief

examined

disappeare

be made with regard being paid to the personality and habits of the subject. If he is along the line of his special is given a task which abilities,the most extraordinary ingenuity and resource On the other hand, if the suggestion will be displayed. All suggestions

is opposed

to

should

his natural

inclinations and

experience

the result will be correspondingly poor. features in hypnosis One of the best known rigidity of the body is thoroughly

subject

is sometimes

a

muscles

and

those of

a

every

corpse.

support

under

frequently hypnotic

a when influence. There ensues

contraction of all the voluntary jointin the body becomes as stiff as

complete

In this state the head

be placed on one may body will lie,without often

which

is the

a

chair and his feet support, stiffand

heavy

weight,

such

on

of the

subject

another.

straight and as

another

The can

man

HYPNOTIC him.

seated upon

CONDITIONS

Usually

is sufficient to put

it continues

known

a

upon

from

hours.

having

of the most

great

subjectto

exertion.

hour

stand

one

on

back to ness consciousbe followed by any serious

will not

physical fatigue or pain. is termed by Liebault What the

muscular

then be brought

and

the ordeal

when

is where

One

such

maintained It is possible for a

an

the operator

features of this phenomenon is that the subject, does not recovery, any experience great

remarkable

leg for

for

from

command

times end to this rigidity, but someconsiderable time and has been

last for seventeen

to

fatigue

an

a

51

subjecthas

revolving or moving suggestion is necessary

''automatic

movement"

his limbs started by the operator

in

some

direction.

but the movement

indefinitely, precisely the

same

as

No

verbal will be continued if it had been

suggested orally. In the lighter stages of hypnosis the memory is fect. perThe memory state is of the subject of his abnormal precise, and at the conclusion of the hypnosis he is able In the deeper stages, however, to describe all that occurred. the

subjectrarely

he has returned to consciousness. is destroyed Where memory is known occurs

as

his experiences

remembers

on

somnambulism.

only

waking Sometimes during

at certain moments

when

the condition somnambulism

hypnosis.

At other times it is the constant It is in the condition. latter case that anaesthesia, catalepsy and all the higher brought to their highest are phenomena of hypnosis perfection. As

a

general

rule, persons

who

have

been

in

a

som-

THE

52 state

nambulistic nothing on

although

DUAL

MIND

will in their waking

moments

transpired of what being again hypnotised

remember

during they

hypnosis, recall every

detail of their previous experience. In the phenomenon of hallucinations some of the more may curious effects which have been demonstrated be noted. If a

subjectbe

a

an

given

imaginary

book, to hold and be told to press his hands

he will experience held a real book. If

a

as

object,such as

resistance precisely

together,

he

though

portrait is made to appear on a piece of cloth or the subcardboard, both sides of which are the same, ject imaginary will always see the picture on the same a

side of the cloth on which it was It will not affect his judgment times the cloth is turned about. An

imaginary

perform

opera

its functions

first shown no

glass handed

for him

justas

will see distant instrument will same

to

at them

through

It would appear faculty of the body

an

imaginary

that

the

sense

a

many

subjectwill

if it was

objectsnear him and on see near objectsfar from objectswill appear enlarged to

way

how

matter

him.

to

He

real.

reversing the In the him.

him

looking

on

microscope. of feeling

is the

is most susceptible to the which influence of suggestion. The skilled mesimerist, having destroy can placed himself in rapport with his

subject,

of the body by Thus passes and an oral suggestion. the face and the suggestion, 'There passes over feeling in your face," will produce a remarkable all sense downward

of feeling in any

part

few

a a

few

is

no

phe-

CONDITIONS

HYPNOTIC nomenon. even

show

53

be stuck in the patient's face and teeth extracted and he will remain unmoved and The whole body may be made no signs of hurt. Pins

may

insensible to pain in the same fact which manner, a of immense value in mental therapeutics. The sense of hearing is also readily susceptible. in

person

condition will hear

hypnotic

a

on

is

A

suggestion

the rattling of a train, a woman singing or any musical instrument Some playing. ments very rem.arkable experihave been carried out along these lines, not merely

demonstrating

the power

of mesmeric

passes

but also

that of mental suggestion. For example, a subjectunder mesmeric control has been informed mediate He imthat he is listening to a piano. accepts rapt

to

attention

Without

saying

suggests

the

the

and listens with a instrument. imaginary

suggestion

the

purely

anything

the mesmerist

then

mentally is being played

of the piece which

name

and follows his mental suggestion with it is that the hears. to what as

an

oral question

Invariably

subject

the

the piece of music promptly, naming will come in the operator's mind. that was It must be remembered however, can that the subject response

be made to hear such sounds are as and music familiar to him. A man had never heard a lion who to hear one roar under mesmeric could not be made

only

conditions.

It is advisable

experiments

with

persons

to

also not are

who

make tone

musical

deaf

or

unmusical. Experiments with the most

along these lines amusing

results.

can

A

be varied infinitely be made can

subject

THE

54 to eat

a

raw

potato

DUAL

with

that he is being treated to

MIND relish, beHeving He may be told

the greatest an

orange.

that he is standing on a red-hot iron plate and he will immediately jump from the spot with every symptom of pain and fright. There

is

a

the experimenter,

that

for the originality of it is hardly necessary to say

latitude here

wide

although

should be indulged in which would if he were in his normal condition. subject It should also be borne in mind that experiments be repugnant to the consciousness of the would

no

experiment be resented by the

which hypnotic

bring him

are

very

back to

apt to break a

normal state with distressing results, such

may

produce into a hysterical condition. is always trance a mesmeric shock of

a

which

very

the mesmeric

may

An

a

spell and

suddenness as

to throw

abrupt awakening

that him

from

accompanied with a nervous be actually detrimental to the health

sensitive person.

It should be strictly avoided.

be mesmerised for the firsttime, the suggestions which are made to him should There should be nothing to shock his sense be simple. Usually be the experiments of probability. should When

a

to the

to

and taste which are the merist readily susceptible to the influence of the mesnation and do not require too great a tax on the imagi-

confined most

subjectsubmits

of the

sense

of touch

subject.

fact in connection with these experiments is that when an effect is suggested without any cause being given, the immediately differentiates. For subject instance, if the is told that there is a bitter taste A

curious

subject

in his mouth

he will usually admit

the sensation but will

CONDITIONS

HYPNOTIC

he tastes something

that although

remark

55 bitter he has

Similarly he may be told that He will feel his hand and then surprise that although it is hot he is not

nothing in his mouth. his hand is burning hot.

remark with holding anything that should cause the sensation. An endless number can of amusing experiments limiting the powers through of the conducted

be

subject.

For

instance, he may

be told that he is dumb

except for which he

simple rhyme such as ''Little Bo-Peep" Try as he may he will not be able to can say. anything but that nursery jingle and will commence some

it in

say to

that is said to him. He may also be told that while his right leg is perfectly sound he is unable to place it on the ground and can repeat

only kick

move

to

answer

everything

about by hopping

on

his left leg.

He

will but

the influenced member and struggle to use do so and will continue his hoppings and strugcannot gles He may be also until the suggestion is removed. to forget

made

his

own

name,

his nationality and

of his relatives and will make efforts to recall these details.

names

As mentioned with

before it is important

the most

the

comical

in experimenting

bear in mind his education and experiences. It would be useless to ask a man edge with no knowllines from Virgil or suggest of Latin to repeat some knew to a man or the who nothing of China

a

Chinese

subjectto

that he

All experiments knowledge

was

a

native

of the Celestial empire.

sonal should lie within the scope of the perand habits of the

In the deeper stages of hypnosis no recollection in waking

subject. has the subject moments

of

positively

events

DUAL

THE

56 occurred

which

MIND

in the subconscious

state

but

on

being

again

the former train mesmerised will resume Thus thought as if no interruption had taken place.

of it

is possible, under certain conditions, for a person lead two distinct lives with no connection whatever their minds between the two.

to

In carrying out completely ignores do not

which

in

to him a suggestion made subject facts or all tion associaof environment have a direct bearing on the carrying a

If he is told that he is a dog he suggestion. that a will, to the limit of his powers, act in all ways dog would act and be oblivious to everything else.

out

of

Thus

a

if he

ignore any told to sit down, he would him and squat on his haunches chairs that might be near on the floor. Similarly, he would chase a suggested cat or

was

but would

mouse

done by the

men

no

pay

and

women

attention to anything being about him unless it directly

concerned his supposed canine existence. in conOne of the most extraordinary phenomenon nection with hypnosis is observed in the force exercised hours and even days after they by suggestions many been made.

have and

to

about hour no

aroused subject,

from

his sleep

conscio recollection of what has passed will unried obey a suggestion laid upon him to be carfuture time. out at some Subjectshave been told, while under hypnotic control, with

no

that at are

The

go

to

a

certain hour on sleep. Aroused

the following

from

hypnosis

day

they

they

go

the appointed their ordinary affairs but when comes the following day they will fall asleep from

volition of

their

own

and

oftimes

under

most

HYPNOTIC

CONDITIONS

57

It is also possible to embarrassing circumstances. define clearly the length of time to be passed in be told to go to sleep for five sleep. A subjectcan He will succumb to slumber and minutes or five hours. awake

promptly important proof

mind

has

without

the

at

suggested

of the theory absolute intuitive

an

the aid of clocks

assistance. Sleep is only

or

sun

that sense or

This

time.

is

an

the

subconscious of lapse of time

any

other

material

instance of this phenomenon which in a variety of ways. The most curious

an

be exhibited is that the suggestion lies point in this connection A subuntil the appointed hour. absolutely dormant ject hypnosis he is be to told while under that eat may may

an

apple at

apple

the next

noon

to

presented

him

is aroused and an it conveys impression no

day. but

He

has completely his mind. He forgotten the command laid upon him and will remember nothing about it until the following noon he will find himself when

to

influenced by

an

imperative

desire to eat

an

apple and

will do so. There is a peculiar parallel which may be drawn here has Every between dreams and hypnotic trances. one from sleep a upon waking experienced occasions when before them dream they have had comes with which Yet some extraordinary vividness. find themselves absolutely incapable slightest detail of it. is apparently the same

of

suggestions

through

under

hours

of

later they

recalling the

This curious trick of the memory in the case lesion which occurs

received experiences and hypnotic conditions.

or

passed

THE

58

MIND

DUAL

deferred suggestions

Where

are

carried out through they are invariably

the medium of some material object but in other cases they frequently obeyed

fail.

A

be told to go to a certain place which is He will to him, at a certain future time. well known But if he is told to perform invariably obey. some

subjectmay

abstract act, such nothing

dancing

as

there is

singing, where

force to the suggestion

to give

concrete

or

he will

often disregard the command. There is no absolute rule which can in be laid down sugregard to the length of time after which a deferred gestion more

It depends largely upon the will be operative. individuality of the subjectand the extent to which hypnosis has been developed. It will also depend upon

the methods adopted and the nature of the suggestion. The longest length of time on authenic record for a deferred suggestion to be carried out is in an instance

for by

vouched

Liegois

and

Liebault.

This

was

a

instance Another an entire year elapsed. where from his own experience related by Professor Hudson

case

lapse of four months. It is interesting to observe that where a suggestion is deferred for an hour or a couple of hours the sub-

involved

a

ject

is sometimes punctual, at other times ten late. He may minutes in advance but never that in

an

hours

Another

He

he

will pick

up

a

fifteen

be told

certain book

obey the suggestion within or the precise hour is elapsed, when beyond the hour the suggestion has lost

and start reading. forty-five minutes but if he goes its power.

time

or

extremely

may

interesting point is that

a

subject

HYPNOTIC has

CONDITIONS

59

to give for ing obeyplausible reason He is unconscious the suggestion. of the true for he has no recollection of any command being

always

reason

some

most

him, but no matter how laid upon absurd the action which he may perform he will always be able to answer he did it, readily and naturally. the query as to why ines Having forgotten the origin of the suggestion he imagit to be spontaneous and his formulates a reason for it.

of London relates an extreme and instance of a deferred suggestion. He commanded a that when he should awake he should

Professor amusing

once

at

mind objective

Trevor

subject

his boots, carry them to a young lady in a different house and ask her to repair in the same room The suggestion was to pomptly obeyed much

remove

them.

the astonishment of the young woman who was ignorant of the underlying cause. She asked in amazement why he should take her for

the subject a

cobbler

he immediately

and

^Tardon possession

responded: but I have always

me, so

admired your selffoolish littlebet with

that I made a would not lose your

much

that you how matter ridiculous

myself no

entirely

a

presence

of mind

proposition I might

make

to you."

The

higher Europe stage

science of mesmerism state or

of perfection in the Orient than America the last and most where

of hypnosis

has rarely been

this condition complete is produced and

from

that

has been brought

of

death

a

brought

to

a

far

either in

complete In about.

tions suspension of all physical funcstate, impossible to distinguish

is caused.

Respiration

ceases,

THE

6o neither the heart the body

and

This

DUAL

MIND

the pulses

nor

becomes

be observed

can

cold and rigid. has repeatedly

phenomenon

been

to

move

in

seen

China

by credible witnesses and subjectsin have been examined by medical men

India and

this condition have testified that they who

were

unable

find any

to

sign of life in the body. Under the such circumstances reaches its highest possible degree susceptible in

an

suggestions

and

is

condition

extraordinary of the hypnotist.

an

To

dangerous

extremely

be

never

should

mind subconscious of intensity and is to the impulses extent

attempted

by

any

bring

about this

experiment one

and

is not

who

a

positive adept in the science. The complete separation of the mind from the body is too tremendous, an undertaking to be lightly entered upon

and

one

demands

which

years

of

study

and

practice. To sleep is always the firsttendency observed under hypnotic conditions but there is a great distinction

between After

a

and depth of the sleep produced. has been hypnotised many times he may subject the

manner

as acquire a tendency to drop off into what is known This condi"magnetic sleep," or the ''lethargic state." tion is a slumber of such profundity that the operator is unable to arouse the and should be carefully

subject

guarded alarmed

to be there is nothing against. at in the condition for it is simply natural sleep

Of

course

of peculiar profoundness after his mind and body

However,

such

a

and have

the

been

subjectwill thoroughly

awake

rested.

state is useless for the production

of hypnotic

HYPNOTIC

CONDITIONS

phenomena.

Left

to

6i

themselves,

in periods varying awaken minutes to several hours and dependent on they were and mental condition in which

subjectswill

sleeping

from

a

few

the physical when

they

fell into slumber. Under ordinary

diffiany culty conditions there is never in arousing a sciousne subject.He will return to conreadily on the command of the hypnotist, but there is no need for anxiety if he should not immediately

respond. to become

The

operator

flurried

or

always

should

be careful not

as

reflect such emotions adversely upon the patient and it is only in very rare instances that smelling salts, water, etc., should be employed to

arouse

the

excited

subject. The mesmerist eyes of his subject when he

blows upon the him but this is merely to awake is not of any real significance.

an

sometimes

wishes

aid to suggestion and

CHAPTER LIMITS

IN

the earlier days

mtich an

in the

SUGGESTION

hypnotism

of modern

grocery,

murder

and hypnotism.

of

men

of

women

had

who

there

was

themselves

forces they had

subjectsseemingly

were

evoked.

driven to

been

been

had

who

the hypnotists

of the strange their

OF

come popular fear that the new science would beinstrument ponents. of crime in the hands of its exSensational stories were told in the press and

corner

Even

VI

ruined

by

almost afraid They saw that

all initiative and

surrendered Whatever

was told the victim volition into their hands. he believed was he true; was commanded whatever It is littlewonder notism that the people viewed hypobeyed.

with a sort of terror. As investigation proceeded that this fear was unfounded.

however,

instrument

upon

the very

the guardian to or

no

of evil. nature

The

of the

reason

by all can rarely become for this is based now

which is It will hearken

mind, subjective

of the soul. that violates its own moral

and preserver

suggestion

of the proprieties. Platform experimenters

found

was

It is agreed

the best authorities that hypnotism the

it

standard

sense

their

was subject

amenable

discovered

soon

to any

refused instantly to accept any 62

proper

command

that while suggestion he

that

was

con-

LIMITS trary

a

imaginary

an

shoot

in his hand,

real gun

even

cheerfully would stick, but place with a broom if it was not loaded, and he

shiver with dread and refuse to fire it. He would if the stage were a lake and that he was ming swimwith all his might, but he could not be persuaded

would as

act

enemy

63

He

instincts.

his natural

to

SUGGESTION

OF

to undress.

In the that

a

found

soon

physician could not be induced to step until he had carefully cleaned his feet. A would take off his coat and vest and roll a

rug

laboring

it was

do easily and would naturally told that his boots refuse. If he was

would

muddy

onto

upon,

man

one

what

another were

experimented subjects

man

up his sleeves without

but another man, unused before ladies in his shirt sleeves could not to appearing be induced to take off his coat. There

are

control may

to think, however

reasons

many seem

demur,

to

be, that the

great the

subjectretains

a

ing linger-

There of the unreality of the performance. been cases men were trol under hypnotic conwhere

sense

have

beyond themselves

doubt, and that they

justto what

they

were

who

were

yet

going

were

able to persuade

the operator. accommodate doing but thought they

of their own volition. Since the operations

the mance perforThey knew

through

were

doing

it

are of the subconscious mind imagine for a minute that can

better understood, no one hypnotism might be made the instrument of crime. The instinct of self-preservation, the moral instinct,perhaps

It all instincts lie deep in the subconsciousness. is justas natural for the subconscious mind to refuse to even

64

THE

DUAL

MIND

to it as it is for it to that is repugnant in time of danger. to save As the guardian, it endeavor It is the mian's never relaxes its vigilance. real self, a

obey

the

command

lord of life, not

ever

true

only

the

servant

in

but

a

of the consciousness. While the may be highly sensitized, and may subject be so much under control that his inherent desire to obey is strong, he yet refuses to do any thing that is the master

sense

him.

It distresses him

unnatural

to

argument

flusters him

him

a

nervous

strong

him

restore

to

the extremely hysteria, and In the many

criminals have that they

a

and

shock.

sensitive

be

cases

sought

a

to

one source

An

refuse.

persistent objection gives This is often sufficient to

state, but at times

normal

may

to

a

it may

drive

condition bordering of danger.

on

investigated by the police, where by the claim to excuse themselves

influence of another under the malign drove them into crime, it has generally been

were

person who found that the motive

existed entirely in the mind of tist. the criminal, rather than being with the alleged hypnodwelling It might be that a person of weak nature, and

brooding

upon

some

act

of revenge

or

some

desire and yet without to sufficient courage unlawful into action, would under the stimulus put his thought tated of hypnotic suggestion carry out the crime he had medion.

In

this extreme

case

however,

the

crime

and could not fairly be laid at the door of hypnotism, it may be repeated as a clearly defined principal that the self refuses to accept subconscious foreign to its own moral standard.

In the earlier platform

experiments,

any

where

suggestion

the sub-

LIMITS

jectsoften

OF

permitted

SUGGESTION

themselves

at

65 the

command

of

the lecturer to become

carrying out dramatic effect, a made

burglars, pickpockets or assassins, their imaginary crimes with great impression was profound naturally

'T wouldn't place myself the audience. for anything in the world," was power often heard.

upon

that

man's

comment

It

in a

logical enough to the spectators that if Jones can be made to sneak like an Indian on the young trail through the audience and despoil Smith of his seems

to the watch and then carry the watch triumphantly hypnotist, that he would carry out the same crime in But it must be reality at the command of his master.

remembered

that

whole

transaction

play.

He

who

Jones is

vaguely that he is taking

aware

during

the

part in a sort of in the first place, perhaps,

goes to the platform because he likes to show off.

Hypnotic

subjects

ably are take part in public experiments almost invariThey like to be in the limelight. vainglorious.

surrender themselves to the lecturer with that one They know point in view, to help in the performance. beforehand that it is an entertainment, and "for the fun They

of the thing" they are willing to help. But back of all the play, the subconscious mind holds itself ready to say "no" the suggestion the minute The passes the bounds of right and reason.

subject

has willingly surrendered himself to the hypnotic spell for the amusement and instruction of his friends in the into But he will not deliver himself bound audience. At the outset he has imposed of his enemy. In the implied contract that limitation upon himself. the hands

THE

66

between

MIND

himself and the lecturer, he agrees to do certain

harmless

things or

wrong

DUAL

actually upon provision that nothing improper is asked of him. If the lecturer

violates the spirit of this implied agreement, at

once

subject

rebels.

With

even

reasoning innocence

deep

the

be

force it must

as

to resist suggestion

powerful

hypnotist

with

a

that this

strength that

in the world

assail. In all the numerous have claimed that they were

women

seen

applies to the crimes against the virtue and The instincts of purity are so of women.

seated

the most

greater

successfull

cannot

cases

in which

led to ruin while

under a spell which they could not resist, the most careful investigation has failed to show a single instance It is the claim was proved to be well founded. to yield a natural instinct of even the worst of women herself with an appearance of reluctance and to seize the best excuse to her to explain her lapse from that occurs

where

virtue. It is true

of

that the power

course

great and is stilllargely unexplained. some attraction which and dangerous over

women

hypnotism.

of suggestion is The mysterious libertines have

in itselfmay Every

be due in part to unconscious attempt that is made to set a limit "

the influence of suggestion begins and where it ends must necessarily fail. In the most where trifling actions of every day life, suggestion plays a

to

say

"

part. In the complexity of the relations between the the dominating masculine mind oftimes becomes to

contend

with.

It is

woman's

nature

to

sexes, a

tor fac-

yield.

LIMITS It is only her

or

and her

enables take the form of

which

suggestion

domain

SUGGESTION

of prudence

they

when

Yet

sense

training

external

OF

ordinary

67

the effect of her to resist his entreatie

a

command. is outside the of this character hypnosis, and it remains clear that

submit against her will will never how deep may to any violation of her purity, no matter An be the hypnotic spell under which she is placed. impossible during hypnosis assault by violence is more It is invariably found than during a normal condition. the virtuous

that when

woman

the

held in abeyance, the

are

senses objective

are the stronger than they are when physical powers subjectis in his natural state. In this respect the same It is a peculiar rule applies as in dementia or hysteria.

thing that the

of subjugation

the will

seems

to heighten

Even

and increase the physical strength. is more the moral nature powerful and more during hypnosis. in case And of a profound

all the

senses

Prof.

sleep countenance

often

Gregory acquires

has the

found most

pure hypnotic

that

lovely

''the

expression,

all that the great artists have given Mary, to the Virgin or the angels, and which may be called heavenly, for it involuntarily suggests to surpassing

and intellectualbeauty which alone seems consistent with our view of heaven." It would be interesting to follow this line of thought

our

mind

the moral

into the domain

of what might be termed speculation. The heightened beauty of the subject,his increased tone, even the physical strength, his elevated moral sweetness changed of the voice which has been often noticed, would

almost

warrant

a

conclusion

that the

68

DUAL

THE

flights of genius and due to auto hypnosis. The

MIND

the subhme

of heroism

acts

are

who holds his audience spellbound under the magic of his words is himself under the spell of a senses almost holds his concentration which orator

objective

in abeyance. He no

All

ten. forgotdistracting externalities are tion longer thinks of his gestures or the inflec-

his remarks are of his voice, or of whether going His absorption is complete to ''take" with his hearers. passes to the audience, which weeps, and his enthusiasm laughs,

or

swells with

righteous

indignation,

responding In reality, has not

of his mood. himself and then placed the man partially hypnotized It is all unconhis hearers under the same influence ? scious, but it is the result of training his of course, to

every

change

trate gifts of expression, until he is able to concento produce all his powers certain effects. An audience thus might be impelled to crimes of

natural

certain character, under the belief that they were Thus Mark Anthony a heroic and noble deed. the Romans

to

lynch

the negro crimes, if crimes they the

sense

of

by

a

on

dumb

are

doing drove

Caesar's assassination, and the drives the mob to hysterical mother

avenge

and

over-wrought

a

assailed her they be, are in a sense who

committed

has

in moments

justice, mistaken

though

piteous spectacle either It was the imagination.

child.

These

cause excusable, be-

of exaltation when it may be, is heightened seen

actually

the pleading

or

impressed

of the

of Caesar as well as the persuasive words wounds to a frenzy of of Anthony which aroused the Romans riotous indignation.

^

OF

LIMITS It must

be noted

is effective only He can heighten they

as

even

SUGGESTION here, however,

of the auto

that the orator

of his hearers.

he has the sympathy

their appreciation

suggestion

of

truth of which

a

powerful is the effect that originates in the normal

already convinced, but

are

69

so

that while it may be accentuated it of the subject be successfully opposed. cannot It is easy for an orator to arouse the sympathies of an of audience of Irish patriots when he recites the woes

mind

their beloved isle,but not

Cicero himself could find

even

honeyed

audience words to convince this same a thing to be cally that English domination was enthusiastidesired. Not even if he could Daniel Webster, enough

return

to

all his eloquence undimmed, the people of the Pacific coast that oriental is a thing to be desired. For the same

the earth with

could persuade immigration reason,

any

hypnotist

criminal be immediately

repugnant

would

suggestion overcome

by a made by the subject's

suggestion lingering in his mind. Men are still largely controlled by their instincts, and while it might be possible for a criminal hypnotist deeper into crime, it is probto urge a criminal able own

auto

subject

that

to preserve to

in that

even

himself from

phenomena "sweat

the

own

instinctive desire subject's

punishment

the suggestion

overcome

which his Another

case

be sufficient

would

to commit

a

crime

toward

heart inclined.

of hypnotism arises in regard to aspect

and

crime

confessions

as

related from the

box," and testimony procured' through hypnotic have often been known Men to confess to suggestion. afterwards proved innocent, crimes of which they were

THE

70

DUAL

MIND

to be a violation of this fact at first glance seems the rule that the instinct of self-preservation is more

and

powerful

than

the force of suggestion.

of the question shows general rule is only seeming.

Yet

a

deeper

that the exception to the It is not until he is tortured

study

beyond

the limits of endurance that the victim of the "third degree," or the inquisition will make a false To escape the agonies of the moment he confession. is willing to make an acknowledgment cause that may his punishment in the future, and in his instinctive

choice between two evils, he takes that which to be the lesser. seems Then,

too,

in certain natures

there

is

at the

a

time

desire for

have been to a mania, and men notoriety that amounts known to voluntarily appear and confess to the commission tion. of heinous crimes with which they had no connecIn the old days many persons confessed that they

the punishment they knew when witches, even however, These cases, are might be death. evidences form, and their study belongs in some of dementia rather to the specialist in mental abnormalities than to were

the investigator of hypnotic phenomena. Attempts which have been made to wring the truth notic from reluctant witnesses by throwing them into a hypstate have

always

failed. While

it is the instinct of

the subconscious mind to tellthe truth, yet there remains the deeper instinct of self-preservation, and the secret heart he will not betray upon which lies next to man's any

suggestion

into

a

man

corner

might

made

hypnotism.

through

he will lie with envy, but if the

a

cunning

cross

which

examination

If pressed a

normal

becomes

SUGGESTION

OF

LIMITS

71

persistent the subjectis distressed and the result is that he quickly becomes restored to a normal condition. Even in delirium the to stand mind seems too

subjective

guard to preserve the fatal secret which it means In all the experiments disgrace to reveal. or have been tried, no one ever yet has succeeded

death

which in persuading

of a secret order to reveal the slightest detail of his lodge work. The lesson of caution so strongly impressed was upon him at the time he took the sacred vows of his initiation, that he never wards, afterthe member

in the

even

ravings

of

insanity, betrays

the

of his brethren to the world. It is therefore seen, in view of the foregoing, that the attempt of sensational writers and lecturers to connect secrets

hypnotism

as crime together stand wholly discredited. The

and

dangerous

factors

subtle instincts of the mind remain obdurately beyond the realm subjective Hypnotism become the cannot of improper suggestion. must

instrument

of evil.

The

man

who

is placed under

its

until will yield himself readily enough you attempt to do violence to his moral standard, and The inner mind never then he is firm as a rock. sleeps strange

powers

relaxes its vigilance, and however powerful be his control stops when he passes the hypnotist may beyond covered the border line of externalities. He has dis-

and

never

no

nature

to

influence strong sleep

or

paralyze

and wrong. One of the commonest

enough

to

the inherent

put sense

the moral

of right

characteristics of persons who are possessed of gifts of the imagination, such as writers, painters, actors, etc., is a lack of power of con-

THE

72

DUAL

MIND

The much centration. abused term is properly used to designate

defect.

Under

whatever

''artistictemperament,"

name,

this very commonplace it has seriously

hampered

the productivity and injuredthe work of sons persuffer from it. Hitherto this has been supwho posed irradicable, constitutional tendency to an which

far too subtle a Certainly it was could not be cured. mental disorder to be reached by the, ordinary methods Recent experiments however have of material science. that there is very hypnotism.

shown

Dr.

John Quackenbos,the is one

who

a

remarkable

the treatment to

concentrate

eminent

account

of persons

York

New

of the leading authorities in his book, ''Hypnotism

in this country,

gives

for the sufferers in

real hope

cian, physi-

hypnotism

on

in

Culture,"

of the results he obtained in who suffered from an inability

their thoughts.

His

were experiments made principally in the case of fiction writers, and he declares that in hypnosis he imparted to them, "a knowledge

of narration, viz., the law

of the

canons

which

limits the story-teller to appropriate

of selection,

acteristi char-

individual circumstances; the law of succession, dents which governs the disposal of the selected inciin the order of a climax; and the law of unity, or

"

secondly, of the laws novel, its functions

of construction

and

technic,

in the

and

case

of the

its legitimate

material.

is readily grasped," philosophy "assimilated and utilized in post-hypnotic "This

the

mode

of instruction

conventional

puts

out

he continues,

creation ; and

of countenance

wrestling with the precepts

of

a

the

text-book.

SUGGESTION

OF

LIMITS

73

In the light of instantaneous

apprehension,

to

association,

place

gives

richness

of

barrenness the

earnest

and honest toil of the old method to a surprising facility,disinclination to select details, to zest in appropriating is available. Opportunity and mood whatever

thought

are

thus made

to coincide,

and the

subjectspontaneously

Under to the eternal principles of style. the conforms influence of such inspiration, rapid progress has been made in the chosen field of authorship."

Such should

evidence contributed by an indisputable expert covery importance be convincing. The of this dis-

The easily be underestimated. great lament of all lovers of art and beauty for centuries has been that the great geniuses have given so littleto to humanity

may

Their paucity of output has been, to a large ridge to their inability to work steadily. ColeBoth gave to the Poe are notable instances.

the world. due extent,

and

quanof inestimable value, but how poor in tity compared with the wealth of their imaginative gifts. in both cases The reason For months was the same. at

world

work

time the authors of 'The Ancient Mariner," and "The Raven," would remain in idleness' and apathy, pitifully but incapable of concentrating their anxious to work

a

minds

and would

on

their labors.

If they

had

with the results achieved the others in similar cases, be the richer to-day by

eternal and priceless. It is undoubtedly true

that

a

notically treated hyp-

by Dr.

Quackenbos

world

undoubtedly

number

a

been

of masterpieces,

considerable number

of

pictures, and works of fiction, plays, poems, sculpture, have been executed under hypnotic influence,

the great

THE

74

MIND

DUAL

As a matter of unconsciously self-induced. which was fact inspiration is really nothing more than suggestion. is said to inspire a painter or a poet. A beautiful woman

The

that she exercises a suggestive phrase simply means influence over his subconscious mind, and he works exercising his conscious under that influence without intelligence to any appreciable extent.

magnificent feats in the world of art and literature have been accomplished while the actor was The

in

an

most

abnormal

genuinely

and

subconscious

The

absent-mindedness of men passed into a proverb is of course It

conscious mind.

means

case

of actors public

which

actresses

through

Oftimes

are

a

the control words in a

under

in other

or

lapse of the

has proved

and

exceptionally beneficial in the One of the hardest tasks actresses.

have to performers their diflidence or

of conquering Many instances

and

simply

that they

of their subliminal selves, state of partial hypnosis. Hypnotism

of genius

condition. has which

are

have

on

record where

undertake

is that

self-consciousness. well-known

actors

to

grief at critical moments being by self-consciousness. overwhelmed on the stage has not many years experience come

sufficed to eradicate this defect, and it is related of he suffered Booth that to the time of his last appearance he stood in the wings waiting mental agonies whenever

for his

cue.

Garrick

and

Macready

are

said to have

suffered in a similar way. by self-consciousWhile stage folk are handicapped ness or there is nothing rare peculiar about it. Stage fright is as

common

with veterans

as

beginners and is a

source

perpetual

SUGGESTION

OF

LIMITS

75 pians. to all Thes-

of pain and embarrassment

Hypnotism

offers

disease is a simple

an

absolute

The

remedy.

suggestio and yields readily to either autoThis or the influence of another person. has been proven by the experience of a large number of actors a

actresses

and

found

remedy and Hypnotism

has

as

one

yet

is

a

have

who

resorted to hypnotism

absolute relieftherein. vast and human

as

subject,

knowledge

the borders of it.

There

but touched

are

certain phases of it which are at present inexplicable but which present and possibilities which problems infinity. The through allow speculation to wander

science treats of the relation of mind to matter, soul and the body, and it involves the tremendous of

immortality

man's

and the

causes

and

of the question

nature

of

the universe. One of the most

esting baffling and at the same time interproblems which have ever confronted mankind is that of the dominance of certain individualities who arise here and completely Such world.

and

Shakespeare

For

one over

history

the whole contemporary overshadow Alexander, Caesar, Mahomet, men as

and

but concerning save

there at long intervals through

Napoleon

are

there is

phenomena

which

exist

no

satisfactory tion, explanawhich is offered by hypnotism. has thrilled, Napoleon's a name century

which

horrified, and amazed the world. Whole libraries have been written concerning the minutest details of his life, almost as Ignorant of his real as if he had lived and died in the same nature obscurity In fact a book was Shakespeare. as published a few

and

yet

we

are

to-day

THE

76 years

in which

ago

seriously that

This

DUAL

no

the

such

MIND

author

person

as

to prove endeavored Napoleon lived. ever

dominated

this great

man,

the terror and made fallen from his high

enigma, of his name

felt long

his world after he had

died in lonely captivity. But after all the babbling of the scholiasts has ceased did he the question stillremains to be answered, ''How estate

and

do it?" "Circumstances

other

!" said Napoleon "I make once, cumstan cirSuch words in the mouth of almost any have been the most lived would that ever

man

foolish and empty boasting. it seems With this man Through been the amazing to have truth. the force one of a mighty of the greatest nations of will he made the world bow down and worship him almost as a god. How

absolutely insignificant appears every other figure He failed until failing never of his day beside him. health weakened the master mind and inanimate nature conspired to bring about his downfall. But the most and significant fact of his remarkable is that he contemptuously overrode every whole career

had the wisdom of man and law which for guidance in war and statesmanship.

maxim

down

undertook sense

enterprises

that they

failure.

Yet

to common entirely opposed from their inception doomed

laid He

so

seemed

to

but for long years, It was the will, vast undertakings.

he triumphed

and

in innumerable

and

the will alone which

and had

the greatest

genius

not

once

could accomplish would have been

such things, helpless if it

for the magnificent driving force behind. It is here that we find the heart of the problem. not

been

OF

LIMITS That

Napoleon

tremendous

dominate

could

an

SUGGESTION

77

his fellowmen

to

so

but what of the fact that he actually He made circumstances and

is marvellous

extent

enough,

explanation is to be given dominated circumstances ? defied the gods to change them. Prometheus-like In the small and insignificant frame of Napoleon there lay a mysterious, intangible force which could

make

do his bidding,

men

millions of

destroy

mighty

the nations, and turn to folly all the wisdom which world had learned in the school of experience. Hypnotism into this case ininasmuch as the fluence enters on which was exerted by Napoleon into his presence was purely hypnotic.

came

those who His conscious

so mind was much superior to those of all other that it broke them down and forced irresistiblesuggestions

men

their subconsciousness. in any circle. this may be seen upon

degree

always, dominates harmonious. A when

what

that

he

individual

ing project-

superstitious

regarded was

far less

group, especially when the group.ia" is said to have a strong ality man personis that his powers is meant of

either consciously highly developed.

peasantry

One

a

a

suggestions,

The

In

reverence

Napoleon

ruthlessly

or

unconsciously,

are.

with which the French all his life,despite the fact

draining

their country

of

its

is one wealth and manhood, of the most remarkable facts in history. home A minor instance nearer may be found in the manner in which millions of Americans of all degrees This is seldom opportunity

to

pin their faith on due to their deeds,

perform

any,

nor

certain as

politicians. they have had no

is it due

to

a

belief

THE

78 in their wisdom,

DUAL

MIND

for it is safe to say that

devoted

of their most

of appreciating their policies they any definite knowledge is popularly

phenomenon

or

adherents ideas, nor

a

are

large proportion

incapable

indeed have

The they are. of what explained by the phrase ''force

When to analyze come we of personality." find that it is in reality nothing more we

this phrase less than or

will-power or hypnotism. In this connection it is well to remember the reliable back from time to accounts which have been brought tists. time in regard to feats accomplished by Eastern hypnoMany of the performances given by the Oriental

fakirs

on the grounds positively inexplicable save that the adept had hypnotised an entire company taneously. simulTo take one example of a feat which has are

been performed so times in the presence of repumany table and intelligent witnesses, that it would be folly to deny its accomplishment The fakir, towards the close : of his experiments, produces a rope which he coils and then flings into the air. The rope remains suspended A invisible ring or hook. as if it had curled around an boy

rope assistant climbs up this magically suspended and when he reaches the top disappears into the air. Every to explain this remarkable attempt ment achieve-

by

failed absolutely. goes

at

accepted

As

far

as

our

of hand, etc., has present knowledge

the only explanation is that the fakir has succeeded

any

entire company

and rope fact.

juggling,slight

talking of

are

rate

in

a

merely

state of hypnosis,

suggestions

be can which in placing the

and that the boy and do not exist in

VII

CHAPTER TELEPATHY

TO

the

distance,

senses objective

distinct limitations.

horizon,

carry the voice,

nor

see

cannot

beyond

the

farther than

be heard

nor

We

space, interposes

or

the sound waves feel the thing that lies beyond physical

contact.

This

limitation does not

mind,

which

does

seem

not

to exist for the subjectiv

in itself recognize But the space.

the

physical obstacles of time and tive subjecis in less degree to the a or open greater mind influence of the consciousness, and the free sway of its is interfered with by the suggestion that space power

is

by We handicapped are adverse element. habitual attitude, and it is difficult to overcome an

our

the

belief that time and space have distinct limitations. it is fully understood However, that space when does not exist for the subconscious mind, there is nothing from exercising his power at any distance he may desire. It is only the lack of faith that true faith built upon knowledge which prevents to prevent

the operator

"

"

of impressions

the telepathic transmission

around

the

world. Hudson

declares that he has mesmerized a subjectat a distance of three hundred miles and under conditions suggestion impossible. which rendered oral or

objective

The

power

to

mesmerise

at

79

a

distance depends

solely

THE

8o

DUAL

the confidence

upon

justas

by

Marconi

the

telepathic messages

carry the wireless messages All that is necessary is

they

as

system.

and a proper sending station with faith and understanding and

operator

in tune

a

that is,

"

a

subject

to receive the message.

The

successful operator himself must condition in order to produce subjective Inasmuch as of thought transference. mind

be in

from

proceed The more

operator.

his consciousness

partially

it is the

tive subjec-

the suggestion

subjectivemind

completely

of

obliterates externals, the better Apart

theoretical conclusions.

in the

or

room

same

the

the operator

of surrounding

results he obtains. These are not mere trials made

the

a

the phenomena

of the percipient that is impressed,

must

from

rents subtle curjustas far

receiving

proper an

easily

The

of the operator.

of the ether carry and

MIND

adjoiningrooms,

in a certain case made half to three the subjectwas at a distance of one when hypnotised her. quarters of a mile from the man who twenty-one

were

experiments

Of these twenty-one as

failures

or

Mrs.

M.,

experiments only six partial failures. In fifteen was

in

found

a

were

recorded

cases

the subject, hypnosis

state of complete

fifteen minutes after the mental by the operator.

suggestion

was

made

of hypnosis at a distance, results are more easily obtained if the subjectis in the habit of being hypnotised by the operator. Where these conditions In the matter

are

present

the

suggestion

telepathically for hundreds arrangement.

There

is

no

has

of miles, question

even

been

conveyed

without

that the

pre-

subjective

TELEPATHY

8i'

mind can inhibit the activities of the objective mind at a distance when there has been previous hypnosis. Instances of hypnotism by letter or by means of the have

telephone

wanting distance

been

fairly

instances of hypnotic the

when

There

numerous.

are

sleep, superinduced

objectivemind

never

before

not at

a

had

fallen under

the spell of suggestion not conscious and was to be tried. was of the fact that an experiment It is clear that the will power to enforce necessary be exercised and even telepathic suggestion may vated. culti-

Some

persons

are

gifted

in that regard

and how

others seem unable to exert the power, no matter has explained justwhat hard they try. Nobody ever The compressed this will power is or how it is exerted.

lips, the corrugated brow and the fierce, even piratical by those who expression of the face sometimes assumed believe they are putting forth a mighty effort mental

is the farthest possible from

the attitude of the successful

operator. to be required. strain seems The operator himself must be in a passive condition, not are worried, but wholly confident that his suggestions

No

mental

or

nervous

going to reach their object. That the is distinct from the conmind sciousnes subjective where and is open to suggestion therefrom, is noof self-hypnosis. clearly proven than in cases Subjectswho have been hypnotised often are so into the state that often no suggestion is easily thrown more

from a second needed to hypnotise themselves

gazing

at

some

Men

party.

without

object,and

have

knowing

there

are

been

known

it,by steadily those

who

can

THE

"2

induce

DUAL

sleep at will by

MIND

suggestion

to

made

their

subconscious selves. Among the curious instances of self-hypnosis may mentioned

they as

were

own

be

structe inpractitioner who At his suggestion his patients in the power. enabled to induce the state at a given signal, the

case

a

of

for instance, by

medical

*'one,

counting

two,

and the hypnotic sleep would terminate in any manner he suggested. When

the

has

mind subjective

three, four,"

at any

control, the fully normal.

time and

subject,

He is be said to be cannot of course, from distracting outside influences. freed in a measure As in all other faculties and powers of the man, the personality yields to habit. By persistence

subjective

self acquire almost perfect control of himDaily practice should be resorted and of others. learns to fix his attention upon to, and littleby littleone in effort, one

any

can

desired thing,

image

to

image,

to respond

more

It must

beconies

not

the mind

"

ceases

to

from wander will be found

and the subjective mind faithfully with each success.

be

forgotten

that the

body

mind subjective

In weaker. ence indiffercases a kind of physical lethargy, or extreme is manifest when the man trains his personality to function on a higher plane. stronger

Yogis,

The

as

the

Mahatmas,

and

grows

Masters

in India voluntarily

and penances in order to cultivate tian their occult powers, as also did certain of the early Chrismartyrs and saints. As the eye of the flesh becomes dim the eye of the spirit sees more clearly. As physical resort

desires

are

to fasts

abandoned

there is

a

corresponding

growth

TELEPATHY in metaphysical inhabit another the

mere

West

so

world,

creature

The

The

vigor.

adepts of the East seem careless do they become

not

to

of

of this life.

comforts

does

83

understand

yet

than

more

the

surface of the mysticism of the East, but all the students of Oriental lore agree that the occult powers of degree. the adepts are developed in a wonderful No less a personage than Lord Roberts has declared mere

that during mysterious There was it is

the Indian

mutinies the natives in some learned all the English military plans. way for it,and no system of espionage to account

now

quite generally conceded Great Britian were learned through or

that the secrets some

form

of

athy of telep-

mind-reading.

It appears

is so trained that the subconscious mind that some experts throw themselves into of these Hindu a state of hypnosis of and are buried alive for a number

days to

and

normal

then

are

life. They

messages

distance, but

and there

from

taken

their coffins and

return

pathic able to send teleinfluence other minds for a great are

not

only

are

apparently well authenticated instances where, while the body is in a hypnotic trance, they projecttheir astral bodies for hundreds of miles able to materialize before unbelievers. be stated as an impressive and curious fact It may that telepathy is the normal method of communication and

are

between

minds, subjective

individuals do nothing

about

not

the

even

in the

realize it and

wonderful

may

the where in fact know

cases

philosophy

of

hidden

things. You

meet

a

man

or

a

woman

and the impression you

^4

DUAL

THE

form you

MIND

is largely, perhaps wholly, subconscious. have a feeling of hostility or whether

Whether you

are

attracted in a friendly way, depends upon the subconscious intercourse of your two personalities. There is a kind of spiritual introduction which takes place. Most

of

us

have

noticed that upon word being spoken,

perhaps without a secret bond of sympathy stranger

"

if we

as

ourselves

and

first meeting,

a

we

have

with and understanding had met an old friend. But we

habitually with that

reserve

such

a

felt

a

some surround

ventiona shell of con-

smother this glad cry found a congenial soul.

we

of the inner spirit at having We resist the friendly impulses As struggle to find expression.

confidences that lose the result, we

and a

meaning of these subconscious messages, and often we find that after months of daily companionship, seem we did in friend less than we to know a and understand that firsthour

his personality seemed of meeting when to be illumined by our subconsciousness. This language of the subconsciousness is mostly an tongue.

We

within ourselves. Yet the power

of

hear

a understand word live and die occasionally, but for the greater part we lies hidden without realizing what a wealth of power

unknown

thoroughly

established

and

telepathic as

any

communication force in nature.

is

as

The

is rarity of its manifestations that it requires exceptional conditions to bring its results

reason

of the apparent

Something of consciousness. of We the effects of the subconsciousness we feel always. It causes to us call it instinct, intuition, premonition. above

the threshold

TELEPATHY trust

one

of

unreasonably the monitor It may

friends, to shudder irritated with a third.

our

85 at another,

More

or

to

be

less it is

that suggests and controls all our actions. be taken for granted that telepathic communicatio be established between two may minds at

the will of either, and some times indeed without the will of either. The subconsciousness is the only method or

of telepathic communication. medium Society of Psychical Research has onstrated demThe London beyond all question that telepathy is a scientific fact, that the power is possessed by all,and that it

only

requires

apparent.

proper

conditions

for

it to

become

CHAPTER

VIII

TELEPATHIC

THE

conditions power

the

require

CONDITIONS

for the exercise of pathic teleThey only well understood.

necessary are

now

or subjective

condition partially subjective his perfect faith and confidence in

of the operator, and his power. The first is obtained by the simple rules the process as developed by Braid, as shown governing elsewhere,

and

The

the second

power

grows

by the suggestion A

comes

by of

pracwith successful tice. but may its use, be commanded an

expert.

of perfect receptivity on is desirable, as this creates

state

the part of the recipien favorable the most

for the reception of telepathic impressions. condition This passivity simply means a suspension of the activities It may mind for the time being. of the objective

te

a

of quiescence, which allows the subjective ligently to receive impressions and act upon them intelligence intelthat is, to interpret them. The

simple

mind "

state

objective

is thus held in abeyance. perfect is that in which all conditions, the most intelligence is for the time being the patient's objective

Of

entirely suspended, whether it be through sleep or in a It would seem state of trance. voyant reasonable that the clairis in the main telepathic. condition of the medium

Natural

course

is the most

perfect condition of passivity, but here the subconscious mind is not able sleep of

86

TELEPATHIC

CONDITIONS

its impressions

to convey

87

to the consciousness,

and

save

for confused dreams and vague ories and tantalizing memthere is generally nothing left of the message upon

awakening. Yet there

are

directly telepathic,

seem

which

and are following

The

instance of A young

awakening. clearly upon remembered is an admirable and well established telepathic dream.

a

relative of the writer, who lived in the West, arose one morning and said a

woman,

in the country to

dreams

some

her mother and sisters: ^T have justdreamed that L

to ask and that he rode over help make the preparations burial."

The

family laughed

's

to go

me

for

son

was

to the house

its laying

at her, for the

dead, and

out

and

boy had not

been

sick, and as this neighbor lived several miles away, the call for her to help would be entirely improbable. Yet within twenty minutes after she had told her

dream,

rode up to the house and said : ''Our boy died in bed last night. We accannot count for it,as he had not been sick. We would like to L

"

have you help All this was was

no

us

telegraph

have been

no

true

reason

even or

or

telephone.

In this

case

there could to have

for the young woman in an communication ordinary

possible way

received the Yet she dreamed be

for the burial." arrangements make in a section of the country where there

manner.

it and told her dream,

in detail.

desire for fraud.

There

None

which proved to possible could be no of the family believed

in spiritualism, but the fact of the dream

was

witnessed

THE

88

DUAL

MIND

by the mother and the two sisters of the young woman, and is as finally established as anything can be on the foundation

of human

Before

testimony.

the girl awoke,

the act of waking, out from home with her

mother,

or

in she was justbeen setting for her. The agonized

probably the neighbor had the message

mind objective

when

being

in abeyance

for

the time being, had to

craved. sent

It

been able to send the message consciou subfriendship was the girl friend, whose a

was

telepathic message,

pure

and simple, it force and clearness,

circumstances which gave and received and interpreted instantly.

under

In this

case

there

was

no

conscious effort either upon the part of the sender or receiver. When there is conscious to be effort, or the telepathic conditions are created artifically,it is necessary that the transmitter of

first having as far as the message, mind from externalities, concentrate keep it upon any particular thought

possible freed his his attention and impression that or

he wishes to convey to the recipient. No special mental effort is needed for this. In fact, if the operator ''tries" too

hard

he defeats his

strain, but

own

There

purpose.

must

be

of his and steady concentration he wishes to convey, with the mind upon the message faith that it will be transmitted to the mind of the no

recipient. The success

a

calm

^

of thought

transference

the vividness with which the operator ''A thought is thought in his mind.

depends

upon

picture the thing," is one

can a

of the catchwords of the new philosophy, and it seems it It passes where to be true in respect to telepathy.

CONDITIONS

TELEPATHIC

is sent

as

of the Indian archer. a

the

as

unerringly

89 the bow

speeds from

arrow

of the receiver is in ably inevitof the message

If the mind

receptive condition, something

above the threshold of consciousness though its force and clearness depend upon the condition of the comes

recipient.

do

Why He

suddenly

you

think

is thinking

Why of you. that her child is in trouble or sudden illuminated smile come some

of does

dim

message

from

an

friend?

absent

know

the mother

danger?

Why

does the

face when penetrates his

to the lover's

the loved

one

inner consciousness ? The air is full of messages. mind of a writer is leaping out to the reader, who get the thought Experiments

be made

The will

before he receives the communication. in thought transference or telepathy

has sufficient leisure and Practice patience to observe the necessary precautions. but to receive not only to send messages, enables one The basis upon them. all these experiments which may

by any

one

who

should rest is a knowledge of the relation which exists between If we the objective and subjective minds. have seen before, a mental picture think of a thing we Indeed, we think in pictures. The of it is presented. in itself is an image, or a spoken word "Mountain" does not suggest that merely symbol. in eight letters of the alphabet have been assembled certain form, but it suggests towering peaks, verdure written

or

clad, precipitous,

or

is the image snow-capped, whatever have seen oftenest and loved best.

we of the mountain ''Mary" does not suggest first that particular

a

woman's

Mary

we

name.

have

It suggests

known

best

90

THE

and loved most,

and then if the word

mind

travels

of

mother a

we

DUAL

through

Jesus,the

MIND

all the

stays with

range

Magdalene,

the

Marys

of

our

the

"

of Scotts all the Marys

Queen

in which

series of pictures, a panorama have known or read about

us

appear

before

"

our

minds

in costume

and character. It is this image which

the sender

of the telepathic

has in his mind communication and projectsto the be received or interpreted cornot rectly, receiver. It may but somehow, the message goes, surely and

quickly. William

has found in his personal of London, that he can send a telepathic message

T. Stead

experiments best by writing it. whom

he

will. Mr.

can

He

has

communicate,

friends

numerous

with

perfect clearness at

Stead

with whom London.

tells recently of a young he was lunch on to have

She

with

friend

woman a

certain day

at

in the country Haselmere, near at he told her not a letter in which the time, and he wrote He did not send to forget their luncheon engagement. this letter. image

more

was

He

wrote merely clearly in his mind.

it, and

thus

fixed the

before the note, somehe sat in meditation thing impelled him to take up his pen and write the

While

answer.

"I

am

\ sorry, but 1 cannot

come

to London

on

Tuesday,"

in the message woman which he said the young 'T have been ill,"she went on. was writing to himself. down 'T was on the train as I came attacked by a man here.

I

was

forced to fight to defend myself.

I took

CONDITIONS

TELEPATHIC

91

his head before he ran his umbrella and broke it over He left the umbrella and I brought it here with away. I will see you on Friday." me. The

next

day Stead received

in which

woman

letter from

the young herself for missing her a

she excused engagement and notified him of her intention of coming She did not mention the incident of Friday. to town her

struggle

with

the

man

the

on

train,

nor

of the

Mr.

Stead

broken

umbrella. his guest When

on

came

Friday,

remarked : ''Did you bring the umbrella?" ''What do you mean?" she asked. "The one you broke when you had

the struggle

on

the train," said he. "Yes," she said, the puzzled look on her face deepening. "I brought it up to have it fixed. But how did you not

know meant

about it?

I have

not

told anybody.

I had

to tellabout it."

further explanations, Mr. Stead learned that her own, instead of belonging to the the umbrella was There was man this much who attacked her. of error Upon

in the message. It is true that Mr.

Stead

is inclined to

spiritism, and that he thinks some he receives come from the dead, given

above

seems

to be

a

case

believe in

of the messages but the incident

of telepathy

pure

and

simple.

The not

mean

did woman strangest part of it is that the young to tell him of the trouble she had in her compartment in the train.

But

she felt the message

that he

DUAL

THE

92

telepathed to her.

Her

informed subconscious mind to break the engagement they

him

that she would have had, and in her desire to

MIND

excuse

herself she wished for her absentness

that

explain the reason and Stead in London received the word she longed to send but thought it wiser not to tell him. Mr. Stead, however, has been devoting himself for

she Mr.

could

years to the study of the inner forces of the mind.

many

No

man

And single lesson. be a development there must

learn these things at

can

in addition to the knowledge of the power by constant,

a

intelligent practice.

has cultivated the ability to hold on to a mental objector image with such concentration that it is not driven away and dispossessed by other thoughts. The

He

image so

that he

that it may

dwells

be

upon

becomes

the mental

projectedupon

He who cannot hold others. it at will cannot produce

sufficiently dense

to

on

a

sphere

thought

of

and

control

its reflection upon

the

minds of others. Most therefore, not psychological experirnents fail, because they are impossible, but because of the weakness To convey a telepathic message of the operator. from the attention must be fixed. If the mind wanders

ijmage^to image,

definite enough

becomes by the

one

Under are

as

from

and

the proper as

are

to thought,

to be received

the thought

to whom

powerful to his

thought

and

nothing interpreted^

is sent.

conditions, telepathic suggestions notist the oral suggestions of the hyp-

subject.

of telepathic power is not to be explained learn something The student may entirely in words. The

secret

CONDITIONS

TELEPATHIC

93

only

favorable conditions, and then it is producing by continued experiment that he can reach efficiency. There be perfect concentration, but it must

must

be of

about

must

passive kind, and be learned by the

tion shade of distincin actual tests operator If there is strenuous effort,

a

himself and others. In the result is marred. upon

one

justthat

case,

too

much

concentration

hysteria, upon the part of the recipient, highly strung a was woman. somewhat who young The image by the operator reached her with projected no such force that she could not receive it. There was that she could translate, but the force of the message produced

threw

suggestion upon

The

her into

a

ing condition border-

nervous

convulsions. strong,

persistent, prolonged

thought,

dwelt

repeated at rhythmical intervals almost is the one to the point of monotony, that defines itself, takes form and substance, as it were, and reaches its

upon

steadily

the greatest

objectwith Any

distinctness.

distraction that interferes for

destroy or

a

moment

with

to be isolated, seems to makes it cease its force. The concentration idea, one upon

the thought,

image

or

or

message

must

be like that of the burning glass

rays and throws them upon gathers up the sun's for a If it is moved, if it even one wavers tiny spot. the cumulative moment effect is lost. Or the image

which

be

as only the mind of regarded photographic, the recipient is like a plate that requires a time exposure is for development. If the image moves, the message It is only upon blurred and worthless. rare occasion

may

when

the

mind

is

on

edge

that

the message

comes

THE

94

DUAL

MIND

like flashlight and prints itselfindelibly upon plate of the subconscious mind. Transmission of telepathic impressions

may

the sensitive

be aided If he

by the voluntary self-absorption of the subject. distracting listens thoughts and shuts out all mentally his chance increased.

to

All people

clearly is greatly

receive the message have

the telepathic power,

and

some

are

able to send the messages They do this unconsciously, subconsciously,

at

times

without previous training. be better to say, or it might is the mind when

objective

partially paralyzed by fear, grief, or intense longing. There have been thousands sent in of such messages death, and the times of deep trouble or approaching

loved

one

in

a

distant land, it may

with

the suddenness

very

simple

and

pressio be, receives the imforce of an electric

shock.

Some

experiments to prove how

may

be tried by the

common this power student of telepathy The experiment is and how easily it may be exercised. of the playing cards has been tried often, and usually

with success. Let the operator

In order to shut kid glove may be folded

be blindfolded.

of light, a A over the eyes and held in place by a handkerchief. inxwhich the operator joins, everybody circle is formed holding hands as the children do when they play games. out

every

glimmer

from a pack of ordinary card at random playing cards, being careful that no other card is exposed. Place the card in plain sight of all except the operator, and let them fix their minds upon the card and

Select

a

CONDITIONS

TELEPATHIC it intently while

at

gaze

they

wait

95

in silence for the

result.

The

operator

perfectly passive and He should not tranquil, trying not to think of anything. He try to strain his mind in order to think of the card. simply remains calm, waiting for a vision to appear.

He

begins to

soon

darkness.

to

see

remain

indistinct

objectsfloating

in the

change rapidly, and at first may definite form, but soon, if the operator

These

refuse to take remains

should

may

quiet and

the assistants in the circle continue

steadily at the card, these visions will assume the symbolic form that will enable him to name

gaze

some

card. The

is fond of allegory. It speaks be interpreted must often its message

mind subjective

in pictures and when it reaches the threshold of consciousness. In one a the operator saw single heart experiment floating in the darkness

spot

like

a

card, and he ventured

to

unattached to

correct. which was Another boy time, a young deuce of diamonds was placed

the

name

was on

ace

anything of hearts,

blindfolded and the the table in the center

small circle. After two or three minutes waiting ness saw the card in a round frame with perfect distinctand called it positively. He mistook the number that it was the six of spades, but knew of spots on Another blindfolded, spades. member of the circle, when

of he

a

could and

he

was

see

the card, but it

unable to guess

of spots. is known What

as

was

perfectly blank,

at the color

or

''taste transmission"

the number

often yields

DUAL

THE

96

interesting results when sugar,

salt, pepper,

MIND Pieces of placed in the

tried telepathically.

mustard,

etc.,

are

folded, of the projector, and the recipient, who is blindis is able to taste the same objects. So vivid in this way the the sensation conveyed that sometimes mouth

blindfolded destroy

to a

is obliged to rinse the mouth with water The taste. the unpleasant transmission of one

act, is mechanical the best results are

simple act of will, that is, a purely

sometimes

easily performed, and obtained if the patient is kept in absolute what is being done.

One

of the essential conditions is the partial

suspension

of the

consciousness, objective

complete this suspension is, the will be the success of the experiment. more

ignorance

more

or

of

complete

and

the

pronounced

CHAPTER MIND

IX READING

of the simplest phases of psychic phenomena, "mind reading" is alHed both to hypnotism and In the ordinary demonstrations, telepathy. the where

AS mind

of and

an

one

reader finds hidden assistant, there is the faculty may

by objects

holding the fingers

great difficulty or

no

be developed

a

with

mystery, very

little

practice. The assistant knows

the hidden objectis, he where his mind concentrates upon its direction and location, consciousness paswhile the operator, rendering his own sive

possible, receives the impression and leads the Actual to the spot where the article is concealed.

as

way

physical contact is usual in these demonstrations, it is not necessary.

though

Public exhibitions by professional mind readers have been so numerous during the last dozen years that nearly is familiar with

the methods used and the ''fake" results attained, and while there have been many demonstrations, the truth of mind reading as a psychic

everybody

Even principle is too well established tO' need proving. fakers have a scientific foundation for their the worst

feats.

They

resort

to

fraud because

the effects they obtain to

because they want the mental reading

and

to relieve the nervous

systems

causes.

97

a

they

want

to

sensational degree,

undoubted which

crease inor

strain upon

genuine

mind

THE

98

To

the

mystery,

DUAL

MIND

public, mind

reading to the student it

and

seems

be

to

seems a

most

a

great

difficult

A

littlepractice will show the student, however, that the simpler feats may be learned without difficulty, and if one has a sensitive nature one can acquirement.

become

expert

It may

with

reasonable

be said at the outset

practice. that mind

accomplishment of the subjective mind. of hypnotism, because the operator is under

reading It is a

is

an

form

the influence

By practice or by natural psychic suggestion. he is able to place himself in a mild hypnotic endowment state, a kind of a trance-like condition in which his

of auto

mind objective

is partially suppressed

to receive impressions

from

the

and he is thus able mind of his

subjective

assistant and translate them into action. It differs from the usual telepathic demonstrations only in the fact that the message

comes

mainly

by the efforts of the receiver,

and the sender is only an aid, rather than a principal. in The card reading and kindred feats mentioned another part of this book under "Telepathy," sometimes Indeed, the mind reading demonstrations. is too indefinite to be line between the two

are

pure dividing

drawn,

clearly nature

of

man's

both mind

being which

phenomena we

hope

of now

that

dual

is familiar

to the reader.

The

firstthing necessary is for the student to get an he is in sympathy, assistant with whom will be who inclined to make a nor neither frightened nor nervous,

is inherent, Real sympathy experiment. be obtained with a better results may and sometimes a comparative you have known stranger than with one

joke of

the

MIND

lifetime. The

laws

READING

99 are

of sympathy

not

stood. well underThey have been called ''similarity of etheric "spiritual vibrations," ''equal phases of development," rapport," and other vague things, but the fact is that we do

know

not as

man

a

justwhy

kindred

instinctively recognize

we

never

soul, and

toward another man. antagonism It is clear that there is harmony minds

vibration is perhaps one

person

of music,

we

and

reasonable as in tune, like two

with

positive antagonism. Some authorities believe an be created between people who to

one

another

by "rhythmic

but for the beginner

mind

harmonious

artificialsympathy are

not

breathing,"

In

discord

at

it is better to have

is naturally sympathetic.

the

other.

any

are

we

another

spirit of

tive subjec-

the theory

and

as

are

a

between

natures,

of sympathetic

over

get

one

of With notes

if not

may

actually opposed or

an

other

means,

assistant who

later phase

of the ments, experiwhen the student has learned to control his own and place himself at will in an attitude of complete a

receptivity, so littleassistance is needed that almost any for the purpose, as indeed it is entirely one will answer

lective possible for him to read the mind of an audience coland do without any direct assistant. The experiment be of the very simplest at first may character.

It is

a

plan to have the student carefully then he should close his eyes and

good

blindfolded, and banish from his mind all positive thoughts. Suppose he stands in the middle of a room

in semi-darkness. on

the other.

The

There

is a piano

student

grasps

on

one

which

is

side, a sofa the fingers of his

THE

100

assistant. He forehead, own

MIND

the assistant's fingers to his The the hands may swing naturally.

may or

DUAL touch

is not important, as only by experiment be can method found the better way in each particular case. The assistant then selects the piano for instance as the

point. objective

He

looks in the direction of the

He

to the student, mentries to communicate tally, his desire that they move The toward the piano. He must not strive. student himself must wait until he gets an impression from the other. If he makes a

piano.

conscious effort to form an mind he is merely guessing.

impression

from

his

own

Presently, if the student is patient and receptive, he He should set his foot will feel the impulse to move. forward carefully and slowly, and then wait. He may

feel like turning forward.

to the right,

Whatever

or

the impulse

it,but should act accordingly. hurry matters he may become or subtle connection In conducting

the left, or

like going

is,he should not resist But if he tries to force

confused and lose the which directs him.

of thought these initial experiments,

the student as "muscular

should be careful to avoid what is known This is the slight twitching of the muscles suggestion." some of the assistant by which co-called mind-

able to get a "lead" toward the desired goal. It should not be\confused reading proper, with mind from the operator's own the suggestion comes where between if there is actual contact or, mind

readers

are

subjective

the operator

and

his assistant, from

the assistant's own

mind. subjective

In

some

instances, where

the student

is psychic and

READING

MIND

loi

his mind assistant is able to concentrate instantly which way to thought, he may know the

toward come

the piano like to him

or a

the sofa. flash. But

The

move

"

may

suggestion

in ordinary

his

on

it is

cases

step, and clear. He feels the impulse to take one Gradually he turns then he waits for the next impulse. not

toward

the piano.

At

firsthe may

direction. As he in the wrong his assistant, he becomes more forward

moves

two

sure

moving the goal, leading of himself and

rapidjy.

It will be found

merely

nears

been

have

courses

in ordinary

where there are of action to choose from, that the cases,

student will be able to select the right one After a while he rarely makes of three. The progress of the student now is a

two a

times out

mistake.

of The is a matter ment. practice. of developpsychic sense The student learns to control himself, to receive

the suggestion,

as

much

day,

expect any

more

matter

learn any

other art the initial principal, he

or

is mastered He expert by continued application. to become an expert mind reader in a an than he could expect to become

Having science. able to become an cannot

he would

mere

expert billiard player his hand.

the first time

he

takes

a

cue

in

If the firstexperiment fails entirely, as it sometimes does, repeated trials will show where the fault lies. It be that the student is unable to dismiss externalimay ties from

be that the assistant is His thoughts may unable to think clearly of the piano. from piano to sofa in the case suggested, in which waver his mind.

instance, of

course,

Or

it may

the student would

be helpless.

His

DUAL

THE

102

mind

veer

would

whirlwind. In case

does not

around

MIND like

sure

a

that the fault

be wise to choose try three or four friends

assistant. He might members of his family, until he finds the he

whom

in

weather-vane

the student is reasonably lie with himself, he would

another or

a

obtain the best results.

can

Having

one

with become

the piano, he can add a ing so that instead of havtable, a chair, and other objects, to choose between two pieces of furniture he will have to choose between four or five.

able to select either the sofa

or

bear in mind that a sense the assistant must of direction is important, because the student must necessarily if he wishes to go to a certain piece of furniture move Now

in

a

certain part of the

room.

It is not

sufficient

for the student to think of a chair, a sofa, or a piano, be. The blindfolded student needs to as the case may in a cerhis inertia by the suggestion to move overcome tain he is If he starts the wrong direction. as way, extremely

keep

must must

come

in the first step, the assistant, "no, that is wrong; you mentally, do

liable to saying, this way."

If the thought

is distinct enough

in the mind of the assistant the student is certain to in uncertainty feel it, and while he may group around for a minute or two he will at last go straight toward his goal. \ The are

One

no man

details must two

cases

will

blind person, place thought

move

There again be left to experience. in which readers work alike. mind with the careful deliberation of a

while another will literally of by the assistant.

run

to

the

MIND The

READING

103

be gradually enlarged scope of the experiments may as the student becomes profficient. He may learn

to select

a

turn

to

may

find

a

certain volume certain page

a

or

pencil hidden

from

the library,

or

even

to

He

passage in that volume. in a vase on the mantel.

He

safe to which the assistant knows the combination, do any other weird thing which would be or totally impossible for him to accomplish unaided. In the course of time it will be easy for the student may

a

open

of the ordinary feats of the professional he mnnd reader, but he probably will find that when acts in the parlor for the undertakes to perform the same to perform

any

entertainment of a crowd of his friends, that his success He will fail, perhaps, in a certain will be uncertain.

of the experiments. The reason of this is that the presence of an audience It distracts his attention, the student nervous. makes and he is unable to place himself in the proper condition percentage

to receive the message.

He

is self-conscious, and

Also

the assistant is confused. spends his time thinking of

doing and saying instead of what the spectators are fixing his mind on the municate objector idea he wishes to comto the student.

Here,

as

in the initialstages of the experiments,

practice

is the only thing necessary to achieve the desired results. After a time both student and operator learn to ignore the crowd and to carry on their experiments as

if they

were

alone.

In

some

cases,

indeed,

the

presence of an audience is an aid to the mind reader. It heightens his susceptibilitiesand increases his nervous There have been some fairly expert mind tension.

THE

104

MIND

DUAL

could not work satisfactorily unless they readers who had the inspiration of an audience. It is well, too, as the experiments advance and the learns to

student now

and learn to depend train his

own

a

upon

if he chooses

entertainment

from

that he change tants assisadvisable for him to

He should so single helper. faculties that he is able to receive suggestions source, any almost and in giving an

from evening's

his power, It is not then. use

the audience,

and

then

an

assistant at random

chooses

another

and

he greatly another during the course of the program, increases the effectiveness of his own work and removes

the possibilityof collusion. It has been said that the repeated surrender of the tionable, consciousness to the suggestion of the assistant is a ques-

if not

dangerous,

pointed out that some injuredby the nervous

mind

practice, and it has been readers have been seriously

strain to which

they

subjected

themselves.

If too

does not take himself student, however, to suffer any seriously, he will not need particular harm from developing this faculty. There is the

nothing

weird

or

ghostly about it,and it is a good

to explain to the assistant

well

as

the audience, where

superclaim to the natural is conducted under The experiment esting simple, natural law, and while it may be highly interit. there is no use in becoming morbid over

public exhibitions is made, a

as

thing

There

is

a

are

given, that

no

x

phase of mind reading, which sometimes is called intuition, which is of the highest value in the possess it in a high practical affairs of life. Some men

MIND

READING

105

degree, unconsciously,

train themselves to and all may less extent in the exercise of this faculty. a greater or Reference is now made to that abilityto estimate human nature

and

human

motives

which

literally from

comes

we the power of reading the mind of those with whom in contact. To know is come our companion when trying to deceive us, to know a lie is being told, when

tb know

to trust and when when knowledge is of value always. There are some men who seem

however

cleverly it may

specious circumstances. The minds them.

not

to

trust

able to detect be told and bolstered up It is almost

impossible

this

"

a

lie,

with ceive to de-

as well as of their opponents their friends are oftimes open books which they successfully read at v/ill. It is probable that much of the

is based upon

science of phsysiognomy recognition. While some

this subconscious

are

natural students and readers of character, this faculty may also be developed, and if the

find student will hearken to his intuitions he will soon that he is able to detect unerringly the falseness of a situation which might impose upon his logic or deceive his

The

senses.

is well to heed.

mind subjective

No

matter

what

is

a

which

monitor the lips may

it

say, the

the man who subconsciousness tells the truth, and even is unable to deceive deceives himself by specious argument his own soul. Even

in the normal

subtle thought-waves to

another,

their

and

operation

which

some

are

pass from

one

are

as

forms

human

distinct and The woman telegraphy.

which as

state, there

of being

certain in knows

THE

io6

when

DUAL

MIND

she is beloved without requiring The of her lover be put in words.

from

enemy

William

a

friend.

less

man

knows

authority than declares that thoughts and images

Crookes

transferred

No

tion that the devo-

from

one

to

mind

an

another

without

an

Sir are

the

the

organs recognized of sense. the human enter may mind without being in any of the hitherto known or communicated recognized agency

of Knowledge

any

of

ways.

Sir William

is not

an

occultist, but

scientist, and his interest in mind kindred branch, telepathy, is that of

a

recognized

reading, honest an

and its gator investi-

he for the phenomena seeks to find a reason He believes the method of communication is physical and material, and in pointing out the probable investigation should take to the Royal course who discovers.

Society, he

'T

will therefore confine myself to tion pointing out the direction in which scientificinvestigalegitimately advance." can says:

betakes place tween communication two minds without the intervention of words or he the '^agency of the recognized organs of sense," have two says that we physical facts ''the physical When

this sort

of

"

in the brain of A. the suggester, and the analagous physical change in the brain of B. the recipient of Between the suggestion. these two physical events change

there must

Whenever

train of natural causes. sequence of intermediate

exist

a

begins causes the connecting to be revealed, the inquiry will then come within the range of one of the sections of the British association.

Such

a

sequence

can

only

occur

through

an

intervening

MIND

READING

107

All the phenomena of the universe are presumably in some way continuous, and it is unscientific to call in the aid of mysterious agencies, when with it is shown that ether every fresh advance in knowledge medium.

vibrations have powers and attributes abundantly equal to every demand" even the transmission of thought." This

field for scientificinquiry, and tion the earnest student, who desires to carry his investigainto a realm higher of mind reading phenomena opens

up

a

vast

than that of mere tricks for the amusement worthy of his friends, will find a cause

or

entertainment est of his high-

It is true, perhaps, that no field of scientific endeavor. inquiry offers so much promise to the investigator as

this. In

to a partially scientificanswer effort to make the problem which he presented to the British Royal society. Sir William Crookes entered the domain of the an

physiologist and

how

explained

the etheric vibrations

naturally pass without actual physical contact of the difference in the cells, and he touches upon

might the

location of the cells during sleep and during the normal well proven condition which bears directly upon our own "It is suptheory of the action of the mind. posed

subjective

physiologists," continues Sir William, do not actually touch, *'that the essential cells of nerves

by

some

separated by sleep, while it narrows

but

are

a

narrow

almost

widens during to extinction during mental

gap, which

activity. This condition is so singularly like that has led a device which coherer of a Branly or Lodge Marconi to the discovery of wireless telegraphy, as to "

suggest

a

further analogy.

The

structure

of brain and

THE

io8

DUAL

MIND

being similar, it is conceivable

nerve

that there may

be

of such nerve coherers in the brain whose special function it may be to receive impressions brought from without through the connecting sequence present,

masses

of ether

waves

of appropriate order of magnitude. ''Roentgen," he continues, ''has familiarized us with

an

order of vibrations of extreme

with been

the smallest

minuteness compared have hitherto we which

waves

with of dimensions

acquainted, and the distance between the centers

the material universe is built up. have here for believing that we

frequency.

It is known

comparable

with

of the atoms of which And there is no reason

the limit of that the action of thought is

reached

by certain molecular movements of the accompanied brain, and here we have physical vibrations capable from vidual their extreme minuteness of acting direct upon the indithat molecules, while their rapidity approaches of the internal and external movements of the atoms themselves." These

while they are only suggestions of the great scientist and he is careful to explain that estimab they are not offered as fixed conclusions ^are of insuggestions,

"

value to the student. idea that the act of thinking

produces a distinct of the brain cells is so consistent molecular movement of psychic vibrations as to be with all known tjieories it follows, if these And question. accepted without

The

vibrations in the brain cells set the ethereal

words

waves

would

are

of sufficient force to

into motion, communication

be the most

without in natural phenomena

MIND for every

the world,

READING brain that

109 was

sensitive enough

record these etheric waves would get the the that was sent out by the brain in which

to catch and

message

born. original thought was image which Thus the mind creates, every, every into the brain with force and clearthought which comes ness would set up a disturbance in the ether, like that The waves of a pebble which is dropped into a pool.

not

of infinite smallness and perceived by the physical

not

less real

the

waves

are

nor

less powerful

which

so

delicate that they

are

yet they

are

senses

and

in their

own

ride the surface of the

wind blows a gale. There are many curious proofs its undefined exerts which

realm sea

when

of this psychic influence upon

than

the

ment elethe

inIt has been noticed often, for stance, in case jury,locked up to consider some

action of mankind.

that

a

which the public mind is influenced in some

is stirred to the point of hysteria, by the sentiment of subtle way

their fellows, with whom they have no communication. A certain conviction that the man is guilty and should be punished, or that he is innocent and should be set free, gets "into the air" somehow, and without reading the hearing the arguments or newspapers of the streets or

in the homes,

this sentiment of the public passes through the walls of the jury room and the ''twelve good men and true" yield to it without being conscious of what has influenced them. The

future holds much to the student. of promise Science has come to recognize the unknown world as

THE

no

the things

real, and toys

our

of

DUAL

which,

present

MIND like mind

generation

reading, are the the found prowill become

realitiesof the next. Having admitted that mind reading between minds may that communication as

Prof. Crookes

says, in ''ways

now

set themselves

scientistswill

is

a

reality "

be carried

on

hitherto unknown," to discover the secrets "

Sooner or later the great law of this communication. investigations will be found, and every student whose carry him a step in advance of what is written in the books

text

becomes

benefactor

a

of the future lies but

unseen no

To

mind

race.

will be in the world

almost unfelt about uS' less material forces which inspire men

and

to thought

them

of his

most

reading

"

and

absorbing.

coveries dis-

which now the invisible

and impel

action.

students, the and

The

phenomena of thought transference will be ciently suffipart imTo them we more would once elementary

word of caution in reference to not carrying their investigations to the point of weariness and morbidity. The experiments fascinating to some are so minds that the student broods upon them at all times and continues a

them

to the point of weariness.

If it is found feats of mind nerve

that the effort to perform even reading results in brain fag or

strain, it should

only resumed

be

after the mind

discontinued

at

once

is perfectly at rest.

simple severe

and There

off the results of this strain, and these should be cultivated. The rule works both ways. The student who has power to place himself in a state of

are

ways

of throwing

receptive abstraction at will, should also have the power

READING

MIND to

iii

is the experiment off this abstraction when Uttle exercise is advisable. A walk in the

throw

over.

A

open

air, or

deep breathing by

an

for two window cases sufficient in most open

three minutes will be found to clear the brain and restore the student or

of normal So powerful

a

tion condi-

objectivity.

is the principle of suggestion that it is largely influenced by likely the experimenter

seems

his audience.

feats that

If he performs

spectators to be sensational

or

react of awe and mystery finished his demonstration

upon

the

to

strain by

uncanny,

their

the

to

seem

sense

own

and after he has it is wise for him to relieve joke and a hearty laugh

a

him,

wholesome which shows his friends that while in a weird realm for a few minutes

have been he may back to he is now

earth again. If the student finds himself unusually proficient in mind reading and has an inclination that way, he may turn his talents toward the lecture platform or vaudeville stage, where

unusual

entertainers who can ring feats of mind reading. The to the mysterious to

things

see

explain. It is on resort

to

becomes

have

performed

tricks to

some

new

secure

which

course, a

more

irresistible,and for a public career

almost

natural

and experiments

are

to

open

changes

on

those

the old

public is inevitably attracted

will pay

the stage, of

to fit himself to

and

rewards

out

money

they

are

at any not

time

able to

that the temptation

dramatic

to

impression

if the student expects he will not only have

his studies pursue aptitude but must far beyond the lines here outlined. The

THE

112

stock

ordinary

DUAL

MIND

tricks of the mind

sufficient to entertain

a

reader

modern

will not be There must

audience. be some Eva Fay, which specialty, like that of Anna nobody else can do so well, in order for it to be worth while for the student to seek professional rewards. However, while

worth

possessed

sake will be found Mind student. reading is

for its own

experiment

to the ordinary

fascinations, and

of unusual

the

of successful

sense

after the student has passed stages, will be found reward enough

accomplishment, preliminary

the

for

the slight effort necessary to procure results. A word or two in conclusion concerning the "fake"

feats alluded to previously, may These not be amiss. range from the simplest to the most complex, and some to be ''fakes," have not yet been exposed, of them, known cleverly are they managed. familiar performance of the mind

so

The

the confederate

reader

on

the

the audience and selects various articles to be described by the mind reader, is simplicity itself,if it is desired to introduce stage while

a

fake

act.

The

Familiar

answer.

form

through

goes

of the

things

are

suggests

question taken,

carefully rehearsed and studied. that it embraces a wide range of

and

the

be

It may

the

code is large so

objects.

is this, madame?" mean may is this?" may "Madame, what

''What

and Without

a mean

red necktie, hat pin. a

noting the various variations in the different inflections, the clever

the audience

the wordings

and be able to tellthe alleged mind reader confederate may justwhat he has in his hand as plainly as if he said in so many words, "this is a lead pencil."

MIND As

we

feats

are

READING

said before, however,

113

of these fraudulent the mind reader fatigue most

added either to save Many or to increase the effectiveness of the act. of the are case performances genuine, and in nearly every there is genuine ability back of it. The student may himself easily that mind convince reading is a true science, and that it may be acquired with slight practice, so

far

as

its rudimentary

principles

are

concerned.

CHAPTER

X

PHANTASMS

speaking the initiative outside of its own

GENERALLY

has

no

It carries

on

mind subjective realm.

its own

functions intelHgently and arises to the occasion, itself to unusual adapting conditions as best it can. But when itbecomes the agent of the directing objective for a certain purpose, it does what it is told, and no It is an envoy more. entrusted with certain powers, and

it does not It would

be

in conveying especially in more

outside of its sealed instructions. manifestly impossible for the agent

go

on a given telepathic message subject, a case thing of deferred percipience, to do anyThe delivery of than convey the message. a

the message concludes the is concerned. When agent

transaction the

so

far

communication

the

as

rises

above the threshold of the consciousness of the precipient and he begins to ask questions foreign to the subject is to one no answer. of the message, there The

ghost

Hamlet

which

cellus, and

king had a message to of the murdered it could not deliver to Horatio and Mar-

to Hamlet

himself the message

reference to the murder. ''But that I To

tell the secrets

of my

am

was

only

in

forbid prison house

I could a tale unfold." Aside from the specific purpose of the telepathic vision, is no longer en rapport with the percipient. the phantom 114

PHANTASMS A a

is in

telepathic communication

telegram

where

chooses

on

any

a

limited

as

way

The

the sender has disappeared.

receives the message

who

115 as

one

ask all the questions he but he gets no reply because the may

subject,

plished, original sender is out of reach. Its objectbeing accomdisappears forever. the phantom

to be seems salient characteristic, which portanc interest and imuniversal and to possess the utmost in determining the true source tasm, of the phan-

Another

is that it possesses

is to say, one

idea

a

ghost

or

never

no

was

they manifest

which it follows with the greatest In else. utterly ignores everything

ghosts have perfect intelligence

their visit, but pay not Even kindred other.

to any

than

purpose,

pertinacity, but instances where rare

concerns

That

general intelligence. known to possess more

been conversed on

the

one

with,

that subject

the slightest attention

beyond

seem subjects

grasp of the ghostly mind. These characteristics pertain to every

form

the

and phase

senses. of the visions which are tangible to the objective hallucinations are governed by different laws Subjective

and

are

not

taken into account

in this connection.

It might be possible, if both the agent and percipient in the proper mental condition at the same were time, for them to hold a general conversation. In this case, the question

of the apparition

would

referred to the original, and the back telepathically. This, however,

come

contravention

the

asked

of the rule in regard

and subjective,

where

there

are

no

be immediately

answer

would be no

would to the limitations of

authenticated these favorable conditions have occurred.

cases

DUAL

THE

ii6

In all reported

MIND

the agent telepaths the message, and the agent takes cognizance of it by means of clairaudience, or by seeing a vision which illustratesit,and cases

The message is a thought of the that ends the matter. into the consciousness of the percipient agent projected through the medium of his mind.

subjective

The vision is the embodiment of an idea or a thought, and it is endowed with the intelligence pertaining to Hence the astonishing that one thought and no more. limitation of the intelligence of ghosts. The ghost is generally clothed, and it is probable that are these garments put upon it by the subconsciousness of the percipient.

In ordinary

the garments

circumstances

those with which the one who sees the vision is familiar. If the ghost of a deceased person should appear in a winding sheet it would be because the percipient are

has that ghastly garment in his mind in connection with the death of the agent. Another limitations of the one of the well known an air of profound sadness. ghost is that it always wears Nobody heard of a humorous ever ghost, and in the very nature of the thing such an occurrence would be

well nigh impossible. There is nothing deep enough to create an emotion

/

projecta

form.

The

circumstances "

"

thought

under which the apparition and desires which give rise

is produced the emotions to it are necessarily of such a

in laughter to

a

character

as

to

project

profoundly sad thought. The phantom never changes its attitude or sentiment, but goes on its predetermined line of action.

PHANTASMS

117

regardless of its surroundings, and utterly oblivious to be done or said to divert it. anything which may if you will permit, the expresThe lifeof the ghost, sion "

is in

itself limited.

Those

apparitions which possess the greatest longevity, that is, which persist in "

appearing

the same and reappearing under locality, are the and in the same

impressions It

of those

is true

that

who

have

many

of

stances, circum-

subjective

died violent deaths. the best authenticated

those of people who have died at a good old age and in due course of nature, and there is nothing to distinguish one class of apparitions from another,

ghosts

are

but it is true that those who

have

death by violence have died naturally. met

those who greatly outnumber in a general way, so far as may And be known, those die naturally, and who afterward seem to appear who to comas ghosts, have '^something on their minds" municate to their friends

The

or

in general.

the world

and persistency of the ghost seems inevitably to be in exact proportion to the intensity of strength

the emotion

at the moment

of death into being.

"

that is, the desire

When that desire which called the ghost is satisfied the ghost feels that its mission is accomplished forever. But even if the desire and fades away is not

satisfied, the ghost gives up disintegrates and vanishes. In most

course

of time,

of the apparition seems not to be for a single person, but is confined to a single If there has been a tragedy it is rehearsed on the spot. is If the house burns down or scene of the tragedy. cases

the message

in

DUAL

THE

ii8

destroyed,

the

MIND

building is erected It seems reappear.

the

on

if another spot, the ghost does not for all the familiar set

ceases.

appearance same

necessary

Even

to be about it in order for the pieces of the scenery hallucination to materialize sufficiently to become perceptible to the

inspired by the appearance of a ghost is In the first place, the ghost is sad, to two causes. Its comits message is rarely one of good cheer. ing

The due

and

objectivemind.

terror

is generally

the

place it is regarded

In

of disaster.

sign

the second

spirit,as the actual entity or soul from the land of shades. of the dead reappearing This last point of view has been dismissed by modern as

The

scientific research. merely

a

a

ghost

form

thought

is not

created in the mind by an to cause that form to visualize. The

emotion

very limitations of the ghost prove

If the dead

spirit. It is

projectedtelepathically,

thought as

a

man

reappeared, of intellect. He

so

a

intense

this fact conclusivel be he would

clothed in all his powers could inform the friend that he loves of all that affected that friend's It would solve the secrets of welfare and happiness.

its prison house vital interest and But

truths of the most and promulgate importance to the whole world. the intelligence and the purpose of the apparition,

being limited to the single thought and emotion It rise above its source. which gave it being, can never is not a spirit,but a telepathic message so powerful that it may

be apparently

It undoubtedly case

seen

may

of the reappearance

objectively. sometimes of

a

happen

that in the

ghost to different persons

PHANTAvSMS in the

household

same

The

that the

In

sense

an

appariactual tion. By this be seen.

of expectancy

manner

same

appearance

but the latter

been

the power

and

are

into being.

brought

are

have

may

ones

to an reappearance after the "ghost has been hypnotic epidemic and

even

person,

the

have

its subsequent

causes

religious hallucinations original

is not

of the ghost may that the details of its appearance

of suggestion impressionable laid."

spot, that the

same

ghost

mean

told and

the

on

after the first time

appearance

we

or

119

due

been

to

purely

verbal

The

subjective,

suggestion

and

expectancy.

Even

apparition has appeared to a natural and he has not spoken of it, it would seem that his experience would be the of

man

to

in

cases

where

an

subject

conjecture

frequent

dwell

He

upon might and vivid reflection. it to reappear under the same it so intensely as to cause distinct^enough If his own circumstances. emotion was

he could as

The

be

cause

the

to reappear

upon

the

the original caused it to appear. methods in which an apparition may

made

to

same

ciple prin-

voluntarily

stress any particular without is shown in the case of the Indian

appear

of the emotions fakirs, who have control

scene

that they

their can

stress. abnormal The magician forms

minds subjective command

so

well under

their services without

image

in his mind and makes it perceptible to others by it into their mental projecting Most fakirs are spheres. of the feats of the Hindu

thus explained. cause

They

an

have

such

power

tigers, elephants, etc., to appear

that they may at will before

a

THE

I20

DUAL

MIND

by forming

images

of these creatures It is probable that they begin by a in their own minds. As the thought takes form, process of self-hypnosis. locate the and as the mental sphere extends, they may

multitude

images

What merely

merely

wherever the

they

choose.

spectator

the thought

sees

of the

and visible by his will.

upon

such

occasions

is

conjurerrendered objective

CHAPTER POWER

TO

XI

CREATE

PHANTASMS

of the mysteries of the is its inherent power of man

ONE

phantoms,

personality subjective to create

real or not, whether to be visible to the

which,

substantial as In extreme others.

illusions

be

may

so

senses objective

these

cases

or

far

of

not only phantasms in some other manner

appear, but they speak or write, or manifest a decided degree of intelligence.

They

clothe

with a sort of individuality. The Orientals ascribe these materializations to the they describe as being a body of astral body, which finer and far more man subtle than his physical being, themselves

and invisible to the senses under ordinary circumstances. During the trance-like condition of sleep, or during complete

hypnosis,

at projected

the will of the

travels through

may

be

personality. subjective

It

they believe this astral body

space with the rapidity of thought,

under favorable conditions may desired place. In India there have

be materialized are

many

and

at any

adepts

who

this power.

In

order

to

appreciate

the

possibility

of

such

the reader must that the subremember jectiv is distinct a separate personality entity. It and intelligence, law and has its own operates under its own

manifestations,

though

it may

be trained to receive instructions from the

consciousness. 121

DUAL

THE

122

MIND

If properly understood, the mind becomes subjective The knowledge a faithful and that obedient servant. sistence Peryou have such a mind should always be with you.

subjective

this idea is the prime factor in it is true that mental While

constitutions differ, and

that

in remembering development.

minds

will find their subjectiv it may readily than others,

more

respond

some

be stated positively that all who

will may call upon this for help and encouragement

side of their nature wonderful by faithful study and practice. Faith furnishes the stimulus to the student, and as the faith increases, power grows and psychic activities become more your subeffective. If you will make consciou

mind

believe that it

can

do

a

thing you will indeed. In the

find that the results will be marvellous production of hallucinations or apparitions by telepathy, sleep, or rather that borderland which lieson either side of sleep constitutes

a

most

favorable

The condition. which may be self-

trance-like state of partial hypnosis, induced, will facilitate the transmission

pathic of these teleand it is while the operator is in this phantasms, decided results are obtained. condition that the most

It is not your

well to make thought, but simply

too

an

great

effort to

project

resolve upon your forms are phantasmal

and calmly

that experiment, remembering isolated and materialized thoughts. If you can to a thought and isolate it from others, you may

hold

on

call into

You can cause the thought to clothe existence a form. itselfwith materiality, as with a garment. If you can impart to that form your consciousness, you may make it to

a

certain degree

conscious.

If you

can

invest it

POWER

CREATE

TO

PHANTASMS

123

it

the element

with

make may you of psychic matter the remarkable tangible. With power

visible and the mind

you

few

But

one

even

of

literallycreate

can

us

hold

can

of time

minute

"

on our

of

apparitions. to

a

for

single thought

minds

are

so

lacking

in

so concentration, wavering and flickering. Only when the will has become practically free will it Then be able to enter upon its full inheritance of power.

power

of

condition of passivity can be reached, the to wander attention can be fixed and will cease aimlessly from one mental image to another. the necessary

The

faith nothing

without the

will bear

statement

a

hundred

repetitions

"

be accomplished,

can

perfectly the

more

abeyance,

the

and that be held in

can mind objective mind perfectly the subjective

more

that

will

perform its functions. Power through practice. If the person and skill come who has not developed his psychic energies attempts to send

forth his thoughts

they will not reach the mark, lost and scattered. But the person who

but will become has cultivated and strengthened his powers can tarily voluncreate hallucinations in the mind of another. In tekpathic communication between two live persons,

the vision is created and the intelligence is communicated direct to the percipient. Under ordinary displays physical the thought circumstances seldom power, reasons

thought

becomes

perceptible to the touch, for the that the emotions call the and desires which into being are seldom of suflicient intensity,

or

and the conditions in normal health

are as

not

they

so

are

favorable

in

one

in

a

whose

live person

objective

THE

124

senses

being

are

the thought

DUAL

closed in death.

form

form

The

objectfor

created, being easily and there being no further reason

was

accomplished, and existence, it fades away its being. In most

MIND

in accordance

which

quicklyfor its

with the laws of

of telepathic hallucinations, the thought to endeavor to reach the percipient in the

cases

seems

easiest and

familiar way.

most

apparition which

to

appeared

a

For woman

instance,

in

one

late at night, the

the garments ordinarily worn wearing the day, and in which she was accustomed to see in reality, as was him, when learned afterward, at the in his night clothes and in deadly was the man moment

vision during

was

himself about to die he peril of his life. Believing had cried out to the woman with his whole heart and In this case the soul, and she had been able to see him.

intensity of the longing visualize. The vision the

and there was the impression the

in imminent

was

apparitions seeing

moment,

are

caused

the phantom

no woman

danger. clothed

message

as

The

to

usually is in this instance,

of the briefest duration,

case,

save

to

was

had

as

received that the man fact that usually these

the percipient is accustomed

them,

at the and not as they actually are is in itself proof that they are telepathic and

not

real visitations. More have phantasms where peculiar are the cases been seen by more time, as than one person at the same well

as

the

cases

circumstances

where as

to

they have

leave

no

been

seen

under

such

doubt that the percipient

in

was

a

CREATE

TO

POWER

completely

the appearance

Sometimes,

normal

PHANTASMS

of the vision. indeed, an apparition

more

naturally

at the moment

condition

not be seen particular person may but is perceived by another who or

psychic

who

125

for

intended

of

one

by that person at all, is is present and who be in temporarily may

pulses. condition to receive telepathic imIn special instances the one the who has seen vision has been a perfect stranger both to the percipient image is seen. and to the sender, whose a

favorable

more

by a the hallucination has been seen when stranger it is not recognized as any person he has ever ing it assumes form, bearseen, a grotesque and sometimes It is seen to the original. no merely resemblance

Often

because whose

percipient is is so organization the

impressionable

peculiarly

The

a

''sensitive" "

adjusted as

that

is,

to

render to telepathic impulses.

fact that hallucinations

or

are

phantoms

seen

one

him

by

they come others than those to whom with messages be accepted as a proof of their reality. may Sometimes the vision, or hallucination, becomes perceptible instantly, but

growth. assumes

away.

it is of slow It comes out of the misty half light, gradually form and shape, and then as gradually fades indeed, it is not materialized and Sometimes, more

frequently

does not become some

hours It

and

condition

senses until perceptible to the objective pulse. after the sending forth of the original im-

seems

to

clearness

of the

one

depend

altogether

of the thought

who

upon

and

the poignancy

the receptive

receives the message.

THE

126

is purely that

cases

most

MIND

it is initiated by

Whether or

DUAL

pulse, conscious telepathic imin its origin, it seems in

subjective have

we

deal

to

with

a

purely

hallucination. It may be transeven ferred contagious from the original percipient telepathically to In some as cases, at the time. others in his company by Mr.

suggested

Gurney,

that the minds by many, vision is seen the agent, and

of

mind

one

the

of

striking

reasonable

the current

suppose, react

determine

that the

upon

its exact

the exact

regulates

too,

each

is little doubt

There

beings, to

upon

jectur

overflow from the have served to reinforce

in electrically synchronized to

con-

second It is clocks.

minds

of all the

the other, thus

giving

force to the original impulse.

cumulative

images,

an

of the percipients may original impulse and

recipients may

human

permissible to

the of all the percipients, where have been directly influenced by

that subsequently

justas

moment,

it seems

a

that the power

greater

their strength

or

resides

less degree, to create

and clearness of course the individual's ability to concentrate

in all such

ing dependthe mind

The man and direct the force of the impulse. who can fix his mind for a certain length of time unwaveringly it, as it any mental picture is able to photograph upon and influence the minds of others to such an extent that they are able to see it. The phenomena of so-called demonstrates the fact that spirit photography amply

were,

be created

of such tangible character that the photographic and fixed upon

visions

can

they

be caught The fact that these apparitions may be graphed photois explained by the be seen they cannot when

plate.

can

CREATE

TO

POWER

PHANTASMS

127

The fact that the sensitized plate is cumulative. eye but the longer the plate in the instantaneously, sees

distinctly the more certain object it is reproduced. Stars, for instance, which may not be seen can be photographed, their faint light gradually impression on the plate. an making is exposed

camera

These

mental

however,

may

not

to

a

images

taken

be classed

by

the

photographer,

as

appear

real apparitions, which favorable for picture not

conclusive

but little satisfactory or been apparition has ever

under circumstances There is at present taking. that

evidence

satisfactorily weighed

an

or

photographed.

In

many

of

especially of astonishing feats of the conjurer, nation the Indian fakir, the elements of suggestion and imagibrought into service to aid in producing the are the most

illusion. The

complete

independence

of the

is shown more nowhere clearly than fact that telepathic visions may not

mind subjective in the undoubted only be sent but

be sent may received during sleep. They agent is asleep, and the percipient awake, or both are asleep.

when even

the

when

do not

We

refer to those telepathic messages which being between are constantly exchanged subjective edge minds without the volition and even without the knowlWe of the communicants. speak of, voluntary, definite messages to send to the agent wishes which certain individuals, for certain purposes. he sleeps Before be either natural and this may "

sleep

or

the sleep

agent

should

or

hypnosis strongly

"

the experienced

will, direct and

pert and exdesire his

DUAL

THE

128

MIND

fluenc suggestion, inThis comto the sleeping patient. or impression mand vant, should be as clear as if the master said to his ser^'1 am ing sleepgoing to sleep now, and while I am

entity subjective

to convey

certain business

will transact

you

is the

obedient

the necessary

mind subjective

for

and so that it does what it is me,"

told. If the receiver of the message is asleep at the time he dreams the impression comes, of the things the agent desires.

The

condition of natural

sleep is naturally the most

condition attainable, because all the locked in slumber, and the subare jectiv objectivesenses in is free laws to act mind accordance with the

perfectly passive

govern

which

it. The

mind subjective

active during and

sleep, for in itselfthis mind never If it should fail in its duty sleeps.

never

the heart

moment

would death

is always

stop, the

would

nervous

cease

system

to

most

wearies for one

beat, the breathing

would

be paralyzed, and

for it is the subconsciousness that carries on all the processes of life. lies in the fact that the operator The secret of success his to regarding should becom.e accustomed ensue,

subjective

self as

justas and

distinct entity that will obey his will, and then, his thoughts he fallsasleep he should concentrate

a

give

regarding There

last direct command the work to be done

are

many

ways

to

his

during

in which

the

mind subjective the night.

mind subjective

active aside from natural sleep, hypnosis. Diseases deliberately produced of various kinds, particularly those of the brain or the nervous

becomes or

a

dominant

and

total

or

mind subjective

OF

PHANTASMS

To

DEAD,

THE

129

frequently

cause

of the objectivemind to intense activity.

partial suspension

and excite the

a

PHANTASMS

and intense febrile excitement,

centers,

the

CREATE

TO

POWER

OR

GHOSTS

scientificinvestigator, the ghost has These apparitions which have terrified

the modern

real foundation.

the timid and the superstitious during all ages of for a long time dismissed by the earnest the v^orld, were being

as

student

fancies, but it is

mere

now

acknowledged

that certain impalpable

do from

deceased They

shapes resembling persons time to time appear to the living.

are

could be

often

seen,

seen

and

as

plainly

events

are

all the characters and actors reality itself. It is worthy of the dead are

as

the

reality objective

depicted in visions, with present,

as

as

perfectly

the

of notice that generally all phantasms stances of those who have died under circum-

of great mental

stress

or

emotion.

The

feels at the supreme man an moment murdered intense desire to communicate the circumstances of his tragedy, and he conceives the thought of reproducing on the scene the spot until its significance is understood

and the slayer brought to justice.Perhaps he expires It is his last command with this thought on his mind. his subliminal self, and the suggestion is so The result is a haunted that it is carried out.

to

and those whose the shock

tragedy.

may

are

nerves

enough

to

house,

withstand

witness a reproduction continue for days, weeks,

nightly

This may

strong

strong

of the or

even

THE

130

but invaribly

months

to its creation

But are

more

of

one a

the

when

objectwhich

or

not

living

man

telepathic vision transmitted

to another,

deceased,

person

a

is a

and a phantom difference of degree,

of kind; of species, not of genus. created by the subjective mind, and both are and

led

They spirits of the dead. less than intensified telepathic visions.

are

difference between

from ghost

ceases

MIND

is accompHshed.

these ghosts

nothing The

or

DUAL

not

Both

are

created for

the purpose

a message. of conveying is produced The phantom favorable under the most The dying man's senses are preternaturally conditions. keen. it is said, his whole Within life a moment,

passes before him

in review.

He

reaches an emotional height of the greatest sublimity, and if death has been by violence, his last thought is of necessity of the most intense character.

desire to acquaint the world, or in the world, of his secret some particular person ''taking off," is overwhelming. The dying see clearly, and

some

the timx

His

of the mind's greatest activities take place at of demise, especially if death is sudden and

unexpected. The circumstances

under which the wraith appears is usually proof that it is a telepathic vision rather than a A man was who real appearance of the dead one. from home on a long journey suddenly saw his away

in the housedress which she had room wife in her own he her, when been wearing as on the day he last saw of the vision she was afterward learned, at the moment in go

a

railroad wreck far away, having been called upon to in a distant city, and being home to her mother's

CREATE

TO

POWER

PHANTASMS

131

It is probable that at the moment of the collision she longed intensely for him and his mind received the impression instantaneously subjective conscious of the fact by creatallowing him to become ing en

at the time.

route

the vision which he saw. It is probable that all houses in which men loved, and died, are actually ''haunted."

dramas over

but few

over,

and

been

have

which

be visualized, and

of them

few persons

times to

at normal

are

are

The

human

reproduced

intense enough

to

are

sufficiently sensitive The ghostly scene itself

them.

see

there

enacted

have lived,

sufficiently materialized to refract the light But those who before it is visible to the normal eye. keenly alive to psychic impulses are susceptible to are They know these influences to a remarkable extent.

be

must

that certain them

make

depress them, and that certain houses ignorant of the sad, but usually they are

rooms

fact that the atmosphere of dead emotions.

A

simple

ghostly

apparitions to

appear

explanation

a

dicing

and

becomes message

Many

with the ghosts

of the familiar phenomena of they the time of death, when

far distant, is that at the time of imprisoned free longs will becoming

person

dissolution, the to acquaint

at

is surcharged

the loved the

one

desire is

with the last messages so

strong

visible to the distant by seeing the vision.

that

the

who

receives the

a sudden recorded where for instance, a desire to see

are

cases

one

of the thought

and

tense in-

a certain emotion has caused the will to become so active as to person projectitself from the physical body with such force "

"

THE

132

that

the

DUAL

form

thought

MIND

becomes

condensed

body

of the sender is materialized that it becomes visible.

to

and

"

an

such

the

extent

This

does not appear difficultto the phenomenon intelligent psychologist. He is quite willing to recognize that the whole apparition clothes and all is an "

hallucination,

"

veridical, but not real. He does not require to believe that the spirit is present it is seen, than he supposes the telepathic any more where Meyers

as

says,

The telepathic vision are real as seen. phantasms frequently fuses with some memory of the subject, and the case is the same with apparitions of the dead. Every thought or emotion is telepathic to a greater or

less extent.

It

in direct proportion

itself projects

its force and clearness, and power

is effective according

to

to the

it is the subjective mind exercised upon when It goes where it is sent, and lives as long as

projected.

its vitality lasts. invisible is peopled by thoughts force enough to become not palpable ghosts which less influence upon the or and yet exercise more Thus

the

world have

"

people of the world. Every himself by a mental atmosman phere, surrounds depending the vigor and clearness of his upon intelligence. And this mental atmosphere clings to the

man's

habitation to

a

houses,

to the and corresponds those who have inhabited them.

Even

the dullest minded feels the depressing mental lodging-house,

and

It is found

certain extent.

there

and

mental

most

atmosphere are

many

in

conditions of

sluggish

of

a

person tramp's

sensitive, high-

TO

POWER

CREATE

PHANTASMS

133

into a strange house strung people who, upon moving by the mental attitude of those influenced at once are who formerly dwelt there. This is especially noticeable inhabitants

the former

where

were

the victims of any

or strong emotion. great sorrow This mental atmosphere cling to it of a house may for years, and frequently is so strong and antagonistic No to vacate to cause as the premises. the newcomer

is

ghost

heard, but the invisible ghosts of the influence which can be felt and cannot be

or

seen an

place exert

thrown

off. Doubtless

many

to suggestion.

of

be attributed experiences may edge person is influenced by the knowl-

such

The

tragic

some

event

certain spot, and his own details of the tragic scene

in

happened

which

thought

shuddering

of the

sufficient to render

are

a

the

But many cases spot unbearable to him. of this acter charcases may not be explained thus where the tragic "

inhabitant. to the new not known story of the place was The influence of these invisible ghosts is felt regardless of the fact that the former inhabitants of the place may have recovered from the effects be stillalive, and may and heartache they felt there. of the tragic sorrow It is entirely reasonable

ghosts,

or

to suppose

ible that these invis-

telepathic hallucinations,

are

seen

by

force enough to rise above the threshold of consciousness, but they are justas real as the apparitions that are seen, being of the same character and differing only in strength of the subconscious

mind.

They

have

not

manifestation.

The

thoughts that haunt

a

house

need

not

be of

an

MIND

DUAL

THE

134

Each blessing that comes unpleasant nature. heart lingers there, as well as each curse and

from

the

each cry

sorrow.

of

KINDS

THREE

Thus

there

between is sent

form

vision

telepathic

living persons,

two

directly from

the

one

soon

as

thought

is received by be either by may

and

communication impression, a dream

a

tion communicathe

where

This

mental disappears which

of

TELEPATHY.

be

to

appears

the other only. means

OF

as

or

an

actual it delivers its

message.

In the second a

thought

a

case

form

be sent

may

by

the world at large to communicate import regarding the sender. fact of momentous

dying

some

It is sometimes

is always until its

and

to

person

senses visible to the objective locality, which it haunts confined to one is accomplished, failing this until or

made

object

the locality is destroyed

or

changed,

or

until the lapse it disintegrates.

it to lose it vitality when of time causes The third form of telepathy partakes of both the firstand the second.

by

a

live person,

but is not

sent

to any

charof the acteristi It is created individual, but

is confined to a certain locality and impresses it haunts. occupies the house or room In the secoiM

instance

of clairvoyance, in which

we

have

evidence abundant the transmitted idea does not

reach the percipient, as the meager but spontaneously and with great

and often with great of

ease

special receptivity

on

whoever

and the

result of a crisis, fullness of detail,

rapidity, part

of

as

the outcome

the

percipient.

CREATE

TO

POWER

Such clairvoyance

and the word

"

sense

to include other

sense

of sight

occurs

"

PHANTASMS

impressions in its most

135

is used in its general than those upon the striking form when

the percipient is under the influence of hypnosis. be remembered, It must however, that while

the

disappear at once vision which brings the message may degree or manner the percipand forever, in whatever ience may have been received, it is registered permanently in the absolutely mind, and is never

subjective

lost.

Its recognition

later the message The obsession

be deferred, but

may

or

sooner

will be delivered and

understood. and possession of spirits, as believed by the ancients may be attributed in a manner to the allied influences of hypnotic suggestion and telepathy. Those

who

became

easily entered the subjective condition and influences they could not to psychic

subject

explain, but believed thoroughly possessed by devils.

understand were

or

The

telepathic power but exclusively to man, lower

as

animals

people have

does seems

well, only

in

not

that they

to be

seem

confined to be possessed by the

a

lesser degree.

Many

which may be exerted at certain favorable conditions, to influence times and under Horses and dogs, especially, which have been animals. the power,

in the habit of

themselves subjecting

to

man's

control

often give unmistakable evidences of sensing phantoms. They crouch and tremble with fright, and undoubtedly find themselves to or perceive phantasms

subject

influences not

with them.

preceptible to the human

beings who

are

XII

CHAPTER

PHENOMENA

SUBJECTIVE

MAURICEMAETERLINCK, much

has

who

so

in terms

to interpret psychic phenomena

of imminent

science, says that in all moments

done

of

physical

peril the subconscious mind acts with magical quickness Its efforts in the effort to save the body from harm. are just as instinctive and involuntary as the closing danger threatens the eyes. of the eyelids when In many cases the subconscious mind is able to the

objectivesenses

these warnings to

though

suppose in most

are

warn

of danger, and It is reasonable called premonitions.

of the

approach

are that these warnings always given, cases they do not rise to the realm of

consciousness.

being limited by time and be called a space, seems might able to exercise what the danger which threatens, prophetic faculty. It senses 'The

mind, subjective

uses

and

or

its best effort to warn If we us. cannot do not heed the warning, it tries to save

In every

of these

not

man's

experience

premonitions.

there

Sometimes

are

many

they

are

perceive us.

instances so

sharp

them; more act upon clear that we often they are a dim sense vague feelings of uneasiness or depression is going to happen." that "something

and

"

A

story has recently

the premonition

from

come

in the most 136

trates which illusA genvivid way.

England

PHENOMENA

SUBJECTIVE tleman as

car

dozing

was

in

the train dashed

a

seat

137

by the window

through

of the darkness.

a

railwayHe suddenly

that another train was racing along beside in the his double sitting by the window him. He saw a reflection of himself, other train. He thought it was but the image remained and caused him such a feeling

found

his own and window of discomfort that he opened At the same looked out. the window moment of the other train was opened and his double looked out. "Leave

this train

at

the

he heard from strange command in the other car. man

the station," was the lips of the shadowy

next

He left the train as he the vision vanished. had been commanded, justbeyond and it was wrecked the next station. This incident is extreme, and it has not been sufficiently well authenticated to be accepted Then

as

true.

If it is true, however,

it may

be presumed

that

of the other passengers

many

received similar warnings not in a proper of the coming wreck, only they were In their cases, the psychic condition to receive them. did not premonition of consciousne reach the threshold

Often

these warnings

during

come

in the form

cases natural sleep, and in most threatens during sleep, the subconscious

of dreams, danger where

mind

makes

a

the one who is threatened. effort to awaken In moments the faculties of imminent peril, when are paralyzed by terror, often the subjective mind takes himself by saves charge of the situation, and the man supreme

involuntary

the

case

He dodges or defends himself as action. be without any conscious effort of the may

DUAL

THE

138

will. While in many

cases

MIND

the

mind subjective

is unable

often its action is effectiveand we owe our safety to itspromptness. Some events which we are accustomed to attribute to the mysteries of fate may reasonably be accredited to to

us,

rescue

The revolver that has been fired the subjective mind. a thousand times without a failurehas often been known heart. We to snap harmlessly when pointed at a man's

understand ho^y the faithful guardian of our cal safety has rendered the weapon ineffectiveat that critibut italmost seems as if an invisible thumb moment, had been thrust beneath the hammer to prevent the cannot

discharge.

On

seems

the other hand, it seems at times as if the subjective leads into danger us a mind with craftinesswhich ture absolutely suicidal as if the time for our depar"

from

the world

had

come

and

was

recognized. led beneath the

the stray bulletstrikes us, we are falling wall, or the slightestaccident is attended with

Then

fatalconsequences. It appears unreasonable to attribute all these mysteries of life and death to mere coincidence, and why may we not properly regard the subjective self as the arbitersof our destiny so far as the physical functions and the welfare of the body are concerned ? What

there is a

is pain, for instance, save

calling our derrangement of

need of repair? Cases of somnambulism

the voice of the consciousnes subattention to the fact that some

organism

which is in

furnish the most

examples of the guardianship of the

striking

mind. subjective

\^

PHENOMENA

SUBJECTIVE The

the most

sleep walker

will perform in perfect safety. A woman

was

who

139 perilous actions delicately nurtured,

known to and without any athletic training, was during her sleep and climb out of her chamber window go up the lightning rod with the grace and ease of a Then balance tree. a squirrel ascending she would the roof of the building like a trapeze performer, and return to her bed in safety without waking.

herself

on

feats she performed impossible had she been

The

would have been absolutely in a normal condition.

CLAIRVOYANCE

Although

clairvoyance

is

manifestations of psychic power, it are not so well understood as therapeutics

mental

defined

the power

to

of the commonest the laws which govern

one

and

notism, hypthose governing It may be telepathy.

the eye of the soul. important Clairvoyance is akin to telepathy in some particulars, as indeed it is akin to all psychic phenomena in the

as

that it is

sense

a

see

manifestation of the subjective distinctions to be made in some

mind.

Yet

the

of clairvoyance.

case

there

are

In telepathy, two

be

with

minds

a

are

required. in the case

receiver and a sender, as In clairvoyance, however, telegraphy.

is actively engaged.

of trance,

or

with

The

the

abeyance, is able to see It may at a distance. merely,

or

it may

be

a

There

only

must

of wireless one

mind

clairvoyant, while in a state faculties partially in

objective

the things that

are

transpiring

be either a distance in space, distance in time.

THE

I40

MIND

DUAL

from

is disengaged the phenomena less fraudulent field of professional

When or

the

more

it

mediumship,

that actually the subjective mind, and perhaps it sees to a distance, where the astral body, is projected gent less intellior what is going on and brings back a more appears

to

report

Sometimes

faculties. objective

the

stimuli are crystal, in order

certain physical

for instance, gazing the clairvoyant

at

power,

a

but there

needed, as to develop

those who possess they have been able to "see are

this power naturally, and things" invisible to the ordinary physical eye time they

were

from

the

children.

is developed to a this power certain mediums high degree, but the fact that illusions are nearly always

In

intermingled

has rendered with the actual things seen the power ability. of littlepractical value because of its unreliIt is not only that the mind which goes forth

to witness

but

a

desired

also that

the

is impressed

scene

interpretation

of the

is in general, vague physical senses It is probable that our minds

journeyswhen

by other

and take

scenes

scenes,

to

the

uncertain. many

strange

we sleep naturally, as well as when But the in the hypnotic trance. are mind subjective less Unis seldom able to successfully report what it sees.

the

we

conditions

are

very

that is apt to arise when to

with

communicate

in the is seldom

case

clear

seen, seldom highest powers

as

the

favorable,

the

the

mind subjective to seems objective

confusion attempts

be intensified

of clairvoyance, and the impression is or clairvoyance reliable. Genuine it is a manifestation of the of one

of the

mind. subjective

SUBJECTIVE In order

it

141

effective, render the clairvoyant power for the will to accompany the subnecessary consciou its journey,so that the things upon mind

seems

seen

PHENOMENA

to

be clearly impressed

may

to the normal

and afterward

mind.

It is probable that the clairvoyant sense but it is generally the sensitive or all men, person

is able to exert

who

visions rise above comprehensive

communicated

it in such

the threshold

a

is inherent in the abnormal way

that the

of consciousness

in

a

manner.

CLAIRAUDIENCE

One

interesting phenomenon and most of the psychic world is clairaudience, which has been defined somewhat ''the power to hear the as vaguely

of the rarest

spoken

of the

human

soul."

If

we

eliminate the cases where a vision appears and speaks, the definite is developed in but a few power of clairaudience instances. The voice which calls without causing the words

physical atmosphere

to vibrate, and

tinct yet is perfectly dis-

audible, is a striking example be accomplished by steady development

and

of what of the

may

tive subjec-

powers.

While claim who day, it may than

there

are

a

number

of spiritualisticmediums

the powers

of clairaudience at the present be stated that the faculty is now less common it was in ancient times. Classic literature

is full of references to voices, and every student of the Bible will recall many instances of the spoken word. It is clear that the same laws of suggestion apply

to

DUAL

THE

142

this force

to

apply

which

MIND other

and in a general way be explained by clairaudience may At least a parthe principles which govern telepathy. tial to be necessary, seems suspension of the objectivity cases the voice is a and it is not unlikely that in most form

projectedthought the

arouses

impression

distinct and

so

of hearing

sense

of audibility when

the ordinary physical This is proven by

phenomena,

vivid

that

it

to

activity, and gives the it is not in audible in .fact

sense.

the

fact that in many

instances

the voice is heard only by one person, though there may Even in cases be others in his company at the moment. where the others hear the voice it is probable that they take the suggestion from the first hearer's vivid may impression.

Often

the voices comes

which of waking man

in tones knew

that a

a

in the trance-like tion condithe first sleep, or the moment heard

The consciousness is confused. by hearing the voice of his wife, awakened our

of terror

received as

with

when was

who

are

she

was

John," and entreaty, crying, ^'John, in trouble or danger. He had

telepathic

sound.

At

had

which projection

another

time, under have seen

circumstances, he might it was learned above case,

that

come

to him

slightly different

In the vision. the house had been a

by burglars, and that the terrified woman actually called aloud for her husband in the very he heard more than a hundred miles away.

had

invaded

Her moment

mind subjective "

she

was

in

a

words

in the ascendancy at the perfect hysteria of fright and was

"

PHENOMENA

SUBJECTIVE the words

were

and power

conveyed that he awoke

143

with such distinctness

to him

hearing them.

CRYSTAL

GAZING

crystal gazing has had a revival in popularity, The it really is one of the oldest forms of divination. lands discovered that by gazing with savages in many

While

rapt attention into

at the glossy, mirror-like

or

pool of water,

piece of crystal, or, perhaps

a

limpid

a

a

surface of

Some could see visions. of desires and so colored by their own these visions were longings that they seemed to be prophetic, and were

piece of metal, that they

largely accepted that while most

as

clearly than They seers.

able to

others, and

also found

see see

these

"

It must are

the

mind.

and

the visions, them came

more

to

some

tive sensi-

easily and

be esteemd

striking, and

the hallucinations

these

as

more

crystals became

correspondingly valuable. be understood that the visions in the crystal

creations

They

may

or

be

the mere

reflections of the subjective fantasies, without any value be so far telepathic they may

whatever, and then again In other words, the message as to have real use. the crystal may be either true or false.

The

found

that certain crystals reflected degree to create a greater as

the light in such a way that is, to render of hypnosis

complicated famous and

They

by the gazers.

people could

were

persons

such

crystal is

one

of the best known

aids to the creation of that partial hypnosis

and

told by

simplest which is so

THE

144

favorable

to

the working steadfastly into

gaze

you

over

comes

DUAL

You

you.

MIND

of the a

crystal,

sort of fascination

a

forget

likely to

are

If

mind. subjective

things, and presently objects and scenes deepens, the As concentration your

external

begin to appear. visions become

with which faces may

You may distant scenes see coherent. Well known you are familiar. and beloved Tragedies, before you. appear comedies,

romances

with

more

clearer and

"

know

and flitbefore

is

a

or

with

more

your

eyes

panorama. The partial

or not may may you whom less familiar stage settings,

actors

or

"

in

one

total suspension

the

vivid

are

a

it may

The

the apparitions which

the crystal. The best material for the course,

absorbing

more

is held in abeyance,

mind objective

and

various

and

senses of the objective in this, crystal gazing

condition, and all other forms of hypnosis.

necessary

resembles

or

continuous

"

the

completely

more

appear

in

of the crystal gazer is,of ball of rock crystal. It may be only a tiny ball, be as large as a teacup. The shape is a matter

indifference,

use

best results are obtained from an oval or spherical crystal. Rock crystal, however, or at least that variety suitable for the crystal of

gazer,

other

is both

though

rare

substances

and may

usually

the

expensive,

be

and

glass balls

substituted with

or

apparently

results. It is probable that the best results are obtained from the white transparent balls, though to be largely a matter the color seems of indifference.

equally good

Some

Some

blue, yellow, green, or opalescent. of the brighter colored crystals tire the eye, while crystals

are

SUBJECTIVE

PHENOMENA

145

crystals are said to offer less strain to the If the eyes begin to tire, or if the attenoptic nerves. tion is diverted, the success is of the experiment

the amethyst

lessened.

If the amateur

desires to make

he may

self, for himexperiments the best substitute that

obtain a crystal or is convenient. Good results have been secured from a in the ordinary v^ay or black like mirror either made "

The mirror should not of Bahatta. light, and is better if given some reflect too much uniform neutral tint like blue or gray.

the noted

mirrors

in the crystal give one the effect visions seen not of being mental images, but of being actual external These, however, scenes. seldom form in any real sense The

neither be called,

They may part of the outside world. strictly,hallucinations or illusions.

a

Crystal

seen are visions which hallucinations of the same

objectsare seen

the eyes when Mr. Lang quotes

by

are a

in perfectly nature

as

dark

may

be

closed. curious

was experiment which covered his head with

a of his friends who There was illumination, actno ually, perfectly dark funnel. but he soon found the funnel filledwith light, and Afterward then fancy pictures followed. the experimenter

made

one

was

could

not

certain of having They recall them.

than the most Those

seen were

the pictures, but he more

vague

even

indefinite dream. wish to try the experiment

gazof crystal ing should practice whenever convenient, and by the aid of auto suggestion cultivate the power of entering into There is no rule which may be a semi-hypnotic state. who

THE

DUAL

any

particular

146 to

given

cover

MIND case.

The

picture may definite form

kind of mist, gradually taking in littlespecks of light which and color, or it may come grow larger and coalesce as you gaze at them steadily. When once the pictures begin to appear, however, in

appear

they

a

be completely

to

seem

If at this time passive

the experimenter

hold

and

become

results may

is much

There

detached

his

can

from

their origin. become perfectly

in abeyance

senses objective

wonderful. difference between

the results obtained, but

everybody

individuals has

the

as

to

to the power tice, grows by prac-

extent, and the power visions to some it does in all other branches of psychic experias ments. And in this, as in other things, the principle of be employed to develop may suggestion

see

subjective

activity. an

Often, indeed,

suggestion

is

so

potent

that

the person gazing at the be suggested to him. any vision that may be seen, be as easily may the practice may

experienced

crystal to see In this case,

a

operator

causes

susceptible of fraud and imposture. depends The success of the experiment

upon

cal physi-

those conditions at the time, and even faculty at its highest, sometimes find unable to produce visions of any interest

and mental have the who themselves

placed that it is sheltered from high points of light. It reflection, offering no is on a usually reposes cushion of black velvet or The

crystal should

be

so

in some other kind of black cloth. It may, too, wrapped It should be be sheltered in the hollow of the hand. placed ten or fifteen inches from the eye^ whatever "

your

range

of vision normally

may

be

"

so

that there

PHENOMENA

SUBJECTIVE is

no

strain upon

fasten your permitting so

arrange

the optic

gaze

yourself to see the light and

accomplish it. The most comfortable

You

nerves.

heart

the

upon

147 should

try to

of the

crystal, not its surface at all if you can fix your attention as to so

attitude should

be

adopted,

either sitting or reclining, so that there will be nothing in a physical way to cause you distress. The simplest way, at the beginning, perhaps, is to select some

object

which a

is not

moment.

image.

Then

reflected in the crystal and Then close your eyes and

gaze try

at it for to

see

its

and make an effort to visualize it in the heart of the ball. You may not have any natural aptitude, and may be from unable to fix your gaze and keep your mind gaze

at the crystal

But after six or eight efforts you probably wandering. will be able to visualize the objectat which you have been gazing in the crystal. After you have succeeded in doing this it is a good plan to try closing your eyes

for

a

moment

until you

familiar

can

call up

a

mental

picture of

and then transfer this to the crystal. Try some single figure or a simple bit of action at first, to the crystal you and as you learn to transfer the scene more will become proficient. Complex and elaborate dents are scenes produced, and oftimes one will witness incisome

that

are

scene,

taking

place in

clearness and accuracy.

a

foreign land with marvelous

CHAPTER SPIRITISM

THERE

are

AND

obtained

HYPNOTISM

thousands

many

in the world.

XIII

They

of honest

spiritualists

nomena able to explain all the phein a manner by their mediums that is are

highly

Some at least. of satisfactory, to themselves ing have been convicted of fraud by investigatthe mediums scientists who have therefore turned aside with the belief that the manifestations are at all the seances fraudulent. The

investigator

honest

is not

inclined to accept the

or the critics of of either the adherents cannot spiritualism as final. He conclude because a have been "fakers" that all spiritualism few mediums

conclusions

is built upon

because

a

some

reconcile with

that they Even

the conclusions

therefore

are

he declare that are

difficult to

of accepted natural

law,

supernatural.

of the hardest

many

have

basis of fraud; nor can of the demonstrations

headed

that there

acknowledged

that they

spiritualisticphenomena

scienof modern tists is ''something" in

are

not

prepared

to

explain.

We which

must are

remember not

that there

yet understood,

are

and

many

it is

natural laws

more

logical to

phenomena of spiritualism to than it is to attribute them to the

attribute the unexplained these unknown ghostly hands

laws

of

our

friends who 148

have

passed

over

the

AMD

SPIRITISM

HYPNOTISM

149

Even at present world beyond. are many which classed by the of the demonstrations as unthinking either fraudulent or supernatural may be into the

borderland

notism, for by the principles of hypsatisfactorily accounted the laws of suggestion, and the operations of the

mind. subjective

One Dr.

of the most

intelligent of modern

Joseph Lapponi,

Leo,

who

was

investigators,

of practical anthropology in his exhaustive book on academy of Rome, and Spiritism," gives the details of a The held under favorable conditions. seance professor

and

Pope

to

chief physician

at

the

notism "Hyptypical seance

lowing begins with table turning, which takes place in the fol"The two thumbs of each person are manner : to be touching each other, and each littlefinger is to be in communication

with the littlefingers of the persons himself completes on the either side. The medium 'chain' with his two hands. The hands of all together rest

on

"A watch one

the edge

of the table. takes place, whilst all silence of a few minutes Then from the table creaks, moves expectantly.

or

it rises from other side; sometimes and finally falls back heavily.

the

ground, "The

medium

announces

that the spirits are

the

present ;

raised from the table, the chain is broken; to the invitation and can the spirits have responded by themselves. If the chain is not broken the work the hands

are

all remain at the table and be under the dominion of the spirits for as long as and in the way but one body that pleases the latter, as if they made

operatives

must

with the table itself.

THE

150 "Let

us

DUAL that

suppose

MIND

the

is broken.

chain

From

points of the table put at the disposition of the spirits, will be heard noises of violent, frequent and repeated hollow raps. Then the table itself,not being

various

by any

touched

one

present,

backwards

moves

and

wards, for-

rises of itself,and turns, sometimes times slowly, somewith dizzy rapidity, on its axis, first to the right for

few minutes, and then to the left. It is transported from one place to another in the room and swings first on one and then on another of its legs. Then suddenly, a

to its place and outside help, it returns stops as if fatigued with so much arduous labor. "Then in the room begin to move the other

without

any

about.

The

objects

stools

skip

by

themselves,

....

the

chairs dance and jump about, changing places, bending first one leg one then another, or standing on way obliquely but without falling, against all laws of equilibrium. The niture the tables and other furchina, ....

of the

about and up in an

room

begin

joltagainst

one

a

singular another

dance;

and mix

they

move

themselves

breaking or extraordinary muddle without being damaged, and if the pieces of furniture on which to one these things are placed incline much side, or if somersaults in the air, they do not budge, but remain as if they had been nailed. "The heaviest furniture in the room cupboards and creep, move chests positions, rise in about, change they turn

"

"

succeed in touching the ceiling fifteen minutes." attached to it for some and remaining These weird and uncanny demonstrations so graphically described by Dr. Lapponi have been witnessed by the air, and

sometimes

AMD

SPIRITISM

HYPNOTISM

other investigators under to

circumstances the possibilities of fraud.

preclude

seemed

which They

are

seen

and are no longer dismissed fraudulent or derided as hallucinations. The undeniable be attrifrauds which have been discovered may buted to the natural desire of the medium to increase in

at all seances as

151

form

some

the dramatic

effect of his

effect under

circumstances But it is no

seance,

to

or

produce that be otherwise

which would longer possible to declare unfavorable. fraudulent. the whole range of spiritualisticphenomena The table turning itself may be explained in large part by hypnosis. long

the

would create

the

wait,

eagerness

not

only

unconsciously. but the senses,

under table in his desire to

might

strained surroundings, to produce results it

It

and

heightened

are

to the

be entirely natural for some one of those who hypnotised, the ''chain" to become perhaps

momentarily

that

Owing

cause

it to do

hypnosis, cause so

the and

is well

physical

to a

powers

the person

the table to turn

certain extent

known

at the

and gyrate by his own

unconscious movements. The medium himself is almost sure to be under the He has hypnotised himself spell of auto suggestion. at

The movement of the seance. itself to the others. The started communicates

the very

once

beginning

excitement spreads, and all the conditions are favorable for hysteria, hallucinations, telepathic tions, projec-

nervous

phantasms,

involuntary

frauds. The

audience

it is willing to co-operate point where in creating effects that feed its own the medium

itself reaches with

and

a

sensationalism-.

DUAL

THE

152

As

hypnotised

a

of any it is not

convinced control,

so

all the

medium,

unconscious or

be

to

assembly

That

was

Psychical to

believes he is

man

an

more

or

is

hypnotic

the

control of the if he himself is in an

complete

semi-trance,

with

his

mind objective

partially

suppressed.

reached by the University appointed

the gist of the conclusion Society of St. Petersburg examine

animal

reality at the suggestion of his impossible at a seance for the whole

under

completely

MIND

the question

ena. of spiritisticphenom-

The

of commission excluded the realty of many nations, the demonstrations and explained the others by halluciinvoluntary or and unconscious

conjuring

fraud

due

to suggestion

and auto suggestion. Dr. Lapponi, however, does not accept the sions concluof the St. Petersburg commission, and he agrees Crookes and Lombroso that while with Sir William hypnotic

suggestion

might

partially explain the phenomena it is impossible to bute attri-

at seances, produced to any all the demonstrations

The

further

at the typical

that

we

phenomena

seance

source.

such

described

by

above referred to his own words once

will quote ^'Whilst the marvels

above

related

are

Dr.

are

so

Lapponi graphic

more.

taking place," in the room

''some of the objects continues Dr. Lapponi, have lost a great part of their weight, so that, although large and covered with other a child can carry

objects

them

from

one

place to another

as

if they

were

feathers.

the contrary, although very small, become extraordinarily heavy so that, although in normal conditions it takes two a child could easily manage them, now

Others,

on

SPIRITISM three

or

to lift them

men

HYPNOTISM

AND

a

few

153

centimeters

above

the

This change of weight is but temporary, ground. and beings only lasts as long as it pleases the mysterious that have produced it.

'To

the

make

spectacle

be heard.

sometimes

more

If there is

varied, a

music

will instrument

musical in the room, this will play without being touched by harIf the instrument be a pianoforte or a monium, any one. at the most

one

may

without seeing the force that is no instrument in the room,

see

the keys

moves

in the house

that does not hinder the music

even,

"Then

the great

to

astonishment

appears of the medium only to become exceedingly

the person

moving, but If there them.

from

or

street

being heard.

of those present,

extraordinarily small, and

gantic, gi-

all this

The change of stature perwith regard to proportion. sists until all present have had time to verify itby touch

and

measurement.

the dimensions

chair

or

a

his ordinary size, and, sitting on a table, is slowly raised in the air until his head returns

medium

of

After sundry alternatings between dwarf and those of a giant, the

to

nearly touches the ceiling. He remains in this position This is done in the for some eight or ten minutes. The deed is repeated more than sight of all present. once, with slight variations as to detail.

"Whilst

the audience

all that admire wonderingly is going on, suddenly the lights which had gone out are rekindled by themselves, and a hot or cold wind is Then invisible felt by all on some part of the body.

hands various

tear,

seize petulantly the clothes of the from another a individuals; from one a watch, move,

THE

154

handkerchief, and from And these taken.

DUAL a

MIND book is memorandum be found in the laps or

third

a

objectsmay

the

pockets

from

whom

of other

spectators

they

stolen.

were

far away

Other

from

those

invisible hands

at

time shake hands, touch the arm, the shoulder, One is or the thigh, the knee of one other persent. caressed, another has his beard pulled or his mustache, the

or

same

hair;

has his hat thrown

one

on

the ground,

has his stolen. ''Among the spectators there will be to put

some

another

who will disturbance,

end to so much and to seek rather to enter into conversation with the is too courteous not to accede spirits. The medium to the wishes heaval of his clients. At his request the upask the medium

an

and a littletable, chosen by the audience, between the will be the instrument of communication assembly of the living and the troop of spirits who ceases,

have

come

to the meeting."

Upon

it is the natural witnessing these wonders, inclination of the observer to declare that they are

inexplicable.

But

are

they

any

more

wonderful

than

electricity. X-rays, wireless telegraphy, or the phonograph? Everything does not understand the savage he attributes to magic. The American Indian, when he first saw were

by

and heard a piano thought that singing-birds imprisonedMn the case of the instrument. We are frank to admit that the phenomena described Dr.

Lapponi

and kindred demonstrations vouched for by other investigators are not to be easily explained. But it seems logical to suppose that they are to us more

caused by physical forces not yet known

but beginning

AND

SPIRITISM to

realized by to believe that they

be dimly

than

the are

HYPNOTISM more

155 scientists

advanced

the work

of the spirits of

the dead.

be remembered

It must

tricks

justas

marvelous

Hindu

that the

and without

making

fakirs do any

that their magic is the work of spirits. in his ''Spiritisme dans le Monde," Jaccolliott,

claim

relates

what he has seen done in full daylight by a fakir whom Benares : he met by chance near "I meant to take him by surprise," says the French investigator, ''and on his arrival told him it was my desire to see the miracle of the immediate germination

and the speedy growth of the plant. " in all sim1 am at your service,' he replied to me plicity. I was disconcerted, but replied somewhat select the earth, the vase quickly, 'Will you let me and the seed that you my "

eyes?' The

vase

be taken from "I told my

are

going

to

make

germinate

the seed, yes; but the earth ant's hill and finely pounded.'

and an

domestic

under

must

provide the earth indicated, and to prepare it as the fakir had said; also to bring me a flower vase with a handful of different kinds of seed. In less than a quarter of an hour my domestic returned, bringing his hand

all the

and

to

objectsdemanded.

then

sent

him

I took them

wishing to let the fakir. Taking the

away,

not

hold any intercourse with earth from my hand and placing it in sprinkled it slowly with a littlewater

him

a

vase,

the fakir

reciting I know to give him the

Then he begged me what prayers. yards of any seed I had chosen and some

not

from

kind of stuff.

I casually to

DUAL

THE

iS6 took

it.

mark

a

poppy

Receiving

MIND

seed a

and asked permission reply in the affirmative, I

tiny littlenotch in the outer seed and gave it to him, with some a

made

covering

yards

of the

of white

muslin. 'Now ''

I will sleep with the sleep of the spirits,' 'swear not to touch my said the fakir to me, person or I have prepared.' the vase "I promised what he asked me. seed in the earth which the water

him.

had

then planted the reduced

to

the

then directing his stick to the edge of the he covered it up entirely in the muslin I had given Then he leant his body forward, spread his two

state of vase,

He

mud;

horizontally

arms

passed into thus for two muscular

over

the preparation

and

a

gradually He stayed

complete state of catalepsy. hours without the slightest movement tremor to indicate the presence of life. a

body

the

sun

or

Quite

shining and tanned by the sun, and eyes open and fixed, the fakir resembled a bronze in a pose of mystic invocation, I did not lose statue instant. After two long hours of sight of him for one and

naked,

waiting, gave

a

with

when

gentle sigh and to go

touched

the horizon,

returned

to

life.

He

the fakir

beckoned

the muslin which and, unwrapping a fresh and green young covered the vase, showed me Guessing my poppy plant, about two centimeters high. doubts, the fakir shook the earth, which had become to

me

nearer,

of the quite dry again, off the tender plant, and on one husks of the seed, which stilladhered to the root, two I had made two hours me the notch which showed

before.

No

substitution had been possible, because he

AND

SPIRITISM was

absolutely naked,

HYPNOTISM

because

157 tell that I

he could not because I had

had chosen a poppy seed, and let him go out of my sight. After for some moments, my amazement

never

enjoyingthe

once

sight of

the fakir said, with

air of badly dissembled pride : 'If I continued the evocation, in eight days the poppy would flower and in a fortnight b"ar fruit.' an

"

"

feat of the

This

by other proved fair reason to to be no

fakir has

been

travelers, and there would seem doubt that the Hindu wonder

excel

demonstration

any

or spiritualistsof Europe poni finds that there is no

can

workers

of magic America.

equal

or

accredited to the Indeed, Dr. Lap-

essential difference between

acles and spiritism, and whether the mirby the assistance of the dead, as are performed the spiritualists believe, or by occult powers of the Orient, they spring from the same source. magic,

necromancy,

It is known

that the Hindus

are

the greatest

notists hyp-

in the world. An adept has been known to place himself in a cataleptic condition by means gestion of auto sugand then permit himself to be buried for a number he is dug out of his grave at the When of weeks.

end of the appointed seemingly We are

no

worse

time he

the normal state, for his brief residence in the tomb. resumes

to suggest an going of explanation these wonders that is too speculative to be accepted as a It is not an scientific conclusion. established law or as a curious theory than principle, and we offer it more now

anything

else.

Some

years

City, Missouri,

ago

who

there

was

possessed

a

young

man

the curious

in Kansas

hypnotic

or

DUAL

THE

158

MIND

.

his hands

of spreading

power

magnetic

over

a

pack

of

cards and causing any particular card asked for to creep to him without being touched out of the deck and come He by his hands or any other visible material agency.

did not himself know

he did it,but believed that he

how

the card and caused it to obey his command. if it can be proved to be possible to extend influence and suggestion to what we call inanimate

hypnotised

Now, hypnotic

the objects,

for at

miracle The

once.

counted would be acfurniture, the piano

of table turning

dancing

of the poppy without hands, the quick growing fakir, all would be explained by the theory that the subconscious mind, under certain favorable conditions,

played Hindu

could impart

its powers

to

inanimate

objectsand

them to obey its commands. compel This theory of man's material mental control over might be considered logical under the acceptance objects

of either one of two different philosophical conclusions. If the theories of the metaphysical school of Kant if all matter is be tenable and Schopenhauer

objective

"

and illusory and it would follow

conscious as

could subjectivity

a

matter

play what

life is the only

of

course

reality, then

that the creative

tricks it would

with its own

illusion.

If the chair existed only as the subjective mind created its image and placed it where it stood, then it Hot be possible for the creative mind of would why leg, defying to cause one man the chair to stand on the laws of gravitation and inertia ? There is another point of view from which it would mate inanibe logical to give the mind of man over power matter.

If

we

HYPNOTLSM

AND

SPIRITISM

the conclusions

accept

the immanence

and

159 believe in

of those who

universality of the life principle in

then mineral, vegetable and animal alike control which the dominant, eager mind of the man

all matter any

had

"

"

the

over

sluggish

of the material This speculation,

consciousness

be natural and logical. followed up, carries us too far from the purpose of our work, and yet it is so intimately connected with the

objectwould

higher psychic phenomena Upon this hypothesis,

for the which To

that it is worth

it would

not

consideration. be supernatural

to be

able to influence the inanimate he finds about him. man

leave speculation aside, however,

let

objects see

us

what

is the scientificconclusion of the world, so far as a conclusion has been reached, in reference to spiritualistic phenomena. Prof. Crookes,

while not

denying

suggests that they

phenomena,

occur

we

operate see

cannot

under

not

against nature's knowledge of those laws.

laws, but against our present There be occult forces of may which

the reality of the

perceive with

certain supernormal

nature, our

for instance,

senses,

but which

conditions when

the effect of their manifestations. Dr. Lapponi frankly throws up his hands

and

we

cries,

in effect, that the matter is not to be explained and the inference is that he really believes in the supernatural character of the manifestations. He concludes that ''spiritism in its genuine made

of physical

up

of quite

a

and

special nature,

the ordinary

conditions

psycho-biological

form

is

phenomena without parallel of any kind in In close of cosmic economy.

THE

i6o touch

DUAL

MIND

ward Afterand perhaps identical with it is telepathy." he adds that "spiritism is the manifestation of a

preternatural

order

of

Its phenomena can by illusions, hallucinations,

activity.

be partially explained treachery, or fraud, or by the particular physico-pathological conditions of the mediums and their assistants. only

In

cases

many

no

physical

probable explanation. known laws of nature.

laws

Others

can

give

likely

a

contradict the best Spiritism of to-day is identical again

with magic and the necromancy of the Greeks, Romans, and of the Middle Ages." It has

or

of the

been

and noted that spiritualistic mediums, firm believers in the phenomena are others who of the for the hypnotist. cult, are especially good

subjects

They

fall under

by necessarily

the influence easily and are easily controlled This, however, not suggestion. would hypnotism are mean that spiritism and

allied, but that the spiritualist is by

by

training

a

sensitive person,

nature

as

easily thrown

well

into

as an

The student is not advised to condition. abnormal permit his investigations to carry him too far into the that unless he is sure realm of spiritisticphenomena he

can

that

is not

keep firmly anchored in his own mind the belief he witnesses are not the demonstrations supernatural, but are the workings of a natural law which

understood. by most It is admitted yet

investigators

that the phenomena

is of littleor no practical produced by mediums The the unknown spirits they call up from value. No but they are be mischievous, wise. may seldom alleged to be from the beyond has added communication

SPIRITISM

HYPNOTISM

AND

i6i

of the world regarding the anything to the knowledge No hereafter. question of the problem of life vexed and death has been settled. If the alleged spirits have obtained

any

humanity

to

their mediums

information know, or

they

for it would be good it through not imparted

that have

otherwise.

CHAPTER

XIV

SUGGESTIVE

might safely be ITbeHef which

THERAPEUTICS

an

made

that any

axiom

idea

or

stands the test of ages contains somewhere No matter how false it the element of truth.

how false it may certain times, no matter be proved in part, if it survive it must possess some grain So it is with alchemy, of the eternal, which is truth. may

appear

that

ancient

so

at

science

the energies of absorbed for centuries then lived

which

wise and able men further centuries of

many

through

is to-day, under

scorn

incredulity and

and

the simpler title of the transmutation

of metals, receiving the serious attention of the savants. It has, in fact, been proved to be at least partly true. So it is with suggestive therapeutics which under one

The

or

name

theory

another has existed as has been flouted and

long

as

civilization. jeeredat, has been

denounced

by church and state but has still survived, and there are few, if any, scientificmen of repute living healing is a to-day who will not admit that mental real and vital force. Where are cures affected through

they

are

brought

about

suggestive

apeutics ther-

the simply through his body. This being

action of the patient's mind over it is natural to find that the science has been most so diseases. It has valuable in the case of purely nervous proved

especially efficacious in the 162

case

of insomnia

SUGGESTIVE

THERAPEUTICS

163

and itsaction is very easy to understand. The patient has simply obtained the power of producing sleep at will. In other words he compels his disorder to give before the strength of his mind. The are obvious. advantages of such treatment is had to ordinary medical science Where recourse way

introduced into the body which may relieve the pain and remove the symptoms of the disease locically that the patient suffers from, but must drugs

are

injurethe

by their reaction. Where in cases of insomnia it means

system

are

0

narcotics

employed that the patient has

simply to his

drug habit a added has obtained immediate reliefat

original disease and the expense of increased future suffering. have always been in difficulties Medical men over

diseases. As

of fact until they consented to recognize mental therapeutics in most The causes cases they were powerless. of the treatment

nervous

treatment

of

nervous

disorders are by drugs.

solely because

they

a

matter

usually obscure and incapable of They yield to mental treatment are

mental causes. The fundamental law

largely brought

about from

which the science of mental be stated thus : All sensatherapeutics is based may tions, body are functions, and conditions of the absolutely know by We the subjective controlled mind. positively that through the influence of the subjective mind, normal conditions can be made abnormal, and on

it is surely reasonable to expect then that the reverse would be true, i.e. that abnormal conditions could be

brought back to normal

through

the

same

agency.

MIND

DUAL

THE

i64

has actually been acthe proof of what complis by suggestive therapeutics is too ample and for it to be necessary to argue the authenticated

However

premises.

hypnotic

Simple those

are

methods

usually

adopted

by

therapeutics as a means adopt mental of The process is excellently described by fessor Prohealing. Law in his book Hudson entitled: 'The of Psychic Phenomena." who

*'I begin

benefit is to

by

saying

be

derived

to

the

from

patient that the

use

I believe

of

suggestive therapeutics, and that it is possible to relieve him, or him, through hypnotism; cure that there is nothing

about it; that it is an ordinary sleep, or torpor, which can be induced in every one, and that this quiet, beneficial condition restores equilibrium either hurtful

of the 'Tn

or

nervous

strange

system.

.

.

it required

some

a

they could do their part. by the operator but by

directs.

merely

remedial

.

It is not

agency.

The

of training sleep is brought

course

The

before on

not

The operator patient. the hypnotic sleep that is the the

sleep may

be induced

for the

thus of giving rest to the body and mind, itself. But for treatment it the agency of making diseases and disorders where suggestion is employed becomes a favorable condition for sugthe sleep gesting

purpose

merely,

to the patient such

Where treatment

the

things

as

are

desired."

patient suffers from local pains the usual is for the operator to pass his hands gently a

exercise a mild simply affected parts, or pressure. It is curious to note that if a third person over

THERAPEUTICS

SUGGESTIVE

is in

165 the

touch

the

contact

will either not be noticed at all, or else it will the subjectinto a state of irritation bordering

throw on

patient, who

a

state,

mesmeric

paroxysm.

While

has

much

through

been done

hypnotism,

pure

mesmeric

obtained where

the

in mental therapeutics best results have been

influence is employed.

Under

notist mesmeric conditions the oral suggestion of the hypis supplanted by telepathic suggestion which is equally as potent, and in addition there is a positive dynamic force exerted by the mesmerist the upon

patient. There

is

a

even

important

more

consideration

to

be taken account

of where mesmeric conditions prevail. is himself to some degree in a subconmesmerist scious condition. He is therefore able to diagnose the

The

patient's condition intuitively. diagnosis is much subconscious correct

than the

methods objective

Such

instinctive

more

likely to

which

are

or

be

employed

by the hypnotist. To

up, there

sum

are

superiority of mesmeric those of pure hypnotism. suggestion engages

and

that

partly mental,

We

mental

mysterious which

we

for the powerful reasons in therapeutics over methods two

Firstly, it combines oral it Secondly, suggestion. power, term

partly

animal

physical

and

magnetism. in knowledge

to sufficiently advanced know really is, or what is the nature what mesmerism human being is able to of the mystic force which one All that we know is that another. exercise over

the

are

not

experiences

of

numerous

persons

conclusively

that there

prove

by

directed

the

MIND

DUAL

THE

i66

exists

a

certain power

conscious

mind

man,

of

be

can

which and

under

be used to beneficial ends. restrictions, can Collated proofs demonstrate that mesmeric passes cause

certain

a

the

on

sensation

similar to that produced

In

passes

are

by

a

the

subject somewhat

mild shock

this effect is produced

cases

some

of

part

made

by

an

of electricity.

even

the

when

operator

several standing hundred feet away from force of the subject. The to be controlled by the temperament the effluence seems

and personality of the operator,

but the laws

of the subjectare beyond present knowledge. has laid down Professor Hudson this phase

that govern

the scope

the law

of

our

in therapeutics

is actively and intellige suggestion it is always effective." employed tion law must depend for its interpretaof course

that:

This

"When

"actively and the meaning given to the words intelligently." It may be, however, stated as axiomatic, in proportion that an individual responds to treatment on

to his power

his power

of receiving suggestions,

of receiving

suggestions

the power and skill of the operator. Some persons respond readily to while others require After a patienb has been can

easily be brought

a

and, further, that is proportional to

suggestive

special course hypnotised a

to the point

where

ment treat-

of treatment. few times he he will grasp

of the operator, actively the suggestions that stage he will accept and after he has reached from his physician therapeutic at any suggestions readily

and

future

time.

THERAPEUTICS

SUGGESTIVE

167

be supposed that a man suffering from his first suggestive a painful disease will be cured on Sometimes treatment. the pain will gradually diminish It must

not

until it finally disappears after the first hypnotization, but in difficult cases is necessary. a series of seances The physical cause of the disease, and the patient's

susceptibility to suggestion

must

always

be taken

into

account.

The

or

physician,

in suggestive thoroughly

operator,

therapeutics the

is most

who

is the

one

realizes most who individuality and

in the

differences

suggestibility of his patients. not be sufficient in all cases.

successful

The

same

While

methods

with

will

individuals

some

is enough to convey a suggessingle word tion, be reasoned with, and a third class others must insinuated. to be gently will require the suggestion In all cases it must be borne in mind that the language a

used

by

the operator

should

be

as

plain and

direct

as

possible. It is of course idea that the quicker an obvious be established in a patient's mind, the quicker and can more pronounced will be the result. For this reason it is well

that

hypnosis

the

should

be

as

deep

as

possible. the lighter stages

However frequently give

develop

excellent

into the

results in such

toothache,

In

also useful as they deeper forms, and often are

lighter ailments

as

ache, head-

therapeutic suggestive schools of Paris and Berlin the attempt is always made In to put the patient into the somnambulistic sleep. the first seance this is not always possible, but some etc.

the

THE

i68 very

DUAL

MIND

results have

extraordinary

been

obtained

where

passed the lighter stages. Is of course Somnambulism tion nothing but a suggesitself,but it is when this condition is produced

the treatment

never

highest

is efficiency of suggestive treatment Cures have been effected while the patient reached. have in the somnambulistic was state which seemed that

the

and there are authenticated instances have where patients suffering from paralysis, who been given up by ordinary doctors as hopeless, have been restored to health by this means. almost miraculous,

One

to which suggestive of the most valuable uses therapeutics have been put is in cases of drink and An other vicious habits. alcoholic patient is placed

hypnotic

under

influence, and he will awakes

he that when is told that He

the operator tells him longer desire liquor. no

the smell of alcholic beverages After the patient has been will be distasteful to him. he will find that he remembers aroused from somnolence even

he was under the of what occurred when control of the hypnotist, but he also finds that his favorite beverages have become disagreeable to him. nothing

Many

persons

addicted to drink, or drugs, that they their vices by the thought

chained to be unable would are

who

are

They live without them. will admit readily the injurythey are doing themselves, but habituated they argue that their bodies have become to

the

Under

habit

and

to

could

not

stand

they suggestive treatment is false, that they can abandon

anything

are

the

deprivation.

told that this idea

their drugs

but beneficial results, and

that any

without idea that

SUGGESTIVE

THERAPEUTICS

169

stimulants is a mere chimera. Where inveterate in a man vicious habits have become frequently be prolonged for some the treatment must they

really require

such

time, but it rarely fails to be effective, and never

practically

the operator thoroughly understands practices it intelligently.

where

science and It is not

his

find persons submitting to last resort treatment a as they suggestive although have little faith in its efficacy, and are little a not

dubious

as

of which

at

all

to

rare

effects from a science possible injurious It is important for the they know nothing. to

first ascertain

operator

to

towards

the whole

attitude of the patient If he finds him in the

question. his first suggested,

state

of mind disabuse him from

As

error.

patient is influenced he

is nothing

the

harmful

or

soon

should even

care or

should be to before the even

be informed

mysterious

that there

in suggestive

therapeutics, that nothing but benefit need be expected from the treatment, and that the condition in no way differs from that of ordinary sleep. Before

be well to state the going further it may principal diseases and abnormalities which have yielded to

suggestive

therapeutics

to authenticated according in the leading schools by

treated records of cases leading professors of the science : Functional disorders of the organs and

speech;

insomnia

and general headache, and

paralysis; toothache, dipsomania and all forms

and

of drug habitual

of hearing, sight, debility; nervous

chronic earache; manias ; kleptomania

falsehood disobedienc and sexual perversion; in children ; lack of mental balance and moral

THE

lyo

MIND dyspepsia,

lumbago;

rheumatism;

anaesthesia; many

DUAL

of similar nature. the high authority of Professor

and

ailments

On

E. H.

Currier,

York Institute for the instruction principal of the New is made that the statement of the deaf and dumb, Probe cured by hypnotism. fessor congenital deafness can

Currier has cures

were

have

effected

knowledge

that sufficient cases where his personal come under

confirm his belief in the immense in the treatment of this disease.

to

of hypnotism Probably and

declared

value

disease is responsible for more suffering, crime in the modern civilized world, than

no

even

evil is the primal

that of dyspepsia.

This

in innumerable

of the contraction of the liquor Its effects in producing domestic

and

drug

habits.

unhappiness are

cases

which be to

known

be available

on

the

so

great

frequently

culminates

although

vast

no

subject.Moreover,

cause

in crime

statistics

under

can

modern

of living, the dyspeptic rarely obtains any permanent vates relief from drugs and frequently only aggrahis disease. A cure for this terrible shadow on conditions

civilization is as great a blessing as any that medical science, in any of its branches, can offer. is to a large extent Dyspepsia disease a nervous those of its victims among and finds the larger number who have sensitive and highly organized temperaments. It is therefore

by susceptible to treatment Psycho-therapeutics be used to great can suggestion. benefit in all cases of dyspepsia and all those complaints are which Especially

peculiarly

immediately

is this

so

indigestion. with of insomnia, which is

connected

in the

case

SUGGESTIVE difficult to

extremely

THERAPEUTICS in any

treat

171

other

tinguish Dis-

way.

Reuterghem, physicians, such as Dr. van Eeden, have not hesitated to give it as their and Dr. van known for insomnia was opinion that the best cure hypnotism. Incidentally they have unqualifiedly condemned the

use

in the nature

of a soporific, as such drugs merely strengthen the belief of the patient dose, that he cannot go to sleep without his accustomed of a drug habit. and eventually result in the formation fessor Where dyspeptics suffer from loss of appetite, Pro-

Hudson

of anything

has this remarkable to make statement treatment: to the results of hypnotic

in reference 'Tt has often

happened

that

patients

to

whom

it

that they should have a better appetite suggested have not been able to wait until they reached their homes but have gone to a hotel to satisfy their hunger." was

In this connection

there is hardly

a

man

who

cannot

tion. experience the influence of suggesFrequently when one has no thought of eating, a friend will suggest lunch dinner, and or a a the recall in his

own

act as a potent incentive will immediately It is also a frequent experience for a man to appetite. feeling particularly to sit down to the table without

suggestion

and suddenly find his taste for food growing under the influence of a companion's expressed hunger, and also the more of suggestive subtle influence hungry

environment. Conditions are

of speech,

found such true

highly

favorable

in functional as

for

hypnotic

ment treat-

disorders

stammering, cases that in most

of the organs It is unlisping, etc. doubted

of these

unpleasant

THE

172 defects the

DUAL

is found

cause

MIND

in auto

sugestion.

The

organs

perfect but the imagination of the sufferer causes him It is only reasonable to lose control. then to are

regard a

suggestion

as

the most

of effecting

natural method

cure.

Suggestive

therapeutics

is not

of

course

universal hardly prove

ills. It would fevers, such as typhus effective in the case of malignant it may be used to advantage and small-pox, although to relieve certain symptoms arise in connection which

panacea

for

all human

a

the most with such disorders. However valuable field for this science is the broad one of functional nervous diseases. Its value in this direction is enhanced in view

of the fact that the methods have been without employed

which any

have

been

hitherto

definite results.

CHAPTER SUBJECTIVE

XV

AND

MIND

OBJECTIVE

therapeutics

SUGGESTIVE

is

a

treatment

psychic

and is consequently suited essentially to psychic diseases. Nervousness in all its manifestations is unquestio and therefore, to complete is the logical treatment.

psychic syllogism, suggestion The passions and

for

more

under are

man

are

responsible

of his ills and troubles than any other cause When the sun. these two tremendous powers

unbridled

which

appetites of

the

they

can

is

there

limit to

no

havoc

human

bridle is the

Their

create.

the

will, and

If then they of the subconscious mind. in which be loosed from the bondage are they must must reach the subconsciousstrictly held the remedy ness. is the only power known Suggestion to man they

are

born

influence the subconscious mind, and therefore for abnormal the only remedy appetites and their attendant ills. which

A

can

great

deal of

is talked by

nonsense

irresponsible

and ignorant people concerning alleged harmful results from is not the shadow hypnotic There treatment. of ground for such assertions. In all the experience of reputable hypnotism

hypnotists

for medical

reported where with

and

the

use

injuriouseffects

have who has ever case

physicions

purposes

no

of hypnotism which 173

were

has been

caused

used been

attended by its use.

THE

174 The

MIND

DUAL

be used to may of suggestion of course wrong persons, and under certain ends by unscrupulous by however, it is employed Where, rare conditions. a competent and reputable physician or hypnotist there power

be

It injuriousoutcome. possibility of any happens has been cured that a patient who sometimes by hypnotic methods a suffers from relapse but this can

no

nearly always be traced to adverse suggestion. There is stillin the world a considerable amount ignorant scepticism and superstition in regard

can

hypnotism.

It is not

for

uncommon

been

cured by psycho-therapeutics greeted by his friends with a storm ings.

to

has

a

patient who to find his

of

news

sneers

and scoffficially exercised so bene-

of

The

influence which had been by the hypnotist is annulled by the adverse impregnate the environment suggestions of the which patient and he falls back into the clutches of his illness

that

the

It is very

deeply than before.

more

perhaps

hypnotist

the imperative

should

impress

necessity of not

his

upon

allowing

important

subjects

themselves

to

be influenced A

by adverse suggestions. important branch of mental

most

in its relation to surgery. as perfectly as any drug science and

or

can

produce gas known danger of

absolutely no The great disadvantage

with

afterwards. ordinary

It

mechanical

therapeutics

anaesthetics

to

is

anaesthesia to an

the

medical ill effect use

of

is that there is always

certain element of danger to the patient and they are heart disease exists. Of course useless in cases where a

it is hardly

being

necessary

enabled

to

to

perform

the great

value

surgical operations

with

point

out

of no

AND

SUBJECTIVE

turns

on

have

record

complete condition hypnotic methods.

important

hypnotism

operations

difficultoperations

the most

of anaesthesia

to

even

patient,

under

produced

between

differentiation

anaesthesia produce is that the former practically never

A

successful Hundreds of

successfully while the patient

a

An

sufficient,

When

an

aggravating

anaesthesia

this never methods It must however

always

is brought

of

of ether, suffers inflamed. This is frequently

to

cause,

about

by

methods inflammation.

causes

from

as

use

was

other

and

the influence

the

becoming the wound irritation is extremely dangerous and constantly

175

frequently

of pain

result fatally.

where

been performed

absence

renders

and

otherwise

would are

cases

The

patient.

balance

the

which

in

the

to

pain

MIND

OBJECTIVE

death.

cause

through

hypnotic

occurs.

be remembered

that hypnosis

cannot

It or the place of chloroform ether. that the anxiety in which the patient finds

take

often happens

himself

concentraprior to the operation prevents the tion In of mind which is generally essential to success.

every

case

the

greatest

usually necessary

care

to hypnotise

has

been

used

child-birth, breast amputations, painful pretend can

can

be reached

successfully and

in

during

cases

of

other

exceedingly but it is useless to

precarious operations, be generally used that it can

and

it is

the patient several times

before the required depth of sleep which it will be safe to operate. Hypnotism

be taken, and

must

in surgery,

take the place of material anaesthetics. Experiments by Bernheim conducted

and

or

others

DUAL

THE

176

MIND

be brought can that actual structural changes Both Bernheim about by oral suggestion. and Moll a was stamp relate details of cases postage where applied to the back of patients and a blister raised by

prove

telling them

that it

was

by

conducted leave no doubt as

a

mustard

others

and

to the truth

ments plaster. Experifully authenticated

of this thesis.

It may

be therefore, laid down

be affected under It may be not

that physiological processes purely hypnotic conditions.

can

of place to revert here to an obstacle which has stood in the way of the advance of psychic healing in all ages. That is lack of faith.All the psychic healers from Christ down have emphasized out

to be looked for. necessity of faith if any benefit was At present, as in the past, it is a common thing to hear people say that ''it (psychichealing)is all very well for credulous people, but it can never be of any use to

In the present believe in such things." this is natural enough, but state of psychic knowledge That misit is entirely based on a misapprehension. apprehen

me

for I do not

consists in a general belief that the desired mental attitude is related to the faith of the

mind. objective own mind is as suggestion of one's objective his mentality as that of another. potent over subjective The law therefore follows that whatever the state of

The

the

""

if he will passively, his

mind, objective subject's

assume

to have

faith either actively, or mind subjective be controlled and the desired result will be obtained. can The whole science of physic healing is contained in the

two

words

"

passivity

and

suggestion.

The

co-

AND

SUBJECTIVE of the

operation the

objectivemind himself

subjectallows

MIND

OBJECTIVE

to

177

is not

relapse

essential. into a state

If of

passivity he is susceptible to the reception of suggestion. degree at least he becomes hypnotic, and results To some are

proportionate

in their beneficence to the extent

to

be It should however that a hypnotic state is not an essential remembered Where a condition. perfect condition of faith exists in the both his that is to say, where objective subject, which

and

subjectis hypnotised.

the

minds subjective

are

in

a

receptive mood,

the best

be obtained without recourse to hypnosis. results may This is demonstrated in the cases of psychic healing have occurred at such places as the shrine at which Lourdes,

and

cured but they

had

The persons the sacred places of India. at these places were seldom in a hypnotic state,

implicit faith both

It is obvious

obtained

and

conscious

unconscious.

successful results will be favorable, conditions are most

that the most

mental where depends largely on justas in medical science success favorable physical conditions. is most Hypnosis valuable in cases the of the patient where mind

objective

is in accord with the idea of mental healing. In cases where the individual is not open to argument and will to the value of psychic healing it as not be convinced is generally

be entirely the exercise of its functions during the

essential that the

from suspended period in which suggestions Outside of persons who

mind objective

are are

given. absolutely convinced of the best results will be

the efficacy of mental healing secured in the case of individuals who

are

not

obsessed

THE

178 by strong to submit

DUAL

but prejudices,

MIND an

with

are

mind

willing All that is required from

the treatment.

to

open

is that they shall become passive, neither exerting their will in favor of nor against the operator, and be

them

willing to exercise patience

With

persons to

necessary a

of

cure

it is usually

of training before be They must effected.

to

a

be

can

perseverance.

temperament

nervous

subjectthem

permanent

and

course

to the point where they will accept gradually brought is possible, and the day that they the belief that a cure believe that without reservation, they will be practically is normally Everybody open to suggestion, and cured.

opposition is caused by fear, scepticism,

artificialbarriers erected or adverse influences. human being is influenced to a greater

Every or

normal less extent by

through

the mental

him.

Environment

mental

healing.

plays

A

man's

own

a

attitude of those around important part in very faith may be perfect, but

will be seriously retarded in his efforts to reach health through if he is constantly methods psychic by persons are of sceptics. A man surrounded who he

strong

character

influences, but sick have as

men

not

who

the

in the are

be

would

these

counteract

under consideration it is dealt with, and who naturally

cases

being

same

to

able

control

over

their mind

and

will

their healthier brethren. The

physician, of mental healing

practises the art will find that his labors bring their suggestions of health and wellbeing,

or

The reward. he endeavors which own

favorably upon

other person

to

convey

who

to

his patients, react

himself and tend unconsciously

to bring

AND

SUBJECTIVE

MIND

OBJECTIVE

179

about a highly desirable condition of perfect health. healer is It is remarkable a that, following a seance, usually able to indulge in a calm and dreamless sleep is

which

been

of the firstrequisites to health. His subconsciou mind receives the impressions which he has

one

attempting

mind objective

commands

perfectly

the exercise of power

reverse

of

great

mind and in another into execution leaves

physical

to are

never

his benefit. generally

as

he

can

a

this way tax

The

followed but

exhaustion

injurious, especially

In

quiescent.

by the healer is

his energies, but redounds of the successful healer feeling of

to

convey

to put the

endeavoring the

to

at

upon

efforts

by

a

this is the once

restore

his vitality by sound and pure sleep or entirely prevent This exthis lassitude by previous auto suggestion. haustio is exactly in proportion to the extent of his success

with

his patients.

it is always to be rememgiving suggestions bered to present good that it is not sufficient merely suggestions to the mind of the patient but it is essential In

to

remove

bad

Persons

turn of a hypochondriacal firstbe inculcated with a desire for health ones.

of mind must and a belief that they

persons who gain it. Many have suffered for a long time from some chronic trouble fall into a despondent in which they not only state can

believe that they will never be well again, but even lose Before any good results can their desire for health. be effected in such cases it is essential that this morbid Once the desire for health has condition be removed.

been

restored and strengthened, been brought to believe that not

and only

patient has is posrecovery the

THE

i8o

DUAL

MIND

sible but easy, the path of the healer has from its greatest difficulties. The

been

freed

of a healer increases in proportion as it is exercised. After he has obtained a moderate command his over mind he can do much to relieve power

subjective

the suffering of others, and his abilityto do greater

and

greater

It is not

success

every

desirable to attempt

or

necessary

will grow that he attains.

incapable of carrying out be merely scientific lines would are

who

along thrown

into

Others

would

of mind

and

through

a

an

investigation

bewildered

and

of confusion by such treatment. frame be brought to an argumentative state

be placed

would

in

their efforts to combat Many people who would

healer.

the

apeutics. of a patient in the theories of mental therPersons who have had no scientifictraining,

education

and

always

with

so

an

adverse

condition of the

the arguments

be unwilling

to accept

based therapeutics are mental which This is simply because may stillbe cured by its agency. is so constituted that he will grasp at straws mankind he is drowning troubling himself to when without the

theories

that

reason

That

a

on

straw

cannot

save

with the patient is not necessary is shown by the experiences of the school cure healers who practise what is known as "absent

actual contact

to effect

a

of mental treatment."

Urider their system

to make

appeal to the

The

any

healer sits alone

hypnotic

condition.

it is not

necessary

of the patient. places himself in a partially

and He concentrates

telepathically to

even

mind objective

the patient and addresses him appeals

him.

as

if he

his mind were

the patient's

present.

upon

He

mind subjective

AND

SUBJECTIVE

with him

and argues

patient

makes

suggestions

to him

are

obvious

telepathic suggestions

in

if the

manner

same

was

There

and

i8i

that he would employ actually sitting in front of him.

the

exactly

MIND

OBJECTIVE

to this system. The advantages do not rise above the threshold

direct to of the patient's consciousness, but are made the subjective mind which, being constantly amenable It abandons idea to control accepts them. the abnormal one of disease and accepts the normal of health. The patient is necessarily in a receptive condition for he is

of the telepathic suggestions, and receives in his being aroused without any antagonism

aware

not

them

conscious ego. The

only

treatment

obstacle which

is

exists to

this method of caused by our habits

purely artificialone We have become so accustomed to regardof thought. ing distance as a tangible thing that it is hard for us to a

realize that where exist. There is no

is concerned if does not in India should why a man

the mind reason

be able to communicate in America, and there is

not

as

mentally

soon

is

there

as

no

no

one

such

telepathically with a person doubt that this can be accomplis has convinced himself that thing

distance.

as

The

of the absent treatment school shows that in a majorityof cases the best results have been reached in absolute ignorance the patient was where of the experience

influence being patient

exercised on be in ignorance

should but where he is himself or

his friends

the danger

are

aware

cognisant

of adverse

his

behalf.

is not

That

the

a

sine qua non that he is being treated,

of the fact there is always

suggestions

exercising

a

malign

THE

i82

DUAL

MIND

influence either through his own scepticism, or that of those who form his environment. As a general rule healers refuse to give absent treatment to

persons

been

letters have

they

whom

sufficient in

have

seen

not

some

cases

although

to

establish is treatment

Usually communication. hour and lasts from fifteen to given at an appointed In instances where thirty minutes. patients have received it is generally treatment to a easy personal the

necessary

at a distance. establish communication Concentration of mind and physical passivity be sought two great achievements which must

healer

the

patient. that on

while It must

alone

be

moreover

functions

physical

have

an

is required

or

the

for by of

the

always

remembered important bearing

in reaching these goals. drinking has been where

success

meal,

passivity

are

After

a

indulged

heavy

in, it

is useless to attempt form of psychic to produce any is essential, and Physical temperance phenomena. for a single day will not be abstinence from excess sufficient. A the physical

regular

over

and into the harmony brought requisite for unusual results. This great principal is well in the Orient where the savants endure long

mind^anbe decided or

appetitesjs

recognized fasts and keep under

severe

minds

may

required

in restraint exercised before the body necessary

course

and

their physical constant

passions and appetites restraint in order that their

is reach that degree of detachment which for the highest development of the mental

powers.

There

are

certain schools of mental

healers who

pro-

AND

SUBJECTIVE

MIND

OBJECTIVE

183

all diseases and ailments by mental methods alone and prohibit the use of drugs or any other agency. One of but often dangerous. This is not only wrong

fess to

the

cure

of the power

sources

great

of drugs

is that the

conscio patient believes in their efficacy and consequently is una patient practising mental healing. Where believes in the value of material medical science he

be permitted

always

should

to

indulge

in that belief

mental healing should not and there is no reason why be practised in perfect accord with material medicine. A famous London not himself an surgeon, who was to

therapeutics, once science of mental of dyspepsia. related how he had cured an old woman He stated that he had examined his patient and found

adherent

the

ever, She had, howhypochondriac. pronounced faith in his skill and insisted upon his unbounded giving her a prescription. The doctor did not believe her to be

a

that he could give her any drug which in order to get rid of her he had so

would some

help her, pills compounded

consisted solely of sugar and water. He told the old lady to take two of these pills in a glass every night before going to bed, and assured of water her that she would soon be well. which

He

and

forgot

all about his patient and her queer prescriptio later when until a few weeks she reappeared informed him with the greatest joy that she was

a fresh supply nearly cured and demanded of the marvelous a simple matter of course pills. It was of mental healing, but in this instance the faith of the patient hinged on the skill of the doctor. The pills were was

the

concrete

sign

on

which

her belief rested, and

the

THE

i84

DUAL

MIND

have been the same no matter result would what the ingredients might have been. harmless The ill-directedzeal of enthusiasts has been responsible

for much of the injurythat the cause healing has suffered, and the comparatively

of mental slow

ress prog-

that it has

In theory mental therapeutics made. is capable of healing all the illsthat flesh is heir to, but in practice this is far from being the case. If all mankind was agreed upon the absolute infallibility of mental healing, and

practised it with perfect faith and understanding, be but a there is littledoubt that it would

short

from which

before

time

disease

practically vanish would Unfortunately this is a condition the earth. is hardly likely to be realized in the present

the at all events, and in the meantime generation field of usefulness of mental healing is comparatively It depends to a very to define. limited but hard large

extent

also

and

to

upon

the

individuality

of the healer. disease in one case

that

on

find

a

of the patient It is not quent infreincurable, which in another. Its

to the treatment readily surrenders diseases is definite and value in nervous

it is the only

and

reliable

means

to

far-reaching,

effect

a

cure

in

of hysteria and neurosis. hysterical conditions exist it is necesWhere severe sary that the patient be separated from his environment

cases

and kept under constant that is effected he must if they It must most

are

not

care

not

adverse. be imagined

during

the

return

to

cure,

and when

his old associations

that hypnotic

sleep is the

favorable condition for the reception of suggestion.

AND

SUBJECTIVE

MIND

OBJECTIVE

185

On

the contrary, the ideal condition is that of natural sleep. As perfect passivity is the first requisite for the reception of suggestions, and as passivity reaches its highest point during natural sleep, it necessarily follow^s to that the latter is the best possible state in which influence tliepatient. The mind being at all

subjective

times

awake

suggestion

produced

alert, the patient is

and

while slumbering through hypnotic

susceptible to sleep is when

as

naturally as In the former means.

state

the patient is conditions are similar to those where In both the impressions treated by the absent method. do not rise above the threshold of the consciousness of the

antagonism The

is therefore

there

patient, and

with the

no

mind. objective

most

perfect condition which both the healer and the patient are sleep. This may sound strange and

but it is by

possibility of exist is where

can

enjoyingnatural even

impossible,

by suggestion is made the healer before he sleeps, and is carried out by his subjectiv is in a that faculty mind during slumber when no

means

so.

The

its greatest power. In order that should not be disturbed by physical

condition to exert

these conditions it is necessary causes

that with both healer and patient the processes of digestion should be as light as possible. They very should both go to sleep after partaking lightly of some easily digestible food. The

healer

possessed of

an

must

of

earnest

course

desire to

in cure

the

first place

the patient.

be He

his then, prior to going to sleep, concentrate he wishes it to do and direct his on the work mind subconscious mind to employ itselfduring the hours of

should

THE

i86

DUAL

MIND

sleep in influencing the patient in the direction of health. Directions can be specific where the nature of the disease

but

is known,

the suggestion the detail

can

even

is not

available

A large amount will stilloperate. of intuitive always be left to the marvellous

of the

powers

if this information

mind subjective

a

with

certainty of successful

results.

Nowhere

can

and its ant attendgreater degree, or

of suggestion

be

to a observed favorable conditions, than

phenomena more

under

the power

in the

case

of

children. The young child is almost entirely under the influence of its The mind. mind objective subjective is the product development is of growth and and in

a

act,

purely

or

word,

faith

gesture

the child who by that shown

as

Every the young. of an subconadult influences sciously blind accepts it with the same state

embryonic

a

with

person

first defi.nitetendencies

The

Next child are hereditary. intellectual qualities which

a

in

a

which

state are

of hypnosis. noticeable in

appear are

certain elementary exercised in a purely

Love a manner. sense unconscious of parents, of Later be noted. desire for knowledge a justice, may

the moral

appears character

it and

are

going

but all of these elements of to be influenced for life by the suggestions

senses,

which the child receives from the adults about its physical environment. Under such circumstances itis hardly necessary to point out the tremendous

the charge and others having or of children refraining from any action, language, have an invidious effect upon their emotion which may

importance

charges.

of parents

The

effect of

a

violent display of anger

on

AND

SUBJECTIVE

the part of an adult, for example, lasting influence over a perhaps

hand

MIND

OBJECTIVE

will have an evil and child. On the other

a

child will unconsciously absorb of restraint if he receives the proper

power

from

187

a

and

sense

suggestions

his guardians.

As

the suggestions which are given to a child will probably Influence its whole life and character, there be no argument to the vast importance as can of these being

suggestions

good

The

ones.

great

tempera evil of in-

be entirely remedied will probably never is commenced until the cure with the training of the Repeated and continuous suggestions as to children. in alcoholic the evils and dangers of overindulgence liquors will have a greater effect in forming the habits and tastes of children in their later lives than all the laws

could

which

of the world. An extremely

be passed by all the legislatures

ever

instance of the power

common

the minds

over

be frequently observed they

which

gestures.

of children, and one among adults, is the

will unconsciously A

child at

a

reproduce

circus, absorbed

gestion of sugthat may in

manner

and

grimaces

in the performance

grimreproduce the aces This and gestures of the objectof its absorption. is none the less extremely phenomenon quite common of

a

clown,

will unknowingly

curious and interesting.

It may

be often observed

even

persons who are constantly under the full grown influence of their A great actor can minds. objective bring the tears to the eyes of his audience although they

among

are

fully

merely

that all that is passing before them make-believe. The power of the suggestion aware

is

of

DUAL

THE

i88

MIND

the artist is greater than the influence of their

objective

minds. Some

instances of the power of suggestion remarkable have been collected and are vouched for by Professor Hudson. He a relates instances where strong

purgative

pill has been

under the power its effect but has was

a

of

reversed and

a

patient, and

only

failed of

caused sleep. The patient influenced to believe that it was an opiate The has been experiment purgative.

course

of instead

to administered of suggestion has not

actually

patients have

been induced

to take opium

pillsunder the belief that they were purgatives result being precisely that of the suggestion. It is not

an

thing

uncommon

become

to

find

women

with the

and

illfrom

the scent of certain the taste of certain perfectly harmless fruits. have been known strawberries produced where

sometimes flowers, or

Cases

men

who

certain individuals the effects of violent poisoning, have been known nary to faint from the imagiand women perfume of a bouquet which was artificial. Where

on

it will generally be observed due to the power are of suggestion, in the firstinstance by the connection of are

such phenomena found that they

brought

about the fiowers or man

fruit with a previous illness. Thus a fallen ill from eating bad strawhas once berries who is liable to have afterwards a strong aversion

to that fruit, and

may

be strong

highly when

under

enough

sensitive person

the scent

of

roses

certain conditions this aversion to cause Similarly a sickness. may

be taken

is strong

sick at a time in her environment

AND

SUBJECTIVE

MIND

OBJECTIVE

189

and afterwards be affected unpleasantly to a greater or less degree by the perfume of the rose. fection influence which The exact suggestion plays in inis difficult to decide but it certainly enters into

largely There

are

numerous

have

women

individual's susceptibility to

an

on

cases

through

gone

record

and

terrible epidemics in their own minds

the most

This

is most

in the instance of priests and religious believed that God persons who profoundly preserve them from harm. that nervous the other hand it is well-known and

commonly

would On

observed

imaginative

people whose influenced by the thoughts

liable to fall

plays The the ailment.

suggestion

has

men

where

scatheless, being perfectly convinced that they could not contract the disease.

most

disease.

been

known

school purely girl becoming

handle

a

a

fear of sickness are the to it. In nervous ailments important

afflictionknown to

constantly

and

prey very

being

are

minds

extend

to

in spreading St. Vitus's dance

part as

every

pupil in

a

girls

the suggestion afforded by one It was almost impossible to attacked.

through

the situation until every

pupil had

been isolated

ease. the trouble was when stopped with comparative An example of the power of suggestion in this connection

which the

manner

Under

favorable conditions

of people which

One

is familiar to every one be found in may in which be communicated. a can yawn

yawning may

of the most

or

one

simply may

not

important

person

through

can

set

a

roomful

telepathic suggestion

be unconscious. phases

of mental

ther-

iQo

THE

DUAL

apeutics is that

a

who

be his

man

MIND in the science

beHeves

can

aid from a second factor which a person. powerful be used to great advantage in curing can not merely disease but in preventing it. The man trains his who mind

own

to

physician without Auto suggestion is

believe that

he

any

cannot

disease

contract

and

persistently denies the adverse influence of an unpleasant develop will have succeeded may symptom which in gaining perfect health under normal conditions. Most

they

were

such

as

persons

can

suffering toothache

remember from some or

under

occasions

headache,

unpleasant

which

sensation,

were

relieved being suggestion

and

a more through simply powerful forced upon them. Thus, for example, a man from a severe headache and with his thoughts

suffering

naturally centered on his discomfort suddenly receives intelligence Under of an exceptionally exciting of fortunate event.

format the influence of the new aroused by this inemotions he will usually forget entirely his ailment, the force of the new suggestion has and later on when at all his original suffering subsided if he remembers it will be merely to wonder of it. what became Another instance of physical pain disappearing under

the influence of some be familiar to most

suggestion, powerful people is in the case

which of

will

injuries

of received while the recipient is under the domination in a fight, and overA man come engaged violent emotion.

by his anger, will be almost oblivious to the pain arising from the blows he may receive. Under ordinary in the face would be found to be a a blow circumstances very

painful

injury,but

where

the

mind

is too

fully

AND

SUBJECTIVE to have

occupied

for thoughts

room

MIND

OBJECTIVE

pracof pain, pain tically is extreme example

exist. A more It is well known in warfare.

does

found

not

191

that under the battle a soldier

excitement of the tremendous of a will continue to fight ignoring the fact that he is fatallystress

injuredor These

terribly maimed. facts prove absolutely

save

a

as

he

of the mind.

creature

has complete to pain. will be impervious

follows that if a

would annulled by the

One

a

same

his mind control over Incidents and events

man

will be acting in precisely

suffering

auto

powerful as

manner

him

cause

ordinarily

which

of the first and

Pain is nonexistent It necessarily

thing.

one

suggestion intense excitement most

important

or

laws

emotion.

for the

is that the student of mental therapeutics to remember be kept in a normally healthy attitude. All mind must malign ^motions, such as hatred, envy, discontent, fear,

dejection7~^eact melancholy, mjufiously upon The^ reverse^ is physical being. equally true.

to disease than his

morbidly

minded

brother.

of us to be perpetually contented and cheerful but it is here that auto suggestion will lend powerful aid. If a man will continually persuade himself that his troubles are really Of

course

it is not

The

is possessed with a keen who hundred times more the resisting

cheerful, contented man desire for health has one power

the

an

of far less importance compensations situations, he

balance,

and

environment.

even can

easy

than

in the

matter

they most

for any

seem,

that there

apparently

himself to

an

are

hopeless

equable mental in time will be master of his life and Napoleon, Caesar, Alexander, or any educate

THE

192

DUAL

MIND

minion of the world achieved their doof the great masters because in the first place they had conquered They had taught themselves to believe that themselves. all things they

possible to them, and in that assurance in titanic letters across their names the

were

wrote

history of the world. The novice in auto

suggestion

is frequently

courage dis-

in his efforts and often abandons them because he has a lack of confidence. This is an at the outset

sucobstacle which should be recognized and combated cessfull If, for instance, the beginner is suffering

from

a

headache,

suggestion misgiving

in

a

he usually

half-hearted

that he

can

to promulgate

attempts manner,

do himself

no

and

a

with

a

secret

Under such good. He must summon

circumstances he probably will not. all his resolution to fight that misgiving,

and by repeating is his headache

to himself that and over ceasing, and finally that it has ceased, he will find that the victory will finally be his. More than that he will the power of also discover that his next effort to use over

suggestion

will be much

easier to put into effect, and instance his domination over

succeeding with every himself will grow greater sits enthroned The power present

as

and

important

until his mind

absolute sovereign.

of suggestion certain limits which,

the less definite.

greater

to

conquer

disease has at

while indefinable

In another, and perhaps direction, however, its powers are

are

even

none

more

practically

fail sometimes to suggestion may cure a certain disease, it is almost infallibkasj^means is in any degree master The man prevention. who of unlimited.

While

AND

SUBJECTIVE

MIND

OBJECTIVE

193

of disease to affect him To maintain and he will find that his denial is true. health it is necessary to keep the mind in the attitude himself

deny

can

the power

disbelief of the ability of any disease, to Whenever there is felt the premonition of

of complete harm him.

course gestion sugof auto vigorous in, and in this battle the should be engaged will invariably emerge victor.

mind Auto

is

suggestion

of bad Anyone

a

sickness

approaching

habits

as

the

as

for the eradication of the hypnotist.

powerful suggestion

really desires to rid himself

who

habit

do

of

injurio

some

by the exercise of auto tion suggesbut it is firstof all necessary that the desire be really It very often happens that a man existing and genuine. less or who is, for instance, a drunkard will have more can

frequent moments to

a

obtain

or

a

remorse

mastery

Unfortunately inherent

of

so

over

when he honestly for his propensity

this desire is not

however

wishes liquor.

lasting

or

but superimposed

momentary

by the influence of others, he is doing appreciation of the harm

To eradicate upon him. and those dependent bad habit it is first of all essential that the victim a have a deep and the ever-present desire to conquer

himself

weakness. that

auto

emphasised bar to no

Under

such circumstances is all-powerful. suggestion too

strongly

ultimate

success.

that

an

If

will

find

It cannot

be

he

early the

subject finds

of suggestion fails the firsttime, or firstdozen times, he should not be discouraged. A that the power

is

failure

the man

for the greater part of his lifehas been accustomed to drift without ever really exercising his will power who

THE

194 must

attempts a

to

expect

DUAL

encounter

to call his latent

question

as

to whether

some

MIND difficulty when

forces into being. he has

so

he first

It is simply

far depreciated

to be unable to reanimate as vital powers In rare instances this may happen, mind.

his

his enfeebled where vicious the body and

living and age have completely wrecked mind, but speaking generally it is in the power of every to rehabilitate himself mentally man and physically by

persistent efforts of auto

suggestion.

FINIS

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1909

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