Dolor Abdominal Agudo

 

=

PLOW@VUONMN E@L^VMA N@A @EPMNCV 

GMEPA^MN N@ EO@LEOMU N@ AM NOUEMXMEONMN, M^@LEOÕL XV@DCUXO^MAMVOM _ N@UMU^V@U

EMVV@VM N@ M^@LEOCL XV@DCUXO^MAMVOM _ @L @B@VI@LEOMU

PVI@LEOMU O

NCACV MFNCBOLMA MIPNC

NCE@L^@; Nrm. Xmtroeom Mlmiumlc OL^@IVML^@U; 

Emtmiým Kmyrc



A`õl K`gg`rscl



Bclt`sn`cem @ybo



Bu`lt`s Irme`



_uliml @v`ayl

]POL^C U@B@U^V@ ]PO^C 6868

 

6

ÂLNOE@ OL^VCNPEEOÕL...........................................................................................................................5 N@GOLOEOÕL..................................................................................................................................5 @XON@BOCACIÂM..........................................................................................................................> MLM^CBÂM....................................................................................................................................0 GOUOCXM^CACIÂM........................................................................................................................7 @^OCACIÂM....................................................................................................................................? @WMAPMEOÕL.............................................................................................................................== @vmaumeoõl probmrom...................................................................................................................== @vmaumeoõl s`eulnmrom................................................................................................................=4 ^VM^MBO@L^C XV@DCUXO^MAMVOC.....................................................................................66 D`bcnolíboemb`lt` ol`stmfa`..................................................................................................66 D`bcnolíboemb`lt` `stmfa`.....................................................................................................6> XV@EMPEOCL@U I@L@VMA@U.................................................................................................60 FOFAOCIVMGÂM...........................................................................................................................60

 

5

OL^VCNPEEOÕL   @a ncacr mfncbolma miunc r`pr`s`ltm ulm sotumeoõl pct`leomab`lt` irmv` pmrm `a `lg`rbc, qu` r`quo`r` ul nomilõstoec y trmtmbo`ltc pr`ecz, so`lnc `st` ûatobc `l am bmycrâm n` ams cemsocl`s quorûrioec.ZEO^M^OCL Kob=7 Qp >50 Qa 5846 R   @l pmeo`lt`s nomfïtoecs y mleomlcs, acs sâltcbms su`a`l s`r ol`sp`eâgoecs ecl  pr`s`ltmeoõl mtâpoem, ac qu` nogoeuatm `a nomilõstoec, msceoílncs` m ulm bmycr bcrtmaonmn m b`nonm qu` mub`ltm am `nmn, m pmrtor n` acs 78 mýcs, so`lnc obpcrtmlt` am scsp`edm eaâloem. ZEO^M^OCL Kob=7 Qp >50 Qa 5846 R   Acs eumnrcs eaâloecs qu` mb mb`lmzml `lmzml am vonm n`a pmeo`lt`, y qu`, `s pr`eosc on`ltogoemr ecl am bmycr fr`v`nmn pcsofa` scl; ml`urosbm n` mcrtm mfncbolma, osqu`bom b`s`ltïroem miunm,  p`rgcrmeoõl n`a trmetc imstrcolt`stolma, cfstrueeoõl olt`stolma, võavuac, `bfmrmzc `etõpoec, n`spr`lnobo`ltc pame`ltmroc, OMB, rcturm `spaïloem. ZEO^M^OCL Kob=7 Qp >50 Qa 5846 R

N@GOLOEOÕL   @a ncacr mfncbolma miunc s` ac n`gol` ecbc ul ncacr sûfotc y n` gcrbm uri`lt` qu` vm mecbpmýmnc n` ctrcs soilcs y sâltcbms, acema`s y i`l`rma`s, emrmet`rozmnc pcr ul oloeoc r`p`ltolc, n` `vcaueoõl ríponm y qu` pcr ac i`l`rma mb`lmzm am vonm. Uo fo`l pu`n` croiolmrs` pcr  emusms mfncbolma`s, tmbfoïl pu`n` n`f`rs` m prce`scs `xtrmfncbolma`s c m `lg`rb`nmn`s sostïboems. ZEO^M^OCL BmremncrN`Xcsoeoõl5 Qp 6?> Qa 5846 R   Xu`n` prcir`smr `l pcecs nâms, `stí fo`l acemaozmnc, s` mirmvm ecl `a bcvobo`ltc, ecl am tcs, ecl am r`spormeoõl prcgulnm c ma embfomr am pcsoeoõl n`a eu`rpc. @s bís olt`lsc `l `a auimr  n` am a`soõl, puno`lnc mecbpmýmrs` n` ul mub`ltc n` t`lsoõl `l acs bûseuacs mfncbolma`s y n`

 

> ctrcs sâltcbms p`rotcl`ma`s emusmncs pcr am olgambmeoõl n`a p`rotcl`c pmro`tma. ZEO^M^OCL @bp68 Qa 5846 R

@XON@BOCACIÂM   @a ncacr mfncbolma ma ooiuma iuma qu` `a võbo võbotc tc `s ul sâltcbm gr`eu`lt` ` ol`sp`eâgoec `l am eclsuatm mbfuamtcrom probmrom y `l am ulonmn n` Pri`leom. Ams emusms n`a ncacr mfncbolma scl vmromnms; pmtcaciâms bïnoems oltrmmfncbolma`s ecbc nomrr`m miunm, pmtcaciâms n` r`scaueoõl quorûrioem ecbc mp`lnoeotos miunm, pmtcaciâms `xtrmfncbolma`s ecbc l`ubclâms, pmtcaciâms sostïboems ecbc nomf`t`s y pmtcaciâm guleoclma ecbc `a ncacr mfncbolma r`eurr`lt`. ZEO^M^OCL Nrm Qa =66?4 R @a ncacr mfncbolma miunc ecbpr`ln` mprcxobmnmb`lt` `a 58% n` ams eclsuatms n` uri`leoms. N` acs emscs n` ncacr mfncbolma miunc, `a 08% r`quo`r` dcspotmaozmeoõl y ul 58% m >8% r`quo`r`l eoruiâm. Mprcxobmnmb`lt` `a >8% cfto`l`l ul nomilõstoec `rrõl`c m su olir`sc y scac `a 78% n` acs emscs qu` olir`sml scl nomilcstoemncs ecrr`etmb`lt`, pcr ac qu` vma` am p`lm n`eor qu` `s ul mutïltoec n`smgâc eaâloec. Z EO^M^OCL Wma=? Qa 5846 R N`f`bcs so`bpr` tcbmr `l eu`ltm ma ncacr mfncbolma ol`sp`eâgoec, qu` eclstotuy` ul irml r`tc, ym qu` lc prcpcreoclm soilcs lo sâltcbms pr`eoscs n` loliulm pmtcaciâm `l pmrtoeuamr. Mar`n`ncr n`a 68% ma >8% n` acs pmeo`lt`s qu` meun`l ma s`rvoeoc n` uri`leoms ecl ncacr mfncbolma lc `sp`eâgoec s`ríl `ir`smncs sol ul nomilõstoec eclgorbmnc, mprcxobmnmb`lt` `a 50% s`rí dcspotmaozmnc y dmfrí ul nomilõstoec olecrr`etc `l dmstm `a 07% n` acs pmeo`lt`s, `stc  pu`n` s`r ul gmetcr n`t`rbolmlt` pmrm pmr m r`scav`r acs `rrcr`s qu` s` s ` ecb`t`l `l `a nomilõstoec n` ncacr mfncbolma miunc. Z EO^M^OCL Wma=? Qa 5846 R

 

0 N` acs pmeo`lt`s nmncs n` matm n`a s`rvoeoc n` uri`leoms ecl nomilõstoec n` ncacr mfncbolma ol`sp`eâgoec, n`a 48 ma ?8% s` r`su`av`l sol ecbpaoemeocl`s `l ul p`rocnc n` 6 m 5 s`bmlms m pmrtor n`a `ir`sc. Z EO^M^OCL Wma=? Qa 5846 R Am obpcrtmleom n` ul mn`eumnc nomilõstoec `l ul s`rvoeoc n` uri`leoms s` r`ga`km `l r`suatmncs n` maiulcs `stunocs r`maozmncs, bcstrmlnc ulm bcrtmaonmn n`a 4% n` acs pmeo`lt`s qu` s` nomilcstoemrcl ecrr`etmb`lt`, ecbpmrmnc ecl `a =?% n` acs qu` s` nomilcstoemrcl n`spuïs n` s`r dcspotmaozmncs. Z EO^M^OCL Wma=? Qa 5846 R  

MLM^CBÂM @a mfncb`l eclto`l` acs proleopma`s õrimlcs n`a sost`bm noi`stovc, `lncerolc y urci`lotma, mn`bís n` irmln`s vmscs n`a sost`bm eoreuamtcroc. Am emvonmn mfncbolma s` acemaozm n`fmkc n`a nomgrmibm: sus aâbot`s oleauy`l am pmr`n mfncbolma mlt`rocr, acs du`scs pïavoecs, am ecaublm ncrsc-aubfc-smerm y acs bûseuacs n`a mfncb`l y sus gamlecs. U` novon` `l ncs r`iocl`s, ecl  fms` `l su r`ameoõl ecl `a p`rotcl`c; 

Am emvonmn p`rotcl`ma eclto`l` `a fmzc, `a dâimnc, am v`sâeuam foaomr, `a `stõbmic,  pmrt` n`a olt`stolc iru`sc, am bmycr pmrt` n`a olt`stolc n`aimnc, y acs õrimlcs r`prcnuetcr`s g`b`lolcs.



@a `spmeoc r`trcp`rotcl`ma `s am r`ioõl n` am emvonmn mfncbolma acemaozmnm n`trís n`a  p`rotcl`c, qu` eclto`l` m acs roýcl`s, urït`r`s, urït`r`s , am v`lm emvm olg`rocr, am mcrtm mfncbolma, `a píler`ms, irml pmrt` n`a nucn`lc, `a ecacl mse`ln`lt` y `a n`se`ln`lt`, y `a r`etc. ZEO^M^OCL LM@=? Qp 594 Qa 5846 R

Goiurm =  Mlmtcbâm mfncbolma 

 

7

 Lctm; Acs õrimlcs ufoemncs `l `a `spmeoc p`rotcl`ma, ecl gr`eu`leom prcnue`l p`rotclotos  Lctm; Acs eumlnc s` a`soclml ` oleauy`l vâse`rms sõaonms, du`ems y õrimlcs r`prcnuetcr`s. ZEO^M^OCL  LM@=? Qp 594 Qa 5846 R  @a p`rotcl`c ms`iurm `a scstïl n` acs õrimlcs n` am emvonmn mfncbolma, susp`lnoïlncacs y ma`kílncacs m am pmr`n. X`rbot` m ams vâse`rms n`saozmrs` ulms scfr` ctrms y gmvcr`e` msâ sus bcvobo`ltcs prcpocs. Ms`iurm am r`mfscreoõl n` aâquoncs oltrmp`rotcl`ma`s, `stm r`mfscreoõl lcrbma s` r`maozm `sp`eomab`lt` `l `a dopceclnroc n`r`edc, scfr` tcnc `ltr` `a dâimnc y `a nomgrmibm, dmeom acs aolgítoecs n`a b`nomstolc, pcr b`noc n` acs eclnuetoaacs n` Vmlvo`r, `l  prce`scs olgambmtcrocs c olg`eeocscs, mpcrtm mp crtm `a`b`ltcs n` n`g`lsm prct`âloec, msâ ecbc e`auamr. Z EO^M^OCL Lcr68 Qa 5846 R

GOUOCXM^CACIÂM Am novosoõl n` acs õrimlcs mfncbolma`s `l du`ecs, sõaoncs y vmseuamr`s myunml m `xpaoemr ams bmlog`stmeocl`s n` ams a`socl`s n` tma`s `strueturms, `l tma s`ltonc `lecltrmbcs am soiuo`lt` eamsogoemeoõl;

 

9

^opcs n` ncacr 

 Ncacr Wose`rma; prcvo`l` n` acs õrimlcs sotumncs `l `a olt`rocr n` am emvonmn

mfncbolma (n`lcbolmncs vâse`rms). Acs l`rvocs n` ams vâse`rms lc r`spcln`l ma ecrt`, `a n`simrrc lo am olgambmeoõl. @l auimr n` `aac, acs l`rvocs r`spcln`l ecl `a `stormbo`ltc n`a õrimlc (ecbc eumlnc acs olt`stolcs s` noamtml pcr acs ims`s) c ecl am ecltrmeeoõl n` acs bûseuacs eoreulnmlt`s. @a ncacr vose`rma `s i`l`rmab`lt` vmic, scrnc y lmus`mfulnc. Uu acemaozmeoõl `s nogâeoa n` pr`eosmr. @a ncacr `l am pmrt` sup`rocr n`a mfncb`l to`l` su croi`l `l trmstcrlcs n` õrimlcs ecbc `a `stõbmic, `a nucn`lc, `a dâimnc y `a píler`ms. @a ncacr `l am pmrt` e`ltrma n`a mfncb`l (e`rem n`a cbfaoic) to`l` su croi`l `l trmstcrlcs n` `strueturms ecbc `a olt`stolc n`aimnc, `a ecacl trmlsv`rsc y `a mpïlnoe`. @a ncacr `l am pmrt` fmkm n`a mfncb`l to`l` su croi`l `l trmstcrlcs n`a ecacl soibcon`c y n` acs õrimlcs n`a mpmrmtc i`lotcurolmroc. Z EO^M^OCL Lcr68 Qa 5846 R 

 Ncacr pmro`tma; U` ecrr`spcln` ecl ams rmâe`s l`rvocsms s`ib`ltmroms qu` ol`rvml `a

 p`rotcl`c, su`a` s`r bmremnc y acemaozmnc. Xrcnueonc X rcnueonc pcr orrotmeoõl, pcr mi`lt`s quâboecs c olgambmtcrocs n` ams t`rbolmeocl`s l`rvocsms acemaozmnms `l `a p`rotcl`c  pmro`tma. @k`bpac; pr`s`leom n` smlir`, olg`eeoõl, sustmleoms sus tmleoms quâboems c olgambmeoõl. Z EO^M^OCL Lcr=4 Qa 5846 R 

 Ncacr r`g`ronc; Mqu`a ncacr qu` s` p`reof` `l ulm zclm ma`kmnm n` am gu`lt` n`a

`stâbuac. U` croiolm `l `strueturms vose`rma`s prcgulnms, p`rc ecl pr`s`ltmeoõl sup`rgoeoma. @k`bpac; Plm mp`lnoeotos oloeomab`lt` s` r`go`r` ecbc ulm bca`stom  p`roubfoaoema bma n`golonm (cfstrueeoõl oltrm-mp`lnoeuamr) p`rc su olgambmeoõl y

 

4 eclsoiuo`lt` orrotmeoõl n`a p`rotcl`c pmro`tma acemaozmríl `a ncacr `l gcsm oaomem n`r`edm. Z EO^M^OCL U^P=8 Qa 5846 R

Eumnrc eaâloec   @a ncacr mfncbolma `s `a sâltcbm bís obpcrtmlt`, ssuu mlíaosos mlíaosos ecrr`etc y am olt`rpr`tmeoõl mn`eumnm scl buy obpcrtmlt`s pmrm `a nomilõstoec y eclnuetm m s`iuor. Am olt`lsonmn pcr ac i`l`rma `s bmycr eumlnc am uri`leom mfncbolma s` mecbpmým n` orrotmeoõl p`rotcl`ma. Am acemaozmeoõl n`a ncacr s` n`f` olv`stoimr ncln` s` oloeoõ, so dm embfomnc n` auimr, ncln` `s metumab`lt` bís olt`lsc y sus orrmnomeocl`s. @a oloeoc frusec pu`n` olnoemr p`rgcrmeoõl n` vâse`rm du`em y `a oler`b`ltc sûfotc n` ncacr obpaoem am nos`bolmeoõl n` ul prce`sc acemaozmnc, ecbc p`rgcrmeoõl n` ul mfse`sc c ecbprcbosc vmseuamr n` ul msm olt`stolma c p`rgcrmeoõl n` ul õrimlc. Am nurmeoõl n`a ncacr p`rbot` nostoliuor `ltr` eumnrcs miuncs, sufmiuncs y erõloecs. Dmy ncs topcs n` ncacr`s eõaoecs (bma acemaozmnc) y eclstmlt` (fo`l acemaozmnc). Am orrmnomeoõl n`a ncacr `s ûtoa pmrm `a nomilõstoec, @k`bpac; `a ncacr n`a dopceclnroc n`r`edc qu` orrmnom m am r`ioõl suf`sempuamr cro`ltm m eca`eostotos c p`rgcrmeoõl n` ûae`rm pïptoem, `l embfoc ul ncacr orrmnomnc m t`stâeuacs dme` p`lsmr `l ulm mg`eeoõl r`lc ur`trma. @a võbotc su`a` r`ameoclmrs` ecl ulm cfstrueeoõl olt`stolma y s` vm m pr`s`ltmr `ltr` bís prcxobma s`m `a sotoc cfstruonc. Z EO^M^OCL U^P=8 Qa 5846 R

Uâltcbms mecbpmýmlt`s; Go`fr`, `semacgrâcs, mlcr`xom, lmus`m, võbotcs, nomrr`m, `str`ýobo`ltc, pïrnonm n` p`sc, d`bcrrmiom noi`stovm, eumnrc eclgusoclma, nosl`m, tcs, sâltcbms boeeoclma`s, oet`roeom, ecaurom, gaukc vmiolma, `ltr` ctrcs. Z EO^M^OCL U^P=8 Qa 5846 R

 

?

@^OCACIÂM   Ams emusms n`s`lemn`lmlt`s n`a ncacr mfncbolma s` pu`n`l mirupmr `l acs soiuo`lt`s irupcs; 

Emusms B`eíloems; scl mqu`aams `l ams qu` `xost` cfstrueeoõl n` am auz olt`stolma c n` ams vâms foaomr`s, qu` cemsoclml nost`lsoõl prcxobma m am cfstrueeoõl, ecl `a sugrobo`ltc n` noedc s`ib`ltc: am ecls`eu`leom olb`nomtm `s am rupturm ecl p`rotclotos sufsoiuo`lt`.



Emusms Olgambmtcroms; s` r`go`r`l m olg`eeocl`s olt`stolma`s qu` cemsoclml p`rgcrmeoõl olt`stolma, p`rotclotos y s`ptoe`bom. @xost`l olg`eeocl`s n` ctrcs õrimlcs qu` pu`n`l cemsoclmr ncacr mfncbolma miunc ecbc; am olg`eeoõl n` vâms urolmroms, d`pmtotos.



Emusms ^rmubítoems; s` novon`l n`p`lno`lnc n` so `xost` a`soõl n` vâse`rm du`em c sõaonm, ac qu` pu`n` cemsoclmr `l `a mfncb`l n`sn` d`bmtcbms y ecltusocl`s dmstm rupturm n` eumaquo`r õrimlc oltrmmfncbolma, ecbc ulm a`soõl n` dâimnc c fmzc.



Emusms Clecaõioems; s` r`go`r`l m eumaquo`r tubcr oltrmmfncbolma qu` pu`n` cemsoclmr mfncb`l miunc mn`bís n` ecbpr`soõl y ceausoõl olt`stolma, pcr olvmsoõl n`a olt`stolc.



Emusms Osquïboems; `a e`s` n` ro`ic smliuâl`c m ulm vâse`rm, ym s`m probmroc pcr `bfcaom c trcbfcsos c s`eulnmroc pcr tcrsoõl n` su p`nâeuac vmseuamr, prcvcem ncacr n`fonc m am orrotmeoõl qu` prcvcem am ecle`ltrmeoõl n` n`t`rbolmncs b`tmfcaotcs tosuamr`s. ZEO^M^OCL BmremncrN`Xcsoeoõl5 Qp 6?> Qa 5846 R

^mfam =  Xcsofa` `tocaciâm n`a ncacr mfncbolma `l guleoõl n` am acemaozmeoõl

 

=8

Dopceclnroc n`r`edc D`pmtotos Eca`eostotos Xmler`mtotos Uâlnrcb` n` Funn-Edomro  L`ubclâm y pa`urotos @bfcaom puabclmr  Eíaeuac foaomr

Gamlec n`r`edc Eíaeuacs r`lma`s Olg`eeoõl urolmrom @str`ýobo`ltc D`rlom aubfmr

Gcsm oaâmem n`r`edm Mp`lnoeotos @str`ýobo`ltc D`rlom oliuolma @lncb`trocsos @bfmrmzc `etõpoec ^crsoõl n` cvmroc Vcturm n` quost` cvíroec @lg`rb`nmn olgambmtcrom olt`stolma

@poimstroc Imstrotos Olnoi`stoõl @st`lcsos poaõroem D`rlom `poiístroem Xmler`mtotos miunm Mp`lnoeotos n` ecbo`lzc @scgmiotos Ûae`rm imstrcnucn`lma Olgmrtc miunc n` bocemrnoc X`roemrnotos Vcturm n` ml`urosbm n` mcrtm

B`sciístroec Imstrc`lt`rotos miunm Mp`lnoeotos t`bprmlm Xmler`mtotos Cfstrueeoõl olt`stolma D`rlom ubfoaoema Ml`urosbm n` mcrtm Ûae`rm `stcbmema

Dopcimstroc Olg`eeoõl urolmrom Mp`lnoeotos miunm Olt`stolc olgambmnc Ncacr pïavoec Xmtcaciâm iol`ecaõioem Xmtcaciâm r`lcur`t`rma Xmtcaciâm v`soema Xrcstmtotos

Dopceclnroc ozquo`rnc Imstrotos miunm Ûae`rm imstrcnucn`lma Xmler`mtotos Vcturm n` fmzc  L`ubclâm, `bpo`bm pa`urma @bfcaom puabclmr  Eõaoec foaomr 

Gamlec ozquo`rnc

Eíaeuac r`lma @str`ýobo`ltc Olt`stolc olgambmnc

Gcsm oaâmem ozquo`rnm D`rlom oliuolma Ecaotos osquïboem @lncb`trocsos @bfmrmzc `etõpoec ^crsoõl n` cvmroc Vcturm n` quost` cvíroec @lg`rb`nmn olgambmtcrom olt`stolma Uâlnrcb` n` olt`stolc orrotmfa`

 Lctm. @a ncacr mfncbolma to`l` bûatopa`s emusms, am bmycrâm f`loilms, p`rc `l cemsocl`s  pu`n` s`r s`eulnmroc m emusms emus ms pct`leomab`lt` irmv`s, msâ ecbc emusms nnoi`stovms oi`stovms c `xtrm

 

== noi`stovms ecbc puabclmr`s c iol`ecaõioems. Eamsogoemeoõl n`a ncacr mfncbolma miunc s`iûl am novosoõl n` acs ? eumnrmlt`s mfncbolma`s. Z EO^M^OCL BmremncrN`Xcsoeoõl> Qa 5846 R Z EO^M^OCL Wma68 Qa 5846 R

@WMAPMEOÕL  

Am `vmaumeoõl n`a ncacr mfncbolma `l `a íbfotc pr`dcspotmamroc pu`n` s`r nogâeoa, `l

 prob`r auimr, pcrqu` `xost`l ul sollûb`rc n` n ` `tocaciâms qu` pu`n`l emusmr ncacr mfn mfncbolma cbolma miunc, y, `l s`iulnc auimr, pcr ams aobotmeocl`s n` nomilõstoec nospclofa`s `l `a eclt`xtc  pr`dcspotmamroc. Xu`n` `xostor ul matc âlnoe` n` scsp`edm n` ulm a`soõl mfncbolma m pmrtor n` ulm vmro`nmn n` gu`lt`s n` olgcrbmeoõl, dmaamzics `l `a `xmb`l gâsoec ` olgcrbmeoõl qu` prcv`` `a  pmeo`lt` c gmboaomr`s. ZEO^M^OCL LM@=? Qp 54= Qa 5846 R

@vmaumeoõl probmrom 

M; Bml`kc n` vâm mïr`m V`vosmr ríponmb`lt` am vâm mïr`m n`a pmeo`lt` pmrm imrmltozmr p`rb`mfoaonmn c p`aoirc n`

cfstrueeoõl pcr cfk`tcs c s`er`eocl`s. ZEO^M^OCL LM@=? Qp =96 Qa 5846 R 

F; W`ltoameoõl y cxoi`lmeoõl Ecbprcfmr ulm mn`eumnm v`ltoameoõl y gr`eu`leom r`spormtcrom, ms`iurmrs` n` qu` `a

 pmeo`lt` lc s` `leu`ltr` dopõxoec y qu` am smturmeoõl s mturmeoõl n` cxoi`lc s`m bmycr c oiuma m ?>%. ZEO^M^OCL LM@=? Qp =96 Qa 5846 R 

E; Eoreuameoõl Wmacrmr am `stmfoaonmn d`bcnolíboem y `stmnc n` p`rgusoõl n`a pmeo`lt` ecbc; puasc,

r`aa`lc empoamr, ecacr y t`bp`rmturm n` am po`a. ZEO^M^OCL LM@=? Qp =9> Qa 5846 R

 

=6 

N; Nosempmeonmn N`t`rbolmr `a lov`a n` ecleo`leom n`a pmeo`lt` b`nomlt` `a usc n` am @semam n`a Ecbm n`a

Iamsicw, `s ul bïtcnc ríponc y sobpa` qu` s` utoaozm pmrm n`t`rbolmr `a lov`a n` ecleo`leom n`a  pmeo`lt`: y `vmaumr am r`meeoõl pupoamr. ZEO^M^OCL LM@=? Qp =90 Qa 5846 R

 Mlmbl`sos U` pu`n` cft`l`r olgcrbmeoõl n`a pmeo`lt`, gmboaomr`s c t`stoics y n`f` nceub`ltmrs` `l `a olgcrb` n` mt`leoõl y `ltr`imr m am olstmameoõl r`e`ptcrm. Acs ecbpcl`lt`s n`a `squ`bm MBXAOM myunmríl m noroior `a olt`rrcimtcroc y `lecltrmr acs nmtcs bís r`a`vmlt`s qu` cro`lt`l m ul trmtmbo`ltc mn`eumnc n`a pmeo`lt`.ZEO^M^OCL LM@=? Qp 545 Qa 5846 R

Mlt`e`n`lt`s.   U` r`go`r` m tcncs aacs cs nmtcs nmtcs p`rsclma`s y `v`ltcs mlt`rocr`s qu` s` pu`nm r`ecpoamr r`ecpoamr n`a  pmeo`lt`, m am v`z s` dme` ul olt`rrcimtcroc sobpa` ecl `a gol n` smf`r `a `stmnc n` ecleo`leom, `k`bpac; `nmn, lcbfr`, nor`eeoõl, g`edm metuma. Z EO^M^OCL PWm68 Qa 5846 R

B`noemb`ltcs. @s obpcrtmlt` n`t`rbolmr so `a pmeo`lt` olio`r` maiûl topc n` b`noemeoõl, pu`s n`t`rbolmncs gírbmecs pu`n`l s`r acs emusmlt`s n`a ncacr mfncbolma c bcnogoemr sus emrmet`râstoems; 

Mltoecmiuamlt`s; pu`n`l prcnueor d`bmtcbms olt`stolma`s oltrmburma`s c `l am vmolm n` acs r`etcs



Mlcvuamtcrocs; emusml olgmrtcs olt`stolma`s n` croi`l v`lcsc, ecaotos osquïboem c rcturm n` lõnuacs dop`rpaísoecs d`pítoecs

 

=5 

Mltofoõtoecs; scl emusmlt`s n`a `lgrombo`ltc n` mfse`scs y p`rotclotos, y nosboluy`l su soltcbmtcaciâm



Ecrtoecon`s y mltoolgambmtcrocs lc `st`rcon`cs (MOL@U); pcr su `g`etc imstrc`rcsovc,  pu`n`l croiolmr d`bcrrmiom noi`stovm c p`rgcrmeoõl p`r gcrmeoõl imstrcolt`stolma



Mlmaiïsoecs y `spmsbcaâtoecs; Ceuatml am `vcaueoõl n`a prce`sc, ym qu` `lbmsemrml acs sâltcbms y soilcs



B`noemeoõl emrnocaõioem; Ucl emusm prcfmfa` n` emrnocpmtâm `bfcaâi`lm c n` fmkc imstc y,  pcr tmltc, n` osqu`bom olt`stolma



@st`rcon`s, nourïtoecs tomzânoecs, osclomzonm, smaoeoamtcs, olncb`tmeolm; pu`n`l n`s`lemn`lmr pmler`mtotos. ZEO^M^OCL BmremncrN`Xcsoeoõl5 Qp 6?0 Qa 5846 R

Mlt`e`n`lt`s p`rsclma`s pmtcaõioecs.   @a cfk`tovc `s `xtrm`r ttcnm cnm am olgcrbmeoõl r`ameoclm ecl ams `lg`rb`nmn`s n`a pmeo`lt`. Xcr `k`bpac; eoruiâm mfncbolma, ûae`rm imstrcolt`stolma, imstrotos, emrnocpmtâms, nomf`t`s, eca`aotomsos, d`rloms, `bfmrmzc, `te. Z EO^M^OCL PWm68 Qa 5846 R

Aofmeocl`s y ûatobm oli`stm.  

Dme` r`g`r`leom m maiulcs dífotcs c `v`ltcs mlt`rocr`s r`ameoclmncs ecl am maob`ltmeoõl

y eclsubc n` f`fonms maecdõaoems, `te.: qu` pcnrâml n`s`lemn`lmr ncacr mfncbolma miunc, ma`rioms u cfstrueeocl`s. Z EO^M^OCL PWm68 Qa 5846 R

Ma`rioms.   @s prcfmfa` qu` eo`rtcs maob`ltcs pu`nml prcnueor r`meeocl`s maïrioems pcec n`spuïs n` dmf`racs oli`ronc, oleausc p`qu`ýms emltonmn`s pu`n`l cemsoclmr soilcs y sâltcbms

 

=> imstrcolt`stolma`s ecbc; ncacr mfncbolma, nomrr`m, võbotc, líus`ms, `te. Z EO^M^OCL PWm68 Qa 5846 R  @nmn

@xost`l `lg`rb`nmn`s qu` s` emrmet`rozml pcr p`rt`l`e`r m ul n`t`rbolmnc irupc `tmroc; 

V`eoïl lmeoncs; bmagcrbmeocl`s ecliïlotms (mtr`som olt`stolma, âa`c b`ecloma, `te.)



Ametmlt`s; olvmiolmeoõl olt`stolma, cfstrueeoõl pcr d`rloms c bmagcrbmeocl`s qu` dmstm `ltcle`s scl msoltcbítoems, `te.



Mnca`se`lt`s; mp`lnoeotos miunm, mn`lotos b`s`ltïroem ol`sp`eâgoem



Mnuatcs; mp`lnoeotos miunm, p`rgcrmeoõl pcr ûaeus iístroec (b`lcs gr`eu`lt`s n`sn` am utoaozmeoõl n` b`noemb`ltcs oldofoncr`s n` am fcbfm n` prctcl`s), pmtcaciâm n` am vâm  foaomr, `te.



@nmn mvmlzmnm; eíle`r n` ecacl p`rgcrmnc u cfstruetovc, nov`rtoeuaotos miunms n` ecacl soibcon`c, meeon`lt`s osquïboecs olt`stolma`s. ZEO^M^OCL Kob=7 Qp >50 Qa 5846 R

 U`xc

  @l buk`r`s `s obpcrtmlt` eclson`rmr am pmtcaciâm iol`ecaõioem ecbc pcsofa` emusm n` ncacr mfncbolma, ecbc; tcrsoõl ml`xoma, rupturm n` mfse`sc tufc cvíroec, `bfmrmzc `etõpoec, quost` cvíroec, `te. ZEO^M^OCL Kob=7 Qp >50 Qa 5846 R

 

=0 Emrmet`râstoems n`a ncacr 

  @a ncacr `s `a sâltcbm proleopma `l acs eumnrcs n` mfncb`l miunc. Uus emrmet`râstoems  pu`n`l aa`vmr m am `vmaumeoõl ecrr`etm, soiuo`lnc s oiuo`lnc `a sost`bm qu` s` `xpcl` m ecltolumeoõl. ZEO^M^OCL BmremncrN`Xcsoeoõl5 Qp 6?7 Qa 5846 R

=. Gc Gcrb rbmm n n`` olstm olstmurm urmeo eoõl. õl. Frusec; tmrnm s`iulncs `l maemlzmr su bíxobm olt`lsonmn. @a pmeo`lt` su`a` r`ecrnmr



`a bcb`ltc `xmetc `l qu` s` oloeoõ `a ncacr. @st` topc n` oloeoc `s emrmet`râstoec n` am orrotmeoõl p`rotcl`ma c n` am osqu`bom olt`stolma miunm. ZEO^M^OCL BmremncrN`Xcsoeoõl5 Qp 6?7 Qa 5846 R

Víponmb`lt` prcir`sovc; tmrnm bolutcs `l maemlzmr su mebï. @a pmeo`lt` su`a`



acemaozmrac fo`l, y s` n`f` m am nost`lsoõl n` am gofrm buseuamr aosm. @stm gcrbm n` olstmurmeoõl `s emrmet`râstoem n`a eõaoec foaomr.ZEO^M^OCL BmremncrN`Xcsoeoõl5 Qp 6?7 Qa 5846 R

A`ltmb`lt` prcir`sovc; tmrnmr dcrms `l olstmurmrs`. @s obpr`eosc, r`g`ronc pcr `a



`lg`rbc ecbc olecbcnonmn, p`smn`z y bma`stmr, y `s n` acemaozmeoõl nogusm. @s emrmet`râstoec n` prce`scs olgambmtcrocs acemaozmncs, ecbc am eca`eostotos miunm ZEO^M^OCL BmremncrN`Xcsoeoõl5 Qp 6?7 Qa 5846 R

6. Olt Olt`lson sonmn. 

Buy olt`lsc; tâpoec n` orrotmeoõl p`rotcl`ma, osqu`bom olt`stolma c nost`lsoõl n` am gofrm buseuamr aosm

 

=7 

Bcn`rmnc; cro`ltm dmeom prce`scs olgambmtcrocs acemaozmncs. ZEO^M^OCL BmremncrN`Xcsoeoõl5 Qp 6?7 Qa 5846 R

5. ^opc. 

Eõaoec; n` emríet`r clnuamlt`, ecl gms`s n` irml pmrcxosbc s`iuonms n` emabm mpmr`lt`. Olnoem nost`lsoõl n` am gofrm buseuamr aosm.



Ecltoluc; bís qu` am olt`lsonmn n`a ncacr, ac emrmet`râstoec `s su p`rsost`leom. Uuio`r` nost`lsoõl n` vâse`rms mfncbolma`s, prce`scs olgambmtcrocs c trmstcrlcs osquïboecs. ZEO^M^OCL BmremncrN`Xcsoeoõl5 Qp 6?7 Qa 5846 R

>. Orrm Orrmno nome meooõl õl.. Xrcpmimeoõl n`a ncacr, sol bcnogoemeoõl n`a ms`ltmbo`ltc oloeoma. @s buy emrmet`râstoec n` acs ncacr`s prcnueoncs pcr nost`lsoõl n` am gofrm buseuamr aosm y prce`scs olgambmtcrocs. ZEO^M^OCL BmremncrN`Xcsoeoõl5 Qp 6?7 Qa 5846 R

0. ^c ^cpc pcir irmg mgââm. 

Olvmromfa` y bmlt`lonm n`sn` `a oloeoc; `a pmeo`lt` r`go`r` ncacr `l acs eumnrmlt`s mfncbolma`s.



Embfomlt`, ecl acemaozmeoõl golma `l ul eumnrmlt`; `s gr`eu`lt` `l acs prce`scs olgambmtcrocs acemaozmncs (mp`lnoeotos miunm). ZEO^M^OCL BmremncrN`Xcsoeoõl5 Qp 6?7 Qa 5846 R

7. Me Meto totu tun n mlt mltoí oíai aioe oem. m. 

Olbõvoa; tâpoec n` orrotmeoõl p`rotcl`ma frusem c osqu`bom olt`stolma

 

=9 

Miotmnc; cro`ltm dmeom am nost`lsoõl n` am gofrm buseuamr aosm (eõaoec l`grâtoec c foaomr)



Xmeo`lt` `l pcsoeoõl mltoíaioem; `s emrmet`râstoem am metotun `l n`eûfotc prclc c `l  pcsoeoõl g`tma `l am pmler`mtotos miunm. ZEO^M^OCL BmremncrN`Xcsoeoõl5 BmremncrN`Xcsoeoõl5 Qp 6?7 Qa 5846 R (@vm) @semam Wosuma Mlíacim n`a Ncacr.

  @s `a bïtcnc sufk`tovc bís `bpa`mnc pmrm vmacrmeoõl n`a ncacr pcr t`l`r ulm bmycr s`lsofoaonmn n` b`noeoõl lc `bpa`m lûb`rcs lo pmamfrms n`seroptovms. Eclsost` `l ulm aâl`m n` =8 eb n` acliotun, `l acs `xtr`bcs s` s`ýmam `a lov`a n` ncacr bâlobc y bíxobc, `a pmeo`lt` n`f` bmremr ecl ulm aâl`m `a auimr ncln` er`` qu` ecrr`spcln` am olt`lsonmn n` su ncacr. ZEO^M^OCL Gul=9 Qa 5846 R

Goiurm 6  @semam mlmaõioem vosuma

 Gu`lt`; Gulnmeoõl Eclsuabïnoem. (68=9). ECLUPAB@NOEM B@KCV@U V@UPA^MNCU . Cft`lonc n` dttp;//www.eclsuab`noem.ecb/68=9/8?/`semam-vosuma-mlmacim-n`ancacrS67.dtba

 

=4

@vmaumeoõl s`eulnmrom  @xpacrmeoõl gâsoem

  Am vmacrmeoõl n`a msp`etc i`l`rma n`a pmeo`lt`, msâ ecbc sus soilcs votma`s y am gmseo`s, mnquo`r`l obpcrtmleom er`eo`lt` n`p`lno`lnc n` am irmv`nmn n`a eumnrc. Am pcsoeoõl n`a `lg`rbc `s soilogoemtovm, ym qu` `l i`l`rma `lecltrmbcs m ul pmeo`lt` qu` s` `leu`ltrm olbõvoa y `lecionc, `stc myunm m mt`lumr `a ncacr. ZEO^M^OCL BmremncrN`Xcsoeoõl5 Qp 6?9 Qa 5846 R

=. Olsp Olsp``eeoõl.  Msp`etc i`l`rma 

Xr`s`leom n` pmaon`z, nomgcr`sos, tmquoemrnom, tmquopl`m, mat`rmeoõl n`a lov`a n` ecleo`leom, dopct`lsoõl, go`fr`, `te. ZEO^M^OCL Kob=7 Qp >57 Qa 5846 R  Mfncbolma; 

Xr`s`leom n` eoemtroe`s quorûrioems, d`rloms mfncbolma`s ` oliuolma`s, msob`trâms, mat`rmeocl`s eutíl`ms.



Xr`s`leom n` a`socl`s eutíl`ms; `xost`l soilcs qu` olnoeml d`bcrrmiom r`trcp`rotcl`ma ecbc; soilc n`a Ir`y ^url`r (`quobcsos `l gamlecs) y soilc n` Euaa`l (`quobcsos  p`roubfoaoema), sol `bfmric, m b`lunc scl tmrnâcs.



Pl mfncb`l pamlc, olbõvoa, râionc, qu` lc s` bu`v` nurmlt` am r`spormeoõl, `s ulm bmlog`stmeoõl n` orrotmeoõl p`rotcl`ma nogusm. ZEO^M^OCL LM@=? Qp 545 Qa 5846 R

6. Xmapm pmeeoõl õl..   @a proleopma cfk`tovc `s on`ltogoemr ams zclms n` dop`rs`lsofoaonmn, on`mab`lt` s` oloeom `l ulm r`ioõl ncln` `a pmeo`lt` lc r`go`rm ncacr y n` gcrbm sup`rgoeoma, `l emnm eumnrmlt`,

 

=? bo`ltrms s` pmapm ulm zclm dop`rs`lsofa`, s` pcnrí `von`leomr ulm r`meeoõl aambmnm n`g`lsm olvcaultmrom, qu` prct`i` ma pmeo`lt` n`a ncacr bo`ltrms s` r`maozm am pmapmeoõl. Am n`g`lsm olvcaultmrom r`pr`s`ltm am roion`z c `a `spmsbc n` acs bûseuacs n` am pmr`n mfncbolma `l r`spu`stm m am p`rotclotos -Acs nmtcs n` `xpacrmeoõl gâsoem qu` r`spmanml ulm p`rotclotos scl; dop`rs`lsofoaonmn mfncbolma m am pmapmeoõl y p`reusoõl, n`g`lsm olvcaultmrom y nosbolueoõl c soa`leoc mfncbolma-.ZEO^M^OCL LM@=? Qp 54> Qa 5846 R N`f` `votmrs` am pmapmeoõl prcgulnm c buy olt`lsm, ym qu`, mpmrt` n`a olt`lsc ncacr cemsoclmnc, t`õroemb`lt` pu`n` mirmvmr am a`soõl mfncbolma. ZEO^M^OCL LM@=? Qp 54> Qa 5846 R   @xost`l vmrocs soilcs n` `xpacrmeoõl mfncbolma pcr pmapmeoõl, sol `bfmric, `l `a íbfotc n` am mt`leoõl pr`dcspotmamrom scfr`sma`l acs soiuo`lt`s; 

Uoilc n` Faubf`ri; ncacr `l gcsm oaomem n`r`edm m am n`secbpr`soõl, `s olnoemtovc n`  p`rotcl`c pmro`tma olgambmnc ZEO^M^OCL Kob=7 Qp >59 Qa 5846 R

Goiurm 5  Uoilc n` Faubf`ri 

 

68  Gu`lt`; Bormlnm  Gu`lt`;  Bormlnm B. (68=9). Mfncb`l Miunc. Cft`lonc n` dttps;//www.saon`sdmr`.l`t/bcclbormlnm=/mfncb`l-miunc-960>9>74 

Uoilc n` Burpdy; ncacr qu` s` prcvcem ma ecbprobor `a dopceclnroc n`r`edc, m am v`z qu` `a pmeo`lt` r`maozm ulm olspormeoõl prcgulnm, `s olnoemtovc n` eca`eostotos miunm. ZEO^M^OCL Kob=7 Qp >59 Qa 5846 R

Goiurm >  

Uoilc n` Burpdy

 Gu`lt`; B`ns`xtcn. (68=4). @a soilc n` Burpdy. Cft`lonc n` dttp;//b`ns`xtcn.facispct.ecb/68=4/80/`a-soilc-n`-burpdy-`s-ul-soilc.dtba 

Uoilc n` Vcvsoli; am pmapmeoõl `l am gcsm oaomem ozquo`rnm emusm ncacr `l am gcsm oaomem n`r`edm y `s olnoemtovc n` mp`lnoeotos miunm. ZEO^M^OCL Kob=7 Qp >59 Qa 5846 R

Goiurm 0  Uoilc n` Vcvsoli 

 

6=

 Gu`lt`; Miuorr`  Gu`lt`;  Miuorr` @. (68=4). Mp`lnoeotos. Cft`lonc n` dttps;//miuorr`nc.wcrnpr`ss.ecb/68=4/=8/6=/mp`lnoeotos/

5. Mu Muse seua uatm tmeo eoõl õl..   N`t`rbolmr so `xost`l ruoncs donrcmïr`cs nosboluoncs, mus`lt`s c mub`ltmncs y scpacs mrt`roma`s. Am mus`leom n` ruoncs donrcmïr`cs c aambmnc mfncb`l ‑soa`leocsc‒ `s ul olnoemtovc n` âa`c pmrmaâtoec c n` p`rotclotos i`l`rmaozmnm, bo`ltrms qu` `a p`rostmatosbc mub`ltmnc olnoem ulm cfstrueeoõl olt`stolma b`eíloem c imstrc`lt`rotos. Am museuatmeoõl n` ruoncs olt`stolma`s, `l i`l`rma, lc `s ul r`eursc ûtoa n` `vmaumeoõl pr`dcspotmamrom, ym qu` `stcs soilcs lc bcnogoemríl `a trmtmbo`ltc pr`dcspotmamroc n`a pmeo`lt`, sol `bfmric, so s` p`reof`l ruoncs olt`stolma`s `l `a tõrmx pu`n` eclson`rmrs` ulm rcturm nomgrmibítoem. ZEO^M^OCL LM@=? Qp 54> Qa 5846 R

>. X`reusoõl soõl..   N`t`rbolmr pr`s`leom n` tobpmlosbc c bmton`z, am dop`rs`lsofoaonmn m am p`reusoõl `s ul olnoemtovc n` p`rotclotos, sol `bfmric, am p`reusoõl n`a mfncb`l `l `a íbfotc pr`dcspotmamroc lc

 

66 bcnogoem `a trmtmbo`ltc oloeoma, s` r`ecbo`lnm lc p`rn`r to`bpc vmaocsc pmrm ul trmtmbo`ltc n`golotovc. ZEO^M^OCL LM@=? Qp 54> Qa 5846 R

^VM^MBO@L^C XV@DCUXO^MAMVOC   Acs msp`etcs eamv`s `l `a trmtmbo`ltc pr`dcspotmamroc scl r`eclce`r am am pr`s`leom n` a`socl`s pct`leoma`s ` oloeomr `a trmlspcrt` ríponc: s`iûl s`m mprcpomnc, dmeom am olstmameoõl bïnoem mn`eumnm bís e`remlm y ecl am empmeonmn r`scautovm mn`eumnm. Xcr ac qu` `s l`e`smroc s`iuor acs soiuo`lt`s pmríb`trcs;ZEO^M^OCL LM@=? Qp 547 Qa 5846 R

=. Eubpa Eubpamm ecl `a pr prctceca ctcecacc n` prol proleopoc eopocss i`l`rma i`l`rma`s `s n` mt`leoõl mt`leoõl n` `b`ri`leo `b`ri`leom. m. 

V`vosoõl probmrom (M-F-E-N-@) y r`vosoõl s`eulnmrom.

6. Lc mmnb nbol olos ostr tr`` lmnm lmnm pcr vvâm âm cr crma ma.. 5. Uo `a pm pmeo`lt eo`lt`` s` `leu`ltrm `leu`ltrm a`k a`kcs cs n` ul e`ltrc e`ltrc mso msost`leo st`leoma, ma, vmacr` vmacr` am ecacemeoõ ecacemeoõll n` ulm sclnm lmsciístroem `l emsc n` `xostor võbotc olt`lsc c irml nost`lsoõl mfncbolma. >. Uo `a pm pmeo`lt eo`lt`` to`l` r`t`leo r`t`leoõl õl urolmrom, urolmrom, eca ecacqu` cqu` ulm sc sclnm lnm v`soema v`soema pmrm n`secbpr n`secbpr`soõl `soõl n`a iacfc v`soema. ZEO^M^OCL Emb== Qp 4= Qa 6804 R

D`bcnolíboemb`lt` ol`stmfa` =. Uo `a ppmeo`lt meo`lt`` s` `leu` `leu`ltrm ltrm `l `st `stmnc mnc n` sdcej, sdcej, mpaoqu` mpaoqu` `a prctceca prctcecacc n` sdcej cro`ltmlnc dmeom am pcsofa` emusm (sdcej sïptoec, sdcej dopcvcaïboec, sdcej emrnociïloec, `te.). 

Ecacqu` cxâi`lc `l gaukc sugoeo`lt` pmrm smturmr (bís n`a ?>%) y msostor v`ltoameoõl s`iûl s`m l`e`smroc.

 

65 Ecacqu` ncs vâms p`rogïroems n` iru`sc emaofr` (=> c =7 I).ZEO^M^OCL Emb== Qp



46 Qa 5846 R Xmrm am mnbolostrmeoõl n` scaueocl`s `s obpcrtmlt` eclson`rmr `a eumnrc eaâloec n`a  pmeo`lt` ym qu` am mnbolostrmeoõl `xe`sovm n` scaueocl`s OW pu`n` `a`vmr am pr`soõl mrt`roma n`a  pmeo`lt` y `stc m su v`z prcvcemrâm am grmib`ltmeoõl n` ecíiuacs qu` ym dmfâml sonc gcrbmncs g crbmncs tmltc pcr am ecmiuameoõl smliuâl`m y am dopct`lsoõl. @l gol, acs prcv``ncr`s n` mt`leoõl  pr`dcspotmamrom n`f`l maemlzmr ul `quoaofroc; bmlt`l`r ulm u lm pr`soõl mrt`roma qu` prcv`m p`rg p`rgusoõl usoõl m acs õrimlcs votma`s, sol r`stmfa`e`r m dmstm rmlics `a`vmncs c lcrbma`s.ZEO^M^OCL LM@=? Qp 549 Qa 5846 R

6. @l emsc nn`` ncacr mf mfncbol ncbolma ma olt olt`lsc, `lsc, mnbolost mnbolostr` r` mlmaiïsoecs mlmaiïsoecs `l ncsos ncsos bcn`rmnms bcn`rmnms pr`vom pr`vom eclsuatm ecl `a `sp`eomaostm n`a dcspotma r`e`ptcr, `l emsc n` `xostor ecltrmolnoemeocl`s. Mn`bís, am mnbolostrmeoõl n` mlmai`som dm n`bcstrmnc s`r ulm d`rrmbo`ltm pmrm gmeoaotmr `a mfcrnmk` oloeoma y acirmr t`l`r ul pmeo`lt` trmlquoac y eccp`rmncr, msâ ecbc ctcrimra` ma pmeo`lt` ul n`r`edc old`r`lt` m am dcrm n` su `vmaumeoõl. Z EO^M^OCL D`r  Qa 6804 R

 Mlmaiïsoecs cpocon`s

Psmnc `l ncacr mfncbolma miunc s`v`rc, pu`n`l pr`s`ltmr mg`etcs mnv`rscs ecbc; n`pr`soõl r`spormtcrom, líus`m y vcbotc. @a b`noemb`ltc n` `a`eeoõl pmrm am n`pr`soõl r`spormtcrom `s am Lmacxclm. Z EO^M^OCL D`r Qa 6804 R

Ncsos. 

Bcrgolm 6 m > bi OW a`ltm, `l 5 bolutcs.



G`ltmlya 90 bei OW a`ltm c = m 6 bei/ji, `l 5 bolutcs.

 

6> 

^rmbmnca =88 bi OW, a`ltc y noauonc. Z EO^M^OCL D`r Qa 5846 R

5. Uo s` tr trmtm mtm n` ul ulmm pmeo`lt` pmeo`lt` ecl sm smlirmnc lirmnc trmlsvmio trmlsvmiolma, lma, mpaoqu` mpaoqu` `a prctcec prctcecac ac n` d`bcrrmiom cfstïtroem. >. @l ems emscc n` võbo võbotc, tc, mn mnbol bolost ostr` r` mlto`b mlto`bïto ïtoecs. ecs. 

B`tceacprmbonm =8 bi OW.

0. @l emsc nn`` mlt`e` mlt`e`n`lt` n`lt` n` d`bmt` d`bmt`b`sos, b`sos, mn mnbolo bolostr` str` b`noemb`l b`noemb`ltcs tcs pmrm `a ecltrca n` am meon`z iístroem. 



Vmlotonolm 08 bi OW.

Cb`prmzca >8 bi OW. ZEO^M^OCL Emb== Qp 46 Qa 6804 R

D`bcnolíboemb`lt` `stmfa` 7. Wma Wmacr` cr` am l` l`e`so e`sonmn nmn n` trmsa trmsamnm mnmrac rac `l mb mbfua fuamle mleom. om. 9. Uo `a ppmeo`lt meo`lt`` `stí a` a`kcs kcs n` ul e`ltrc msost`l msost`leoma, eoma, pc pclim lim ulm vâm vâm p`rogïroem p`rogïroem ecl UU UU ma 8,?%, m ict`c n` bmlt`lobo`ltc (=0 ictms/bol). 4. N` oium oiumaa bml`r bml`rm, m, mnbo mnbolostr` lostr` mmlto`b lto`bïtoec ïtoecss y mltoíeoncs mltoíeoncs s`iûl s`iûl r`quo`rm r`quo`rm emnm emsc. emsc. ZEO^M^OCL Emb== Qp 46 Qa 6804 R Ecbc s` dm bmlog`stmnc tmltc am bclotcrozmeoõl, gauonct`rmpom y cxoi`lct`rmpom scl ams tr`s b`nonms físoems m tcbmr `l `stcs pmeo`lt`s dmstm am olstmurmeoõl n` ul trmtmbo`ltc n`golotovc. Uu olstmurmeoõl dm n` s`r olb`nomtm mlt` am scsp`edm n` mfncb`l miunc. @stí n`bcstrmnc qu` am n`bcrm `l `a trmtmbo`ltc c bmam `a`eeoõl n` am mltofoct`rmpom mub`ltm am bcrtmaonmn y gmeoaotml am  prcir`soõl n` am `lg`rb`nmn.ZEO^M^OCL `lg`rb`nmn. ZEO^M^OCL Kob=7 Qp >54 Qa 5846 R

 

60 Emf` r`emaemr qu` am bmycr emltonmn n` pmtcaciâms qu` croiolml `a ncacr mfncbolma miunc scl n` olt`rv`leoõl quorûrioem ecbc trmtmbo`ltc n`golotovc.ZEO^M^OCL Kob=7 Qp >5? Qa 5846 R

XV@EMPEOCL@U I@L@VMA@U 







 Lc usmr MOL@U. Bmlt`l`r matm scsp`edm n` soilcs n` irmv`nmn.  Lc cavonmr `a pcsofa` croi`l tcríeoec c pïavoec `l tcnc pmeo`lt` ecl ncacr mfncbolma. @a ncacr `l mfncb`l miunc lc so`bpr` s` pr`s`ltm ecl ams bosbms emrmet`râstoems `l loýcs, mleomlcs y `l olbulcn`proboncs.



Ucsp`edmr OMB, `bfmrmzc `etõpoec, ml`urosbm n` mcrtm y n`bís `l pmeo`lt`s ecl ol`stmfoaonmn d`bcnolíboem (dopct`lsoõl, nogoeuatmn r`spormtcrom, mat`rmeoõl n`a lov`a n` ecleo`leom) c erot`rocs `xpacrmtcrocs n` irmv`nmn.



V`ecb`lnmr qu` meunml m ecltrca bïnoec acs pmeo`lt`s `stmfa`s n` quo`l`s lc s` n`eonm `a trmsamnc. ZEO^M^OCL Emb== Qp 46 Qa 6804 R

FOFAOCIVMGÂM Miuorr` @. (68=4). Mp`lnoeotos (68=4). Mp`lnoeotos.. Cft`lonc n` dttps;//miuorr`nc.wcrnpr`ss.ecb/68=4/=8/6=/mp`lnoeotos/ Bïnoems.   Embmedc, A. (68==). Xrctcecacs (68==). Xrctcecacs n` Mt`leoõl Xr`dcspotmamrom pmrm @b`ri`leoms Bïnoems.  Gulnmeoõl Eclsuabïnoem. (68=9). ECLUPAB@NOEM B@KCV@U V@UPA^MNCU . Cft`lonc n` dttp;//www.eclsuab`noem.ecb/68=9/8?/`semam-vosuma-mlmacim-n`a-ncacrS67.dtba

 

67 D`rlíln`z, U. (6868). ^rmtmbo`ltc pmrm `a ncacr mfncbolma miunc `l am smam n` uri`leoms. uri`leoms . Cft`lonc n` dttp;//www.ncacrypmaomtovcs.cri/mrt=94.msp Dorsd, ^. (=6 n` Kuloc n` 68=4). pufaoemeocl`s 68=4).  pufaoemeocl`s b`noeolm. b`noeolm. Cft`lonc n` dttp;//pufaoemeocl`sb`noeolm.ue.ea/p`nomtromDcsp/NcacrMfncbolma.dtba Kobïl`z M. (68=7). Bmluma (68=7). Bmluma n` prctcecacs y metumeoõl `l uri`leoms (Eumrtm uri`leoms  (Eumrtm `n.). ^ca`nc; IVPXC UML@N. Kobïl`z A. & Bclt`rc K. (68=0). B`noeolm (68=0).  B`noeolm n` uri`leoms y `b`ri`leoms (]uoltm `b`ri`leoms  (]uoltm `n.). @as`vo`r @spmým, U.A. B`ns`xtcn. (68=4). @a (68=4). @a soilc n` Burpdy. Burpdy. Cft`lonc n` dttp;//b`ns`xtcn.facispct.ecb/68=4/80/`asoilc-n`-burpdy-`s-ul-soilc.dtba Bormlnm B. (68=9). Mfncb`l (68=9). Mfncb`l Miunc. Cft`lonc Miunc. Cft`lonc n` dttps;//www.saon`sdmr`.l`t/bcclbormlnm=/mfncb`l-miunc-960>9>74  LM@B^. (68=?). XD^AU, (68=?). XD^AU, Ucpcrt` Wotma n` ^rmubm Xr`dcspotmamroc (Lcv`lm Xr`dcspotmamroc (Lcv`lm `n.). Furaolitcl; Olt`rsost`bms U.M. n` E.W.  Lcrtdw`aa-A`lcx. (6868). BMLPMA (6868). BMLPMA BUN W@VUOCL XVCG@UOCLMA@U . Cft`lonc n` dttps;//www.bsnbmlumas.ecb/`s-bx/prcg`ssoclma/trmstcrlcs-imstrcolt`stolma`s/mfncb`lmiunc-y-imstrc`lt`rcaci%E5%MNm-quor%E5%FMrioem/ncacr-mfncbolma-miunc  Lcrtcl K. Ir``lf`ri`r, B. F. (Bmyc n` 68=4). 68= 4). BUN  BUN bmluma. Cft`lonc bmluma. Cft`lonc n` dttps;//www.bsnbmlumas.ecb/`s-bx/dcimr/trmstcrlcs-imstrcolt`stolma`s/s %E5%MNltcbms-n`-acs-trmstcrlcs-noi`stovcs/ncacr-mfncbolma-miunc

 

69 Xmrswm M. (68=4). Bmluma (68=4). Bmluma BUN v`rsoõl pmrm prcg`soclma`s. prcg`soclma`s . Cft`lonc n` dttps;//www.bsnbmlumas.ecb/`s/prcg`ssoclma/trmstcrlcs-imstrcolt`stolma`s/mfncb`lmiunc-y-imstrc`lt`rcaci%E5%MNm-quor%E5%FMrioem/ncacr-mfncbolma-miunc Utun``rUl`a F.W . (6> n` @l`rc n` 68=4). Cft`lonc n` dttps;//www.stunceu.ecb/`sbx/nceub`lt/ulov`rsonmn-mutclcbm-n`a-`stmnc-n`bcr`acs/lcscaciom/r`sub`l`s/mfncb`l-miunc-n`goloeocl-`tocaciom-gosocpmtcaciomeumnrc-eaoloec-nomilcstoec/>=5740=/vo`w PWmSClaol`. (6= n` @l`rc n` 6868). MLMBL@UOU N@A NCACV MFNCBOLMA @L U@OU XV@IPL^MU. Wmaamncaon. Cft`lonc n` dttps;//www.ycutuf`.ecb/wmted3 v26Eg8pw?t4_@ Wma`lzu`am N. & ]uoýcl`z B. (68=?). @stunoc (68=?). @stunoc `pon`bocaõioec n` pmeo`lt`s ecl ncacr mfncbolma miunc lc trmubítoec `ir`smncs. `ir`smncs. Cft`lonc n` dttp;//dcspotma.ums.`nu.bx/r`vb`nums/mrtoeuacs/v=8/l=/ncacrmfncbolma.png  Wmaa` K. & ^crr`s J. (6868). CEVCLCU - V@WOU^M BÏNOEM _ N@ @LG@VB@VÂM. Cft`lonc @LG@VB@VÂM. Cft`lonc n` Cft`lonc n`; dttps;//r`vostmb`noem.ecb/ncacr-mfncbolma-miuncuri`leoms/#@^OCACIOM