Documento #2 Integracion de Dos Modelos en El Desarrollo Del Lenguaje Oral y Escrito

 

 

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  Gostgtut` Qr`jbsg`odh H`s Hb`obs Mdrrbrd kb Qsgm`pbkdn`nãd Bsmubhd kb Bkumdmgýo Dsgnodturd6 Cbt`k`h`nãd kb hd hbmt`bsmrgturd K`mbotbs6 Y`krgn` Mdcp`s Rndhkb. - Nrgsbhkd Yã`s Zdhkçs.

GO[BNYDMGÝO KB K@] C@KBH@] BO BH KB]DYY@HH@ KBH HBONRDFB @YDH W B]MYG[@.

M@OKBCDYÃO CDIBH6 ‘Gotbnrdmgý ‘Gotbnrdmgýo o kb

Cdibh M`okbcdrão.4

Zgkd, Kgmgbcirb kb 4774, pp. 4=-94

k`s c`kbh`s bo bh kbsdrr`hh` kbh hbonudfb `rdh y bsmrgt`–, bo Hbmturd y

Hd pr`pubstd kb kbsdrr`hh` kb hbonudfb `rdh y bsmrgt` qub sb kbsmrgib bo bstb k`mucbot k`mu cbot`, `, sb gosbrtd gosbrtd kbotr` kbotr` kbh Qr`nrdcd kb cbf`rdcgbot` kb hd mdhgkdk kb bsmubhds iäsgmds kb sbmt`rbs p`irbs qub bstä dphgmdok` bh Cgogstbrg` kb Bkumdmgýo kb Meghb kbskb 4771 (Ndrmãd-Eugk`ir`, 4771). Bh Qr`nrdcd ibobjgmgd d 999.;74 ogô`s pbrtbobmgbotbs pbrtbobmgbotb s d 4=52 bsmubhds iäsgmds kbh pdãs, qub rbprbsbotdo rbprbsbotdo dpr`xgcdkdcbotb dpr`xgcdkdcbotb bh 42.4 42 .4% % kbh kb h t`td t`tdhh kb hds bsmub bs hdsuod iäsgmd iäskb gmds s nrdtug nrd tugtds tds,, kbh uigmd uigmdkds kds bo ärbd ärbds s rurdhb rurdhbs s y kb bxtrbcd p`irbzd uridod bomubhds mdkd hds rbng`obs pdãs.

Qhdotbdcgbot`s Iäsgm`s6 H`s phdotbdcgbot`s iäsgm`s kb hd pr`pubstd kb kbsdrr`hh` kbh hbonudfb `rdh y bsmrgt` s`o hds sgnugbotbs6

G.

Bstg Bstgcu cuhd hdm mgýo y k kbs bsd drr`h rr`hhh` k kb bh hbo hbonu nud dfb ` `rrdh6 dh6

H`s prgomgpdhbs phdotbdcgbot`s kbh pr`nrdcd kb bstgcuhdmgýo y kbsdrr`hh` kbsdrr`hh` kbh hbonudfb `rdh y su trdkummgýo d dmmg`obs bkumdtgvds sb rbjgbrbo d6

4. ]gn ]gnogj ogjgmd gmdk` k` y vd vdh`r h`rgzd gzdmg mgýo ýo kb hd hbon hbonud ud cdtbr cdtbrod od y kb hd gkbo gkbotgk tgkdk dk muhturdh kb h`s dhuco`s. Hd dkqugsgmgýo kb hd hbonud cdtbrod sgnogjgmd sgcuhtäobdcbotb hd gosmrgpmgýo kbh ogô` bo uo bot`ro` muhturdh qub kd j`rcd d sus pbosdcgbot`s, pbrmbpmgýo y m`cprbosgýo kbh cuok`. Hd hbon hbonud ud cdtb cdtbrrod, od, bs kbmg kbmgr, r, hd hbon hbonud ud edih edihd dkd p`r p`r sus sus pdkr pdkrbs bs y su m`cuogkdk, m`ostgtuyb bh cbkg` odturdh kb bxprbsgýo kbh ogô`. Fustdcbotb p`r sbr cdtbrod tgbob pdrd çh uo dht` vdh`r bc`mg`odh. Wd qub cbkgdotb bhhd sb gotbnrd d su muhturd y d su m`cuogkdk< bs hd qub hb pbrcgtb bh pr`mbs` kb mdptdr bh cuok` uok` y botb botbok okbr brh` h` kdk` kdk` qub qub d tr trdv dvçs çs kb bhhd hhd rbngs bngstr trd d y m`kg m`kgjg jgmd md su bxpbrgbomgd muhturdh. Bh ogô` dprbokb p`r cbkg` kb su hbonud cdtbrod d pbosdr, d phdotbdr y rbs`hvbr pr`ihbcds, d bxprbsdr sus bc`mg`obs y sus jdotdsãds, d rb rbmgi mgigr gr y kdr gostrumm gostrummg`o g`obs bs y o`rcd o`rcds, s, d gotbr gotbrg`r g`rgzd gzdrs rsb b kb h`s vdh`r vdh`rbs bs kb su m`cuogkdk, d m`o`mbr su egst`rgd y dpr`pgdrsb kb h`s sdibrbs mgbotãjgm`s. Dsã, h`s bkumdk`rbs obmbsgtdo m`o`mbr y vdh`rgzdr hd hbonud cdtbrod y bh bot`ro` muhturdh kb sus dhuco`s pdrd h`nrdr qub çst`s kbsdrr`hhbo kbsdrr`hhbo su dut`bstgcd y dut`m`ombpt` p`sgtgv` y dmmbkdo d h`s rbstdotbs dprbokgzdfbs bsm`hdrbs y dh cuok` hbtrdk`. Bstb phdotbdcgbot` tgbob bspbmgdh rbhbvdomgd bo bh mds` kb h`s 4

 M`okbcdrão,

Cdibh6 ‘gotbnrdmgýo kb k`s c`kbh`s bo bh kbsdrr`hh` kbh hbonudfb `rdh y bsmrgt`–, Hbmturd y vgkd, Kgmgbcirb kb 4774.

 

 

ogô` ogô`s s kb sbmt sbmt` `rbs p`pu p`puhd hdrrbs pubs pubst` t` qub qub nbob nbobrd rdhc hcbo botb tb kgsm`otgougkdk botrb hd muhturd (bh hbonudfb) kb su bot`ro`.

bojr bojrbo botd tdo o

9 uod uod

Bstb phdotb Bstb phdotb` ` sb bxpr bxprbs bsd d d trdvçs trdvçs kb hds sgnugb sgnugbotb otbs s dmmg` dmmg`obs obs bkumdt bkumdtgvd gvds s cbkgdtgzdkds p`r bh cdbstr`6 O` mbotrd hd bxprbsgýo `rdh bo su pbrs`od sgo`, qub bsmumed m`o gotbrçs, hds prbnu prbnuotd otds, s, bxphgm bxphgmdm dmg`o g`obs, bs, pbtgmg` pbtgmg`obs obs,, y `trd `trds s gostd gostdomg omgds ds m`cuog m`cuogmd mdtgv tgvds ds bsp`otäobds kb sus dhuco`s. Bsmumed hds m`cuogmdmg`obs bsp`otäobds kb sus dhuco`s sgo gotbrrucpgrh`s y/` m`rrbngrh`s m`o rbjbrbomgds kb edihd o`rcdtgvd. M`ovbrsd m`o odturdhgkdk m`o sus dhuco`s y pbrcgtb hd hgirb m`ovbrsdmgýo botrb pdrbs. Kurdotb bsb bspdmg` m`ovbrsdmg`odh kbotr` kb hd sdhd kb mhdsbs h`s dhuco` dhuco`s s mubotd mubotdo o bxpbr bxpbrgbo gbomgd mgds s pbrs` pbrs`od odhbs hbs ` hds kb su nr nrup` up`,, odrrd odrrdo o o`tgmgds, m`cbotdo pbhãmuhds, pgkbo m`osbf`, btm. C`kbhd y bstgcuhd hd odrrdmgýo kb doçmk`tds qub p`r su mdrämtbr eucdo`, hgvgdo` y irbvb jdmghgtdo hd m`cuogmdmgýo. m`cuogmdmgýo. C`kbhd hd odrrdmgýo kb o`tgmgds cbkgdotb bxprbsg`obs m`c`.–supgbr`o h` qub pdsý…–, ‘e`y hbã bo bh kgdrg`…–, ‘bsmumeb bo hd rdkg`…–, bst` bstgcuhd d h`s dhuco`s qub tdcigço bhh`s mubotbo o`tgmgds y bxprbsbo bxprbsbo `pgog`obs.   Q`r `trd pdrtb, hd vdh`rgzdmgýo kb hd gkbotgkdk muhturdh kb h`s dhuco`s sb trdkumb bo bxpbrgbomgds m`cuogmdtgvds qub pbrcgtbo hd bxph`rdmgýo p`r pdrtb kb h`s ogô`s kb su m`cuogkdk y kb su pdsdk` egstýrgm`, d trdvçs kb dmmg`obs m`c` 

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hds sgnugbotbs6 Govgtd Gov gtd d h`s dhuco` dhuco`s s d rbdhg rbdhgzd zdrr botrb botrbvgs vgstd tds s pbrs` pbrs`odh odhbs, bs, qub m`o`z m`o`zmd mdo o bh pdsdk` kb hd m`cuogkdk. H`s bstgcuhd d uigmdr pbrs`odfbs mçhbirbs ` jdc`s`s kb hd m`cuogkdk ` qub edydo odmgk` bo bhhd. Qubkb trdtdrsb kb uod mdotdotb, uo eçr`b, uo bsmrgt`r, uo sdot`, uo drtbsdo`, drtbsdo`, uo kbp`rtgstd, btm. Qr Qr`c `cubv ubvb b hd rbm`p rbm`pghd ghdmgý mgýo o kb trdkgm trdkgmg`o g`obs bs qub sb cdotg cdotgbob bobo o ` qub sb edo pbrkgk` bo hd m`cuogkdk, p`r bfbcph`6 bh pdsb` dhrbkbk`r dhrbkbk`r kb uod phdzd bo hds tdrkbs kb kãds jbstgv`s, mbrbc`ogds, mbhbirdmg`obs kb sdot`rdhbs ` jgbstds, rbmbtds rbmbtd s tãpgmds, fubn`s trdkgmg`odhbs, btm. @rndo @r ndogzd gzd vgsgtd vgsgtds s d hundr hundrbs bs gotbr gotbrbs bsdot dotbs bs kb hd h`mdhg h`mdhgkd kdk k s` s`hgmg hgmgtdo tdok` k` d h`s dhuco`s qub `isbrvbo m`o uod cgrdkd kgjbrbotb h` qub pr`idihbcbotb yd m`o`mbo. Bstgcuhd hd j`rcuhdmgýo y pubstd bo cdrmed kb pr`ybmt`s qub pbrcgtbo qub 

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h`s ogô`s ogô`s m`o` m` o`zmd zmdo o y ibobj ibo bjgmgb gmgbo su bot`r bot`ro` o` muhtur muhturdh, dh, m`c` m`c` p`r bfbcph bfbcph`6 `6 kbsm`otdcgodr kbsm`otdc godr hd phdzd, mugkdr h`so äri`hbs, btm.

9. Borg Borgqubm qubmgcgbo gcgbot` t` kb hd hhbonu bonud d cdtb cdtbrod. rod.  [bogbok`  [bogbok` m`c` puot` kb pdrtgkd uo prgomgpg` m`osbosudh kb hd hgtbrdturd pbkdný pbk dnýngm ngmd6 d6 ‘sb dmmbk dmmbkb b d h`s oubv`s oubv`s hbonud hbonudfbs fbs d pdrtgr pdrtgr kb h`s yd m`o`m m`o`mgk` gk`s– s–.. ]b prbtbokb qub bh cdbstr`, dkbcäs kb rbspbtdr y bstgcuhdr hd bxprbsgýo kb hd hbonud cdtbrod cdtbr od y hd gkbotgkdk muhturdh kb sus dhuco`s kb sbmt`rbs p`irbs, p`irbs, dsucd uo r`h dmtgv` bo su pr`c`mgýo muhturdh, cbkgdtgzdkd d trdvçs kbh hbonudfb. Bstd pr`c`mgýo kbib m`okumgr d qub sus dhuco`s `itbondo uo pr`nrbsgv` k`cgog` kb kgstgotds c`kdhgkdkbs kb hbonudfb, gomhuybok` bh hbonudfb o`rcdtgv` cbkgdotb bh mudh sb cbkgdtgzd bh dmmbs` d hd hgtbrdturd, d hd tbrcgo`h`nãd mgbotãjgmd y d h`s igbobs muhturdhbs kb hd s`mgbkdk bo nbobrdh. Hd hbonud cdtbrod kb h`s ogô`s sb borgqubmb kb c`k` odturdh bo hds sgtudmg`obs kb hd vgkd kgdrgd. Mudok` bstds sgtudmg`obs s`o rbpbtgtgvds ` p`irbs, bh borgqubmgcgbot` bs cbo`r.. Hd bsmubhd pubkb trdosj`rcdrsb cbo`r trdosj`rcdrsb bo uo hundr qub jdmghgtb d trdvçs kb sgtudmg`obs rbdhbs ` bstrumturdkds, sgbcprb o`vbk`sds y phbods kb sbotgk`, bh kbsbcpbô` y hd

 

 

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t` t`cd cd kb m`om m`omgb gbom omgd gd kb pdrt pdrtb b kb h`s h`s dhuc dhuco` o`s s kb kgstg kgstgot ot`s `s bstg bstgh` h`s s y/` y/` rbngs bngstr tr`s `s hgonøãstgm`s jhbxgihbs y dkdptdk`s d su m`otbxt` sgtudmg`odh. Hd bxpd bxpdos osgý gýo o kbh kbh hbon hbonud udfb fb kb h`s h`s dhuc dhuco` o`s s p`r p`r pdrt pdrtb b kbh kbh pr pr`j `jbs bs`r `r,, sg ig igbo bo sb supbrp`ob m`o hds dmtgvgkdkbs pr`pubstds pdrd bh kbsdrr`hh` kb hd hbonud cdtbrod, sb kgjbr kgj brbom bomgd gd bspbm bspbmgdh gdhcbo cbotb tb bo qub bh pr`j pr`jbs` bs`rr pr`v pr`v`md `md ` bstrum bstrumtur turd d hds kgjbr kgjbrbot botbs bs sgtudmg`obs m`cuogmdtgvds. Bstds s`o dhnuods kb hds dmmg`obs d kbsdrr`hhdr6 Bstg Bs tgcu cuhd hd hds hds gcgt gcgtdm dmg` g`ob obs s y bh fu fubn bn` ` kb r`hbs `hbs,, p`r p`r bfbc bfbcph ph`6 `6 hb pg pgkb kb d h`s h`s dhuco`s qub gcdngobo qub su pbqubô` pbrr` sb ed cbtgk` bo hd mdsd kbh vbmg vb mgo` o` y qub qub gcgt gcgtbo bo bh hbon hbonud udfb fb qub qub bcph bcphbd bdrã rãdo do tbog tbogbo bok` k` bo mubo mubotd td dh rbmbp bmbpt` t`rr. [dcigç cigço o h`s h`s govg govgtd td d gcgt gcgtdr dr c`k` c`k`s s kb edih edihdr dr bo kgvb kgvbrs rsds ds mgrmuostdomgds m`c` uo h`mut`r kbp`rtgv`, dogcdk`r rdkgdh ` tbhbvgsgv`, bh cçkgm cç kgm` ` bo su m`osu m`osuht` ht`rg` rg`,, bh pr pr`jb `jbs` s`r(d r(d)) kgmtdo kgmtdok` k` uod mhdsb mhdsb,, btm. btm. Bstds Bstds gcgtdmg`obs ` fubn`s kb r`hbs jdmghgtdo tdcigço hd t`cd kb m`omgbomgd kb hd gcp`r gcp `rtdo tdomgd mgd kb hds edighgk edighgkdk dkbs bs s` s`mgd mgdhbs hbs y kb su bstr bstrbme bmed d rbhdm rbhdmgýo gýo m`o bh hbonudfb. J`rcd nrup`s pdrd rbdhgzdr fubn`s kb kgäh`n`s m`o tbcds rbhdmg`odk`s m`o sus gotbrbsbs. Bh nrup` govbotd uod pbqubôd egst`rgd y sb rbpdrtb h`s pdpbhbs, mdrdmtbrgzdok` d mdkd uo` kb h`s pbrs`odfbs bo rbhdmgýo m`o su bkdk, sbx`, pbrs`odhgkdk, m`otbxt` m`otbxt` muhturdh, btm. Bstgcuhd hds dmtgvgkdkbs dmtgvgkdkbs kb ‘c`strdr ‘c`strdr y kbmgr– bo hd mudh h`s h`s dhuco`s tgbobo m`c` tdrbd sbhbmmg`odr y hhbvdr d hd sdhd kb mhdsb uo `ifbt`, uo dogcdh ` uod phdotd qub hbs gotbrbsb y bxphgmdr dotb sus m`cpdôbr`s sus mdrdmtbrãstgmds, sus juomg`obs m`o `trds m`sds ` sbrbs. Dp`yd dh dhuco` bo hd prbpdrdmgýo kb 

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bs bstd td m`cu m`cuog ogmd mdmg mgýo ýo j`rc j`rcdh dh y bxp` bxp`sg sgtg tgvd vd,, cbkg cbkgdo dotb tb bxph bxphgm gmdm dmg` g`ob obs s ` p`r p`r prçstdc` kb hgir`s. J`rc J` rcuhd uhd prbn prbnuot uotds ds qub bstgc bstgcuhb uhbo o d sus dhuco` dhuco`s s d bhdi`r bhdi`rdr dr,, mhdrgj mhdrgjgmd gmdrr ` mdhgjgmdr cbf`r sus rbspubstds ` sus phdotbdcgbot`s, bspbmgdhcbotb mudok` sus m`cuogmdmg`obs s`o vdnds, gcprbmgsds, bxdnbrdkds ` s`irbnbobrdhgzdkds. Bh cdbs cdbstr tr` ` pubk pubkb b kbmg kbmgrr6 ‘° ‘°Cb Cb pubk pubkbs bs kdr kdr uo bfbc bfbcph ph` ` kb h` qub qub bstä bstäs s kgmgbok`0– (Mhdrgjgmdmgýo)< ‘°Mrbb rbdhcbotb qub t`k`s rbdhcbotb s`o ` sb m`cp`rt m`c p`rtdo do dsã0– dsã0– (Mdhgjgmd (Mdhgjgmdmgýo) mgýo)=< Ndnoç) y tbogbok` bo mhdr` bh prgomgpg` kb qub ‘sb dmmbkb cbf`r d oubvds prämtgmds sýh` d trdvçs kb uod rbmupbrdmgýo rbmupbrdmgýo y sgnogjgmdmgýo kb hds dotgnuds–. Bstb m`o`mgcgb m`o`mgcgbot` ot` tbýrgm` tbýrgm`/prä /prämtgm` mtgm` dmucuhdk` dmucuhdk` tgbob sus sbcghhds sbcghhds bo kgstgotds kgstgotds jubotbs jubo tbs pdrd bstdihbmbr bstdihbmbr uod pr`pubs pr`pubstd td qub gotbnrb gotbnrb h`s dp`rtbs dp`rtbs kb hds kgstgotds kgstgotds kgsmgphgods dh mdcp` kbh dprbokgzdfb y kbsdrr`hh` kbh hbonudfb bsmrgt`. ]b trdtd kb uod pr`pubstd gotbnrdk`rd, kb mdrämtbr phurdh y cöhtgphb, o` bmhçmtgmd, kdk` qub sb cdotgbob uod dkbmudkd vbrtbirdmgýo kb t`k` h` qub sb pr`p`ob. K`s K` s c`kbh c`kbh`s `s m`ost m`ostgtu gtuybo ybo hds jubot jubotbs bs prgomg prgomgpd pdhbs hbs66 bh c`kb c`kbh` h` e`hã e`hãstgm stgm` `  y bh

c`kbh` kb kbstrbzds.

Bo bstd bstd pr pr`p `pub ubst std d bh tç tçrc rcgo go` ` c`kbh`  kbsgnod kbsgnod uo kgsbô` kgsbô` bstrumtur bstrumturdotb dotb qub dphgmdk` dh pr`mbs` hbmt`r o` m`ostgtuyb uo cçt`k`, sgo` uod pbrspbmtgvd kbstgodkd d pr`p`rmg`odr m`cprbosg`obs cäs pr`juokds dmbrmd kb hd hbmturd dsã m`c` kb sus prämtgmds trdkgmg`odhbs y dmtudhbs.  

4. Bh c c`kb `kbh` h` e`hã e`hãstg stgm` m`.. Idf` bh m`ombp ombptt` kb c`kb c`kbh` h` e`hãstgm e`hãstgm` `  sb bonh` bonh`id ido o h`s h`s dp`r dp`rtb tbs s kb hd psgm ps gm`h `hgo gonø nøãs ãstg tgmd md hd s`mg s`mg`h `hgo gonø nøãs ãstg tgmd md,, hd tb tb`r `rãd ãd kbh kbh kgsm kgsmur urs` s` y hd hds s tb tb`r `rãd ãds s m`cprbebosgvds. Bh dp`r dp`rtb tb kb hd psgm`hgonøãstgmd   (botrb muy`s govbstgndk`rbs sb kbstdmdo Jrdol rdol ]cgte, ]cgte, 47>: 47>:4, 47>:). Bh dp`rtb kb hd psgm`hgonøãstgmd sb trdkumb bo hds sgnugbotbs dmmg`obs pdrd bh cdbstr`, bo rbhdmgýo m`o bh pr`mbs` kb bosbôdozd/ dprbokgzdfb kb hd hbmturd6 - Qr`p`rmg`odr d h`s dhuco`s uo dcigbotb kbotr` kb hd sdhd kb mhdsbs qub hbs pbrcgt pbrcgtd d uod gocbr gocbrsgý sgýo o bo bh hbonud hbonudfb fb bsmrg bsmrgt` t` d tr trdvç dvçs s kb rýtuh rýtuh`s `s,,

 

 

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hbtrbr`s, dvgs`s, kgdrg` curdh, mdhbokdrg`, fubn`s kgkämtgm`s kb hbonudfb bsmrgt`, rbngstr`s kb bxpbrgbomgd, igihg`tbmd kb duhd, btm. - Irgokdr d h`s dhuco`s cumeds bxpbrgbomgds kb bsmumedr mubot`s odrrdk`s, hbãk`s ` nrdidk`s bo h`s mudhbs çst`s vdydo sgnugbok` vgsudhcbotb hds hãobd hão bds s duoq duoqub ub o` sbpd sbpdo o hbbr hbbr,, m`of m`ofuo uotd tdcb cbot otb b m`o m`o hd rbdhgz bdhgzdm dmgý gýo o kb bxpbrgbomgds m`cpdrtgkds s`irb hgir`s (E`hkdwdy, 47>7). - Bstgcuhdr d h`s ogô`s d hbbr ‘hbmturds prbkbmgihbs– (M`okbcdrão, 4771) duoqub o` sbpdo kbm`kgjgmdr. Bstds hbmturds sb kbo`cgodo prbkbmgihbs p`rqub h`s ogô`s dotgmgpdo h` qub bh dut`r vd d kbmgr d m`otgoudmgýo y hd cdobrd mýc` h` vd d kbmgr. Dpbods bh pr`jbs`r hbb uods p`mds pängods b gomhu gom hus` s` uods uods hãob hãobds ds,, h`s h`s ogô` ogô`s s kgmb kgmbo o bo v`z v`z dh dhtd td,, rbmgt bmgtdo do ` mdot mdotdo do bh m`otbogk` sgnugbotb. Nrdmgds d qub bh tbxt` bstä gcprbs` s`irb hd idsb kb su muhturd `rdh y p`rqub utghgzdo pdtr`obs rbpbtgtgv`s kb hbonudfb ` hd prbsbotdmgýo kb sbmubomgds ` kb ebme`s sumbsgv`s ` dmucuhdtgv`s. - Bstgcuhdr hd t`cd kb m`omgbomgd kb h`s hbmt`rbs (cbtdm`nogmgýo) kb sus dp`rtbs dh tbxt`. Q`r bfbcph`< pr`p`rmg`odrhbs tbxt`s pdrd sbr hbãk`s bo h`s mudhbs sb `cgtbo sgstbcätgmdcbotb pdhdirds y s`o rbbcphdzdkds p`r uod hãobd hão bd kb bxtbo bxtbosgý sgýo o m`ost m`ostdot dotb b m`o bh jgo kb qub bh hbmt`r hbmt`r m`cphbt m`cphbtb b hds `cgsg`obs s`irb hd idsb kb su bxpbrgbomgd m`o bh hbonudfb (pr`mbkgcgbot` ‘mh`zb–). Bh dp`rtb kb hd ]`mg`hgonøãstgmd  sb mdrdmtbrgzd p`r h` sgnugbotb6 Kbstdm Kbs tdmd d hd gcp`r gcp`rtdo tdomgd mgd kb bstukg bstukgdr dr bh pr pr`m `mbsd bsdcgb cgbot` ot` m`nog m`nogtgv tgv` ` d hd huz kbh m`otbxt` dcigbotdh y hgonøãstgm` k`okb `murrb. Qhdotbd qub h`s ogô`s dprbokbrãdo dprbokbrãdo hds j`rcds kbh hbonudfb d trdvçs kb su us` juomg`odh.  [  [`kds `kds hds bxprbsg`obs bxprbsg`obs kb kbsdrr`hh` kbsdrr`hh` tbcprdo` kbh hbonudfb sb gotbrprbtdrãdo m`c` bh k`cgog` pr`nrbsgv` kb pdrtb kbh ogô` kb uo ‘p`tbomgdh juomg`odh– (Edhhgkdy, 47>2). ]g bh kbsdrr`hh` kb hd hbmturd y hd bsmrgturd s`o vgst`s m`c` bxtbosg`obs odturdhbs odturdhbs kbh kbsdrr`hh` kbsdrr`hh` kbh hbonudfb `rdh bo bh m`otbxt` m`otbxt` kb hds ju juom omg` g`ob obs s kb kbsd kbsdrr rr`h `hh` h`,, bh p`tb p`tbom omgd gdhh ju juom omg` g`od odhh sb rbdhgz bdhgzdr drãd ãd cbkg cbkgdo dotb tb hd bxp`sgmgýo d bxprbsg`obs odturdhbs y m`otgouds kb us` kb hds bxprbsg`obs kbh hbonudfb. Bstgcd qub hd pdrtgmgpdmgýo fubnd uo r`h juokdcbotdh (Dtwbhh, 475=). Bstd sb rbj bjgb gbrrb d hd rbhdm bhdmgý gýo o kbh kbh tb tbxt xt` ` m`o m`o bh m`ot m`otbx bxt` t` b gov` gov`hu humr mrd d bhbm bhbmmg mg`o `obs bs vgomuh vgo muhdkd dkds s m`o m`o bh cbosd cbosdfb, fb, bh cbkg` cbkg` y bh rb rbmbp mbpt`r t`r.. Hd prgcb prgcbrd rd bhbmmg bhbmmgýo ýo bo mudhqugbr m`cuogmdmgýo bs kbtbrcgodr kbtbrcgodr sg h`s gokgvgku`s pdrtgmgpdräo pdrtgmgpdräo bo bhhd. sg h`s usudrg`s kbh hbonudfb o` kbmgkbo pdrtgmgpdr, hd m`cuogmdmgýo o` `murrgrä. ]g, p`r bh m`otrdr m`otrdrg`, g`, kbmgkbo kbmgkbo pdrtgmgpd pdrtgmgpdr, r, bhh`s t`cdräo t`cdräo uo oöcbr` oöcbr` kb kbmgsg`obs kbmgsg`obs qub djbmtdo su mdcp`, c`k` ` tbo`r (Edrstb, 4751, Edrstb y `tr`s, 475;). Hds m`cuogm uogmd dmg`ob g`obs s tdc tdcig igço ço t`c t`cdräo kbmgs bmgsg` g`ob obs s prd prdncä ncätgmd gmds rbhdmg`o g`odkds m`o bh cbkg` qub m`ohhb hhbvdrä bh cbosdfb. Bh j`rcdt` rbpr bprbsbo bsbotd tdmg mg`o `odh dh kbh kbh hbon hbonud udfb fb,, yd sbd sbd d trdv trdvçs çs kb hbbr hbbr,, bsmr bsmrgi gigr gr,, edih edihdr dr ` bsmumedr, sýh` m`ostgtugrä hd rbspubstd kbh usudrg` dh m`otbxt` sgtudmg`odh bo qub `murrb bh hbonudfb. Qhdotbd qub, dkbcäs kb hd dkqugsgmgýo p`r pdrtb kb h`s ogô`s kb hds rbnhds kbh hbonudfb, bhh`s dprbokbrãdo `trds rbnhds rbjbrgkds dh tgbcp` dpr`pgdk` pdrd edihd ed ihdrr ` pdrd pdrd pbr pbrcdob cdobmb mbrr bo sghb sghbom omg` g`,, dh us` us` kb mhdv mhdvbs bs pdrd pdrd hgon hgonøã øãst stgm gmds ds (pr`sýkgmds (pr`sý kgmds y/` nbstudhbs) y dh tgp` kb mýkgn` hgonøãstgm` d utghgzdr sbnöo sbdo h`s rbqubrgcgbot`s kbh m`otbxt` sgtudmg`odh. Dhnuo`s Dhnuo `s bfbcph`s bfbcph`s kb dmmg`obs  rbjbrgkds dh dprbokgzdfb y kbsdrr`hh` kb hd hbmturd y kb hd bsmrgturd, s`irb hd idsb kb h`s dp`rtbs kb hd s`mg`hgonøãstgmd s`o h`s sgnugbotbs6 - Bstgcuhdr d h`s ogô`s d hbbr bh cuok`, gotbrr`ndok` kb cdobrd odturdh h`s tbxt`s qub bomubotrdo d su dhmdomb, m`o bh pr`pýsgt` kb `itbobr kb bhh`s su sgnogjgmdk` (F`hgibrt, 4774). Bst`s tbxt`s s`o kb odturdhbzd kgvbrsd tdh m`c` hbtrbr hbtrbr`s `s kb hds mdhhbs, mdhhbs, pr`pdnd pr`pdndokds okds,, dvgs`s, dvgs`s, douomg`s douomg`s mdhhbfbr mdhhbfbr`s, `s,

 

 

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tãtuh`s kb hgir`s ` tgtuhdrbs kb kgdrg`s y rbvgstds, btgqubtds kb bovdsbs y cume`s `tr`s. H`s ogô`s rbdhgzdo m`o bstb jgo mdcgodtds kb hbmturd  p`r su idrrg` ` m`hbng` b gomrbcbotdo su cuok` hbtrdk` bo hd sdhd kb mhdsbs m`o hd utghgzdmgýo kb h`s tbxt`s gcprbs`s juomg`odhbs qub bxgstbo bo su bot`ro`. Qr`c`v `vbr br hd hbmt hbmtur urd d kb rbngs kbmgr,, tbxt` tbxt`s s - Qr`c rbngstr`s tr`s kb bxpb bxpbrgbo rgbomgds mgds,,  bs kbmgr kg kgmt mtdk dk`s `s dh pr`j pr`jbs bs`r `r ` bsmr bsmrgt gt`s `s p`r p`r çh k`ok k`okb b sb edo edo gcpr gcprbs bs` ` hd hds s bxpbrgbomgds vgvgkds p`r h`s ogô`s bo kgjbrbotbs m`otbxt`s sgtudmg`odhbs. - Edmbr bxphãmgt` d h`s ogô`s bh pr`pýsgt` pdrd hbbr y prbsbotdrhbs, p`r bokb, tbxt` tbxt`s s qub sd sdtgs tgsjd jdndo ndo kgvbrs kgvbrsds ds obmbs obmbsgkd gkdkbs kbs y juomg` juomg`obs obs66 hbbr, hbbr, mdrtd mdrtds, s, govgtdmg` govgt dmg`obs, obs, sdhuk`s sdhuk`s (juomgýo (juomgýo gotbrdmt gotbrdmtgvd) gvd)66 iusmdr iusmdr goj`rcd goj`rcdmgýo mgýo (juomgýo (juomgýo eburãs ebu rãstgm tgmd) d)) >),, Idrt Idrthb hbtt tt (47= (47=9) 9) y p`r p`r Qgd gdnb nbt, t, pdrd pdrd dphgmd dph gmdrh` rh` d hd `rnd `rndogzd ogzdmgý mgýo o bstrum bstrumtur turdot dotb b qub bfbr bfbrmb bh hbmt` hbmt`rr s` s`ir irb b bh tbxt` tbxt` cgbotrds gotbrdmtöd m`o çh. H`s H` s c`kb c`kbh` h`s s kb hbon hbonud udfb fb idsd idsdk` k`s s bo hd tb`r tb`rãd ãd kbh kgsm kgsmurs` urs`  kbrgvdo prgomgpdhcbotb kb hd tb`rãd hgtbrdrgd, hd rbtýrgmd y hd bstghãstgmd (Irbwbr, 4751) y kb hds nrdcätg nrdcätgmds mds tbxtu tbxtudh dhbs bs (Nrgcb (Nrgcbs, s, 4751 4751= 47>=)< )< y h`s c`kbh`s m`cprbebosgv`s, kb hd psgm`h`nãd m`nogtgvd y kb h`s mdcp`s kb hd cbc`rgd, rdz`odcgbot` rdz`odcgbot ` gotbhbmtudh, tb`rãd kbh bsqubcd y nrdcätgmds tbxtudhbs. H`s edihdotbs odtgv`s kb uod hbonud sbrãdo mdpdmbs kb pr`mbsdr, pr`mbsdr, pr`kumgr, rbmgigr b gotbrprbtdr tbxt`s y kgsmurs`s kg smurs`s bo sus rbhdmg`obs rbhdmg`obs sgnogjgmdtgvds uogjgmdkds y o` cbrdcbotb m`c` uod sbmubomgd kb `rdmg`obs (Nrgcbs. 47:5, Edhhgkdy y Edsdo, 47>:< Zdo Kgfl, 47>=).   Bo nbob nbobrd rdh, h, hds hds bstr bstrum umtu turd rds s y hd hds s mdrd mdrdmt mtbr brãs ãstg tgmd mds s kb h` gcpr gcprbs bs` ` pr`p`r pr` p`rmg`od mg`odo o uo tbxt` tbxt` p`tbomgd p`tbomgdhh (Edrstb, (Edrstb, ^``kwd ^``kwdrr y Iurlb, Iurlb, 475;). 475;). Dh hbbr bh usud us udrg rg` ` m`ov m`ovbr brtg tgrã rãd d bsb bsb p`tb p`tbom omgd gdhh bo uod uod gost gostd domgd omgd rbdh bdh mr mrbd bdok ok` ` rbkbs bkbs sgnogjgmdtgvds kb kbibrãdo sbr gojbrgk`s d pdrtgr kb mhdvbs gcprbsds, pbr` qub o` bstdrãdo bxphãmgtds bo bhhds.  [  [dot` dot` bh dprbokgzdfb dprbokgzdfb kb hd hbonud m`c` bh kb hd bstrumturd tbokrãdo bo m`cöo hd tdrbd kb distrdbr hds bstrumturds suiydmbotbs kb uod vdrgbkdk kb kgsmurs`s, mhdsgjgmdrhds bo hd cbc`rgd y utghgzdrhds pdrd dp`ydr hd m`cprbosgýo m`cprbosgýo kb h`s kgsmurs`s edihdk`s y bsmrgt`s y hd pr`kummgýo kbh sgnogjgmdk`td sbd bo tbxt`s edihdk`s ` bsmrgt`s. Ro bsqubcd gcp`rtdotb pdrd m`ostrugr ` rbm`ostrugr bh sgnogjgmdk` bstdrãd m`ostgtuãk` p`r bh m`o`mgcgbot` qub p`sbb bh hbmt`r kb hd bstrumturd kbh tbxt`. tbxt`. Hd bstrumturd tbxtudh tbxtudh (yd sbd kb uo mubot`, jäiuhd, o`tgmgd, mdrtd, btm.) gojhugrãd bo hd m`cprbosgýo y bh rbmubrk` kb hd goj`rcdmgýo hbãkd. [dcigço m`otrgiugrãd d hd mrbdmgýo kb oubv`s tbxt`s, yd sbdo `rdhbs ` bsmrgt`s. Hds prgomgpdhbs dmmg`obs pbkdnýngmds d pdrtgr kb h`s dp`rtbs kb hd tb`rãd kbh kgsmurs` y kb hds tb`rãds m`cprbebosgvds sb rbjgbrbo d6

 

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Qr Qrbs bsbot botdr drhbs hbs d h`s ogô`s ogô`s tbxt` tbxt`s s m`o m`o bstru bstrumtu mturd rds s mhdrd mhdrdcbo cbotb tb kbjgog kbjgogkd kds, s, bvgtdok` hd hbmturd o` sgnogjgmdtgvd kb pdhdirds u `rdmg`obs dgshdkds y sgo sbotgk` pdrd bhh`s. Kbstdmdr hd gcp`rtdomgd kbh m`o`mgcgbot` kb hd bstrumturd kbh tbxt` p`r pdrtb kbh hbmt`r bo hd m`ostrummgýo ` rbm`ostrummgýo kbh tbxt` qub bstä hbybok`. @isbrv @is brvdr dr hd gojhub gojhubomg omgd d kb hds kgstgo kgstgotd tds s pr pr`p `pgbk gbkdkb dkbs s kbh tbxt` tbxt` s` s`ir irb b bh botbokgcg botb okgcgbot` bot` kbh hbmt`r hbmt`r y s`irb s`irb bh rb rbmubr mubrk` k` kb su goj`rcd goj`rcdmgýo mgýo s`irb kgstgotds mhdsbs kb tbxt`. Qr`p`rmg`odr d h`s ogô`s vdrgdkds bxpbrgbomgds kb hbmturd y bsmrgturd m`o bh jgo kb jdcghgdr jdcghgdrgzdr gzdrh`s h`s m`o kgjbrbotbs kgjbrbotbs bstrumtur bstrumturds ds qub kbjgobo kbjgobo kgjbrb kgjbrbotbs otbs tgp`s kb kgsmurs`s y mdptbo bh sgnogjgmdk` kb dvboturds, jäiuhds, mubot`s j` j`hl hlhý hýrg rgm` m`s, s, mdrt mdrtds ds,, rbmbt bmbtds ds,, gost gostru rumm mmg` g`ob obs, s, bt btm. m. Bst` Bst` h`s h`s mdpd mdpdmg mgtd td dmtgvdcb dmtgv dcbotb otb pdrd prbkbmgr prbkbmgr y rb rbm`r m`rkdr kdr kgjbrbotb kgjbrbotbs s tgp`s kb kgsmurs` kgsmurs`s s bo mudot` d hbmt`rbs ` bsmrgt`rbs. [dcigço h`s bstgcuhd d bxprbsdrsb bo j`rcd `rdh `rdh y bsmr bsmrgt gtd d s`ir s`irb b hd idsb idsb kb h`s h`s kgvb kgvbrs rs`s `s tgp` tgp`s s kb bstr bstrum umtu turd rds s y m`otbogk`s kb h`s kgsmurs`s qub edo dprbokgk`. Bstgcu Bst gcuhdr hdr hd bsmrgt bsmrgturd urd kb tbxt` tbxt`s s m`cuo m`cuogmd gmdtgv tgv`s `s tdhbs tdhbs m`c` m`c` sd sdhuk` huk`s s kb mucphbdô`s, jbhgmgtdmg`obs, mdrtds, dnrdkbmgcgbot`s, btm. Mrbdr Mrbdr gostd gostdomg omgds ds kb bsmrg bsmrgtur turd d mrbdt mrbdtgvd gvd p`r pdrtb pdrtb kb h`s dhuco` dhuco`s, s, p`r bfbcph`6 doçmk`tds, megstbs, dkgvgodzds, mubot`s, p`bcds y `trds. Bstgcuhdr bh cgmr`pbrg`kgsc` d trdvçs kb bsmrgturd kb o`tgmgds, mrýogmds, mrýogmds, botrbvgstds, rbp`rtdfbs, tgrds mýcgmds, j`rcdmgýo kb kgdrg` curdh, btm. Dhbotdr d h`s hbmt`rbs )ddotbs, edmbr kurdotb uo us` dmtgv` kb sus (bsqubcds m`nogtgv`s m`nogtgv`s) y kbspuçs kb m`o`mgcgbot`s hd hbmturd pdrd prbvg`s dp`ydr hd m`cprbosgýo kgrbmtd kbh tbxt`, dsã m`c` hds vdrgdkds juomg`obs kb hd gojbrbomgd.

H`s dp`rtbs kb hds mgbomgds kbsmrgtds, bonh`idkds idf` hd kbo`cgodmgýo kbo`cgodmgýo kb tgbobo obo uod p`kbr p`kbr`s `sd d  id idsb sb kb hd hds s bxphgm phgmd dmg`o mg`obs bs kb hd c`kb c` kbh` h` e` e`hã hãst stgm gm` ` tgb psgm ps gm`h `h`n `nãd ãd nboç nboçtg tgmd md bo mudo mudot` t` d kg kgsm smgp gphgo hgod d qub qub bstu bstukg kgd d h`s h`s cbmd cbmdog ogsc sc`s `s y pr`mbs`s cbkgdotb h`s mudhbs sb pdsd ‘kb h`s bstdk`s kb cbo`r m`o`mgcgbot` d h`s bstdk`s kb m`o`mgcgbot`s cäs dvdozdk`s– bo bh trdosmurs` kbh kbsdrr`hh` kbh gokgvgku` (Qgdnbt, 47>7). Mdib kbstdmdr kbstdmdr bh çojdsgs qub p`ob Qgdnbt bo bh mdrämtbr gotbrdmtgv` kb h`s pdpbhbs qub fubnd bh sufbt` y bh `ifbt` bo bh pr`mbs` kbh m`o`mgcgbot`, kbstdmdok` qub hd `ifbtgvgkdk o` m`ostgtuyb uo kdt` gocbkgdt` sgo` qub bxgnb uo trdidf` kb bhdi`rdmgýo p`r pdrtb kbh sufbt`< bh m`o`mgcgbot` dh sbr jrut` kb uod gotbrdmmgýo botrb bh sufbt` y bh `ifbt`, sbrä bsbomgdhcbotb uod m`ostrummgýo.

9. Bh c`kbh` kb kbstrbzds. Bh dp`rt dp`rtb b kbh kbh c`kbh` kb kbstrbzds  utghgzdk` utghgzdk` trdkgmg`od trdkgmg`odhcbot hcbotb b p`r h`s cdbstr`s cdbstr `s pdrd bosbôdr d kbm`kgjgmdr y p`r h`s h `s dut`rbs kb ‘sghdidrg`s– y kb tbxt`s kb bosbôdozd kb hd hbmturd, sb idsd bspbmgdhcbotb bo hd psgm`h`nãd m`okumtgstd, qub duoqub bstä nh`idhcbotb supbrdkd, supbrdkd, ed kbfdk` dhnuo`s dp`rtbs trdkgmg`odhbs qub pubkbo sbr kb utghgkdk. Bo ogonöo mds` hd utghgzdmgýo kb bst`s dp`rtbs gcphgmd dkebrgr dh m`okumtgsc` ` kbsm`o`mbr sus brr`rbs y hgcgtdmg`obs. Bstb c`kbh` m`osgkbrd m`osgkbrd hd hbmturd hbmturd m`c` uod kbstrbzd kbstrbzd uogtdrgd uogtdrgd m`cphbfd, m`cphbfd, m`os m` ostg tgtu tuãk ãkd d p`r p`r uod uod sbrg sbrgb b kb suik suikbs bstr trbz bzds ds qub qub pubk pubkbo bo sbr sbr mhd mhdrd rdcb cbot otb b gkbo gkbotg tgjg jgmd mdkd kds s y sbmu sbmubo bomg mgdk dkds ds.. Bstd Bstds s kbst kbstrrbzds bzds y suik suikbs bstr trbz bzds ds kbib kbibo o sbr sbr dprbokgkds, dprbokgkd s, sbmubomgdhcbotb, sbmubomgdhcbotb, d trdvçs kb hd gostrummgýo kgrbmtd y sgstbcätgmd kbh pr`jbs` pr` jbs`r, r, bh qub dk`ptd dk`ptd uo uo r`h r`h kgrb kgrbmtgv` mtgv` bo bh bh pr`mbs pr`mbs` ` kb dprbokgzd dprbokgzdfb fb kb kb sus sus dhuco`s. Dhnuo`s kb sus prgomgpdhbs rbqubrgcgbot`s rbqubrgcgbot`s phdotbdo qub6

 

 

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Bs obmbsdrg`, pdrd kdr uod gostrummgýo pr`juokd, pr`juokd, kbsm`cp`obr bh hbonudfb h bonudfb y bh tb tbxt xt` ` bo uod uod sbrg sbrgb b kb suik suikbs bstr trbz bzds ds kbjg kbjgog ogkd kds s p`r p`r su m`ot m`otbo bogk gk` ` bspbmãjgm`. Hds Hd s suik suikbs bstr trbz bzds ds kb hbmt hbmtur urd d y hbon hbonud udfb fb kbib kbibo o sbr sbr kgr kgrbmtd bmtdcb cbot otb b `isb `i sbrv rvdi dihb hbs s y bvdh bvdhud udih ihbs bs m`o m`o bh jgo jgo kb m`cp m`cprr`idr `idr mudh mudhbs bs edo edo sg sgk` k` dprbokgkds. Cbkgdotb uo doähgsgs kb tdrbd, hds kbstrbzds pubkbo sbr `rkbodkds bo sbmubomgds kb dprbokgzdfb d trdvçs kb hds mudhbs kbibo pdsdr t`k`s h`s dhuco`s, m`o bh jgo kb pr`nrbsdr kbskb hds kbstrbzds cäs sgcphbs edstd hds cäs m`cphbfds. Hd prbmgsgýo y hd dut`cdtgmgkdk kb hds rbspubstds kb h`s dhuco`s jrbotb d uogkdkbs kb hbonudfb, bvgkbomgdo hd bxtbosgýo bo qub uod kbstrbzd ed sg sgk` k` dpr dprbokg bokgkd kd,, dsã dsã m`c` m`c` uo dpr dprbstd bstdcg cgbo bot` t` pdrd pdrd dvdo dvdozd zdrr edmg edmgd d bh dprbokgzdfb kb uod suikbstrbzd cäs m`cphbfd. Bh dprbokgzdfb kb suikbstrbzds m`okumb nrdkudhcbotb, edmgd ogvbhbs cäs dht` kb rbokgcgbot` kb hds suikbstrbzds uogtdrgds m`cphbfds gov`humrdkds bo bh bsmumedr, edihdr, hbbr y bsmrgigr. Hd dkqugsgmgýo kbh sgnogjgmdk` bs bh rbokgcgbot` [brcgodh kbh hbbr y kbh bsmrgigr.

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Dhnuods dmmg`obs tãpgmds sunbrgkds dh pr`jbs`r, d pdrtgr kbh c`kbh` kb kbstrbzds s`o hds sgnugbotbs6 - Bstgcuhdr hd j`rcdmgýo kb uo v`mdiuhdrg` vgsudh (pdhdirds rbm`o`mgkds p`r h`s ogô`smhdvbs. d prgcbrd vgstd) p`r cbkg` kb hd bxp`sgmgýo kb mdrtbhbs m`o pdhdirds Bstgcuhdr bh dprbokgzdfb kb hds hbtrds kbh dhjdibt` y su sbmubomgd. Kbsdrr`hhdr hd t`cd kb m`omgbomgd kb bhbcbot`s kbh hbonudfb bsmrgt` tdhbs m`c` pdhdirds pdhdirds,, rgcds, rgcds, sãhdids, sãhdids, j`obcds j`obcds,, ds`mgdm ds`mgdmgýo gýo j`obcd/n j`obcd/nrdjb rdjbcd, cd, sbmubomgds kb j`obcds y m`cigodmg`obs kb s`ogk`s botrb sã. Kbsdr Kbs drr` r`hhd hhdrr bh doähgs doähgsgs gs bstrum bstrumtur turdh< dh< sujgf` sujgf`s, s, prbjg prbjgf`s f`s,, phurd phurdhbs hbs,, pdhdir pdhdirds ds m`cpubstds. Kbsdrr`hhdr edighgkdkbs y kbstrbzds bspbmãjgmds kb hd bsmrgturd j`rcdh d trdvçs kb6 -Bosbôdr sgstbcätgmdcbotb sgstbcätgmdcbotb bh c`kbh` mdhgnräjgm` qub pbrcgtd uod cbf`r hbngighgkdk kb hds m`cuogmdmg`obs m`cuogmdmg`obs bsmrgtds kb h`s dhuco`s. -Bstgcuhdr -Bstgcuh dr hd mrbdmgýo kb uod m`omgbomgd m`omgbomg d `rt`nräjgmd. -Bstgcuhdr bh k`cgog` kb bstrumturds nrdcdtgmdhbs (sgotdxgs) pr`nrbsgvdcbotb cäs m`cphbfds.

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M@OMHR]G@OB]6 Bs pr pr`i `idi dihb hb qub qub d cume cume`s `s hbs hbs hhdc hhdcdr drd d hd dt dtbo bomg mgýo ýo qub qub hd hds s pr präm ämtg tgmd mds s rbm`cbokdkds m`c` bjbmtgvds y dkbmudkds pdrd hd sdhd kb mhdsbs bstço idsdkds bo k`s c`kbh`s6 bh e`hãstgm`  y bh kb  kbstrbzds, dpdrbotbcbotb dotdnýogm`s bo hd igihg`nrdjãd dmtudh. Hd rbspubstd bs qub dci`s c`kbh`s o` tgbobo p`rqub sbr dotdnýogm`s, sgo`, qub kbibo gotbnrdrsb p`r hds h ds sgnugbotbs rdz`obs6 4. uod uod dphgm phgmdm dmgý gýo o bxmhus mhusgv gvd d y rãng rãngkd kd kbh c`kb c`kbh` h` kb kbst kbstrbzd rbzds s, tgbo tgbokb kb d jrdncbotdr hd hbmturd y hd bsmrgturd bo uogkdkbs sbpdrdkds, sgo m`osgkbrdr h`s rbmurs`s hgonøãstgm`s kbh ogô` y h`s tbxt`s kgsp`ogihbs bo su dcigbotb. Bstb puot` kb vgstd tgbob h`s sgnugbotbs rgbsn`s pdrd h`s cdbstr`s6 Tub tbondo hd gcprbsgýo qub su juomgýo prgcdrgd bs sýh` bosbôdr hds edighgkdkbs y kbstrbzds kb hbmturd y bsmrgturd qub dpdrbmbo bo h`s tbxt`s m`cbrmgdhbs. 

 

Tub bojdtgmbo kbcdsgdk` hd bosbôdozd kb hd hbmturd y hd bsmrgturd bo bh ogvbh gogmgdh, sgo cbkgdtgzdr pdrd h`s ogô`s uod gocbrsgýo bo bh hbonudfb bsmrgt`. Tub o` bojdtgmbo bh mdrämtbr juomg`odh kbh hbonudfb bsmrgt` dsã mýc` bh bcphb` kb vdrgdk`s tgp`s kb kgsmurs`. Tub o` utghgmbo hds bstrdtbngds pr`kumtgvds kb dprbokgzdfb m`c` hds yd kbsmrgtds bo bh c`kbh` e`hãstgm`. Tub o` t`cbo bo mubotd qub bh ogvbh kb m`cpbtbomgd gotbhbmtudh kb h`s ogô`s ogô `s bo uo c`cbo c`cbot` t` kbtbr kbtbrcgo cgodk` dk` kb su kbsdr kbsdrr` r`hh` hh` kbpbok kbpbokb b kb hd odturdhbzd y kbh oöcbr` kb sus bsqubcds, y kb hd cdobrd mýc` sb m`cigodo y sb m``rkgodo botrb sg. 9. Q`r `trd `trd pdrtb, pdrtb, hd dphgmdm dphgmdmgýo gýo bxmhu bxmhusgv sgvd d kbh c`kbh` e`hãstgm`, tgbokb d sbr hgcgtdkd, bspbmgdhcbotb bo hd btdpd kb dprbokgzdfb gogmgdh kb hd hbmturd y hd bsmrgt bsm rgturd urd,, sg bxmhu bxmhuyb yb bstrd bstrdtbn tbngds gds tãpgmd tãpgmds s kbh c`kb c`kbh` h` kb kbstr kbstrbzd bzds, s, p`r bfbcph`6 H`s kdt` kdt`s s kb govb govbst stgn gndm dmgý gýo o m`oj m`ojgr grcd cdo o qub qub hd tb tbcp cprd rdod od b gotb gotbos osd d bosbôdozd kb h` jýogm`, kd m`c` rbsuhtdk` uo cbf`r h`nr` nbobrdh kbh rbokgcgbot` hbmt`r (Medhh, 47>:, Nr`jj, 475:). Bh doähgsgs j`o`hýngm`, kbstgodk` d `rgbotdr dh ogô` kbotr` kbh sgstbcd kb s`ogk`s kbh edihd, d trdvçs kb hd mdptdmgýo kb hds juomg`obs kgjbrbomgdhb kgjbrbomgdhbs s kb hds pdhdir pdhdirds ds,, hd rgcd, rgcd, hd dhgtb dhgtbrd rdmgý mgýo, o, hds sghdid sghdids, s, h`s j`obc j`obcds ds,, hds sb sbmub mubomg omgds ds kb m`cig m`cigodm odmgýo gýo kbotr kbotr` ` kb hd pdhdi pdhdird rd,, btm., btm., jd jdv` v`rb rbmb mb hd (cbtdm`nogmgýo) p`r rupturd kbh mýkgn` y jdmghgtd hd t`cd kb m`omgbomgd (cbtdm`nogmgýo) 

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pdrtb kbh ogô` kb h`s bhbcbot`s m`ostgtutgv` m`ostgtutgv`s s kbh hbonudfb bsmrgt` y kb su juomg`odcgbot`. Bst`s Bst `s ebme` ebme`s s m`cpr m`cpr`i `idk` dk`s s p`r hd govbst govbstgnd gndmgý mgýo o jd jdv` v`rb rbmbo mbo bh cbf`r cbf`r kbsbcpbô` hgonøãstgm` y m`ostgtuybo hd idsb pdrd qub bh ogô` dut`cdtgmb hd hbmtur hbmturd, d, m`cpbt m`cpbtbom bomgd gd gokgsp gokgspbos bosdih dihb b pdrd pdrd dphgmd dphgmdrr hd rgmd rgmd ndcd ndcd kb rbmurs`s rbm`cbokdkds p`r bh c`kbh` e`hãstgm`.

Hd rbdmmgýo m`otrd h`s c`kbh`s m`okumtgstds m`o su dmbotudmgýo bo hd bosbôdozd dt`cãstd, bs kbmgr, dgshdkd kb hds kbstrbzds kb hd hbmturd, bs bxphgmdihb< m`c` tdcigç tdc igço o bs bxphgm bxphgmdih dihb b hd jd jdsmg smgod odmgý mgýo o qub bfbrm bfbrmbo bo h`s dp`rt dp`rtbs bs kb h`s c`kbh c`kbh`s `s e`hãstgm`s, sgo bcidrn`, tbobc`s qub bvgtdr qub bh pçokuh` sb gomhgob kbcdsgdk` bo uod s`hd kgrbmmgýo, `hvgkdok` hd gcp`rtdomgd kb hd bosbôdozd kgrbmtd gcpdrtgkd p`r bh pr`jbs`r. pr`jbs`r.  [  [`k` `k` cdbstr cdbstr` ` sdib qub d cbouk` o` idstd m`o p`obr bo m` m`otdmt` otdmt` dh dhuco` m`o bh `ifbt` kbh m`o`mgcgbot` y bo mrbdr hds m`okgmg`obs obmbsdrgds pdrd qub pubkd bxph`rdrh`. Hd cdy`rãd kb h`s m`otbogk`s qub sb trdidfdo bo hd bsmubhd prgcdrgd, s`irb t`k` d pdrtgr kbh c`cbot` bo qub kgme`s m`otbogk`s sb rbjgbrbo d `ifbt`s kbh m`o`mgcgbot` kb odturdhbzd sgciýhgmd, p`sbbo uo ogvbh kb m`cphbfgkdk tdh qub rb rbsuh suhtd td cuy kgjãmgh kgjãmgh su dsgcg dsgcghdm hdmgýo gýo sgo uo tgp` tgp` kb dyukd dyukd cume` cäs kgrbmt kgrbmtd d y j`mdhgzdkd. ‘Hd bkumdmgýo bkumdmgýo bsm`hdr, m`c` t`k` tgp` kb bkumdmgýo, bs bsbomgdhcbotb bsbomgdhcbotb uod prämtgmd s`mgdh botrb muyds juomg`obs `mupd uo hundr kbstdmdk` hd trdscgsgýo kb h`s sdibrb sdibrbs s egstýrgm egstýrgmdcb dcbotb otb m`ostrugk m`ostrugk`s `s y muhturdh muhturdhcbotb cbotb `r `rndogz ndogzdk`s dk`s– – (M`hh, (M`hh, 4771 47 71,, 4774 4774)) y pubk pubkb b sbr sbr drrg drrgbs bsnd ndk` k` bxtr bxtrdp dp`h `hdr dr hd tbok tbokbo bomg mgd d odtu odturd rdhh d hd bqughgirdmgýo qub mdrdmtbrgzd hd m`ostrummgýo kb hds bstrumturds m`nogtgvds d hd m`ostrummgýo kb kbtbrcgodk`s dprbokgzdfbs bspbmãjgm`s, m`c` p`r bf6 bh k`cgog` kbh hbonudfb bsmrgt`. Hd obmbsgkdk kb bstdihbmbr bspdmg`s kb bosbôdozd kgrbmtd d h`s dhuco`s tgbob u jubrtb rbspdhk` bo hds bxpbrgbomgds kb dprbokgzdfb cbkgdk` (B.D.C.) kb Ybuvbo Jbubrstbgo (bo ]edrr`o, 475:). Qdrd bstb govbstgndk`r, m`o cdrmdkds sgcghdrgkdkbs m`o Zgn`tsly (47>>) kb hd tbcprdod kçmdkd kb h`s =1, bh kbsdrr`hh` kbsdrr`hh` kb bstrumturds bstrumturds m`nogtgvds bo bh `rndogsc` bs bh pr`kumt` kb k`s c`kdhgkdkbs kb gotbrdmmgýo botrb bh `rndogsc` y bh dcigbotb6 hd bxp`sgmgýo kgrbmtd d h`s bstãcuh`s y bh dprbokgzdfb cbkgdtgzdk`.

 

Q`r bh B.D.C. botgbokb mýc` h`s bstãcuh`s kbh dcigbotb s`o trdosj`rcdk`s p`r uo dnbotb dnbo tb cbkgdk` cbkgdk`r, r, nbobrdhc nbobrdhcbotb botb h`s pdkrbs, pdkrbs, bh cdbstr cdbstr`, `, h`s ebrcdo`s ebrcdo`s y/` hds pbrs`ods mbrmdods dh ogô`. Bstb cbkgdk`r `rgbotdk` p`r sus m`o`mgcgbot`s, su djbmtgvgkdk, su pbrtbobomgd muhturdh, sbhbmmg`od y hb `rndogzd h`s bstãcuh`s qub h`s r`kbdo6 sb h`s bomudkrd, jghtrd y btgqubtd, mdcigd bh `rkbo dzdr`s` kb hd dpdrgmgýo kb mgbrt`s kb mgbrt`s bstãcuh`s d jdv`r kb uod sumbsgýo `rkbodkd. Bh cbkgdk`r borgqu bor gqubmb bmb hd gotbrd gotbrdmmg mmgýo ýo botrb botrb bh ogô` ogô` y bh dcigb dcigbotb otb m`o m`o gonrbk gonrbkgbo gbotbs tbs qub o` pbrtbobmbo d hd sgtudmgýo gocbkgdtd sgo` dh cuok` kb sgnogjgmdk`s b gotbomg`obs kbrgvdk`s kb nbobrdmg`obs kb dmtgtukbs, vdh`rbs, cbtds y cbkg`s muhturdhcbotb trdscgtgk`s. Bh ogô` dkqugbrb, dsã, pdtr`obs kb m`okumtd y bstrdtbngds pdrd dprbokbr y utghgzdr bh dprbokgzdfb qub sb m`ovgbrtbo bo gonrbkgbotbs gcp`rtdotbs kb su mdpdmgkdk kb sbr c`kgjgmdk` p`r hd bxp`sgmgýo kgrbmtd d h`s bstãcuh`s. Hd bxp` xp`sg sgmg mgýo ýo kgr kgrbmtd bmtd dh dprbo prbokg kgzd zdfb fb bo mudo mudot` t` dj djbm bmtd td d h`s h`s bsqu bsqubc bcds ds m`rrbsp`okgbotbs m`rr bsp`okgbotbs d hds obmbsgkdkbs bhbcbotdhbs kbh `rndogsc`, bs mgbrtdcbotb uo p`kbr`s` p`kbr` s` kbtbrcgodotb kb kbsdrr`hh`. kbsdrr`hh`. ]go bcidrn`, bcidrn`, o` p`kbc`s m`osgkbrdr qub hd bxp` bx p`sgm sgmgýo gýo kgrbmt kgrbmtd d dh dprbok dprbokgzd gzdfb fb sb sbd d hd jubotb jubotb kb kbsdr kbsdrr` r`hh` hh` kb h`s pr pr`m `mbs` bs`s s cbotdhbs supbrg`rbs ` hd nbobrdk`rd kb h`s pdräcbtr`s kb kbsdrr`hh` çtgm` ` kbh dprbokgzdfb kb m`otbogk`s muhturdhbs bspbmãjgm`s. Q`r m`osgnugbotb, h`s tgp`s kb bxp` bx p`sg sgmg mgýo ýo kg kgrrbmtd bmtd kb dpr dprbokg bokgzd zdfb fb o` pubk pubkbo bo bxphg xphgmd mdrr kbsd kbsdrr rr`h `hh` h` m`no m`nogt gtgv gv` ` kgjbrbomgdh. Bstb phdotbdcgbot` tgbob gcphgmdomgd bspbmgdh pdrd bh kbsdrr`hh` m`nogtgv`/djbmtgv` m`nogtgv`/djbmtgv` kb h`s h`s ogô` ogô`s s pbrt pbrtbo bobm bmgb gbot otbs bs d h`s h`s sbmt sbmt`r `rbs bs mdr mdrbomg bomgdk dk`s `s,, muy` muy` pdtr pdtrgc gc`o `og` g` ebrbkgtdrg` y pr`mbs` cdkurdmg`odhbs s`o sgcghdrbs d hd p`ihdmgýo nbobrdh pbr` qub obmbsgtdo tbobr bxpbrgbomgds kb dprbokgzdfb cbkgdk` pdrd ibobjgmgdrsb, bs kbmgr, pdrd sbr c`kgjgmdk`s p`r hd bxp`sgmgýo kgrbmtd dh bstãcuh` y p`r bokb pdrd gotbnrdrsb d hd muhturd kbotr` kb hd mudh kbibo dprbokbr, trdidfdr y vgvgr. Bo rbsucbo, hd pr`pubstd kb kbsdrr`hh` kbh hbonudfb `rdh y bsmrgt` kbh Qr`nrdcd kb cbf`r cbf `rdc dcgbo gbot` t` kb hd mdhgkd mdhgkdk k kb bsmub bsmubhds hds iäsgmd iäsgmds s kb sb sbmt` mt`rb rbs s p`irb p`irbs s bo Meghb Meghb,, m`ostgtuyb uod pr`pubstd digbrtd bo hd mudh t`k`s6 bspbmgdhgstds, supbrvgs`rbs y cdbst cd bstr` r`s s bstdc bstdc`s `s dprb dprbokg okgbok bok` ` fuot` fuot`s s bo uod dmmgýo dmmgýo qub o`s m`oku m`okumb mb d hd rbjhbxgýo m`o bh jgo kb nbobrdr oubvds dmmg`obs. D trdvçs kb uo tgbcp` m`osgkbrdk` kb hd dphgmdmgýo, p`kbc`s dprbmgdr qub h`s cdbstr` cdbs tr`s s pbrtbobm pbrtbobmgbot gbotbs bs dh pr`nrdc pr`nrdcd d bstäo bstäo bcphbdok` bcphbdok` oubv`s oubv`s hbonudfb hbonudfb pdrd pdrd rbjbrgrsb rbjbrgr sb dh pr`mbs` pr`mbs` kb bosbôdozd/dprbokgzd bosbôdozd/dprbokgzdfb fb kbh hbonudfb bsmrgt` y dphgmdok` sus bstrdtbngds trdkgmg`odhbs pdrd bh kbsdrr`hh` kb hds edighgkdkbs kb kbstrbzds kb hbmtur hbm turd d y bsmrgt bsmrgturd urd qub bhh`s bhh`s bstgcd bstgcdo o obmbs obmbsdr drgds gds pdrd pdrd bh cbf`r cbf`rdc dcgbo gbot` t` kb hd mdhgkdk kb h`s dprbokgzdfbs6 utghgzdmgýo pds` d pds` ` sbhbmtgvd kbh sghdidrg` ` tbxt` kb hbmtur hbmturd d ` bsmrgt bsmrgturd urd qub hbs nustd nustd,, pdhdir pdhdirds ds nbobr nbobrdk` dk`rd rds, s, bosbô bosbôdoz dozd d kb hd mdhgnrdjãd, btm. ]gcuhtäobdcbotb, ]gcuhtäobdcbo tb, surnbo bxprbsg`obs m`c`6 ‘rbdhgmç ‘rbdhgmç m`o cgs ogô`s uod mdcgodtd kb hbmturd–, ‘bstb cdtbrgdh cb sgrvb pdrd cg duhd hbtrdkd–, ‘d h`s ogô`s hbs bomdotý bsd hbmturd prbkbmgihb…–, ‘bhh`s gotbrr`ndr`o bsb hbtrbr`–, ‘kbkgquç hd tdrkb d hd bsmrgturd bsmr gturd mrbdtgvd mrbdtgvd–, –, ‘mud ‘mudok` ok` cb `hvgk`, `hvgk`, cgs dhuco`s dhuco`s cb `ihgndo `ihgndo d bjbmtud bjbmtudrr bh pbrã`k` kb hbmturd sghbomg`sd s`stbogkd– btm.  [dcigço  [dcigço hds bsmubhds dpdrbmbo dpdrbmbo cubstrds kb dgrbs rbo`vdk`s6 rbo`vdk`s6 igihg`tbmd kb duhd, kgdrg`s kgdr g`s curdhbs curdhbs juomg`od juomg`odhbs hbs m`o dvgs`s, dvgs`s, m`cuogmd m`cuogmdmg`o mg`obs, bs, jbhgmgtdm jbhgmgtdmg`obs g`obs,, rb rbmbtd mbtds, s, p`bcds, btm.< hbtrbr`s m`o mdomg`obs kb `kd ` fubn`s kb dkgvgodozds, btm. H`s cdbstr`s sgnubo prb`mupdk`s p`r hd `rt`nrdjãd, pbr` edo m`ostdtdk` qub sus dhuco`s hd dprbokbo y rbtgbobo cbf`r mudok` sdibo qub sus bsmrgt`s sbräo hbãk`s p`r sus pdrbs ` p`r sus pdkrbs. Dsã hd gotbnrdmgýo kb h`s c`kbh`s sb bstä kdok` deã… bo bh duhd.