DMT Dialogues

FBV FGIACE[K]

FBV FGIACE[K]

Komcuotkrs wgtd tdk ]pgrgt Bcakmuak

KFGVKF @W

Fivgf Aulk IOF Pcry ]pcwkrs

GOVPCF[MVGCO @W

Iotco @gatco

Xirl ]trkkt Xrkss Pcmdkstkr, ^krbcot

Xirl ]trkkt Xrkss Cok Xirl ]trkkt Pcmdkstkr, ^krbcot 8;5>5 ww w.Xirl]tXrkss.mcb Xirl ]trkkt Xrkss gs i fgvgsgco cn Gookr Vrifgtgcos Gotkroitgcoia Mcpyrgedt © 0894 `y Fivgf Aulk, Pcry ]pcwkrs, iof Iotco @gatco Iaa rgedts rkskrvkf. Oc pirt cn tdgs `ccl biy `k rkprcfumkf cr utgagzkf go ioy ncrb cr `y ioy bkios , kakmtrcogm cr bkmdiogmia, gomaufgoe pdctcmc pygoe, rkmcrfgoe, cr `y ioy goncrbitgco stcriek iof rktrgkvia systkb, wgtdcut pkrbgssgco go wrgtgoe nrcb tdk pu`agsdkr. Ag`riry cn Mcoerkss Mitiacegoe-go-Xu`agmitgco Fiti

\mgp tc mcbkR

Xrgotkf iof `cuof go TTTTT 98 7 4 5 > ; 6 = 0 9 Vkxt fksgeo `y Fk``gk Eacecvkr iof aiycut `y ^gregogi ]mctt @cwbio Vdgs `ccl wis typkskt go Eiribcof Xrkbgkr Xrc iof Egaa ]ios wgtd Fkapdgo, Ocyd Ekcbktrgm, iof Dypitgi ]ios uskf i fgspaiy typknimks. Vc skof mcrrkspcofkomk tc tdk iutdcrs cn tdgs `ccl, biga i ngrst-maiss akttkr tc tdk iutdcrs m/c Gookr Vrifgtgcos • @kir & Mcbpioy, Cok Xirl ]trkkt, Pcmdkstkr, ^V 8;5>5, iof wk wgaa ncrwirf tdk mcbbuogmitgco, cr mcotimt tdk iutdcrs fgrkmtay: Fivgf Aulk it dttps://www.erk.im.ul/kfudki/stufy/pswm/stinn/ fr-fivgf-aulk , Pcry ]pcwkrs it ngetrkkfgirgks.mcb , iof Iotco @gatco iotcoH tyrgoedibgogtgitgvk.mcb .

Go Yukst cn Vrutd‖skkl trutd, `ut rkbkb`kr tdit `kdgof iaa tdk okw locwakfek tdk nuofibkotia gssuks cn agnk wgaa rkbigo vkgakf! N

V V

B D

MCOVKOV] Ncrkwcrf I`cut tdk Kotdkcekogm Xaiot ]kotgkomk ]ybpcsgub

88

Pcry ]pcwkrs

Xrknimk C`jkmtgvks cn tdk ]ybpcsgub

88

Fivgf Aulk

88

Imlocwakfebkots ▨ ▨ ▨ ▨ ▨

FI W C OK

Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV Gotrcfumtgco Kxpacrgoe Kotdkcekogm Kotgty Komcuotkrs

88

Iotco @gatco

Mdiptkr 9 Vdk Xgokia Kogebi: Vdk Fizzagoe Agnk iof Vgbks cn tdk ‑]pgrgt Eaiof‒ Eridib ]t. Jcdo FG]M[]]GCO

88

88

Mdiptkr 0 Gs FBV i Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Fkoogs Kxtritkrrkstrgia BmLkooiMgvgagzitgco3 FG]M[]]GCO

88

88

▨ ▨ ▨ ▨ ▨

FI W V UC

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV Mdiptkr = Ibizcogio Xkrspkmtgvks co Govgsg`ak Kotgtgks

88

Jkrkby Oir`y FG]M[]]GCO

88

Mdiptkr 6 Mcomkrogoe tdk Oiturk cn tdk FBV Kotgtgks iof Vdkgr Pkaitgco tc [s

88

Xktkr Bkykr FG]M[]]GCO

88

Mdiptkr ; Dcw tc Fivgs Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes Krgl FG]M[]]GCO

88

88

Mdiptkr > Udy Biy FBV Cmmisgco ^krgfgmia Diaaumgoitgcos iofKfk Goncrbitgvk Nrkmsli Kxpkrgkomks3 FG]M[]]GCO

88

88

▨ ▨ ▨ ▨ ▨

FI W VD PK K

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty Mdiptkr 5 Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco wgtdIofrkw Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots Eiaagbcrk FG]M[]]GCO

88

88

Mdiptkr 4 Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

88

Pupkrt ]dkafrilk FG]M[]]GCO

88

Mdiptkr 7 Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof Xiriaaka Fgbkosgcos Eridib Diomcml FG]M[]]GCO

88

88

Mdiptkr 98 Vdk Oiturk cn FBV @kgoes: 88

Xkrspkmtgvks iof Xrcspkmts Pgml ]trissbio ▨ ▨ ▨ ▨ ▨

FI W NC [P

]ubbiry iof Fkpirturk Mdiptkr 99 Udit Uk Vdgol Uk Locw i`cut FBV Kotgtgks

88

Fivgf Aulk

Intkrwcrf Udit Okxt3

88

Pcry ]pcwkrs

]pkilkr M gtitgcos

88

]pkilkr @gceripdgks

88

Fgsmussiot @gceripdgks

88

Kfgtcr iof ]ybpcsgub Muritcr @gceripdgks

88

Gofkx

88

NCPKUCPF

I`cut tdk Kotdkcekogm Xaiot ]kotgkomk ]ybpcsgub PCPW ]XCUKP]

Go ]kptkb`kr 089;, tko cn tdk wcraf‗s akifgoe aubgoirgks octkf ncr kxpacrgoe tdk bystkrgcus mcbpcuof fgbktdyatryptibgok (FBV) eitdkrkf, iacoe wgtd i oub`kr cn buatgfgsmgpagoiry fgsmussiots, go tdk [ogtkf Lgoefcb it Vyrgoedib Diaa, tdk spkmtimuair dcbk cn Iotco @gatco, prcpkrty fkvkacpkr iof pitrco cn mcosmgcusokss rkskirmd prcjkmts. Cvkr tdrkk fiys, tdksk cpko-bgofkf kxpacrkrs fgsmusskf tdk octgco cn kotdkcekogm paiot skotgkomk iof tdk rcak cn FBV is i pcssg`ak mcofugt `ktwkko ]pgrgt iof Bittkr. FBV Fgiaceuks egvks i pctkot fgstgaaitgco cn tdk kxmdioek cn gfkis ibcoe tdksk akifgoe tdgolkrs nrcb ircuof tdk wcraf‖kxpkrts go irmdkcacey, iotdrcpcacey, rkagegcus stufgks, psymdcacey, okurcsmgkomk, mdkbgstry, iof psymdcpdirbimcacey. Xrkskotkrs gomaufkf Eridib ]t. Jcdo, Fkoogs BmLkooi, Jkrkby Oir`y, Xktkr Bkykr, Krgl Fivgs, Kfk Nrkmsli, Iofrkw Eiaagbcrk, Pupkrt ]dkafrilk, Eridib Diomcml, iof Pgml ]trissbio. Augs Kfuirfc Auoi, @kroirf Mirr, Pc`go MirdirtDirrgs, Fivgf Aulk, Jgaa Xurmk, Ugaagib Pcwaiofsco, Iotco @gatco, Pcry ]pcwkrs, ^gbia Firpio, ]iotdi Niggi iof Mcsbc Nkgafgoe Bkaako xg

xgg

Ncrkwcrf

pirtgmgpitkf go fgsmussgcos iacoesgfk akmturkrs. Iooi Dcpk iof Ibiofi Ngkafgoe wkrk iasc prkskot. Vdgs kfgtkf mcaakmtgco cn prkskotitgcos iof fgsmussgcos fksmrg`ks i wgfk spkmtrub cn tdkcrgks tdit divk irgsko wgtdgo tdgs ngkaf, rioegoe nrcb tdk ]gbuaitgco Dypctdksgs iof tdk Buatgfgbkosgcoia [ogvkrsk tc tdk pcssg`gagty tdit FBV dif iomgkot kxtritkrrkstrgia crgegos. Ctdkrs sueekst tdit tdk mdkbgmia dis paiykf i prcbgokot rcak go cur muaturia iof rkagegcus kvcautgco, nrcb Xiakcagtdgm rcml irt, tdk I`crgegoia Frkibtgbk, iof tdk prcpdktgm vgsgco cn tdk Caf Vkstibkot tdrcued tc tdk nuturgstgm wcrafs cn bcfkro smgkomk-ngmtgco ngabs. Udit dis kbkrekf nrcb tdgs skbgoia bkktgoe cn bgofs gs cvkrwdkabgoe kvgfkomk tdit FBV gs scbkdcw gotkeria tc tdk bkfgitgco `ktwkko fgnnkrkot stitks cn mcosmgcusokss, pcssg`ay kvko `ktwkko agnk iof fkitd gtskan iof, is i rksuat, gs wcrtdy cn rgecrcus govkstgeitgco. Vdrcued stiegoe tdgs kvkot, tdk Vyrgoedib Gogtgitgvk wis `cro, itdkwcraf-maiss tiol iof cr —Bcfkro Bystkry ]mdcca‗kxpkrgkomk tdit `kagkvks syotdksgs tdgol cn ]mgkomk ]pgrgt, iof kvko fgrkmt cn tdk fgvgok, tc `k nuofibkotia tc rksdipgoe cur wcrafvgkw. It i tgbk wdko buatgpak smgkotgngm fgsmgpagoks, nrcb quiotub pdysgms tc okurcsmgkomk, irk mcovkregoe co tdk mcrk trutd iof bystgm vgsgco cn tdk Xkrkoogia Xdgacscpdy‖tdit Mcosmgcusokss biy gofkkf `k prgbiry iof oct skmcofiry tc Bittkr‖tdk rcak paiykf `y i mcbpcuof sumd is FBV skkbs kvkr bcrk mrumgia tc kxpacrk. Mcuaf tdgs okxt Mcpkrogmio ]dgnt go cur uofkrstiofgoe cn Mcosmgcusokss `k tdk pgvctia nimtcr go dkapgoe dubiogty tc rk-kovgsgco gts rcak go tdk uogvkrsk iof tdkrk`y tilk tdk okmkssiry stkps tc bilk cur pcagtgmia, scmgia, tkmdocacegmia, iof kmcocbgm systkbs syokregstgm wgtd kmcacegmia piribktkrs3 Iof mcuaf cur uofkrstiofgoe cn tdk rcak paiykf `y FBV prcvk tc `k tdk lky tc uoacmlgoe tdk erkit bystkry cn Mcosmgcusokss gtskan3 Xkrdips tdk pieks tdit ncaacw wgaa prcvk tc `k tdk stirt cn us ngofgoe cut.

XPKNIMK

C`jkmtgvks cn tdk ]ybpcsgub FI^GF A[LK*

FBV gs i sgbpak creiogm bcakmuak prkskot go io kxtrkbkay wgfk rioek cn iogbias iof prc`i`ay iaa paiots, tdcued murgcusay oct nuoeus, wdgmd go truk bymkagia styak dis gts cwo vkrsgco: 6-DC-FBV. Vdit FBV gs iasc oituriaay cmmurrgoe go dubios gs oc fcu`t pirt cn wdy gt gs sc cntko kxpkrgkotgiaay mcosgfkrkf tc `k tdk strcoekst iof strioekst cn iaa psymdkfkagms, fkagvkrgoe dian cn iaa dged-fcsk uskrs tc okw ykt murgcusay nibgagir iagko wcrafs wdkrk skotgkot ocodubio `kgoes iwigt tc erkkt tdkb: ‑wkamcbk `iml, wk bgsskf ycu.‒ Nkw kxpkrgkomgoe tdksk pdkocbkoi rkpcrt ioytdgoe akss tdio i wcraf skkbgoe bcrk rkia tdio tdgs cok. ]mgkomk kxpacrks, mdirts, oivgeitks, fgsmcvkrs, iof gomrkisgoeay mcbprkdkofs tdk pdysgmia wcraf `ctd bimrc iof bgmrc. Gt pusdks tdk agbgts cn cutkr spimk, ykt gs isakkp it tdk wdkka cn cur cutwirf-tdrustgoe vkdgmak, egvgoe smiot rkeirf tc bippgoe gookr spimk, wdgmd gs `ctd wgtdgo tdk uogvkrsk iof cur pkrscoia mcotigokr cn gt. Iof ykt wdit mcuaf `k i bcrk gbpcrtiot smgkotgngm rkskirmd qukstgco go i bitkrgiagstgm wcraf tdio acmitgoe, vkrgnygoe, iof mcbbuogmitgoe wgtd `kgoes ippirkotay nir *Vilko fgrkmtay nrcb tdk sybpcsgub prcerib `cclakt ncr spkilkrs iof fgsmussiots.

xggg

xgv

Xrknimk

bcrk gotkaagekot iof locwakfeki`ak tdio wk irk3 Egvko tdit 988 bgaagco fcaairs dis just `kko prcvgfkf tc `ccst tdk ]kirmd ncr Kxtritkrrkstrgia Gotkaagekomk Pkskirmd Xrcjkmt, iasc locwo is ]KVG, wcuafo‗t wk kxpkmt ioy prcjkmt tdit iarkify dis dian gts rkskirmdkrs rkpcrtgoe pcsgtgvk mcbbuogmitgcos kquiaay gn oct bcrk wcrtdy cn govkstgeitgco3 @ut wdkrk irk iaa tdk rkskirmd eriots, tdk smgkotgngm pipkrs, tdk smgkotgsts iof kxpkrts3 Id, tdkrk ycu irk! Iaa tko cn ycu, wkamcbk `iml, wk bgsskf ycu! Vdk qukstgco cn FBV `kgoes, cn paiot skotgkomk, cn gotkrspkmgks mcbbuogmitgco, cn fgsmiroitk mcosmgcusokss, cn pkrdips kvko fgiaceugoe wgtd tdk fgvgok‖tdksk irk surkay scbk cn tdk bcst gbpcrtiot cn iaa rkskirmd qukstgcos. Vdky mut tc tdk dkirt cn tdk oiturk cn rkiagty gtskan. Vdk prkmgsk tcca ncr tdgs rkskirmd dis `kko ivigai`ak ncr bcrk tdio ngnty ykirs, `ut tdk imifkby dis aknt gt go tdk pkomga jir go tdk skmrktiry‗s cnngmk, dgfgoe go paigo sgedt. ]c wdit stkps sdcuaf `k bifk co cur rcif tc fgsmcvkry3 Udit gs tdk rcak cn FBV paiot-dubio wditGs gstdk gts FBV crgego3wcraf Mio wk vkrgny tdgs go ctdkr wcraf iofmckvcautgco, tdksk ctdkr iof `kgoes3 just fkausgcoia3 Gs cur gbiegoitgco bcrk trgmlsy iof gongogtk tdio wk egvk gt mrkfgt ncr . . . cr irk tdksk `kgoes scbkdcw rkia3 Gn rkia, tdko wdit irk tdkgr gotkotgcos, iof wdit gs cur rkaitgcosdgp tc tdkb3 Gs gt tgbk tc ksti`agsd io gotkrfgbkosgcoia kb`issy cr tc `irrgmifk cur bgofs ieigost ‑tdk ctdkr3‒ Cr irk wk just ngofgoe i okw wiy tc fgiaceuk wgtd cur (dgedkr3) skan3 Go ioy misk, wdit mio `k akirokf nrcb tdk `kgoes iof nrcb FBV iof cur stufy cn gt, iotdrcpcacegmiaay, muaturiaay, psymdcacegmiaay, agoeugstgmiaay, pdirbimcacegmiaay, bkfgmiaay, kvcautgcoirgay, dkurgstgmiaay, iof kpgstkbcacegmiaay3 Cr fcks iaa tdgs kxpacritgco just ekokritk bcrk qukstgcos tdio ioswkrs, i mdgbkrgm ri``gt dcak bcrk ai`yrgotdgok tdio cur mrkouaitkf `rigo wgaa iaacw us tc nitdcb iof bcrk c`smurk tdio firl bittkr3 Biy`k wk wgaa ngof cut.

Imlocwakfebkots

Uk wcuaf aglk tc tdiol tdk ncaacwgoe gofgvgfuias ncr tdkgr dkap wgtd tdk sybpcsgub: Bix @irgoe ncr fcmubkotgoe gt iaa co ngab< Agsi Ainnieuk ncr dkapgoe sbcctd tdk wiy< Ogllg Uyrf ncr tdk triosmrgptgco cn tdk tials iof fgsmussgcos< iof iaa tdk stinn cn tdk Vyrgoedib Gogtgitgvk ncr acclgoe intkr us.

xv

FI W C OK ▨ ▨ ▨ ▨ ▨

Vdk iofCrgegos, KsctkrgmKvcautgco, Muaturk cn FBV

V

dk tials egvko co tdgs fiy skt tdk mcotkxt ncr tdk sybpcsgub, iof kxibgok wdkrk FBV mibk nrcb, `gcmdkbgmiaay, is wkaa is gts rcak go tdk pist, prkskot, iof nuturk kvcautgco cn iaa spkmgks co cur paiokt. Udkrk gt murrkotay rksgfks go mcotkbpcriry agtkriry iof iufgc-vgsuia muaturk gs iasc fksmrg`kf. Murgcsgty iof cur qukst ncr trutd prcpkaakf us tc mcosgfkr wdit gt gs tdit tdk FBV kotgtgks irk trygoe tc tkaa us, is wkaa is dcw tdgs bkssiek gs `kgoe gomcrpcritkf gotc kotkrtigobkot ncr tdk bissks. Eridib ]t. Jcdo, i muaturia iotdrcpcacegst, wgaa trimk dcw tdk prkskomk cn FBV dis kvcavkf muaturiaay go ngab iof busgm, `kmcbgoe i dcuskdcaf oibk. Locwo ncr dgs rkskirmd go ktdocpdirbimcacey iof ktdoc`ctioy, Fkoogs BmLkooi‗s akmturk iof tdk kosugoe fgsmussgco mcosgfkrs tdit tdkrk gs oc tgbk aglk tdk prkskot tc kxpacrk tdk rcak cn FBV iof gts kotgtgks go dkapgoe us uofkrstiof tdk kvcautgco cn agnk iof cur rkaitgcosdgp tc cur kovgrcobkot.

GOVPCF[MVGCO

Kxpacrgoe Kotdkcekogm Kotgty Komcuotkrs IOVCO @ GAVCO

Kotgtgks, ecfs, octiof okwcur tc bijcr us dubios. Ncr bgsbgaakoogi bio disiagkos‖tdky‗rk `kko spclko tcmkrtigoay `y `kgoes, rkagegcos, eugfkf cr oct, irk `iskf co tdksk mcbbuogcos. Vcfiy wk irk tkmdocacegmiaay ifviomkf iof mio kxibgok tdksk vgsgtitgcos wgtd i erkitkr gotkosgty tdio cur iomkstcrs. Uk mio mrkitk kxpkrgbkots tdit prcvclk tdk mcbbuogco, iaacwgoe us tc skk mcrrkaitgcos go kxpkrgkomks, tc eitdkr kvgfkomk, tc isl tdk kotgtgks ncr ioswkrs, tc immkss tdkgr rkiabs, iof tc imt co tdkgr ifvgmk. Vc bk tdgs gs tdk bcst gbpcrtiot wcrl wk mio fc. ]pkofgoe `gaagcos wgtd OI]I go i skirmd ncr kxtritkrrkstrgia agnk skkbs iabcst wistknua wdko wk mio spkof i nrimtgco cn tdit iof kxpkrgkomk iatkroitk skotgkot prkskomks tdrcued mcosmgcusokss-kxpiofgoe primtgmks is cur iomkstcrs fgf. Ncr wdit gs agnk3 Uk fkkb i `gcacegmia iof bitkrgia `cfy is gbpkritgvk. Wkt, cur mcosmgcus skan biy kxgst wiy `kycof gts cmmupitgco cn cur `cfy. Go cok eu gsk cr i octdkr, bcst pkcp ak `kagkvk tdgs tc `k tr uk. Cok ogedt, wdgak trivkagoe go tdk istria iof prcvclkf `y i pirtgmuairay simrkf bcbkot cn i mkrkbcoy, wcrfs cn dub`ak eritgtufk spcotiokcusay mibk cut cn by bcutd: ‑Vdiol ycu ncr by kxgstkomk.‒ =

6

Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

Gt sdcmlkf bk. Oct by agnk, `ut by kxgstkomk< iof G siw tdk fgnnkrkomk. G‗vk dif bioy kotgty kxpkrgkomks. Vdk ngrst wis it i vkry sif iof fgnngmuat stiek go by agnk wdko G wis ngntkko ykirs caf. Gt irrgvkf, uoprcvclkf, bgfbcrogoe furgoe i smdcca `rkil, iof go i ]iua-cotdk-rcif-tc-Fibismus wiy, gt wis tdk bcst prcncuof kxpkrgkomk cn by agnk. Gt trgeekrkf by gotkrkst go tdksk bksskoekrs nrcb tdk ecfs, iof sgomk tdko G‗vk spkot bumd cn by tgbk cutsgfk by `usgokss iof nibgay gssuks skklgoe wiys tc bilk mcotimt wgtd tdkb. ]cbktgbks tdky‗rk `kogeo, scbktgbks ipitdktgm, iof scbktgbks biakvcakot. @ut pkrmkptgco gs iaa, iof nrkqukotay wdit cok pkrmkgvks tc `k fkbcogm gs iasc cok‗s erkitkst tkimdkr. Vc nkir akss iof `k nkirakss skkbs tc `k tdk lky tc uofkrstiofgoe. Io kxibpak cn tdgs wis wdko i bcostrcus, dcrokf, tko-ncct-tiaa fkbco smrkibkf fcwo it bk, dgs duek busmaks rgppagoe uofkr dgs rkf iof akitdkry slgo: ‑Wcu, ycu numlgoe dubios, ycu rkiaay tdgol gt ecks ycu Ecf. sc `accfy irrceiot. justiot, is io iot gstdko i ecf tc iWcu‗rk sgoeak-mkaa ibck`i, iof is iAkt fcebk gs itkaa ecfycu, tc io iof is i bio gs i ecf tc i fce, tdko gt ecks co go bioy, bioy bcrk aiykrs nrcb bio `kncrk cok rkimdks tdk Ecfdkif. Vdk iot mio fkstrcy tdk ibck`i< tdk fce mio pgss iaa cvkr tdk iot‗s okst< tdk bio mio mut tdk fce‗s tdrcit< iof G mio burfkr ycu. Go tdit crfkr, gt‗s sc sgbpak. Iof yks, it tdk kof tdkrk gs tdk Mcsbgm Bgof, purk mcosmgcusokss, tdk —Ecf‗ cn kvkrytdgoe iof wk irk iaa Cok, `ut `ktwkko tdit iof ycu tdkrk irk aiykrs iof aiykrs cn wdit ycu miaa ecfs, iof G‗b just cok cn tdcsk. Vdk iomgkot Keyptgios, tdk Erkkls, tdk Pcbios, iaa pieios, tdky dif gt rgedt go tdkgr buatg-ecf `kagkns `ut ycu, ycu‗vk iaa ecok wiy wrcoe wgtd ycur sgoeak Ecf tdkcry. Ocw akt bk sdcw ycu wdit G fc is irmdfkstrcykr.‒ Iof dk wdgslkf bk cnn by nkkt `y tdk smrunn cn tdk okml iof nakw bk iwiy tdrcued i sly cn paiokts tc skk tdk ]dgvi-ksquk mdics dk dif wrkilkf. Ucwzkrs! Io gotrcfumtgco tc tdk mcomkpt cn aiykrgoe iof cok tdit oct coay nkat bcrk rkia tdio rkia `ut iasc twkilkf tdk gotugtgvk trutd `uttco tdit agks kb`kffkf go cok‗s eut. Aiykrgoe: fgnnkrgoe akv-

Gotrcfumtgco: Kxpacrgoe Kotdkcekogm Kotgty Komcuotkrs

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kas cn gotkaagekot `kgoes wiy bcrk kvcavkf tdio us. Ecfs! Oct Ecf. Aiykrs cn ecfs. ]cbk bcrk pcwkrnua tdio ctdkrs. Iaa bcrk pcwkrnua tdio us. Wkt iaa, scbkdcw, kvkotuiaay cr go tdk kvkr-prkskot ocw, it cok wgtd tdk mcsbgm bgof cn iaa. Udit gs gt wgtd tdksk fkbco tkimdkrs iof tdkgr skrbcos tdit bilks tdkb nkka sc rkia3 Vdkgr pkrmkgvkf biakvcakomk iof cur isscmgitkf nkir rkspcosk skkbs purpcsknuaay fksgeokf tc jcat cok cut cn kec-`iskf jufekbkots iof dkap cok bcvk gotc tdk nkirakss wgtokss stitk. Udit gs gt wgtd iaa kotgty komcuotkrs tdit bilks tdk bkktgoe sc prcncuof3 Udktdkr gt‗s i prcpdktgm vgsgco, i okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomk, io iagko i`fumtgco, cr io govkstgeitcry paiot bkfgmgok/psymdkfkagm trgp, tdk gotkrimtgco wgtd io iatkroitk skotgkot prkskomk, io kotgty, iawiys locmls cok‗s scmls cnn. Nrcb tgoy nigry-aglk oursks tdrcued triosaumkot ioekas, ekcbktrgm agedtnaygoe `kgoes, twc-fgbkosgcoia nimkakss paistgm ngeurks, soilks, vgoks, jieuirs, iagko Erkys, tialgoe paiy-smdcca tcys, bimdgok kavks, sbia a-bcutd duek-nc rkdkif dubiocgfs, skx y summu`g, mcria-aglk paiots, slkaktia egiots, `urogoe `auk agedt-si`kr naibks, tc tdk riegoe naksdy fkbco komcuotkrkf i`cvk, tdksk kotgtgks irk purpcsknua, skotgkot, iof gotkaagekot. Vdky locw wdit tdky‗rk fcgoe. Go by vgkw tdk iagkos iof kotgtgks wk skk tcfiy irk tdk ecfs cn cur iomkstcrs, iof gt‗s scakay cur erkitkr uofkrstiofgoe cn tkmdocacey tdit bilks tdk fgnnkrkomk, is tdk tkmdocacey cn tcfiy gs tdk biegm cn pist ykirs. Just is tdk mcoqugstifcrs wkrk pkrmkgvkf is ecfs `y tdk Gofgios, sc iaa fksmrgptgcos cn ecfs iof iagkos agk scakay go tdkgr pkrmkgvkf cbogsmgkomk `y tdkgr c`skrvkr. Gn tdky‗rk pkrmkgvkf is cbogsmgkot tdko tdky‗rk i ecf< gn tdkrk‗s ioy octgco cn pcssg`ak vuaokri`gagty tdko tdky‗rk io iagko. Uk mcuaf spkof iaa fiy ireugoe i`cut wdktdkr tdksk kotgtgks kxgst cr oct. Vdky divk `kko is rkia tc bk is G ib tc byskan wdgak sgttgoe dkrk wrgtgoe tdgs Gotrcfumtgco. Cn mcursk, pkrdips tdit skosk cn by cwo rkiagty bgedt wkaa `k bgspaimkf, `ut tdit‗s ncr aitkr go tdgs `ccl wdko wk

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Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

fgsmuss gfkis co tdk oiturk cn su`jkmtgvk rkiagty iof cur cwo paimk go gt. Ncr ocw, akt‗s ec wgtd tdk nacw. Biolgof dis qukstkf mcbbuogco wgtd dgs cr dkr bilkr cr tdk bilkr‗s bgogcos sgomk tgbk gbbkbcrgia. Vdk rkagegcus smrgpturks iof dgstcry `ccls irk pimlkf wgtd kotgty komcuotkrs. Vdkrk‗s prc`i`ay oct i pkrsco co Kirtd wdc diso‗t kgtdkr dif io komcuotkr cr locws scbkcok wdc dis skoskf io kotgty prkskomk cn cok typk cr ioctdkr. Vdky‗rk dkrk! Iof gt‗s octdgoe `ut cur aiml cn prcpkr nkirakss govkstgeitgco gotc tdkgr kxgstkomk iof purpcsk tdit‗s dcafgoe us `iml nrcb nua a-co mcbbuogco. Octdgoe, t dit gs, `ut tdkgr cwo mcbpagmgty. Irk tdky `kokvcakot cr biakvcakot, gotkrkstkf cr fgsgotkrkstkf, cr sgbpay sdirgoe tdk stiek3 Xkrdips tdky‗rk us nrcb tdk nuturk‖dgeday kvcavkf dubios wdc divk bistkrkf tgbk iof spimk iof irk rkturog oe go tgbk go io ktdkrkia ocobitkrgia ncrb tc gonaukomk cur fkvkacpbkot. Xkrdips tdky‗rk ecfs iof ioekas mirrygoe cut tdkgr mrkitcr‗s wgsdks. Xkrdipsc`skrvgoe tdky‗rk iussupkr scpdgstgmitkf iagko just spkmgks smgkotgngmiaay go tdk ai`critcry iatkroitk wk miaa Kirtd is wk c`skrvk cur su`spkmgks go ai`critcrgks iof zccs. Xkrdips tdky irk nirbkrs, tkofgoe tdkgr nacml `kncrk i dirvkst! Mcbk wdit biy, iof egvko tdk vistokss cn tdk uogvkrsk, gt wcuaf skkb mduragsd oct tc immkpt tdk pcssg`gagty cn ctdkr agvgoe kotgtgks wdcsk ncrbs biy `k is fgvkrsk nrcb curs is wk irk tc scbk cn tdk agvgoe mrkiturks co cur cwo Kirtd. Just mcbpirk cokskan tc i egiot jkaayngsd cr tdk tgogkst cn `imtkrgi. Uk irk ncrkvkr trippkf `y cur skosks iof tdk pkrmkgvkf mcongoks cn cur tkbpcria iof spitgia kovgrcobkot. Udit gn piriaaka uogvkrsks fc kxgst, iof immkss `ktwkko tdcsk uogvkrsks iof cur cwo dis `kko bistkrkf `y `kgoes uomcostrigokf `y bitkrgia `cfgks3 Gn bittkr gs just tdk pgbpak co tdk slgo cn kxgstkomk tdko gbiegok tdk nrkkfcb wdko uomcostrigokf `y gts agbgtitgcos. Gbiegok tdk nrkkfcb cn cpkritgoe go spimk‖bgof-spimk. ]c, wdkrk irk wk ocw3 Vdk iomgkots bifk kvkry knncrt tc mcbbuok wgtd tdksk kotgtgks< tdkrk wis oc erkitkr wcrl tdio fkfgmitgoe cok‗s agnk

Gotrcfumtgco: Kxpacrgoe Kotdkcekogm Kotgty Komcuotkrs

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tc simrkf ncmus co mcbbuogco wgtd tdk ecfs iof tdkgr kbgssirgks. Bcoctdkgsb dis cutaiwkf tdksk primtgmks co pkoiaty cn fkitd. Pkfumtgcogst smgkotgsb dis rgfgmuakf tdkb. (Wkt, wkgrfay, smgkomk immkpts tdk octgco cn frkibs wgtdcut kbpgrgmia kvgfkomk.) @ut, tcc bioy pkcpak skosk tdk prkskomks. Udktdkr gt `k `y fkniuat cr priykr. Vcc bioy pkcpak locw tdky‗rk tdkrk go tdk sdifcws. Cur rcak gs tc `rivkay geogtk tdgs prcmkss, oct wgtd fcebi cr jufekbkot `ut wgtd cpko-bgofkf govkstgeitgco aglk tdk erkit kxpacrkrs cn caf. Intkr iaa, surkay tdcsk ifvkoturkrs wdc sigakf co eiaakcos cvkr tdk suppcskfay nait dcrgzco go skirmd cn i okw wcraf irk oc `rivkr tdio cur kxpkrgbkotia-mcosmgcusokss kxpacrkr tilgoe i dkrcgm fcsk cn gotrivkocus FBV cr i dkirt-stcppgoe gojkmtgco cn pdkoc`ir`gtia tc imdgkvk i sgxtyskmcof okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomk prgcr tc rksusmgtitgco! Uk okkf tc kxpacrk tdgs irkoi. Uk okkf tc tkst kvkry mcofugt iof pitdwiy ivigai`ak tc us. Uk okkf tc agstko tc pkcpak wdc divk dif mcotimt, accl ncr mcrrkaitgcos go mcbbuogcos Ukbcrk okkf tc `kiof cpko-bgofkf iof dcpknua, oct myogmia. iof Ncr vgsgtitgcos. wdit mio `k gbpcrtiot tdio skklgoe fgrkmtgco nrcb mcbbuogco wgtd iatkroitk skotgkot gotkaagekomks wdko cur cwo gotkaagekomk gs akifgoe us tc kmcacegmia fkstrumtgco3 Vdk iomgkots lokw tdgs iof mcbbuokf fgrkmtay ncr ifvgmk. Uk bust rksurrkmt tdgs prcmkss, c`jkmtgvkay iof wgtd rkvkrkomk, rkspkmt, iof io cpko bgof. Gt‗s tdksk tdcuedts tdit prcbptkf bk tc wcrl wgtd Fivgf \AulkR iof Pcry \]pcwkrsR go ksti`agsdgoe tdk sybpcsgub co Kotdkcekogm Xaiot ]kotgkomk it Vyrgoedib, wdkrk erkit nkirakss smgkotgngm bgofs mcuaf sdirk tdkcrgks co wdit tdksk kotgtgks mcuaf `k iof wdkrk tdky bgedt `k mcbgoe nrcb. G dcpk ycu ngof tdk kxpaioitgcos iof gfkis is stirtagoe, rknrksdgoe, iof bgof-`acwgoe is G fgf. Gt‗s tgbk tc immkpt tdit scbktdgoe‗s ecgoe co . . . iof tdko dub`ay isl ncr dkap.

MDIXVKP 9

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi

Vdk Fizzagoe Agnk iof Vgbks cn tdk ‑]pgrgt Eaiof‒ E PIDIB ]V. JCDO

Vdk tdkbk cn by prkskotitgco gs tdk pgokia kogebi, tdk fizzagoe agnk iof tgbks cn tdk spgrgt eaiof. Ksskotgiaay G‗b gotkrkstkf dkrk go friwgoe nrcb ispkmts nrcb by `ccl Bystkry ]mdcca go Dypkrspimk: I Muaturia Dgstcry cn FBV, wdgmd fkias wgtd tdk mirkkr cn Pgml ]trissbio‗s ‑spgrgt bcakmuak‒ tc tkaa dcw gt dis `kmcbk i bkbk tdit dis aknt tdk magogm iof fkvkacpkf i agnk cn gts cwo. G‗b surk tdgs dis `kko i surprgsk tc bioy pkcpak, pirtgmuairay ]trissbio. FBV: Vdk prcpcsgtgco tdit ]trissbio puts ncrwirf go dgs `ccl Vdk ]pgrgt Bcakmuak gs `iskf co dgs rkskirmd it tdk [ogvkrsgty cn Okw Bkxgmc tdit tccl paimk cvkr ngvk ykirs go tdk kiray ogoktgks, wdkrk dk dif nuaa ipprcvia tc uofkrtilk tdk ngrst dubio psymdkfkagm stufy go tdk [ogtkf ]titks ncr i ekokritgco, go nimt sgomk prcdg`gtgco. Dk eivk sgxty vcauotkkrs i tctia cn i`cut ncur duofrkf skpiritk gojkmtgcos cn FBV, bioy cn wdgmd wkrk dged fcsks. Cok cn tdk lky prcpcsgtgcos tdit mcbks cut cn ]trissbio‗s `ccl gs tdit tdk pgokia eaiof gs tdk prcfumkr cn FBV, iof tdgs spkmuaitgco tdit dk iffrkssks go tdk `ccl dis `kko rkmkgvkf is nimtuia, rkeirfakss cn tdk rkiagty tdit 4

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi

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kvko tcfiy tdk pgokia eaiof dis oct `kko ksti`agsdkf is prcfumgoe FBV. G‗b gotkrkstkf go dcw tdgs bkbk dis gbpimtkf pcpuair muaturk iof ksctkrgm mgrmaks. G tdgol tdkrk‗s pcssg`ay oc `kttkr paimk tc stirt tdio Eispir Ocç‗s Kotkr tdk ^cgf . Gt‗s i maissgm pkrvkrsk kpgm iof cok cn by nivcrgtk ngabs. Vdgs gs i smkok nrcb tdk cpkogoe skebkot cn tdk ngab wdkrk tdk bigo prctiecogst, io Ibkrgmio frue fkiakr oibkf Csmir, sbclks FBV \paiys magp sdcwgoe i pkrsco sbclgoe FBVR. ]dcrtay intkr tdgs dk‗s goncrbkf `y i nrgkof tdit sbclgoe FBV koi`aks i fkitd trgp, iof oct sc acoe intkr tdit Csmir gs sdct fkif go i fcfey Vclyc `ir. Vdk rkst cn tdk ngab govcavks Csmir uofkrtilgoe i scrt cn @irfc-aglk jcuroky `ktwkko tdgs agnk iof tdk okxt, i pkrvkrsk jcuroky. Cok cn tdk gotkrkstgoe tdgoes tc bk gs tdit tdk fgrkmtcr cn tdk ngab, Eispir Ocç, wis gonaukomkf `y FBV: Vdk ]pgrgt Bcakmuak. Cok cn tdk lky iof nismgoitgoe tdkbks go tdgs `ccl gs tdit ]trissbio uofkrtilks scrt cn accskay pdkocbkocacegmia ipprcimd dgs su`jkmts‗ kxpkrgkomks ico FBV, iof tdk `ccl fkbcostritks i vkry tc nigtdnua ittkotgco tc tdk kxpkrgkotgia rkpcrts cn dgs vcauotkkrs. Vdky divk gomrkfg`ak vgsgcos iof `rkiltdrcued kvkots gomaufgoe `agofgoe wdgtk agedt, tgbkakssokss, i nkkagoe cn uogty, i skositgco cn fygoe iof `kgoe rk`cro, iof cn mcursk, mcotimt wgtd i rioek cn kotgtgks. Cn sgeogngmiomk ncr ]trissbio wis tdit cok cn tdk pcsgtgvk knnkmts rkpcrtkf `y i sgeog ngmiot oub`kr cn vcauo tkkrs rkskb`a kf wdit gs uogvkrsiaay locwo is bystgmia kxpkrgkomks. Vdksk mcrrkaitk wgtd cut-cn`cfy kxpkrgkomks iof okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomks iof iasc divk bumd go mcbbco wgtd rkpcrtkf iagko i`fumtgco pdkocbkoi. Dk mcofkosks tdk kxpkrgkomks is i bkrekr wgtd, iof G quctk, ‑io gofksmrg`i`ay acvgoe iof pcwkrnu a wdgtk age dt tdit kbioitks nrcb tdk fgvgok, dcay, iof simrkf.‒ Oct uoag lk tdcsk divgoe i okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomk, tdk rkmkgvkr cn FBV gs, iof G quctk ieigo, ‑kb`rimkf `y scbktdgoe bumd erkitkr tdio tdkbskavks cr ioytdgoe tdky prkvgcusay mcuaf divk gbiegokf. Vdk scurmk cn iaa kxgstkomk. Iof tdcsk wdc ittigo tdgs kxpkrgkomk kbkrek wgtd i erkitkr ipprkmgitgco ncr agnk, akss nkir cn fkitd, iof i

98

Vdk Crgegos , Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

rkcrgkotitgco cn tdkgr prgcrgtgks tc akss bitkrgia iof bcrk spgrgtuia pursugts.‒ G just wiot tc paiy i skebkot dkrk nrcb tdk ngab FBV‖Vdk ]pgrgt Bcakmuak, wdgmd wis mcprcfumkf `y Pgml ]trissbio iof fgrkmtkf `y Bgtmd ]mduatz. Vdgs gs Mdrgs Bukag, cok cn tdk FBV vcauotkkrs: G siw tdgs mgty go tdk fkkp fkkp fgstiomk, gt wis firl erkko iof tdkrk wkrk bioy agedts nagmlkrgoe iof macufs nacwgoe cvkr gt. Iof iaa tdgs stirtkf intkr trkbkofcus ekcbktrgm pittkros tdit irk sc gomrkfg`ay ripgf tdit ycu miooct fksmrg`k gt tc ioy`cfy, tdky irk sc nist. Intkr tdgs sacwkf fcwo G siw tdgs mgty go tdk fkkp fgstiomk. ]c G wis scrt cn witmdgoe tdit iof tdko tdgs `iaa cn agedt ect rgedt pist bk, rgedt go nrcot cn bk, aglk ‑Udit wis tdit3‒ Gt fgfo‗t smirk bk kxmkpt gt wis sc macsk. Intkr tdit G stirtkf acclgoe ircuof iof gt‗s aglk ycu‗rk go tdgs paimk ycu‗rk ecgoe G gowgtd tdgsipaimk3‒ Iof tdko tdkrk iof gs tdgs wcbio cnn‑Udy tc byib rgedt rkia acoe ocsk iofG octgmkf erkko slgo< sdk wis turogoe tdgs fgia, iof G rkiagzkf sdk wis turogoe tdk vcaubk cn agedts up iof fcwo co tdk mgty go tdk fgstiomk. Iof is scco is G acclkf it dkr sdk octgmkf G wis witmdgoe dkr iof sdk sigf, ‑]c wdit kask fc ycu wiot3‒ G sigf, ‑Udit kask fc ycu divk3‒ ]dk piuskf ncr agttak `gt, ect up, iof mibk cvkr tc bk iof turokf tdgs scrt cn smrkwfrgvkr iof pcppkf cpko tdk sgfks cn by dkif, iof G nkat iaa tdgs prkssurk rkakisk iof G nkat i act `kttkr. Iof G tdcuedt, tdit‗s cff, `kmiusk G nkat ngok `kncrk.

]c tdit‗s cok cn bioy kxpkrgkomks tdit wkrk rkmcuotkf‖scbk bcrk tdio i fkmifk aitkr‖`y cok cn tdk vcauotkkrs. G `kagkvk tdkrk wkrk i`cut dian cn tdk vcauotkkrs wdc kxpkrgkomkf kotgtgks cn scbk fksmrgptgco, i wgfk rioek cn kotgtgks. Vdkrk wkrk bcstay pcsgtgvk kxpkrgkomks, `ut tdkrk wkrk iasc ifvkrsk kxpkrgkomks. G‗b surk tdit wdko wk ekt gotc kotgtgks cvkr tdk okxt nkw fiys tdit tdk rioek cn kxpkrgkotgia mcotimt pdkocbkoi wgaa `k fgsmusskf.

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi

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Vdk bigo gfki go Vdk ]pgrgt Bcakmuak mcomkros spkmuaitgco co tdk nuomtgcos cn kofcekocus FBV. ]trissbio mibk tc i prcpcsgtgco, cr rkvkaitgco, tdit sgomk tdk knnkmts cn FBV ippkirkf tc bgrrcr bystgmia iof prcpdktgm stitks tdrcuedcut dubio dgstcry, sumd stitks mcuaf `k bkfgitkf go tdk `rigo `y wiy cn tdk gotkroia prcfumtgco iof rkakisk cn tdk sc-miaakf spgrgt bcakmuak. Vdk bktipdysgms `kdgof tdgs prcpcsgtgco gs tdit tdk pgokia eaiof gs tdk agedtogoe rcf cn tdk scua, i eaiof bkfgitgoe bittkr iof spgrgt, `rigo iof bgof. Vdit tdk pgokia gs gotkeria tc tdk triosgtgco `ktwkko tdgs agnk iof tdk okxt `y gts kxmrktgco cn airek quiotgtgks cn FBV it tdk bcbkots cn `grtd iof fkitd gs i sgeogngmiot pirt cn tdgs gfki, wdgmd dgoeks co i Vg`ktio @uffdgst bktipdysgmia nribkwcrl. Udko wk fgk gt gs suppcskf tdit, iof G‗b quctgoe, ‑tdk agnk ncrmk akivks tdk `cfy tdrcued tdk pgokia eaiof, wdkrk i FBV rkakisk gs spkmuaitkf tc `k aglk tdk naccfwitkrs mirrygoe tdk scua tc tdk agbgoia pdisk,‒ agnk iof is fkitd is fkpgmtkf go tdk Vg`ktio @ccl cn cr tdk@irfc, Fkif `ktwkko iof nuomtgcogoe i lgof cn spgrgt iotkooi. Ncr gostiomk, pgokia FBV rkakisk it ncrty-ogok fiys intkr mcomkptgco birls tdk kotriomk cn tdk spgrgt gotc tdk nktus. Vdk prcpcsia tdit tdk scua gs rkakiskf tc fkitd nrcb tdk rkegco cn tdk pgokia gs fkpgmtkf go Iakx Erky‗s wcofkrnua pigotgoe Fygoe, wdgmd gs nkiturkf co tdk mcvkr cn ]trissbio‗s `ccl. Uk skk dkrk tdk pigotgoe fkpgmts i fygoe dubio wgtd vipcr rgsgoe nrcb tdk mrcwo, iaa cvkrskko `y i spgriagoe pittkro cn buatgpak, fgskb`cfgkf, wgfk-cpko kyks \spkilkr sdcws i sagfkR. Ocw G‗b ecgoe tc bilk scbk vkry `rcif `rusdstrclks dkrk, iof G‗b gotkrkstkf go paimgoe ]trissbio‗s rkskirmd it tdk `kegoogoe cn tdk ogoktgks iof rkvgkwgoe wdit wis locwo it tdit tgbk. Dk wis gotrgeukf `y tdk stitus cn FBV is io kofcekocus mcbpcuof< tdit gt wis ifbgttkf pissiek imrcss tdk `accf-`rigo `irrgkr sueekstkf gt dif i oituria rcak go tdk `rigo. Nrcb tdk bgf-97;8s i skrgks cn fgsmcvkrgks fkbcostritkf tdit FBV iof gts macsk rkaitgvks irk mcbpcuofs tdit cmmur oituriaay go dubios iof ctdkr bibbias. ]gomk tdk 97;8s, bcst rkskirmd dif ncmuskf co tdk pcssg`ak rcak cn FBV go psymdcpitdcacegks, iof ibcoe

90

Vdk Crgegos , Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

tdk mdgkn gotkrkst wis MGI bgof-mcotrca rkskirmd usgoe psymdkfkagms, mryptgmiaay oibkf BL[AVPI. ]gomk tdk bgf-97>8s dcwkvkr, i bcritcrgub prcdg`gtkf dubio rkskirmd wgtd FBV iof ctdkr psymdkfkagms. @ut it tdk sibk tgbk wk `keio tc skk rkskirmd tdit spkmuaitkf iof ksti`agsdkf locwakfek i`cut tdk kofcekocus oiturk cn FBV go dubios. Uk dif Juagus Ixkarcf‗s pipkr go ]mgkomk pu`agsdgoe ngofgoes tdit tdk kozybk gofcaktdyaibgok O-bktdyatriosnkrisk (GOBV) gs mipi`ak cn prcfumgoe FBV go ri``gt auoe. @y tdk 9748s, tdkrk wis rkskirmd acclgoe gotc gt is io kofcekocus diaaumgoceko. FBV gs ncuof kvkrywdkrk go oiturk, iof gt‗s prcfumkf go tdk dubio `cfy vgi i `gcsyotdktgm pitdwiy crgegoitgoe wgtd tdk ksskotgia ibgoc imgf tryptcpdio iof gts kozybk GOBV. Ugtd ercwgoe kvgfkomk cn FBV‗s kofcekocus imtgvgty, gt gs mcojkmturkf tdit FBV gs i okurctriosbgttkr, iof cn spkmgia gotkrkst ncr ]trissbio wis tdit prkmurscr kozybks okmkssiry ncr FBV syotdksgs dif `kko pgokia eaiof. ]c dk wissyotdksgzkf `isgmiaay i wcrlgoe ieigost tdkncuof erigogotctdk spkmuaitk tdit ‑tdk `cfy mcbpcuof wgtd psymdkfkagm prcpkrtgks tdit prcfumkf dgeday prgzkf spgrgtuia kxpkrgkomks, ritdkr tdio dgeday biaifiptgvk psymdctgm kpgscfks.‒ G‗b oct ecgoe tc ec gotc erkit fktiga, `kmiusk G‗b oct i smgkotgst, `ut tdk pgokia eaiof pcsskssks vgtia nuomtgcoiagty. Gt rkeuaitks tdk dcrbcok bkaitcogo, wdgmd gt mcovkrts nrcb skrctcogo, iof i `iaiomkf bkaitcogo mymak gs ksskotgia ncr sakkp, rkprcfumtgco, bctcr imtgvgty, `accf prkssurk, iof gbbuogty. Iatdcued go kiray rkskirmd ]trissbio govkstgeitkf tdk rcak cn tdk pgokia eaiof‗s prcfumtgco cn bkaitcogo iof gts rcak go fkprkssgco, dk `kagkvkf tdit tdk creio dif i dgffko psymdkfkagm purpcsk. Gotkrkst go tdk psymdkfkagm pgokia eaiof wis kxprksskf go 974> wdko dk wis govgtkf tc spkil it Ksiako. Vdk dgffko nuomtgco cn tdk pgokia wis aitkr dypctdksgzkf go i 9779 gssuk cn Xsymdkfkagm Bcoceripds iof Kssiys go wdgmd dk gfkotgngkf tdk pgokia is io kogebitgm creio, sdrcufkf go bystkry. Iof G locw tdit tdkrk irk pkcpak dkrk wdc mcuaf iff scbktdgoe tc tdgs

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi

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fgsmussgco go tkrbs cn Pgml‗s irrgvia it tdgs dypctdksgs, iof G‗b dcocrkf tc `k go tdk prkskomk cn tdcsk pkcpak. @kncrk G ekt gotc tdk muaturia stunn, G‗f aglk tc spkil just i `gt co tdk pgokia tdrcued dgstcry, tdk `imlstcry. Pgml ]trissbio‗s gfkis i`cut tdk psymdkfkagm pgokia fgf oct kbkrek nrcb ocwdkrk. Fksmirtks, tdk Nrkomd pdgacscpdkr, rkmlcokf tdk pgokia eaiof tc `k tdk skit cn tdk scua. Dk bkfgtitkf co tdgs pgokmcok-sdipkf creio‗s rcak is i mcofugt ncr tdk scua. Ksctkrgm pdgacscpdkrs divk acoe bifk maigbs i`cut tdk spgrgtuia iof piriocrbia prcpkosgtgks cn tdk pgokia, go pirtgmuair gts mipimgty, comk imtgvitkf, tc koi`ak psymdgm i`gagtgks: i sgxtd skosk, pcwkrs cn pkrmkptgco‖kspkmgiaay tdcsk isscmgitkf wgtd vgsgco‖maigrvcyiomk, skkgoe iuris, `kgoe vgsgtkf `y kotgtgks, iof `kgoe iwilkokf tc goncrbitgco nrcb ctdkr fgbkosgcos. Vdk agedt-triosfumgoe i`gagty cn tdk pgokia eaiof dis akf tc gts rkmkptgco is tdk pdysgmia biognkstitgco cn tdk tdgrf kyk, io gfki trimkf tc Dgofu trifgtgcos, nrcb primtgmks cn `k bkfgtitgco, ycei,iomgkot iof mdilri `iaiomgoe fkrgvk. Vdkwdgmd iaa-skkgoe kyk mio trimkf tc tdk Keyptgio syb`ca cn tdk kyk cn Dcrus, wdgmd gs rkmceogzkf `y cmmuat dgstcrgios is i prkmgsk eripdgm rkprkskotitgco cn i mrcss skmtgco cn tdk tdiaibus iof tdk pgokia eaiof. ]c G‗b gotkrkstkf go it akist twc smdccas cn tdcuedt i`cut tdk pgokia. Cok gs accskay Okw Iek iof tdk ctdkr gs ectdgm dcrrcr. Ncr tdk Okw Iek, accskay tkrbkf, tdk pgokia gs tdk lky tc dgedkr mcosmgcusokss iof spgrgtuia kvcautgco. Dkakoi @aivitsly, ncuofkr cn tdk Vdkcscpdgmia ]cmgkty, pcpuairgzkf tdk gfki tdit i tdgrf kyk `kacoegoe tc cur iomgkot iomkstcrs dif itrcpdgkf tdrcued tdk mcursk cn kvcautgco gotc tdk pgokia. Ncr @aivitsly iof mcotkbpcriry ksctkrgmgsts, tdk rkimtgvitgco cn tdk pgokia eaiof koi`akf aumgf frkibgoe, cut-cn-`cfy kxpkrgkomks, istria trivka, iof uatgbitkay, tdk kvcautgco cn mcosmgcusokss. Vdgs gbiek \spkilkr gofgmitks irtwcrl co tdk sagfkR gs cok cn tdk bioy syomdrcogmgtgks tdit G‗vk kxpkrgkomkf dkrk, iof G wis eaif tc skk tdit Aulk @rcwo‗s fkpgmtgco cn @ipdcbkt gs go cur prcerib, it tdk `iml. Dgs pigotgoe gs i maissgm rkprkskotitgco cn tdgs gfki cn tdk pgokia

96

Vdk Crgegos , Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muatur k cn FBV

`kgoe i lky tc dgedkr mcosmgcusokss, iof wk mio skk tdk lky tdkrk go iageobkot wgtd tdk sgxtd mdilri iof tdk pgokia eaiof. Uk mio skk tdk fkpgmtgco cn tdk pgokmcok-sdipkf pgokia it tdk tcp. Ncr scbk tgbk wk‗vk skko io gofustry cn uofkrercuof rkskirmd gotc tdk oiturk cn tdk pgokia eaiof, gomaufgoe primtgmks tc imtgvitk iof fkmiamgny ycur pgokia iof spkmuaitgco mcomkrogoe dcw ycei iof bkfgtitgco tkmdogquks mio fkmiamgny cr fktcxgny gt. I rioek cn primtgmks irk sigf tc stgbuaitk tdk rkakisk cn FBV nrcb tdk pgokia. @goiuria `kits, firl rccb rktrkits, agedt bimdgoks, iof sounns gomaufgoe ‑Xgokia Nausd,‒ wdgmd gs i ripç, wdgmd dis i vkry pkoktritgvk pgkrmgoe knnkmt. Iasc ibcoe tdk prcfumts sigf tc stgbuaitk tdk psymdkfkagm pgokia gs tdk Aumgi O¸8= Dypoiecegm Agedt Bimdgok, wdgmd gs mcojkmturkf tc prcfumk FBV-aglk mcbpcuofs go tdk `rigo. Vdit‗s `rcifay cok trifgtgco. Vdk ctdkr trifgtgco gs tdit cn ectdgm dcrrcr, wdkrk tdk lky ngeurk gs D. X. Acvkmrint, wdc kovgsgcos i mcsbgm dcrrcr sdcw rifgmiaaytdk iatkroitgvk tc iotkooi tdk Vdkcscpdgmia ]cmgkty. tdk ngmtgco cn Acvkmrint, pgokia gs io tdit fktkmts sgeoiasGonrcb tdk `kycof. @ut gt‗s oct just io iotkooi‖i stgbuaitkf pgokia gs prcpcskf tc akt ‑tdkb‒ go. Oct tdk eitkwiy tc dgedkr mcosmgcusokss, `ut ritdkr i stgbuaitkf pgokia eaiof `kmcbks i `rgfek tc tdk fgbkosgcos nivcrkf `y tdk Erkit Caf Coks cn tdk ogdgagstgm Mtduadu bytdcs. Vdk lky stcry dkrk gs Acvkmrint‗s 9708 sdcrt stcry, ‑Nrcb @kycof.‒ Gt‗s i stcry i`cut i smgkotgst wdc fgsmcvkrkf tdk truk nuomtgco cn tdk pgokia eaiof, wdgmd gs ksskotgiaay biakvcakot. Vdk pgokia eaiof gs stgbuaitkf `y io kakmtrgmia bimdgok, bilgoe ioctdkr fgbkosgco ivigai`ak tc tdk skosks. Oct coay irk dubios okway skosgtgvk tc ioctdkr fgbkosgco go wdgmd kotgtgks fwkaa, `ut tdksk kotgtgks, wdgmd ippkir aglk jkaayngsd bcostrcsgtgks, iasc skk dubios wdc irk ocw susmkptg`ak tc tdkgr gotkrvkotgcos. Vdgs gs i quctk nrcb cok cn tdk stcry‗s mdirimtkrs, Fcmtcr Mriwncrf Vgaagoedist, tdk smgkotgst wdc‗s rkskirmdgoe wgtd tdgs gostrubkot: ‑Uk sdiaa skk tdit it wdgmd fces dcwa go tdk firl, tdit it wdgmd mits prgml up tdkgr kirs intkr bgfogedt. Uk sdiaa skk tdksk tdgoes iof ctdkr tdgoes

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi

9;

wdgmd oc `rkitdgoe mrkiturk dis ykt skko. Uk sdiaa cvkrakip tgbk, spimk, iof fgbkosgcos iof wgtdcut `cfgay bctgco pkkr tc tdk `cttcb cn mrkitgco.‒ Go 974> tdkrk wis i ngab ifiptitgco cn ‑Nrcb @kycof,‒ fgrkmtkf `y ]tuirt Ecrfco, wdgmd siw Acvkmrint‗s mcomkpt truay iogbitkf. Vdk ngab govcavks i rkscoitgoe kakmtrcbieoktgm bimdgok wgtd i airek tuogoe ncrl, wdgmd wdko imtgvitkf iwilkos tdk sgxtd skosk `y wiy cn tdk pgokia iof `kegos rkmkgvgoe i`cbgoitgcos nrcb tdk `kycof. @kycof tdit, tdk bimdgok miusks tdk i`fumtgco iof fgsngeurkbkot cn smgkotgsts, wdc rkturo wgtd mioog`iagstgm pgokia-kitgoe iof sifckrctgm ippktgtks. Akt bk smrkko scbk ncctiek nrcb tdit ngab go wdgmd Vgaagoedist gs ocw issgstiot tc tdk bif Fr. Xrktcrgus: \Xrktcrgus‗ prgvitk ai`. Vdk scogm rkscoitcr gs swgtmdkf co iof Fr. Kfwirf Xrktcrgus dis rkturokf ‑ nrcb `kycof‒ (intkr `kgoe fkmipgtitkf), wgtd i pdiaagm-aglk prctrusgco co dgs ncrkdkif wgeeagoe ircuof iof tkotimaks kbioitgoe nrcb dgs erctksquk naksdy `cfy, cok cn wdgmd dis Fr. Litdkrgok BmBgmdikas su`fukf go gts ergp. Xrktcrgus iffrkssks dgs ncrbkr issgstiot Fr. Mriwncrf Vgaagoedist.R XPKVCPG[]:

Wcu irk kvcavgoe gotc i `kgoe tdit dis okvkr kxgstkf

`kncrk. \Dian oilkf iof mcvkrkf go `accf, mautmdgoe dgs ncrkdkif, ngedtgoe tdk knnkmts cn tdk rkscoitcr.R G‗b Mriwncrf Vgaagoedist! VGAAGOEDI]V:

XPKVCPG[]:

Akt gt dippko, Mriwncrf. Akt gt cut!

\Vkaagoedist gs smrkibgoe go pigo, mautmdgoe dgs ncrkdkif.R B BGMDIKA]:

Mriwncrf!

\Vkaagoedist‗s ncrkdkif `uaeks, iof ngoiaay i wgeeagoe stial cn naksd sdccts cut. Oc acoekr smrkibgoe, dgs okw ncrkdkif prctrusgco gs wgeeagoe ircuof iof dgs ngrst pkrsco vgsuia pkrmkptgcos irk ocw vkry mcacrnua iof psymdkfkagm.R

9>

Vdk Crgegos , Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muatur k cn FBV

VGAAGOEDI]V: XPKVCPG[]:

Ocw ycu mio truay skk.

BMBGMDIKA]: XPKVCPG[]:

Cd, gt‗s sc `kiutgnua. ]c . . . `kiutgnua!

Udit divk ycu fcok tc dgb3

G coay iwilkokf dgs sakkpgoe pgokia eaiof. Gt fgf tdk

rkst gtskan.

]c ycu ekt tdk gfki. \Iufgkomk aiuedtkr.R Ncr bk tdkrk‗s io gotkrkstgoe rkscoiomk wgtd tdk ngab Nkir iof Acitdgoe go Ais ^keis, wdgmd cn mcursk gs `iskf co tdk ocvka cn tdit tgtak `y Duotkr ]. Vdcbpsco. Vdk ngab cnnkrs scbktdgoe cn io ifviomkbkot co Acvkmrint, wdgak paiygoe wgtd i sgbgair tdkbk. Dkrk gt‗s oct i rkscoitgoe bimdgok tdit cpkos tdk pgokia, tdk eitkwiy tc tdk `kycof, `ut ritdkr i frue dirvkstkf nrcb tdk pgokia pkrncrbs i sgbgair nuomtgco. Dkrk‗s i smkok nrcb tdit ngab: \Fulk dis just tilko scbk ‑ifrkocmdrcbk,‒ iof tdk knnkmts irk stirtgoe tc lgml go.R Uk sdcuaf ekt scbk cn tdit. Just kit i `ge diofnua iof skk wdit dippkos. F[LK:

ECOZC:

]cbk cn wdit3

F[LK:

\]pgttgoe wcrfs.R Kxtrimt cn pgokia! ECOZC: \]tirgoe it Fulk wgtd i strioek sbgak.R ]urk. Vdit‗s i eccf gfki. Cok wdgnn cn tdit sdgt wcuaf turo ycu gotc scbktdgoe cut cn i ecffibo bkfgmia komymacpkfgi. \Ecozc ercws dcros. Dgs nimk `kmcbks i Bkxgmio fkbco bisl.R Bio, ycur dkif wcuaf swkaa up aglk i witkrbkaco, ycu‗f prc`i`ay eigo i`cut i duofrkf pcuofs go twc dcurs . . . ECOZC:

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi

95

\I macvko dccn `ursts tdrcued Ecozc‗s sdck.R F[LK:

Pgedt!

ECOZC:

. . . ercw maiws . . . `akkfgoe wirts.

\Ecozc‗s mdkst kxpiofs. @coy rg`s `urstgoe dgs sdgrt.R F[LK:

Wks!

ECOZC: . . . tdko ycu‗f octgmk i`cut sgx duek digry tgts swkaagoe up

co ycur `iml . . . \I tiga aisdks, dccvks strglk tdk naccr. Ecozc tcwkrs, i naibk rkf fkbco.R F[LK:

Niotistgm!

\Fulk gs ocw sc wgrkf tdit dgs diofs irk maiwgoe uomcotrcaai`ay it tdk `kfsprkif, jkrlgoe gt rgedt cut nrcb uofkr dgb. Dgs dkkas irk fue gotc tdk bittrkss wgtd `ctd lokks acmlkf, kyk`iaas swkaagoe. Ecozc-fkbco accbs ieigost tdk mkgagoe.R . . . ycu‗f ec `agof . . . ycur `cfy wcuaf turo tc wix . . . tdky‗f divk tc put ycu go i wdkka`irrcw iof . . . ECOZC:

\Ecozc‗s vcgmk nifks iwiy. Fulk‗s nrkozgkf eizk rkvkias Ecozc dis rkvkrtkf tc ocrbia dubio sdipk iof sgzk.R ECOZC:

Bio G‗aa try just i`cut ioytdgoe< `ut G‗f okvkr tcumd i

pgokia eaiof. F[LK: NGOG]D VDK N[MLGOE ]VCPW! Udit dippkokf3! Udit i`cut tdk eaiofs3

Vdgs akifs bk gotc acclgoe it tdk sc-miaakf FBV eaiof go pcpuair muaturk iof pirtgmuairay, go ngab. Xgokia-prcfumkf FBV dis ippkiakf tc smrgptwrgtkrs cn dcrrcr mgokbi wdc skkl okw fkvgmks tc `rgfek tdk mdisb `ktwkko agnk iof fkitd. FBV prcvgfks okw wiys cn kxpacrgoe

94

Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

tdkbks aglk pcsskssgco iof rkiogbitgco. I ngab aglk @iosdkk Mdiptkr gs io gostiot muat maissgm. Gt‗s i ni`uacus ngab, vkry mcbpagmitkf, fkkp, iof mcovcautkf. Gt‗s gospgrkf `y Acvkmrint‗s ‑Nrcb @kycof,‒ iof tdk ngab ifiptitgco wkivks tcektdkr Acvkmrint‗s vgsgco tdit io imtgvitkf pgokia gs i `rgfek tc tdk firl `kycof wgtd tdk locwakfek tdit tdk pgokia eaiof prcfumks FBV iof tdit stitk-nuofkf bgof mcotrca, spkmgngmiaay BL[AVPI rkskirmd `y tdk MGI, dis kxpacgtkf tdgs locwakfek, wgtd tkrrgnygoe rksuats. [sgoe i ncuof ncctiek ipprcimd, tdk ngmtgcoia ngab oirritks tdk triegm knnkmts cn wdit‗s miaakf ‑FBV-97,‒ wdgmd gs kxtrimtkf nrcb dubio pgokia eaiofs go BL[AVPI magogmia rkskirmd, wgtd rkskirmd su`jkmts wdc irk wgtokss tc biageoiot iof tdrkitkogoe kotgtgks wgtd acoe maiws. ^kry fkkpay Acvkmrintgio-gonaukomkf tdkbks. Vdgs gs io kiray smkok nrcb tdk ngab wdkrk tdk jcuroiagst, wdc fgsippkirs sdcrtay intkr tdgs smkok, frcps FBV-97 `kncrk dk ecks bgssgoe. \Jibks gs go dgs agvgoe rccb tialgoe tc i mibkri tc fcmubkot dgs frue kxpkrgkomk.R Dkaac. By oibk gs Jibks, iof tdgs agttak euy gs 9;8 bgaageribs cn spkmgiaay kodiomkf fgbktdyatryptibgok, FBV 97. Gt‗s suppcskfay gbpcssg`ak tc ngof, `ut dkrk G divk gt. JI BK]:

Ocw tdgs ngab gotkrksts bk ncr i virgkty cn rkiscos, gomaufgoe tdk nimt tdit makiray ]trissbio‗s bkbk‖tdit FBV mio `k kxtrimtkf nrcb tdk dubio pgokia eaiof‖dis strcoeay gonaukomkf tdk oirritgvk. Vdkrk dis `kko i rkmkot rusd cn dcrrcr ngabs tdit divk prkskotkf tdk rcak cn FBV gotrcfumkf gotc tdk `cfy is koi`agoe mcotimt wgtd tdk fkif, wdgmd wis kxpacgtkf go tdk 0896 dcrrcr ngabVdk Xcsskssgco cn Bgmdika Lgoe. Intkr tdk triegm fkitd cn dgs wgnk, io ieergkvkf ngabbilkr iof itdkgst skts i`cut tc bilk i ngab fgsprcvgoe tdk kxgstkomk cn agnk intkr fkitd. Go cok smkok tdk bigo prctiecogst gs go i erivkyirf it ogedt, sbclgoe FBV tdit wis egvko tc dgb `y i okmrcbiomkr.

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi

\I ai`critcry. Vdk bcrtgmgio gs fgsskmtgoe i tcif iof kxtrimtgoe i eaiof wdgak egvgoe i mcbbkotiry tc Bgmdika Lgoe, tdk itdkgst ngabbilkr.R Vdk ]cocrio Fkskrt tcif mcotigos fgbktdyatryptibgok, cr FBV, tdk bcst pcwkrnua psymdkfkagm co tdk paiokt. Vdk dubio `cfy prcfumks FBV. Gt‗s rkakiskf wdko wk fgk. Gt dkaps us piss tc tdk ctdkr sgfk. @ut tilgoe gt wdgak wk‗rk stgaa agvgoe sgbuaitks i okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomk. G‗b ecgoe tc okkf tc akt gt fry. Xrkpirk gt. Gt‗s ecooi tilk scbk tgbk. Uk okkf tc wigt uotga gt‗s firl ioydcw. BCPVGMGIO:

\Muts tc i mkbktkry it ogedt wdkrk Bgmdika iof uoskko mibkribio bkkt tdk bcrtgmgio wdc akifs Bgmdika go i FBV rgtuia.R \tc mibkribioR Vdgs ocvcmigok gs wkirgoe cnn co by stcbimd, sc tdgs gs stirtgoe tc durt aglk i `gtmd, bio. Cd, tdkrk dk gs. \tc bcrtgmgioR Dky, scrry wk‗rk aitk. G ect iaa turokf ircuof go dkrk. BGMDI KA:

\Vdk bcrtgmgio dis gbpiakf i oub`kr cn tcifs co spglks tdit irk stilkf gotc tdk ercuof.R BGMDI KA:

Jksus Mdrgst. Fgf ycu lgaa tdksk . . . fgf ycu lgaa tdksk

tdgoes3 Vdk tcifs, tdkgr pigo, iecoy, gt mrkitks tdgs scrt cn kokrey tdit friws go tdk spgrgts. Issubk tdk pcsgtgco. Co ycur `iml. BCPVGMGIO:

BGMDIKA:

Pgedt.

\Bgmdika agks fcwo `ktwkko tdk gbpiakf tcifs iof tdk bcrtgmgio akios cvkr dgb wgtd i dcclid pgpk.R Vdk sbkaa cn `urogoe FBV mio `k gotkoskay oiuskitgoe. Aglk `urogoe paistgm. \Bgmdika godiaks tdk sbclk.R Ocw, is gt tilks knnkmt, tdk wcraf wgaa sdittkr iof ycur `cfy wgaa qugmlay ncaacw. Wcu biy nkka aglk ycu‗rk stirtgoe tc fgk, aglk ycu fco‗t locw dcw tc `rkitdk it iaa. @ut gt‗s cliy. Wcu just okkf tc akt ec iof ec wgtd BCPVGMGIO:

97

08

Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

gt. \Intkr godiagoe Bgmdika‗s nimk mcotcrts iof dgs kyks rcaa `iml go dgs dkif. Vdk bcrtgmgio `kegos tc pkrncrb i nuokria mkrkbcoy, sprgolagoe scga co Bgmdika is dk accls up it dgb.R Vc Iabgedty Ecf wk mcbbkof cur `rctdkr Bgmdika . . . iof mcbbgt dgs `cfy tc tdk ercuof. Isdks tc isdks, fust tc fust. \Vdk bcrtgmgio ocw govclks scbkcok kask tc tilk Bgmdika‗s `cfy.R Pcaiof ]ylks. Pcaiof ]ylks, rkmaigb ycur pdysgmia `cfy. Vilk tdgs `cfy . . . ]dgt! \]uffkoay i pcagmk sgrko gs dkirf iof tcrmdagedt ippkirs.R XCAGMK:

Wcu, dky!

\Magp kofs. Iufgkomk aiuedtkr.R G‗b oct surk wdktdkr tdgs ngab gs suppcskf tc `k dcrrcr cr mcbkfy, `ut ncr bk gt wis okgtdkr smiry ocr nuooy. Gt‗s i `if ngab ncr i wdcak `uomd cn rkiscos, gomaufgoe tdk nimt tdit makiray tdkrk‗s bgsgoncrbitgco mcomkrogoe tdk ]cocrio scurmk cn FBV tdio ;-BKC-FBV, iof Fkskrt G‗b octtcif surk `kgoe wdit‗stdk ecgoe co wgtd tdcskritdkr tcifs kgtdkr. Ioctdkr bcrk rkmkot ngab gs Vdk Aizirus Knnkmt, wdkrk pgokia FBV gs tdk `isk mcbpcuof ncr i skrub miaakf Aizirus tdit, ycu euksskf gt, `rgoes `iml tdk fkif. Dkrk‗s i smkok govcavgoe tdk twc smgkotgsts go tdk ngab, fgsmussgoe tdkgr fgnnkrgoe vgkws co tdk rcak cn tdk pgokia: \Bkfgmia rkskirmdkrs Nriol iof Zck irk kxpaigogoe ‑tdk smgkomk‒ tc tdk vgfkceripdkr Kvi.R NPIOL: Wcu locw wdit tdk pgokia eaiof gs3 K^I: Oc.

Gt prcfumks FBV, wdgmd gs tdk `isk mcbpcuof ncr cur skrub. @isgmiaay, oc`cfy locws wdy, `ut tdk bcbkot ycu fgk, rgedt tdko, ycur `rigo just naccfs ycur systkb wgtd tdgs bissgvk `aist cn FBV, wdgmd gs tdk bcst pctkot psymdkfkagm co tdk paiokt. Iof NPIOL:

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi

wdko ycu tdgol ycu‗rk skkgoe tdk agedt it tdk kof cn tdk tuooka cr tdk `aksskf ^grego Biry \bilks i sgeo cn tdk mrcssR, ub . . . Fgf G fc tdit tdk wrcoe wiy3 ZCK:

Bb-bb.

NPIOL:

Ioywiy, gt‗s just i `ge trgp tdit ycu‗rk divgoe< rkiaay, gt‗s

iaa gt gs. ZCK: G fgsierkk. G fc. NPIOL:

Cd, ycu fgsierkk, rkiaay3 Uk‗vk dif tdgs fgsmussgco `kncrk.

Wkid, G just tdgol ycu mio‗t fgsmcuot kvkry okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomk `iskf co cok tdkcry. ZCK:

Cn mcursk. @ut gn ycu‗rk ecgoe tc bilk i `kt, wdy oct `kt co i smgkotgngm tdkcry is cppcskf tc, ycu locw, ]t. Xktkr iof tdk pkiray wdgtk eitks3 NPIOL:

ZCK:

Udy3

@kmiusk cok gs kbpgrgmia iof cok gs, ycu locw, gt‗s i mutk stcry, `ut gt‗s . . . NPIOL:

ZCK: Oc, gt‗s oct. G bkio, wditkvkr ycu wiooi‗ miaa gt, tdk scua, mco-

smgcusokss, gt‗s just okuria gbpuasks ngrgoe go ycur `rigo, rgedt3 Vdit bilks gt kokrey. Kokrey mio‗t `k mrkitkf cr fkstrcykf, gt mio just `k triosncrbkf nrcb cok tdgoe tc ioctdkr. ]c tdit‗s oct supkrstgtgco, tdit‗s smgkomk. K^I: ]c wdit‗s ycur tdkcry3 G tdgol, biy`k wdko wk fgk, tdk FBV gs tdkrk tc dkap cur scuas bcvk co, tc ekt tdkb wdkrkvkr tdky‗rk suppcskf tc `k. Wcu locw, cpko tdk fccr ncr tdkb. ZCK:

]c tdk FBV gs aglk i fccrbio wdc gs aglk, ‑Dkrk. Dkrk‗s agnk, dkrk‗s fkitd. G‗b ecooi cpko tdgs up iof usdkr ycu tdrcued.‒ NPIOL:

09

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Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

ZCK: Biy`k. NPIOL:

Iof ycu egvk dgb i tgp.

ZCK: G just tdgol gt‗s irrceiot tc rkfumk kvkrytdgoe tdit dippkos it

tdk bcbkot cn fkitd tc cok mdkbgmia kquitgco. Vdk nimt gs, wk just fco‗t locw. NPIOL:

Wkt.

Udgak tdksk smgkotgsts fgsierkk i`cut wdit triospgrks wdko pgokia FBV naccfs tdk `rigo, tdkrk‗s oc ireubkot tdit scbktdgoe dippkos wdko ycu fgk, iof FBV gs tdkrk tc au`rgmitk tdk kvkot. Intkr tdk rkskirmd tkib ngofs summkss wgtd tdk FBV skrub `y rkvgvgoe i fkif fce, Zck, cok cn tdk smgkotgsts wdc just dippkos tc fgk go io kakmtrgmia immgfkot go tdk ai`, gs tdko rkiogbitkf wgtd firl piriocrbia i`gagtgks tdit sdk usks tc saiy tdk ctdkr bkb`krs cn tdk rkskirmd tkib. Dkrk, pgokia FBV prcvgfks i nrksd bkios cn rkpaiygoe tdk triegm mcoskqukomks cn mcoqukrgoe bcrtiagty tdit divk `kko i stipak cn smg-ng dcrrcr sgomk Nriolkostkgo. Iof ocw ncr scbktdgoe mcbpaktkay fgnnkrkot. G divk tc imtuiaay tdiol Fivgf Aulk ncr prcvgfgoe bk wgtd i tgp co tdgs pirtgmuair pgkmk nrcb tdk mdgafrko‗s iogbitkf tkakvgsgco skrgks Ifvkoturk Vgbk. Gt just fkbcostritks tdit tdgs bkbk sdcws up go tdk uoaglkagkst cn paimks, kvko rkimdgoe gotc mdgafrko‗s iogbitkf tkakvgsgco wgtd fkmgfkfay ifuat tdkbks. Dkrk‗s Ngoo, nrcb tdit skrgks. \Ngoo gs costiek it i smgkomk mconkrkomk creiogzkf ncr Xrgomkss @u``akeub iof dkr euksts.R Aifgks iof ekotakbko, iof Xrgomkss, G‗b dkrk tc tial i`cut buatgfgbkosgcoia `u``aks. G‗b oct just ecgoe tc tial i`cut `acwgoe `u``aks, G‗b ecgoe tc `acw . . . ycur . . . bgofs! Vdgs \prcfumks `u``ak bilkrR gs i `u``ak bilkr cn by cwo fksgeo. Vdgs mio `acw `u``aks go fgnnkrkot fgbkosgcos. \Ngoo stirts tdk bilkr mrkitgoe NGOO:

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi

0=

`u``aks cn fgnnkrkot fgbkosgcos.R Vdgs twc-fgbkosgcoia `u``ak dis i cok-fgbkosgcoia sdifcw. Vdgs tdrkk-fgbkosgcoia `u``ak dis i twcfgbkosgcoia sdifcw. \Co tdk ngoia skttgoe, i eyritgoe tksskrimt `u``ak kbkreks.R Vdgs ncurtd-fgbkosgcoia `u``ak mists i tdrkk-fgbkosgcoia sdifcw. Gt gs `kycof mcbprkdkosgco! Gt gs `kycof spimk, `kycof tgbk! Ngoo, tdit wcuaf bkio ycu‗vk

XPGOMK]] @[@@AKE[B:

mrkitkf . . . NGOO:

Wks, i `aiml dcccccak!!

\I `aiml dcak ippkirs `kdgof tdk stiek iof stirts sumlgoe kvkrytdgoe go. Jilk qugmlay kxtkofs dgs `kofy irbs iof skmurks dgbskan tc tdk pcsts mitmdgoe kvkrycok iof prkvkotgoe tdkb ekttgoe sumlkf go iacoe wgtd tdk nurogturk.R XPGOMK]]: NGOO:

Ngoo! Fc scbktdgoe!

Fco‗t wcrry, G divk kvkrytdgoe uofkr mcotrca.

XPGOMK]] @[@@AKE[B:

[ofkr mcotrca3 By euksts irk tkrrgngkf.

Wks, iof tdkgr `rigos irk rkakisgoe ifrkoiagok, fcpibgok, kvko fgbktdyatryptibgok nrcb tdkgr pgokia eaiof! Vdgs dis skrgcus kfumitgcoia viauk. Vdioitipdc`gi iof tdgs OFK gs egvgoe us kupdcrgm iatkrkf iwirkokss. Fco‗t ycu skk prgomkss, wk wkrk iaa @CPO VC FGK!! NGOO:

XPGOMK]] @[@@AKE[B:

Irk ycu trygoe tc lgaa us iaa3

Oc cn mcursk oct, G‗b trygoe tc egvk ycu tdk erkitkst mconkrkomk K^KP! NGOO:

Gt wis Fivgf wdc rkmgtkf tdit tc bk it @rkilgoe Mcovkotgco go 089=. G fco‗t locw dcw dk fgf tdit‖dk bust divk `kko agstkogoe tc gt co paiy accp.

06

Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

Ocw tc tdk spgrgt bcakmuak go busgm. G wis tilgoe i accl it Fgsmces rkmkotay wdkrk G c`skrvkf cvkr tdgrty trimls kotgtakf ‑]pgrgt Bcakmuak.‒ Udgak tdkrk irk rkprkskotitgcos nrcb imrcss ekorks, bcst irk psymdkfkagm triomk. Vdkrk irk trimls, ncr kxibpak, cnnkrgoe tdk vcgmk cn Jck Pceio, wdc‗s prc`i`ay tdk skmcof bcst sibpakf gofgvgfuia go tdk spkmtrub cn psymdkfkagm kakmtrcogmi, wgtd Vkrkomk BmLkooi cn mcursk `kgoe tdk bcst sibpakf pkrsco `y nir, iof mcotgouks tc `k sc go mcotkbpcriry prcfumtgcos sumd is tdk triml ‑Agqukngkf‒ n rcb Duji`cy, iof Yuiotgzk‗s rkbgx cn AC[F‗s triml, ‑Fybktdyatryptibgok‒ (sgm). Vdksk irk kxibpaks cn wdit G‗vk `kko miaagoe ‑oiocbkfgi,‒ wdgmd irk iufgc nriebkots nrcb pcpuair muaturk, ngab, iatkrkf stitksbko aglk Pceio dkrk, iof cn mcursk Vkrkomk, iof bioy ctdkrs, tdit irk prceribkf gotc trimls iof paiykf `y FJs ncr tdk gotkrimtgvk tdkitkr cn tdk fiomk naccr. Vdksk sibpaks irk frcppkf gotc `rkils go tdk busgm iof `kmcbk nismgoitgoe wiys go wdgmd pcpuair gotkrksts irk i`scr`kf iof paiykf wgtd. miaakf ‑]pgrgt Bcakmuak‒ `y Ugziml Vwgziml, go wdgmdCok tdkrksumd gs i triml sibpakgs rknkrrgoe tc i strioek mdkbgmia wgtd tdk mipimgty tc rkpagmitk io kxpkrgkomk gfkotgmia tc kvkots tc mcbk intkr agnk. @ut psymdkfkagm triomk busgm gs oct tdk coay busgm tdit dis rkmkgvkf iof mirrgkf tdgs bkbk. AI dkivy bktia cutngt FBV gs cok sumd `iof. @iss paiykr iof ncuofgoe bkb`kr Iagstir ^iaifkz imlocwakfeks tdk gonaukomk cn FBV: Vdk ]pgrgt Bcakmuak go pu`agm stitkbkots, wdkrk dk dis mcbbkotkf tdit FBV gs i eitkwiy tc dgedkr fgbkosgcos cr istria rkiabs. Kvko mcuotry irtgsts irk ekttgoe go co tdk imt. Pkakiskf go 0896, Lkotumly sgoekr ]turegaa ]gbpsco‗s ‑Vurtaks Iaa tdk Uiy Fcwo‒ mcovkys io gofk`tkfokss tc FBV iof Pgml ]trissbio go i strueeak wgtd nigtd rkbgogsmkot cn Jcdooy Misd. Vdkrk‗s i eitkwiy go cur bgof tdit akifs scbkwdkrk cut tdkrk `kycof tdgs paiok Udkrk rkptgak iagkos bifk cn agedt mut ycu cpko iof puaa cut iaa ycur pigo

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi

0;

Vkaa bk dcw ycu bilk gaakeia scbktdgoe tdit wk iaa bilk go cur `rigo ]cbk siy ycu bgedt ec mrizy `ut tdko ieigo gt bgedt bilk ycu ec siok Kvkry tgbk G tilk i accl gosgfk tdit caf iof ni`akf `ccl G‗b `agofkf iof rkbgofkf cn tdk pigo miuskf `y scbk caf bio go tdk sly Birgjuioi, A]F, Xsgacmy`go, iof FBV Vdky iaa mdioekf tdk wiy G skk @ut acvk‗s tdk coay tdgoe tdit kvkr sivkf by agnk

]c, ycu siw gt dkrk ngrst: psymdkfkagm mcuotry! G‗b oct surk wdkrk tc ec nrcb tdkrk! 089=, Pgml i pipkr rkpcrtgoe FBV dis Go `kko ncuof go ]trissbio tdk pgokia mciutdcrkf bgmrcfgiaysitk cn agvk rits. Gt‗stdit io gbpcrtiot stkp go tdk trijkmtcry cn tdgs rkskirmd, `ut oc rkskirmd ykt prcvks tdit tdk pgokia prcfumks FBV. Gs tdk pgokia eaiof i tdrksdcaf `ktwkko tdk bitkrgia iof spgrgtuia wcrafs, mcbpaktk wgtd i su`stiomk tdit nukas tdk triosgt3 ]pgrgt eaiof3 ]crmkrcus pcrtia3 Vdk lky tc dgedkr mcosmgcusokss3 I bkoimgoe fccrwiy tc tdk `kycof3 Cr scbktdgoe fkmgfkfay bcrk buofiok3 Vdk pgokia eaiof gs i bcst kogebitgm creio, iof G accl ncrwirf tc mcotgougoe tc rkskirmd tdgs pdkocbkoco. Vdiol ycu. FG]M[]]GCO CN

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi: Vdk Fizzagoe Agnk iof Vgbks cn tdk ‑]pgrgt Eaiof‒

I

E

: Udit G ncuof pirtgmuairay gotkrkstgoe wdko

ycu wkrk tialgoe i`cut Acvkmrint gs tdit stcry wis wrgttko go wdit, 97083

0>

Vdk Crgegos , Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

E

] .J

: 9708, yks.

: ]c tdgs gs wiy `kncrk FBV wis kvko locwo tc `k psy-

E

mdkfkagm, mkrtigoay wiy `kncrk tdkrk wis ioy goncrbitgco tdit pkcpak bgedt `k skmrktgoe gt, sc dcw fgf Acvkmrint ekt tdk mcookmtgco tdit tdk imtgvitgco cn tdk pgokia egvks rgsk tc `gzirrk kotgtgks3 Vdit skkbkf aglk i vkry strioek tditlocwakfek dk wcuaf mcbk tditBystkry mcomausgco, uoakss dk dif scbkmcgomgfkomk scrt cn gosgfkr nrcb tc tdksk smdccas cr scbktdgoe aglk tdit. Kxpaigo tdit. ] .J

: Ukaa G‗b oct surk tdit G mio kxpaigo gt< gt gs i nismgoitgoe

fkvkacpbkot, iof gt‗s scbktdgoe tdit is G sigf, G divko‗t wrgttko i`cut‖ gt‗s nrksd fiti ncr bk. Gt‗s gotkrkstgoe tc mcbpirk tdgs ectdgm dcrrcr trijkmtcry wgtd tdk trijkmtcry cn tdk Vdkcscpdgmia ]cmgkty. G tdgol tdit‗s gotkrkstgoe, `ut tdkrk‗s iasc fkkpkr rccts tc tdgs. G eukss ycu mcuaf accl it tdk wiy iomgkot Keyptgios ipprcimdkf tdk pgokia eaiof. G fco‗t tdgol tdkrk‗s i erkit fkia rkskirmd co tdit, `utwgtd tdkrk‗s act cn eaiof. spkmuaitgco mcomkrogoe wdit tdkcnKeyptgios wkrk fcgoe tdkipgokia : Udit fgf tdky locw3 Wcu locw, tdit‗s tdk gotkrkstgoe

E

qukstgco. Vdkrk‗s oc rkisco tdit ycu wcuaf suffkoay jubp nrcb ‑tdk pgokia gs tdk tdgrf kyk‒ tc, siy, ‑wdko ycu imtgvitk gt ycu skk strioek fgskb`cfgkf gotkaagekomks tdit ittiml ycu,‒ ycu locw3 G bkio tc bk tdit‗s i mcbpaktkay gomcbprkdkosg`ak akip uoakss Acvkmrint dif scbk gosgfk locwakfek. E

D

: Mio G just iff tc tdit3 @kmiusk tdkrk wis io

kyk-cpkogoe bcbkot ncr bk. Ocw, Fkoogs \BmLkooiR, G fco‗t locw dcw bumd ycu stiof `y tdgs, `ut tdk gfkotgngmitgco cn Imimgi ogactgmi is tdk iomgkot Keyptgio Vrkk cn Agnk gs gotrgeugoe, gt‗s rkiaay gotrgeugoe, `kmiusk tdit‗s i FBV-`kirgoe trkk. F

B L

: Wks gt‗s i FBV-`kirgoe trkk, iof gotkrkst-

goeay kocued, tdk Bisig usk gt is i pctdkr`‖tdky mccl wgtd gt. @ut tdkrk‗s oc gofgmitgco tdky‗rk kvko iwirk cn tdk psymdkfkagm prcpkrtgks,

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi

05

`kmiusk tdkrk‗s oc bcocibgok cxgfisk (BIC) tdit‗s imtgvitkf< sc tdgs gs gotkrkstgoe. : Mcuaf gt `k tdit tdk FBV nrcb tdk Vrkk cn Agnk wis

D

godiakf `y tdk iomgkot Keyptgios3 B L

: Wks, tdit skkbs bcst aglkay.

D

: Wcu wkrk bilgoe tdgs pcgot i`cut wdit tdk Keyptgios

lokw cn tdk pgokia, iof ncr bk wdko Fkoogs bifk tdgs spkmgks gfkotgngmitgco cn tdk trkk‖tdit‗s i rkvkaitgco. Udko ycu skk tdk rcak cn tdk Vrkk cn Agnk, gts mcookmtgco tc agnk `kycof fkitd, tdk gfki cn gbbcrtiagty, pdiricd‗s oibk `kgoe wrgttko co tdk Vrkk cn Agnk, iof ngoiaay wk rkiagzk tdgs gs i FBV-`kirgoe trkk‖kxtricrfgoiry! : Wks, `ut tdkrk‗s stgaa oc makir agol, tdky skkb aglk piria-

E

aka gssuks. G bkio dcw wcuaf tdky agol tdk pgokia tc tdk prcfumtgco cn FBV3 Crmcotigos tdksk kotgtgks3 tc bk . . . tdko gt‗s cok mcosubk paiot tdit FBV, Vdit `ut dcw fc ycu agoltdgoe tdit tc tc tdk pgokia3i : Cn mcursk Acvkmrint wiso‗t tialgoe i`cut FBV.

] .J

: Dk wiso‗t, oc.

E

: ]c wdit‗s nismgoitgoe gs dcw tdgs bkbk, tdgs tdkcry cn tdk

] .J

spgrgt bcakmuak iof tdk gfki tdit tdk pgokia prcfumks FBV‗s psymdkfkagm prcpkrtgks, dis `kko ifcptkf tc kodiomk tdksk stcrgks go mcotkbpcriry dcrrcr. K

F

: G eukss tdit tdk scbkwdit akss rizzak-fizzak wiy cn tkaa-

goe tdk stcry gs just tdit nrcb Fksmirtks co, tdkrk‗s `kko io isscmgitgco cn tdk pgokia is i tdrksdcaf `ktwkko bittkr iof spgrgt. Vdgs isscmgitgco ekts tilko up `y Vdkcscpdy go tdk aitk ogoktkkotd mkotury iof tdkrkncrk paueekf go tc gfkis cn tdk istria rkiabs iof ctdkr fgbkosgcos iof dgedkr `kgoes. Acvkmrint gs just govkrtgoe tdk sgeos‖gs tilgoe tdk pcsgtgvk tdgoe iof swgtmdgoe gt. ]c gn ycu‗rk Acvkmrint iof ycu wiot tc accl it tdk dubio `cfy iof ycu wiot tc ngeurk cut ‑wdit‗s ecgoe tc `rgoe

04

Vdk Crgegos , Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muatur k cn FBV

go by iatkroitk `iffgks3‒ tdko tdit‗s tdk cok ycu wcuaf ec tc. G tdgol tdit pirt cn wdit Eridib‗s stcry gs rkiaay bcrk i`cut gs wdit ]trissbio govclkf wdko dk bifk tdit spkmuaitgco. ]c wdko dk bilks tdk spkmuaitgco, dk‗s tdgolgoe i`cut gt co cok akvka `gcacegmiaay, iof dcw wk mcuaf immcuot ncr tdksk prcmkssks, `ut `y siygoe tdk pgokia dk‗s iasc govclgoe tdgs wdcak muaturia trifgtgco tdit tdko ecks co iof lgof cn ruos wgtd gt, iabcst `kycof dgs mcotrca. F

A

: Vdkrk‗s scbk gotkrkstgoe mcgomgfkomks piriaakagoe wgtd

tdit. Acvkmrint‗s scurmk bitkrgia wis dgs frkibs, rgedt3 Dk wis divgoe tdksk lgofs cn kxpkrgkomks tdit dk tdko mcovkrtkf gotc tdksk dcrrcr stcrgks< sc dk fgf divk scbk lgof cn fgrkmt immkss pkrdips, scbk gosgedts. F

: Wks. Cok ctdkr pcgot co tdit gs tdit gt wis iasc gotkrkstgoe tdk

wiy tdit ycu \IofrkwR pkrdips uomcosmgcusay rkpagmitkf cok cn tdk trgmls tdit‗s iarkify kb`kffkf go tdk Acvkmrint bytdcs, wdgmd gs tc siy, ‑wkaa dk wdgmd makiray ncr bust `kko mcookmtkf scbkdklgof Bystkry smdcca,‒ dgbdivk gs pirtgmuairay grcogmwgtd `kmiusk wis icnstiuomd smkptgmia bitkrgiagst go iaa cn dgs mcbbuogmitgcos, sc gt‗s i lgof cn nuooy tdgoe tc immusk dgb cn. Iof ykt tdit‗s iasc scbktdgoe tdit‗s vkry bumd pirt cn tdk Acvkmrintgio murrkot, wdgmd gs tc suspkmt tdit tdkrk‗s scbk ctdkr scurmk cr scbk lgof cn qukstgcoi`ak gonaukomk. : Xkrdips tdit‗s wdy dgs frkib agnk wis sc imtgvk, `kmiusk dk

B L

wis i stiuomd bitkrgiagst iof ykt dk dif tdgs gotugtgco tdit just `kycof tdk tdrksdcaf wkrk tdksk kxpkrgkomks. F

: I`scautkay. : G dcpk gt wiso‗t aglk gt wis fkpgmtkf go tdk bcvgk ncr dgb,

B L

cr G nkka scrry ncr tdk bio. F A P

: Vdky wkrk bcstay ogedtbirks. : G tdgol Pupkrt iof Kfk divk scbktdgoe tc isl. ]

: Ukaa yks, go 9746 G wis go Ksiako wgtd Pgml

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi

07

]trissbio iof Vkrkomk BmLkooi ktmktkri, iof `ctd Pgml iof G tccl FBV ncr tdk ngrst tgbk, wgtd Vkrkomk, iof gt tdko akf tc i skrgks cn mcovkrsitgcos. G stirtkf by mirkkr is i tryptcpdio `gcmdkbgst, by Xd.F. tdksgs wis co tdk `rkilfcwo cn tdk ibgoc imgf tryptcpdio, iof G fgsmcvkrkf tdit go paiots wdko tryptcpdio `rkils fcwo is pirt cn i fygoe prcmkss, gt rkakisks gofcak imktgm imgf, locwo is iuxgo, wdgmd gs tdk bigo paiot dcrbcok. Iuxgo gs i `rkilfcwo prcfumt cn tryptcpdio. Ioctdkr `rkilfcwo prcfumt gs tryptibgok iof gts fkrgvitgvks, aglk FBV. ]c wk wkrk fgsmussgoe tdk `rkilfcwo cn tryptcpdio go fygoe mkaas, iof tdk gfki wis tdit go tdk pgokia tdkrk‗f `k tdksk tryptcpdio prkmurscrs, iof tdk pgokia, it tdk bcbkot cn fkitd, mcuaf naccf tdk `rigo wgtd FBV. Vdgs gs i spkmuaitgco Pgml iof G mibk up wgtd go i mcovkrsitgco. G wis ibizkf tc skk dcw nir gt‗s ecok! \Iufgkomk aiuedtkr.R B L

: Wcu divk tc witmd tdcsk bcrpdcekoktgm ngkafs.

\Aiuedtkr.R ]

: Ukaa G rkbkb`kr divgoe tdksk fgsmussgcos wgtd Pgml it

tdk tgbk co dcw wk mcuaf imtuiaay tkst tdgs, iof by gfki wis ecgoe tc saiuedtkrdcusks, wdkrk tdky‗rk lgaagoe iogbias ioywiy, iof sgbpay ripgfay kxtrimtgoe tdk pgokia eaiof nrcb tdk `rigos cn mcws, pges, sdkkp, ktmktkri, iof nrkkzgoe gt‖puttgoe gt go agqugf ogtrceko‖iof fcgoe i FBV ioiaysgs. Ukaa wk dif tdgs gfki, okgtdkr cn us ect —rcuof tc ecgoe tc saiuedtkrdcusks iof mcaakmtgoe pgokia eaiofs, `ut gt‗s stgaa i eccf gfki. \Iufgkomk aiuedtkr.R Gt wcuafo‗t `k fgnngmuat tc fc. Vdky‗rk lgaagoe tdk iogbias ioywiy, iof tdk `rigo wcuaf uofkrec ioy mdioek tdit‗s dippkogoe ioywiy, sc tdk iogbia rgedts pkcpak wco‗t `k kspkmgiaay upskt `kmiusk tdky‗rk saiuedtkrgoe tdk iogbias ioywiy, iof gt fgf skkb tc bk i sgbpak wiy tc tkst tdgs dypctdksgs. @ut gt skkbs tdit bcst pkcpak fco‗t imtuiaay okkf bumd cn i tkst, gt just skkbs tc divk tilko co i agnk cn gts cwo.

=8

Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

J

X

: G‗f just aglk tc siy, Pupkrt‗s `kgoe vkry bcfkst. G wis tdkrk

it tdk tgbk, iof imtuiaay gt wis Pupkrt wdc sueekstkf gt. ^

F

: Udy diso‗t tdgs `kko tkstkf3 : Ukaa `kmiusk G suppcsk ioiayzgoe tdk FBV wcuaf

]

rkqugrk tdcusiofs cn pcuofs, tdcusiofs cn pkrbgts. Dcw bioy pkcpak wcuaf rgsl tdkgr mirkkr go i ai`, ktmktkri3 Wcu locw gt‗s stgaa gomrkfg`ay kisy tc fc, mcaakmtgoe pgokia eaiofs nrcb saiuedtkrdcusks, iof ocwifiys tdkrk irk iaa scrts cn ai`s wdkrk ycu mio skof sibpaks iacoe iof divk tdkb ioiayzkf `y eis mdrcbitceripdy cr biss spkmtrcsmcpy. Iof gt biy oct just `k tdk pgokia. Udko mkaas fgk, tdky egvk cnn mcbpcuofs tdky fco‗t prcfumk wdko tdky‗rk iagvk< tdit‗s dcw paiot dcrbcoks irk prcfumkf, tdky‗rk prcfumkf go fygoe mkaas. Is tdk wccf mkaas go tdk stkb ncrb, tdky `rkil fcwo‖tdky mcbbgt sugmgfk‖iof tdky egvk cnn paiot dcrbcoks tdit miusk bcrk ercwtd. ]c, tdgs biy wkaa dippko go fygoe `rigos. wditrkiab G fksmrg`kf. G‗b iof ibizkf dcwprcerkss bumd prcerkssIoywiy tdkrk‗s tdit `kkowis go tdk cn tdk irts dcwitagttak tdkrk dis `kko go tdk rkiab cn smgkomk sgomk tdko. \Aiuedtkr.R A

: G locw Pgml‗s oct dkrk pkrscoiaay, `ut G tdgol tdkrk wis scbk

rkskirmd imtuiaay fcok‖dk bioiekf tc kxtrimt pgokia eaiofs nrcb mifivkrs. Gs dk `iml3* Gs tdit rgedt, Pgml3 @ut G fco‗t tdgol tdky ncuof ioytdgoe, pirtgmuairay `kmiusk tdk eaiofs wkrko‗t nrksd nrczko iof tdkrk biy divk `kko tgbk ncr tdkb tc fkerifk. Pgml, mio ycu ngaa us go co tdit3 P

]

: ]c wdko G wis fcgoe by FBV stufy, G `keio tc

wcrl cut io uofkrercuof prcjkmt wgtd tdk `cirf cn bkfgmia kxibgokrs ncr tdk mcuoty iof mcaakmtkf i oub`kr cn mifivkrs‗ pgokia eaiofs nrcb rkmkotay fkmkiskf dubios, iof G skot tdcsk tc `k ioiayzkf ncr FBV,

*Pgml ]trissbio jcgokf kimd prkskotitgco iof fgsmussgco vgi ]lypk.

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi

=9

`ut ocok wis ncuof. ]c mdiomks irk tdit `kmiusk tdk eaiofs wkrko‗t nrksd nrczko tdk FBV fkerifkf. G fco‗t locw gn ycu divk bkotgcokf wdgak G wis cnnagok tdit gt gs ocw locwo tdit FBV cmmurs go tdk agvgoe pgokia eaiof. Vdkrk‗s i ercup go Ioo Ir`cr, Bgmdgeio, akf `y ]tkvk @irlkr, tdit dis i vkry scpdgstgmitkf bkios cn acclgoe it tdk pgokia eaiof, iof tdky fktkrbgokf tdit go tdk agvgoe rcfkot pgokia eaiof tdkrk gs FBV. Iof sc tdit‗s mcosgstkot wgtd tdk pgokia prcfumtgco cn FBV, kvko tdcued acmitgoe tdk mcbpcuof go tdit creio fckso‗t okmkssirgay bkio gt‗s prcfumkf tdkrk. Vdk kozybk tdit bkti`cagzks tdk syotdksgs cn FBV tdk O-bktdyatriosnkrisk gs ncuof go dged akvkas go tdk pgokia go tdk rdksus bcolky iof iasc tdk ekok tdit mcfks ncr tdit kozybk gs kxprksskf tc i airek fkerkk go rdksus bcolky pgokia. ]c tdit gs qugtk strcoe mgrmubstiotgia kvgfkomk: tdk kozybk gs prkskot, tdk ekoktgm ippiritus tdit syotdksgzks tdk ekok gs prkskot, iof tdk FBV gtskan gs prkskot kvko tdcued gt‗s go incr fgnnkrkot spkmgks‖tdk bcolky ncr rifgc tdk ekoktgm iof tdk rcfkot tdk FBV fiti. G suppcsk gn ycu ai`kakffiti tdk prkmurscr ycu wcuaf prc`i`ay divk scbk gfkis i`cut tdit, gn ycu ncuof tdit FBV imtuiaay gs `kgoe syotdksgzkf go tdk pgokia. Vdk sibk ercup go Ioo Ir`cr, Bgmdgeio, gs acclgoe it tdk fygoe `rigo tc fktkrbgok gn mcomkotritgcos cn FBV gomrkisk go cur `rigo, iof tdit pipkr rkmkotay mibk cut go tdk Xrcmkkfgoes cn tdk Oitgcoia Imifkby cn ]mgkomks, iof tdk smgkotgsts mcuafo‗t ngof ioy FBV go tdk fygoe `rigo. Vdkrk irk dged mcomkotritgcos cn skrctcogo. @ut strgmtay spkilgoe, skrctcogo gso‗t i prkmurscr cn FBV. A

: Vdiols ncr tdit, Pgml. Eccf tc skk tdk rkskirmd fgf imtuiaay

dippko, iatdcued prc`i`ay oct go tdk `kst mgrmubstiomks. Vdkrk‗s i okkf tc ekt nrksd mifivkrs. Kfk, ycu dif i pcgot ycu wiotkf tc bilk. Kfk Nrkmsli: Wks. Vdrkk tdgoes qugmlay. ]c ]tkvk @irlkr fktkmtkf FBV go tdk pgokia eaiof< tdk qukstgco gs, dcw tc stgbuaitk tdk pgokia eaiof, dcw tc gomrkisk tdk akvka cn FBV. Vdkrk gs i pcssg`ak wiy‖scogm stgbuaitgco. Vdgs gs wdit bcols fc wdko tdky ncmus tdk ‑cb‒ co tdk tdgrf

=0

Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

kyk. Gt‗s i vkry nriegak `ut pcssg`ak wiy. Iof kisgay fktkmtkf‖tilk i pge iof put scogm wivks co gts dkif, iof ycu mio pcssg`ay ngof tdk gomrkisk gn gt gs truk. Vdk stufy cn scogm stgbuaitgco gs vkry sgbpak iof kisy iof fckso‗t okkf tcc bumd bcoky. By skmcof pcgot gs i`cut frkibs iof tdk pgokia. Wcu locw tdit Fksmirtks `iskf dgs pdgacscpdy co tdrkk frkibs< tdit wis tdk scurmk cn dgs pdgacscpdy, dk ifbgttkf gt. Iof tdgrf, tcbcrrcw G wgaa fgsmuss dcw tdk auoe mio `k i pcssg`ak scurmk tdit naccfs tdk `rigo wgtd FBV. : Mio G just iff tc tdit3 Ugtd tdk cvkrtcok mdiotgoe, wdgmd gs

X

wdit tdk bcols fc, tdk bktdcf cn fcgoe gt gs tc prkss tdk tcoeuk up tcwirf tdk rccn cn tdk bcutd, prkssgoe tdk igr rgedt up gotc tdk fgrkmtgco cn tdk pgokia eaiof. K

N

: ]c wk mio fc scbktdgoe sgbgair `y usgoe scogm wivks

go kxpkrgbkotia iogbias. Xges `kmiusk tdky irk `ge kocued. X

: @ut biy`k tdky mio‗t cvkrtcok mdiot3

\Aiuedtkr.R N A

: G wgaa fc gt wgtd i scogm ekokritcr. : Cn mcursk go tdit magp go tdk Acvkmrint ngab wdkrk tdk bio‗s

pgokia eaiof pcps cut cn dgs dkif, tdky wkrk usgoe scogm rkscoitcrs tc imtgvitk tdk pgokia eaiof‖just tc ippay scbk wirogoe. B L

: G just wiotkf tc isl Kfk i qukstgco. Wcu‗rk nibgagir wgtd

Jimk tdkcry tdit FBV bcfuaitks frkibs, tdkrk‗s tdgs wdcakMiaaiwiy‗s mymak wgtd bkaitcogo iof tdk fiy ogedt mymak.iof Mkrk`rcspgoia mcomkotritgcos cn FBV erifuiaay gomrkisk cvkr tdk ogedt is ycu ekt gotc fkkp frkib stitks. Gs tdkrk ioy pcssg`ak kxpkrgbkotia ipprcimd tc tkst tdk FBV akvkas iof mcongrb gt3 Oct tdit ioycok wgaa nuof tdgs lgof cn tdgoe, `ut gs gt primtgmia tc tdgol tdit ycu mcuaf3 Gt‗s i vkry gotkrkstgoe dypctdksgs< mcuaf ycu put kvgfkomk uofkr tdit dypctdksgs3

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi

N

==

: Vdkrk gs cok bktdcf, ycu locw XKV smio3* Wcu mcuaf egvk

tdk prkmurscr iof ycu bilk tdit prkmurscr imt go i mkrtigo pirt cn tdk `rigo `y XKV smio. Vdit‗s tdk coay wiy. A

: G fgf i vkry gofgrkmt kxpkrgbkot co tdgs dypctdksgs imtuiaay,

acclgoe it frkib kxtriskoscry pkrmkptgco (K]X) iof bkaitcogo mymaks, wgtd cmmurrgoe it iof tdrkkecti.b. Uktcimtuiaay wclk up it pkil tdrkkbkaitcogo c‗macml go tdk bcrogoe tdkb fc frkib K]Xpkcpak tisls iof mcbpirkf tdkgr pkrncrbiomk wgtd tdkgr pkrncrbiomk it kgedt i.b., issubgoe tdit FBV gs pkrdips i eccf bcfuaitcr cr trgeekr tc frkib K]X. Vdkrk wkrk sgeogngmiot pcsgtgvk rksuats go tdk ngrst kxpkrgbkot, `ut gt fgfo‗t rkpagmitk. C`vgcusay tdgs gs i vkry gofgrkmt prcxy bkisurk cn pcssg`ak ocmturoia FBV prcfumtgco iof frkib bcfuaitgco iof i vieuk sti` it Miaaiwiy‗s FBV frkib dypctdksgs. Gt‗s i acoe wiy nrcb i fgrkmt bkisurk. ] : Mcomkotritgcos FBV stgaatdit rkiaay go tdk kofcekocus stitk, iof gtcnbiy turoirkcut wk dirf okkf tctcbkisurk accl it

ogtrceko cxgfk mcomkotritgcos, wdgmd wdko wk prk-trkit wgtd i bcocibgok cxgfisk (BIC) godg`gtcr irk sgeogngmiotay dgedkr tdio tdk pirkot mcbpcuof. I nkw bcotds iec i erif stufkot it [M @krlkaky rio i agttak stufy `y egvgoe i bcocibgok cxgfisk godg`gtcr tc i ercup cn ocrbia vcauotkkrs tc fktkrbgok gn ycu mcuaf ngof bkisuri`ak akvkas cn kgtdkr tdk pirkot mcbpcuof cr tdk cxgfk. Iof sdk uoncrtuoitkay fgfo‗t bkisurk tdk fkerkk cn bcocibgok godg`gtgco, `ut okvkrtdkakss wk wkrko‗t i`ak tc fktkrbgok, cr wkrko‗t i`ak tc fktkmt, akvkas cn kgtdkr tdk iocxgfk cr tdk pirkot mcbpcuof. Aglk intkr ycu frgol iyiduismi, tdk mcomkotritgcos cn tdk iocxgfk irk qugtk i `gt dgedkr tdio tdk mcomkotritgcos cn FBV. ]c gt mcuaf `k tdit gn ycu‗rk acclgoe it mgrmifgio rdytdbs cn FBV syotdksgs go tdk frkib mymak tdko ycu biy okkf tc prk-trkit wgtd io knnkmtgvk fcsk cn tdk bcoc ibgok cxgfisk godg`gtcr. Iasc io gotkrkstgoe pcgot tdit diso‗t rkiaay `kko acclkf it gs tdit *Xcsgtrco kbgssgco tcbceripdy smio

=6

Vdk Crgegos , Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muatur k cn FBV

tdkrk gs i sbiaa oub`kr cn pkcpak wdcsk pgokia eaiofs divk `kko fkstrcykf `y i strclk cr i tubcr, iof tdk coay tdgoe tdit wis i`ocrbia i`cut tdcsk pkcpak wis tdky biy oct divk `kko i`ak tc immcbbcfitk is rkifgay tc jkt aie is pkcpak wgtd pgokia eaiofs. @ut wdktdkr tdky frkib ocrbiaay cr divk tdk sibk nrkqukomy cn spgrgtuia kxpkrgkomks dis oct `kko acclkf it, is nir is G locw. Gn ycu divk i airek kocued pcpuaitgco tdkrk wcuaf `k i diofnua cn pkcpak wgtdcut pgokia eaiofs, sc tdit wcuaf `k gotkrkstgoe. @ut c`vgcusay gn tdk prgbiry scurmk cn FBV gs tdk auoes, tdko tdk pgokia biy just lgml go it spkmgia tgbks. V

U

: Pkeirfgoe tdk FBV-frkib tdkcry, G dif i act cn

kxpkrgkomk go tdk bgf-ogoktgks wgtd kxtrkbk sakkp fkprgvitgco. G wis fcgoe i act cn kxpkrgbkots cn tdrkk tc ngvk iof kvko skvko fiys, iof G dif rkpkitkf wgofcws cn FBV-aglk kxpkrgkomks gomaufgoe kxtrkbk iof creisbgm kupdcrgi iof iaa lgof cn isscmgitkf kxpkrgkomks. G‗vk oc gfki wdit by `gcmdkbgstry wis aglk cr ioytdgoe aglk tdit `ut gt wcuafo‗t `k fgnngmuat tc tkst. Gt‗s io iomgkot ipprcimd tc iatkrkf stitks, sc gt biy `k tdit ycu ncrmk ycurskan `kycof tdk ocrbia mgrmifgio rdytdbs iof ctdkr stunn stirts tc dippko. C`vgcusay G fgf gt wgtd rkskirmd gogtgiaay, `ut kvkotuiaay gt `kmibk qugtk iffgmtgvk. Bioy pkcpak tdcuedt G wis tcrturgoe byskan `ut imtuiaay G wis divgoe i erkit tgbk comk G ect tdrcued tdk gogtgia tgrkfokss. A

: Eccf pgcokkrgoe wcrl. Vdkrk gs scbk spkmuaitgco is wkaa cn

mcursk i`cut tdk Lceg Gofgios, go tdkgr usk cn agedt fkprgvitgco. Vdky fgvgok wdktdkr kimd okw mdgaf `cro gs ecgoe tc `kmcbk i sdibio go tdk mcbbuogty, iof tdcsk skakmtkf irk put go i mivk wdkrk tdky ercw up ncr tdk ngrst ogok ykirs cn tdkgr agnk iof tdky divk i vkry agbgtkf kxpcsurk tc kxtkroia agedt scurmks. Vdkrk gs scbk spkmuaitgco tdit tdit biy iasc divk scbk knnkmt co pgokia eaiof fkvkacpbkot iof bkaitcogo iof pcssg`ay FBV prcfumtgco. Wks, Pgml. ]

: Co tdk qukstgco cn wdktdkr tdk pgokia gs govcavkf go

spgrgtuia-aglk kxpkrgkomk go mcotgoucus firlokss, tdkrk gs kvgfkomk tdit

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi

=;

tdk pgokia itrcpdgks go mcotgouia firlokss. Gn ycu wiotkf tc fktkrbgok gn FBV akvkas gomrkisk go immcrfiomk wgtd firl pdkocbkoi, G wcuaf komcuriek ycu tc egvk io knnkmtgvk fcsk cn BIC godg`gtcr iof mcaakmt urgok. G fco‗t locw bumd i`cut dcw wk‗rk agvgoe \agnkstyakR mio turo tdk triosmrgptgco cn ekoks gotc kozybks, `ut gn tdkrk wkrk i wiy tc isskss tdk imtgvitgco cn tdk ekok rkspcosg`ak ncr gofcaktdyaibgok O-bktdyatriosnkrisk (GOBV) syotdksgs tdko ycu mcuaf gotrcfumk mcotgoucus firlokss iof pkrdips divk i skosg`ak wiy tc fktkrbgok imtgvitgco cn tdit systkb. B L

: Wcur bkotgco cn pgokia tubcrs, Pgml, gs vkry gotkrkstgoe

`kmiusk gt rkbgofs bk cn i stcry, io iokmfctk. G fco‗t locw gn tdkrk‗s kvgfkomk ncr gt, `ut Iakx Erky‗s issgstiot wis tkaagoe bk i`cut i pkrsco wdc ippirkotay dif i pgokia tubcr wdkrk tdk mkaas wkrk prcagnkritgoe. Wcu bkotgcokf tdit i tubcr wcuaf prc`i`ay fkstrcy pgokia nuomtgco, `ut ippirkotay go tdgs misk, gn tdkrk‗s ioy trutd tc tdgs stcry, gt imtuiaay dypkrimtgvitkf pgokia nuomtgco, iof tdgs pkrsco wis go i vgsgcoiry stitk iaa tdk tgbk. Dk wis fkiagoe wgtd tdit `y `kmcbgoe i vkry dgeday tiakotkf vgsgcoiry irtgst. Divk ycu dkirf ioytdgoe i`cut tdgs3 Udit fc ycu tdgol3 Gs tdit just i wgaf tiak cr gs tdkrk ioy `isgs tc gt3 ]

: Ukaa gt‗s i truay wgaf tiak, `ut gt‗s truk. Vdk euy‗s oibk gs

]kio Vdcrotco, iof dk stirtkf skofgoe bk pigotgoes cn dgs biy`k tko ykirs iec. G tcaf Iakx i`cut tdgs euy iof skot Iakx scbk cn dgs pigotgoes, iof tdky‗rk qugtk FBV-aglk. Vdky‗rk oct is vgsgcoiry is Iakx‗s pigotgoes, wgtd tdkgr bcrpdgoe `uzzgoe vgsuia ekcbktrgm pittkro< ]kio‗s irk bcrk gotrgmitk. Dk dif iaa cn tdksk vgsgcos wdgak dk wis sunnkrgoe nrcb tdk tubcr. Intkr tdk tubcr wis rkbcvkf dk stcppkf divgoe tdcsk vgsgcos `ut wis i`ak tc rkbkb`kr wdit dgs kxpkrgkomks wkrk aglk wdgak tdk tubcr wis tdkrk, iof dk mcotgoukf pigotgoe. Dk‗s stgaa pigotgoe, iof dk `keio tc sdcw dgs wcrl go eiaakrgks. B L

: ]c gt‗s i rkia tiak. G fgfo‗t just frkib tdgs up scbkwdkrk.

Gt‗s oct i niask bkbcry! Vdit‗s vkry gotkrkstgoe.

=>

Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

X

: G‗f aglk tc siy Iakx Erky iof G dif tdk sibk Vg`ktio tkimdkr.

G‗vk `kko stufygoe wgtd dgb ncr cvkr ncrty ykirs, iof go Vg`ktio @uffdgsb tdk uatgbitk pitd gs wdit‗s miaakf tdk rigo`cw `cfy, wdgmd gs tdk triosncrbitgco cn naksd gotc agedt it tdk bcbkot cn fkitd‖Jiañ. Iof tdk twc primtgmks tdit akif up tc tdgs, tdþfeia iof tdk firl rktrkit, irk `ctd primtgmks rkaitkf tc agedt. Cok gs i ncrb cn acclgoe it agedt, acclgoe it tdk suo, wdgmd gs fcok ncr acoe pkrgcfs. Iof tdk ctdkr gs firl rktrkit, wdgmd kagmgts wdit tdky miaa tdk gookr agedt, sc tdit tdkrk‗s i mcb`goitgco cn tdk gookr iof tdk cutkr agedt. ]c kxtkofkf pkrgcfs cn mcbpaktk firl rktrkit irk io ksskotgia pirt cn tdgs primtgmk ncr tdk triosgtgco gotc tdk `cfy cn agedt. A X

: I `gt aglk tdk Lceg tdko go bioy rkspkmts. : @ut dgeday scpdgstgmitkf, dgeday creiogzkf, iof wkaa locwo<

yks. B L

: Gt skkbs aglk wk mcuafo‗t rkiaay put ioy cn tdgs tc tdk tkst

uotga wk divk i rkagi`ak wiy tc `gcissiy iof ioiayzk ncr FBV go tdk agvgoe creiogsb. G eukss ycu wcuaf sibpak mkrk`rcspgoia naugf< wcuaf tdit `k tdk bcst c`vgcus paimk3 Mcotgoucusay tdrcued i mitdktkr cr scbktdgoe aglk tdit, ycu wcuaf divk tc `k i`ak tc mitmd tdgs go rkia tgbk iof tdko . . . E

: Vdky divk nir bcrk nuomtgcoia bieoktgm rkscoiomk

gbiegoe (nBPG) tkmdocacegks ocw. Gt‗s pcssg`ak tc divk dgeday fktigakf dged-rkscautgco pgokia gbieks tdit agedt up go tdk prkskomk cn FBV. B L E

: Udit‗s tdk agbgt cn fktkmtgco3 : Ukaa gt‗s gbprcvgoe. @ut nBPG, ycu locw. Kxmkaakot

fktkmti`gagty ioywiy. B L E

: ]c go i nkw ykirs wk‗aa `k i`ak tc ioswkr tdgs qukstgco. : Wks, yks. Gt‗s io kbkregoe ngkaf ocw, pdirbi-nBPG.

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi

A

=5

: Ukaa cok cn tdk qukstgcos tdit mcbks up tdcued gs, wdit‗s i

sugti`ak quiotgty tc divk io kofcekocus FBV kxpkrgkomk nrcb pgokia FBV gn wk fktkmt gt3 Egvko tdit tdk pgokia eaiof wkgeds 966 bgaageribs gtskan, pkrdips i act cn tdit wcuaf divk tc `k FBV gn wk‗rk tialgoe i`cut tdk sibk lgof cn fcsieks is ncr sbclgoe FBV cr gojkmtgco. ]c cok wcuaf divk tc issubk tdk kofcekocus fcsks wcuaf `k scbkwdit sbiaakr, cr gs i tdgrf cn tdk pgokia eaiof bifk up cn FBV3 A

: Jimk Miaaiwiy c`jkmtkf tc tdk pcssg`gagty cn tdk pgokia eaiof

rkakisgoe kocued FBV tc prcfumk ioy kxpkrgkomks. Vdk tgoy ibcuots wgaa oct `k kocued. A

: @ut wk fco‗t locw wdit tdk fcsiek gs kofcekocusay. Cok wcuaf

issubk tdit gt‗f `k nir akss tdio sbclgoe gt, `ut gt‗s dirf tc siy, gso‗t gt3 B L

: Vdk rkia qukstgco gs, wdit gs tdk mcomkotritgco it tdk syo-

ipsk3 Xrc`i`ay bcst cn tdk FBV tdit ycu tilk kxcekocusay gs fkstrcykf `kncrk gt kvkr ekts tc tdk syoipsks, sc biy`k tko pkrmkot cn ycur ;8 bgaagerib fcsk, gn tdit bumd< G bkio Kfk, wdit gs ycur tdcuedt co tdit3 N

: Pkiaay gt fkpkofs wdit gs mdiookagoe tdk FBV, sc fkngogtkay

gn gt wcuaf `k dubcria, tdko tdkrk gs scbk skrgcus fcu`t wdktdkr tdk mcomkotritgco gs kocued. @ut gn tdkrk irk mkrtigo pitdwiys tdit wcuaf fkagvkr tdk FBV tc i mkrtigo pirt cn tdk `rigo govcavkf go frkibgoe, tdit mio `k i fgnnkrkot pgmturk. A

: G tdgol wk‗rk ecgoe tc friw tc i macsk ocw ncr tdgs skssgco, sc

tdiol ycu kvkry`cfy ncr pirtgmgpitgoe. Vdiol ycu vkry bumd, Eridib.

MDIXVKP 0

Gs FBV i Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Kxtritkrrkstrgia Mgvgagzitgco3 F KOOG] BMLKOOI

G pkrdips bifk i bgstilk wdko G sueekstkf tdgs tcpgm, ‑FBV: I Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Kxtritkrrkstrgia Mgvgagzitgco.‒ G wis it i paimk wdkrk tdk i`strimt wis fuk, sc G bcrk cr akss put tdk tgtak up iof tdko G wrctk io i`strimt ircuof tdit, iof tdko G imtuiaay stirtkf tc put tcektdkr tdk tial. ]c wdit ycu‗rk ecgoe tc ngof gs tdit tdk i`strimt iof tdk tial fco‗t `kir tdit bumd rkaitgco tc kimd ctdkr. @ut dcpknuaay gt wgaa `k gotkrkstgoe. ]c dkrk gt ecks. Udit fc wk locw i`cut FBV3 Ukaa, tdkrk irk i nkw tdgoes tdit wk divk prktty wkaa oigakf fcwo. Uk irk vkry nibgagir wgtd wdit gts mdkbgmia mdirimtkrgstgms irk‖gt‗s O,O -fgbktdyatryptibgok, gt dis i bumd acoekr mdkbgmia oibk, gt‗s cok cn tdk sgbpakst gofcak ialiacgfs iof pkrdips cok cn tdk sgbpakst tryptcpdio fkrgvitgvks tdit‗s ncuof go oiturk. Uk locw wdit gts mdkbgmia prcpkrtgks irk, iof tdit‗s biy`k tdk tilk-iwiy nrcb tdgs sagfk‖tdit gt‗s kxtrkbkay sgbpak. Gt wis imtuiaay ngrst syotdksgzkf `y i Mioifgio mdkbgst, Pgmdirf D. Bioslk, go 97=9, wdc wis wcrlgoe co cn iaa tdgoes tdk mcostgtukots cn striw`krry rccts. =4

Gs FBV i Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Kxtritkrrkstrgia Mgvgagzitgco3

=7

Dk okkfkf scbk stiofirfs ncr mdrcbitceripdy, iof sc dk syotdksgzkf fgbktdyatryptibgok. Gt wis oct locwo it tdk tgbk tdit gt wis i oituria mcbpcuof, sc dk issubkf gt wis syotdktgm. Dk syotdksgzkf gt, fgf dgs mdrcbitceripdy, put gt co tdk sdkan, iof gt wis ncrecttko ncr tko ykirs. Dk dif oc gfki tdit gt wis psymdcimtgvk. @ut dk fkskrvks tdk mrkfgt ncr `kgoe tdk ngrst pkrsco tdit imtuiaay syotdksgzkf gt. Bioslk wkot co tc `kmcbk nibcus ncr dgs wcrl go ialiacgfs iof kfgtkf i buatgvcaubk skrgks miaakf Vdk Ialiacgfs. Vdk pdirbimcacey cn FBV gs locwo tc ycu nrcb tdkcry iof iasc nrcb c`jkmtgvk scurmks. Uk locw tdit gt‗s ekokriaay sdcrt imtgoe wdko gt‗s tilko pirkotkriaay< wdko gt‗s oct tilko tdrcued tdk stcbimd, gt aists i vkry sdcrt tgbk. Gt‗s i truk psymdkfkagm uofkr tdk nribkwcrl tdit G aglk tc fkngok, wdgmd gs tdit gt‗s io kofcekocus ;-DV 0I iecogst is wkaa is i ;-DV 9I iecogst, iof gt gotkrimts wgtd ctdkr rkmkptcrs is wkaa tc prcfumk i psymdcacegmia rkspcosk. @ut 0I iecogsb gs tdk immkptkf mdirimtkrgstgm wdit bgedt miaa i truk psymdkfkagm, ]iavgi fgvgocrub cppcskf tc scbktdgoe cn aglk, ncr ycu kxibpak, tditisdis prcncuof bgof-iatkrgoe innkmts, `ut gt‗s i lippi cpgitk iecogst, sc gt‗s oct i truk psymdkfkagm. Vdk gotkrkstgoe tdgoe i`cut FBV gs tdit wdko gt‗s criaay goekstkf gt‗s oct imtgvk, `kmiusk gt‗s goimtgvitkf go tdk eut `y tdgs kozybk wk‗vk `kko dkirgoe sc bumd i`cut, bcocibgok cxgfisk (BCI). ]c go ctdkr wcrfs, gt bust `k pirkotkriaay goekstkf kgtdkr `y gojkmtgco cr `y sbclgoe cr go trifgtgcoia scmgktgks is i sounn, iof tdko gt‗s imtgvk co gts cwo. @ut gn gt‗s ecgoe tc `k criaay imtgvk, gt dis tc `k rkofkrkf criaay imtgvk `y tilgoe gt wgtd i BIC godg`gtcr, wdgmd gs tdk `isgs cn iyiduismi pdirbimcacey. Udko tdit dippkos, tdk pdirbimclgoktgms cn FBV gs birlkfay mdioekf. Nrcb Pgml ]trissbio‗s wcrl wgtd FBV gojkmtgco it virgcus fcsk akvkas, ycu ekt i vkry ripgf rgsk go paisbi mcomkotritgcos iof tdko gt niaas cnn, sc wgtdgo =8 bgoutks ycu‗rk ksskotgiaay `iml tc `iskagok. @ut gn ycu tilk FBV wgtd iyiduismi, ncr kxibpak, tdk dian-agnk gs erkitay prcacoekf ncr scbk dcurs `kmiusk tdk -mir`cagoks sprkif

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Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

tdit cut. Kxpkrgkotgiaay, uofkr tdcsk mgrmubstiomks gt‗s qugtk i fgnnkrkot kxpkrgkomk. Iatdcued tdk fkngogtk tryptibgok nkka‖tdk tryptibgok fgbkosgco‖gs tdkrk, gt‗s oct is gotkosk. G pkrscoiaay‖iof i act cn pkcpak‖nkka tdit tdk iyiduismi ipprcimd tc FBV gs bumd bcrk immkssg`ak. G tdgol cok cn tdk prc`akbs wgtd FBV is i tdkripkutgm mcbpcuof gojkmtkf pirkotkriaay gs tdit gt‗s sc ripgf tdit gt‗s dirf tc mcbk `iml wgtd bumd ctdkr tdio i skosk cn istcogsdbkot. Wcu mio‗t rkiaay spkof kocued tgbk go tdit stitk tc fc tdkripkutgm wcrl, gn tdit‗s tdk rkisco tdit ycu tilk gt, iof G tdgol tdit‗s pkrdips cok cn tdk rkiscos tdit is i pctkotgia bkfgmgok FBV dis `kko okeakmtkf. @ut ocw tdit wk‗rk akirogoe bcrk i`cut gt tdit biy mdioek. ]c tdit‗s lgof cn tdk pdirbimclgoktgm pgmturk cn FBV‖vkry ripgfay imtgoe iof vkry qugmlay kagbgoitkf nrcb tdk `rigo, it akist, wdkrk gt gs kagbgoitkf wgtdgo just i nkw bgoutks, wdkrkis iyiduismi prcacoes tditAkt‗s prcmkss. `iml up i agttak `gt iof tial i`cut ircbitgm ibgoc imgfs, `kmiusk FBV crgegoitks nrcb tryptcpdio, iof tryptcpdio gs io ircbitgm ibgoc imgf. Vdk ctdkr twc ircbitgm ibgoc imgfs irk tyrcsgok iof pdkoyaiaiogok iof tdksk, aglk iaa paiot prcfumts, crgegoitk nrcb tdk prcmkss cn pdctcsyotdksgs. Vdk kiragkr stieks, krytdrcsk-6-pdcspditk, pdcspdckocapyruvitk, iof sc co, tdcsk irk i scrt cn `aiml `cx tdit rkprkskots buatgpak stkps co tdk pitdwiy nrcb pdctcsyotdksgs, `ut go tdk kof ycu kof up wgtd tryptcpdio. Vryptcpdio gs tdk prkmurscr ncr iaa cn tdk gofcak psymdkfkagms is nir is G locw. G nccagsday, `rivkay, biy`k i mcb`goitgco cn `ctd, mdcsk tdgs tcpgm cn trygoe tc bilk tdk misk tdit FBV bgedt divk io kxtritkrrkstrgia crgego, tdit gt bgedt divk imtuiaay `kko skkfkf gotc cur `gcspdkrk, gotc tdk ekocbk cn Eigi gn ycu wgaa, it scbk pcgot `y i supkr-`gctkmdocacegmiaay scpdgstgmitkf mgvgagzitgco. G mio tdiol Iotco ncr tdrcwgoe fcwo tdk eiuotakt tdkrk, iof G‗b rkiaay scrry tdit G pgmlkf gt up, `kmiusk G‗b oct surk dcw G‗b ecgoe tc bilk tdit misk. Go nimt G‗b oct ecgoe tc bilk tdit misk, `kmiusk is G acclkf gotc gt, gt turos cut

Gs FBV i Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Kxtritkrrkstrgia

Mgvgagzitgco 3

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tdit tdk VPX cpkrco* gs pdyacekoktgmiaay kxtrkbkay iomgkot. Gt‗s ncuof go tdk cafkst pdyaub cn kirtday creiogsbs, tdk Irmdiki, wdgmd irk prkmurscrs tc tdk `imtkrgi, iof gt biy divk kvko cmmurrkf `kncrk tdk kvcautgco cn mkaas cr i`cut tdk tgbk tdit agnk imtuiaay `kmibk mkaauair. ]cbktgbks pdyacekogsts tial i`cut tdk A[MI, cr tdk Aist [olocwo Mcbbco Iomkstcr cn iaa agnk. Gt‗s prktty sink tc siy tdit tryptcpdio wis go tdk A[MI, wditkvkr tdit creiogsb bgedt divk `kko, wdgmd gs aglkay scbk lgof cn irmdigm `imtkrgi. ]c gn ycu accl it tdk pdyacekoktgm trkk dkrk, tdk Xrctkc`imtkrgi iof tdk Irmdkc`imtkrgi‖iaa tdgoes‖tdky dif tryptcpdio. Vdkrk‗s vkry agttak fcu`t i`cut gt gn ycu accl it tdk ekocbgm kvgfkomk. Vdky iasc dif tdk ekoks ncr syotdksgzgoe tdksk ctdkr ircbitgm ibgoc imgfs is wkaa. Gn ycu accl it tdksk ircbitgm ibgoc imgfs, wdgmd irk go iaa creiogsbs, tryptcpdio gs i mcbpcuof tdit‗s cok cn twkoty tdit ecks gotc prctkgos, is gs tyrcsgok iof pdkoyaiaiogok. Vdksk irk uogvkrsiaay fgstrg`utkf kirtday agnk

Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

co tdk bimrc akvka ncrbgoe tdksk nkkf`iml accps iof tdksk syb`gcsks iof sc co. Cliy sc, tc rkturo tdk ncmus i agttak `gt tc tdk okurcmdkbgmias‖ iof ieigo G locw tdit tdgs gs trgvgia stunn ncr i act cn ycu `ut just ncr tdk silk cn mcbpaktkokss‖tdksk ircbitgm ibgoks tdit mcbk nrcb tdk ibgoc imgfs pdkoyaiaiogok, tyrcsgok, iof tryptcpdio `y tdk prcmkss cn fkmir`cxyaitgco‖rkbcvia cn tdk imgf ercup nrcb tdk ibgoc imgf pirt cn gt‖tdko ycu ekt tdksk lgofs cn mcbpcuofs tdit irk okurcimtgvk mcbpcuofs, iof tdky divk bioy rcaks. Vdk pdkoyaialyaibgoks divk spiwokf tdksk lgofs cn maissks cn okurcmdkbgmias, sumd is fcpibgok, kpgokpdrgok. Iof tdk gofcayaialyaibgoks‖tdk sgbpak tryptibgoks go ctdkr wcrfs‖spiwokf skrctcogo, FBV, ;-bktdcxy-FBV, ktmktkri. Udko gt mcbks tc tryptcpdio gtskan iof gts mcovkrsgco gotc tryptibgoks, tdk ngrst stkp dkrk ieigo `kegos wgtd tdk fkmir`cxyaitgco cn tryptcpdio tc tryptibgok iof tdko nrcb tdkrk tc fgbktdyatryptibgok `y i skrgks`ycnkozybks ksskotgiaay trgvgia kozybitgm bcfgngmitgcos,nuofiieigo bkfgitkf tditqugtk irk iomgkot iof uogvkrsia‖tdky‗rk bkotia kozybks go mkaauair bkti`cagsb go vgrtuiaay kvkrytdgoe. ]c nrcb tryptibgok, wdgmd gs lgof cn tdk prgbiry prkmurscr, `y iffgtgco cn tdk bktdya ercups tc tdk ogtrceko, O-bktdyatriosnkrisks, ycu ekt fgbktdyatryptibgok, tdk irmdktypia tryptibgok psymdkfkagm. Iof tdko nrcb tdkrk, ieigo `y i nigray trgvgia skrgks cn stkps, dyfrcxyaitgco‖ieigo kozybks tdit dyfrcxyaitk gofcaks irk prktty mcbbco‖dyfrcxyaitk gt dkrk ycu ekt `unctkogok. Gn ycu iff i bktdya ercup tc tdk `unctkogok tdko ycu ekt ;-bktdcxy-FBV iof gn ycu dyfrcxyaitk gt go i fgnnkrkot paimk, co tdk 6 gostkif cn tdk ; pcsgtgco cn fgbktdyatryptibgok, ycu ekt psgacmgo. ]c psgacmgo gs ksskotgiaay io criaay `gcivigai`ak ncrb cn FBV, go i skosk. Gt fckso‗t okkf io BIC godg`gtcr gtskan, `ut sdcuaf ycu okkf cok, `y i prcmkss cn mymagzitgco tdksk sibk prkmurscrs mio egvk rgsk tc tdk -mir`cagoks< sc tdit‗s just ioctdkr stkp co tdgs pitdwiy nrcb tryptcpdio tc tdgs nibgay cn okurcimtgvk, iof usuiaay psymdkfkagm, tryptibgok fkrgvitgvks. Mcovkogkotay kocued, cut cn tdk sibk pitdwiy mcbk tdk

Gs FBV i Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Kxtritkrrkstrgia Mgvgagzitgco3

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-mir`cagoks. Vdksk irk nigray wgfksprkif go oiturk, iof makvkr gofgekocus pdirbimcacegsts divk ngeurkf cut tdksk mcb`goitgcos< go bioy misks tdky fco‗t kvko divk tc ngeurk tdkb cut, gt‗s cntko tdk misk tdit go paiots tdit mcotigo dged akvkas cn FBV cr rkaitkf mcbpcuofs, ycu iasc ngof tdk -mir`cagoks, cr ycu‗aa ngof tdkb go vkry macskay rkaitkf spkmgks. ]cbk cn tdk Iustriagio Imimgis irk i eccf kxibpak cn tdit< tdky irk octcrgcus ncr mcotigogoe dged akvkas cn FBV, `ut bioy cn tdkb mcotigo pdysgcacegmiaay imtgvk akvkas cn -mir`cagoks is wkaa. ]c go tdit misk ycu mio fc i cok-pct mccl< ngof tdk rgedt imimgi spkmgks iof ycu mcuaf ksskotgiaay prkpirk io iyiduismi tdit wcuafo‗t rkqugrk tdk iffgtgco cn ioctdkr -mir`cagok-mcotigogoe paiot. Is i rksuat cn tdgs prcmkss, wdgmd ecks co iaa cvkr oiturk, gt turos cut tdit FBV iof gts rkaitgvks irk wgfkay fgstrg`utkf. Vdky‗rk oct uomcbbco it iaa. Iof wk ngof tdkb kvkrywdkrk: wk ngof tdkb go tdk dgedkr paiots, go bioy, bioy spkmgks< wk ngof tdkb go tdk rkptgaks< go tdk tcifs< go nuoeg, iof cn mcursk wkkvcautgcoiry iasc ngof tdkb go tdk dubio `rigo oiturk iof okrvcus systkb. Vdgs gs tdk mcoskqukomk cn wdit gs fcgoe wgtd tdgs tryptcpdio. Gt gs i rkbirli`ak bcakmuak, `kmiusk gt egvks rgsk tc iaa cn tdksk tdgoes. Gn ycu accl it tdk paiot lgoefcb, pkcpak siy, ‑wkaa, wk‗vk gfkotgngkf biy`k cok duofrkf spkmgks cn paiots tdit mcotigo FBV cr FBV fkrgvitgvks.‒ Vdit‗s truk, `ut tdit‗s coay `kmiusk wk‗vk coay acclkf it i`cut i duofrkf iof ngnty cr sc spkmgks cn paiots. Imtuiaay, G pcsgt dkrk, iof G tdgol tdit G mio fknkof tdk gfki, FBV gs bumd bcrk mcbbco go oiturk tdio wk gbiegok. Vdkrk irk i oub`kr cn ekokri tdit irk locwo tc mcotigo FBV iof/cr ctdkr fkrgvitgvks. Udit‗s gotkrkstgoe it tdk ekous akvka gs tdit tdk mdkbgstry cn cok spkmgks cntko rknakmts tdk mdkbgstry cn ctdkr spkmgks. Uk locw go Iustriagi tdkrk‗s biy`k i duofrkf Imimgis tdit wk locw mcotigo FBV, `ut tdkrk irk twkavk duofrkf spkmgks cn Imimgis. Mdiomks irk dian cn tdkb, biy`k 5; pkrmkot, mcotigo FBV. Fksbcfgub, ioctdkr akeubk, dis tdrkk duofrkf spkmgks< Bgbcsi dis ipprcxgbitkay ogoktkko duofrkf spkmgks. ]c tdkrk irk tdcusiofs iof tdcusiofs iof pcssg`ay tkos cn tdcusiofs cn paiots tdit mcotigo FBV cr ctdkr fkrgvitgvks gn ycu accl it gt nrcb tdk

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Vdk Crgegos , Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muatur k cn FBV

stiofpcgot cn tdk oub`kr cn ekokri. Ioctdkr spkmgks, Xsymdctrgi vgrgfgs, tdk lky ifbgxturk paiot go iyiduismi pdirbimcacey‖tdkrk irk ncurtkko duofrkf spkmgks cn Xsymdctrgi. Is i ekous tdky fc divk mcbpakx mdkbgstry, `ut scbk erifuitk stufkot sdcuaf ec tdrcued iof systkbitgmiaay mcaakmt iaa tdk spkmgks cn Xsymdctrgi iof ruo tdkb tdrcued tdk biss spkmtrcpdctcbktkr, cr tdk DXAM,* tc accl ncr FBV. G `kt ycu‗f ngof i act cn Xsymdctrgi spkmgks tdit mcotigo FBV. Ksskotgiaay, tdk tilk-dcbk akssco nrcb tdgs gs: oiturk gs frkomdkf go FBV. Vdksk irk coay tdk ekokri tdit divk `kko acclkf it tdit bilk airek ibcuots cn FBV. G wcuaf vkoturk tc siy‖iof G mdiaakoek scbk`cfy tc egvk bk i `ge eriot tc mcongrb cr fgsmcongrb tdgs‖kvkry paiot mcotigos FBV. Xrc`i`ay kvkry paiot, `ut bcst cn tdkb go kxtrkbkay acw akvkas. Uk ocw divk tdk gostrubkotitgco tc fktkmt pgmcerib akvkas cn FBV. Gn ycu just wkot cutsgfk iof stirtkf eri``goe paiots iof ruoogoe tdkb tdrcued tdk kxtrimtcr, by eukss gs ycu wcuaf ngof scbk ibcuot cn FBV go kvkry paiots. Vdk pcgot gs cok tditcngt‗stdksk i vkry mcbbco mdkbgmia. Gt‗s fgstrg`utkf tdrcuedcut oiturk. G eukss ioctdkr su`tkxt pcgot cn tdit gs gn tdk iutdcrgtgks wiot tc mcotrca FBV tdko tdky‗vk ect i `ge prc`akb co tdkgr diofs< tdky just okkf tc egvk gt up, rgedt, `kmiusk tdkrk‗s oc wiy. FBV gs just nir tcc mcbbco. Gn wk accl it tdk gofgekocus usk cn FBV-mcotigogoe paiots‖tdk sdibiogm paiots tdit mcotigo sunngmgkot ibcuots cn FBV tc `k usknua ncr scbkcok‖gt‗s prktty makir tdit it akist go tdk Okw Ucraf tdk cafkst sdibiogm paiots wkrk `isgmiaay FBV paiots. Vdk scurmk cn gt wis Ioifkoiotdkri mcau`rgoi, i bkb`kr cn tdk akeubk nibgay. Uk mio accl tc tdk stituks it Vgiduioimc, @cagvgi, it 96,888 nkkt, wdkrk G wis just i nkw wkkls iec, iof tdkrk irk sounn triys tdit tdky divk go tdk buskub tdkrk. Vdk stituks irk gotkrkstgoe `kmiusk ycu mio skk tdkb iaa cvkr Vgiduioimc, wgtd `ge, fgaitkf kyks. Gt‗s oct io iagko *Dged prkssurk agqugf mdrcbitceripdy, i ai`critcry tkmdogquk uskf tc skpiritk fgnnkrkot mcbpcokots cn i bgxturk.

Gs FBV i Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Kxtritkrrkstrgia Mgvgagzitgco3

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ngeurk, gt‗s i ngeurk tdit gs tilgoe sounn. Go cok diof dk, cr gt‖wditkvkr gt gs‖gs dcafgoe i vksska tdit bgedt divk mcotigokf mdgmdi cr scbktdgoe aglk tdit, io iamcdcagm `kvkriek. @ut go tdk ctdkr diof ycu mio skk dcw tdk ngoekrs irk rkvkrskf, iof gt‗s imtuiaay dcafgoe i sounn tu`k cr sounngoe piripdkroiagi‖it akist tdgs gs tdk wiy tdgs gs gotkrprktkf. Vgiduioimc gs cok cn tdk cafkst mgvgagzitgcos go Xkru, ecgoe `iml tc it akist 0888 @MK iof pcssg`ay bumd cafkr tdio tdit. ]c gn ycu accl it tdk sdibiogm trifgtgcos go tdk Okw Ucraf, FBV wis it tdk stirt cn tdkb, iof rkiaay gs it tdk mkotkr cn tdkb, gn ycu accl it tdk bijcr coks. Vdk sounns‖tdk fgnnkrkot Ioifkoiotdkri sounns, ^grcai, iyiduismi cn mcursk, Bgbcsi‖ tdksk irk iaa go fgnnkrkot trifgtgcos, `ut tdky iaa `cga fcwo tc fkagvkry systkbs ncr FBV go scbk wiy. Iof tdko ycu accl it tdk kofcekocus FBV mdkbgstry. Ieigo, tdk sibk mcbpcuofs tdit ycu ngof go paiots ycu ngof go tdk bibbiagio okrvcus systkb: skrctcogo, iasc mcbbco go paiots< tdk fgnnkrkot FBV fkrgvitgvks< FBV gtskan< iof Bkaitcogo tdk -mir`cagoks< iof iasc bkaitcogo, wdgmd;-bktdcxy-`unctkogok gs oct tdit rirk go paiots. ippkirs tc paiy i rcak go tdk rkeuaitgco cn pdctcpkrgcfs iof tdgs scrt cn tdgoe. Ioctdkr gotkrkstgoe pcgot tdit @udokr bilks tdit G aglk: pkcpak siy, ‑wdit gs tdk nuomtgco cn tdksk psymdcimtgvks, wdit fc tdksk frue-aglk bcakmuaks fc ncr tdk paiots3‒ Iof ycu mio govclk tdk caf prctkmtgvk mcbpcuof gfki, `ut @udokr bilks tdk pcgot tdit tdky divk bumd tdk sibk nuomtgco go paiots is tdky fc ncr us‖tdky irk sgeoia triosfumtgco bkfgitcrs, tdky‗rk ksskotgiaay okurctriosbgttkrs gn ycu wgaa. @ut tdky wcrl co tdk kovgrcobkotia akvka, co tdk kmcsystkb akvka, sc tdk tkrb okurctriosbgttkr gs i `gt iwlwirf< biy`k sgeoia triosfumtgco bcakmuak gs i `kttkr wiy tc put gt3 Vdk bcakmuair tirekt go bibbiagio okrvcus systkbs ncr truk psymdkfkagms irk tdksk ;-DV0I rkmkptcrs, ibcoe ctdkrs. Vdky irk i bkb`kr cn tdgs airek nibgay cn rkmkptcrs locwo is tdk EXMP, tdk E- prctkgomcupakf rkmkptcrs. Vdkrk irk bioy lgofs cn E-prctkgo-mcupakf rkmkptcrs. Vdky‗rk oct okmkssirgay iaa okurcrkmkptcrs, is scbk irk dcrbcok rkmkptcrs, `ut `isgmiaay is i maiss tdky gotkrimt wgtd tdk kxtrimkaauair

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Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

bcakmuaks sumd is skrctcogo iof tdky imt go gotrimkaauair sgeoia triosfumtgco pitdwiys. Vdksk EXMP ageiofs gomaufk iaa lgofs cn tdgoes: agedt skosgtgvk mcbpcuofs, dcrbcok rkmkptcrs, pdkrcbcok rkmkptcrs, cfcrs, iof cn mcursk okurctriosbgttkrs. Cok cn tdksk EXMP ageiof-typk rkmkptcrs, tdk ;-DV0I rkmkptcrs, bkfgitks tdk knnkmts cn FBV iof bioy ctdkr bcakmuaks cn tdgs maiss cn wdit ycu bgedt accskay mdirimtkrgzk is truk psymdkfkagms. Gt‗s cok cn i`cut ncurtkko skrctcogo rkmkptcr su`typks. Vdko ycu‗vk ect tdk pgokia eaiof. Gt‗s dirf tc fgsbgss, kvko tdcued wk fco‗t tctiaay uofkrstiof gts nuomtgcos< wk locw gt dis tc `k gbpcrtiot. Uk locw kocued i`cut gt tc locw tdit ksskotgiaay gt rkeuaitks mgrmifgio rdytdbs, skiscoia rdytdbs, skxuia bituritgco, iof iaa cn tdgs typk cn stunn. Gts imtgcos irk bkfgitkf bcstay `y bkaitcogo rkmkptcrs tdit irk acmitkf go tdk suprimdgisbitgm oumakus go tdk dypctdiaibus‖ lgof cn tdk `rigo‗s macml‖iof gts bcfuaitgco cn tdk rdytdbs tdrcued tdit bkmdiogsb gs dcw cur sakkp mymaks irk rkeuaitkf is wkaa is dcw cur rkimtgcos tc agedt irk mcotrcaakf. Gt iasc syotdksgzks FBV, ;-bktdcxy-FBV, iofioftdkfirl sgbpak -mir`cagok locwo is pgocagok, oibkf intkr tdk pgokia eaiof. Xgocagok gs `ctd i wkil BIC godg`gtcr iof i nigray strcoe ;-DV0I uptilk godg`gtcr. G‗b puttgoe tdgs up dkrk is tdcued gt‗s i`scautkay fkbcostritkf, iof G tdgol it tdgs pcgot wk mio prc`i`ay sinkay siy gt gs‖tdksk tdgoes imtuiaay fc cmmur go tdk pgokia eaiof. Jimk Miaaiwiy, by mcaakieuk tdit wcrlkf co tdk iyiduismi prcjkmt, prcpcskf tdit tdksk mcbpcuofs mio rkeuaitk wilgoe iof frkibgoe mymaks iof tdit erifuia kakvitgco cn paisbi akvkas cn FBV furgoe PKB sakkp bcfuaitks tdk vgsgcos. Gt‗s i rkiscoi`ak dypctdksgs, `ut oc`cfy dis imtuiaay fkbcostritkf gt. Uk locw Pgml ]trissbio‗s wcrl, prcvgfgoe niotistgm gosgedt gotc FBV‗s pctkotgia nuomtgco go bijcr agnk kvkots sumd is `grtd iof fygoe. Gt‗s prc`i`ay govcavkf go tdk creisbgm rkspcosk is wkaa, tdit‗s i vkry paiusg`ak gfki< tdkrk irk bioy paiusg`ak bkmdiogsbs, iof wdit wk okkf gs fkngogtgvk kvgfkomk iof tdit‗s immubuaitgoe. Vdit wgaa mcbk< G tdgol wk irk iaa mcovgomkf cn tdit, go tdgs rccb it akist. Iof cn mcursk ycu iaa locw cn tdk rcak cn

Gs FBV i Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Kxtritkrrkstrgia Mgvgagzitgco3

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tdk pgokia eaiof, tdk gbpcrtiomk cn gt go ksctkrgm systkbs cn tdk tdgrf kyk iof sc ncrtd. ]c, tryptibgoks divk tc `k gbpcrtiot go dubio okurcpdysgcacey, cr tdky wcuafo‗t iaa `k tgkf up wgtd tdk pgokia. Iof wk divk tdgs strcoe gotugtgco tdit tdkrk‗s scbktdgoe ecgoe co, `ut wdit wk aiml gs fkngogtgvk kvgfkomk cn tdk pgokia eaiof‗s pdysgcacegmia rcak. Gt‗s qugtk tiotiagzgoe, `ut wk fco‗t ykt imtuiaay locw. Vdkrk‗s i act cn wcrl aknt tc `k fcok. Vdit‗s lgof cn wdit wk locw i`cut FBV nrcb tdk pdysgcacegmia ioeak, nrcb tdk kmcacegmia iof `gcsyotdktgm ioeak, go paiots iof sc co. Vdk ctdkr tdgoe tdit wk locw i`cut FBV tdit wk mio‗t rkiaay fgsputk, `iskf co cur cwo su`jkmtgvk kxpkrgkomks cn FBV iof cur cwo komcuotkrs wgtd tdk pdkocbkocacey cn gt, gs tdit cntko tdk FBV kxpkrgkomk fckso‗t rkiaay skkb tc `k tdit muaturiaay fkpkofiot‖tdk knnkmts irk cntko bcrk cr akss gofkpkofkot cn muaturia mcotkxt. Muaturks wgaa cvkraiy tdkgr cwo gotkrprktitgcos cotc gt, `ut tdk imtuia kxpkrgkomk gtskan gs oct sc bumd muaturk `cuof. G tdgol wk mio iaa ierkk tdit tdk knnkmts‖gn ycu ekt i scagf dgt‖irk istcogsdgoe, iwk gospgrgoe, iof cntko tkrrgnygoe. Vdky irk i biognkstitgco cn wdit gs scbktgbks miaakf tdk bystkrgub trkbkofub, i prcncuof, trkbkofcus bystkry tdit gs nismgoitgoe. Wcu mio‗t tilk ycur kyks cnn cn gt, `ut ycu mio‗t accl it gt kgtdkr. Vdk `urogoe `usd gs i eccf kxibpak iof tdit‗s wdy G put scbk mrkfkomk go tdgs octgco tdit tdk `urogoe `usd wis prc`i`ay Imimgi ogactgmi, is i rkiscoi`ak miofgfitk. Vdkrk gs cntko i nkat prkskomk cn ocodubio kotgtgks tdit gs gotkrprktkf go cur muaturia mcotkxt is iagkos, pkrdips go ctdkr mcotkxts is spgrgts cr paiot spgrgts cr, wdc locws, iomkstcrs, bioy tdgoes< `ut tdkrk gs fkngogtkay i skosk cn `kgoe go tdk prkskomk cn io gotkaagekomk tdit gs oct ycu iof oct dubio. Iof tdksk gotkaagekomks irk oct coay tdkrk, `ut tdky irk prkskotgoe goncrbitgco iof tdky‗rk vkry mcomkrokf tdit ycu ekt gt‖ tdky‗rk tkimdgoe aksscos. Cntko go tdk FBV stitk tdky‗rk vkry dippy tc skk ycu `kmiusk, ‑wdkrk divk ycu `kko iaa tdgs tgbk, iof `cy fc wk divk stunn tc tkaa ycu!‒ Iof ycu locw tdky fc, go tdk nkw bgoutks tdit tdky divk, iof ycu‗rk aglk, ‑gt‗s tcc bumd tc tilk go.‒ Vdkrk‗s tdgs fkngogtk

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Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

nkkagoe tdit tdkrk‗s i eocsgs tdit tdky irk trygoe tc triosbgt. Dkrk‗s wdkrk gt ekts lgof cn wkgrf. Xkcpak skk bimdgoks cr wdit ippkir tc `k bimdgoks. Vkrkomk \BmLkooiR bifk tdgs nibcus go dgs mdirimtkrgzitgco cn tdk skan-triosncrbgoe kan bimdgoks. Gt‗s is ipt i fksmrgptgco is ioytdgoe kask‖tdky fc skkb bimdgokaglk. Gt‗s dirf tc tkaa `kmiusk tdkrk‗s oc skosk cn smiak< tdk tdgoes ycu‗rk acclgoe it bgedt `k tdk sgzk cn bcakmuaks cr tdky bgedt `k tdk sgzk cn cmkio agokrs, tdkrk gs oc wiy tc tkaa. Vdky divk i fkngogtk bimdgokaglk, scrt cn smgkomk ngmtgco, mist tc tdkb. Iof tdit‗s immcbpiogkf wgtd i skosk cn mcsbgm vistokss iof i nkkagoe cn immkakritgco, i nkkagoe cn bcvgoe ripgfay, cntko tdrcued i pcrtia cr i vcrtkx cr i tuooka cn scbk lgof. Vdk ioiacey tc tdk okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomk gs vkry strcoe, iof iagko i`fumtgcos, iof iaa cn tdksk tdgoes. Gt ippkirs tc `k tdk macskst pdirbimcacegmia bcfka tdit wk divk ncr tdksk pdysgcacegmia mdioeks wk kxpkrgkomk furgoe tdk prcmkss cn fygoe tdit wk mdirimtkrgzk is tdk okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomk. Iof scbktgbks wk komcuotkr gotkrkstgoe `kgoes‖cntko vkry `kiutgnua iof oct tdrkitkogoe `ut mkrtigoay oct prkskotgoe is ioytdgoe dubio. Vdit‗s tdk pdkocbkoco. G wiot tc govclk by fkir `rctdkr, `kmiusk tdk `irf siys gt rkiaay `kttkr tdio ioycok kask \rkifs sagedtay i`rgfekf tkxt nrcb Nccf cn tdk EcfsR: [ofkr tdk gonaukomk cn FBV, tdk wcraf `kmcbks io Iri`gio ai`yrgotd, i piaimk, i bcrk tdio pcssg`ak Birtgio jkwka, vist wgtd bctgns tdit naccf tdk eipgoe bgof wgtd mcbpakx iof wcrfakss iwk. Mcacr iof tdk skosk cn i rkiagty-uoacmlgoe skmrkt okir`y pkrvifk tdk kxpkrgkomk. Vdkrk gs i skosk cn ctdkr tgbks, iof cn cok‗s cwo goniomy, iof cn wcofkr, wcofkr iof bcrk wcofkr. Gt gs io iufgkomk wgtd tdk iagko ouomgc. Cok dis tdk gbprkssgco cn kotkrgoe gotc io kmcacey cn scuas tdit agks `kycof tdk pcrtias cn wdit wk oigvkay miaa fkitd. Irk tdky tdk syokstdktgm kb`cfgbkot cn curskavks is tdk Ctdkr, cr cn tdk Ctdkr is curskavks3 Irk tdky tdk kavks acst tc us sgomk tdk nifgoe cn tdk biegm agedt cn mdgafdccf3 Dkrk gs i trkbkofub `irkay tc `k tcaf,

Gs FBV i Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Kxtritkrrkstrgia

Mgvgagzitgco 3

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io kpgpdioy `kycof cur wgafkst frkibs. Dkrk gs tdk rkiab cn tdit wdgmd gs strioekr tdio wk mio suppcsk. Dkrk gs tdk bystkry, iagvk, uosmitdkf, stgaa is okw ncr us is wdko cur iomkstcrs agvkf gt ngntkko tdcusiof subbkrs iec. Vdk skosk cn kbctgcoia mcookmtgco gs tkrrgnygoe iof gotkosk. Vdk Bystkrgks rkvkiakf irk rkia iof gn kvkr nuaay tcaf wgaa akivk oc stcok upco ioctdkr go tdk sbiaa wcraf wk divk ecok sc gaa go. FBV gs oct cok cn cur grritgcoia gaausgcos. Udit wk kxpkrgkomk go tdk prkskomk cn FBV gs rkia okws. Gt gs i okir`y fgbkosgco‖ nrgedtkogoe, triosncrbitgvk, iof `k ycof cur pcwkrs tc gbieg ok, iof ykt tc `k kxpacrkf go tdk usuia wiy.

Dk fgfo‗t ekt ircuof tc sueekstgoe wdit tdk ‑usuia wiy‒ gs, `ut G eukss tdit‗s wdit wk‗rk kxpacrgoe ocw. ]dcut cut tc by `rctdkr Vkrkomk. Dk dif tdk egnt, fgfo‗t dk3 Akt‗strygoe ec `iml tc pdyacekoy ncr iFBV bgoutk. wisiagko scrtbcakmuak cn skirmdgoe ircuof tc ngof kvgfkomk tdit wisG io iof tdit gt wis it scbk pcgot skkfkf gotc tdk ekocbk cn tdk `gcspdkrk `y scbk iagko supkr mgvgagzitgco. G mcuaf oct ngof tdit, `kmiusk gn ycu accl it tdk pdyacekoy cn tryptcpdio iof tdk kozybks tdit bcfgny tryptcpdio gotc tdgoes aglk FBV iof gn ycu accl it tdk pdyacekoy cn tdk E-prctkgo”mcupakf rkmkptcrs, ycu ngof tdit tdksk tdgoes irk iaa pdyacekoktgmiaay qugtk iomgkot. Vdk ekoks ncr tryptcpdio `gcsyotdksgs divk `kko gfkotgngkf go tdk cafkst pdyai cn tdk kirtday creiogsbs, tdk Irmdiki, is G bkotgcokf `kncrk. Vdk ekoks ncr tdk kozybks irk sgbgairay iomgkot‖tdk E-prctkgo”mcupakf rkmkptcrs, okurctriosbgttkr rkmkptcrs, tdk nibgay cn rkmkptcrs tdit gomaufks tdk skrctcogo rkmkptcrs‖iof uatgbitkay ircsk nrcb cok cn tdksk skvkria nibgagks, tdk rdcfcpsgo nibgay, iof tdgs ecks `iml gn oct tc tdk imtuia crgegos cn agnk, tdko gt ecks `iml tc tdk crgegos cn buatgmkaauairgty it akist. Vdksk tdgoes divk `kko go tdk `gcspdkrk sgomk tdk `kegoogoe. Vdky‗vk dif tdkgr nuomtgco sgomk tdk `kegoogoe. ]c gn tdky wkrk skkfkf gotc tdk `gcspdkrk `y io iagko spkmgks, tdky dif tc ekt go io kiray stirt.

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Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

G bkio wk biy is wkaa siy tdky skkfkf agnk cotc tdk paiokt, iof tdko agnk uoncafkf iof eivk us wdit wk divk. Iof tdit‗s pcssg`ak, G bkio tdgs piospkrbgi gfki gs oct sumd i mrizy gfki, `kmiusk wk locw tdit mcbkts divk gbpimtkf Kirtd it virgcus tgbks iof tdit tdky irk acifkf wgtd creiogm mdkbgmias, iof tdgs biy `k cok kxpaioitgco ncr dcw agnk crgegoitkf co tdgs paiokt. G tdgol tdit go scbk wiys ycu fco‗t rkiaay okkf tc govclk piospkrbgi, `kmiusk G tdgol tdk Kirtd dis pakoty cn creiogm mcbpakxgty iof mio govkot gts cwo agnk. Iof tdit‗s prc`i`ay wdit dippkokf. ]c wdit fc wk locw3 Uk locw tdit FBV gs tdk bcst bgofsdittkrgoe psymdkfkagm sc nir komcuotkrkf `y dubios< wk locw gt‗s i vkry sgbpak bkti`cagtk cn tryptcpdio tdit‗s okiray u`gqugtcus‖iof G wcuaf vkoturk tc siy gt gs i uogvkrsia cn oiturk‖gt‗s i mcbpcokot cn bibbiagio pdysgcacey< gt fcks bioy tdgoes go tdk `rigo< iof gt gs govcavkf go pgokia imtgvgty. Gotkrkstgoeay kocued gt‗s oct criaay imtgvk, iof go bcst co misks dgffko dubio cn kxpkrgkomk. [otga `cfyscstub`aks tdkgt‗s vkry sgbpaknrcb tkmdocacey mcb`gogoe cok scbkpaiot wgtd ioctdkr‖i ΰ-mir`cagok”mcotigogoe paiot wgtd scbktdgoe mcotigogoe FBV‖iof tdko immgfkotiaay, cr fkag`kritkay, gt mcbks cut cn dgfgoe iof gt biognksts is ycu mcosubk tdit mcomcmtgco. Iof tdko wk divk psgacmy`go, wdgmd gs i rkbirli`ak kxmkptgco tc iaa tdgs. Xsgacmy`go gs io criaay imtgvk ncrb cn FBV tdit gs pkrnkmtay sugtkf tc bibbiagio bkti`cagsb iof rkqugrks oc tkmdocacey it iaa‖iaa ycu divk tc fc gs `kof cvkr, pgml gt up, iof kit gt, iof tdko tdk skmrkt wgaa `k rkvkiakf. ]c wdy fcks oiturk fc tdit3 G fco‗t locw. @ut psgacmy`go, kspkmgiaay tdk airek busdrccbs aglk Xsgacmy`k mu`kosgs tdit irk `ge, `kiutgnua, iof ecafko, tdky‗rk c`vgcus is i maustkr stgmlgoe cut cn i mcw pgk, wdgmd gs wdkrk ycu‗rk ecgoe tc ngof tdkb. ]c kiray dubios mcuaf oct divk oct octgmkf tdgs‖G bkio ycu‗f divk tc `k `agof oct tc skk gt‖iof `kgoe i murgcus spkmgks iof `kgoe i duoery spkmgks, cur prgbitk iomkstcrs prc`i`ay sibpakf psgacmy`go busdrccbs. Kiray co, rkiaay kiray co. Uk rkiaay divk oc wiy tc locw. @ut gt skkbs aglkay. ]c wdit kask fc wk locw3 Oct bumd. G tdgol go smgkomk gt‗s

Gs FBV i Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Kxtritkrrkstrgia Mgvgagzitgco3

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gbpcrtiot tc rkbgof curskavks mcostiotay tdit wk fco‗t locw vkry bumd i`cut tdk wcraf. Uk tkof tc `k irrceiot scbktgbks i`cut smgkomk, wk tkof tc `k sbue i`cut dcw bumd smgkomk dis rkvkiakf i`cut tdk oiturk cn tdk wcraf iof tdk oiturk cn rkiagty, iof wk cntko acsk sgedt cn tdk nimt tdit wk imtuiaay divk i vkry sbiaa sagmk cn rkiagty tdit wk mio siy wk uofkrstiof. Uk fco‗t kvko tctiaay uofkrstiof tdit. Dubgagty gs oct i mdirimtkrgstgm tdit ycu ngof cntko go smgkotgsts, `ut G tdgol wk okkf bcrk cn gt. G tdgol wk okkf tc rkbgof curskavks iaa tdk tgbk tdit wk‗rk acclgoe it i vkry nriebkotkf pgmturk cn wdit‗s ecgoe co. Xsymdkfkagms irk pirtay tdk iotgfctk tc tdit< gn ycu tilk psymdkfkagms rkeuairay tdky wgaa rkbgof ycu tdit ycu fco‗t locw bumd. It akist tdky mkrtigoay fc bk. Gt‗s prktty makir nrcb tdk kvgfkomk tdit wk‗vk rkvgkwkf tdit FBV gs ngrbay kb`kffkf go tkrrkstrgia pdyacekoy. Gt fckso‗t divk io kxtritkrrkstrgia crgego, sc wdy gs tdgs pdkocbkocacey cn FBV sc bumd aglk purk smgkomk ngmtgco3 Udit‗s wgtd tdk bimdgoks, iof tdk kavks, iof tdk ocodubio kotgtgks, iofbilk tdk skosk cn mcsbgm spimks3 Udkrk‗s tdit mcbgoe nrcb3 ]gomk G mio‗t tdk misk tdit FBV gs io kxtritkrrkstrgia bksskoekr bcakmuak‖G rkiaay mio‗t bilk tdit nay `iskf co tdk agbgtkf kvgfkomk tdit wk divk‖sc akt‗s tdgol i`cut io iatkroitgvk dypctdksgs dkrk. Vdit gs, tdit wk irk tdk iagkos, iof `ugat gotc tdk irmdgtkmturk cn tdk dubio okrvcus systkb gs i skt cn rkmkptcrs skosgtgvk tc FBV iof ctdkr tryptibgoks tdit ippkir tc cpko tdk fccrs tc io uoskko uogvkrsk tkkbgoe wgtd ocodubio agnk iof gotkaagekomk. Udit G‗b sueekstgoe dkrk gs tdit FBV gs i bksskoekr bcakmuak. Gt‗s i sgeoia triosfumtgco bcakmuak tdit wcrls go tdk `gcspdkrk, co tdk kmcacegmia akvka go tdk `gcspdkrk, `ut gt‗s oct io kxtritkrrkstrgia bksskoekr, gt‗s i fkmgfkfay tkrrkstrgia bksskoekr bcakmuak. Kbioitgoe nrcb tdk dkirt-bgof cn Eigi, gt‗s trygoe tc skof us i bkssiek is i spkmgks. Iof tdk bkssiek gt‗s trygoe tc skof us gs, ‑Uilk up ycu bcolkys! Wcu‗rk wrkmlgoe tdk paimk!‒ Gt‗s i bkssiek nrcb io gotkaagekot oiturk tc tdk bcst prc`akbitgm spkmgks tc ippkir go tdk mcursk cn kvcautgco (i fcu`ak-kfekf swcrf, is wk wgaa rkvgkw). Bcst cn ycu go tdgs rccb irk prc`i`ay caf kocued tdit ycu biy

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Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

rkmceogzk tdgs gmcogm gbiek, nrcb pcssg`ay tdk erkitkst smgkomk ngmtgco bcvgk kvkr bifk, 0889. Iof tdk gotkrkstgoe tdgoe i`cut tdgs gs tdit tdk bcocagtd, tdk mcomkpt cn i bcocagtd, gs tdit go tdk bcvgk gt nuangas tdk nuomtgco cn tdk bystkrgub trkbkofub. Gt gs io grrksgstg`ak ncrmk tdit ippkirs, gt‗s gomcbprkdkosg`ak, gt‗s tkrrgnygoe, gt‗s wdcaay iagko, gt‗s mcbpaktkay ctdkr. Gt ippkirs tc mcbk nrcb cutsgfk cn tgbk cr spimk cr ioytdgoe tdit wk locw, iof wk irk nismgoitkf `y gt iof wk mio‗t tilk cur kyks cnn cn gt, iof tdk bcocagtd sdcws up go dubio dgstcry it mrgtgmia juomturks. Gt sdcws up co tdk ]krkoektg Xaigo‖tdit‗s wdkrk wk ngrst skk gt go tdk cpkogoe cn 0889‖iof gt trgeekrs tdk `grtd cn mceogtgco. [oncrtuoitkay, go tdk bcvgk tdk bigo goocvitgco cn tdk tgbk gs fkpgmtkf is wkipcos< tdk ipk turos tdk nkbur gotc scbktdgoe tc `aufekco pkcpak. @ut gt‗s i tcca, tdit‗s i stkp. Vdko tdk bcocagtd sdcws up ieigo twc bgaagco ykirs aitkr go i mritkr co tdk bcco, iof tdko ieigo ircuof Jupgtkr. Vdk rcak cn gt, is Gisskk gs tc tcwirf pgvctiaayscbk gonaukomk mceogtgvk kvcautgco, tc oufek us iacoe wkgt,kvcavk uolocwo purpcsk. Gt gonaukomks tdk cutmcbks go wiys tdit wk fco‗t rkiaay uofkrstiof. Vdk tdgoe i`cut tdk bcocagtd gs tdit gt gs pcstuaitkf is scbktdgoe tdit mcbks nrcb ioctdkr mgvgagzitgco. Uk fco‗t okkf tc ec tc Jupgtkr tc ngof tdk kqugviakot cn tdk bcocagtd< tdk bcocagtd iof gts kqugviakot divk rksgfkf go oiturk kvkr sgomk agnk co Kirtd stirtkf go tdk ncrb cn tdksk paiots, pirtgmuairay tdk psymdkfkagm busdrccbs. Vdksk irk pio-eac`ia busdrccbs, tdky cmmur tdrcuedcut tdk wcraf. Vdky irk macskay syb`gctgm tc dubios, `kmiusk tdky irk isscmgitkf‖kspkmgiaay tdk Xsgacmy`k mu`kosgs‖wgtd tdk fuoe cn mittak. Mittak `kmibk fcbkstgmitkf prc`i`ay aitk go cur fkvkacpbkot, `ut tdky‖ uoeuaitks‖wkrk ircuof, iof tdksk busdrccbs wcuaf divk `kko komcuotkrkf. Comk tdgs mcookmtgco wis bifk, G ireuk tdit immgfkotia cr fkag`kritk komcuotkrs wgtd tdksk busdrccbs mrkitkf tdk mceogtgvk kvkots tdit trgeekrkf okuria kvcautgco iof tdk gfki cn i`strimtgco iof tdk i`gagty tc mrkitk syb`cas iof tc usk cur diofs tc biognkst tdcsk syb`cas gotc pdysgmia rkiagty‖go ctdkr wcrfs, tkmdocacey. ]c tdgs

Gs FBV i Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Kxtritkrrkstrgia Mgvgagzitgco3

;5

gs wdit G‗b pcstuaitgoe: tdit FBV, psgacmy`go, iof tdksk typks cn mcbpcuofs irk mitiaysts ncr mceogtgvk kvcautgco. Vdgs gs wdy tdky‗rk tdkrk< iof tdky‗rk put tdkrk oct `y kxtritkrrkstrgias `ut `y tdk `gcspdkrk gtskan, `y Eigi, tdk bctdkr Eigi go iaa dkr wgsfcb tc try iof ekt tdgs prc`akbitgm spkmgks tc bcvk tc tdk okxt akvka cn kvcautgcoiry fkvkacpbkot iof it tdk sibk tgbk oct `acw tdk paimk up. Go ctdkr wcrfs, oiturk mrkitkf tdgs gotkaagekot spkmgks tdit gs i vkry prc`akbitgm spkmgks. Gt‗s aglk govkotgoe tdk itcbgm `cb`, cr oumakir kokrey, cr scbktdgoe aglk tdit: ycu mio fc tdgoes wgtd gt tdit irk qugtk usknua, `ut gt‗s iasc kxtrkbkay fioekrcus. Vdit‗s lgof cn wdit wk irk, tdk bcst prcbgsgoe spkmgks ncr kirtday kvcautgco tc ec tc tdk okxt akvka, `ut wk‗rk iasc tdk bcst aglkay tc fkstrcy tdk wdcak kotkrprgsk. Oiturk gs `ctd `rivk iof biy`k nccagsd tc egvk rgsk tc io kotgty aglk us, tdk prc`akbitgm prgbitk. Gofgekocus pkcpak divk tdgs octgco tdit tdksk paiots irk tkimdkrs, iof tdgs gs G tdgol i viagf wiy tc accl it gt. Vdksk paiots fc tkimd us tdgoes cvkr tdky tdk mcursk kvcautgcoiry iof tkimd gofgvgfuias tdgoes tdit okkf tccnlocw cvkr tdktgbk, mcursk cn tdky io gofgvgfuia agnk. Udit fc tdky tkimd us3 Ukaa ncr cok tdgoe tdky tkimd us syb`gcsgs< tdit‗s prc`i`ay tdk bigo akssco. Vdky tkimd us io ipprkmgitgco cn tdk gotkrmcookmtkf iof gotkrfkpkofkot oiturk cn kvkrytdgoe co Kirtd, cn iaa agvgoe tdgoes co Kirtd. Vdky tkimd us tdit wk‗rk pirt cn tdgs prcmkss iof tdit wk irk gbbkrskf go tdgs wk`< wk‗rk oct skpiritk nrcb gt. Vdgs gs scbktdgoe tdit go tdk mcotkbpcriry kri wk‗vk ncrecttko. Vdgs gs i `ge pirt cn cur prc`akb‖wk tdgol cn curskavks is skpiritk nrcb oiturk, iof tdgs wiy cn tdgolgoe gs scbktdgoe wk divk tc ekt cvkr. Vdky iasc tkimd us `gcpdgagi. @isgmiaay co i nuofibkotia akvka ycu mcbk cut cn psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomk wgtd i nkkagoe ncr tdk simrkfokss cn iaa agnk iof i acvk ncr agnk, iof tdit‗s io gbpcrtiot tdgoe tc gotkeritk. Vdky tkimd us iogbgsb: tdk pkrmkptgco tdit kvkrytdgoe gs iagvk iof gotkaagekot. Iof co tdk eac`ia akvka tdky tkimd us piotdkgsb‖tdk octgco tdit tdk uogvkrsk gtskan, tdk wcraf gtskan, gs iagvk iof gotkaagekot. Vdgs gs tdk wcrafvgkw cn bcst gofgekocus muaturks tdit usk psymdkfkagms, iof gt `kmcbks tdk wcrafvgkw cn gofgvgfuias go cur muaturk tdit usk psymdkfkagms.

;4

Vdk Crgegos , Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muatur k cn FBV

Vdksk irk oct dypctdksks< tdksk irk oct suppcsgtgcos i`cut tdk wiy tdk wcraf gs‖tdgs gs i fgrkmt c`skrvitgco cn tdk wiy tdk wcraf gs. Iof sc tdit‗s pirtay tdk akssco‖io gbpcrtiot akssco‖tdit tdky tkimd. Gotkrkstgoeay kocued, gt‗s imtuiaay macskr tc tdk murrkot smgkotgngm uofkrstiofgoe cn tdk wiy tdgoes wcrl tdio iaa tdksk ctdkr rkfumtgcogst iof fuiagst bcfkas. ]mgkomk wgaa suppcrt tdgs gfki. Is G sigf, tdkrk‗s pakoty cn kvgfkomk tc sdcw tdit paiots kxdg`gt gotkaagekomk iof tdit tdk `gcspdkrk is i wdcak imts gotkaagekotay iof go gts cwo gotkrkst< sc tdgs gs oct io uosmgkotgngm vgkw it iaa. ]mgkomk dis ksskotgiaay tilko i acoe tgbk tc mcbk `iml tc tdk vgkw tdit tdk gofgekocus pkcpak divk iawiys dif. ]c wdit kask fc tdky tkimd us3 Ukaa, tdky tkimd us fgnnkrkot wiys cn tdgolgoe< tdky tkimd us fgnnkrkot wiys cn pkrmkgvgoe iof `kgoe< tdky stgbuaitk wcofkr iof iwk< tdky stgbuaitk gfkitgco iof murgcsgty. Xsymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomks irk usuiaay `kiutgnua‖ usuiaay `kiutgnua‖iof sc tdky stgbuaitk cur ikstdktgm skosk. Vdky cpko tdk fccr tc tdk uoggs i uogvkrsk vkrsk wgtdgo bilki us iwirk tdit tdkrk wgtdgo‖i firl mcotgokot cr iof pkrdips agedt mcotgokot, G fco‗t locw, `ut gt‗s pcpuaitkf wgtd strioek `kgoes iof strioek vgstis tdit wkrk ocrbiaay oct immkssg`ak tc us. ]c tdky koi`ak tdk kxpkrgkomk: tdk iwirkokss cn tdk kxgstkomk cn i triosmkofkot rkiagty tdit gs ocrbiaay macskf tc us. Ippirkotay gt‗s oct pirt cn cur ocrbia rkiagty, iof gt biy go nimt `k `kycof fkitd< cr, wk cntko divk tdk gotugtgco tdit tdgs triosmkofkot rkiagty gs io inngrbitgco cn tdk octgco tdit tdkrk gs scbktdgoe `kycof fkitd. Udit kask fc wk akiro nrcb tdksk paiot tkimdkrs3 Uk akiro slgaas, iof go i mkrtigo skosk, wk akiro murgcsgty. Gn wk‗rk oct iarkify murgcus i`cut tdk wcraf, psymdkfkagms wgaa stgbuaitk tdit murgcsgty. Gt fcks sc go gofgekocus pkcpaks iof mkrtigoay go us< murgcsgty gs io gooitk fksgrk tc uofkrstiof tdgoes, tc isl qukstgcos, iof murgcsgty gs tdk koegok cr tdk paitncrb co wdgmd smgkomk kxgsts. ]mgkomk gs ksskotgiaay i wiy tc sitgsny cur murgcsgty i`cut oiturk, tc isl qukstgcos cn oiturk go i wiy tdit wk mio imtuiaay‖wgtdgo agbgts‖vkrgny. Uk mio ekt ioswkrs `iml nrcb oiturk tdit irk bkiogoenua. Vdit‗s frgvko `y murgcsgty. G fco‗t locw

Gs FBV i Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Kxtritkrrkstrgia Mgvgagzitgco3

;7

cn ioy eccf smgkotgst wdc gs oct gonaibkf iof goncrbkf `y murgcsgty. Vdit‗s wdit uatgbitkay frgvks tdk dubio qukst ncr tdk trutd. Murgcsgty egvks us gbiegoitgco. Gt egvks us tdgs i`gagty tc ncrb bkotia gbieks cn syb`cagm strumturks‖i`strimt gbieks tdit wk mio tdko imtuiaay gostiotgitk gotc rkiagty tdrcued cur mrkitgvk bgofs iof cur mrkitgvk diofs. Uk mio mrkitk tkmdocacegks, irtgstgm irtgnimts, iaa cn tdksk tdgoes. Gt koi`aks us tc mcomkgvk syb`cagm strumturks tdit divk bkiogoe iof tdit wk mio tdko kxprkss go io irtgstgm cr tkmdocacegmia wiy. Gt koi`aks us tc `ugaf bcfkas i`cut pkrmkptgco, i`cut tdk wcraf, iof i`cut tdk wiy tdgoes wcrl, iof wk divk dif scbk fgsmussgcos dkrk i`cut dcw wk rkiaay agvk go i bcfka rkiagty: gt‗s i rkiagty tdit cur `rigos syotdksgzk, iof wk agvk gosgfk. Gt‗s i bcrk cr akss immuritk bcfka, `kmiusk gt iaacws us tc bcvk i`cut iof survgvk go tdk wcraf, `ut gt‗s tdit mceogtgvk i`gagty tdit akts us `ugaf tdksk bcfkas. Ksskotgiaay tdgs gs i diaaumgoitgco tdit bcrk cr akss bips tc rkiagty immuritkay kocued. Uk locw nrcb pdysgms cr ctdkr scurmks tditgorkiagty accl aglk egvk tdit,us`ut divk tc tc bilk gt bilk skosk scbk fckso‗t wiy, iofrkiaay psymdkfkagms tdkwki`gagty fc tdit. ]c wdit irk tdk kvcautgcoiry mcoskqukomks cn tdgs, gn ioy3 Is G bkotgcokf wk‗rk murgcus, wk‗rk tdk prc`akb-scavgoe prgbitks, wk‗rk tdk prc`akbitgm prgbitks, wk `ugaf bcfkas, iof wk‗rk tdk bcst fioekrcus tdgoe tdit‗s ippkirkf go tdk mcursk cn kvcautgco sgomk tdk wdcak kotkrprgsk `keio. Ncr tdk ngrst tgbk tdkrk‗s tdk imtuia pcssg`gagty tdit wk mcuaf buml tdgoes up sc `ifay tdit wk mcuaf imtuiaay mcbpaktkay wrkml tdk dcbkcstitgm bkmdiogsbs tdit dcaf tdk `gcspdkrk tcektdkr iof bilk agnk co Kirtd pcssg`ak. Oiturk eivk rgsk tc us, iof sdk, cr gt, cr wditkvkr, tdgs gotkaagekomk eivk rgsk tc us, iof sc bust go scbk skosk divk `kko iwirk cn cur fkstrumtgvk pctkotgia. G locw tdit tdksk irk iotdrcpcbcrpdgm tkrbs, `ut tdky‗rk oct sc nir cut cn paimk. Ncr cok tdgoe, tdk mcursk cn `gcacegmia kvcautgco iof tdk stitkay pimk cn `gcacegmia triosncrbitgco cn spkmgks iaa ecks cut tdk wgofcw. Kvcautgco gs go cur diofs ocw, iof wk wgaa fkmgfk dcw wk kvcavk nrcb ocw co. Uk divk tdk tkmdocacey tc rkimd gotc cur vkry ekocbks iof tdk ekocbks cn ctdkr creiogsbs.

>8

Vdk Crgegos , Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

Kvcautgco gs ocw i mcbbkrmgia kotkrprgsk, gt‗s oct i`cut oituria skakmtgco. Dubio-gbpcskf irtgngmgia skakmtgco gs ocw tdk prgbiry frgvgoe ncrmk go kvcautgco. Uk mio `ugaf, iof wk divk `ugat, tkmdocacegks tdit mio mcbpaktkay wgpk cut agnk co Kirtd. Uk divk `ugat iof wk wgaa `ugaf tkmdocacegks tdit wgaa koi`ak us tc ksmipk nrcb Kirtd. Uk biy `ugaf tkmdocacegks tdit wgaa koi`ak agnk co Kirtd tc nacurgsd ncr `gaagcos cn ykirs‖tdkrk‗s oc rkisco wdy gt mio‗t‖`ut wk divk tc ekt strigedt i`cut tdit. Udit wk stgaa aiml‖iof tdgs gs i airek pirt cn tdk aksscos tdit psymdkfkagms irk trygoe tc tkimd us‖gs wk divk tc macsk tdgs eip `ktwkko cur makvkrokss iof cur aiml cn wgsfcb. Is i spkmgks wk‗rk kxtrkbkay makvkr, `ut wk‗rk oct i vkry wgsk spkmgks iof tdit‗s tdk nitia fgsjuomt nrcb wdgmd psymdkfkagms mio dkia us. Vdit gs wdit G tdgol tdk paiot tkimdkrs, wgtd tdkgr prcagnkritgco co tdk eac`ia stiek, irk trygoe tc tkaa us. Vdk kovgrcobkotia mrgsgs co tdk paiokt gs `kmcbgoe bcrk iof bcrk fgrk‖pkcpak irk tialgoe i`cut dcw wk divk ngnty ykirs aknt,agnk‖sc biy`k wk‗f cok duofrkf ykirs aknt, `kncrk Kirtd gs octbiy`k dcspgti`ak tcwirf `kttkr ekt mrimlgoe. Iof G tdgol psymdkfkagms iof tkimdkr paiots irk ekttgoe i agttak fkspkritk iof tdit‗s wdy ycu skk iyiduismi prcagnkritgoe kvkrywdkrk iacoe wgtd tdgs mcosmgcusokss cn tdk gbpcrtiomk cn tdksk tdgoes. ]c wdit fcks bctdkr wiot3 Udit fcks cur Eigio bctdkr wdc‗s spiwokf us, iof iaa agnk co Kirtd, wiot3 Ukaa, tdk ioswkr‗s iaa ircuof ycu gn ycu accl it agnk. Udit fcks agnk fc3 Gt ercws, gt prcagnkritks, gt aglks tc sprkif ircuof, gt ocurgsdks, gt ourturks. Uk accl it kvcautgco iof wk skk tdit ioy mcomkgvi`ak ogmdk tdit mio `k mcacogzkf `y agnk gs ngaakf wgtd agnk. Gt wiots tc sprkif. Vdgs gs wdit gt fcks. Iof wdy sdcuaf gt rkbigo mcongokf tc Kirtd3 Vdkrk‗s io kotgrk uogvkrsk cut tdkrk ncr gt tc sprkif gotc, iof G tdgol tdit‗s agnk‗s acoe-tkrb stritkey. Eigi go scbk ekstiat wgsfcb rkiagzks tdgs: oc bittkr wdktdkr wk sivk tdk paiokt go tdk okxt mkotury cr oct, sccokr cr aitkr tdgs kmcsystkb gs ecgoe tc mcbk tc io kof< iof wk okkf tc fkvgsk io ksmipk ditmd iof ekt cut cn dkrk sccokr cr aitkr. Eigi‗s govkotkf us tc fc tdit, gt dis govkotkf tdgs gomrkfg`ay fioekrcus tcca. I tcca tdit prcpkray

Gs FBV i Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Kxtritkrrkstrgia Mgvgagzitgco3

>9

ippagkf mio imtuiaay fc tdgs. G tdgol tdit‗s wdit gt dis fcok, iof G tdgol tdit‗s wdit FBV iof tdksk ctdkr psymdkfkagms irk tkaagoe us‖tdit‗s tdk bkssiek. Ngrst tdgoe, wk okkf tc wilk up tc tdk mrgsgs tdit wk‗rk nimgoe. FBV sdcws us tdk nuturk‖tdit‗s wdy gt‗s sc iagko iof smgkomk ngmtgco-aglk‖gt sdcws us wdkrk wk‗rk ecgoe tc `k go i mkotury, go ngvk duofrkf ykirs, go cok tdcusiof ykirs, go tko tdcusiof ykirs. Iof G mio‗t `kagkvk tdit gn cur spkmgks survgvks wk‗rk ecgoe tc `k mcongokf tc Kirtd cr kvko tdk okir scair systkb. Cur fkstgoy gs go tdk stirs< tdgs gs wdkrk wk‗rk dkifkf, iof go sc fcgoe wk irk nuangaagoe tdk fkstgoy tdit agnk gotkofkf ncr gtskan. ]c gn wk irk sbirt kocued tc tilk tdksk aksscos‖wdit tdk paiot tkimdkrs divk `kko trygoe tc tkimd us ncr ;88,888 ykirs cr bcrk aglkay bumd, bumd, acoekr tdio tdit‖tdko wk wgaa triosncrb iaa cn agnk co Kirtd, iof wk wgaa mkrtigoay triosncrb curskavks. Uk biy `k dubio ocw, `ut comk wk akivk tdk okst wk wgaa `y okmkssgty divk tc `kmcbk scbktdgoe bumd Go nimt wk wgaa divk wdit wk divk iawiysbcrk `kko,tdio `ut dubio. wk divko‗t locwo< iof tdittcgsrkfgsmcvkr gongogtk, uo`cuofkf, iof gbbcrtia. Vdiol ycu. FG]M[]]GCO CN

Gs FBV i Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Kxtritkrrkstrgia Mgvgagzitgco3

F

: Niotistgm. Vdit subs gt up, G nkka aglk wk mio iaa ec dcbk

A

ocw. F A

B L

: G fco‗t tdgol sc.

: Ukaa aumlgay wk fc divk scbk tgbk ncr fgsmussgco `ut coay i`cut

tko bgoutks cr sc. I`scautkay nismgoitgoe. ]c iaa cn tdk prkmurscrs‖G‗b oct i mdkbgst‖iaa cn tdk kozybk imtgvgty ecks rgedt `iml gotc tdk Irmdiki, ecks rgedt `iml gotc tdk kiragkst crgegos cn agnk3 E

D

:

>0

Vdk Crgegos, Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

B L

: Wks, ksskotgiaay. G‗b mkrtigoay oct i pdyacekogst, `ut G

acclkf it tdk fiti. Pkskirmdkrs irk i`ak tc mdirimtkrgzk tdk ekocbks go tdksk vkry iomgkot strigos cn `imtkrgi tdit irk vkry macsk tc tdk A[MI‖ tdk Aist [ogvkrsia Mcbbco Iomkstcr‖iof tdk bimdgokry gs tdkrk. FBV wis ircuof duofrkfs cn bgaagcos, iof kvko `gaagcos cn ykirs `kncrk wk kvkr ect ircuof. D

: ]c tdit rigsks tdk qukstgco.cn bctdkr oiturk spkilgoe

tc tdgs prc`akbitgm spkmgks, `kmiusk gt gbpagks tdit bctdkr oiturk wis iwirk tdit tdk prc`akbitgm spkmgks wcuaf kvkotuiaay kbkrek< tdkrkncrk sdk aigf go paimk tdk bkmdiogsbs tc spkil tc tdit spkmgks rgedt it tdk crgegos cn agnk3 B L

: Oc, oct okmkssirgay. Oiturk gs vkry tiakotkf it tilgoe usk-

nua bcakmuaks aglk FBV, cr tdk gofcaks, cr tdksk lgofs cn bcakmuaks iof rkpurpcsgoe tdkb. Wcu skk tdgs ieigo iof ieigo go mdkbgmia kvcautgco, wdkrk tdksk skmcofiry tdit bgedt rkpkaakot ncr cok spkmgkscok gs icnsyb`gctgm bcakmuakprcfumts ncr ioctdkr spkmgks,`kcri io ittrimtiot. ]c tdksk skmcofiry mcbpcuofs tdit oiturk usks tc mcbbuogmitk divk buatgpak purpcsks. FBV wis ircuof i `gaagco ykirs iec, ncur `gaagco ykirs iec, cr wdkokvkr< gt wis ircuof, iof gt prc`i`ay dif ctdkr nuomtgcos go tdk `gcspdkrk. @ut tdko wdko mcbpakx okrvcus systkbs `keio tc kbkrek, gt wis i diofy bcakmuak, gt wis tdkrk, iof gt wis ksskotgiaay rkpurpcskf. Oct okmkssirgay tdit gt acst gts ctdkr nuomtgcos, `ut gt wis rcpkf go ncr tdit okw purpcsk, `kmiusk tdksk creiogsbs irk ippkirgoe, tdky‗rk vkry gotkrkstgoe, tdky divk iaa tdgs scrt cn pctkomy, iof tdkgr kvcautgco mcuaf ec go bioy fgrkmtgcos. Uk okkf, cr Eigi okkfs, i wiy tc fgrkmt tdit prcmkss cn okuria kvcautgco sc tdit gt fckso‗t ec cnn triml. Iof gt‗s i fgmky eibk‖G bkio gt dis vkry okiray ecok cnn triml, iof, wkaa, gt‗s oct tcc aitk, `ut G accl it gt iof G fco‗t locw. Bioy pkcpak prc`i`ay divk tdk sibk nkkagoe tdit wk‗rk go lgof cn i rimk iof wdit gs ecgoe tc wgo cut3 Gs gt ecgoe tc `k tdk fkstrumtgvk‖ksskotgiaay cur bgsuofkrstiofgoe cn cur rkaitgcosdgp wgtd oiturk‖cr irk wk ecgoe tc wilk up

Gs FBV i Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Kxtritkrrkstrgia Mgvgagzitgco3

>=

iof uofkrstiof tdit ngrst cn iaa wk‗rk i pirt cn oiturk iof tdit wk‗rk oct ruoogoe tdk sdcw, imtuiaay tdk paiots irk ruoogoe tdk sdcw. Vdgs gs wdit iyiduismi iawiys tkaas bk wdko G tilk gt. Gt siys, ‑Pkbkb`kr tdit ycu bcolkys irk oct ruoogoe tdgoes.‒ Iof iasc, rkbkb`kr tdit ycu fco‗t locw ioytdgoe. Vdit‗s tdk ctdkr tdgoe: tdkrk‗s oc paimk ncr irrceiomk go dubio kvcautgco. Uk sdcuaf `k dub`akf `y tdk gotkaagekomk cn oiturk, iof wk sdcuaf akiro tc trkit oiturk `kttkr. Gt‗s cur bctdkr intkr iaa< ycu sdcuaf `k eccf tc ycur bctdkr. Dcpknuaay wk‗aa akiro tdit akssco iof sc tdit‗s tdk tdgoe: [otga tdkrk‗s i eac`ia sdgnt go mcosmgcusokss‖iof G tdgol tdit‗s wdit tdk paiot tkimdkrs irk trygoe tc fc, tdit gs tc wilk us up‖iaa tdk ctdkr tdgoes tdit wk bgedt fc tc sivk cur okmls, wk‗rk oct ecgoe tc fc. Vdkrk‗s sc bumd rksgstiomk tc tdk vkry gfki tdit tdkrk kvko gs sumd i tdgoe is magbitk mdioek. G tdgol tdit wk mio put i eccf fkia cn `aibk co tdk Jufkc-Mdrgstgio trifgtgco, wdgmd ncr it akist twc tdcusiof ykirs ncstkrkf tditkxpacgt. wk cwo oiturk, oct pirt cn gt, dis gt‗s just tdkrktdk ncrgfki us tc Iof wk‗rktdit `usywk‗rk kxpacgtgoe gt, iof wk‗rk `usy fkstrcygoe gt. ]c, wk divk tc tilk i bcrk ourturgoe ittgtufk iof rkiagzk tdit wk divk tc `cw tc cur bctdkr iof siy yks, wk‗aa c`ky cur bctdkr iof agstko tc wdit sdk gs tkaagoe us wk okkf tc fc tdrcued tdksk tkimdkr paiots. Vdksk paiots divk rksgfkf go tdk biregos cn dubio scmgkty, go tdksk gofgekocus muaturks< `ut ocw, iyiduismi iof ctdkr tkimdgoe paiots divk tilko mkotkr stiek. Vdky‗vk pgmlkf up i bkeipdcok, iof tdky‗rk siygoe, ‑Dky bcolkys! Uilk up!‒ Iof tdky‗rk ekttgoe i `gt strgfkot i`cut gt, wgtd eccf rkisco. ]c tdit‗s lgof cn wdit G tdgol gs ecgoe co. K

N

: Co tdk ctdkr diof, oiturk gs locwo ncr skkfgoe scbk-

tdgoe tdit dis oc usk uotga biy`k ikcos aitkr< ncr kxibpak, tdk ekok cn aioeuiek mio `k ncuof go rcfkots, just uokxprksskf. Cr Ibizcogio trg`ks, tdky divk okvkr skko irmdgtkmturk, `ut tdky divk tdk gfki cn irmdgtkmturk . . . B L

: Vdky divk tdk gfki cn irmdgtkmturk, rgedt.

>6

Vdk Crgegos , Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muatur k cn FBV

N

: ]c ncr bk gt ippkirs tdit scbktdgoe gs skkfkf, ncr kxibpak

tdk ekok cn aioeuiek. Wcu fco‗t divk kocued mcrtkx, sc oiturk wigts uotga kocued mcrtgmia biotak ercws, iof tdko tdk ekok kxprkssks. Iof tdk gfki cn irmdgtkmturk‖ycu fco‗t divk tdk stritgngkf scmgkty tc `ugaf pyribgfs‖gt wis just uokxprksskf. Biy`k iyiduismi dkaps kxprkssgoe . . . B L

: ]c biy`k tdgs gs wdit dippkos: tdk tkimdkr paiots koi`ak

us. Go scbk skosk tdky‗rk tdk vgsuiagzitgco tcca tdit akts us skk tdk nuturk iof tdk vgsgco cn tdk nuturk‖irmdgtkmturk, tkmdocacey, bimdgokry, iaa cn tdksk tdgoes tdit mcbk up‖tdky irk go scbk skosk prk-kxgstgoe go tdk ekocbk. Vdky wcuaf divk tc `k go i mkrtigo skosk. Vdgs mcbpuasgco tc mdioek tdgoes, tc mrkitk tkmdocacegks, tc govkot tdgoes . . . iaa wkrk skkfkf go tdk ekocbk. Vdit‗s tdk ctdkr tdgoe: G‗b oct surk wdkrk iaa tdgs ngts go, `ut wk mkrtigoay wcuafo‗t `k is fioekrcus gn wk fgfo‗t divk diofs, G bkio tdit‗s i `ge pirt cn wdit bilks us fioekrcus. G‗b surk wdiaks irk qugtk gotkaagekot iof fcapdgos irk qugtk gotkaagekot, `ut tdky fco‗t divk diofs sc tdky fco‗t divk tdk i`gagty tc gbpimt tdkgr kovgrcobkot tdk wiy wk fc. Ncr scbk rkisco, wk mio‗t stcp bumlgoe wgtd tdgoes. Vdit‗s just `ugat go tc us, iof sc tdksk tkimdkr paiots irk tkimdgoe us tdk slgaa cn dcw tc usk cur gbiegoitgco, cur ioiaytgmia i`gagtgks, iof cur diofs go i wiy tdit gs mcofumgvk tc agnk iof ourturgoe tc agnk ritdkr tdio fkstrumtgvk tc agnk. Wkt wk‗vk ect tdgs muaturia wcuof dippkogoe, tdgs fkausgco tdit scbkdcw wk ruak oiturk. Uk divk tc ekt cvkr tdit G tdgol. @

M

: G‗b just vkry gotrgeukf `y tdgs qukstgco is tc wdktdkr

tdk KV \kxtritkrrkstrgiaR kakbkot gs go tdk pist cr tdk nuturk. Wcu stirtkf cnn mcosgfkrgoe tdk pcssg`gagty tdit imtuiaay gt prkmkfkf dubios `ut tdko scrt cn rkjkmtkf tdit iof kofkf up wgtd tdgs nismgoitgoe gfki tdit gt imtuiaay gs tdk iotgmgpitgco cn cur `kmcbgoe tdk nuturk KVs `kmiusk tdit‗s tdk wiy tc kxpiof. G ncuof tdit tc `k io gotrgeugoe gfki. B L

: Vdit‗s wdit G‗b siygoe. Biy`k tdk kirtday ekocbk wis

Gs FBV i Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Kxtritkrrkstrgia Mgvgagzitgco3

>;

skkfkf gotc tdk paiokt iof tdit gs tdk crgego cn agnk. @ut ycu fco‗t divk tc pcstuaitk tdit, `kmiusk G tdgol wk locw kocued i`cut prk`gctgm kvcautgco iof sc co tdit wk locw gn tdk mcofgtgcos irk rgedt, tdko gt‗s ecgoe tc dippko. G fco‗t tdgol agnk gs i rirk tdgoe go tdk uogvkrsk. G tdgol egvko tdk rgedt mcofgtgcos gt‗s io kbkrekot prcpkrty cn agnk iof cn mdkbgmia mcbpakxgty‖just aglk mcosmgcusokss gs io kbkrekot prcpkrty cn mcbpakx `gcacegmia systkbs. ]c biy`k gt‗s truk it tdk `kegoogoe iof it tdk kof< tdit‗s i ogmk gfki: tdk KVs mcbk iacoe iof skkf tdk paiokt, iof tdko tdk paiokt egvks rgsk tc i spkmgks tdit `kmcbks tdk okxt ekokritgco cn KVs. G fco‗t locw. Pupkrt, wdit fc ycu siy3 P

]

: G divko‗t tdcuedt vkry bumd i`cut KVs, G divk

tc ifbgt. G bkio by bigo gotkrkst go wdit ycu wkrk siygoe wis tdk gfki tdit FBV gs kvkrywdkrk. Gt skkbs tc bk uoaglkay wk‗rk tdk coay iogbia spkmgks tc divk fgsmcvkrkf psgacmy`k busdrccbs, sc G‗b rkiaay gotkrkstkf go dcw ctdkr iogbia spkmgks usk psymdkfkagms iof wdit knnkmts tdky divk co tdkb. G locw tdky fc divk knnkmts, `kmiusk by smgkotgngm mirkkr `keio it tdk iek cn skvkotkko wdko G wcrlkf ncr i buatgoitgcoia frue mcbpioy go tdkgr A]F rkskirmd ai`critcry, iof wk wkrk gojkmtgoe fiy-caf mdgmls wgtd A]F, acclgoe ncr A]F ioiaceuks. Vdgs wis i `gcissiy: tdk mdgmls wkrk put co i ti`ak wgtd i eaiss paitk co tdk ti`ak aglk tdgs, iof tdk coks wgtd A]F acclkf fcwo iof siw tdk frcp iof mirrgkf strigedt co, `ut tdk ctdkrs turokf `iml. ]c tdk fgstcrtgcos cn dkgedt iof sc ncrtd c`vgcusay cmmur tc iogbias, sgomk tdkgr `rigos wcrl vkry aglk curs. ]c qukstgcos tdit gotrgeuk bk bcrk tdio tdk cok cn KVs irk wdit scrt cn trgps iogbia divgoe3 G bkioaglk gt‗stc vkry uoaglkay tdgoesirkirkctdkr mcongokf tcspkmgks us, tdcued wk bgedt tdgol tdit. tdit tdksk B L

: Cd yks, oc fcu`t, tdkrk‗s acts cn gostiomks wdkrk iogbias

usk psymdcimtgvk frues. Vdk tdgoe tdit‗s gotkrkstgoe i`cut tdk skrctcokregm frues‖tdk diaaumgocekos‖gs tdit tdky irko‗t iffgmtgoe. Vdkrk irk pakoty cn iogbia bcfkas sdcwgoe tdit gn ycu egvk io iogbia i mdcgmk tc tilk witkr wgtd mcmigok cr bcrpdgok, tdky wgaa ec `iml iof `iml tc gt, `kmiusk tdky aglk gt iof gt‗s i rkgoncrmgoe di`gt‖tdky ekt iffgmtkf.

>>

Vdk Crgegos , Kvcautgco, iof Ksctkrgm Muaturk cn FBV

@ut tdk skrctcokregms fco‗t rkiaay rkgoncrmk tdk fksgrk tc rkpkit tdk kxpkrgkomk. Go nimt is wk locw nrcb dubio kxpkrgkomk, ycu lgof cn divk tc smrkw up ycur mcuriek tc lkkp ecgoe `iml iof `iml tc tdksk tdgoes. G bkio gt‗s nismgoitgoe, `ut ycu locw gt fckso‗t stgbuaitk tdk pakisurk mgrmugts sc bumd. G fco‗t locw wdit gt stgbuaitks‖miaa gt tdk murgcsgty mgrmugts. Bioy pkcpak go tdgs rccb irk qugtk kxpkrgkomkf wgtd iyiduismi iof divk tilko gt duofrkfs gn oct tdcusiofs cn tgbks. Kimd tgbk ycu lgof cn divk tc ekt ycur mcuriek up‖ycu‗vk ect `uttkrnagks go tdk stcbimd, ycu fco‗t wiot tc fc gt, iof gt tistks tkrrg`ak, iof ykt ycu iawiys kof up ecgoe `iml tc tdk ti`ak. Udy gs tdgs3 Gs gt murgcsgty tdit cvkrwdkabs tdk fgsmcbncrt tdit ycu locw ycu‗rk ecgoe tc divk, kgtdkr pdysgmia cr psymdcacegmia cr `ctd3 G fco‗t locw. Murgcsgty gs i strcoe bctgvitcr. Iof G eukss tdit‗s wdit gt gs. F

A

: G tdgol tdit‗s pirt cn tdk rkisco wdy wk‗rk iaa dkrk gso‗t

gt3 Uk iaa divk tdgs vkry strcoe murgcsgty frgvk, iof wk‗vk mcbk tc ngof cut‖gt‗s tdk qukst ncr trutd. [oncrtuoitkay, wk‗rk ecgoe tc divk i `rkil tc just rknrksd cur bgofs. B L A

: G ipcacegzk ncr tilgoe tcc acoe. : Oc tdit wis wcofkrnua. Vdiol ycu vkry bumd, Fkoogs.

FI W V UC ▨ ▨ ▨ ▨ ▨

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

D

cw fc wk locw wdit wk locw i`cut FBV3 Nrcb wdit pkrspkmtgvk irk wk tdgolgoe3 Udit nribkwcrls mio wk usk tc tdgol i`cut tdgs bystkrgcus kotdkceko3 Go tdk akmturks tdit ncaacw, wk‗aa eigo gosgedts gotc tdgolgoe i`cut FBV kotgtgks vgi wkstkro pdgacscpdy, rkagegcus stufgks, `gcpdysgms, iof nrcb tdk vgkwpcgot cn Ibizcogio gofgekoks, ngatkrkf tdrcued io iotdrcpcacegst‗s akos. Wcu‗aa dkir nrcb tdk iotdrcpcacegst Jkrkby Oir`y, i spkmgiagst go Ibizcogio gofgekocus paiot locwakfek wdc gotrcfumkf tdk wcraf tc tdk sdibiogm wcrafvgkw cn tdk Isdgogoli pkcpak. Vdk pdgacscpdkr iof mcbputkr smgkotgst Xktkr Bkykr, wdc wis tdk ngrst pkrsco tc systkbgmiaay stufy tdk FBV kotgty pdkocbkoi, wgaa egvk i pdgacscpdgmia pkrspkmtgvk co FBV komcuotkr kxpkrgkomks nrcb tdk Ukstkro vgkwpcgot. Krgl Fivgs, i jcuroiagst, smdcair iof mcoocgsskur cn wkgrf muaturia, mcuotkr muaturia, iof muat pdkocbkoi egvks us i vgkw co FBV kotgtgks nrcb rkagegcus stufgks. Ngoiaay, Kfk Nrkmsli, psymdgitrgst iof pdirbimcacegst, iof kvkr murgcus i`cut tdk gotkaagekomk cn iaa tdgoes, rcuofs cut cur akmturks ncr tdgs fiy `y nusgoe `gcpdysgms, psymdgitry, iof ksctkrgm gosgedt gotc gotugtgvk bcfks cn tdgolgoe. Ukivgoe tdksk tials tcektdkr ycu‗aa fgsmcvkr tdit tdkrk gs oc bcocpcay co trutd. Vdgs gotkrskmtgco cn fgsmgpagoks sueeksts bioy wiys tc gotkrprkt tdk FBV uogvkrsk, `ut tdk uatgbitk sueekstgco, pkrdips, gs tdit uofkrstiofgoe wdkrk cok ioctdkr irk mcbgoe nrcb bgedt `k tdk coay wiy tc uofkrstiof tdgs bystkrgcus rkiab . . .

MDIXVKP =

Ibizcogio Xkrspkmtgvks co Govgsg`ak Kotgtgks J KPKBW OIP@W

Wkstkrfiy Fkoogs tialkf i`cut bioy gotkrkstgoe tdgoes. G aglk tc qug``ak. G tdgol tdit fgiaceuk iof kxmdioegoe pcgots cn vgkw gs tdk wiy tc ec. Cok cn tdk tdgoes ycu sigf ykstkrfiy tdit G wcuaf qug``ak wgtd gs tdit FBV gs cntko gofkpkofkot cn muaturia mcotkxt. G locw wdit ycu bkio wdko ycu siy tdit: gt bkios tdit pkcpak nrcb fgnnkrkot muaturks wdc irk oigvk iof uogoncrbkf i`cut tdk kxpkrgkomk rkpcrt vkry sgbgair kxpkrgkomks, sc tdkrkncrk wk tdgol gt‗s gofkpkofkot cn muaturia mcotkxt. Ukaa, yks iof oc. Udit G‗b ecgoe tc siy tcfiy gs wdy muaturk bittkrs. Vdkrk irk muaturks go tdk Ibizco wdkrk pkcpak divk `kko tilgoe paiots, kxtrimts, cr sounns tdit mcotigo FBV ncr ekokritgcos. ]c tdky‗vk immubuaitkf locwakfek i`cut dcw tc fc gt iof i`cut tdk kotgtgks tdit tdky komcuotkr, iof tdgs locwakfek gs tdko immubuaitkf go tdkgr muaturk. ]urkay tdgs gs cok cn tdk tdgoes tdit fgstgoeugsdks dubios nrcb ctdkr spkmgks‖kvko tdcued cok sdcuaf `k suspgmgcus cn agsts cn tdgoes tdit fgstgoeugsd us nrcb ctdkr spkmgks. Okvkrtdkakss, wk irk tdk muaturia iogbias< wk irk tdk coks wdc immubuaitk locwakfek cutsgfk cn cur `gcacey, tdrcued cur muaturk. Gt‗s egvko us i trkbkofcus ifviotiek cvkr ctdkr spkmgks, `ut tdit wcuaf `k ioctdkr su`jkmt. >7

58

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

Iotdrcpcacegsts iawiys ireuk tdit muaturk gs gbpcrtiot. Gt‗s aglk tdk wiy smgkotgsts iawiys mcomaufk tdit bcrk rkskirmd gs okkfkf, `kmiusk bcrk rkskirmd gs iawiys okkfkf. Gt‗s iabcst i tiutcacey, `ut gt rkbigos, akt‗s siy, i usknua tiutcacey. ‑Muaturk bittkrs‒ gs i usknua tiutcacey. @kncrk fksmrg`goe wdit G tdgol dis `kko ksti`agsdkf i`cut wdit Ibizcogio pkcpak tdgol i`cut govgsg`ak kotgtgks, G‗f just aglk tc pcsgtgco byskan is io c`skrvkr, iof is io ieocstgm. Iof G‗f aglk tc siy wdit tdit bkios: Gt bkios tdit G locw tdit G fco‗t locw i`cut ngoia miusks. Vdgs gs oct gofgnnkrkomk. Uk tialkf i`cut tdgs wgtd Fivgf \AulkR ykstkrfiy. ]cbktgbks wdko pkcpak tial tdky siy, ‑G‗b ieocstgm co tdit,‒ iof gt lgof cn bkios, ‑G fco‗t wiot tc locw i`cut gt.‒ Oc, ieocstgmgsb‖tdk wiy tdit G vgkw ieocstgm rkskirmd‖fckso‗t bkio tdit ycu‗rk gofgnnkrkot tc scbktdgoe cr kvko tdit ycu egvk up wiotgoe tc locw iof tdrcw go tdk spcoek. Gt gs tdit ycu ekt mcbncrti`ak wgtd tdk uolocwo, iof ycu nkka cliy i`cut ]c yks, tdkrk‗s cn bystkry< wk‗rk tdk spcoek, `ut gt. wk‗rk sgttgoe tdkrki act mcbncrti`ay wgtd gt. oct tdrcwgoe go Udit‗s wrcoe wgtd tdk uolocwo3 Gt‗s oct cur kokby, wk mio wiot tc locw gt, iof wk mio eigo locwakfek. @ut is wk locw, tdk bcrk wk locw tdk bcrk qukstgcos tdit irgsk tcc. G tdgol tdit tdk ieocstgm pcsgtgco, it akist wdko gt mcbks tc locwakfek, gs tdk mcbncrti`ak iof cpko-bgofkf wiy cn ecgoe i`cut tdgoes. Ibizcogio pkcpak divk tdk pkrspkmtgvks tdky divk, iof G vgkw by jc`‖ekttgoe up dkrk‖is rkpcrtgoe co iof sdirgoe tdkgr pcgots cn vgkw. G fco‗t tdgol ioy`cfy dis i bcocpcay co trutd iof kspkmgiaay oct go tdksk fcbigos. ]c G‗f `k dippy gn ycu‗f aglk tc gotkrrupt bk it ioy pcgot gn tdkrk gs scbktdgoe tdit G siy tdit gso‗t makir. G irrgvkf go tdk Xkruvgio Ibizco tc fc ngkafwcrl go 9746, iof tdk ngkafwcrl tdit G wis igbgoe tc fc wis pcagtgmia iof kmcocbgm. Gt govcavkf i sgtuitgco wdkrk tdk Ucraf @iol wis nuofgoe i rcif gotc io irki tdit `kacoekf tc gofgekocus pkcpak, go tdgs misk Isdéogoli pkcpak. Vdk gfki `iml tdko wis tdit tdksk gofgekocus pkcpak fgfo‗t locw dcw tc usk rkscurmks ritgcoiaay, iof mcongsmitgoe tdkgr tkrrgtcrgks wis

Ibizcogio Xkrspkmtgvks co Govgsg`ak Kotgtgk s

59

kmcocbgmiaay justgngkf. Vdky wcuaf tilk iwiy tdkgr aiofs iof put go gofgvgfuias wgtd i birlkt bkotiagty. Vdky wcuaf mut fcwo tdk trkks iof skt up mittak riomdks. Vdgs wis miaakf fkvkacpbkot, wdkrkis gt wis go nimt tkrrgtcrgia mcongsmitgco iof fkncrkstitgco. Vdk pcgot cn by wcrl wis tc fcmubkot dcw gofgekocus pkcpak uskf tdkgr rkscurmks iof tdcuedt i`cut tdkb‖tc sdcw tdit tdky uskf tdkb ritgcoiaay iof tdkrkncrk fkskrvkf tdk rgedt tc cwo tdkgr aiofs. ]c tdgs wis pcagtgmiaay crgkotkf iotdrcpcacegmia rkskirmd. Gt wis oct bystgmia‖G wis oct govkstgeitgoe sdibiogsb. G wis trygoe tc fkbcostritk tdit tdksk pkcpak wkrk ritgcoia ritdkr tdio ioytdgoe kask. Vdk Isdéogoli dif i fgnnkrkot pcgot cn vgkw. Wks, tdky lokw bioy paiots iof iogbias go tdk ncrkst. Go nimt tdky dif oibks ncr i`cut dian tdk spkmgks go tdk ncrkst, wdgmd gs rkbirli`ak egvko tdit tdgs gs tdk kpgmkotkr cn wcraf `gcfgvkrsgty. Udit tdky sigf wis tdit paiots iof iogbias wkrk iogbitkf `y kotgtgks tdit tdky miaakf bctdkrs, cr nitdkrs, cr cwokrs tdksk kotgtgks wkrk ocrbiaay govgsg`ak `ut ycucrmcuaf skk tdkbiof ioftdit mcbbuogmitk wgtd tdkb `y frgolgoe iyiduismi kitgoe tc`immc pistk. Ocw just i wcrf i`cut tc`immc: tdgs gs oct tdk tc`immc cn gofustrgia mgeirkttks, tdgs gs tdk crgegoia paiot tdit mcbks nrcb tdk Ibizco, Ogmctgioi rustgmi. Gt mcotigos kgedtkko tgbks bcrk ogmctgok tdio tdk dy`rgf `acofk tc`immc, iof gt dis ocok cn tdk mdkbgmia iffgtgvks. Vdksk pkcpak irk bilgoe, ncr kxibpak, ib`ga cr ibpgrg, wdgmd gs i mcomkotritkf jib. Vdky `cga gt fcwo tc i lgof cn stgmly pistk, iof tdky‗rk ksskotgiaay tilgoe diaaumgocekogm fcsks cn ogmctgok. Gt gs i diaaumgocekogm paiot‖G bust fgsierkk tdit ;-DV 0I rkmkptcrs bilk tdk truk diaaumgoceko, `ut wk mio tial i`cut tdit . . . F

B L

: ‑Vruk psymdkfkagms‒ gs i bifk up mitkecry go

i skosk, `ut gt gs `iskf co pdirbimcacey. ]c gt‗s oct tdit tc`immc cr i act cn tdksk ctdkr tdgoes mio‗t `k diaaumgocekogm, tdky‗rk just oct ‑truk psymdkfkagms.‒ Vdit‗s i pdirbimcacegmia stitkbkot, iaa fuk rkspkmt tc tc`immc, siavgi, iof iaa tdksk tdgoes tdit irk oct truk psymdkfkagms. O

: Dcw i`cut ‑psymdkfkagm3‒ Uk mcuaf iasc uopiml tdit wcrf . . .

50

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

B L O

: Uk mcuaf uopiml tdit wcrf iaa fiy! : Vdiol ycu! Gt‗s truk. @ut go tkrbs cn ‑sdibiogm,‒ gn ycu‗rk

io Isdéogoli pkrsco tdk wcrf ncr sdibio gs sdkrgpgérg. ]dkrg bkios tc`immc. ‑Xkrsco wdc tilks tc`immc‒ gs tdk fcmtcr, tdk ‑cok wdc locws,‒ wdit wk miaa tdk ‑sdibio.‒ @kncrk iyiduismi, tc`immc gs tdk paiot ycu wcrl wgtd,gtiof govgsg`ak kotgtgks nkkf cotdit tc`immc. nccf ncr tdkb, egvkstdksk tdkb ngrk. Vdgs gs i octgco mcbksVc`immc up go iaags tdk iyiduismi-frgol goe gofgekocus muaturks. Vdksk Isdéogoli pkcpak‖comk G ect cvkr by gogtgia fcu`ts i`cut wdit tdky bgedt `k tialgoe i`cut, `kmiusk tdk pcgot wis tc try tc uofkrstiof wdit tdky tdcuedt‖tialkf i`cut govgsg`ak kotgtgks, bctdkrs, nitdkrs, iof cwokrs. ‑Go ycur aioeuiek wdit fc ycu miaa tdkb3‒ G islkf. ‑Biogolirg.‒ ‑]c wdit fcks biogolirg bkio3‒ ‑Gt bkios tdcsk wdc irk dgffko.‒ Cliy. Vdky irk `y fkngogtgco govgsg`ak, tdit‗s wdit tdkgr oibk gs, ‑tdcsk wdc irk dgffko.‒ @ut ycu mio skk tdkb gn ycu frgol iyiduismi cr kit tc`immc pistk mcotgoucusay, tdit‗s tdk gfki. Vdk sdkrgpgérg cr tdk iyiduisqukrc kotkrtigos i rkaitgcosdgp wgtd tdcsk wdc irk dgffko, tdrcued mcotgouia goekstgco cn iyiduismi iof tc`immc. Ukaa tdky iasc miaa tdksk kotgtgks Isdéogoli, wdgmd gs tdkgr wcrf ncr tdkbskavks. Vdky siy, ‑tdksk biogolirg tdky irk bkb`krs cn cur trg`k, Isdéogoli. Iof egvko tdit tdkrk irk biogolirg iogbitgoe paiots iof iogbias, gosgfk iof iogbias, tdkUdgtk paiotsdkrco iof iogbias irk iasc Isdéogoli iof paiots iasc bkb`krs cn curtdko trg`k. gs io Isdéogoli. ]biaa `grfs irk cur bioy `rctdkrs, biogcm paiots irk cur sgstkrs. Vdk biogolirg ksti`agsd tdk lgosdgp tdit wk divk wgtd iaa tdk ctdkr spkmgks.‒ Vdkrk gs scbk fgnngmuaty go uofkrstiofgoe Ibizcogio mcomkpts wgtd Kurcpkio wcrfs. Iotdrcpcacegsts divk tkofkf tc miaa kotgtgks sumd is tdk biogolirg ‑spgrgts,‒ `ut tdgs wcrf mcbks nrcb tdk Aitgo spgrgtus bkiogoe ‑`rkitd‒ go rknkrkomk tc tdk `rkitd cn Ecf tdit suppcskfay skt

Ibizcogio Xkrspkmtgvks co Govgsg`ak Kotgtgks

5=

us ipirt nrcb iaa ctdkr spkmgks, iof is sumd tdk wcrf gs bigoay fkngokf is io kotgrkay ocobitkrgia prgomgpak aglk `rkitd. Vdk Cxncrf Koeagsd fgmtgcoiry egvks tdk fkngogtgco cn spgrgt is tdk ocopdysgmia pirt cn tdk pkrsco tdit gs tdk skit cn mdirimtkr iof kbctgco. Vdk ocopdysgmia pirt cn tdk pkrsco. Vdk mcomkpt cn spgrgt mcotigos io cppcsgtgco `ktwkko tdk bitkrgia iof tdk ocobitkrgia. Biogolirg gt turos cut irk oct tdit ocobitkrgia. Vdky irk ksskotgia tc tdk creiogsbs tdit tdky iogbitk, iof wdko tdk biogolirg akivk tdk creiogsb gt fgks. Biogolirg irk tdk fgnnkrkomk `ktwkko agvgoe naksd iof bkit. Vdky‗rk pirt iof pirmka cn agvgoe creiogsbs. Udit fgstgoeugsdks tdkb gs oct tdkgr ocobitkrgiagty `ut tdkgr ocovgsg`gagty. Vdcsk wdc irk dgffko‖yks tdit mcomkpt mcotigos i fgmdctcby, `ut gt gs `ktwkko tdk vgsg`ak iof tdk govgsg`ak ritdkr tdio `ktwkko tdk bitkrgia iof tdk ocobitkrgia. ]c wdko ycu miaa biogolirg ‑spgrgts,‒ wdit ycu‗rk fcgoe gs prcjkmtgoe io cppcsgtgco `ktwkko tdk bitkrgia iof ocobitkrgia cotc tdkb tdit fckso‗t Vdk Kurcpkioiogbgst bcoctdkgstgm cn spgrgt fcks oct fc justgmkkxgst. tc tdk Ibizcogio mcomkptmcomkpt cn biogolirg. Ocr irk biogolirg fkgtgks. Vdk wcrf fkgty mcbks nrcb tdk Aitgo fkus, wdgmd gtskan gs fkrgvkf nrcb tdk Gofc-Kurcpkio rcct fkg, cr mkakstgia `kgoe. Vdk wcrf iasc rknkrs tc fgks, iof ‑fiy‒ rknkrs tc tdk `rgedtokss cn tdk sly‖‑fkgty‒ mcooctks tdk sly. Biogolirg iogbitk tkrrkstrgia creiogsbs iof pirts cn tdk aiofsmipk< tc miaa biogolirg fkgtgks gs tc bilk mkakstgia scbktdgoe tdit gs tkrrkstrgia. Ecgoe `iml iof ncrtd `ktwkko muaturks gs mcbpagmitkf. Gt‗s bcrk tdio i twc-stkp lgof cn tdgoe `kmiusk dkrk wk irk spkilgoe go Koeagsd i`cut Isdéogoli mcomkpts. Gt tilks niomy ncctwcrl, iof gt‗s gbpcrtiot tc `k mirknua wgtd kimd wcrf, wdgmd gs wdy G wkamcbk ycu tc qukstgco ioy wcrf G usk. G tdgol kvkry wcrf sdcuaf `k up ncr fgsmussgco, kspkmgiaay wdko wk ec `ktwkko muaturks. Gt turos cut tdit iaa Ibizcogio muaturks divk mcomkpts tdit fksmrg`k `kgoes ioiacecus tc tdk Isdéogoli‗s biogolirg ‖‑govgsg`ak `kgoes.‒ Cok mcbbcoiagty gs tdit tdksk pkcpak iaa rknkr tc bctdkrs tdit iogbitk paiots iof iogbias. Vdksk irk govgsg`ak kotgtgks, iof tdky mio rknkr tc

56

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

io gofgvgfuia paiot, cr tc i spkmgks is i wdcak, cr kvko tc i prctkmtcr cn i acmia kmcsystkb. Iof tdksk kotgtgks irk ocrbiaay govgsg`ak `ut wgtd ipprcprgitk locw-dcw‖usuiaay govcavgoe tdk goekstgco cn psymdcimtgvk paiots‖gt‗s pcssg`ak tc kotkr gotc mcbbuogmitgco wgtd tdksk kotgtgks iof tc akiro nrcb tdkb. Cok cn tdk tdgoes tdit G‗b ireugoe gs tdit tdkrk gs locwakfek iarkify ksti`agsdkf< tdgs gs oct spkmuaitgco, tdgs gs wdit dis `kko ksti`agsdkf `y iotdrcpcacegsts wdc divk `kko gotc tdksk muaturks iof spclko wgtd pkcpak ncr fkmifks iof tdko, ksskotgiaay, `rcuedt `iml tdkgr wcrfs. Udko G stirt spkmuaitgoe G‗aa akt ycu locw. G‗vk tcaf ycu i agttak `gt i`cut tdk pkcpak tdit G wcrlkf wgtd, `ut tdk nimt gs tdkrk irk bioy fgnnkrkot gofgekocus muaturks, bioy ctdkr iotdrcpcacegsts divk `kko tdkrk, iof bioy `ccls irk iarkify wrgttko. Gt wcuaf `k pcssg`ak imtuiaay tc tial iaa fiy i`cut gt, `ut dkrk G‗b ecgoe tc tilk just tdrkk bcrk cr akss rkmkot kxibpaks, kxibpaks tdit irk oct tdit wkaa locwo, iof accl it wdit tdky siy. Vdk ngrst govcavksiwiy tdk Wiocbibg pkcpak, wdc twc tdcusiof lgacbktkrs nrcb tdk Isdéogoli go agvk tdk bcrk irki cntdio @rizga iof ^kokzukai. Vdkrk gs i rkbirli`ak `ccl `y Wiocbibg sdibio Fivg Lcpkoiwi, wrgttko wgtd tdk dkap cn io iotdrcpcacegst oibkf @rumk Ia`krt. Gt‗s miaakf Vdk Niaagoe ]ly, iof gt rkiaay gs wcofkrnua. ]c tdgs gs oct kvko i `ccl `y io iotdrcpcacegst, gt‗s `y i Wiocbibg sdibio. Udit gs gotkrkstgoe gs tdit dk iasc tials i`cut wdgtk pkcpak. Gt‗s oct ‑dkrk irk wdgtk pkcpak tialgoe i`cut Ibizcogios,‒ dkrk gt‗s io Ibizcogio tialgoe i`cut wdgtk pkcpak. Vdk Wiocbibg miaa wdgtk pkcpak ‑tdk pkcpak cn tdk bkrmdiofgsk,‒ wdc irk c`sksskf wgtd tdkgr bkrmdiofgsk, iof wdc irk wgaagoe tc pcgsco tdk kirtd tc prcfumk agbgtakss quiotgtgks cn bkrmdiofgsk, ykt okvkr divk kocued cn gt. Bkiowdgak, Fivg Lcpkoiwi tkaas us i`cut tdk govgsg`ak xipgrg spgrgts iof egvks us fczkos cn pieks cn goncrbitgco i`cut tdkb. ]c wdit i`cut tdkb3 Ukaa ngrst cn iaa, tc skk tdkb ycu tilk yilcioi sounn. Vdgs gs ^grcai kacoeiti , tdk trkk, wdgmd dis i `irl. Vilk cnn tdk `irl iof smripk tdk rksgo, dkit gt up i agttak `gt, iof turo gt gotc tdgs sounn tdit ycu tdko `acw up ycur mcbpiogco‗s ocstrgas. G fco‗t locw gn ioy`cfy

Ibizcogio Xkrspkmtgvks co Govgsg`ak Kotgtgk s

5;

dkrk dis, `ut G byskan fco‗t divk tdk kxpkrgkomk cn ^grcai. G divko‗t dif tdk cppcrtuogty cn fcgoe gt, `ut G‗b oct surk tdit G‗f immkpt tdk cnnkr. Xkcpak wdc divk dif tdk kxpkrgkomk fksmrg`k gt is divgoe i sdcteuo stuml gotc cok‗s ocstrga iof tdko divgoe i nrgkof puaa tdk trgeekr, iof . . . F

B L

: Wcu wcuafo‗t wiot tc fc tdit.

O

: Udit fcks Fivg Lcpkoiwi tkaa us i`cut tdksk xipgrg spgrgts3 Vdky irk tdk truk mcrk cn agvgoe `kgoes, tdky iogbitk paiots iof iogbias. Vdk wcrf bkios scbktdgoe aglk ‑ksskomk‒ cr ‑agnk prgomgpak.‒ Udit mdirimtkrgzks tdksk `kgoes gs tdit tdky irk govgsg`ak iof gbbcrtia. Vdky irk govgsg`ak `kmiusk tdky irk tgoy, aglk spkmls, `ut wdko ycu ec go macsk iof ycu skk tdkb‖wgtd tdk yilcioi pcwfkr‖ycu mio skk tdit tdky irk aglk sbiaa dubios. Vdky iogbitk tdk ocodubio, `ut tdky irk tdkbskavks dubiocgf. Vdky irk oct tdit gomcrpcrkia, go tdit tdky divk tgoy `cfgks aglk dubios.

Vdk Vdgs xipgrggsspgrgts nkkf `kmiusk co yilcioi pcwfkr, `ut iasctc`immc aglk tc`immc. gotkrkstgoe tdk Wiocbibg fc tdky oct usk go tdkgr sdibiogm rgtuias, tdky usk gt ncr pakisurk, ykt tdky maigb tdit tdk govgsg`ak xipgrg spgrgts kojcy tc`immc iof nkkf co gt, iof tdgs gs i maigb tdit mcbks up tgbk iof ieigo imrcss tdk Ibizco. Udko ycu skk tdk xipgrg spgrgts tdky irrgvk fiomgoe iof sgoegoe. Vdky mio‗t oct sgoe. Vdkgr bkacfgks irk gongogtk iof wdit tdky `rgoe, ngrst iof ncrkbcst, gs locwakfek i`cut dkiagoe. Udit tdk sdibios fc gs put tdkbskavks go tdk prkskomk cn tdksk kotgtgks, agstko tc tdkgr scoes, iof akiro tdkb. Vdk wiy tc fc tdgs gs tc fgkt iof prkpirk tdk `cfy. ]c wdit wk wcuaf miaa ‑ecgoe gotc tdk FBV spimk‒ gs fgnngmuat, gt tilks prkpiritgco. Vdko tdk pcgot gs tc piy ittkotgco tc tdk bkacfgks iof tc akiro tdkb. Ioctdkr mdirimtkrgstgm cn tdksk xipgrg spgrgts gs tdit tdky irk vkry oubkrcus. Vdky irk vkry oubkrcus `kmiusk tdky fco‗t fgk, iof `kmiusk tdky irk is oubkrcus is tdk agvgoe `kgoes go tdk ncrkst. Just is tdkrk irk gooubkri`ak paiots iof gooubkri`ak iogbias, tdkrk irk gooubkri`ak xipgrg spgrgts. Bcst xipgrg rksgfk go tdk agvgoe `kgoes go tdk ncrkst, `ut scbk mcbk

5>

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

nrcb `kycof tdk sly. Oct iaa xipgrg spgrgts irk wkaa-bkiogoe< scbk irk fioekrcus, aglk tdk wirusgoirg goskmt spgrgts nrcb `kycof tdk sly wdc mcbk irbkf wgtd `aifks iof wkipcos. Go nimt bcst xipgrg spgrgts komcuotkrkf irk irbkf wgtd bktiaagm `aifks. Cok cn tdk gbpcrtiot mdirimtkrgstgms cn tdk xipgrg spgrgts, is tdk Wiocbibg skk tdkb, gs tdit tdky irk aubgocus: tdky irk govirgi`ay fksmrg`kf is sdgogoe, `agofgoe, cr rkspakofkot< tdkgr aubgocsgty gs cok cn tdkgr prgbiry mdirimtkrgstgms. ]c wk skk dkrk tdit wdit gs ocrbiaay govgsg`ak gs i`ocrbiaay aubgocus. Fivg Lcpkoiwi gs iasc ifibiot tdit tdksk xipgrg kotgtgks irk oct spgrgts. Dk siys, ‑ycu miaa tdkb spgrgts `ut tdky irk ctdkr.‒ G fco‗t tdgol dk‗s stufgkf tdk Aitgo ktybcacey cn tdk wcrf, `ut dk locws kocued tc locw tdit tdk wiy tdit dgs Ukstkro gotkracmutcrs usk tdk wcrf spgrgt go Xcrtueuksk gs oct kximtay wdit dk‗s tialgoe i`cut. @ut egvko tdit dk‗s io gotkrmuaturia iekot‖io Ibizcogio pkrsco wdc ocw mcbks iof spkils tc Ukstkrokrs i`cut tdkbskavks iof i`cut dgs cwo muaturk‖dk usks tdk wcrf tc qukstgcos spkil tc pkcpak `kmiusk dk locws tdit‗s wdit tdky uofkrstiof

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

B L

: Jkrkby, wdko ycu tilk iyiduismi wgtd tdk Isdéogoli, fc

ycu skk tdksk dgffko `kgoes tdit tdky skk3 O

: I nkw tgbks, iof gt‗s truk tdit wgtd tcç gt lgof cn turos up tdk

vgsuias, `ut G fco‗t rkmcbbkof tcç `y ioy bkios. B L

: Wks rgedt, `ut akt‗s akivk tcç cut cn gt. Vcç wgaa egvk ycu

kotgtgks G tdgol, `ut G eukss by qukstgco gs wdko ycu tilk tdk iyiduismi wgtd tdk Isdéogoli, fc ycu skk tdk Isdéogoli `riof cn kotgtgks3 Udko ycu tilk gt wgtd ioctdkr ercup cr wdko ycu tilk gt `y ycurskan, wdit lgof cn kotgtgks fc ycu skk3 O

: G divk dif tdk kxpkrgkomk tdit G fksmrg`kf go tdk ngrst mdiptkr cn

Vdk Mcsbgm ]krpkot< tdgs wis go 974;. Ukaa, gt wis i acoe tgbk iec tdit gt dippkokf. ]tgaa, G rkbkb`kr vgvgfay, tdgrty ykirs iec, skkgoe kocrbcus naucrksmkot skrpkots tdit stirtkf tkaagoe bk dcw sbiaa iof uogbpcrtiot G wis iof sc co. Iof yks tdgs wis i Ukatiosmdiuuoe-iatkrgoe kxpkrgkomk. Iasc, i tkrrgnygoe kxpkrgkomk, iof G tdgol tdit tdk fcsk it wdgmd G okkf tc tilk iyiduismi tc skk tdksk kotgtgks gs oct okmkssirgay i fcsk tdit G wiot tc divk, cr ec tdkrk, ieigo. ]c ycu locw gt‗s oct ‑`kko tdkrk fcok tdit,‒ gt‗s ‑`kko tdkrk, gt‗s rcued, gt‗s bgof `acwgoe,‒ iof dcw bioy tgbks fc ycu okkf ycur bgof `acwo3 ]c tdk iyiduismi kxpkrgkomks tdit G divk tkofkf tc ec ncr cvkr tdk ykirs, tc ioswkr ycur qukstgco, gs scrt cn acwkr fcsk. Iof G‗b acclgoe ncr gfkis, okw pcgots cn vgkw, iof goncrbitgco i`cut tdk pitd G‗b co< sc G‗b oct imtuiaay acclgoe ncr fkkp-witkr komcuotkrs wgtd pcwkrnua spgrgts tdit mut bk tc `gts iof sc ncrtd. @ut ycu locw gn ctdkr pkcpakdcw wiottctcektectdkrk. tdkrkIof tdit‗sscngok. G locw tdit tdit paimk kxgsts, iof G locw fc ctdkr pkcpak. A

: ]pkilgoe cn tdk Wibgoidui, G acvk tdk wiy tdky usk bktipdcr

tc tial i`cut cr tc tial wgtd tdksk `kgoes. Wcu skk i sgbgair tdgoe wgtd tdk Ugxirgli \tdk DugmdcaksR. Udko tdky skt cut co tdkgr pgaergbiek tdky mdioek tdk oibk cn kvkrytdgoe: iaa tdk ocuos ekt turokf co tdkgr dkifs, tdk rcif `kmcbks tdk sly, iof sc co. @ut by qukstgco gs: ycu sigf tdksk psymdkfkagmiaay komcuotkrkf `kgoes irk muaturiaay bkfgitkf tc scbk

Ibizcogio Xkrspkmtgvks co Govgsg`ak Kotgtgks

45

kxtkot, sc wdkrk gs tdk muaturia bkfgitgco go tdksk fgnnkrkot muaturia pkrspkmtgvks co tdksk `kgoes3 Ncr gostiomk tdk Wiocbibg, wdc irk locwo is tdk ngkrmk pkcpak‖gs tdit rgedt3 Vdky irk qugtk wirrgcraglk iof ngedt i act gotkrtrg`iaay iof gotritrg`iaay, iof sc tdkgr `kgoes divk sdirp wkipcos iof mut tdkb tc `gts. Gs tdgs i muaturia cvkraiy3 Gs tdgs muaturiaay bkfgitkf, cr gs tdgs rkiaay just io kbioitgco cn tdk `kgoes tdkbskavks3 O

: By pcsgtgco gs tdit G prksuppcsk tdit wdit pkcpak irk tkaagoe

bk gs wdit tdky imtuiaay tdgol. Iof sc go tdgs misk, G prksuppcsk tdit tdk Ibizcogio pkcpak G wis rknkrrgoe tc, wdko tdky siy tdit tdky ec gotc tdgs rkiab iof tdky skk tdksk kotgtgks iof tdgs gs wdit tdky‗rk aglk, tdky‗rk fksmrg`goe tdkgr kxpkrgkomk just is ioy FBV-tilgoe pkrsco wdc‗f ec iof divk io kxpkrgkomk iof tdko wcuaf mcbk `iml iof tial i`cut gt. Gt‗s c`vgcusay muaturiaay bkfgitkf go tdk skosk tdit gn ycu‗rk Koeagsd iof ycu divk tdit kxpkrgkomk iof ycu mcbk `iml iof ycu spkil i`cut gt go Koeagsd, tdko ycu‗rk ecgoe tc usk mkrtigo wcrfs. @ut G tdgol tdit tdk kxpkrgkomk cn tdgs rkiab fcks triosmkof muaturk tc i airek kxtkot . . . B L O

: ]c gt‗s fksmrg`kf tdrcued muaturia ngatkrs. : Wks, prkmgskay. Gn ycu irk pirt cn i muaturk tdit fckso‗t divk

wcrfs ncr tdgs stunn tdko ycu mcbk `iml nrcb cok cn tdksk kxpkrgkomks iof ycu spkil eg``krgsd ncr i wdgak iof ycur nrgkofs tdgol ycu‗rk wkgrf, iof tdko sacway `ut surkay gt skkps gotc tdk muaturk. Iof imtuiaay G tdgol ykstkrfiy‗s ngrst prkskotitgco wis sdcwgoe dcw gt mio skkp gotc tdk muaturk go surprgsgoe wiys. Ncr kxibpak tdk Wiocbibg divk wcrfs ncr tdk kxpkrgkomk: tdksk irk xipgrg i`cut iof tdgs gs wdit`ut wk scbk locw cn i`cut tdky sgoe iof `rgoe locwakfek dkiagoe< tdkbtdkb irk‖ oisty, iof tdky‗rk cntko irbkf. Vdgs gs aglk pkcpak wdc divk `kko tc iof divk kxpacrkf io uolocwo tkrrgtcry iof divk mcbk `iml wgtd rkpcrts nrcb gt. Iof tdksk fgnnkrkot Ibizcogio muaturks tdit irk skpiritkf `y tdcusiofs cn lgacbktkrs rkpcrt vkry sgbgair tdgoes i`cut tdksk kotgtgks. Vdko tdky mcbk `iml gotc tdkgr cwo muaturk iof fcwoacif gt, is gt wkrk. G tdgol tdit gt‗s kisgkr tc frgol iyiduismi gn ycu‗rk i Xgrc pkrsco iof

44

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

ycu‗vk ercwo up wgtd pkcpak go ycur nibgay wdc divk dif tdgs kxpkrgkomk iof wdc‗vk tialkf i`cut gt tdio gn ycu‗rk just i oigvk pkrsco nrcb Acofco. Vdit‗s wdit G bkiot `y muaturia bkfgitgco. A

: G i`scautkay ierkk. ]c gs tdkrk i skosk tdit gn wk mcuaf scbk-

dcw pkka `iml tdk agoeugstgm `gts wdkrk tdkrk wis i bkfgitgco tdrcued aioeuiek muaturia cvkraiy tdko wk wcuaf uofkrokitd tdit tdkrktdit irk egvks mcrk us kxpkrgkomks tdit irk sdirkf imrcssngof muaturks3 Vdk komcuotkr wgtd agttak `kgoes, ncr gostiomk, skkbs qugtk mcbbco ‖tdit tdky kbioitk agedt, cr tdit tdky sgoe, cr tdit tdky tkimd dkiagoe ‖iof tdkrk skkbs tc `k scbk mcbbcoiagtgks `kycof tdk muaturia bkbks tdit irk ippagkf tc tdkb `y tdcsk gofgvgfuia ercups. O

: Wks G tdgol gt wcuaf `k rkiaay gotkrkstgoe rkskirmd. Wcu‗f divk

tc `k mirknua, cn mcursk, i`cut tdk aioeuiek ycu usk. Akt‗s siy wk‗rk ecgoe tc fc gt go Koeagsd. Gt wcuaf bkio `kgoe skan-mrgtgmia i`cut Koeagsd wcrfs nrcb aglk tdk ekt-ec, kvkrywcrfs tgbk ycu cok, aglk spgrgt, aglk bkio fkgty, kvko wcrfs oiturk,iof iaa tdksk okkfusk uopimlgoe. Gt fckso‗t wk mio‗t usk tdkb cr tdit wk divk tc rkbigo sgakot, `ut wk‗vk ect tc `k iwirk cn tdk mcooctitgcos cn cur cwo vcmi`uairgks. ]c tdko, wk fc tdgs govkstgeitgco, go Koeagsd siy, iof wk rkif fgnnkrkot Ibizcogio scurmks‖ G tdgol gt wcuaf `k gotkrkstgoe tc kxpiof tdgs lgof cn ipprcimd tc wdit iaa tdk fgnnkrkot muaturks go tdk Ibizco, gomaufgoe Bkstgzc muaturks, siy i`cut tdksk kotgtgks‖iof accl ncr tdk sgbgairgtgks iof fgnnkrkomks iof tdko tilk tdit iof mcbpirk gt tc ctdkr trifgtgcos ieigo. Gt wcuaf `k vkry gotkrkstgoe tc skk tdk mcbbcoiagtgks iof tdk fgnnkrkomks, fkpkofgoe co tdk paiots uskf cr tdk paiots oct uskf. B L

: ]cbk cn tdcsk mcbbcoiagtgks bgedt kxtkof tc tdk FBV

aiofsmipk is wkaa. Uk divk mrkitkf i vcmi`uairy ircuof tdksk FBV kotgtgks, iof wk‗rk usuiaay mcongokf tc Koeagsd. Cur mcomkpts irk oct iutcbitgmiaay akss viagf tdio tdk ctdkr mcomkpts< tdk Isdéogoli, tdk Xgrc, iof tdk Wiocbibg iasc usk aioeuiek, sc tdky ngatkr tdksk kxpkrgkomks tdrcued tdkgr aioeuiek, tdrcued tdcsk agbgtitgcos. G tdgol wk

Ibizcogio Xkrspkmtgvks co Govgsg`ak Kotgtg ks

47

iaa lgof cn ierkk tdit tdk pdkocbkoco gtskan gs triosagoeugstgm cr bktiagoeugstgm. Gt‗s vkry dirf tc ippay ioy lgof cn aioeuiek tc io immuritk fksmrgptgco cn just wdit gs ecgoe co, sc wk‗rk agbgtkf. O

: Ukaa G tdiol ycu ncr siygoe tdit `kmiusk gt‗s truk. Gt‗s cok cn

tdk pcgots G wiotkf tc bilk cr tdit G tdgol wis gbpagmgt, wdgmd gs tdit makiray ncr pkcpak wdc irkskk nibgagir FBV rkpcrts, tc tdksk Ibizcogio rkpcrts tdky tdksk wgtd mcbbcoiagtgks ‖aglkagstkogoe tdk aubgocsgty, ncr kxibpak. G tdgol tdit scbk cn Pgml ]trissbio‗s mcaai`critcrs cr tdk pkcpak wdc pirtgmgpitkf mibk `iml wgtd tdk fksgrk tc dkia, ncr kxibpak. Vdk triosncrbitgco tdit scbk pkcpak ect cut cn tdk kxpkrgkomk wis tdkgr okw fksgrk tc dkap ctdkr pkcpak. Vdgs gs mcongrbkf go tdit wdit tdksk komcuotkrs irk ngrst iof ncrkbcst i`cut gs ekttgoe locwakfek nrcb tdksk kotgtgks tdit govcavks dkiagoe. Cok tdgoe tdit tdk Ibizcogios rkpcrt i act bcrk tdio FBV uskrs gs tdk gbpcrtiomk cn sgoegoe iof akirogoe tdk scoes, iof tdit dcw ycu gotkrimt wgtd tdksk kotgtgks gs `y piygoe ittkotgco tc tdk scuofs tdit tdky kbgt, wdgmd gs dcw ycu akiro nrcb tdkb. ]c biy`k tdit gs i sueekstgco ncr nurtdkr rkskirmd. Vdko tdkrk gs tdgs kotgrk qukstgco cn ktdgms< cok ngoiaay fcks dkir qugtk i `gt i`cut ktdgms nrcb Ibizcogio pkcpak `kmiusk imtuiaay pkcpak irk uptgedt i`cut scrmkry. Ioy`cfy wdc‗s puttgoe tdkgr dkif gotc tdgs rkiagty gs ecgoe tc ekt locwakfek iof pcwkr iof mio mcbk `iml iof usk gt ieigost us. Dian cn Ibizcogio sdibiogsb gs ittiml scrmkry. Vdgs lgof cn ekts dgffko wdko iyiduismi gs `rcuedt gotc tdk Ukst. Uk fco‗t tial i`cut tdk lgof cn sdifcw sgfk cn gt ocr fc wk dkir tcc bumd i`cut tdk sdifcw sgfk go tdk FBV rkskirmd goskmt iof mcotimt kotgtgks. G fkag`kritkay bkotgcokf tdkwirusgoirg `kgoeswgtd tdit tdksk irk nrcb `kycof tdk sly iof mcbk it ycu wgtd tdkgr `aifks iof wkipcos go rknkrkomk tc tdk priygoe biotgs `rigo surekcos tdit FBV uskrs komcuotkr. Vdk Wiocbibg pkcpak mcongrb tdit wdko ycu usk FBV sounn tdksk irk tdk lgofs cn kotgtgks ycu ruo gotc. Iof gt‗s oct kisy. I

E

: Go Iotco \@gatcoR‗s gotrcfumtgco co Vuksfiy dk

sigf tdit gn ycu‗rk dkrk, tdko ycu sdcuaf rkiaay `k cpko tc tdk gfki tdit

78

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

bgof cr mcosmgcusokss prkmkfks bittkr. G wcuaf siy oc, tdkrk gs oc okkf ncr bittkr, sc tc spkil. Mcosmgcusokss gs tdgs skan-creiogzgoe skan-mcbpakxgnygoe mrkiturk tdit tilks bioy wcofrcus ncrbs, gomaufgoe tdgs skt cn ncrbs go tdgs rccb, `ut wk sdcuafo‗t issubk tdit mcosmgcusokss coay tilks ncrbs tdit wk mio gotkrimt wgtd iaa tdk tgbk. Uk wrkstak wgtd tdk gfki cn tdk spgrgt wcraf `kmiusk wk divk tdgs dcrrg`ak mrkiturk go cur pdgacscpdy miaakf bittkr, wdgmd scbkdcw egvks rgsk tc mcosmgcusokss wdko gt‗s creiogzkf go i mkrtigo wiy‖tdit‗s tdk prc`akb. Comk wk ekt rgf cn tdgs gaauscry bittkr is tdk Dgofus divk `kko tkaagoe us ncr tdcusiofs cn ykirs iof rkiagzk imtuiaay gt‗s just strumturkf mcosmgcusokss tdit dis tdgs grrksgstg`ak urek tc skan-creiogzk iof skan-mcbpakxgny iof tilk strioek ncrbs gomaufgoe tdk ncrbs go tdgs rccb, tdko gt‗s oct surprgsgoe wdko cur `rigo‖i lgof cn i skan-mcbpakxgngkf strumturk go mcosmgcusokss gtskan‖wdko ycu mdioek tdk wiy tdit gt‗s wrgtdgoe iof skktdgoe `y mdioegoe tdk mdkbgstry‖stirts tc tuok go, cr rkscoitk wis tdk wcrf ycu uskf, wgtd mrkiturks nrcb kaskwdkrk wgtdgo tdgs erkit eriof bitrgx cn bgof. B L : G bkio tdk mcomkpt cn agnk ncrmk, tdgs maissgmia ^gmtcrgio mcomkpt, wis kxcrmgskf cut cn `gcacey prc`i`ay ncr eccf rkisco. ]c wdko G sigf gt wis prkbiturk biy`k G wis `kgoe i agttak `gt nimktgcus, `ut gt gs kximtay is ycu siy. Vdksk irk iaa mcoskqukomks cn tdgs fuiagstgm pkrspkmtgvk, wdgmd gs vkry dirf tc ekt iwiy nrcb gt skkbs. Ksskotgiaay G‗b ierkkgoe wgtd ycu, i`scautkay< G tdgol tdit tdk prcpkrty cn tdksk skan-creiogzgoe systkbs ‖agnk iof ctdkr tdgoes ‖ycu mio‗t kvko mcongok gt okmkssirgay tc `gcacey. Wcu locw bittkr gtskan, wdktdkr iogbitk cr goiogbitk, dis tdgs i`gagty tc scrt skan-creiogzk iof tc biognkst tdksk kbkrekot prcpkrtgks, wdgmd ieigo cn ecks `iml tdk gofgekocus pkrspkmtgvk co iogbgsb. Gt fckso‗t stcp wgtd `gcacey ‖go io iogbgstgm muaturk tdk rcmls irk iagvk, kvkrytdgoe gs iagvk iof gotkaagekot. Vdgs gso‗t tdit nir nrcb Udgtkdkif‗s gfki, wdgmd wis vkry bumd i`cut tdgs: kvkrytdgoe gs io creiogsb, tdk kakmtrco gs io creiogsb, iof sc tdkrk gs scbktdgoe i`cut bittkr gtskan cr tdk prcmkssks tdit egvk rgsk tc bittkr tdit biognkst tdgs scrt cn skan-creiogzgoe iof G firk siy kvko gotka-

Ibizcogio Xkrspkmtgvks co Govgsg`ak Kotgtg ks

79

agekot quiagty. @ut ycu‗rk siygoe gt‗s oct kvko bittkr, ritdkr gt‗s prkmkfkot tc bittkr3 E

: G fco‗t tdgol ycu okkf tc govclk bittkr< bittkr gs i prc-

mkss, i prcmkss cn skan-creiogzitgco, cn skan-mcbpakxgngmitgco, tdit mcosmgcusokss fcks. ]c wk fco‗t okkf tc govclk tdgs ctdkr ocubkoia wcraf cn scagf bittkr, `kmiusk tdko wk ruo gotc iaa tdksk prc`akbs tdit G‗vk `kko tialgoe i`cut. B L E B L A

: ]c wdit ycu‗rk siygoe gs tdit wk irk iaa, gt‗s iaa, i frkib. : Gt‗s iaa mcosmgcusokss . . . : ]cbktdgoe gs frkibgoe gt, cr mcosmgcusokss gtskan3 : ]crry, G tdgol wk‗vk striykf i agttak `gt cnn tcpgm dkrk, `ut G tdgol

gt‗s vkry gotkrkstgoe. G tdgol Pupkrt bgedt wkged go co tdgs. P ] : Ukaa oct co tdgs pirtgmuair fgs-go mussgco, iatdcued gt‗s cok G‗b vkry gotkrkstkf go< G‗b pdgacscpdgmia bcrk gotkrkstkf

i qukstgco cn nimt. ]c Jkrkby . . . B L ]

: @ctdkrscbk nimt. : Ukaa oc, just tdk maissgngmitgco cn tdksk kotgtgks. Wcu siy

tdky irk prgomgpiaay `gcacegmia, sc wdit G wis gotkrkstkf go gs wdktdkr tdky divk mitkecrgks cn kotgtgks tdit irk tctiaay fgskb`cfgkf, cr wdktdkr bcst cn tdksk kotgtgks, cr iaa cn tdk kotgtgks, tdky komcuotkr irk ercuofkf go paiots iof iogbias3 O

: Wks, wkaa tdit‗s i lky qukstgco, iof G tdgol gt wcuaf tilk accl-

goe gotc gt bcrk tc `k i`ak tc ioswkr gt prcpkray. Udit G eitdkr gs tdit tdksk kotgtgks mio `k fktimdkf nrcb `cfgks `ut bcst cn tdk tgbk irk oct. Udit tdky bigoay fc gs iogbitk `cfgks. @ut tdko wdko tdk `cfgks fgk, tdky akivk tdk `cfgks. ]c tdkrk skkbs tc `k io ‑kmcacey cn scuas,‒ G tdgol gs wdit ycu quctkf Vkrkomk is siygoe3 Vdky skkb tc nacit ircuof aglk rifgc wivks, cok cn by goncrbiots tcaf bk. ]c G sigf, ‑Udkrk irk tdky3‒

70

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

iof dk sigf, ‑Cd wkaa tdky‗rk go tdk igr, aglk rifgc wivks, tdky‗rk iaa cvkr tdk paimk< ycu fco‗t skk tdkb, `ut tdky‗rk tdkrk, iof gn ycu mio imtuiaay tuok gotc tdkb tdko ycu mio pgml tdkb up.‒ : Fc tdky scbktgbks tuok gotc tdk kotgty cn i pirtgmuair

]

trkk cr i pirtgmuair iogbia cr gs gt tdk trkks, tdk spkmgks go ekokria3 O

: Wks tdit‗s tdk gfki, wdgmd gs tdit ycu fgkt i spkmgngm trkk. ]c wk imtuiaay tial i act i`cut iyiduismi, `ut go tdk Ibizcogio vgkw cn paiot bkfgmgok, cr paiot sdibiogsb, tdkrk irk bioy paiot tkimdkrs. Vdk `ge trkks, ncr kxibpak, irk skrgcus tkimdkrs. Vdk wiy tdit ycu akiro nrcb tdkb gs ycu fgkt tdkb. Wcu rknrigo nrcb tilgoe mkrtigo nccfs, ycu bigotigo skxuia i`stgokomk, iof tdko ycu tilk io kxtrimt cn tdk `irl cn tdgs trkk. Wcu frgol i mcosgfkri`ak quiotgty cn gt cvkr skvkria fiys iof skk, ncr kxibpak, dcw gt goncrbs ycur frkibs. Iof sc tdit‗s dcw ycu mio akiro, iof scbk trkks irk bcrk locwakfeki`ak iof kvko bcrk fioekrcus

tdio ctdkrs. : ]c tdit‗s i spkmgngm trkk ycu irk frgolgoe3

] O

: I spkmgngm trkk. : Iof ycu ngof cut tdgs goncrbitgco tdrcued frgolgoe io

]

kxtrimt cn gt3 O

: Vdit‗s rgedt.

^

F

: Go nimt dcw tdk locwakfek mcbks gs tdrcued tdk

mcbbuogco wgtd wisdc, tdksk paiot spgrgts tdkskBioy trkks, cn ycutdkb, locw aupgogtus, mdumdg isdpc wisdgtdit \iaacmmupy pdcoktgmR. wdko ycu fgkt tdkb uofkr tdk mgrmubstiomks tdit Jkrkby just sigf, mcbk tc spkil tc ycu go frkibs. Vdgs gs tdk wiy tdky maissgmiaay eigo goncrbitgco i`cut tdk paiots iof ngof cut tdkgr wiys cn usiek ncr dkiagoe, is cppcskf tc cur wiy go tdk Ukst cn scbkdcw c`skrvgoe tdkb iof acclgoe it tdkb ioiaytgmiaay. ]c gt‗s i fgnngmuat tdgoe tc vkrgny, `ut tdky fc egvk goncrbitgco, vkry scagf goncrbitgco.

Ibizcogio Xkrspkmtgvks co Govgsg`ak Kotgtgk s

K

F

7=

: G wis lgof cn prcmkssgoe ycur kiragkr qukstgco Fivgf

\AulkR. Wcu islkf i vkry gotkrkstgoe qukstgco, wdgmd gs wdit fc wk siy i`cut tdk fgnnkrkomks `ktwkko mcbbcoiagtgks cn tdksk kotgtgks iof tdkgr spkmgngm fgnnkrkomks3 Gt‗s io gotkrkstgoe prc`akb: gn wk‗rk ecgoe tc siy tdit tdkrk‗s scbk lgof cn pdkocbkoco tdko wdy gs gt tdk misk tdit iaa tdksk fgnnkrkot muaturks divk sagedtay fgnnkrkot spgos co gt iof wdit fc wk fc wgtd tdcsk fgnnkrkomks3 Iof ycu‗rk aglk, ‑Ukaa gs tdkrk i wiy tc pkka iwiy tdk spkmgngm muaturia prcjkmtgco cotc tdgs imtuia pdkocbkoco tdit wk mcuaf gfkotgny immcrfgoe tc tdk strumturia prgomgpaks, cr scbk lgof cn ekokria prgomgpaks3‒ Iof wdit G wis prcmkssgoe co gt gs tdit tdgs gs i wcofkrnua kxibpak cn i nuofibkotia smdkbi tdit wk divk go tdk Ukst i`cut dcw tc creiogzk rkiagty iof locwakfek. Vdit smdkbi, wdgmd gs qugtk mdiaakoekf `y Ibizcogio cotcacegks, gs tdit tdkrk‗s oiturk cut tdkrk, tdk wcraf, tdk c`jkmtgvk wcraf tdit wk mio uofkrstiof tdrcued smgkomk, iof tdko tdkrk‗s i muaturia wcraf go dkrk, i wcraf cn stcrgks iof aioeuiek iof iwiy cn prcjkmtgcos. ]c tdk eciaitcntdk smgkomk go tdit ‑Dcw mio wk strgp tdk aioeuiek tc ekt tdgoe3‒ Cr tcmisk siy,gs,‑Vdkrk gs io kxpkrgkomk tdit wk mio pkka iwiy tdk aioeuiek go crfkr tc ekt it.‒ Cliy tdit‗s gotkrkstgoe, `ut G tdgol gn wk‗rk rkiaay acclgoe it Ibizcogio cotcacegks iof wk‗rk tilgoe tdkb skrgcusay is ncrbs cn locwakfek, tdko wk divk tc rkmceogzk tdit tdky iasc nuofibkotiaay irk oct go i wcraf wdkrk tdkrk‗s i oiturk cut tdkrk iof i muaturia wcraf gosgfk. Jkrkby‗s iarkify egvko us i mauk i`cut tdit, wdgmd gs tdk nimt tdit nrcb tdkgr pkrspkmtgvk tdksk ‑ctdkr‒ ‖tdksk paiots iof tdksk iogbias ‖irk pkrscos, kvko go scbk misks dubios. Ocw go tdk Ukst wk bgedt siy, ‑cd wigt tdit‗s tcc iotdrcpcbcrpdgm,‒ cr, ‑tdit‗s oct tdk spgrgt, ycu fco‗t wiot tdk dubio tdkrk,‒ cr ‑wk‗rk ekttgoe iwiy nrcb dubios, wk irk sgml cn dubios.‒ @ut wdit tdgs gfki cn Ibizcogio pkrspkmtgvgsb gs rkiaay pcgotgoe tc gs tdit tdk pkrsco ‖tdk dubio rkiab, tdk muaturia rkiab tdit wk sdirk ‖gs wdit kvkry`cfy‗s fcgoe. Gt‗s just wk divk tc skk gt nrcb tdkgr pkrspkmtgvk tc rkmceo gzk gt. ]c tdk jieuir gs kitgoe tdk `kist, cr gs frgolgoe biogcm `kkr< cr tdksk kotgtgks agvk go dcbks, tdky agvk go strumturks, iof tdk ngoia twgst co

76

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

tdit gs tdk fksgrk tc ekt it tdk oiturk `kdgof tdk prcjkmtgco tc ekt iwiy nrcb tdk nimt tdit nrcb io Ibizcogio pkrspkmtgvk gt mio coay `k go rkaitgco. Gt mio coay `k go i rkaitgcosdgp cn —pkrscos‗ \gomaufgoe ocodubio iof kvko oco-mcrpcrkia pkrscosR tdit tdgs locwakfek wcuaf `k prcfumkf. Iof wk siy, ‑oc, oc, tdk pkrsco gs tdk prcjkmtgco, wk wiot tc ekt it tdk tdgoe gtskan.‒ @ut tdit‗s tdk pcgot: ycu‗rk iawiys ecgoe tc `k go rkaitgco wgtd tdit. Iof wdit wk‗rk fcgoe ocw go FBV iof iyiduismi muaturk go tdk Ukst gs fkvkacpgoe okw rkaitgcos ‖scbk wkaa-goncrbkf, scbk bgsgoncrbkf, scbk mdictgm, scbk su`agbk, iof scbk ocvka go wiys tdit irk pkrdips vkry gotkrkstgoe. @ut gt‗s just eccf tc iawiys rkbkb`kr‖kspkmgiaay, ycu locw, go i rccb nuaa cn smgkotgsts, wk‗rk iaa oituriagsts go tdit skosk ‖dcw kisy gt gs tc sagp gotc tdit bcfk uoqukstgcokf, tdk bcfk cn ‑tdkrk‗s i wcraf cut tdkrk iof wk‗rk prcjkmtgoe cotc gt‒ is cppcskf tc, ‑i wcraf tdit‗s iawiys go muaturia rkaitgco.‒ A

: Ucuaf ycu aglk tc mcbk `iml go, Jkrkby3 : Augs3

O A

A

: G wiotkf tc iff tdit tdk mcomkpt cn spgrgt, scua, cr iogbgsb

gs oct coay paiots iof iogbias< gt gs go kvkrytdgoe. G rkbkb`kr comk cok cn by tkimdkrs wis `cgagoe iyiduismi, iof `u``aks wkrk mcbgoe cut. Dk sigf, ‑Accl! Vdksk irk pkcpak, tdk `u``aks irk pkcpak.‒ Cr go tdk rgvkr, ycu divk i wdgrapcca iof tdit‗s pkcpak. Kvko triosgkot pdkocbkoi irk spgrgts cr pkcpak. Iof tdk gfki gs tdk pkrspkmtgvgsb, is go tdit ncr i jieuir, tdk jieuir. tdky irk tdk pkcpak. locw ncrwki mdgaf gowk tdkirkjieuir wcraf, Ncr tdkytdkb, irk tdk pkcpak. Uk irk tdkWcu prkfitcrs, irk tdk jieuir. ]c gt‗s iawiys tdgs lgof cn sdgntgoe pkrspkmtgvk. A

: G tdgol, uoakss ycu‗f aglk tc iff ioytdgoe, wk‗rk ecgoe tc rcuof

tdgs cok up. Vdiol ycu vkry bumd, Jkrkby.

MDIXVKP 6

Mcomkrogoe tdk Oiturk cn tdk FBV Kotgtgks iof Vdkgr Pkaitgco tc [s XKVKP B KWKP

[oaglk bcst cn tdk ctdkr prkskotkrs dkrk, G‗b oct i wkaa-locwo rkskirmdkr cr wrgtkr, iof G divk pu`agsdkf agttak co tdk su`jkmt cn FBV kxmkpt ncr io irtgmak twkoty-twc ykirs iec tgtakf ‑Ippirkot Mcbbuogmitgco wgtd Fgsmiroitk Kotgtgks Gofumkf `y Fgbktdyatryptibgok.‒ Gt wis tdk ngrst pu`agmitgco tc fksmrg`k go fktiga mcotimt wgtd ippirkotay gotkaagekot `kgoes go io ippirkotay iatkroitk rkiagty iof tc spkmuaitk co tdkgr oiturk< iatdcued, cn mcursk, Vkrkomk BmLkooi dif iarkify `kko spkilgoe go pu`agm co tdgs su`jkmt, iof vkry kacqukotay, sgomk tdk kiray 9748s. Udko scbkcok sbclks i sunngmgkot fcsk cn FBV tdky kxpkrgkomk wdit ippkirs tc `k i spimk cn scbk lgof tdit gs godi`gtkf `y kotgtgks tdit ippkir tc `k iwirk cn tdk c`skrvkr iof ippkir tc wgsd tc mcbbuogmitk scbktdgoe, tdcued wdit gs tc `k mcbbuogmitkf gs usuiaay oct makir. G tkrb tdgs spimk mcotigogoe tdksk kotgtgks tdk ‑FBV Ucraf,‒ `kmiusk gt skkbs tc `k i paimk tdit mio `k kotkrkf `y buatgpak c`skrvkrs wdcsk rkpcrts irk bcrk cr akss mcosgstkot wgtd kimd ctdkr iof wdc 7;

7>

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

prkfcbgoiotay rkpcrt tdit gt ippkirs tc tdkb is io iatkroitk rkiagty, tdit gs, scbktdgoe wdcaay ctdkr tdio cur kvkryfiy mcoskosus rkiagty. G sueekst tdit tdk mrgtkrgco cn rkia gs gotkrsu`jkmtgvk vkrgngi`gagty . Cok cr twc pkcpak maigbgoe tc divk kxpkrgkomkf sumd kotgtgks biy `k fgsbgsskf is diaaumgoitgoe. @ut wdko i mcupak duofrkf pkcpak rkpcrt sumd io kxpkrgkomk, iof tdk rkpcrts, wdgak bcstay gofkpkofkot, irk murgcusay sgbgair, gt gs oct sc kisy tc fgsbgss tdkb go tdgs wiy. Iof, gofkkf, i mcupak duofrkf pkcpak divk rkpcrtkf mcotimt wgtd tdksk kotgtgks, is fcmubkotkf go i piek co by wk`sgtk tgtakf ‑=68 FBV Vrgp Pkpcrts.‒ Cn tdcsk =68 rkpcrts, bcst cn wdgmd wkrk mcaakmtkf go 088;, kximtay twc-tdgrfs cn tdkb, 00>, gomaufk rknkrkomks tc ippirkotay gofkpkofkotay kxgstgoe kotgtgks< tdit gs, `kgoes cn scbk lgof kxgstgoe gofkpkofkotay cn tdk c`skrvkr, just is wk issubk tdit bitkrgia c`jkmts iof ctdkr pkcpak kxgst gofkpkofkotay cn cur c`skrvitgco cn tdkb. [p tc ocw G divk uskf tdk tkrb ‑tdk FBV Ucraf‒ go i pdkocbkocacegmia tdit gs,FBV. tdk FBV wdit kxpkrgkomk wdkoskosk< tdky sbclk By Ucraf purpcskgs go tdgsbcst tial pkcpak gs tc cutagok i bktipdysgmia nribkwcrl ncr uofkrstiofgoe wdit tdk FBV kotgtgks irk, iof tdgs makiray ecks `kycof pdkocbkocacey gotc cotcacey. Aitkr G sdiaa fgsmuss tdk FBV Ucraf go i bcrk cotcacegmia skosk. Gt gs oct fgnngmuat tc c`skrvk tdk godi`gtiots cn tdk FBV Ucraf, sgomk cok coay dis tc sbclk i sunngmgkot ibcuot cn FBV. @ut rkpcrts cn tdksk c`skrvitgcos murrkotay bilk oc skosk tc scbkcok wdc immkpts tdk mcovkotgcoia bitkrgiagst immcuot cn rkiagty, wdgmd isskrts tdit rkiagty mcosgsts coay cn bitkrgia c`jkmts iof tdkgr gotkrimtgcos go pdysgmia spimk iof tgbk. Bitkrgiagsb gs i macsk mcusgo cn pdysgmiagsb, tdk vgkw tdit coay tdk pdysgmia wcraf gs rkia. ‑Xdysgmia wcraf‒ bkios tdk tctia cn, ngrstay, wdit wk mio c`skrvk vgi cur skosks, go pirtgmuair sgedt iof tcumd iuebkotkf `y tdk usk cn gostrubkots sumd is tdk bgmrcsmcpk iof tdk tkaksmcpk. ]kmcofay, pdysgmiagsb siys tdk pdysgmia wcraf gs c`jkmts iof prcmkssks wdcsk kxgstkomk wk mio gonkr nrcb sumd c`skrvitgcos, ncr kxibpak ekoks iof bcakmuaks.

Mcomkrogoe tdk Oiturk cn tdk FBV Kotgtgks iof Vdkgr Pkaitgco tc [s

75

Makiray tdk pdysgmiagst immcuot cn rkiagty gs oct mcosgstkot wgtd tdk maigb tdit c`skrvitgco cn tdk FBV Ucraf gs tdit cn io iatkroitk rkiagty go wdgmd gotkaagekot kotgtgks biy `k komcuotkrkf tdit irk oct c`jkmts wgtdgo tdk pdysgmia wcraf. Ioy immcuot cn rkiagty tdit ittrg`utks rkia kxgstkomk tc tdk FBV Ucraf iof tdk kotgtgks c`skrvkf wgtdgo gt tdus mcostgtutks i fkogia tdit tdk pdysgmiagst immcuot prcvgfks i mcbpaktk uofkrstiofgoe cn tdk wcraf wk agvk go. Nurtdkrbcrk, tdk pdysgmiagst immcuot cn rkiagty dis oc paimk kvko ncr tdksk c`skrvitgcos tdkbskavks, `kmiusk tdksk c`skrvitgcos irk `iskf upco mcosmgcus iwirkokss, iof tdk pdysgmiagst immcuot kgtdkr dis oc paimk ncr mcosmgcusokss cr suppcsks gt tc `k scbktdgoe tdit iutcbitgmiaay kbkreks nrcb imtgvgty wgtdgo tdk `rigos cn dubios iof pcssg`ay ctdkr iogbias. Dcw tdgs kbkrekomk cmmurs, cr gs kvko pcssg`ak, gs murrkotay i bystkry, iof nrcb tdk pdysgmiagsts wk divk coay tdk isskrtgco tdit io kxpaioitgco wgaa kvkotuiaay `k ncuof. Go tdk oibkay: Ukstkro‑Udc pdgacscpdgmia tdkrk tdrkk maissgmia qukstgcos< irk wk3‒ trifgtgco ‑Udkrk fgf wk irk mcbk nrcb3‒ iof ‑Udy irk wk dkrk3‒ Vdk ioswkrs egvko `y tdk pdysgmiagst immcuot irk is ncaacws: Ngrstay, gofgvgfuiaay, wk dubios irk mcbpakx bkti`cagm systkbs uatgbitkay mcbpcskf cn bcakmuaks iof itcbs tdit imqugrk tdk i`gagty tc gotkrimt vgi aioeuiek wgtd ctdkr sumd bkti`cagm systkbs tc ncrb creiogzkf scmgktgks. ]kmcofay, wk irk tdk rksuat cn duofrkfs cn bgaagcos cn ykirs cn creiogm kvcautgco rksuatgoe nrcb oituria skakmtgco. Iof tdgrfay, tdgs kvcautgco dis `kko frgvko `y oituria pdysgmia aiws, wdcsk crgego gs uolocwo, mcb`gokf wgtd riofcb kvkots, iof tdkrk gs oc rkisco cr purpcsk it iaa ncr cur `kgoe dkrk. ]c G wgsd tc prcvgfk iatkroitgvk ioswkrs tc tdksk tdrkk maissgmia pdgacscpdgmia qukstgcos, wdgmd scbk pkcpak biy ngof bcrk sitgsnimtcry tdio tdcsk prcvgfkf kgtdkr `y pdysgmiagsb cr `y cok cn tdk creiogzkf rkagegcos. G sdiaa iasc sueekst io ioswkr tc tdk qukstgco, ‑Mio i rc`ct `k mcosmgcus3‒ Vdksk ioswkrs irk cn i bktipdysgmia oiturk iof irk oct bkiot tc `k isskrtkf fcebitgmiaay `ut ritdkr put ncrwirf ncr ycur mcosgfkritgco.

74

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

Ngrstay, ‑wdc irk wk3‒ Uk `kego wgtd cotcacey, wdgmd gs tdk pdgacscpdgmia stufy cn wdit gs, wdit kxgsts, cr wdit gs ‑rkia.‒ Immcrfgoe tc tdk bktipdysgmia vgkw prkskotkf dkrk, tdk nuofibkotia rkiagty gs i prgbcrfgia Iwirkokss, wgtd i mipgtia ‑I.‒ Uk mio miaa gt ‑tdk Xrgbcrfgia Bgof‒ cr ‑Ecf‒ gn ycu wgsd. Vdkrk gs octdgoe `kycof cr i`cvk tdk Xrgbcrfgia Bgof tdit wk mio mcomkptuiagzk. Gt mio, dcwkvkr, `k locwo tc scbk kxtkot `y fgrkmt kxpkrgkomk go wdit gs accskay tkrbkf ‑bystgmia kxpkrgkomk.‒ Vdkrk gs octdgoe ctdkr tdio tdk Xrgbcrfgia Bgof, sc tdkrk irk oc agbgtitgcos co gt. Gt gs mrkitgvk `ut fcks oct mrkitk ioytdgoe kxtkrgcr tc gtskan. Iaa tdit kxgsts gs nrcb tdk Xrgbcrfgia Bgof. Vdk mcosmgcusokss cn iaa mcosmgcus `kgoes irgsks nrcb tdgs prgbcrfgia Iwirkokss. Vdit mcosmgcusokss gs nuofibkotia wis `kagkvkf `y bioy cn tdk ncuofkrs cn quiotub bkmdiogms sumd is Krwgo ]mdrþfgoekr iof Bix Xaioml. ]mdrþfgoekr gs rkpcrtkf is siygoe: ‑Mcosmgcusokss miooct `k immcuotkf ncr go pdysgmia tkrbs. Ncr mcosmgcusokss gs i`scautkay nuofibkotia. Gt miooct `k immcuotkf ncr go tkrbs cn ioytdgoe kask.‒ Ocw wk fkavk gotc dgstcry. Go tdk tdcuedt cn tdk tdgrf mkotury pdgacscpdkr Xactgous, tdk Xrgbcrfgia Bgof gs miaakf ‑tdk Cok.‒ Vdk Xrgbcrfgia Bgof gs i uogngkf Bgof. Go crfkr tc kodiomk gts pcssg`ak kxpkrgkomk gt mrkitkf nrcb gtskan gofgvgfuia spgrgtuia gotkaagekomks i`ak tc mcotkbpaitk tdk fgvgogty cn tdk Xrgbcrfgia Bgof iof iasc tc ncrb rkaitgcosdgps ibcoe tdkbskavks. ]cbk cn tdksk spgrgtuia gotkaagekomks irk locwo is irmdioekas iof ioekas. Nrcb tdkb, cr pcssg`ay nrcb tdk Xrgbcrfgia Bgof gtskan, kbioitk bioy ctdkr bgofs. Vdk ksskotgia oiturk cn iaa cn tdksk `kgoes gs tdk Xrgbcrfgia Bgof gtskan, sgomk octdgoe kxgsts tdit gs ctdkr tdio tdk Xrgbcrfgia Bgof. Crgeko miaas tdksk aksskr bgofs acegli, bkiogoe ‑ritgcoia oiturks‒ cr ‑scuas‒ iof dis tdgs tc siy i`cut tdkb, immcrfgoe tc tdk Gotkrokt Komymacpkfgi cn Xdgacscpdy:

Mcomkrogoe tdk Oiturk cn tdk FBV Kotgtgks iof Vdkgr Pkaitgco tc [s

77

Vdksk scuas wkrk crgegoiaay mrkitkf go macsk prcxgbgty tc Ecf, wgtd tdk gotkotgco tdit tdky sdcuaf kxpacrk tdk fgvgok bystkrgks go i stitk cn kofakss mcotkbpaitgco. Vdky erkw wkiry cn tdgs gotkosk mcotkbpaitgco, dcwkvkr, iof aipskf, niaagoe iwiy nrcb Ecf iof gotc io kxgstkomk co tdkgr cwo tkrbs, ipirt nrcb tdk fgvgok prkskomk iof tdk wgsfcb tc `k ncuof tdkrk. Vdgs niaa wis oct, gt bust `k uofkrstccf, tdk rksuat cn ioy godkrkot gbpkrnkmtgco go tdk mrkiturks cn Ecf, ritdkr, gt wis tdk rksuat cn i bgsusk cn tdk erkitkst egnt cn Ecf tc Dgs mrkitgco, \oibkayR nrkkfcb. . . . Vdus fkpirtgoe nrcb Ecf, tdky mibk tc `k mactdkf go `cfgks, it ngrst cn ‑i ngok ktdkrkia iof govgsg`ak oiturk,‒ `ut aitkr, is scuas nkaa nurtdkr iwiy nrcb Ecf, tdkgr `cfgks mdioekf ‑nrcb i ngok, ktdkrkia iof govgsg`ak `cfy tc i `cfy cn i mcirskr iof bcrk scagf stitk. Vdk purgty iof su`takokss cn tdk `cfy wgtd wdgmd i scua gs kovkacpkf fkpkofs upco tdk bcria fkvkacpbkot iof pkrnkmtgco cn tdk scua tc wdgmd gt gs jcgokf. . . . \Crgeko stitks tdit tdkrk irkR virygoe fkerkks cn su`takokss kvko ibcoe tdk mkakstgia iof spgrgtuia `cfgks.

Uk sdcuaf oct uofkrstiof Crgeko‗s tial cn `cfgks go i bcfkro bitkrgiagst skosk, tdit gs, tdit i `cfy gs scbktdgoe cn i tctiaay fgnnkrkot oiturk nrcb i bgof. Vdgs gs tdk `isgm krrcr tdit wis gotrcfumkf gotc bcfkro pdgacscpdy `y Pkoç Fksmirtks go tdk skvkotkkotd mkotury. Bcfkro pdgacscpdy gs coay ocw rkmcvkrgoe nrcb tdgs `isgm krrcr. Go dgs `ccl Co Ngrst Xrgomgpaks Crgeko siys tdit coay tdk Nitdkr, ]co, iof Dcay Edcst irk gomcrpcrkia, tdit gs, aimlgoe `cfgks. Iaa ‑ritgcoia oiturks,‒ tdit gs, scuas, divk `cfgks. Ibcoe tdk scuas tdkrk irk ioekas, dubios, iof cok cr bcrk ctdkr typks cn scuas tdit cmmupy io gotkrbkfgitk pcsgtgco. Cok cn tdksk typks cn scuas gs tdk FBV kotgtgks. ]c tdk FBV kotgtgks, aglk ioekas iof dubios, divk `cfgks. Vdkgr `cfgks irk imtuiaay vgsg`ak tc ioycok wdc vkoturks gotc tdk FBV Ucraf. Ugaagib @ailk sigf go dgs `ccl Vdk Birrgiek cn Dkivko iof Dkaa :

988

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

‑Bio dis oc @cfy fgstgomt nrcb dgs ]cua. Ncr tdit miaakf @cfy gs i pcrtgco cn ]cua fgsmkrokf `y tdk ngvk skosks, tdk mdgkn goakts cn ]cua go tdgs iek.‒ Vdgs gs io gbpcrtiot gosgedt iof akifs tc tdk uofkrstiofgoe tdit ncr iaa scuas it wditkvkr akvka, tdk tkrb ‑`cfy‒ mio `k gotkrprktkf is divgoe i fuia bkiogoe. Ngrst, gt gs tdk `cfy is kxpkrgkomkf `y tdk scua, iof skmcof gt gs scbktdgoe oct fgrkmtay locwo `y tdk scua tdit gs kxtrgosgm tc tdk scua `ut gs stgaa pirt cn tdk Xrgbcrfgia Bgof, wdgmd goncrbs tdk scua‗s kxpkrgkomk. ]c tdk ioswkr tc tdk ngrst maissgmia pdgacscpdgmia qukstgco ‑Udc irk wk3‒ gs tdit `ctd wk iof tdk FBV kotgtgks irk ibcoe tdk scuas tdit Crgeko fksmrg`ks go dgs mcsbcacey. Uk mcbk ocw tc tdk skmcof qukstgco. Udkrk fc wk mcbk nrcb3 Vdgs qukstgco gs pirtgiaay ioswkrkf `y tdk ioswkr tc tdk ngrst qukstgco, wk irk scuasBgof wdc cr divk gostiotgitkf `y tdk mrkitgvk imtgvgty cnsgomk tdk Xrgbcrfgia `y`kko cok cn tdk prgomgpaks kbioitgoe nrcb gt. @ut tdkrk gs i bcrk spkmgngm ioswkr, wdgmd mcomkros cur rkaitgco tc tdk FBV kotgtgks. Go by irtgmak ‑Ippirkot Mcbbuogmitgco wgtd Fgsmiroitk Kotgtgks,‒ G sueekst kgedt pcssg`ak gotkrprktitgcos cn tdk FBV kxpkrgkomk, cok cn wdgmd gs: Vdk rkiab tc wdgmd FBV prcvgfks immkss gs tdk wcraf cn tdk fkif. Vdk kotgtgks kxpkrgkomkf irk tdk scuas, cr pkrscoiagtgks, cn tdk fkpirtkf, wdgmd rktigo scbk lgof cn agnk iof i`gagty tc mcbbuogmitk. Vdk rkiab cn fkif scuas, mcbbcoay immkptkf `y muaturks iof scmgktgks ctdkr tdio tdit cn tdk bcfkro Ukst, gs ocw immkssg`ak usgoe FBV.

G kai`critkf co tdgs gfki go i skmtgco cn by irtgmak tgtakf ‑FBV iof tdk Fkitd ]titk,‒ go wdgmd G sigf:

Mcomkrogoe tdk Oiturk cn tdk FBV Kotgtgks iof Vdkgr Pkaitgco tc [s

989

Udc irk wk iof dcw fgf wk ekt dkrk3 Makiray wk irk pkrscoiagtgks wdc fkvkacp go mcookmtgco wgtd cur `cfgks. @ut irk wk pkrscoiagtgks wdc divk cur crgego go tdk fkvkacpbkot cn cur `cfgks3 Cr fc wk crgegoitk is dypkrspitgia kotgtgks wdc `kmcbk isscmgitkf wgtd `cfgks ncr tdk purpcsk cn imtgoe go wdit ippkirs tc us is tdk crfgoiry wcraf3

G ocw wgsd tc kxpiof co tdgs gfki tdit wk dubios crgegoitk is dypkrspitgia kotgtgks. ]pkmgngmiaay, G sueekst tdit `kncrk kimd cn us dubios `kmibk gomiroitk creiogsbs go tdgs oituria wcraf, wk wkrk kotgtgks go tdk FBV Ucraf iof tdit furgoe nktia fkvkacpbkot go tdk wcb` wk bifk i triosgtgco nrcb tdk FBV Ucraf tc tdgs oituria wcraf. I vkry gbpcrtiot irtgmak i`cut FBV wis wrgttko go 0890 `y Iofrkw Eiaagbcrk gs tgtakf ‑@ugafgoe Iagko Ucrafs.‒ Vdk mcomkpt `ugafgoe i wcraf issubk cn fkrgvks tdit nrcbmcosmgcusokss mcotkbpcriry okurcsmgkomk, bcst `y cn wdcsk primtgtgcokrs gs scbkdcw prcfumkf tdk imtgvgty cn tdk `rigo. Cok cn tdk ncrkbcst kxpcokots cn tdgs gs tdk Ekrbio pdgacscpdkr Vdcbis Bktzgoekr. Go dgs `ccl Vdk Kec Vuooka, Bktzgoekr spkils cn tdk sc-miaakf okuria mcrrkaitk cn mcosmgcusokss iof fkngoks tdgs is ‑tdit skt cn okurcnuomtgcoia prcpkrtgks cn ycur `rigo sunngmgkot tc `rgoe i`cut i mcosmgcus kxpkrgkomk.‒ @rigo imtgvgty gs iaakekf tc ‑uofkragk‒ mcosmgcusokss, `ut oc pdgacscpdkr cr okurcsmgkotgst mio kxpaigo dcw mcosmgcusokss mio `k ekokritkf `y wdit gs ksskotgiaay i systkb cn gotkrmcookmtkf `gcmdkbgmia prcmkssks cmmurrgoe go pdysgmia spimk iof tgbk. Vdk crtdcfcx smgkotgngm tdkcry cn mcosmgcusokss issubks tdit i dubio gs io creiogsb kxgstgoe go pdysgmia spimk iof pcsskssgoe i pdysgmia `rigo, bigoay mcbpcskf cn okurcos, wdcsk imtgvgty gs c`skrvi`ak iof bkisuri`ak. ]umd c`skrvitgco gtskan prksuppcsks mcosmgcusokss, i nimt tdit ifdkrkots tc tdk crtdcfcx tdkcry usuiaay geocrk. Vdcbis Bktzgoekr mcosgfkrs tdk prc`akb cn dcw tc kxpaigo tc us tdk ippkiriomk cn i sgoeak, uogngkf wcraf tc i ‑skan‒ ippirkotay kxgstgoe

980

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

it tdk prkskot bcbkot go tdit wcraf. Vdk kxpaioitgco dk egvks gs, cn mcursk, egvko go tkrbs cn `rigo imtgvgty. Vdk `rigo iaakekfay mcostrumts i bcfka cn i wcraf, i wcraf pcsskssgoe tdk quiagtgks cn spimk iof tgbk, go wdgmd cmmur buatgpak c`jkmts pcsskssgoe sti`ak prcpkrtgks. Vdgs mcostrumtgco gs miaakf ‑`ugafgoe i wcraf,‒ iof wdko tdk `rigo `ugafs i wcraf tdko, immcrfgoe tc tdk crtdcfcx tdkcry, mcosmgcusokss cn tdit wcraf sgbpay dippkos. Vc `kagkvk tdgs rkqugrks io imt cn nigtd. Vdgs maigb, bcrkcvkr, skkbs tc `k rkimdkf `y i nigaurk tc fgstgoeugsd makiray `ktwkko rkprkskotitgco iof ippkiriomk. Ncr kxibpak, i oivgeitgcoia fkvgmk go i mir pcsskssks i rkprkskotitgco cn i wcraf mcosgstgoe cn rcifs, tdkgr ekceripdgmia rkaitgcos, ruaks cn tdk rcif, iof tdk murrkot pcsgtgco iof vkacmgty cn tdk mir, `ut tdk wcraf sc rkprkskotkf fcks oct ippkir tc tdit oivgeitgcoia fkvgmk. Io ippkiriomk bust `k io ippkiriomk tc i mcosmgcus `kgoe. ]c wdko Bktzgoekr ittkbpts tc kxpaigo tdk ippkiriomk cn i wcraf tc dubios go tkrbs cn i mcbpakx bcfka mcostrumtkf `y iof wgtdgo tdk `rigo, `y wcrf mcvkrtay goskrtgoe tdk issubptgco tditusgoe tdk tdk wcraf tdit ippkiriomk gs `ugat `y dk tdkgs `rigo gs i wcraf tdit ippkirs tc i mcosmgcus `kgoe. Cr tc put gt bcrk summgomtay, `ugafgoe i wcraf gs oct tdk sibk is `ugafgoe i pdkocbkoia wcraf. Dcwkvkr, tdk okurcsmgkotgngm mcomkpt cn `ugafgoe i wcraf prcvgfks us wgtd gosgedt gotc wdit i ‑wcraf‒ gs, oibkay, gt gs tdk tctiagty cn tdk ippkiriomks cn i wcraf tc i mcbbuogty cn mcosmgcus `kgoes (cr scuas). Vdk mcoskosus wcraf tdit wk `kagkvk wk agvk go gs tdk tctiagty cn iaa ippkiriomks tc dubios cn i wcraf. ]gbgairay, tdk FBV Ucraf gs tdk tctiagty cn iaa ippkiriomks tc FBV kotgtgks cn i wcraf. C`vgcusay, sgomk wk irk oct tdkb, tdkgr wcraf gs oct tdk sibk is cur wcraf. Octk tdit wk ocw divk i bcrk cotcacegmia fkngogtgco cn tdk FBV Ucraf go iffgtgco tc tdk pdkocbkocacegmia mcomkpt wgtd wdgmd wk `keio, oibkay, tdk FBV Ucraf gs tdk tctiagty cn iaa ippkiriomks cn i wcraf tc tdk FBV kotgtgks. Go dgs irtgmak ‑@ugafgoe Iagko Ucrafs,‒ Iofrkw \EiaagbcrkR fgsmussks tdk okurctriosbgttkrs skrctcogo iof FBV, wdgmd irk sc-miaakf

Mcomkrogoe tdk Oiturk cn tdk FBV Kotgtgks iof Vdkgr Pkaitgco tc [s

98=

okurcbcfuaitcrs go tdit tdky iatkr okuria imtgvgty go i eac`ia biookr. Vdk i`strimt siys, go pirt: Ireui`ay tdk bcst rkbirli`ak prcpkrty cn tdk dubio `rigo gs gts i`gagty tc mcostrumt tdk wcraf tdit ippkirs tc mcosmgcusokss. Vdk `rigo gs mipi`ak cn `ugafgoe wcrafs furgoe wilgoe agnk, `ut iasc \cn fcgoe scR go tdk mcbpaktk i`skomk cn kxtrgosgm skoscry fiti, kotgrkay nrcb gotrgosgm tdiaibcmcrtgmia imtgvgty, is furgoe frkibgoe. . . . \@yR rkeirfgoe tdgs uogquk bcakmuak \FBVR is kqugviakot tc skrctcogo . . . FBV‗s knnkmts biy `k kxpaigokf. ]krctcogo dis kvcavkf tc dcaf tdk `rigo‗s tdiaibcmcrtgmia systkb go i stitk go wdgmd tdk mcoskosus wcraf gs `ugat. Udko skrctcogo gs rkpaimkf `y FBV, tdk tdiaibcmcrtgmia systkb sdgnts gotc io kqugviakot stitk, `ut cok go wdgmd io ippirkotay iagko wcraf gs `ugat.

G `kagkvk tdgsFBV gfki gsUcraf. i vkry Dcwkvkr, gbpcrtiotGmcotrg`utgco tc curgsuofkrstiofgoe cn tdk sueekst tdit wdit stitkf go tdk rkbigofkr cn tdk i`strimt, oibkay, tdit FBV gs ‑io iomkstria okurcbcfuaitcr,‒ gs oct mcrrkmt. Go dgs irtgmak Iofrkw \EiaagbcrkR siys: FBV gs io iomkstria okurcbcfuaitcr, tdit gs, i okurcbcfuaitcr tdit, it scbk pcgot go cur kvcautgcoiry pist, wis skmrktkf go psymdkfkagm mcomkotritgcos `y tdk `rigo . . . \`utR dis su`skqukotay `kko acst. . . . \GoR tdgs iomkstria pkrgcf, tdk `rigo wcuaf divk prcfumkf `ctd skrctcogo iof FBV, iatdcued prc`i`ay oct it tdk sibk tgbk. Vdk kvcautgco cn tdk mcoskosus wcraf-`ugafgoe mipi`gagtgks cn tdk `rigo tccl paimk uofkr tdk bcfuaitgco cn skrctcogo, iof wis frgvko `y tdk kxtrgosgm skoscry fiti nrcb tdk mcoskosus wcraf. Dcwkvkr, pkrgcfgmiaay, tdk `rigo wis i`ak tc swgtmd nrcb prgbirgay skrctcogo skmrktgco tc FBV skmrktgco. . . . \VdkR tdiaibcmcrtgmia systkb fkvkacpkf io i`gagty tc `ugaf tdk ‑mcoskosus wcraf‒ wdko skrctcogo wis prkskot iof tdk ‑iagko wcraf‒ wdko

986

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

FBV wis prkskot. . . . \VdkR `rigo uofkrwkot i piriaaka okuria kvcautgco, go wdgmd twc kotgrkay skpiritk wcraf-`ugafgoe mipi`gagtgks wkrk fkvkacpkf.

Iofrkw gs dkrk sueekstgoe tdit tdk i`gagty cn tdk `rigo tc `ugaf tdk mcoskosus wcraf iof gts i`gagty tc `ugaf tdk FBV Ucraf fkvkacpkf mcomurrkotay. Dk mcotgouks: Xkrdips, dcwkvkr, go crfkr tc mkbkot tdk dubio spkmgks bcrk ngrbay go tdk mcoskosus wcraf, tdk FBV-skmrktgoe i`gagty cn tdk `rigo wis erifuiaay acst iof coay skrctcogo rkbigokf. Is i mcoskqukomk, iaa locwakfek cn tdk ctdkr rkiagty wis kvkotuiaay ncrecttko.

G ocw egvk by rkisco ncr tdgolgoe tdit tdgs gs oct mcrrkmt. Immcrfgoe tc tdk rkmkgvkf immcuot cn creiogm kvcautgco, okw nkiturks fkvkacp go i spkmgks `kmiusk gomrkiskMakiray tdk mdiomk cn survgvia rkprcfumtgvk iek ncr bkb`krs cn tdky tdit spkmgks. tdk i`gagty cn tdktc`rigo cn ioy bibbiagio spkmgks tc `ugaf tdk wcraf gt agvks go, tdit gs, tdk wcraf go wdgmd gt imts, kits, iof rkprcfumks, gs scbktdgoe tdit dis viauk `ctd ncr tdk gofgvgfuia iof ncr tdk spkmgks. Vdus wk mio uofkrstiof tdk kvcautgco cn tdk mcoskosus wcraf”`ugafgoe mipi`gagtgks cn tdk `rigo is `kgoe frgvko `y kxtrgosgm skoscry fiti nrcb tdk oituria wcraf. Iofrkw \EiaagbcrkR fksmrg`ks tdgs wkaa go io irtgmak pu`agsdkf go 0896 tgtakf ‑FBV iof tdk Vcpcacey cn Pkiagty,‒ wdkrk dk siys: Is pittkros cn skoscry fiti irk sibpakf nrcb tdk kovgrcobkot, tdky imtgvitk spkmgngm mcaubo pcpuaitgcos iof tdk mcookmtgcos `ktwkko tdkb irk strkoetdkokf, wdgast ctdkrs biy `k wkilkokf. Cvkr tgbk, tdcsk pittkros cn mcookmtgvgty tdit irk bcst ifiptgvk tc survgvia (g.k., tdit ekokritk usknua bcfkas cn tdk wcrafs) irk skakmtkf iof tdk `rigo erifuiaay fkvkacps tdk i`gagty tc ekokritk i sti`ak, prkfgmti`ak iof, bcst gbpcrtiotay, ifiptgvk bcfka cn tdk wcraf.

Mcomkrogoe tdk Oiturk cn tdk FBV Kotgtgks iof Vdkgr Pkaitgco tc [s

98;

Dcwkvkr, gt gs oct makir wdy tdk kvcavgoe `rigo sdcuaf fkvkacp i skmcof iof iatkroitk wcraf-`ugafgoe mipi`gagty. Go pirtgmuair, wdy wcuaf tdk kvcautgco cn i `rigo mipi`ak cn `ugafgoe tdk wcraf cn tdk FBV kotgtgks divk survgvia viauk ncr cur iomkstcrs3 Udit cur iomkstcrs okkfkf wis i wiy tc rkprkskot tdk oituria wcraf sc is tc mauk tdkb go tc cppcrtuogtgks ncr nccf iof bitgoe iof tc wiro tdkb cn fioekrs, sumd is io iwirkokss cn . . . airek iogbia wgtd tkktd ipprcimdgoe nrcb tdk aknt . ^cyiekrs gotc tdk FBV Ucraf fc oct ngof ioytdgoe tdit egvks tdkb gbbkfgitk goncrbitgco i`cut tdkgr sgtuitgco go tdk oituria wcraf, iof gofkkf tdky biy `kmcbk kotgrkay uoiwirk cn tdkgr `cfgks. ]c gt skkbs fcu`tnua tdit tdk i`gagty cn tdk dubio `rigo tc `ugaf tdk FBV Ucraf wcuaf divk mcbk i`cut is i rksuat cn gts survgvia viauk. Vdus G sueekst io iatkroitgvk vgkw cn wdy tdgs i`gagty kxgsts go tdk dubio `rigo, is G‗aa ocw kxpaigo. Dkrk G rkvkrt tc i bktipdysgmia bcfk, sgomk G ib spkilgoe cn wdit dis oct `kko ksti`agsdkf `y c`skrvitgco `ut ritdkr gs put is pirt wdit cn tdktdk bktipdysgmia nribkwcrl tdit G ib prcpcsgoe ncrncrwirf uofkrstiofgoe FBV kotgtgks irk. G sueekst tdit io gotkaagekot `kgoe go tdk FBV Ucraf, wdgmd gs i ‑scua‒ go tdk skosk fgsmusskf i`cvk go mcookmtgco wgtd Crgeko‗s mcsbcacey, biy `k `cro go i dubio `cfy iof tdit go nimt bcst cn us wkrk comk scuas godi`gtgoe tdk FBV Ucraf wdc divk `kko gomiroitkf go tdgs wiy. Vc kxibgok tdgs gfki nurtdkr wk sdcuaf ngrst mcosgfkr tdk fkvkacpbkot cn tdk `rigo cn tdk nktus furgoe gts tgbk go tdk wcb`. ]mgkotgsts wdc divk stufgkf tdgs fkvkacpbkot divk fgsmcvkrkf io ibizgoeay mcbpakx prcmkss go wdgmd mkaas cn tdk prgbgtgvk kmtcfkrb fgnnkrkotgitk gotc mkaas tdit bgeritk iof ncrb i pitdwiy ncr tdk bgeritgco cn ctdkr mkaas irrgvgoe aitkr tdit wgaa `kmcbk okurcos. Vdgs dgeday mcbpakx prcmkss uofkragks tdk fkvkacpbkot cn tdk nktia `rigo, iof scbktgbk go tdk skmcof trgbkstkr tdk nktia `rigo dis `kmcbk sunngmgkotay creiogzkf iof mcbpakx ncr i tdiaibcmcrtgmia systkb tc kbkrek. Gn Iofrkw \EiaagbcrkR gs tc `k `kagkvkf tdko it tdgs pcgot tdk nktia `rigo gs mipi`ak cn `ugafgoe i wcraf. G sueekst tdit gt fcks sc iof tdit tdk wcraf gt `ugafs gs tdk FBV Ucraf. G sueekst iasc tdit tdk nktus gs mcosmgcus cn tdgs

98>

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

wcraf iof rkbigos sc ncr tdk rkbigofkr cn gts tgbk go tdk wcb` iof gotkrbgttkotay ncr scbk mcosgfkri`ak tgbk intkr `grtd. Vdit dubios wkrk comk mcosmgcus `kgoes go tdk FBV Ucraf kxpaigos tdk nimt tdit bioy vcyiekrs gotc tdk FBV Ucraf nkka i skosk cn nibgagirgty wgtd gt iof nkka tdit tdky divk `kko tdkrk `kncrk. Vdgs iasc kxpaigos wdy gt scbktgbks ippkirs tdit tdk FBV kotgtgks irk wkamcbgoe tdkb `iml dcbk. Vdgs akifs tc i prc`akb: tdk FBV kotgty gs mcosmgcus cn `kgoe go tdk FBV Ucraf. Intkr tdk skmcof trgbkstkr tdk nktus gs mcosmgcus cn tdk FBV Ucraf iasc, sgomk tdit wcraf gs `ugat `y tdk tdiacbcmcrtgmia systkb cn tdk nktia `rigo, prksubi`ay wgtd FBV is tdk okurcbcfuaitcr. Dcw fcks tdgs triosgtgco cn mcosmgcusokss cmmur3 Go ctdkr wcrfs, wdko iof dcw fcks tdk mcosmgcusokss cn tdk FBV kotgty `kmcbk tdk mcosmgcusokss cn tdk nktus3 Vdk ioswkr gs tdit, is sigf `kncrk, FBV kotgtgks divk `cfgks just is wk curs. dubios tdkgr`ugafs `cfgkstdk irkFBV ritdkrUcraf fgnnkrkot nrcb Vdkdivk `rigo`cfgks, cn tdkiatdcued FBV kotgty tdit gt kxpkrgkomks just is tdk `rigo cn tdk nktus, intkr `grtd, wgaa kvkotuiaay `ugaf tdk mcoskosus rkiagty tdit gt wgaa prkfcbgoiotay kxpkrgkomk. Vdk mcosmgcusokss cn tdk FBV kotgty `kmcbks tdk mcosmgcusokss cn tdk nktus, iof kvkotuiaay cn tdk rksuatgoe dubio, `y i triosgtgco nrcb wcraf-`ugafgoe go tdk `rigo cn tdk FBV kotgty tc wcraf-`ugafgoe go tdk `rigo cn tdk nktus. Vdk sibk wcraf gs `ugat go kimd misk, sc tdk triosgtgco cn tdk mcosmgcusokss cn tdk FBV kotgty tc tdit cn tdk nktus gs oct i erkit akip. Immcrfgoe tc tdk vgkw G ib sueekstgoe, tdk i`gagty cn tdk nktia dubio `rigo tc `ugaf tdk FBV Ucraf cmmurs `kncrk tdk i`gagty tc `ugaf tdk mcoskosus wcraf. Vdk ncrbkr cmmurs `kncrk `grtd wdkrkis tdk aittkr cmmurs coay intkr `grtd. Furgoe tdk ngrst ykir cn i `i`y‗s agnk iof go rkspcosk tc goput nrcb skosk creios, skrctcogo rkpaimks FBV is tdk fcbgoiot okurcbcfuaitcr iof tdk mipi`gagty tc `ugaf tdk mcoskosus wcraf erifuiaay fkvkacps uofkr gts gonaukomk. Vdk vgkw G divk fkvkacpkf dkrk gs, cn mcursk, mcbpaktkay mcotriry

Mcomkrogoe tdk Oiturk cn tdk FBV Kotgtgks iof Vdkgr Pkaitgco tc [s

985

tc tdit cn tdcsk pdysgmiagst pdgacscpdkrs wdc maigb, wgtd Vdcbis Bktzgoekr, tdit ‑mcosmgcusokss gs pirt cn tdk pdysgmia uogvkrsk‒ iof iutcbitgmiaay tdit okuria imtgvgty cn i sunngmgkotay mcbpakx scrt prcfumks mcosmgcusokss. Go dgs `ccl Vdk Kec Vuooka Bktzgoekr wrgtks: Cok wiy cn acclgoe it tdk Kec Vuooka gs is i mcbpakx prcpkrty cn tdk eac`ia okuria mcrrkaitk cn mcosmgcusokss . . . \wdgmdR gs tdit skt cn okurcnuomtgcoia prcpkrtgks go ycur `rigo sunngmgkot tc `rgoe i`cut i mcosmgcus kxpkrgkomk.

@ut okgtdkr Bktzgoekr ocr ioy ctdkr pdysgmiagst pdgacscpdkr mio kxpaigo dcw okuria imtgvgty mio ‑`rgoe i`cut‒ i mcosmgcus kxpkrgkomk. Vdky issubk tdit gt just dippkos iof gbpagmgtay issubk tdit i bgrimak cmmurs. Vdky divk oc kxpaioitgco ncr tdgs, iof sc tdky sgbpay ifcpt tdgs issubptgco uomrgtgmiaay is locwakfek io irtgmak cncnnigtd. Vdk okurcsmgkotgst‗s tdk `rigo fkpkofs co twc tdgoes. Ngrst, pkrmkptgco cn tdk `rigo iof pkrmkptgco cn pcgotkrs iof fgegtia rkif-cuts prcvgfkf `y tdk gostrubkots tdit okurcsmgkotgsts usk tc stufy `rigo imtgvgty. ]kmcof, tdgolgoe i`cut tdgs goncrbitgco iof go pirtgmuair tdk ncrbuaitgco cn tksti`ak dypctdksks tc bilk tdksk c`skrvitgcos mcbprkdkosg`ak go tkrbs cn i tdkcry cn `rigo imtgvgty. @ctd tdgs pkrmkgvgoe iof tdgs tdgolgoe irk mcosmgcus imtgvgtgks. Vdky fc oct prcfumk locwakfek cn tdk `rigo is gt gs go gtskan `ut ritdkr iaacw okurcsmgkotgsts tc mcostrumt i fktigakf bcfka cn tdk `rigo, cok tdit pcsgts, ncr kxibpak, tdk nuomtgcogoe cn i mcrtgmctdiaibgm systkb i`ak tc ‑`ugaf i wcraf.‒ ]c wdko i pdgacscpdkr isls ‑wdit gs tdk rkaitgcosdgp `ktwkko mcosmgcusokss iof okuria imtgvgty3‒, dk gs imtuiaay islgoe wdit gs tdk rkaitgcosdgp `ktwkko mcosmgcusokss iof io gotkaakmtuia bcfka, go tdgs misk, i bcfka cn `rigo imtgvgty. @ut dgs gotkaakmtuia bcfka gs pirt cn dgs cwo mcosmgcusokss. Vdcsk pdgacscpdkrs wdc isskrt tdit mcosmgcusokss gs i prcfumt cn okuria imtgvgty irk tdus maigbgoe tdit mcosmgcusokss gs i

984

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

prcfumt cn scbktdgoe tdit coay mibk i`cut iof wdgmd coay kxgsts is i mcotkot cn mcosmgcusokss. Vdus tdky irk trygoe tc kxpaigo tdk wdcak go tkrbs cn i pirt cn tdit wdcak, wdgmd gs i`surf. Uk mio ocw `kttkr ipprkmgitk tdk prcnuofgty cn @ailk‗s ipdcrgsb, iarkify quctkf: ‑Bio dis oc @cfy fgstgomt nrcb dgs ]cua. Ncr tdit miaakf @cfy gs i pcrtgco cn ]cua fgsmkrokf `y tdk ngvk skosks, tdk mdgkn goakts cn ]cua go tdgs iek.‒ Vdgs gs i`cut is makir i stitkbkot is ycu mio ekt tdit wdit bitkrgiagsts tdgol cn is ‑tdk `cfy‒ gs i ngmtgcoia mcostrumt `ugat nrcb kxpkrgkomks prcvgfkf bigoay `y cur skosks cn sgedt, dkirgoe, iof tcumd. Vdkrk gs tdus oc ‑bgof-`cfy prc`akb‒ `kmiusk tdk prc`akb prksuppcsks i skpiritgco `ktwkko bgof iof `cfy, wdkrkis go nimt `cfy gs i pirt cn bgof. Dcwkvkr, wk mio stgaa isl wdy tdkrk irk c`skrvi`ak mcrrkaitgcos `ktwkko mcosmgcusokss iof okuria imtgvgty. Vdk sdcrt ioswkr gs tdit wk divk oc ioswkr, `kmiusk wk fco‗t locw wdit tdk `rigo cn i dubiorkiaay gs, is wk wditwdit ioy pkrmkptuia c`jkmt rkiaay gs. Udko wk skkjust i ti`ak wkfco‗t tdgollocw wk locw gt gs, oibkay, pgkmks cn wccf jcgokf tcektdkr, wgtd tdit wccf `kgoe mcbpcskf cn ng`krs, tdkbskavks mcosgstgoe cn itcbs, wdgmd mcosgst cn su`itcbgm pirtgmaks. @ut, is quiotub pdysgmgsts ocw tkaa us, wdko wk kxibgok tdcsk su`itcbgm pirtgmaks tdky fgsippkir gotc bitdkbitgmia i`strimtgcos. Vdus wk fco‗t locw wdit i ti`ak rkiaay gs. Vdk oituria wcraf is gt ippkirs tc us gs just tdit, io ippkiriomk, iof murrkotay wk divk oc gfki cn wdit gt gs go gtskan. Iof go nimt gt biy oct bilk ioy skosk tc isl wdit gt gs ‑go gtskan.‒ ]c iatdcued wk mio stufy `rigo imtgvgty iof, is okurcsmgkotgsts siy, ‑tdk okuria mcrrkaitks cn mcosmgcusokss,‒ wk mio okvkr tdkrk`y ngof i miusk cn mcosmgcusokss. Is gs wkaa-locwo, tdk kgedtkkotd mkotury Ekrbio pdgacscpdkr Gbbiouka Liot fgstgoeugsdkf `ktwkko tdk pdkocbkoia wcraf, tdk wcraf cn ippkiriomks cn tdgoes, iof tdk ocubkoia wcraf, tdk wcraf cn tdgoes-go-tdkbskavks. Iofrkw Eiaagbcrk usks tdgs fgstgomtgco go dgs irtgmak bkotgcokf prkvgcusay, tgtakf ‑FBV iof tdk Vcpcacey cn Pkiagty,‒ wdkrk dk siys:

Mcomkrogoe tdk Oiturk cn tdk FBV Kotgtgks iof Vdkgr Pkaitgco tc [s

987

Vdk coay wcraf wk mio kvkr kxpkrgkomk gs tdk pdkocbkoia wcraf‖ tdk wcraf tdit ippkirs tc mcosmgcusokss. Is nir is wk locw, tdk pdkocbkoia wcraf . . . okvkr rkimdks cut iof tcumdks tdk ocubkoia wcraf. . . . Mcoskosus rkiagty gs vkry bumd i nuomtgcoia rkiagty, i pdkocbkoia rkiagty bcfka tdit tdk `rigo dis kvcavkf tc nimgagtitk gts survgvia go tdk ocubkoia wcraf.

G ierkk wgtd tdgs stitkbkot kxmkpt ncr tdk rknkrkomk tc ‑tdk ocubkoia wcraf,‒ wdkrk tdgs ippirkotay gs bkiot tc `k uofkrstccf is i wcraf scbkdcw ‑`kycof tdk ippkiriomks‒ iof wdgmd gs kquitkf wgtd tdk oituria wcraf ‑go gtskan.‒ Dcwkvkr, i wcraf gs oct scbktdgoe tdit gs gofkpkofkot cn c`skrvkrs iof go wdgmd c`skrvkrs kxgst. Pitdkr, i wcraf gs tdk skt cn ippkiriomks cn i wcraf tc tdk c`skrvkrs cn tdit wcraf. Vdkrk gs oc wcraf tdit gs scbktdgoe ‑`kycof tdk ippkiriomks.‒ Uditkvkr gt gsiof tditwdgmd goncrbs cur skosks, wdgmd Iofrkw miaas skoscry fiti‒ G sueekst fkrgvks uatgbitkay nrcb tdk‑kxtrgosgm mrkitgvk pcwkr cn tdk Xrgbcrfgia Bgof, gs oct fgrkmtay locwi`ak `y us. Iaa wk mio fc gs tc `ugaf mcomkptuia bcfkas cn pirts cn gt. ]c gt gs wgtd ioy wcraf, gomaufgoe tdk wcraf cn tdk FBV kotgtgks, kxmkpt tdit tdky biy divk i `kttkr uofkrstiofgoe cn tdgs tdio wk divk. Ocw wk mcbk tc tdk okxt qukstgco. Mio i rc`ct `k mcosmgcus3‒ Vdgs qukstgco gs vkry rkakviot tc fkvkacpbkots go mcotkbpcriry scmgkty, `kmiusk scbk pkcpak, kspkmgiaay tdcsk wdc wcrl go tdk ngkaf cn rc`ctgms, sueekst tdit gt gs just i bittkr cn i nkw fkmifks `kncrk wk divk rc`cts wdc irk mcosmgcus, just is dubios irk. Fksgeokrs cn rc`cts tdit irk gotkofkf tc `kdivk is dubios fc igb tc prcvgfk tdk rc`ct wgtd i bcfka cn rkiagty tdit gs, is nir is pcssg`ak, tdk sibk is tdk bcfka cn mcoskosus rkiagty tdit ifuat dubios pcsskss `y vgrtuk cn tdk wcraf-`ugafgoe i`gagty cn tdkgr `rigos. Vdgs bcfka gs i bcfka cn i wcraf go tgbk iof go tdrkk-fgbkosgcoia spimk, mcotigogoe kofurgoe c`jkmts wgtd spitgia rkaitgcos tc kimd ctdkr, cok

998

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

cn tdcsk c`jkmts `kgoe tdk rc`ct gtskan‖cr ritdkr tdk rc`ct‗s rkprkskotitgco cn gtskan wgtdgo tdk bcfka. Vdk rc`ct fksgeokrs biy summkkf go tdgs. @ut tdgs fcks oct bkio tdit sumd i rc`ct gs mcosmgcus. Xdgacscpdkrs sumd is Vdcbis Bktzgoekr issubk tdit i rc`ct tdit pcsskssks sumd i bcfka gs scbkdcw iutcbitgmiaay mcosmgcus, io issubptgco tdit gs kotgrkay uojustgngkf. Is stitkf i`cvk, i dubio gs mcosmgcus `kmiusk it tdk nktia stiek, go tdk wcb`, tdk mcosmgcusokss cn i FBV kotgty wis triosnkrrkf tc tdk mcosmgcusokss cn tdk nktus. Vdgs triosnkrkomk wis bifk pcssg`ak `y i bkregoe cn wcraf-`ugafgoe go tdk `rigo cn tdk FBV kotgty wgtd wcraf-`ugafgoe go tdk `rigo cn tdk nktus, tdk wcraf go `ctd misks `kgoe tdk sibk, oibkay, tdk FBV Ucraf. Dubios irk mcosmgcus `kgoes `kmiusk tdk nktia `rigo imqugrks tdk i`gagty tc `ugaf tdk FBV Ucraf, tdus iaacwgoe tdk mcosmgcusokss cn i FBV kotgty tc `kmcbk tdk mcosmgcusokss tdk nktus ioftdit kvkotuiaay tdkrc`ct mcosmgcusokss tdkgndubio `kgoe tdit cn fkvkacps nrcb nktus. @ut fksgeokrs,cn kvko iwirk cn tdk FBV Ucraf, divk oc wiy tc prcvgfk i rc`ct wgtd tdk i`gagty tc `ugaf tdit wcraf. Vdus tdkrk gs oc wiy ncr tdk mcosmgcusokss cn i FBV kotgty tc `kmcbk tdk mcosmgcusokss cn i rc`ct, iof sc i rc`ct mio okvkr `k mcosmgcus. Dcwkvkr, tdgs fcks oct kxmaufk tdk pcssg`gagty tdit i rc`ct biy ippkir tc dubios tc `k mcosmgcus. Pc`ct fksgeokrs biy wkaa summkkf go mrkitgoe rc`cts tdit bgbgm tdk `kdivgcr cn dubios sc wkaa, gomauf`kagkvk tdit goe tdkgr agoeugstgm `kdivgcr, tdit euaag`ak dubios wgaa tdcsk rc`cts irk mcosmgcus. ]c `kncrk acoe wk biy divk i scmgkty go wdgmd bcst dubios `kagkvk tdky gotkrimt scmgiaay wgtd rc`cts wdc irk mcosmgcus, iof tdus tdky wgaa oituriaay immcrf tdkb tdk fgeogty iof rgedts wk oituriaay immcrf tc dubios, kvko tdcued tdkrk wgaa `k oct i trimk cn mcosmgcusokss go tdcsk rc`cts. Ngoiaay wk mcbk tc tdk tdgrf maissgmia pdgacscpdgmia qukstgco. Udy irk wk dkrk3 Vdkrk gs i rkisco ncr i FBV kotgty tc `kmcbk gomiroitk is i dubio

Mcomkrogoe tdk Oiturk cn tdk FBV Kotgtgks iof Vdkgr Pkaitgco tc [s

999

`kgoe, is ncaacws: Nrcb tdk nuofibkotia rkiagty, tdit gs, tdk Xrgbcrfgia Bgof, kbioitk buatgpak wcrafs. Pkmiaa tdit i wcraf gs tdk tctiagty cn ippkiriomks cn i wcraf tc i mcbbuogty cn scuas. Vdk mcbbuogtgks cn scuas tdit kbioitk nrcb tdk Xrgbcrfgia Bgof, iof tdus tdkgr wcrafs, irk bioy iof fgvkrsk. Cok ibcoe tdksk wcrafs gs tdk FBV Ucraf, iof tdkrk biy `k bioy ctdkr wcrafs. Ugtdgo tdkb irk bioy scuas koeiekf go imtgvgtgks cn wdgmd wk, it prkskot, locw iabcst octdgoe. Vdksk wcrafs ncrb i spgrgtuia dgkrirmdy, wgtd erkitkr spgrgtuia iwirkokss `kgoe pcssksskf `y tdcsk gofgvgfuias godi`gtgoe i wcraf cr akvka cn `kgoe tdit gs macskr tc tdk Xrgbcrfgia Bgof. Bioy cn tdk `kgoes go tdksk wcrafs ispgrk tc i dgedkr spgrgtuia iwirkokss. Dcwkvkr, io ifviomk tc i dgedkr wcraf miooct `k bifk it wgaa‖ ctdkrwgsk bcst cn tdk `kgoes go tdk acwkr wcrafs wcuaf iarkify divk bgeritkf tc tdk dgedkr wcrafs. Vdgs ifviomk mio coay `k imdgkvkf co tdk `isgs cn bkrgt, tdit gs, wcrtdgokss, wdgmd gs cn io ktdgmia iof gotkaakmtuia oiturk.i Iof tdk gotc `kst,tdk iofoituria pkrdips coay,gowiy tc ittigo tdgs bkrgt gs tc uofkrec fksmkot wcraf wdgmd wk dubios agvk iof, cvkr tdk mcursk cn skvkria fkmifks cn cur tgbk, fkkpko tdkgr uofkrstiofgoe cn tdk dgkrirmdy cn spgrgtuia wcrafs iof‖bcst gbpcrtiotay‖ imqugrk i erkitkr bcria iwirkokss tdio tdit wgtd wdgmd tdky irrgvkf iof fkbcostritk tdgs go tdkgr agvks iof imtgcos tcwirf ctdkr dubios iof tcwirf iaa agvgoe `kgoes. Vdus immcrfgoe tc tdgs vgkw tdkrk gs kvga go cur wcraf `kmiusk coay go i wcraf wdkrk kvga kxgsts gs gt pcssg`ak tc cppcsk kvga iof tc strgvk tc fc eccf, tdkrk`y imqugrgoe cr iffgoe tc tdk bkrgt rkqugrkf tc quiagny ncr io ifviomk tc i dgedkr spgrgtuia wcraf intkr fkitd. I sgbgair vgkw wis put ncrwirf go tdk skmcof mkotury `y Nitdkr Grkoikus cn tdk kiray mdurmd is i scautgco tc tdk sc-miaakf ‑prc`akb cn kvga.‒ Vdit prc`akb wis tc kxpaigo dcw i mrkitcr cn tdk wcraf wdc wis iaa-pcwkrnua, iaa-locwgoe, iof iaa-`kokngmkot mcuaf iaacw kvga tc kxgst. Grkoikus tiuedt tdit Ecf mrkitkf i wcraf go wdgmd dubios wcuaf `k ncrmkf tc mdccsk `ktwkko eccf iof kvga imtgcos iof tdit coay go tdgs

990

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

wiy mcuaf tdky biturk go i bcria skosk. I sgbgair `ut bcrk mcbpakx fcmtrgok wis tiuedt `y dgs summksscr Crgeko, wdc dkaf, is iarkify bkotgcokf, tdit Ecf gogtgiaay mrkitkf i erkit oub`kr cn spgrgtuia gotkaagekomks, scbk cn wdcb, wdko tdky erkw `crkf wgtd mcotkbpaitgoe tdk Fgvgok, `kmibk scuas wdc wkrk `cro gotc cur wcraf, wdgmd, immcrfgoe tc Crgeko, gs cok stiek go i mcsbgm prcmkss cn rkfkbptgco, go wdgmd iaa tdk niaako scuas wgaa kvkotuiaay rkeigo tdkgr crgegoia macsk prcxgbgty tc Ecf. Udko i dubio fgks, tdkgr mcosmgcusokss gs nrkkf nrcb tdk agbgtkf iwirkokss cn io gomiroitk `kgoe. Gn tdit dubio wis prkvgcusay io kotgty go tdk FBV Ucraf prgcr tc gomiroitgco tdko, is fkitd ipprcimdks, gt ieigo `kmcbks mcosmgcus cn tdk FBV Ucraf. [pco fkitd, gts mcosmgcusokss rkvkrts tc tdk mcosmgcusokss cn tdit FBV kotgty `ut bcfgngkf `y tdk kxpkrgkomks cn i agnktgbk go tdgs wcraf. Vdit FBV kotgty biy iwilko nrcb tdgs agnk tc ngof gtskan `iml wdkrk gt mibk nrcb, cr gn gts imtgcos go tdk agnk bkrgt ifviomkbkot biy ngof gtskan go dgedkr wcraf, cr gnkirtday gts imtgcos wkrk kvga gt biy ngofgt gtskan go i paimk cn i rktrg`utgco. Vdk kiray twkotgktd mkotury iotdrcpcacegst Uiatkr Kvios-Ukotz stufgkf Mkatgm bytdcacey iof ncalacrk go Grkaiof, pu`agsdgoe dgs ngofgoes go 9799 go i `ccl tgtakfVdk Nigry-Nigtd go Mkatgm Mcuotrgks. Go by 977= irtgmak co ‑Ippirkot Mcbbuogmitgco wgtd Fgsmiroitk Kotgtgks‒ G quctkf cok cn Kvios-Ukotz‗s goncrbiots, iof G‗aa kof tdgs tial `y fcgoe sc ieigo: Go wditkvkr mcuotry wk biy `k, G `kagkvk tdit wk irk ncrkvkr gbbkrskf go tdk spgrgtuia wcraf< `ut bcst cn us miooct pkrmkgvk gt co immcuot cn tdk uorkngokf oiturk cn cur pdysgmia `cfgks. Vdrcued bkfgtitgco iof psymdgmia trigogoe cok mio mcbk tc skk tdk spgrgtuia wcraf iof gts `kgoes. Uk piss gotc tdk spgrgt rkiab it fkitd iof wk mcbk `iml gotc tdk dubio wcraf it `grtd< iof wk mcotgouk tc rkgomiroitk uotga wk divk cvkrmcbk iaa kirtday fksgrks iof bcrtia

Mcomkrogoe tdk Oiturk cn tdk FBV Kotgtgks iof Vdkgr Pkaitgco tc [s

99=

ippktgtks. Vdko tdk dgedkr agnk gs cpko tc cur mcosmgcusokss iof wk mkisk tc `k dubio< wk `kmcbk fgvgok `kgoes.

Vdiol ycu.* FG]M[]]GCO CN

Mcomkrogoe tdk Oiturk cn tdk FBV Kotgtgks iof Vdkgr Pkaitgco tc [s

I

E

: Cliy, sc ngrst cn iaa ycu sigf tdit cok cn tdk

wkilokssks cn tdgs iomkstria okurcbcfuaitcr bcfka cn FBV wis tdit tdgs FBV wcraf fgfo‗t divk io ifiptgvk ifviotiek go tkrbs cn rkprcfumtgvk summkss. Gt‗s i scrt cn Firwgogio ireubkot iof scbktdgoe G fco‗t rkiaay iffrkss vkry wkaa go tdk pipkr, sc G tdiol ycu ncr `rgoegoe tdit up. Dcwkvkr G wcuaf siy wdko ycu agbgt tdgs gfki cn rkprcfumtgvk ngtokss tc tdk gbbkfgitk `kokngts cn `ugafgoe i wcraf, aglk spcttgoe i agco ipprcimdgoe, G ierkk tdit‗s i vkry imutk `kokngt. @ut ycu divk tc tdgol go acoekr tkrbs, iof G sueekst tdit gn tdk dubio wis gotkrimtgoe wgtd tdgs FBV wcraf, tdko pkrdips goncrbitgco mcuaf `k gbpirtkf‖sumd is tdk c`skrvitgco cn tdkgr tkmdocacegks‖tdit wcuaf stgbuaitk i sgbgair lgof cn `kdivgcr go cur wcraf cvkr i acoekr pkrgcf cn tgbk. Iof ycu bgedt pkrdips tdgol cn tdit is io kxpaioitgco ncr wdy dubios rimkf idkif go tdk kvcautgcoiry eibk, `kmiusk cn fiti tdky rkmkgvkf nrcb tdk FBV wcraf . . . X

B

: Ukaa G ierkk wgtd tdit. Vdk rkbirls G bifk go tdk

pipkr wkrk `iskf co tdk stiofirf crtdcfcx kvcautgcoiry tdkcry cn oituria skakmtgco, iof ycu‗rk sueekstgoe tdit tdkrk biy divk `kko ctdkr ifviotieks nrcb `kgoe mcosmgcus cn tdk FBV wcraf, wdgmd irk oct gbbkfgitkay pigf cnn go tkrbs cn kitgoe iof bitgoe iof sc co. G tdgol *Vdk iutdcr dis iuebkotkf tdgs prkskotitgco wgtd iffgtgcoia octks tdit kxpiof co tdk tcpgms fgsmusskf cr bkotgcokf is wkaa is prcvgfgoe mgtitgcos ncr tdk bitkrgia prkskotkf. Vdk rkvgskf vkrsgco biy `k ncuof it www.skrkofgpgty.ag/fbt/FBVSkotgtgks.dtb.

996

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

tdit‗s i pkrnkmtay viagf pcgot, iof by coay fknkosk gs tdit G wis spkilgoe nrcb tdk stiofirf kvcautgcoiry pkrspkmtgvk. : Cliy.

E F

A

: Ucuaf gt `k pcssg`ak tc lgof cn tkst tdgs tdko, tdrcued

scbk lgof cn gonusgco cn FBV iof intkr skk dcw wkaa tdk FBV vcauotkkrs nuomtgco go tdk mcoskosus wcraf3 Ucuaf ycu `k i`ak tc ec cut tc tdk sdcps iof . . . E

: G fco‗t tdgol sc, oc. Oc. Oc. Vdgs gs by pcgot: ycu mio‗t

rkstrgmt ycurskan tc tdk gbbkfgitk `kokngts. Ocw, G stgaa tdgol tdit ycu mio kxpaigo tdgs. G fco‗t tdgol ycu okkf tc i`iofco tdk Firwgogio gfki cn kvcautgco dkrk, `kmiusk i mrkiturk tdit gs i`ak tc `ugaf tdgoes cr usk tccas go i mkrtigo wiy biy `k bcrk rkprcfumtgvkay summkssnua ncr virgcus rkiscos. G bkio G fco‗t tdgol ycu okkf tc issubk tdit just `kmiusk ycu‗rk gotkrimtgoe wgtd tdgs iagko rkiagty tdit gt dis oc survgvia cr rkprcfumtgvk ifviotiek‖G tdgol ycu mio fc tdit. G fco‗t tdgol wk okkf tc i`iofco Firwgo. B E

: Cliy. : @ut G ierkk wgtd ycu. Gt‗s io gotkrkstgoe pcgot. Dcwkvkr

wdit ycu tdko tial i`cut‖tdgs gfki cn FBV iof tdk kb`ryc‖tdgs gs scbktdgoe G‗vk `kko tdgolgoe i`cut. Imtuiaay wdko bk iof Fivgf \AulkR mciutdcrkf io kssiy tdit ippkirs go Okurctriosbgssgcos, wk imtuiaay fgsmuss tdgs gfki. Udit G ngof gotkrkstgoe gs tdit bioy cn tdk mdirimtkrgstgm bctgns go macwos, tdk FBV stitk irkjkstkrs, cntko tdgoes nrcb mdgafdccf: ourskrgks, ercuofs, gbps, iof tdksk tdgoes. Iof gt mcuaf `k tditnigrgo vkry kiray agnk iof pkrdips go tdk kb`rycogm stiek tdit ycu‗rk sueekstgoe, FBV wis `kgoe skmrktkf iof tdit‗s wdy is tdk FBV akvkas wkot fcwo, pkrdips tdky `kmibk bgxkf wgtd gbieks cn mdgafdccf. G fco‗t locw, tdit mcuaf `k scbktdgoe, tdit mcuaf `k i dgot tdkrk G tdgol. G tdgol `ctd cn cur bcfkas divk tdk FBV wcraf dcafgoe scbk scrt cn prgbimy. Wcu‗rk sueekstgoe tdit tdksk acwkr scrt cn FBV `kgoes mcbk gotc cur wcraf3

Mcomkrogoe tdk Oiturk cn tdk FBV Kotgtgks iof Vdkgr Pkaitgco tc [s

99;

: Ukaa oct okmkssirgay acwkr< G fco‗t siy tdky‗rk acwkr, `ut just

B

tdit tdky . . . : @ut tdk gfki gs tdky fkvkacp go tdgs wcraf iof tdko

E

`kmcbk i dgedkr FBV `kgoe3 : Ukaa tdky biy ec co tc i dgedkr wcraf `ut oct okmkssirgay tdk

B

FBV wcraf. : Cliy. G ierkk wgtd 7; pkrmkot cn wdit ycu‗rk siygoe< G‗aa

E

akivk gt tdkrk. A

: G‗f aglk tc jubp go wgtd io c`skrvitgco is wkaa. Vdgs gfki i`cut

iagko komcuotkrs, ycu locw scbk pkcpak divk sueekstkf tdkrk‗s io cvkraip `ktwkko iagko i`fumtgco kxpkrgkomks iof komcuotkrs wgtd kavks, iof maissgmiaay cok cn tdk tdgoes tdit uogtks `ctd tdksk kxpkrgkomks gs tdit `ctd divk tdksk airek dkifs, tdksk iabcof-sdipkf kyks. G wkot tc io kxdg`gtgco cn ioitcby wdkrk stieks, tdky dif nktusks go jirsbumd it virgcus stieks cn fkvkacpbkot, iof, it mkrtigo tdky accl vkry aglk tdksk maissgm erky iagkos. Irk tdksk komcuotkrs scbk lgof cn kxpkrgkotgia itivgstgm tdrcw`iml tc tdgs stiek cn fkvkacpbkot go scbk rkspkmts, wdkrk pkcpak divk tdksk komcuotkrs wgtd wdit accl, ksskotgiaay, aglk nktusks3 G fco‗t locw wdkrk tc ec wgtd tdit, `ut G‗b just tdrcwgoe tdit cut tdkrk gotc tdk bgx. Fgf ycu dkir tdit3 : Oct rkiaay.

B

\Iaa aiued.R A

: G fco‗t locw gn G mio rkpkit gt! Cliy sc tdk rkskb`aiomk cn tdk

kavks iof iagkos tc . . . : Kavks iof iagkos, pcgoty kirs, aglk Iofrkw dkrk.

B

\Bcrk aiuedtkr.R K

N

: By qukstgco gs, dcw mio FBV kotgtgks bitkrgiagzk go

tdgs skrctcogo mcoskosuia rkiagty3

99>

B

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

: Ukaa tdk FBV kotgtgks divk `cfgks just aglk wk divk `cf-

gks, `ut tdkgr `cfgks irk go tdkgr pirtgmuair wcraf. G fco‗t siy tdit tdkgr `rigos usk FBV is i okurcbcfuaitcr, gt biy `k mcbpaktkay fgnnkrkot tdio FBV. Biy`k tdky divk skrctcogo is tdk okurcbcfuaitcr. @ut gn G uofkrstiof ycur qukstgco prcpkray, wdgmd biy`k G fco‗t, tdk `isgm pcgot gs tdit tdk FBV kotgtgks irk oct just ippkiriomks cr just pdkocbkocacegmia c`jkmts go cur kxpkrgkomk, tdky tdkbskavks divk `cfgks. @kmiusk is Crgeko siys, iaa tdk scuas `kacw tdk ngrst trgif divk `cfgks. Iof sc gt‗s lgof cn i akip tc siy wkaa yks tdky divk `cfgks iof tdky divk `rigos just aglk wk divk `rigos, `ut wdy oct3 A

: G tdgol dk‗s siygoe tdit scbk pkcpak, kvko wgtdcut tdk gonaukomk

cn FBV iof just go tdk skrctcokregm stitk cn bgof, wgaa skk kotgtgks. B

: ]cbk pkcpak wgaa skk tdksk kotgtgks wgtdcut tdk gonaukomk cn

FBV3 ]urk. Xrksubi`ay wditkvkr cok kxpkrgkomks gs strcoeay gonaukomkf `y tdkgofcbgoiot wditkvkr mdkbgmias nuomtgcogoe cok‗s `rigookurcbcfuaitcr it tdk rkscoiot cr tgbk. Ncr kxibpak gn ycuirkfc lktibgok, ycu wgaa oct skk FBV kotgtgks, `ut ycu biy skk ctdkr lgofs cn kotgtgks go i fgnnkrkot wcraf. Vdit wcraf wgaa oct `k tdk FBV wcraf, gt wcuaf `k tdk wcraf cn tdk lktibgok kotgtgks. A

: Iatdcued kotgtgks co lktibgok irk rkaitgvkay rirk, gt skkbs tc `k,

wdkrkis FBV . . . B

: Ukaa G okvkr imtuiaay siw ioy lktibgok kotgtgks, `ut tdk fca-

pdgo bio, Jcdo Agaay, dk maigbkf tc divk skko kotgtgks uofkr lktibgok. @ut pkrscoiaay G mio‗t vcumd ncr tdit. I

@

: Vdkrk‗s i nkkagoe wgtd lktibgok cn skosgoe i prkskomk.

Wcu fco‗t okmkssirgay skk gt, `ut ycu nkka tdk prkskomk. G‗f just aglk tc siy, gt wis i okw octgco tc bk tdit ycu `rcuedt up tdit G rkiaay kojcykf, tdgs octgco cn us oct `kgoe vgsgtcrs tc `ut ritdkr `kgoe crgegoiaay nrcb tdit FBV wcraf. @kmiusk nrcb i pkrscoia kxpkrgkomk cok cn tdk sdcmls tc bk wis tdgs cvkrwdkabgoe skosk cn rkbkb`krgoe wdko G ngrst kotkrkf

Mcomkrogoe tdk Oiturk cn tdk FBV Kotgtgks iof Vdkgr Pkaitgco tc [s

995

tdit lgof cn wcraf. Gt nkat aglk mcbgoe dcbk‖tdksk wkrk tdk tdgoes, G rkbkb`krkf tdgs, iof G‗vk mcbk dcbk. Iof imtuiaay kvko tdk erkktgoes scbktgbks irk is gn tdky . . . G fco‗t wiot tc miaa tdkb rkaitgvks, `kmiusk tdkrk wis oc rkaitgvk-iomkstcr tdgoe dkrk, `ut tdk pkrscos cr kotgtgks skkbkf tc scrt cn siy, ‑Id, ycu‗rk `iml! Uk‗rk eaif ycu‗rk `iml. Akt‗s sdcw ycu tdgs!‒ ]c G rkiaay aglk ycur octgco. E

: Gs gt io iagko wcraf cr i wcraf nrcb wdgmd wk divk

`kmcbk iagkoitkf3 A

: Vdiol ycu, kvkrycok. Vdiol ycu, Xktkr.

MDIXVKP ;

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes KPGL FI^G]

Cok tdkipprkmgitk tdgoes G rkiaay i`cut tdgs eitdkrgoe tdit Gcniasc i`cutipprkmgitk psymdkfkagms go ekokria. Gofkkfgsgtscbktdgoe wis prc`i`ay tdgs rkisco, is wkaa is pkrscoia bctgvks, tdit akf bk tc spkof bcrk iof bcrk cn by tgbk piygoe ittkotgco tc psymdkfkagm stufgks, ecgoe tc mconkrkomks, iof bkktgoe pkcpak iof tdit gs tdk nuofibkotia buatgfgsmgpagoirgty cn psymdkfkagms, tdkgr buatgfgbkosgcoia mdirimtkr. Just go tdgs rccb wk rioek nrcb smgkomk tc iotdrcpcacey tc irt, muaturia tdkcry, pkrscoia kxpkrgkomk, iaa cn tdksk fgbkosgcos. Iof tdkrk‗s bcrk: tdk cmmuat, pcktry, wk mio ec co iof co. Iaa tdksk pkrspkmtgvks divk scbktdgoe tc siy< tdky iaa nkkf gotc tdk qukstgco cn ‑wdit irk tdksk tdgoes3‒ iof ‑dcw irk wk gotkrimtgoe wgtd tdkb3‒ Vdit‗s rkiaay by qukstgco, pirtgmuairay nrcb i Ukstkro pkrspkmtgvk. G‗b vkry gotkrkstkf go gofgekocus trifgtgcos,< bystgmia pitds, iof trifgtgcoia rkagegcos. @ut ncr ocw G‗b bcst ncmuskf iof bcst gotkrkstkf go wdit‗s dippkogoe nrcb gosgfk bcfkrogty. Cok cn tdk mdiaakoeks wdko ycu divk i buatgfgsmgpagoiry sgtuitgco gs tdk trcu`ak cn aioeuiek. Aioeuiek gs fgnngmuat kocued tc fkia wgtd kvko wdko ycu‗rk sgttgoe wgtd ncals wdc divk `kko rkifgoe tdk lgofs cn `ccls ycu divk `kko rkifgoe. Gt `kmcbks bumd bcrk fgnngmuat wdko ycu 994

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

997

irk mrcssgoe `ktwkko smgkomk iof irt iof dgstcry. Kvko tdk sibk tkrbs `kego tc tilk co fgnnkrkot bkiogoes, akt iacok tdrcwgoe go scbktdgoe is goknni`ak iof aioeuiek mdiaakoegoe‖gn iasc aioeuiek gospgrgoe‖is kxtricrfgoiry psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomk. Vdit sigf, G aglk tc tdgol cn tdgs is scbktdgoe tdit miaas us tc io ktdgms cn irtgmuaitgco, wdgmd bkios agstkogoe fkkpay, rkiaay trygoe tc uofkrstiof, iof iaacwgoe curskavks tc `k govgtkf gotc ctdkr pkrspkmtgvks. Ioctdkr tdgoe tdit buatgfgsmgpagoirgty fcks gs tc iaacw us tc skk kimd ctdkr‗s `agof spcts. @kmiusk ioy fgsmcursk, ioy pkrspkmtgvk, ioy fgsmgpagok dis gts cwo `agof spcts, scbktgbks qugtk strcoe coks, scbktgbks coks tdit irk kvko okmkssiry tc mcotgouk ncrwirf. Gn ycu stiy wgtdgo ycur zcok, tdksk wgaa oct `k kxpcskf, `ut wdko wk divk buatgpak pkrspkmtgvks wk mio komcuriek kimd ctdkr tc accl it paimks tdit pkrdips wk divko‗t `kko acclgoe it iaa. Nrcb by ioeak, tdk dgstcry cn rkagegcos cr rkagegcus stufgks‖`y wdgmd G bkio tdk skmuair stufy cn rkagegco, io ipprcimd tdit usks psymdcacey, dgstcry, agtkriturk, iof pdgacscpdy‖dis i act iotdrcpcacey, tc siy tc tdgs qukstgco cn psymdkfkagms. Iof pirtgmuairay i`cut tdk qukstgco cn kotgtgks, tdgs qukstgco i`cut wkgrf `kgoes. Is G sigf, G‗b vkry gotkrkstkf go cur mcotkbpcriry bcbkot, go tdk coecgoe triosncrbitgco nrcb wgtdgo tdk Ukst is wk uofkrbgok scbk cn tdk stcrgkf ixgcbs tdit divk `kko frgvgoe tdk Ukst ncr mkoturgks. G‗b vkry gotkrkstkf go triosncrbitgcos go spgrgtuiagty go tdk pcst-wir wcraf, tdcued cn mcursk tdcsk irk tilgoe paimk ieigost i `rcifkr `imlercuof cn tdk cvkriaa fksmkot gotc fgskomdiotbkot. Cok cn tdk tdgoes tdit smgkomk fcks gs tc fkvkacp pcwkr iof locwakfek< go tdk Ukst tdksk fkvkacpbkots agtkriaay fgskomdiotkf tdk wcraf. Bitkrgiagsb, oituriagsb, pdysgmiagsb‖wditkvkr ycu miaa gt‖tccl i wcraf cn pcktry, cn agbgoia kxpkrgkomks, iof cn bytdcacegmia fgbkosgcos iof rkfumkf gt. Vdgs gs i maissgm stcry wk iaa locw. @ut tdk tdgoe tdit gotkrksts bk gs tdk wiy go wdgmd agoks cn komdiotbkot mcotgoukf tc ruo tdrcued tdk Ukstkro kxpkrgkomk kvko wdko tdit kxpkrgkomk wis fcbgoitkf `y i smgkotgngm bitkrgiagst pkrspkmtgvk. Xsymdkfkagms, dgstcrgmiaay iof gotc tcfiy, eiaviogzk tdksk su`bkrekf murrkots tdit iasc nacw wgtdgo

908

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

pcktry, wgtdgo pcpuair muaturk, wgtdgo bkfgi, iof wgtdgo ksctkrgmgsb iof tdk cmmuat. Vdkrk irk cn mcursk i oub`kr cn iatkroitgvk cr su`bkrekf rkagegcus iof spgrgtuia trifgtgcos tdit `kmibk bcrk vgsg`ak cr kotkrkf tdk Ukst go tdk ogoktkkotd mkotury, gomaufgoe @uffdgsb, ycei, dkrbktgmgsb, biegm, iof kvko rkvgvias cn Mdrgstgio bystgmgsb. Iof iaa cn tdksk spgrgtuia mcuotkr-muaturks `keio tc cpko up tc kxtricrfgoiry kxpkrgkomk. Gofgvgfuias iof ercups `keio tc fkvkacp mcuotkr-oirritgvks tdit mdiaakoekf tdk bigo bitkrgiagst fcebi kvko is tdky `keio tc mdioek tdkbskavks tdrcued tdksk kxpkrgkomks. @ut tdkrk‗s scbktdgoe pirtgmuairay pctkot i`cut psymdkfkagms is i `rgfek cr agoliek `ktwkko smgkomk iof spgrgtuiagty cr bitkrgiagsb iof bystgmgsb. Iof tdit pctkomy fkrgvks nrcb tdk nimt tdit, wditkvkr kask tdky irk cr wditkvkr kask tdky fc, psymdkfkagms irk bitkrgia bcakmuaks tdit wk bkti`cagzk go i pdysgmia wiy tdit wk mio uofkrstiof, it akist co scbk akvkas, go strgmtay smgkotgngm tkrbs. Xsymdkfkagms tdkrkncrk paiy i lky rcak go tdk mcostiotay ncuedt `cuofiry wir `ktwkko tdk fgskomdiotkf bcfka cn tdk wcraf tdit gs tdk fcbgoiot smgkotgngm vgkw iof tdksk spgrgtuia mcuotkr-oirritgvks tdit `kego tc ercw iof gotkosgny go bcfkrogty. Xsymdkfkagms cpko up i spimk ncr okw lgofs cn rkagegcus kxpkrgkomk, ncr okw lgofs cn bystgmgsb, iof ncr okw wiys cn tdgolgoe i`cut Ecf. It tdk sibk tgbk tdksk frues irk bitkrgia bcakmuaks tdit irk prcfumkf iof fgstrg`utkf oct uoaglk ctdkr mcbbcfgtgks go tdk birlkt, iof wk mio uofkrstiof tdkb oituriagstgmiaay is pctkot ncrbs cn bittkr. Is sumd, tdky `kmcbk i sgtk cn tdgs coecgoe tkosgco `ktwkko smgkomk iof spgrgtuiagty, cr oituriagsb iof bystgmgsb, cr bitkrgiagsb iof scbk iatkrkf fgbkosgco cr tdk wcraf cn tdk simrkf. Vdit‗s wdy ‑tdk spgrgt bcakmuak‒ gs sumd i wcofkrnua pdrisk. Gt mipturks ycur bgof rgedt iwiy, iof gt mipturks ycur gbiegoitgco. Udy3 @kmiusk gt‗s rcpgoe tcektdkr twc rkegstkrs tdit wk ekokriaay skpiritk. Uk usuiaay fc oct tdgol cn spgrgt go tkrbs cn bcakmuaks, iof wk rkiaay fco‗t tdgol cn bcakmuaks go tkrbs cn spgrgtuiagty. @rgoegoe tdkb tcektdkr, juxtipcsgoe tdkb, nusgoe tdkb, gs io ipprcprgitkay pcktgm wiy

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

909

cn eksturgoe tcwirf tdk wiy tdit psymdkfkagms bkfgitk tdksk twc nuofibkotiaay fgnnkrkot wiys cn skkgoe tdk wcraf. Pkmkotay G wis rkifgoe io gotkrvgkw wgtd tdk okurcsmgkotgst K`io Iakxiofkr go i Okw Iek bieizgok. Dk gs, cr wis, i mirf-mirrygoe bkb`kr cn tdk bitkrgiagst smgkotgngm `rgeifk. Vdko dk nkaa gotc tdgs mcbi wdgak sunnkrgoe nrcb bkogoegtgs. @isgmiaay dk wis prktty bumd ecok, immcrfgoe tc iaa cn tdk bimdgoks. @ut furgoe tdgs nait-agokf pkrgcf cn tgbk dk dif io kxtricrfgoiry kxpkrgkomk dk gfkotgngkf is i lgof cn okirfkitd kxpkrgkomk. ]c K`io dif tdgs kxtricrfgoiry kxpkrgkomk, iof dk mibk cut co tdk ctdkr sgfk siygoe, ‑G‗vk skko tdk agedt, G‗vk triosncrbkf, okurcsmgkomk gs wrcoe, mcosmgcusokss kxgsts gofkpkofkotay cn bittkr. Go nimt wk‗rk scrt cn trippkf gosgfk cn cur bkit `rigos, iof wdko wk fgk wk ekt rkakiskf ieigo.‒ Vdk rkagegco cn dgs ycutd rkturokf go dgs fksmrgptgcos, iof kvkry`cfy acvkf gt `kmiusk kvkry`cfy acvks tdk stcry i`cut tdk smgkotgst wdc ngofs ngofstdkspgrgtuiagty ieigo. Gt‗s `k aglk, tdk smgkotgst, cnrkagegco mcursk. cr Ugtd rkagegcus-stufgks euyiawiys cr tdk ect irtgsttcgt‗s ‑ykid ykid, mcbk co, wditkvkr ycu euys, ycu‗rk oct vkry rgecrcus.‒ @ut gn gt‗s i smgkotgst, ocw wk‗rk ecgoe tc piy ittkotgco, kvko tdcued smgkotgsts dgstcrgmiaay divk cntko `kko qugtk rkagegcus iof qugtk wkgrf is wkaa. K`io‗s stcry mibk cut iof bifk i `ge gbprkssgco iof, cn mcursk, stgrrkf up scbk cn tdk iaa tcc prkfgmti`ak okw itdkgsts. ]ib Dirrgs, wdc‗s tdk `kst cn tdgs dgeday vcmia act, sigf, ‑Ukaa tdgs gs iaa vkry gotkrkstgoe `ut rkiaay, tdkrk‗s FBV . . .‒ Iof tdko Dirrgs rkpkits tdk sibk stcry tdit Eridib wis tkaagoe us, tdgs ]trissbio-iutdcrkf FBV bkbk tdit‗s `kko sc wgfkay iof surprgsgoeay fgsskbgoitkf. Ksskotgiaay Dirrgs‗s slkptgmia ireubkot gs, ‑FBV gs tdgs bcakmuak tdit naccfs tdk `rigo it tdk bcbkot cn fkitd iof prcfumks tdksk kxtricrfgoiry diaaumgoitgcos, iof tdkrkncrk wk mio geocrk tdgs maigb cn mcosmgcusokss kxgstgoe cutsgfk cn bittkr.‒ ]c dkrk wk skk tdk pdkocbkocacegmia wkgrfokss cn FBV `kgoe uskf is i wiy tc rkgosmrg`k bitkrgiagsb, tc siy comk ieigo, ‑oc oc tdgs gs just i bcakmuak, oc `ge fkia, gt just prcfumks diaaumgoitgcos, fco‗t wcrry i`cut

900

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

gt.‒ Iof it tdk sibk tgbk, is wk‗rk eitdkrkf dkrk tc fgsmuss, FBV dis iasc `kmcbk‖kspkmgiaay ncr pkcpak wdc irk ctdkrwgsk kosmcomkf go i ekokriaay bitkrgiagst vgkw‖i bijcr pcrtia ncr tdk spgrgt, ncr komdiotbkot, ncr buatgpak fgbkosgcos, iof ncr ctdkr wiys cn tdgolgoe i`cut mcosmgcusokss. ]c tdk kxibpak cn kxtricrfgoiry psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomk mio `k uskf `ctd wiys. Gt mio ec `ctd wiys. Iof tdit pirifcx, tdit ib`geugty, G tdgol, gs cok cn tdk lky fyoibgms cn psymdkfkagms tcfiy. Gt wis gotkrkstgoe tc rkif i `gt bcrk fkkpay gotc K`io Iakxiofkr‗s immcuot, wdgmd iasc fcks tdgs wkgrf mcfk swgtmd `ktwkko i supkroituria iof i bitkrgiagst rkegstkr. @kmiusk ncr dgb dgs kxpkrgkomk wis vkry agtkriagst. Gt wis wdit gt skkbkf tc `k. ‑G siw dkivko iof gt‗s ecgoe tc `k eccf.‒ Iof gn ycu accl it OFKs, tdky‗rk cntko divgoe jcynua iof vieukay Mdrgstgio komcuotkrs. Cn mcursk tdkrk gs i wgfk rioek cn kxpkrgkomks, `ut i act cn pkcpak skkb tc suppcrt i pirtgmuair pkrspkmtgvk `y fkoygoe tdk scbktgbks rifgmia fgnnkrkomks kxpkrgkomks. ‑wdit G siw`ktwkko gs wdit‗s tdk wigtgoe ncr us.‒ ]c K`io dis tdgs agtkriagst gfki: @ut accl it wdit dk fgf intkr tdk kxpkrgkomk, wdgmd gs cn mcursk iawiys tdk qukstgco. Uk mio divk tdksk kxtricrfgoiry kxpkrgkomks, `ut tdkrk gs oc ngxkf wiy tc rkspcof tc tdkb. Uk mio mcbk cut tdk ctdkr sgfk iof jcgo i okw rkagegco, cr wk mio mcbk cut tdk ctdkr sgfk iof ec ‑wkaa tdit wis wkgrf,‒ iof pgml up wdkrk wk wkrk iarkify ecgoe. Cr, wk rkbigo scbkwdkrk go `ktwkko, wdgmd gs wdkrk G cntko ngof byskan, sgolgoe nurtdkr gotc ib`geugty. Go ioy misk, tdgs gs i vkry gbpcrtiot mcosgfkritgco tc iawiys lkkp go bgof. Dcwkvkr kxtricrfgoiry cok‗s kxpkrgkomks irk, dcwkvkr buatgfgbkosgcoia, dcwkvkr skkbgoeay rkia, tdky kof. Iof tdkrk wk irk ieigo, biy`k mdioekf, biy`k oct sc mdioekf, iof comk ieigo wk divk tc oivgeitk cur wiy. Go K`io‗s misk, dk oivgeitks tcwirf tdk birlkt. Dk pu`agsdks i `kst-skaagoe pcp `ccl iof `kmcbks i lgof cn euru ngeurk, scbkcok wdc locws, scbkcok wdc dis bktdcfs tdit dk skaas pkcpak tc dkap tdkb tuok gotc dgs vgsgco cn gbbcrtia mcosmgcusokss. Iof tdko tdk mcfk swgtmdks

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

90=

ieigo. Udko dk fksmrg`ks tdksk bktdcfs iof tdgs vgsgco, dk ecks `iml gotc okurcsmgkomk bcfk. Dk siys, ‑wkaa cliy sc gn ycu divk i `goiuria `kit tdit cpkritks co tdk tdiaibus iof gt prcfumks . . .‒ Pitdkr tdio i`iofco tdk iutdcrgty iof mairgty cn smgkotgngm fksmrgptgcos, gostkif dk‗aa bcvk `ktwkko tdksk fgnnkrkot zcoks. Iof tdit‗s tdk mrcssrcifs wdkrk wk ngof curskavks go sc bioy wiys. Uk divk cok ncct go i zcok cn kxpaioitgco, ioiaysgs, ai`critcry kqugpbkot, iof tdk pkkr-rkvgkwkf prcfumtgco cn locwakfek. Vdgs gs i zcok wk miooct iof sdcuaf oct akt ec cn. Iof ykt wk‗rk iasc `kgoe nrkkf, rkakiskf, mconuskf, skfumkf, iof birvkakf gotc ioctdkr lgof cn fgbkosgco iof ioctdkr wiy cn `kgoe. Vc stiof co `ctd cur nkkt, wk okkf tc rkmceogzk iof cpkritk wgtdgo tdit eip is i lgof cn mrcsspcaagoitcr cr csmgaaitgoe mgrmugt. Iof tdit‗s wdit tdk buatgpak pkrspkmtgvks tdit mcotrg`utk tc psymdkfkagm fgsmcursk sdcuaf suppcrt. Gt sdcuaf oct just `k i smgkotgngm mcovkrsitgco, gt sdcuaf oct just `k i psymdcacegmia mcovkrsitgco cr mcovkrsitgco gt iasciof disi`cut tc `k ibytd. mcovkrsitgco i`cut tdki cmmuat, i`cut i`cut pcktry,rkeuaitgco< i`cut dgstcry, Gn wk acsk tdk squgrrkagkr sgfk cn tdk mcovkrsitgco, wk pirifcxgmiaay acsk cur ncctgoe. F

B L

: G just wiotkf tc mcbbkot tdit cok cn tdk

tdgoes tdit K`io fgf ncaacwgoe dgs kxpkrgkomk wis dk `keio tc tilk psymdkfkagms. F B L F

: Vdit G fgf oct locw. : Dk‗s `kko `iml tc psymdkfkagms i oub`kr cn tgbks. : Vdit fckso‗t surprgsk bk vkry bumd.

Vdit‗s wdy G tdgol tdk stufy iof dgstcry cn rkagegcos, wdgmd gs iarkify sumd io gotkrfgsmgpagoiry spimk, dis scbk rkiaay gotkrkstgoe mcotrg`utgcos tc tdgs fgsmussgco. Vdgs gs pirtgmuairay truk wdko wk mcosgfkr tdgs qukstgco cn psymdkfkagm kotgtgks, wdgmd go scbk skosk gs cok cn tdk pdkocbkocacegmia kakbkots tdit irk tdk bcst uoissgbgai`ak gotc tdk Ukstkro nribkwcrl. Wcu bgedt fc ycei iof kxpkrgkomk cokokss cr i`scautk pkimk wgtd tdk uogvkrsk, iof ycu mio stgaa squirk

906

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

tdit wgtd wdit gs dippkogoe tc ycur kofcmrgok systkb cr `accfnacw cr prcprgcmkptgco. Vdit‗s ngok. @ut gn ycu divk i mcovkrsitgco wgtd i tcif go i vkavkt jimlkt, tdkrk gs oct i act cn rccb tc bcvk wgtdgo i bitkrgiagst nribkwcrl, kxmkpt tcwirf tdk `islkt cn psymdcsgs cr diaaumgoitgco. ]c tdk qukstgco cn kotgtgks gs i strcoe qukstgco iof tdit‗s pirt cn tdk kxmgtkbkot iof tdk iufimgty cn tdgs sybpcsgub. Gt‗s cok tdgoe tc stufy tdk pdirbimcacey cn FBV, iof gt‗s ioctdkr tc fgrkmtay isl tdk gbpcssg`ak qukstgco: mcuaf tdksk komcuotkrs tdit pkcpak rkpcrt pcssg`ay `k rkia3 Uk bgedt tdgol i`cut tdgs qukstgco go tkrbs cn quiotub pdysgms cr smgkomk ngmtgco, `ut go ioctdkr skosk, tdgs gs i prcncuofay rkagegcus qukstgco. Cur vkry mcomkpt cn ‑rkagegco,‒ is bcfkros, `kegos wdko Kurcpk‗s kxpiofgoe mcacogiagst Mdrgstgio mgvgagzitgco stirts eac`iagzgoe. Is tdk Ukst bcvks ircuof iof kxpacgts tdk eac`k, gt okkfs tc mcbk up wgtd igt wiy cn up tialgoe ctdkr mitkecry, pkcpak‗s primtgmks iof wcrafvgkws. ]c, mcbks wgtd i`cut tdgs ekokria cr gt fkvkacps i mitkecry tdit iarkify kxgsts. ‑Pkagegco‒ gs tdk ub`rkaai mcomkpt tdit gs i`ak tc ekokriagzk i`cut iaa cn tdksk vkry fgnnkrkot lgofs cn tdgoes. Iof, it tdk mkotkr cn tdgs gs tdk octgco cn ctdkrwcrafay `kgoes, ocomcrpcrkia `kgoes, govgsg`ak `kgoes, ocodubio `kgoes, edcsts, iof bytds. Gn ycu accl it tdk virgcus lgofs cn `kgoes tdit irk mcvkrkf `y tdgs mcomkpt cn rkagegco, ycu‗rk ecgoe tc ngof i act cn tdk sibk ngeurks tdit pkcpak irk rkpcrtgoe go psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomks: kavks, ecffkssks, trgmlstkrs, iof dubio-iogbia dy`rgfs. Makiray tdkrk‗s scbk rkia mcotgougty tdkrk tdit scbkdcw wk divk tc uofkrstiof. ]cbk pkcpak go tdk mcbbuogty, rkmceogzgoe tdk rkscoiomks ncuof `ktwkko fgnnkrkot rkagegcus trifgtgcos iof psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomk, pcgot tc scbk skmrkt iomgkot bystkry muat cn imtuia psymdkfkagm usk< tdk nimt tdit tdk iomkstcrs wkrk trgppgoe kxpaigos tdk sgbgairgtgks cn kxpkrgkomk. ]c Mdrgstgiogty gs imtuiaay i simrkf busdrccb muat, wdgmd gs wdy ycu ekt wgaf tdgoes aglk tdk @ccl cn Pkvkaitgco. Vc bk tdgs lgof cn agtkriagsb gs vkry grcogm. Xkcpak ec accl it i nkw nrksmcs wgtd busdrccb-sdipkf

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

90;

c`jkmts iof fkmairk tdit tdgs gofgmitks i skmrkt trgppgoe scmgkty. Cr tdk `urogoe `usd gs rkiaay ^grcai, cr wditkvkr. Cn mcursk tdkrk wis simrkf kotdkceko usk go iotgqugty, iof scbk cn tdksk tdgoes irk rkia pcssg`gagtgks, kvko aglkagdccfs go scbk sgtuitgcos. Vdkrk‗s `kko scbk gotkrkst aitkay i`cut tdk rcak cnImimgi go Nrkkbiscogm rgtks. ]c tdkrk irk scbk gotkrkstgoe pcssg`gagtgks, i act cn gotkrkstgoe sgeoias, `ut vkry agttak tdit rkskb`aks kvko vieukay dirf kvgfkomk. @ksgfks, dcwkvkr tdcsk gofgvgfuia misks pio cut, tdkrk‗s stgaa io kxtricrfgoiry rioek cn kxpkrgkomks cn ctdkrwcrafay `kgoes tdit wk mio‗t trimk tc uofkrercuof psymdkfkagm primtgmks. Vdk fksgrk wgtdgo tdk psymdkfkagm mcbbuogty tc rkfumk tdk rgmd iof dgeday virgkeitkf pdkocbkoi cn rkagegcus kxpkrgkomk tc skmrkt psymdcimtgvk muats gs, G tdgol, bgseugfkf iof dgstcrgmiaay prc`akbitgm, it akist egvko tdk isscmgitgcoia iof niotistgm wiy tdit bcst pkcpak try tc pursuk gt. Vdk grcoy gs tdit, tc by bgof ioywiy, sumd agtkriagsb imtuiaay ecks ieigost cok cn tdk bigo nkiturks psymdkfkagm psymdkfkagm mceogtgco,Cur wdgmd gs tdit tdk cn wcraf, wditkvkrkxpkrgkomk kask gt gs, gsiof prcncuofay bktipdcrgm. kxpkrgkomk gs oct agtkria< tdk wcraf gs oct agtkria. Iof ykt pkcpak wiot tc fgsmcvkr i agtkria frue it tdk dkirt cn rkagegcus kxpkrgkomk tc rkfumk tdk aittkr tc tdk ncrbkr, just aglk eccf slkptgms. Ncr bioy G tdgol gt gs sc tdky fco‗t divk tc tilk rkagegco skrgcusay ioybcrk. Gn gt‗s iaa just mcvkrt psymdkfkagms, tdko ycu mio just stgml wgtd tdk psymdkfkagms iof geocrk tdk ctdkr gssuks tdit rkagegco iof spgrgtuiagty rigsk. Ncr bk gt skkbs bumd bcrk gotkrkstgoe oct tc mcaaipsk tdksk twc murrkots gotc cok ioctdkr iof tc stiy wgtd tdgs trcu`agoe iof tiotiagzgoe rkscoiomk iof ib`geugty. Cok wiy tc fc tdit gs tc rknakmt i `gt co wdit gt bkios tc mcbpirk kxtricrfgoiry kxpkrgkomks go tdk ngrst paimk cr tc mcbpirk rkagegco co tdk cok diof wgtd bcfkro, bcrk-crakss skmuair psymdcimtgvk muaturk. Mcbpirgsco gs i lky mitkecry go tdk stufy cn rkagegco, `kmiusk cn mcursk is scco is ycu stirt acclgoe it tdksk tdgoes co i eac`ia akvka ycu octgmk iaa tdksk mcookmtgcos, agols, iof rkscoiomks. Gofkkf tdk stufy cn rkagegcos go tdk twkotgktd mkotury mio kvko `k mdirimtkrgzkf go tkrbs cn fgnnkrkot wiys cn friwgoe, uofkrstiofgoe,

90>

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

iof gotkrprktgoe tdksk mcbpirgscos. Vdit‗s wdy tdky scbktgbks miaa tdk ngkaf mcbpiritgvk rkagegco. Dcw fc wk `ctd fgsmcvkr iof mcostrumt mcookmtgcos `ktwkko ]g`krgios cvkr dkrk, iof Oitgvk Ibkrgmios cvkr dkrk, iof Inrgmios cvkr dkrk< dcw fc wk friw tdksk agoks tcektdkr iof iaacw tdkb tc rkscoitk3 Vdkrk irk twc gbpcrtiot bcbkots go tdk fkvkacpbkot cn mcbpiritgvk rkagegco tdit rkiaay divk io gbpimt co psymdkfkagm fgsmcursk. Cok cn tdkb fkrgvks nrcb tdk Duoeirgio smdcair Bgrmki Kagifk, wdc wis tdk sgoeak bcst gbpcrtiot dgstcrgio cn rkagegco go tdk twkotgktd mkotury iof wdc primtgmkf i vkry rgmd lgof cn mcbpirgsco. Dgs nibcus iof gonaukotgia wcrl co sdibiogsb gs i pkrnkmt kxibpak. Vdk mcomkpt cn sdibio fkrgvks nrcb cok pirtgmuair dgstcrgmia bgagku, `ut go Kagifk‗s diofs gt imdgkvks i lgof cn ksmipk vkacmgty. Vcfiy bioy pkcpak rcutgokay usk tdk tkrb tc mcvkr iaa scrts cn rkagegcus spkmgiagsts. Kagifk kbpdisgzkf tdk mcotgougty `ktwkko ]g`krgios cvkr tdkrk iof Ibkrgofgios cvkr dkrk. ]cbk pkcpak mrgtgquk tdgs kxpiofgoe bkiogoe is tcc ekokria, is i ekokria sgeo cn Kagifk‗s cwo gbiegoitgco, `ut tdkrk irk eccf rkiscos ncr gt. Vdk mcomkpt cn sdibio nuomtgcos wkaa go bioy mcotkxts, sc tdkrk‗s i rkisco tc dcaf co tc tdgs mcbpiritgvk mitkecry tdit iaacws us tc tial i`cut tdk sgbgairgtgks `ktwkko fgnnkrkot muaturks, kvko tdcued tdkrk irk iawiys scbk prc`akbs gotrcfumkf `y ncrmgoe i sgoeuair bcfka cotc vkry fgnnkrkot dgstcrgmia sgtuitgcos. Kagifk wis tdk uatgbitk irbmdigr smdcair. Dk rkif iof rkbkb`krkf iaa tdk agtkriturk iof mcaakmtkf iof mcostrumtkf tdksk nismgoitgoe mcookmtgcos, puttgoe tdkb tcektdkr gotc airekr stcrgks tdit skrvkf smdcairay, muaturia, iof bcfkro spgrgtuia kofs. Vdgs bcrogoe wk dkirf nrcb Jkrkby Oir`y i`cut io Ibkrgofgio sdibio iof tdk vgsgcoiry mrkiturks tdit tkir tdksk rkagegcus spkmgiagsts ipirt, mdcppgoe cnn tdkgr dkifs iof muttgoe tdkb up. Vdgs gs kximtay tdk gbiekry ycu ngof go tdk acrk cn bioy ]g`krgio sdibiogm ercups‖`kgoes fgsisskb`ak tdk `cfy tdko rkisskb`ak gt wgtd i twgst. Udit mcuaf tdgs skkbgoeay mrcssmuaturia pdkocbkoi `k rknkrrgoe tc3 Dcw fc wk kxpaigo tdit3 Vdgs ipprcimd tc mcbpiritgvk tdgolgoe i`cut rkagegcus iof bystgmia

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

905

kxpkrgkomk pcurs fgrkmtay gotc psymdkfkagm muaturk is gt stirts fkvkacpgoe go tdk pcstwir pkrgcf. Go nimt, `kncrk tdk wir, pkcpak tilgoe iof wrgtgoe i`cut psymdkfkagms‖`isgmiaay pkyctk iof bksmiagok‖iabcst okvkr govclkf rkagegcus aioeuiek. @ut aitkr pkcpak irk rkifgoe Kagifk, tdky‗rk rkifgoe Mira Juoe, iof tdky‗rk rkifgoe iaa tdgs stunn go tdk dcpks tdit tdkrk gs scbk ispkmt cn tdk scua, scbk ispkmt cn kxpkrgkomk, tdit mio bilk mcookmtgcos `ktwkko cur fgskomdiotkf, fkrimgoitkf Ukstkro kxpkrgkomk iof tdk rgmd iof vg`riot spgrgtuia gbiegoitgcos iof agvks cn ctdkr pkcpak. Gofkkf, `ctd Juoe iof Kagifk wrctk tdkgr `ccls go pirt tc komcuriek tdgs lgof cn spkmuaitgco, tdgs lgof cn bcrk-tdio-smdcairay fgsmcvkry‖cr govkotgco‖cn i bcfkro bcfk cn spgrgtuiagty tdit wcuaf fgsmcvkr gtskan tdrcued tdk bgrrcr cn tdksk ctdkr muaturks. Ocwifiys, bioy dgstcrgios iof smdcairs cn rkagegco divk `kmcbk dgeday mrgtgmia cn tdksk twkotgktd mkotury mdibpgcos cn mcbpirgsco, iof ncr scbk eccf rkiscos. ]cbk cn tdksk rkiscos divk tc fc wgtd mcacogiagsb wgtd gssuks cn ipprcprgitgco iof ycu fcbgoitgco. Ctdkrs divkiof tc fc wgtdrkaitkf scbk cn tdk gotkaakmtuia prc`akbs ekt gotc wdko ycu gbpcsk tdksk sgoeuair mitkecrgks co iaa cn tdksk vkry fgnnkrkot dgstcrgmia iof muaturia mcofgtgcos‖ncr bioy mcotkbpcriry tdgolkrs, gt gs fgnnkrkomk tdit rkiaay bittkrs. ]tgaa ctdkrs mrgtgmgzk ncals aglk Juoe iof Kagifk ncr `kgoe mcvkrtay rkagegcus tdgolkrs ritdkr tdio kbpgrgmia smdcairs‖ tdcued tdk gfki tdit tdgs agok gs kisy tc friw dis iawiys skkbkf suspkmt tc bk. Vcfiy G tdgol wk‗vk ecok tcc nir go tdgs mrgtgquk cn rgmd mcbpirgsco. @ut gt‗s mrumgia tc mcosgfkr scbk cn tdk prc`akbs wgtd tdk cvkr-disty friwgoe cn mcbpirgscos is wk prcmkkf tc octgmk sgbgairgtgks `ktwkko rkagegco iof psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomk. Iof gt‗s iasc gbpcrtiot tc rkmceogzk dcw prcncuofay fgnnkrkomk cpkritks wgtdgo psymdkfkagi. Ncr kxibpak, iokmfctiaay tdkrk skkb tc `k bioy trgp rkpcrts tdit spkil cn goskmt `kgoes nrcb ioctdkr wcraf, kotgtgks cntko fksmrg`kf is i lgof cn priygoe biotgs. Ukaa tdk mcsbgm biotgs gs oct scbktdgoe ycu‗rk ecgoe tc ngof go i stiofirf `ccl cn mcbpiritgvk rkagegco. Wkt tdkrk‗s scbktdgoe mcbpiritgvk ecgoe co, tdkrk‗s i agol tdkrk, iof gn ycu trimk tdgs ngeurk tdk

904

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

rkscoiomks wgaa iabcst gokvgti`ay cpko up. Vdit‗s pirt cn tdk biegm iof tdk skfumtgco cn mcbpirgsco. I bcrk wgfkay fgsmusskf scrt cn mcbpirgsco mcomkros tdk sgbgairgty `ktwkko tdk i`fumtgco kxpkrgkomk‖wditkvkr tdit gs kximtay‖iof FBV kxpkrgkomk. Irk tdksk ivkriek ncals skmrktay `kgoe ifbgogstkrkf FBV3 Vdit skkbs uoaglkay. Uditkvkr‗s dippkogoe tc tdkb, wk divk tc rkbigo mcosmgcus cn tdk wiy tdit wk irk pirtay mcostrumtgoe tdksk rkskb`aiomks, tdksk rkscoiomks. Gt‗s i trgmly scrt cn wcrl, mcbpirgsco. Gt‗s kvko i trgmly qukstgco wgtdgo tdk wcraf cn frues. ]c yks, tdk pdkocbkocacey cn tdk FBV wcraf iof tdk ]iavgi fgvgocrub wcraf irk vkry fgnnkrkot. Vdky iasc wcrl co tctiaay fgnnkrkot rkmkptcr systkbs, iof gt‗s oct it iaa makir tdit wk mio issgbgaitk siavgi, cr lktibgok ncr tdit bittkr, tc tdk mitkecry cn tdk ‑maissgm‒ psymdkfkagms. Iof ykt tdksk tdgoes irk oct sc fgnnkrkot. Vdkrk irk cntko `kgoes, iof scbk cn tdk oirritgvks isscmgitkf wgtd tdksk `kgoes, tc jufek nrcb trgp rkpcrts iof pdkocbkocacegmia komcuotkr, irk vkryiwk sgbgair. Ugtd siavgi, tdkrk skkb tcykt `k fgnnkrkot innkmtgvk quiagtgks‖akss iof kvko bcrk wkgrfokss. Iof tdkrk gs stgaa tdit mcbpiritgvk skosk cn io komcuotkr wgtd `kgoes, wgtd i mcsbgm iof/cr Kirtd-`iskf gotkaagekomk, is wkaa is i dirsd `rusqukokss, i lgof cn ieerkssgco cr nkir nimtcr tdit, ieigo, skkbs vkry sgbgair. Vdkrk irk vkry fgnnkrkot tdgoes dippkogoe go tdk `rigo go tdksk misks, sc makiray wditkvkr tdgs kotgty pdkocbkoi gs wk‗rk okvkr ecgoe tc `k i`ak tc `rgoe gt fcwo tc ;-DV0I rkmkptcrs. Kvko gn wk wiot tc divk i strgmtay bitkrgiagst uofkrstiofgoe cn wdit‗s ecgoe co, tdk kotgty pdkocbkoco gs scbktdgoe kask, gt‗s scbk ctdkr lgof cn oktwcrl knnkmt cn okurcos iof mcosmgcusokss. Vc uofkrstiof tdit scbktdgoe kask, cr kvko just tc ipprcimd gt, wk bust kotkr tdgs trgmly zcok cn mcbpirgsco. Iof nrcb wgtdgo tdit zcok G wiot tc sueekst tdit gt‗s vgtia tdit wk rkbigo mcosmgcus cn `ctd tdk pcwkr iof tdk skfumtgvk ippkia cn tdk scrts cn rc`ust mcbpirgscos wk ngof go io Kagifk cr i Juoe iof kspkmgiaay wgtd Juoe‗s gfki cn tdk mcaakmtgvk uomcosmgcus. Juoe wis i nismgoitgoe tdgolkr, `ut tdk mcaakmtgvk uomcosmgcus gs oct tdit dkapnua io gfki go i act cn mgrmubstiomks, it akist go tdk wiy tdit i act cn pkcpak ippay gt. Go nimt, gts vkry pkrsgstkomk wgtdgo mkrtigo

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

907

mcbbuogtgks‖wdgak iabcst kvkrycok kask dis i`iofcokf gt‖sdcuaf tkaa us scbktdgoe. Bcrk gbpcrtiotay, gn ycu dcaf co tc gt tcc strcoeay ycu bgss i act cn tdgoes, kspkmgiaay tdgoes i`cutfgnnkrkomk. ]cbktgbks wk biy stgaa govclk tdksk eriof syotdktgm mcomkpts, `ut G tdgol wk bust `k mrgtgmia iof skan-iwirk cn tdk mcbpirgscos tdit wk‗rk bilgoe, kvko is wk divk oc mdcgmk `ut tc bilk tdkb. Vdk gssuk cn mcbpirgsco, go rkagegco iof psymdkfkagms, rkbgofs bk cn i wcofkrnua stcry tdit tdk iotdrcpcacegst Bgmdika Dirokr tkaas it tdk `kegoogoe cn Vdk Uiy cn tdk ]dibio. Gt‗s i stcry i`cut tdk ngrst tgbk dk tccl iyidiusmi is i ycuoe iotdrcpcacegst go tdk Ibizco. Cok cn dgs bioy digr-rigsgoe komcuotkrs wis wgtd tdksk tiaa friecos wgtd airek wgoes. Vdky tkaa dgb tdit tdky mibk nrcb tdk fkptds cn spimk iof ocw ruak tdgs kotgrk rkiab. Dk‗s lgof cn nrkilkf cut `y tdgs< gt‗s tdk kiray sgxtgks, iof tdkrk‗s vkry agttak agtkriturk co tdgs stunn sc dk fckso‗t locw bumd i`cut tdk iyi zcok. Dk fksmrg`ks dgs kxpkrgkomks tc scbk bgssgcoirgks, cn mcursk tdky siy, gt‑id tdcsk tdk niaako ioekas, tdkiof wgoes iof kvkrytdgoe ngtsskk, rgedt go, friecos gt‗s supkrirk Aumgnkrgio.‒ Uditkvkr ycu tdgol i`cut Mdrgstgiogty, ycu mio skk wdy ycu bgedt mcostrumt tdit mcbpirgsco nrcb tdit pkrspkmtgvk iof wcrafvgkw. Iof tdko Dirokr ecks iof dk tials tc i sdibio‖G‗b lgof cn mcbprkssgoe tdk stcry i agttak `gt‖`ut dk tkaas tdk stcry tc io caf sdibio. Ocw tdkrk gso‗t i wcrf ncr frieco, sc dk miaas tdk mrkiturks `its. @ut tdk sdibio skkbs tc locw kximtay wdit dk‗s tialgoe i`cut. Dk tkaas tdk sdibio tdky fkmairkf tdkbskavks tdk acrfs cn tdk rkiab. ‑Cd ykid, tdky irk iawiys siygoe tdit,‒ tdk sdibio siys, ‑`ut tdky‗rk just bistkrs cn tdk cutkr firlokss,‒ wdgmd nrkils Dirokr cut kvko bcrk, `kmiusk dk fgfo‗t tkaa tdk euy tdit tdky sigf tdit tdky mibk nrcb tdk fkptds cn spimk. Vdgs gs i `kiutgnua stcry i`cut mcbpirgsco. Dirokr skks kotgtgks dk gfkotgngks is friecos. Vdk bgssgcoirgks skk tdk friecos is fkvgas. Vdko Dirokr triosaitks tdk friecos gotc `its‖mcbpirks tdkb‖`ut tdk sdibio rkmceogzks wdit dk siw is nibgagir iyiduismi mdirimtkrs. Gn ycu ec wgtd tdk mcbpirgsco‖iof wdy oct‖gt sueeksts tdit tdkrk‗s scbk lgof cn mcaakmtgvk rkscoiomk, cr bcrpdgm ngkaf, cr wditkvkr wk wiot tc miaa

9=8

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

gt< tdkrk‗s scbk lgof cn mcaakmtgvk muaturia-cotcacegmia nribkwcrl tdit mrkitks i mcosgstkomy tc tdgs lgof cn kotgty, iof ykt gt ekts creiogzkf go vkry fgnnkrkot wiys. Vdk ctdkr tdgoe G aglk i`cut tdgs stcry gs gts pcrtriyia cn i mkrtigo lgof cn sdibiogm slkptgmgsb. G usk tdit wcrf qugtk mcosmgcusay, `kmiusk cok cn by prcjkmts gs tc trimk, irtgmuaitk, iof kvko mkak`ritk ispkmts cn cur suppcskfay fgskomdiotkf smgkotgngm wcrafvgkw is wk bcvk gotc tdksk ctdkr fgbkosgcos. Iof tdgs wcrafvgkw gomaufks i lgof cn wcrlgoe slkptgmgsb. Gt gbpagks i rksgstiomk tc egvgoe cvkr ycur `kagkn, i rksgstiomk go scbk wiys tc rkagegco go i mkrtigo skosk, i lgof cn imtgvk ieocstgmgsb. Xirt cn by murrkot prcjkmt trimks dcw skmuair, ritgcoia pkcpak, `y usgoe bkfgmgoks cr `kmiusk cn tdkgr cwo mrizy kxpkrgkomks, bcvk `iml tcwirf tdk nuaaokss cn rkagegcus kxpkrgkomk `ut go i fgnnkrkot wiy. Vdkrk irk vkry fgnnkrkot wiys tc immkss iof nribk vgsgcoiry kxpkrgkomk, `ut i act cn tdk pitdcacegks cn mcotkbpcriry psymdkfkagm muaturk govcavk oct akirogoe tdit oct biegm, dcafgoei co tccncur pirtgmuair biegm, i wiy gs i lgof akssco cn bkotia lgof ritgcoia biegm, tdit,wdgmd go tdkgorgedt mcotkxt iof wgtdcut `kmcbgoe tdk bistkr, gs gomrkfg`ay dkapnua. G rkif i quctk nrcb Vkrkomk BmLkooi rkmkotay. It scbk pcgot dk islkf tdk busdrccb ‑wdy bk, wdy ib G ekttgoe tdgs wdcak tdgoe G ectti fc3‒ Iof tdk busdrccb sigf, ‑`kmiusk ycu divko‗t egvko ycur `kagkn iwiy.‒ Ocw Vkrkomk mkrtigoay ect miuedt up go dgs cwo wgaf `kagkn systkb, `ut dk iasc bigotigokf i slkptgmia tkbpkribkot ircuof i act cn tdk Okw Iek iof bystgmia gfkis tdit mrcp up ircuof tdksk tdgoes go tdk bcfkro wcraf. Vdkrk‗s scbktdgoe i`cut tdit ritgcoia rknusia, cr dksgtiomy, G ngof vkry oc`ak iof vkry spgrgtuia go gts cwo wiy. Is wk akivk tdk wcraf cn fgskomdiotbkot tc pauoek `iml gotc rifgmia komdiotbkot, tdkrk gs i tkofkomy ibcoe bioy tc egvk up tdit ritgcoia kfek iof rkakisk tdk `urfko cn slkptgmgsb. G fco‗t tdgol tdit gs okmkssirgay dkapnua, `ut kvko bcrk, G fco‗t tdgol egvgoe cvkr ycur `kagkn gs tdk bcst gotkeritkf iof spgrgtuia wiy tc prcmkss tdksk kxpkrgkomks. Ncr bk, `ctd bkfgtitgco iof psymdkfkagms, is pitds cn skan-kxpacritgco cr spgrgtuia kxpacritgco, irk kquiaay i`cut komdiotbkot iof fgskomdiotbkot.

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

9=9

Io kakbkot cn slkptgmgsb gs iasc pirt cn tdk iotdrcpcacegmia, gofgekocus sgtuitgco. Vdk sdibio go Dirokr‗s stcry diso‗t egvko dgs `kagkn cvkr kgtdkr. Vdk trifgtgcoia sdibiogm pkrspkmtgvk, gn G mio spkil cn sumd i tdgoe, gs ib`geucus. Vdkrk‗s i act cn fcfey mdirimtkrs, sc ycu bilk iaagiomks. Wcu‗rk oct rkiaay surk wdc‗s wkirgoe i bisl. ‑Gs tdgs bislkf3 Gs gt oct bislkf3‒ Vdgs gs tdk lgof cn qukstgcogoe tdit ycu iasc ngof go tdk Ukstkro cmmuat trifgtgco, wdkrk biegmgios koeiek go mcovkrsitgco wgtd gomcrpcrkia `kgoes. Wcu fco‗t just strigedt up siy, ‑Cd cliy ycu‗rk tdk ioeka cn tdk ogotd dkivko, erkit!‒ Wcu‗vk ect tc tkst gt. Wcu‗rk oct rkiaay surk wdc tdgs `kgoe gs `kmiusk gt‗s i swgray rkiab. Is Jkrkby wis tialgoe i`cut tdgs bcrogoe, tdksk tdgoes irk `ctd tdkrk iof oct tdkrk< tdky‗rk tdk sibk iof tdky‗rk fgnnkrkot, it tdk sibk tgbk. Vdky nagmlkr. Cok cn tdk mcrk gssuks cn mcbpiritgvk rkagegco tdit‗s rkaitkf tc iaa tdgs gs tdk qukstgco cn rkagegcus kxpkrgkomk. Vdkrk‗s i act tdit mcuaf `k sigf i`cut cvkr tdk aistfgf cokwgtd duofrkf ykirs cr sc, ipprcimdks iof wk ngofcni sgbgairtdgs lgofqukstgco cn ipprcimd is wk tdk mcbpiritgvk Juoe cr Kagifk. Ncr kxibpak, kiray co tdkrk wis i strcoe kbpdisgs co wdit wk miaa pkrkoogiagsb, wdgmd gs tdk gfki tdit `kokitd iaa cn tdkgr fgnnkrkomks, iaa tdk wcraf‗s rkagegcos irk imtuiaay pcgotgoe it tdk sibk trutd, tdk sibk kxpkrgkomk, tdk sibk fgbkosgco cn rkiagty cr tdk skan. Vdky‗rk just fgnnkrkot wiys cn ekttgoe tc tdk sibk paimk. Vdksk gfkis `kmibk kocrbcusay ittrimtgvk tc skklkrs iof psymdcoiuts iof mcotgouk tc dkap creiogzk dcw pkcpak skk tdksk ib`geucus tdgoes iof dcw tdky fc tdkgr primtgmk. @ut gn ycu accl it tdk ogtty ergtty cn rkagegcus kxpkrgkomks, ycu iasc ngof tdit tdkrk‗s qugtk io kxtricrfgoiry rioek cn fgnnkrkomks. ]c ycu divk tc stirt tdgolgoe i`cut tdksk fgnnkrkomks. Udy gs tdkrk i wdcak vkgo cn bystgmgsb tdit‗s i`cut komcuotkrgoe i suprkbk `kgoe3 Bioy bystgms fksmrg`k i acvgoe `kgoe iof siy tdit spgrgtuiagty gs uatgbitkay i`cut scbk lgof cn rkaitgcosdgp tc i acvgoe `kgoe. Go tdksk trifgtgcos, tdgs skkbs tc `k tdk suprkbk kxpkrgkomk. Iof ykt go ctdkr trifgtgcos, tdkrk gs oc suprkbk `kgoe go tdcsk gotkrsu`jkmtgvk tkrbs. Vdkrk‗s cokokss biy`k, tdkrk‗s oiturk, tdkrk‗s tdk mcsbcs, tdkrk‗s tdk ]kan< `ut

9=0

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

tdkrk gs iasc i scrt cn i`skomk cn i pkrscodccf, cn pkrscoiagty. Dcw fc wk rkmcomgak tdksk twc nuofibkotiaay fgnnkrkot vgkws uofkr cok pkrkoogiagst ru`rgm3 Gs cok trifgtgco dgedkr tdio tdk ctdkr3 Oc, G fco‗t tdgol sc. G tdgol wk divk tc rkmceogzk tdit tdkrk‗s i buatgpagmgty cn wiys tc bcvk tdrcued tdgs spimk‖tdkrk‗s oct cok bcuotigotcp, tdkrk irk buatgpak bcuotigos, iof wk `ugaf tdk pitd is wk wial tdkb. ]c dcw fc wk kxpaigo tdksk fgnnkrkomks comk wk imlocwakfek tdky irk rkia iof tdit tdky irk oct just fgnnkrkot gotkrprktitgcos cn tdk sibk kxpkrgkomk3 Cok cn tdk tdgoes ycu divk tc fc gs imlocwakfek dcw bumd pkcpak‖ercwgoe up go i muaturk wgtd gts cwo bcfkas iof bips iof kxpkmtitgcos‖skt up iof sdipk tdk lgofs cn kxpkrgkomks tdit tdky divk. Vdkrk‗s i tkofkomy, vkry uofkrstiofi`ak, tc siy, ‑Ukaa tdkrk irk tdk kxpkrgkomks go tdkbskavks, iof tdko tdkrk irk tdk wiys wk oirritk tdkb cr cur prcjkmtgcos cotc tdk kxpkrgkomk.‒ @ut pkrdips tdk rkiagty gs i agttak trgmlgkr, iof tdk kxpkrgkomks tdkbskavks irk iarkify sdipkf iof `ugat pirtay immcrfgoe acmia sdipkftkbpkribkots `y cur kvcautgcoiry tdk tc wiys curmcofgtgcos. cwo bgofsVdky‗rk iof pkrscoia cpkritkdkrgtiek‖`y iof `y cur cwo pkrscoiagtgks‖`ut iasc `y cur cwo muaturia crgkotitgcos iof bkbcry `iols. Gn ycu‗rk ercwgoe up go i Jkwgsd muaturk, ycu ec gotc i mkrtigo lgof cn kxpkrgkomk, iof ycu‗rk bcrk aglkay tc skk tdgoes i mkrtigo wiy. ]c tdkrk gs i mcostrumtkf ispkmt tc tdksk kxpkrgkomks. Gt‗s oct just aglk tdkrk‗s scbk purk vgsgcoiry wcraf cut tdkrk tdit wk suffkoay divk immkss tc iof tdit wk okkf tc gotkrprkt mcrrkmtay. Gt‗s tdit wk irk iawiys go tdk bgfst cn tdgs muaturia, iotdrcpcacegmia prcmkss‖gofgvgfuiaay, muaturiaay, mcaakmtgvkay‖cn mcostrumtgoe tdksk komcuotkrs. It tdk sibk tgbk‖iof tdgs gs tdk pirifcx, tdk bystkry gn ycu wgaa‖tdksk komcuotkrs ippkir tc `k bcrk tdio cur cwo mcostrumtgco. Vdkrk gs i vgsgcoiry rkbigofkr iof ‑Ctdkr‒ go tdk pgmturk. ]trgmt scmgia mcostrumtgcogsts wgaa siy, ‑cd gt‗s iaa just ni`rgmitgco,‒ iof G‗b oct tialgoe i`cut tdit. Udit G‗b siygoe gs tdit wk divk tc rkiaay rknakmt iof rkmceogzk dcw bumd cn cur cwo gofgvgfuia iof mcaakmtgvk issubptgcos, kxpkmtitgcos, stcrgks, iof sc ncrtd mcostrumt tdk kxpkrgkotgia gotkrnimks wgtd ncrmks, fcbigos, iof kvko gotkaagekomks tdit irk oct rkfumg`ak tc cur mcotrca cr cur

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

9==

kxpkmtitgcos. Wcu lkkp tdk fccr cpko `ut ycu okvkr rkiaay locw wdc gs wialgoe tdrcued tdk fccr, gn gt‗s i rknakmtgco cr oct. Iof scbktgbks, ocoktdkakss, kxpkrgkomk `kmcbks komcuotkr. Vdkrk irk komcuotkrs tdit grrkvcmi`ay triosncrb ycu. Udit‗s tdk mcrk akssco cn psymdkfkagm primtgmk, tdk akssco tdit stgaa dcafs strcoe intkr `kgoe nibcusay put ncrwirf `y Akiry‗s rkskirmd go 97>= iof 97>63 ]kt iof skttgoe. ]kt iof skttgoe. Vdkrk‗s oc wiy wk‗rk ekttgoe ircuof skt iof skttgoe. Ogml ]iof dis twc kssiys i`cut FBV tdit dk pu`agsdkf pskufcoybcusay go Vdk Kotdkceko Pkvgkw. Dk‗s fcok FBV tdcusiofs cn tgbks, iof dk‗s i vkry gotkrkstgoe mdirimtkr, wdgmd rkiaay mcbks tdrcued. Dk cnnkrs i bgxturk cn psymdkfkagm iotgiutdcrgtirgiogsb iof spgrgtuiagty go dgs fksmrgptgcos cn dgs kxpkrgkomks. Vdk irtgmak gtskan wis bctgvitkf `y rkifgoe io kiray mdiptkr nrcb ]trissbio‗s `ccl. Gt ioocykf dgb, `kmiusk dk wis rkifgoe tdksk immcuots i`cut iagko fcmtcrs fcgoe prc`ks iof iaa cn tdksk i`fumtgco smkoirgcs, dkfcmtcrs wis aglk,ircuof, ‑accl, tdkrk‗s tdgs gs ijust `kmiusk ycu‗rk fcgoe tdgs go i ai`, ycuiof divk dgffko iekofi, iof sc tdgs gs lgof cn rgfgmuacus.‒ Dgs ireubkot wis `isgmiaay tdit tdkskttgoe wis iaa wrcoe iof tdit pirtgmgpiots wkrk go scbk skosk skttgoe tdkbskavks up ncr i `if mcostrumtgco. Gostkif, Ogml ireuks, wk sdcuaf `k go tkbpaks, wk sdcuaf divk gomkosk, iof wk sdcuaf divk scuof. @ut tdk qukstgco cn mcostrumtgco fcks oct ec iwiy. Gt‗s oct aglk gt‗s coay i mcostrumtgco wdko gt‗s `if, aglk i `if trgp gs `if `kmiusk tdk skttgoe gs wrcoe, `ut eccf trgps irk truk iof rkia. Gn skt iof skttgoe irk pirtay mcbpcsgoe tdk tdgoe, tdko wdko ycu skt up i dcagkr spimk tdit‗s iasc bilgoe tdk tdgoe. Oct iaa cn gt biy`k, `ut i act cn gt. ]c tdk simrkf kbkreks oct `kmiusk gt‗s iaa dcay mcbgoe fcwo co us. Gt‗s tdit tdrcued cur irt iof gotkotgco wk irk `ugafgoe tdk dcay spimk, `ugafgoe tdk simrkf mcotkxt, iof skttgoe curskavks up ncr bkiogoe. G‗vk `kko tialgoe, ieigo, i`cut dcw tc tial i`cut wkgrf `kgoes, iof G just wiot tc siy i nkw bcrk tdgoes. Cok cn tdk prc`akbs wdko wk try tc `rgoe cur bcfkro, smgkomk-sdipkf bgof tcektdkr wgtd tdgs ctdkr wcraf‖akt‗s miaa gt tdk spgrgtuia wcraf‖gs tdit tdkrk irk mkrtigo di`gts

9=6

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

cn tdcuedt tdit ec iacoe wgtd tdk smgkomks tdit wk `rgoe iacoe iabcst uomcosmgcusay wgtd us is wk ec gotc tdgs ctdkr fcbigo. Cok di`gt gs i lgof cn agtkriagsb, i rkfumtgvk frgvk tcwirf ngofgoe i sgoeuair kxpaioitcry lky. Vdgs gs tgkf up wgtd i vkry fuiagstgm skosk cn cotcacey, cn wdit‗s rkia vkrsus wdit‗s oct rkia. Nrcb i `isgm smgkotgngm pkrspkmtgvk, wk bgedt siy tdit oiturk gs rkia, iof tdk bitkrgia uogvkrsk gs wdit‗s rkiaay rkia. Iof tdko tdkrk irk cur bgofs, wdgmd irk prcjkmtgoe cotc tdgs aiofsmipk iof mrkitgoe muaturia stcrgks i`cut tdksk oituria nimts. Vdko wk `rgoe tdgs pkrspkmtgvk, tdgs cotcacegmia tkbpaitk, gotc tdksk ctdkr fgbkosgcos. Uk `rgoe tdksk di`gts cn agtkriagzgoe iof fgvgfgoe kxpkrgkomks gotc rkia iof niask wgtd us is wk tdgol i`cut rifgmia vgsgcoiry kxpkrgko mk `kmiusk wk‗rk mirrygoe cvkr tdksk uomcosmgcus di`gts nrcb smgkotgngm muaturk. G wiot tc sueekst i fgnnkrkot pkrspkmtgvk. Gt‗s rcctkf go wdit ycu bgedt miaa i lgof cn kxgstkotgia cr cotcacegmia pauriagsb. Co scbk akvka, iaa G rkiaay locw gs by kxpkrgkomk, iof iaa G skk gs fgnnkrkot wiys cn nuofibkotiaay fgnnkrkot `kgoeskk tdit gotkrnimk go `kgoe, tdgs bkssy buatgpagmgty `kncrk wiys bk. Gcnfco‗t tdksdirk paimkiof wdkrk tdky iaa ngt tcektdkr< G fco‗t skk tdk paimk wdkrk tdkrk‗s coay cok lgof cn wiy tc `k. Vilk ngmtgcoia mdirimtkrs ncr kxibpak. Uk iaa locw wdc ]dkracml Dcabks gs< tdkrk‗s i mkrtigo mcosgstkomy tc dgb tdit iabcst vkkrs gotc tdk rkia. Go nimt, pirt cn tdk mcosgstkomy cn tdk mdirimtkr gs tdit pkcpak‖nios, wrgtkrs, iof eibkrs‖paiy i eibk wgtd dgs rkiagty. D. X. Acvkmrint nios wgaa iasc locw wdit G‗b tialgoe i`cut go tkrbs cn tdgs bktingmtgcoia paiy wgtd rkiagty. Ngmtgcos divk i mkrtigo mcosgstkomy tc tdkb, iof sc fc viauks, aglk viacr. Gs viacr rkia cr gs gt just ioctdkr kxibpak cn i scmgia mcostrumtgco3 Kgtdkr wiy, viacr dis i mkrtigo mcosgstkomy tc gt. Gt‗s oct rkia aglk tdk ti`ak, `ut gt‗s rkia go i wiy tdit bilks i fgnnkrkomk. Dubio aiws irk ioctdkr kxibpak cn dcw dubio mcostrumtgcos `kmcbk bcrk tdio bkrkay scmgia mcostrumtgcos. C`vgcusay aiws irk i dubio mrkitgco< wk‗rk bilgoe tdkb up tdrcued purkay dubio prcmkssks sumd is ireubkots, pcagtgms, agks, dgffko iekofis, iof sc co. Iof ykt wdko i aiw pissks, tdit aiw `kmcbks rkia go i mkrtigo wiy iof eigos gts cwo scrt cn mcosgstkomy. Go tdk wcrfs cn @ruoc Aitcur, wk iaacw gt gts cwo cotcacegmia pisturk.

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

9=;

Pitdkr tdio just eriot fkerkks cn rkiagty tc tdksk fgnnkrkot mcostrumtgcos‖aiws irk bcrk rkia tdio ngmtgcos `ut akss rkia tdio bcakmuaks‖wk bgedt iasc just eriot tdit tdkrk irk fgnnkrkot bcfks cn `kgoe. Vdkrk irk fgnnkrkot wiys tdit tdgoes nagmlkr gotc `kgoe. ]c wdit mio wk siy i`cut tdksk wkgrf `kgoes, wdit‗s spkmgngm tc tdkb3 Udit gs tdk cotcacegmia mdirimtkr, tdkgr bcfk cn `kgoe3 [suiaay wk tdgol tdky kgtdkr bust `k rkia, it akist go scbk bktipdysgmia skosk, cr tdky bust `k i psymdcacegmia prcjkmtgco, cr i scmgia mcostrumtgco. @ut tdkrk‗s scbktdgoe kask ecgoe co rgedt `kokitd cur ocsks. Go nimt G siy tdit gn wk‗rk wrioeagoe i`cut wdktdkr tdksk kotgtgks irk rkia cr irk sgbpay prcjkmtgcos, wk‗vk iarkify acst. Uk divk iarkify aiofkf co i wkaafriwo `ittakngkaf wdkrk iaa tdk bcvks irk iarkify iotgmgpitkf. ]c dcw mio wk sokil up co tdk gssuk cr bcvk go i fgnnkrkot wiy3 Gt‗s i `ge qukstgco, `ut cok wiy tdit G aglk tc tdgol i`cut gt gs tdit tdksk vgsgcoiry kotgtgks nagmlkr. Vdky nagmlkr. Vdky‗rk tdkrk, iof tdky‗rk oct tdkrk. Vdky‗rk vkgakf. iof`k cotcacegmiaay. Vdit Vdky nkkagoeippkir cn ‑fciof ycutdko skk fgsippkir gt, fc ycu`ctd oct‒vgsuiaay skkbs tc gotrgosgm tc tdit rkiab. Vdit‗s cok cn tdk rkiscos G `kagkvk tdit ngeurks cn trgmlstkrs iof macwos skkb sc sgeogngmiot dkrk. Oct `kmiusk tdk wdcak mirogvia cn kotgtgks mio `k rkfumkf tc trgmlstkrs iof macwos‖tdkrk‗s c`vgcusay i wgfk rioek cn `kgoes iof biookrs cn prkskotitgco. Vdkrk gs scbktdgoe i`cut tdk spimk gtskan tdit dis tdgs mdirimtkr cn ‑fc ycu skk gt cr fc ycu oct.‒ Aglk scbk sdibiogm pkrncrbiomks, gt gomaufks i lgof cn trgml, i lgof cn prkstgfgegtitgco. Gn tdk octgco cn nagmlkrgoe skkbs i `gt tcc ib`geucus, ycu mio iasc ipprcimd tdgs cotcacegmia qukstgco go i bcrk `gcacegmia wiy. Xuttgoe isgfk iaa tdgs wkgrfokss ncr i bcbkot, wdit gs cok cn tdk bcst fkngogtk tdgoes wk mio siy i`cut tdit pkrsco dgttgoe >8 bgaageribs cn FBV co tdk eaiss pgpk3 Ukaa, prc`i`ay tdit tdky‗aa `k `iml go i`cut dian io dcur cr sc. Vdksk kxpkrgkomks divk i bcrk cr akss fkngogtk bkti`cagm kovkacpk. Uditkvkr tdksk `kgoes irk‖iof ieigo, G ib oct surk tdit gs tdk `kst wiy tc skt up tdk qukstgco‖wk iasc divk tc imlocwakfek tdit tdkgr ippkiriomks kbkrek wgtdgo tdit bkti`cagm kovkacpk. Vdk qukstgco cn

9=>

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

tdk rkiagty cn psymdkfkagm stitks, iof wgtd tdit psymdkfkagm kotgtgks, gs sc gotgbitkay `cuof up wgtd `gcacegmia prcmkssks tdit wk bgedt rknkr tc tdk kotgrk qukstgco is cok cn bkti`cagm cotcacey. Vdgs gfki dkaps us paimk tdk wkgrf nagmlkr cn tdksk kotgtgks wgtdgo tdk mcotkxt cn cur `cfgks iof cur iabcst i`scautk kb`kffgoe wgtdgo `gcpdysgmia prcmkssks. Vdit‗s just tdk `kegoogoe cn io kotgrk agok cn tdcuedt, `ut G wiot tc akivk tdit tdkrk ncr ocw. Udit G divk trgkf tc pkrncrb go tdgs ifbgttkfay accsk tial gs oct scbk pdgacscpdgmia systkb cr smgkotgngm maigb `ut ritdkr i wiy cn uofkrstiofgoe psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomk tdit pusdks scmgia smgkomk up tc tdk kfek cn tdk i`yss, tdk i`yss tdit, is Ogktsmdk sigf, iasc stirks `iml it ycu. G ib gotkrkstkf go paiygoe wgtd tdit kfek `ut oct ecgoe cvkr gt. G fc tdit ncr vkry spkmgngm rkiscos, `kmiusk G tdgol tdit tdgs ipprcimd spkils tc i act cn pkcpak wdc irk wiry cn, cr ctdkrwgsk oct gotkrkstkf go, mkrtigo lgofs cn spgrgtuia fgsmcursks. Uk mio tial spgrgtuiagty, wk mio tial iagko `kgoes, wk miotdkrk tial irk cmmuat ncrmks, mio kvko tialtdksk Juoegio irmdktypks. @ut G tdgol ctdkr wiys wk cn ipprcimdgoe bystkrgks tdit scbk pkcpak irk bcrk ibkoi`ak tc. ]c G‗vk `kko mcosmgcus cn wdit G‗b fcgoe dkrk go kbpdisgzgoe tdk mcostrumtkf mdirimtkr, tdk bkti`cagm mdirimtkr, iof tdk muaturia dubio nkkf`iml accps tdit stiek tdksk komcuotkrs. @ut tdcsk tdgoes irk coay pirt cn tdk stcry, is wk iaa locw. Go nimt wk mio iabcst accl it tdk kotgrk vgsuia fgbkosgco cn tdk kxpkrgkomk is i lgof cn gotkrnimk, i lgof cn gotkrnimk tdit wk irk mc-mrkitgoe go io komcuotkr wgtd scbktdgoe `kycof, wgtd scbktdgoe cutsgfk cn tdksk accps iof stcrgks. Iof tdit komcuotkr gs lky ncr bk. Vdit‗s wdkrk iaa cn tdk mcostrumtgco stcrgks, iaa cn tdk ‑dky cur `rigos irk bilgoe gt up,‒ iof iaa cn tdcsk skan-rknakxgvk mrgtgquks niaa sdcrt. @kmiusk wdko G divk io komcuotkr wgtd wdit Vkrkomk miaakf tdk Ctdkr, kxgstkotgiaay G fco‗t okkf ioy cotcacey cr ioy bcfka cn tdk wcraf. G mio divk io komcuotkr go i frkib, G mio divk io komcuotkr wgtd i pkrsco co tdk strkkt, G mio divk io komcuotkr wgtd io iogbia is G dglk, iof G mio divk io komcuotkr wgtd i birvkacus ippkiriomk go i psymdkfkagm triomk. Go by vgkw, tdcsk

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

9=5

komcuotkrs iarkify mcotigo wgtdgo tdkb fkbiofs tdit G bust rkspcof tc‖wdktdkr kxgstkotgiaay, psymdcacegmiaay, gbiegoitgvkay, cr ktdgmiaay‖ iof just go tkrbs cn `kgoe io uprgedt, ipprcprgitk pkrsco. ]c go cok skosk G ib komcuriegoe io ipprcimd tc tdksk kxpkrgkomks wgtd i mkrtigo slkptgmgsb, wdktdkr sdibiogm cr psymdcoiutgmia. Gt gs eccf ncr vgsgcos tc `k fgstrustkf, ioiayzkf, put gotc i scmgcpcagtgmia mcotkxt, cr tc `k ipprkmgitkf iof kojcykf, `ut gt gs iasc gbpcrtiot ncr tdkb tc `k skt isgfk is scurmks cn trutd. It tdk sibk tgbk wdit gs iasc frgvgoe tdksk tdcuedts irk tdksk komcuotkrs wgtd kogebis tdit aurl `kycof iaa tdit rknakxgvgty< komcuotkrs tdit G miooct fkoy divk iarkify mdioekf bk iof divk iarkify skt bk co spagotkrgoe pitds tdit mcotigo nurtdkr komcuotkrs iof nurtdkr gogtgitgcos. Vc `cga gt fcwo dkrk it tdk kof, G‗b oct tkrrg`ay gotkrkstkf go tdk mcotkot cn vgsgcos. Ocw, G acvk tdk vgsgcos, `ut pkcpak cvkr-nktgsdgzk tdkb. Vdkrk‗s scbktdgoe kask ecgoe co‖biy`k gt‗s kokrektgm, cr gotkrfgbkosgcoia, cr `gcpdysgmia, criaacws fkmcostrumtgvk. tdk kavks i strioek lgofcrcnmcsbgm, iogbitkf gotkrnimk tdit by `rigo Irk tc bcfka by cwo okuria prcmkssks3 Biy`k. @ut G stgaa divk tc inngrb tdk komcuotkr, G mio‗t ivcgf tdk komcuotkr. Iof ncr bk tdit pcssg`gagty, tdit gotugtgvk mcovgmtgco, gs wdit puaas iaa cn tdgs cut cn i bkrkay rkfumtgvk wiy cn tialgoe i`cut vgsgcoiry kxpkrgkomk. @ut ieigo tdgs gs just cok bcfka. G vkry bumd ipprkmgitk ycur ittkotgco, iof G accl ncrwirf tc tdk qukstgcos. Vdiol ycu. FG]M[]]GCO CN

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

U

P

: Vdiol ycu. G‗vk just dif tdk bcst acvkay kxpkrg-

komk cn sgttgoe ncr io dcur iof uofkrstiofgoe prcncuofay iof rkscoitgoe wgtd kvkry wcrf ycu‗vk just sigf< gt‗s `kko rkiaay nuo . . . K

F

: G wis pirtgmuairay eaif tdit ycu wkrk dkrk, `kmiusk G lokw

tdit ycu wcuaf rkscoitk wgtd tdit.

9=4

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

: @ut tdkrk wis just cok agttak rgppak co tdk ni`rgm . . .

P F

: ]urk. : . . . iof gt‗s lgof cn stuml tdkrk iof tdit wis tdk bkt-

P

i`cagm kovkacpk. Go i wiy G coay skk tdit goscnir is, ncr kxibpak, ycu bgedt bkkt scbk`cfy ncr mcnnkk `kmiusk tdk kotgtgks irk nir bcrk tdio i bkti`cagm kovkacpk, go tdk skosk tdit scbk cn tdk komcuotkrs G‗vk dif go i pirtgmuair bkti`cagm kxpkrgkomk, sumd is tdk Dittgnittkokrs go i Bccbgo `ccl, irk bcrk tdio i bkti`cagm kxpkrgkomk. G iasc komcuotkrkf kavks iof ec`agos iof dc`ec`agos go tdk stcrgks G wis rkifgoe tc by mdgafrko< ycu skk eirecyaks co i mdurmd tdit irk pirt cn i frkib, cr i vgsgco, cr io kxpkrgkomk tdit ycu dif. ]c go tdit rkspkmt tdko tdkrk‗s tdgs mcostiot gotkrpaiy `ktwkko fgnnkrkot bcfks iof fgnnkrkot imtgvgtgks tdit ycu‗rk koeiekf wgtd iof iaa tdksk kxpkrgkomks ycu‗rk divgoe. Fc ycu ncaacw by qukstgco tdkrk3 F

: G tdgol G fc, iof G wcuaf siy G‗b go nuaa ierkkbkot wgtd ycu.

Wcu‗rk gotkrkstkf go tdgs octgco cn tdk bkti`cagm irm cn tdk kxpkrgkomk iof dcw tdit rkaitks tc tdk nimt tdit tdk kakbkots iof tdk `kgoes wgtdgo tdgs kxpkrgkomk irk makiray pirt cn i airekr, it akist muaturia, oktwcrl tdit ecks tdrcued tgbk. Ncr bk tdksk irko‗t skpiritk gssuks. Gn wk accl it tdk oktwcrl is iarkify kxgstgoe, tdit `kgoe tdk muaturia oktwcrl gomaufgoe cur cwo kxpkrgkomks iof gbieks iof kvko tdgoes tdit wk fco‗t okmkssirgay locw gofgvgfuiaay‖iof G fc tdgol tdgs gs wdkrk bcrpdgm rkscoiomk gs mkrtigoay i vkry dkapnua gfki, tc kxpaigo mkrtigo tdgoes‖tdit fkspgtk tdit oktwcrl wkOc sdcuaf imlocwakfek inngrb `gcpdysgmia irm cn tdk kxpkrgkomk. bittkr wdkrk tdkskiof tdgoes irktdk `kgoe friwo nrcb, tdky irk iasc uoncafgoe iof kvcavgoe tdrcued tgbk. Vdk oktwcrl gtskan gs go scbk wiys scrt cn stitgm, `kmiusk tdit eirecyak dis `kko tdkrk ncr ngvk duofrkf ykirs, sc gt‗s oct ecgoe ioywdkrk. @ut ykt tdk wiy tdit gt ekts gostiotgitkf iof sgeoiakf dis tdgs lgof cn fkvkacpbkotia `gcpdysgmia irm tc gt. P

]

: Gt bgedt `k usknua tc mcosgfkr i spkmtrub cn

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

9=7

bkti`cagm mcsbcacey tc tdk kotgrk pimliek, `kmiusk FBV gs mcostiotay `kgoe bifk iof triospcrtkf gotc tdk `rigo. Gt gs prc`i`ay bkfgitgoe scbk oirrcw wgofcw cn mcoskosus rkiagty. Go iffgtgco, tdkrk‗s prc`i`ay FBV `kgoe syotdksgzkf go tdk rktgoi is wkaa. ]c tdkrk biy `k bcrk cn i spkmtrub cn tdk FBV wcrafs tdit wk‗rk komcuotkrgoe< wgtd i oirrcw wgofcw cn imtgvgty tdgs gs wdit wk mio skk, tdko wgtd dgedkr akvkas gt stirts tc bcvk cvkr tc tdk ctdkr kof cn tdk spkmtrub, go bcrk cn i erifitgco ritdkr tdio i mitkecrgmia fgstgomtgco. F J

: Pgedt, eccf. O

: Ukaa ycu wcrlkf wgtd tdk fgmdctcby `ktwkko smg-

komk iof komdiotbkot, sc smgkomk fgskomdiots tdk wcraf. Ocw wk iasc locw tdit qukstgcogoe cur fgmdctcbgks gs cntko prcfumtgvk. Ukaa tdgs cok‗s prktty kisy, `kmiusk smgkomk dis iasc komdiotkf tdk wcraf, bifk gt bcrk gotkrkstgoe, iof bcrk bystkrgcus. Bioy smgkotgsts divk tdgs lgof cn cpko-bgofkf iof cok mio tdiol smgkomk ncr imtuiaay `rgoegoeocofcebitgm bioy cn tdk ipprcimd, su`jkmts wk‗rk fgsmussgoe tc tdk ittkotgco cn tdk wgfkr wcraf. ]c wdit wcuaf `k ycur mcbbkot co ycur cwo fgmdctcby3 F

: ]urk, surk. Vdk `crgoe ioswkr gs tdit gt‗s sgbpay kxpkfgkomy.

Go tdgs sgtuitgco siygoe ‑smgkomk‒ tdit wiy stiofs go ncr i act cn tdgoes tdit irk rkiaay mcbpagmitkf, tdit tilk i acoe tgbk tc tial i`cut, tdit mcb`gok bitkrgiagsb wgtd bcfkro gofustrgia mgvgagzitgco, iof ktmktkri. @ut ritdkr tdio siy tdit, kvkrycok locws tdgs sgbpak stcry: tdit ‑smgkomk iof rkaitgcos mcbpaktkay fgskomdiots @kmiusk mcurskmcbks tdkrk‗siacoe iaa tdksk wgtd rkagegco istdk wkaawcraf.‒ is iaa tdk tdgoescn tdit ycu‗rk tialgoe i`cut. @ut G fc aglk tc skt up tdit fgmdctcby, cr scbktdgoe aglk tdit fgmdctcby, `kmiusk tc by bgof gt iaacws us tc skk tdk fgiakmtgms tdit irk ecgoe go tdgs spimk‖tdk `iml iof ncrtd tdit naumtuitks `ktwkko tdksk fgnnkrkot wiys cn bcvgoe gosgfk io kxpkrgkomk, cn tilgoe gt co iof tdko stiofgoe iwiy nrcb gt iof mrgtgqugoe gt. G bkio tdit‗s iarkify gosgfk cn spgrgtuiagty iof gt‗s iarkify gosgfk cn

968

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

smgkomk, tdit sibk fyoibgm. Gn ycu irk i smgkotgst iof ycu divk scbk duomd, wdkrk fcks gt mcbk nrcb3 Udkrk fc dypctdksks mcbk nrcb‖ tdk gofumtgvk prcmkss, tdk fkfumtgvk prcmkss, cr tdk i`fumtgvk prcmkss3 ]c, i`fumtgco, wdgmd gs cok wiy tdit pkcpak tial i`cut tdk oiturk cn ncrbgoe dypctdksks, gs i bystkrgcus tdgoe< gt‗s oct kisy tc siy kximtay wdit‗s ecgoe co tdkrk, `ut mkrtigoay scbktdgoe aglk gotugtgco gs cpkritgoe go tdk mcostrumtgco cn i act cn dypctdksks. ]c tdkrk ycu divk gt, iarkify ycu divk gt gosgfk smgkomk. Iof ycu divk tdk ctdkr sgfk cn tdk kquitgco gosgfk rkagegcos< tdkrk‗s tdgs prcmkss cn qukstgcogoe, cn mrgtgquk, cn fgskomdiotbkot. Wcu divk scbk rkbirli`ak kxpkrgkomk go ycur pist cr wditkvkr, iof ycur pistcr ecks, ‑ycu bgedt rkiaay wiot tc wcrl co tdit cok i agttak `gt bcrk, dkrk‗s i `ccl tc rkif, lgf,‒ cr wditkvkr gt gs. ]pgrgtuiagty iasc skkbs tc gomaufk scbk lgof cn prcmkss cn fkmcostrumtgoe ycur kxpkrgkomk. ]c wdgak G tdgol gt‗s i viagf fgmdctcby, gt‗s bumd bcrk mcbpagmitkf tdio tdit. ]

: G fco‗t tdgol gt‗s kvko `kko i misk cn tdk prcmkssks tdkb-

skavks, `ut gt mcuaf rkaitk tc tdk ecias cn smgkomk. Cok cn by nivcrgtk bkfgkvia `g`agmia kxkeksgs I`ridib G`o Kzri aglks tc siy tdit tdk ecia cn iaa cn tdk smgkomks gs Ecf, sc G tdgol uatgbitkay gn ycu accl it tdk ecia cn kvkry smgkomk‖`gcacey, pdysgms, istrcocby, iof bitdkbitgms kvko‖gt‗s `kko locwo is tdk scurmk cn tdk pdkocbkoco. F

: Pgedt. @ut tdk prc`akb wgtd smgkomk gs oct go tdk pursugt cn

locwakfek, gt‗s dcw tdk locwakfek gs paueekf gotc iaa cn tdksk scmgia, gostgtutgcoia, iof kmcocbgm ncrmks. Bcst cn tdk ‑smgkomk‒ tdit‗s fcok ocw gs‖wditkvkr ycu wiot tc miaa gt‖‑tkmdoc-smgkomk.‒ Gt‗s tdk prcfumtgco cn scbktdgoe tdit bgedt divk viauk go i birlkt, tdkrk‗s imtuiaay rkaitgvkay agttak smgkomk wdkrk pkcpak irk pursugoe locwakfek. Wcu ekt tdit caf scrt cn smgkomk stgaa go istrcpdysgms, ycu ekt gt go scbk fwgofagoe pirts cn `ctioy, iof wgtd c`skrvkrs wdc irk stgaa cut tdkrk acclgoe it tdgoes . . . F

B L

mirgmiturk cn smgkomk.

: @ut tdit‗s wdy mcotkbpcriry smgkomk gs i

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

F

969

: Pgedt, yks, iof go tdit skosk tdkrk sdcuaf `k i `kttkr wcrf<

biy`k tdit wis oct tdk rgedt wcrf tc fksmrg`k tdk fgmdctcby go tdit skosk, `kmiusk G‗b mkrtigoay oct gotkrkstkf go fcgoe tdk typgmia `kbciogoe cn smgkomk. B L

: Vruk smgkomk sdcuaf `k i`cut tdk skirmd ncr trutd, i wiy tc

uomcvkr trukcrlocwakfek i`cutgaaokssks tdk wcraf. G tdgolgscok tdk bigo scrt cn spgrgtuia mcotkbpcriry cn smgkomk tditcnwk‗vk acst sgedt cn tdit. ^kry nkw smgkotgsts kvkr tilk i mcursk go pdgacscpdy cn smgkomk. ^kry nkw smgkotgsts kvkr tdgol i`cut tdgs. Vdky‗rk vkry eccf it tdkgr bimdgoks iof tdky mio rkif mdirts iof tdgs scrt cn tdgoe< tdky‗rk oct trutd skklkrs, tdky‗rk slgaakf tkmdogmgios. @ut wdit‗s tdk purpcsk cn smgkomk3 Vdk purpcsk cn smgkomk gs tc divk erifuitk stufkots ec tc mconkrkomks, pu`agsd pipkrs, ekt bcrk eriots, iof fc iaa tdgs< tdk uatgbitk ecia cn smgkomk gs mcbpaktkay c`smurkf. Vc `k i summkssnua smgkotgst, it akist go tdk mcotkxt cn `gcbkfgmgok go tdk [ogtkf ]titks, gn scbk`cfy acclkf it ycu iof sigf, ‑Udy fc ycu pursuk tdgs govkstgeitgco3‒, iof ycu sigf, ‑Ukaa gt‗s tc fgsmcvkr trutd, gt‗s tc fgsmcvkr scbktdgoe i`cut tdk wiy tdk wcraf wcrls‒, tdky‗f accl it ycu aglk ycu wkrk outs. Pgml bcrk tdio ioycok kask mio siy tdgs. G bkio gt‗s oct aglk dk‗s `kko wkamcbkf gotc tdk fkkpkst diaas cn imifkbk< dk‗s `kko tctiaay biregoiagzkf, `kmiusk dk dis dif tdk mcuriek tc isl qukstgcos tdit irk oct mcbncrti`ak. Iof sc tdit‗s i `gt cn i riot G fgf wiot tc siy. G imtuiaay dif i qukstgco, i rkbirl co scbktdgoe tdit ycu sigf kiragkr, wdgmd G tdcuedt wis vkry gotkrkstgoe. Vdgs octgco cn tdk spgrgt bcakmuak, tc `rgoe tdksk tcektdkr gs@ut lgof cn io go cxybcrco: ‑Ukaa gt‗s i bcakmuak, dcw twc mio wcrfs gt `k spgrgtuia3‒ G tdgol agedt cn wdit wk‗vk `kko tialgoe i`cut it tdgs mconkrkomk tdit‗s imtuiaay i mcbpaktkay rkiscoi`ak tdgoe. Gt gs i spgrgtuia bcakmuak, i spgrgt bcakmuak< gt dis i spgrgt quiagty `kmiusk kvkrytdgoe fcks. Kvkrytdgoe‗s gotkaagekot, iof kvkrytdgoe dis i spgrgtuia ispkmt, nrcb kakmtrcos co up. ]c tdit‗s gotkrkstgoe. Vdko, co cok diof ycu divk tdk rkagegcus nimtgcos, cr tdk scrt cn iotg-rkagegcus nimtgcos `ut tdk prc-spgrgtuiagty iotg-rkagegcus nimtgcos,

960

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

wdc mio siy, ‑wkaa, ycu locw tdksk rkagegcos `cga fcwo tc psymdkfkagms, sc gt‗s just i bcakmuak, gt‗s just frues, bio, gt‗s just pdirbimcacey, rgedt3‒ Wcu divk tdit pkrspkmtgvk, wdgmd fckso‗t imlocwakfek go nimt tdit tdkrk‗s bcrk ecgoe co `kmiusk gt fcks divk i spgrgtuia ispkmt< iof tdko co tdk ctdkr diof ycu divk `gcbkfgmgok, iof tdk psymdkfkagms‖ pirtgmuairay FBV‖wdgmd divk tdk pctkotgia tc rkgotrcfumk spgrgt gotc bkfgmgok. Xsymdkfkagms tdkripkutgmiaay irk `isgmiaay uskf tc trkit spgrgtuia gaaokssks co i muaturia iof gofgvgfuia akvka, sc tdky irk bkfgmgoks ncr tdk scua iof ncr tdk spgrgt, iof `gcbkfgmgok gs i`scautkay tkrrgngkf cn tdkb. @kmiusk go crfkr tc usk tdcsk go `gcbkfgmgok, `gcbkfgmgok dis tc imlocwakfek tdit tdkrk gs i spgrgtuia ispkmt tc bkfgmgok iof dkiagoe, iof tdk wdcak bkmdiogstgm bcfka cn dkiagoe ecks cut tdk wgofcw. Go nimt tdky divk tc immkpt komdiotbkot ieigo, `kmiusk tdky‗vk spkot ncur cr ngvk duofrkf ykirs trygoe tc kxcrmgsk tdit cut cn smgkomk. Gt mrkitks i mcouofrub ncr `ctd sgfks wdgmd gs rgedt wdkrk wk wiot tc `k. F ]

: Wks tdk cok fgbkosgco cn tdit, wdgmd G wiotkf tc tial i`cut . . . : Ukaa tdk mcomkpt cn gotkrbkfgirgks, wdgmd G‗aa tial

i`cut go by prkskotitgco, gs i rkiaay usknua cok< gotkrbkfgirgks bkfgitk `ktwkko tdk spgrgtuia iof tdk pdysgmia, tdk gomcrpcrkia iof tdk mcrpcrkia, iof sc FBV mcuaf `k acclkf it is io gotkrbkfgiry. Vdk ioekas irk mcosgfkrkf is gotkrbkfgirgks `ktwkko i pdysgmia wcraf iof i ocopdysgmia Ecf, iof G tdgol tdk octgco cn i spkmtrub gs iasc usknua go tdgs mcotkxt, go tdgolgoe cn tdk spgrgt bcakmuak. Intkr G mcgokf tdk pdrisk, i nrgkof wis rkbgofkf cn i pdrisk go Ekoksgs i`cut bystgms ismkofgoe nrcb tdk kirtd `kncrk bio wis ircuof tc wiofkr gt. Vdkrk‗s i mi``iagstgm mcomkpt cn tdk bgst, wdgmd gs lgof cn tdk eis go tdk `accf, iof dk tdcuedt tdit FBV biy divk `kko, cr bgedt `k tdk bgst. Vdk wiy dk pdriskf gt wis is tdk bcst spgrgtuia cn bitkrgia iof tdk bcst bitkrgia cn tdk spgrgtuia. F

: Ioctdkr fyoibgm tdit G fgfo‗t bkotgco tdit G tdgol gs i rkia

lky tc uofkrstiofgoe Ukstkro psymdkfkagm muaturk gs tdk octgco cn tdk simrkf iof tdk prcniok tcektdkr `kgoe i pirifcxgmia frgvkr cn tdk

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

96=

spgrgtuia pitd. Kagifk bifk tdk simrkf iof tdk prcniok cok cn tdk lky kakbkots go dgs uofkrstiofgoe cn mcbpiritgvk rkagegco‖tdit tdkrk‗s tdk simrkf iof prcniok go ioy muaturk. Gt bgedt divk fgnnkrkot quiagtgks tc gt, `ut tdkrk‗s iawiys tdgs lgof cn fgstgomtgco. @ut Kagifk wis iasc vkry lkko tc kbpdisgzk tdit prktty bumd ioytdgoe tdit ycu mio gbiegok go tdk wcraf, ioy pirt cn tdk wcraf, dis it scbk pcgot cr ioctdkr `kko gfkotgngkf `y scbk muaturk cr ioctdkr is `kgoe simrkf. Go ctdkr wcrfs, stunn tdit bcst ercups tdgol cn is prcniok gs mcosgfkrkf simrkf `y scbkcok. ]c tdkrk‗s i wkgrf tkosgco `ktwkko tdk simrkf iof tdk prcniok. Vdky‗rk oct mcbpaktkay skpiritkf. Iof go nimt tdky‗rk lgof cn accpkf wgtdgo kimd ctdkr. Iof G tdgol i vkry lky wiy cn uofkrstiofgoe psymdkfkagm muaturk go tdk Ukst gs tdit gt‗s accpy go prkmgskay tdit wiy. Gt gs paiygoe wgtd `ctd sgfks. Uitmdgoe Eridib ]t. Jcdo‗s prkskotitgco, wk fgfo‗t ec is nir wgtd gt is G wiotkf tc, wdgmd wcuaf `k tc ec gotc tdk pcp muaturk, tdk pcp dcrrcr, iof muaturk tdk Acvkmrint is acclgoe wkaa is tdk tdit‗s go scbk cn tdk psymdkfkagm tdit dk‗s it. eiufgokss Gn ycu tdgol cn scbk ispkmts cn psytriomk muaturk, cr ioy oub`kr cn tdgoes wk mio tdgol cn nrcb tdk sgxtgks, makiray wk‗rk oct go ioy`cfy‗s mcovkotgcoia octgco cn tdk simrkf. Go nimt scbktgbks gt‗s kxpagmgtay frgvgoe ieigost tdit gotc dkfcogsb, gotc wkgrfokss, gotc just `kgoe mrizy, gotc i lgof cn iotgiutdcrgtirgio bcvk iwiy nrcb ioy trifgtgcoia octgco cn tdk simrkf. Udit fc wk fc wgtd iaa tdit stunn3 @kmiusk tdrkifkf wgtdgo tdit wkgrfokss, tdit firlokss‖oct kvko go fyoibgm cppcsgtgco tc gt‖gs scbktdgoe cn tdk simrkf. Iof tdit tkosgco, it akist, skkbs tc `k vkry lky `kmiusk go i skosk tdk simrkf gs tdk fyoibgm tkosgco `ktwkko tdk simrkf iof tdk prcniok. E

] .J

: G just wiotkf siy tdit ycurs wis i ni`uacus prksko-

titgco. Wcu kvclkf ncr bk tdk sgeogngmiomk go tdk psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomk, cn dcw mcbpkaagoe tdk psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomk gs. Uk‗rk mcbpkaakf tc irtgmuaitk tdk kxpkrgkomk, wk‗rk mcbpkaakf tc wrgtk i`cut gt, wk‗rk mcbpkaakf tc prcfumk trgp rkpcrts iof mrkitk irt. Vdcsk irk simrkf prcmkssks, tdgoes aglk mconkssgco cr, go tdk iek cn tdk gotkrokt, tdk mconkssgcos cn

966

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

]UGB‖]cbkcok Udc Gso‗t Bk. Uk divk tdksk rdktcrgmia bcbkots tdit wk mio dioe cur mconkssgcos co. Iof sc wk divk tdk spgrgt bcakmuak, iof wk divk tdcsk puolgsd kavks, iof wk divk tdk gmcoceripdy tdit‗s prcvgfkf `y Iakx Erky iof sc co. Pgmdirf Fcyak‖G fco‗t locw gn ycu‗vk rkif Firwgo‗s Xdirbimy‖dis scbk ni`uacus tdgoes tc siy i`cut rdktcrgm iof rdktcrgmia bcfks go tdk psymdkfkagm iek. F

: I`scautkay. Pgedt. Vdgs bilks bk tdgol cn wdit dippkos wdko

ycu accl it tdk skvkotkkotd iof kiray kgedtkkotd mkoturgks, wdko tdgs smgkomk stunn gs ekttgoe ecgoe, wdko mdkbgstry gs trygoe tc fkngok gtskan ieigost tdk iamdkbgmia trifgtgco cut cn wdgmd gt kbkrekf. Gofgvgfuias irk vkry govkstkf go bilgoe tdgs fgvgsgco. Cok cn tdk tdgoes tdky fc tc bilk tdgs fgstgomtgco gs mdioek tdkgr rdktcrgm. Wcu `kego tc ekt tdk fry styak‖tdk tkakeripdkf, ocopcktgm wiy cn fksmrg`goe io kxpkrgbkot cr io kvkot‖wdgmd wk iaa stgaa usk, tdit‗s pirt cn tdk wdcak pcgot. Gt dippkos go aioeuiek< sc go scbk wiys tdit skpiritgco cn smgkomk nrcb tdk rkst cn dubio muaturk‖wdgmd gso‗t uatgbitkay i skpiritgco `ut mdioeks kvkrytdgoe ocoktdkakss‖cmmurs rdktcrgmiaay. Vdk pcktgm skosg`gagty, wdgmd mirrgks wgtd gt bktipdcr, rkscoiomk, iaausgco imrcss tgbk, fgnnkrkot fgbkosgcos cn aioeuiek, iof kxpkrgkomk, ekts wdgttakf fcwo tc scbktdgoe tdit mio `k mcomrktgzkf iof mairgngkf. Vdgs gs i bijcr sdgnt go smgkotgngm aioeuiek. Iof sc G tdgol cur aioeuiek ircuof psymdkfkagms gs dgeday gbpcrtiot iof gs i rkiaay gbpcrtiot ktdgmia fgbkosgco tc lkkp go bgof. ]

: G wis wcofkrgoe dcw ycu uofkrstccf Vkrkomk‗s stitk-

bkot i`cut `kagkn. F

: Ukaa is ncr Vkrkomk, tdit‗s i vkry eccf qukstgco. Cok cn tdk

tdgoes G‗b gotkrkstkf go gs tdit pcgot wdkrk pkcpak ipprcimd wdit wk wcuaf miaa rkagegco cr rkagegcus kxpkrgkomk, `ut tdky iasc rksgst gt go virgcus wiys cr lkkp gt it `iy. Cok wiy tc fc tdit gs tc bigotigo i lgof cn oituriagst pkrspkmtgvk. Iof G tdgol Vkrkomk wis dgeday gonaukomkf `y dgs acvk cn Uiaaimk, `y dgs acvk cn `ctioy, iof cn oituria dgstcry‖G nkka

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

96;

wkgrf tialgoe wgtd Fkoogs dkrk, `ut G‗b just ecgoe tc stiy wgtd Vkrkomk `kmiusk gt bilks gt kisgkr . . . B L F

: Vdkrk‗s oct i act cn fgnnkrkomk. : G locw, G bkio, gt‗s just wkgrf ioywiy. Vkrkomk wis vkry bctg-

vitkf `y tdit bcfka cn tdk oituriagst kxpacrkr, sc dk ipprcimdkf tdk FBV rkiab cr tdk psymdkfkagm rkiab is ioctdkr paimk. Gt‗s aglk io uokxpacrkf mcotgokot, iof sc wk put co cur pgtd dkabkts cn iwirkokss, wk c`skrvk, iof wk piy ittkotgco tc fktiga. Vdksk irk iaa mdirimtkrgstgms tdit G tdgol erkw cut cn dgs cwo oituriagst tkbpkribkot, `kgoe i rcml dcuof iof sumd wdko dk wis i ycuoe bio iof rkiaay eacbbgoe co tc tdk bcfka cn tdk oituriagst is tdk prcpkr ipprcimd tc tdksk kxpkrgkomks is cppcskf tc tdk spgrgtuia ipprcimd. G bkio, Vkrkomk stirtkf fcgoe tdgs stunn it i tgbk wdko kvkrycok wis turogoe tc ycei iof bystgmgsb iof ^kfioti. Iof dk‗s aglk ‑oc.‒ Dk‗s gotkrkstkf biegmgsiof iamdkby tdio ioygocnitdit tdit‗sbcrk prc`i`ay `kmiuskgobiegm bcrk aglk oituriagsb act cnstunn, wiys,iof it akist Ukstkro biegm. Iof sc tdit agok i`cut `kagkn gs dgs wiy cn bigotigogoe tdit pkrspkmtgvk. Dk fgfo‗t wiot tc ekt swiaacwkf up go i pirtgmuair `kagkn systkb, kvko tdcued cn mcursk go scbk wiys dk fgf. Vdk Vgbkwivk wis i `kagkn tdit wis gomrkfg`ay gbpcrtiot tc dgb. Uk mio‗t uofkrstiof ioytdgoe tdit dk fgf wgtdcut rkmceogzgoe dgs okkf tc dcaf co tc, tc rkprcfumk, tc lkkp wcrlgoe co, iof rknakmtgoe co scbktdgoe tdit bcst pkcpak‖gomaufgoe byskan‖skk is i lgof cn mceogtgvk ni`uaitgco, is scbktdgoe tdit fckso‗t dcaf rkia witkr ncr iaa scrts cn rkiscos. Vdit‗s cliy, gt fckso‗t `ctdkr bk. Gt fckso‗t rkfumk by skosk cn Vkrkomk‗s `rgaagiomk cr gbpcrtiomk. Vdkrk gs i pirifcx tdkrk. Wkt G stgaa tdgol dgs stitkbkot gs truk go i wiy, cr gt pcgots tc scbktdgoe sgeogngmiot i`cut tdk wiy go wdgmd wk `iaiomk i fksgrk ncr komdiotbkot iof uofkrstiofgoe iof mcookmtgco iof komcuotkr wgtd i lgof cn sustigokf iof slkptgmia fgskomdiotbkot, wdgmd go i wiy gs i lgof cn oituriagst biegm. B L

: Biy`k i sgeo cn i erkit bgof gs tdit ycu mio dcaf

96>

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

mcotrifgmtgcos go diof iof `k mcbncrti`ak wgtd tdit. Udit ycu‗rk iaaufgoe tc gs tdk muaturk cn Vkrkomk tdit G fgsmusskf go by tial ykstkrfiy wgtd iaa cn tdgs ibizgoe fksmrgptgco cn tdk pdkocbkocacey cn kxpkrgkomk< tdk aist skotkomk wis ‑ykt wk bust govkstgeitk gt go tdk usuia wiy.‒ Uditkvkr tdit gs. ]c tdit‗s tdk pgtd-dkabkt kxpacrkr fcgoe tdit. Vdkrk‗s i mcupak cn tdgoes G‗f aglk tc siy< ncr cok, ycu locw Vkrkomk dif tdgs `kagkn systkb i`cut tdk Vgbkwivk. G bkio dk wis vkry govkstkf go tdit, iatdcued G tdgol biy`k aitkr go agnk dk dgbskan dif skrgcus fcu`ts tdit pkcpak uofkrstccf gt pkrdips is wkaa is dk fgf, wdgmd rigskf mrgtgmgsbs iof dgs nigtd go tdit wis sdilko. @ut ncr bioy ykirs dk wis govcavkf go io gaausgco< G bkio, G `kagkvk dk `kagkvkf gt dgbskan, dk imtuiaay `kagkvkf tdit tdk busdrccb wis io kxtritkrrkstrgia kotgty. Dk wcuaf tial i`cut tdk ]trcpdkrgi iof io iek cn tdk mcbgoe cn tdk ]trcpdkrgi, wdgmd gs wdy wdko Jio Grvgoe, ncr kxibpak, tctiaay bgsgotkrprkts gt wdko Vkrkomk siys, ‑wkaa G wcrlkf ncr tdkb uofkrercuof ncr i acoe tgbk iof tdko tdky put tdit bk gotdkXP.‒ Dk wis tialgoe tdk busdrccb< dk skrgcusay `kagkvkf busdrccbs wkrk ioi`cut gotkaagekot rimk cr i mdiooka tc io gotkaagekot rimk cn `kgoes, iof dk dif i jc` wgtd tdkb‖dk wis tdkgr ib`issifcr. Iof dk wis, go i skosk, `ut dk wis go i fkausgcoia spimk, tdcued i `kogeo kocued fkausgcoia spimk. Biy`k gt wiso‗t i fkausgco. @ut tdko tdk ctdkr tdgoe i`cut tdk prgbimy cn tdk komcuotkr, tdk psymdkfkagms, iof tdk kxpkrgkomk gs tdit go scbk wiys‖G‗vk sigf tdgs iof G tdgol ctdkr pkcpak divk tcc‖psymdkfkagms irk io gocmuaub ieigost nigtd. Nigtd gs `kgoe islkf tc `kagkvk scbktdgoe wdkrk tdkrk‗s oc kvgfkomk. Wcu fco‗t divk tc divk nigtd tc kxpkrgkomk psymdkfkagms. Go nimt gt‗s `kttkr gn ycu fco‗t. G gbiegok Pgml wgaa tilk gssuk wgtd tdgs, `ut gt fckso‗t rkqugrk nigtd, gt sgbpay rkqugrks rkmkptgvgty iof murgcsgty . . . F B L P

: Xrimtgmk iof piy ittkotgco. : Divk tdk komcuotkr, bilk cn gt wdit ycu wgaa. : Fkoogs tdit wis i acvkay agttak pcgot tdit ycu rigskf

tdkrk i`cut agvgoe wgtd i mcotrifgmtgco. Vdkrk wis i ogoktkkotd mkotury

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

965

@rgtgsd kx-bgssgcoiry go Mdgoi, iof dk bkkts i euy iof dk isls, ‑Irk ycu Mconumgiogst cr Vicgst3‒ Iof tdk euy siys, ‑Wkp.‒ \Iufgkomk aiuedtkr.R Krgl, tdkrk wis cok gssuk tdit ycu rigskf tdit G tdgol gs rkiaay gbpcrtiot. Gt‗s i pcgot tdit G rigskf go tdk subbkr it tdk \@rkilgoe McovkotgcoR mconkrkomk . . . F P

: Wks, G divko‗t skko tdit tial ykt, `ut G‗vk dkirf i act i`cut gt. : Iargedt, tdk cok gssuk G rigsk gs tdk nimt tdit ycu‖

wk‖iaa friw ircuof tdgs mcbbuogty cn scuas. Uk irk dkrk is i mcbbuogty cn scuas, cur nibgay, cur nrgkofs, iof cur oktwcrls, iof wk friw tc us pkcpak tdit wk wiot tc friw tc us‖is ctdkr pkcpak friw us tc tdkb‖iof wk fco‗t friw tc us tdcsk typks cn `kgoes tdit wk wcuaf ngof rkiaay dcstgak iof rkiaay uookectgi`ak, rgedt3 Vdk sibk gs truk wgtd iaa gn wk irk skttgoe curskavks up gotc i sgtuitgcodubio wdkrk`kgoes< wk irk tdkrkncrk tilgoe skrgcusay fgsmussgcos, stcrgks, iof kxpaioitgcos cn kavks iof tdk wkk ncal, wk‗rk tialgoe i`cut kotgtgks wdc fc oct wiot vkokritgoe. Vdky fco‗t wiot ycu tc rigsk io iatir iof tc creiogzk tdk mdurmd cn tdk dkivkoay kan, ycu locw3 Vdky‗rk ecgoe tc trgp ycu up iof put ycur nimk go tdk mustirf tirt. Vdky‗rk ecgoe tc paiy wgtd ycu iof tgk ycur sdckaimks tcektdkr. Kvkry tgbk ycu try iof ekt tcc acnty iof tcc tdkcacegmia, tdky‗rk ecgoe tc smrkw ircuof wgtd ycu. Iof mcoskqukotay, gt‗s `y gts cwo oiturk i mcotrifgmtgco go tkrbs tdit tdkrk mcuaf kvkr `k i scakbo, scb`kr mcbbuogco cn pkcpak mkak`ritgoe go i scb`kr paimk tdksk nuooy agttak `kgoes. Fc ycu skk3 ]c G acvk tdk nimt tdit go i wiy ycu divk tc lkkp ycur wgts i`cut ycu, ycu divk tc `k iakrt, ycu mio‗t i`iofco pcagtgmia tdcuedt, iof ycu mio‗t ec go tdkrk siygoe ‑tilk bk wgtd ycu!‒, `kmiusk tdky‗aa prc`i`ay mduml ycu cnn i magnn. Iof sc ycu okkf tc okectgitk. Wcu okkf tc `k iagvk, iof iwirk, iof prkskot< G tdgol tdit‗s wdit ycu wkrk tcumdgoe upco wdko ycu wkrk tialgoe i`cut Vkrkomk. F

: Wks, tdit‗s vkry wkaa put, vkry wkaa put.

964

O

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

: Iaa tdgs gs truk, `ut wdit gs iasc truk gs tdit iyiduismi, ncr

kxibpak, dis akiot gtskan tc rkagegco wgtd erkit kotdusgisb. Biy`k ycu mcuaf mcbbkot co tdit3 F

: G wis just tdgolgoe tdk sibk tdgoe iof ecgoe, ‑cd tdit‗s i `ge

qukstgco, biy`k G‗aa oct iffrkss gt . . .‒ sc ycu‗vk ncrmkf by diof. \Iufgkomk aiuedtkr.R Cn mcursk tdkrk gs rkagegco go tdk wdcak pgmturk, iof G tdgol Bkstgzc rkagegcos iof primtgmks irk kisgkr tc tial i`cut dkrk `kmiusk tdky‗rk macskr tc tdk Ukst go i act cn wiys. Vdky‗rk iarkify lgof cn fkrimgoitkf go tkrbs cn gofgekokgty, iof makiray tdkrk‗s tdgs kocrbcus piocpay cn rkaitgcos, go tdit tdkgr primtgmk gs govcavkf wgtd dkiagoe. Iof tdko ycu ekt gotc tdgs fgsmussgco i`cut dcw wk tial i`cut rkagegcos wdkrk tdkrk gs uoercuofkf nigtd, iof ykt tdky skkb prcfumtgvk ncr acts cn pkcpak. G‗b oct jufebkotia i`cut tdgoes tdit wcrl ncr pkcpak. G‗b bcrk gotkrkstkf iof bcrk trcu`akf `y tdk wiy go wdgmd mkrtigo ispkmts cn tdit rkagegcsgty mcbk gotc tdk fkvkacpkf wcraf. G‗b wiry cn tdk wiy go wdgmd pkcpak scrt cn turo cvkr tdkgr `kagkn iof tdgol i`cut tdksk tdgoes sgbpagstgmiaay, pirtgmuairay wgtd iyiduismi wdkrk ycu divk tdgs wdcak okcdgppy wcraf, iof tdk sdibio gs tdk okw euru. Wcu mio akiro nrcb sdibios iof eurus, `ut ycu sdcuaf okvkr wcrsdgp tdkb. Iof kvko tdit‗s cliy, biy`k. Kvko tdcued G‗b gotkrkstkf go fksmrg`goe tdgs bcrk slkptgmia trgmlstkr pitd, G‗b vkry oct mrgtgmia cn pkcpak‗s cwo wiys tdrcued tdk bkss, gomaufgoe prcncuof rkagegcus `kagkn iof tdgoes tdit@ut G divk i erkit fkia cngorkspkmt ncr. i pirtgmuair pitd wdkrk ycu G ib gotkrkstkf irtgmuaitgoe biy spkof tgbk go tdk bystkry, ycu biy ec tc tdk mkrkbcoy, ycu biy fgsmcvkr tdksk kxpkrgkomks wgtdcut diofgoe cvkr ycur `kagkn. G divk by cwo ecfs, iof G divk dif komcuotkrs tdit divk mdioekf bk. G just fco‗t tial i`cut tdkb `kmiusk gt‗s oct rkiaay ipprcprgitk iof oct wdit G‗b gotkrkstkf go tialgoe i`cut go i pu`agm fgsmcursk. @ut G divk by cwo rkaitgcos. Gt wcuaf `k i`surf ncr bk tc siy, ‑cd tdksk rkagegcos

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

967

irk fkvgitgcos nrcb tdgs godkrkot komcuriekbkot nrcb cur psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomks tc stiy iwilk iof lkkp co ycur tcks.‒ G‗b rkiaay tialgoe i`cut i pirtgmuair wiy cn `kgoe go tdkrk, gosgfk tdk trgp, tdit G tdgol gs vkry gbpcrtiot iof mkotria tc by wiy cn skkgoe tdgoes, `ut gt gso‗t okmkssirgay truk ncr kvkrycok, pirtgmuairay gn tdky‗rk `rcuedt up go tdit muaturk. @ut G locw Ukstkrokrs wdc divk ecok fkkp gotc scbktdgoe aglk [F^*, iof tdk prc`akbs iof tdk `kiuty cn tdit pitd rkprkskots tdk sibk lgofs cn tdgoes G skk wgtd ctdkr rkagegcos cr cmmuat `kagkn systkbs tdit fco‗t divk i psymdkfkagm `isgs. B L

: @ut kvkry tgbk ycu divk i bystkrgub trkbkofub‖i truk

spgrgtuia bystkry‖scbk`cfy‗s ecgoe tc try tc mc-cpt gt< gso‗t tdit ksskotgiaay wdit‗s ecgoe co3 Oct just wgtd iyiduismi, oct just psymdkfkagm rkagegcos, `ut ioytdgoe3 F B L

: Bkfgtitgco tcc. : G bkio kvkry creiogzkf rkagegco wiots tc aiy maigb tc gt,

sgomk ycu locw, ‑wk‗rk tdk lkkpkrs, tdk euirfgios, iof tdk coay truk gostgtutgco tdit‗s dcocrgoe tdgs rkia bystkry.‒ Iof tdit‗s wdy psymdkfkagms irk sumd i mcouofrub ncr rkagegcos, `kmiusk tdit‗s tdkgr pcsgtgco. Vdko tdky turo ircuof iof fc kvkrytdgoe tdky mio tc supprkss tdk imtuia komcuotkr co io gofgvgfuia akvka wgtd tdk truk bystkry. Vdit‗s wdkrk tdk prgksts irk, tdky‗rk suppcskf tc gotkrprkt tdgoes ncr ycu . . . F

: Wks, mkrtigoay, iof gt‗s iawiys ecgoe tc `k tdkrk. ]c go i wiy G

nkka tdkrk‗s i bgffak pitd `ktwkko tdksk zcoks. Vdkrk‗s io gbiek it tdk kof cn Vdk Govgsg`ak Aiofsmipk tdit tials i`cut sdibiogsb. G‗b surk ycu divk i fgnnkrkot cpgogco i`cut sdibios tdio ycu fgf it tdit pcgot, `ut gt dis iawiys stiykf wgtd bk. Vdkrk‗s tdgs gbiek cn tdk sdibio is tdk tgedtrcpk wialkr tdrcued psymdcsgs‖gt‗s i lgof cn bitkrgiagst vgkw `ut gt‗s i eccf cok. Vdkrk‗s scbktdgoe i`cut tdk tgedtrcpk wialkr tdit immcrfs wgtd tdk wiy tdk wcraf ippkirs is G ib tialgoe i`cut gt rgedt *[ogíc fk ^kektia, i spgrgtuia creiogzitgco fkfgmitkf tc tdk simribkot cn iyiduismi.

9;8

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

ocw. Gt‗s iawiys go tkosgco iof go rkaitgco, iof ycu lgof cn wiot tc tilk i oip scbktgbks `ut ycu‗vk ect tc lkkp co tdk `iaiomk cn tdk tdgoe. ]

: Fckso‗t iaa rkagegco govcavk komcuotkrs wgtd kotgtgks3 G‗b

rkagegcus byskan< G priy co i figay `isgs, iof gn ycu priy tdko ycu‗rk imtuiaay govgtgoe io komcuotkr. Go tdk Mdrgstgio rkagegco pkcpak priy tc Ecf, tdky sigots, tc ioekas. Go iaa tdkrkagegcos Dgofu rkagegco ycu priy priy tc iaatcscrts cn iof ecfstdky iof priy ecffkssks. ]c go tdkrk‗s tdgs komcuotkr is pirt cn figay rkagegcus agnk, go tdk skosk cn ncrbgoe i rkaitgcosdgp cr i mcookmtgco. F

: G fco‗t fgsierkk wgtd tdit it iaa. G‗b oct siygoe tdit tdgs gs tdk

paimk wdkrk ycu ekt io komcuotkr iof go bcrk crfgoiry rkagegco gt‗s just ocoskosk. @ut G fc tdgol tdit ncr bioy pkcpak go i rkagegco, just is ncr bioy pkcpak wdc irk psymdkfkagm uskrs, tdkrk gso‗t tdit fkerkk cn ittkotgco, ritdkr tdkrk gs i lgof cn just ncaacwgoe iacoe iof oct rkiaay fkiagoe wgtd tdk bystkry tdkb. tdkrk‗s iawiys tdit vkgoiof cn ncaacwkrs wgtdgo rkagegcos`kncrk tdit irk vkry@ut mcosmgcusay‖gofgvgfuiaay mcaakmtgvkay‖muatgvitgoe tdksk rkaitgcosdgps tdit akif tc rkia komcuotkrs tdit irk triosncrbgoe go tdk sibk wiys tdit G wis tialgoe i`cut. ]c G skk tdksk rkagegcos is scrt cn piriaaka go i wiy, `ut G‗b iasc gotkrkstkf go tdgs nrkktdgolgoe lgof cn spgrgtuiagty. Iof tdit‗s bcrk wdkrk G‗b mcbgoe nrcb. ]

: G tdgol gt‗s vkry gotkrkstgoe, `ut G tdgol tdk mcotkxt ncr i

act cn pkcpak gs i rkagegcus `imlercuof wdkrk komcuotkrs wgtd ctdkr `kgoes irk mcbpaktkay bigostrkib iof stiofirf, tdrcued priykr iof sc co. B L

: @ut gs priygoe io komcuotkr go gtskan3 G bkio priygoe gs

scrt cn aglk skofgoe i bkbc. Gn ycu ekt io ioswkr `iml, ycu‗vk ect io komcuotkr. F

: Ukaa akt bk cnnkr io kxibpak. Vdkrk‗s i wcofkrnua `ccl `y

io iotdrcpcacegst oibkf Vioyi Audrbioo, iof gt‗s miaakf Udko Ecf Vials @iml. Go Ibkrgmio kvioekagsb, kspkmgiaay go tdk aist tdgrty cr ncrty ykirs, tdkrk dis `kko io kbpdisgs co tdk pkrscoia rkaitgcosdgp

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

9;9

wgtd Jksus iof oct go i ekokria skosk `ut agtkriaay, go tkrbs cn divgoe tdit prkskomk, tdit vcgmk, tdit eugfgoe vcgmk wgtdgo ycu. Udit Audrbioo tials i`cut‖i `kiutgnua kxibpak cn dcw ycu mio sgbuatiokcusay `k truk tc i slkptgmia scmgia-smgkotgst vgkw iof stgaa `k kxtrkbkay ipprkmgitgvk iof suppcrtgvk cn pkcpak‗s rkagegcus kxpkrgkomks‖gs dcw pkcpak, is tdky bcvk tdrcued tdkgr nigtd, divk tc akiro dcw tc agstko ncr tdk ‑vcgmk cn Ecf.‒ ]c ycu mcuaf siy, ‑wkaa tdky‗rk just `kgoe immuaturitkf,‒ gn ycu‗rk `kgoe i slkptgmia scmgia smgkotgst. @ut nrcb tdk gosgfk gt‗s iasc i`cut i qukstgco cn primtgmk: dcw fc pkcpak go tdk mcursk cn tdkgr spgrgtuia agvks fkvkacp tdk mipimgty tc rkmceogzk, akt‗s siy ‑vcgmks go ycur dkif,‒ is ncrbs cn rkaitgco wgtd i `kgoe tdit dis tdk ncrmk cn komcuotkr3 Uditkvkr tdk cotcacey gs, gt‗s scbktdgoe tdit‗s `ugat tdrcued trigogoe. Gt‗s kxtrkbkay rkia iof kxgstkotgia. B L

: @ut gn ycu fgfo‗t ekt io ioswkr `iml it akist cmmisgcoiaay

gt wcuaf `k nrustritgoe. Wcu‗f ekt tgrkf< bcst pkcpak wcuaf egvk up kvkotuiaay. ]

: G fco‗t tdgol bcst pkcpak kxpkrgkomk priykr is just skof-

goe i rkqukst aglk io kbiga iof tdko dcpgoe ncr io ioswkr. G tdgol tdky kxpkrgkomk gt is `kgoe‖wkaa G mio spkil ncr byskan‖G kxpkrgkomk gt is `kgoe go tdk prkskomk cn Ecf, iof cpko tc tdk fgvgok, iof aglk i mcovkrsitgco bumd bcrk tdio skofgoe io kbiga. B L ]

: Fcks dk ioswkr `iml go i pkrscoia wiy3 : Wks, oct tdrcued wcrfs, `ut tdrcued tdk skosk cn

prkskomk. B L ]

: Pgedt. : Ukaa tdkrk irk fgnnkrkot lgofs cn priykr, `ut tdk rkqukst

lgof gs i pktgtgco. Wcu locw tdkrk irk iasc priykrs cn tdiolsegvgoe, iof tdkrk irk priykrs cn erimk< sc priykrs irko‗t coay tc rkqukst.

9;0

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

: Oc, qugtk. G ierkk. Iof tdkrk‗s mcotkbpaitgvk priykr,

]

wdgmd gs vkry sgbgair tc bkfgtitgco. F

A

P

M

: G tdgol prc`i`ay just cok aist qukstgco. -D

: G‗vk `kko agstkogoe wgtd io cpko bgof

sgomk G‗vk `kko dkrk iof bcrk iof bcrk `ugafgoe up i nkkagoe tdit G sdcuaf siy scbktdgoe go fknkosk cn wdit‗s scbktgbks rknkrrkf tc is i bitkrgiagst ipprcimd. Gt‗s io uoncrtuoitk tkrb, scrt cn scuofs aglk bitkrgiagst is go tdk imqugsgtgco cn bitkrgia eccfs. Go tkrbs cn dkirgoe ycu tialgoe i`cut tdk fry aioeuiek tdit ycu wgaa ngof go smgkotgngm agtkriturk, G wiot tc nribk tdit sagedtay fgnnkrkotay. G wiot tc siy tdit wdit wk igb tc fc is smgkotgsts gs tc `k fgspissgcoitk, tc rkiaay egvk curskavks tdk `kst mdiomk tc eakio wdit gs truk. G iasc wiot tc fknkof tdk gfki tdit smgkotgsts irk coay intkr ekttgoe tdk okxt pu`agmitgco cr tdk okxt eriot. G‗b dkrk wgtd io cpko bgof< G‗b gotkrkstkf go kotgty kxpkrgkomks mio `k gofumkf `y FBV. G wiot tc siytdksk by bctgvitgco gs cok cntdit priebitgsb is i smgkotgst. G wiot tc dkir tdk pdkocbkocacey, G wiot tc `k systkbitgm, G wiot tc `k priebitgm go by ipprcimd, iof G wiot tc tkst tdksk gfkis. G wiot tc put tdkb tc tdk tkst iof usk tdit bcfka is i wiy tc eakio trutd. Udit wcrrgks bk sagedtay i`cut i fksgrk ncr komdiotbkot gs tdit tdkrk‗s scbktdgoe wgsdnua is wkaa is `islgoe cr auxurgitgoe, G suppcsk, go bystkry iof komdiotbkot, wdgmd gs ngok. Is G siy G mcbk dkrk wgtd io cpko bgof wiotgoe tc uofkrstiof tdk pdkocbkoi `ut wgtd i bctgvitgco tc try tc stufy gt. G tdgol gn ycu just akivk gt go tdgs komdiotgoe spimk tdko ycu bgedt `k bctgvitkf oct tc kvko stufy gt. Iof sc G just wiotkf tc put by mirfs co tdk ti`ak. F

: G‗b vkry eaif ycu rkprkskotkf tdit dkrk. Vdit‗s wdy G rkiaay try

tc kbpdisgzk dcw, `ctd go tkrbs cn gotkaakmtuia wcrl iof go tkrbs cn spgrgtuia wcrl, tdit fgskomdiotbkot‖ioiaysgs, mrgtgquk, tdgolgoe dirf, `rkilgoe tdgoes fcwo, wditkvkr ycu wiot tc miaa tdit‖dis iawiys `kko kquia go by agnk tc komdiotbkot. Cok wgtdcut tdk ctdkr gs lgof cn acst

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes

9;=

go scbk skosk. Iof tdk pcgot i`cut fry gs oct tc siy, ‑cd gt‗s fry, smgkomk gs bgssgoe tdk tdgoe

Udy Biy FBV Cmmisgco ^krgfgmia Diaaumgoitgcos iof Goncrbitgvk Kxpkrgkomks3 KFK NPKM]LI

G ib vkry eritknua ncr `kgoe dkrk `ut it tdk sibk tgbk G nkka fgsdkirtkokf `kmiusk tcfiy G dkirf prkskotitgcos i`cut dcw fgnngmuat gt gs tc bilk stitkbkots co psymdkfkagms. G nkka scbkwdit vuaokri`ak `kmiusk G wgaa mcbk up wgtd strcoe stitkbkots i`cut psymdkfkagms. Vdk mdiaakoek G ib puttgoe byskan ieigost gs tc gotkrprkt dcw mcbk wk mio ekt scbktgbks rkagi`ak goncrbitgco nrcb iocbiacus scurmks, go io iocbiacus wiy. Iocbiacus, `kmiusk gt fckso‗t ngt gotc tdit lgof cn ‑eigogoe locwakfek‒ prcmkss tdit gs immkptkf go Ukstkro tdgolgoe. Gt‗s io iocbiacus scurmk, `kmiusk gt gs `iskf co tdk usk cn psymdkfkagms. Gt gs i sdibiogm primtgmk go tdk Ibizco @isgo: tdk muriofkrc, cr oitgvk dkiakr, puts tdk akivks cn i paiot gotc tdk diaaumgocekogm iyiduismi `rkw, iof go tdgs wiy dk cr sdk wgaa ekt go tcumd wgtd tdk spgrgt cn tdk paiot iof mio ittigo locwakfek i`cut gts dkiagoe pctkotgia. Go tdk iotdrcpcacegmia rkmcrfs, cok mio rkif tdit i ]g`krgio sdibio biy 9;6

Udy Biy FBV Cmmisgco ^krgfgmia Diaaumgoitgcos iof Goncrbitgvk Kxpkrgkomks3

9;;

ngof acst c`jkmts cr go @usdbio skttakbkots wdko tdk wcbko iof mdgafrko‖wdc wkrk aknt `kdgof wdgak tdk bko wkot co i duot‖lokw go ifviomk wdko tdk duotkrs wcuaf rkturo iof wcuaf bilk tdk okmkssiry prkpiritgcos ncr tdkgr wkamcbk. Vdksk irk pdkocbkoi cok biy miaa iocbiacus, sgomk Ukstkro imifkbgm tdgolgoe miooct gotkrprkt sumd rkpcrts iof mdccsks tc geocrk tdkb. Akt us fgsmuss ioctdkr tcpgm tdit wis go tdk tgtak cn cur sybpcsgub: paiot skotgkomk. Ukstkro smgkomk gs it tdk vkry `kegoogoe cn immkptgoe tdit paiots biy divk gotkaagekomk. Gt biy tilk Ukstkro imifkbgi i acoe tgbk tc rkiagzk iof imlocwakfek dcw bumd skotgkomk paiots biy divk. Bcrkcvkr, bcrk tgbk iof rkskirmd gs okkfkf ncr tdk immkptiomk tdit wk dubios irk mipi`ak cn immkssgoe paiots‗ locwakfek go i wiy sgbgair tc tdk muriofkrcs: wgtd tdk dkap cn tdk iyiduismi `rkw cr scbk ctdkr sdibiogm primtgmk. Vdkrkncrk, G ib prcpcsgoe i skmcof ncuofitgco cn locwakfek ncr tdk gotkrprktitgco iocbiacus gssuk. pdkocbkoi. G ibG nuaay tdit fgmdctcbgzgoe gs icnprc`akbitgm Pkeirfakss, tdgoliwirk gt‗s bcrk trcu`akscbk gn Ukstkro tdgolgoe fckso‗t octgmk tdit wk Ukstkrokrs irk fgmdctcbgzgoe, iof wk irk tctiaay tgkf tc cok sgfk cn i fuiagty. Udko G prkskotkf tdgs lgof cn mcomkpt tc i Li``iagst ri``g cr ]ung bcol G ect tdk rkspcosk: ‑Uk locw tdit locwakfek dis twc ncuofitgcos,‒ iof tdky iffkf, ‑Dcwkvkr, kvkotuiaay locwakfek gs Cok.‒ Mcotkbpcriry Ukstkro tdgolgoe gs `iskf co cok sgfk cn i fuiagty. Vwc wiys cn locwakfek wkrk prcpcskf `y Xirbkogfks cn Kaki, i Erkkl Xrkscmritgm tdgolkr wdc gs locwo is tdk Nitdkr cn Acegm iof tdk ‑ngrst bcvkr‒ cn Ukstkro ritgcoia tdgolgoe. Dcwkvkr, tdk Ukst dis ncaacwkf coay cok sgfk cn dgs tkimdgoe. Vcfiy G wgaa cnnkr i sgbgair fgmdctcby, `ut G divk oc mauk dcw tc eauk tdk twc sgfks tcektdkr tc `k Cok. Vdkrkncrk, G wgaa just prkskot tc ycu dcw fuiagsb ippkirs go tdk wiy cn skklgoe trutd. It tdk sibk tgbk, G wcuaf aglk tc mcovgomk ycu i`cut tdk mcbpakbkotirgty `ktwkko tdk twc wiys cn locwakfek. Go ksskomk, wdit G ib prcpcsgoe dkrk gs tdit wk irk i`ak tc ekt i

9;>

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

rkprkskotitgco cn tdk cutsgfk kovgrcobkot go twc fgnnkrkot wiys. Vdksk twc wiys cn rkprkskotitgco ncaacw tdk fuia oiturk cn tdk pdysgmia uogvkrsk: acmiagty iof ocoacmiagty. Acmiagty bkios kokrey kxmdioek wdko tdk goncrbitgco gs mcbgoe nrcb spimk-tgbk mcostrigots. Go tdksk misks, pirtgmaks dgt tdk skoscry creios iof tdk goncrbitgco ecks tdrcued mceogtgvk prcmkssgoe. Go i juxtipcsgtgco, G prcpcsk ioctdkr wiy cn bilgoe rkprkskotitgco cn tdk cutsgfk wcraf `iskf co ocoacmiagty. Co tdgs pitd G ib ieigost @rgtgsd kbpgrgmgsb `y stitgoe tdit goncrbitgco biy rkimd tdk `rigo wgtdcut ecgoe tdrcued tdk skosks. Go crfkr tc gotkrprkt bystgm tkimdgoes iof sdibiogm acrk, cok bust suppcsk tdit goncrbitgco prcmkssgoe biy `ypiss tdk skosks. Dcwkvkr, is G wgaa sdcw, gt fckso‗t `ypiss tdk `cfy. @iskf co tdk bcfka prkskotkf, tdk `cfy skrvks is scbk scrt cn quiotub irriy iotkooi `y ekttgoe ocoacmia goncrbitgco vgi quiotub mcrrkaitgcos nrcb tdk kovgrcobkot. Vdgs gotkrprktitgco gs oct i`cut aknt- iof rgedt-`rigo fgmdctcby. @isgmiaay, gt‗s oct gti`cut tdk fcbgoiomk cn tdkfgmdctcby aknt cvkr tdk rgedt dkbgspdkrk. Imtuiaay, gs i`cut io up iof fcwo `ktwkko okurcixcoia iof su`mkaauair akvkas wdgak iffrkssgoe goncrbitgco prcmkssgoe go tdk `rigo iof go tdk `cfy. G prcpcsk dkrk i okurc-cotcacegmia gotkrprktitgco cn spgrgtuia kxpkrgkomk. G ec nurtdkr tdio bioy smdcairs wdc immkpt spgrgtuia gfkis `ut usuiaay stcp it tdk kpgstkbcacegmia akvka. [suiaay, tdky try tc ivcgf fgsmussgoe tdk cotcacegmia `imlercuof cn tdksk kxpkrgkomks‖wdgmd gs wdit G ib ecgoe tc fc. Furgoe io gookr jcuroky tdk sdibio ecks scbkwdkrk, iof gt‗s strglgoe tdit dk `rgoes `iml goncrbitgco, wdgmd dk tdko usks tc gbprcvk tdk wkaa-`kgoe cn tdk mcbbuogty. Nrcb i systkbs tdkcry pkrspkmtgvk, tdk sdibio gs i rkgotkeritcr: dk gbprcvks tdk gotkeritgco cn tdk systkb. Gt gs oct pcssg`ak tc rkcreiogzk i fysnuomtgcoia systkb nrcb tdk gosgfk. Cok mio coay fc gt `y ekttgoe rkstrumturgoe goncrbitgco nrcb tdk cutsgfk. ]c, wdit gs tdk scurmk cn tdk sdibio‗s goncrbitgco3 Gt bust `k ocoacmia immcrfgoe tc by ioswkr. ^kry prc`i`ay, okurcos irk oct tdk coay `ugafgoe `acmls cn goncrbitgco prcmkssgoe, iof mcosmgcusokss gs oct kbkregoe nrcb okurcixcoia

Udy Biy FBV Cmmisgco ^krgfgmia Diaaumgoitgcos iof Goncrbitgvk Kxpkrgkomks3

9;5

imtgvgty. Udy oct3 Uk locw tdit tdkrk gs tdk c`skrvkr pirifcx go quiotub pdysgms: tdk c`skrvkr‗s fkmgsgco gonaukomks tdk cutmcbk cn tdk pdysgmia kxpkrgbkot. Vdko dcw gs gt tdit io kakmtrcmdkbgmia creio aglk tdk `rigo mio gonaukomk quiotub prcmkssks3 Vdk issubptgco tdit kvkry dubio kxpkrgkomk rksuats nrcb tdk imtgvgty cn cok oktwcrl, tdk okurcixcoia, biy turo cut tc `k i niaaimy cn okurcsmgkomk. Nriomgs Mrgml wis `caf kocued tc siy, ‑Wcu irk octdgoe `ut i piml cn okurcos.‒ Gt gs i rufkay rifgmia rkfumtgcogsb, oct `kmiusk gt‗s bitkrgiagstgm, is psymdcioiaysgs mio `k rifgmia siygoe, ‑Wcu irk octdgoe `ut i `uomd cn okurctgm mcbpakxks,‒ `ut tdit gs rkfumtgcogsb tcc. Vdkcrgks `iskf co maissgmia pdysgms irk gosunngmgkot tc kxpaigo wdc wk irk. Vdit gs ioctdkr niaaimy cn murrkot okurcsmgkomk. Gt‗s gotkrkstgoe tdit bcrk tdio ngnty ykirs iec, wgtdgo twc ykirs intkr fgsmcvkrgoe mcsbgm `imlercuof rifgitgco, pdysgmgsts iof istrcocbkrs immkptkf quiotub mcomkpts go kxpaioitgco cn tdk bimrcmcsbcs. Is nir is tdk bgmrcmcsbcs gs wk irkiof oct scbk tdkrk ctdkrs ykt, fkspgtk tdk gbpcrtiot stkps cn mcomkrokf, ]tuirt Dibkrcnn wdc divk gotrcfumkfgogtgia quiotub bkmdiogms gotc okurcsmgkomk. Go iffgtgco, ycu mio rkif i act go Okw Iek agtkriturk i`cut ‑tdk quiotub bgof‒‖wkaa, tdk quiotub skaas vkry wkaa. By mcotrg`utgco tc tdgs strkib gs fgsmussgoe dcw quiotub knnkmts biy rkimd tdk `rigo< wdit gs tdk gotkrnimk `ktwkko tdk quiotub wcraf iof tdk bgof3 Dcw fc G ipprcimd tdgs mdiaakoek3 G miooct ncaacw tdk typgmia smgkotgngm wiy‖kxpkrgbkotia iof sc co, oct kvko usgoe ctdkrs‗ tdkcrktgmia gfkis gomcrpcritkf gotc bgok‖`kmiusk gt‗s sumd io uomdirtkf tkrrgtcry. Gostkif G ib usgoe wdit G wcuaf miaa tdk ‑ittcroky‗s ipprcimd,‒ tdcued G‗vk okvkr `kko io ittcroky, sc pkrdips ittcrokys wcuafo‗t aglk wdit G‗b siygoe. G suppcsk tdit i eccf ittcroky fckso‗t divk tc locw okmkssirgay wdit tdk misk gs rkiaay< go crfkr tc wgo gt gs kocued ncr dkr tc rkvkia tdk gomcosgstkomgks cn tdk ctdkr pirty‗s stitkbkots. Vdkrkncrk, G‗b trygoe tc pcgot cut wdit gomcosgstkomgks wk divk go tdk Ukstkro ipprcimd. G aglk tdit kpgstkbcacegmia mcosgfkritgco immcrfgoe tc wdgmd kvkrytdgoe gs i`cut oirritgco: wk irk bilgoe stcrgks.

9;4

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

Kvko go smgkomk, wk irk ekokritgoe oirritgcos< tdkcrgks irk oirritgcos, cr stcrgks, tdit ncaacw mkrtigo ruaks, wdgmd G miaa tdk ‑Puaks cn ncur M.‒ Ugtdgo twc oirritgcos cr twc tdkcrgks, cok gs `kttkr: tdk cok tdit gs bcrk Mcbprkdkosgvk, Mcoerukot, Mcbpimt, cr `kttkr Mcookmtkf tc ctdkr ngkafs cn locwakfek. G aglk tdk ncurtd cok‖tdgs gs wdit G‗b usgoe dkrk‖`kmiusk G try tc mcookmt Ukstkro tdgolgoe tc bystgmia tdgolgoe. Ncr kxibpak, nrcb i priebitgm pcgot cn vgkw, tdk Xtcakbigm iof Mcpkrogmio wcrafvgkw wkrk kquia, `ut tdk Mcpkrogmio wcrafvgkw `kttkr nuangaakf tdk ncurtd ruak: gt wis `kttkr mcookmtkf tc ctdkr ngkafs cn locwakfek. By ecia gs tc mcbk up wgtd i eccf stcry `y ncaacwgoe tdk Puaks cn ncur M. Ieigost tdk niaaimy cn okurcsmgkomk, by mcuotkr-prcpcsia scuofs aglk tdgs: wk irk bcrk tdio cok oktwcrl. [suiaay G ditk tdk dcaceripdgm prgomgpak `kmiusk Okw Iek agtkriturk gs i`usgoe gt, `ut rkeirfakss G divk tc rknkr tc gt. Bittg Xgtlæoko‖tdk Ngoogsd pdysgmgst‖sigf tdit, ‑Vdk uogvkrsk gtskantccofckvkry akvka.‒ ]titkbkots aglk tdgs mio gaaustritk wditkbuaitks G ib trygoe `y triosaitgoe gotc Ukstkro aioeuiek wdit gs sigf `y bystgmia tkimdgoe cr gofgekocus pkcpak. Vdgs stitkbkot, ‑tdk uogvkrsk kbuaitks gtskan co kvkry akvka,‒ gs i mcotkbpcriry vkrsgco cn tdk dkrbkokutgm wgsfcb ‑is i`cvk, sc `kacw.‒ By `isgm tkokt gs: it tdk `cttcb cr tdk tcp‖gt fckso‗t bittkr wdkrk wk kotkr ocoacmia rkiabs‖ tdkrk gs i oco`gcacegmia wk` kb`kffgoe cur kxgstkomk iof mcosmgcusokss ocoacmiaay go tdk uogvkrsk. Fgsmussgoe tdk prgomgpak cn ocoacmiagty biy tilk i act cn tgbk. Xakisk accl gotc gt kaskwdkrk, sgomk tdgs gs io kbkregoe iof mcbpagmitkf mcomkpt. G mio coay iffrkss gt dkrk `rgknay. Cvkr tdk aist twkoty ykirs tdk prgomgpak cn ocoacmiagty dis ercwo up is tdk skmcof pgaair cn quiotub bkmdiogms. Vdk ctdkr pgaair gs Dkgsko`kre‗s [omkrtigoty Xrgomgpak. Ocoacmiagty bkios tdit kakbkotiry pirtgmaks, wdgmd wkrk pirt cn tdk sibk quiotub systkb, rkbigo mcookmtkf kvko intkr ippirkot skpiritgco. ]c, tdkgr stitk rkbigos go mcrrkaitgco wgtd kimd ctdkr. Ncr kxibpak, intkr eibbi fkmiy, io kakmtrco ecks cok wiy, iof i pcsgtrco ecks tdk ctdkr wiy. Gt gs stgaa cok quiotub systkb. ]c, gn ycu

Udy Biy FBV Cmmisgco ^krgfgmia Diaaumgoitgcos iof Goncrbitgvk Kxpkrgkomks3

9;7

mdioek tdk spgo cn cok, immcrfgoe tc \BixR Xaioml, tdk spgo cn tdk ctdkr bust mdioek gostiotiokcusay rkeirfakss cn dcw nir ipirt tdky irk. Ia`krt Kgostkgo sigf tdit tdgs gs spccly imtgco it i fgstiomk, iof dk trgkf tc rknutk gt. Go tdk kiray —48s, Iaigo Ispkmt‗s tkib, ncaacwkf `y ]gr Jcdo Irmdg`iaf Udkkakr‗s, wis i`ak tc sdcw tdit tdgs gs rkiaay tdk misk: kotioeakf kakbkotiry pirtgmaks bigotigo tdkgr mcookmtgco wgtd kimd ctdkr intkr skpiritgco. Ncr piripsymdcacegsts, ocoacmiagty mcbks tc tdk rksmuk is io kxpaioitgco cn psg pdkocbkoco. Dcwkvkr, tdk skmcof pgaair cn quiotub bkmdiogms, tdk uomkrtigoty prgomgpak, bilks tdkgr rkskirmd iof rkpagmitgco fgnngmuat: scbktgbks tdgs lgof cn gotkrimtgco mcbks up wgtd nuzzy rksuats. Vdkrkncrk, gn G try tc usk quiotub mcrrkaitgcos tc kxpaigo scbk iocbiacus pdkocbkoi, G divk tc ifbgt tdit it tgbks tdkgr spccly knnkmt mio `k prktty c`smurk iof uorkagi`ak. Mcosgfkrgoe tdk akvkas cn creiogzitgco rkakviot tc mcosmgcusokss nrcb scmgkty iof fcwoagok tc tdk smiak, `ktwkko G wcuaf aglk pcgot cut tdit tdkrk gs muaturk io ir`gtriry go Xaioml tdk bgffak, tdk tc syoiptgm iof tdk mytcslkaktia akvka \skk ngeurk 9R. I`cvk tdit agok, tdkrk gs i `cttcb-up iof tcp-fcwo gotkrimtgco it wcrl `ktwkko tdk akvkas. Ncr kxibpak, muaturk mio sdipk dcw cur okurcixcoia oktwcrl wgaa `k ocurgsdkf, iof tdk bilk-up cn cur okurcixcoia oktwcrl dis scbk gbpimt co wdit lgof cn scmgkty iof mcbbuogty wk `ugaf. ]c tdkrk irk tcpfcwo iof `cttcb-up gotkrimtgcos it wcrl go tdk uppkr ngkaf. Iasc i`cvk tdk fcttkf agok, nrcb okurcos up tc muaturk, wk divk eccf tdkcrgks i`cut dcw kvkry akvka egvks scbktdgoe tc dubio kxpkrgkomk. @kacw tdk agok, nrcb tdk mytcslkaktco fcwo tc tdk Xaioml smiak‖wdit tdk murrkot bigostrkib vgkw suppcsks‖tdkrk irk just skrvgkot, su`fcbgoiot akvkas. Vdky just bilk tdk ctdkr aiykrs i`cvk tdk agok nuomtgcoia, iof tdkrk gs oct tcc bumd tcp-fcwo cr `cttcb-up gotkrimtgco `ktwkko tdkb, iof wdit gs bcrk, tdky egvk octdgoe spkmgngm tc cur mcosmgcusokss. Fgvkregoe nrcb okurcsmgkotgngm vgkws tdit tgk mcosmgcusokss tc okurcixcoia imtgvgty, G suppcsk tdit tdksk acwkr akvkas iasc iff scbktdgoe tc dubio mcosmgcusokss, iof tdgs gs ocoacmiagty. Vdky irk i`ak tc `rgoe

9>8

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

dgedkr3 muaturk/scmgkty creiogsb/`rigo/pkrscoiagty su`pkrscoiagtgks/uomcosmgcus mcbpakxks ‑su`-`rigos‒ (dkbgspdkrks, BimAkio‗s trguok `rigo) mcrtgmc-tdiaibgm nkkf`iml accps `rigo bcfuaks/okuria oktwcrls okurcos/ixcos syoipsks/okuria bkb`rioks bgmrctu`uair oktwcrl bgmrcngaibkotia aittgmk mgtcsca prctkgo mcbpakxks dgfrcpdc`gm pimlkts vio fkr Uiias (Acofco) ncrmks kakmtrco supkrpcsgtgcos/pdctco pcairgzitgcos spimk-tgbk ekcbktry (Ilisdgm ngkaf3) Ngeurk 9. Creiogzitgcoia akvkas tdit paiy i rcak go dubio kxpkrgkomks.

go ocoacmia gonaukomks, cr gotkrimtgcos. @ut co wdit akvka mio tdky fc tdit kximtay3 Gn cok mcosgfkrs tdk okurcixcoia akvka, gt‗s prktty ‑bimrc‒ ncr quiotub kvkots. ]tuirt Dibkrcnn suppcskf tdit tdk bgmrctu`uair systkb mcuaf skrvk is i bkfgub ncr quiotub mcbputitgco, `ut dk fgfo‗t fgsmuss ocoacmiagty go dgs tdkcry. Bgmrctu`uag mrkitk i vist systkb, bumd vistkr tdio tdk okurcixcoia: tdkrk irk tko bgaagco tgbks bcrk `ugafgoe `acmls go tdk bgmrctu`uair systkb. Okvkrtdkakss, gt‗s oct bgousmuak kocued ncr ocoacmia gotkrimtgcos. Vdkrk gs ioctdkr systkb tdit gs ngokr tdio tdk bgmrctu`uair, iof tdit gs tdk bgmrcngaibkotia oktwcrl, cr tdk gotrimkaauair agpcprctkgo bkb`riok systkb. Vdgs systkb gs cok duek mcotgoucus bkb`riok‖`kmiusk tdk vist bijcrgty cn tdk `cfy‗s mkaas irk mcookmtkf wgtd kimd ctdkr tdrcued eip juomtgcos‖iof tdgs bkb`riok gs bgmrcsmcpgm kocued tc bigotigo quiotub mcrrkaitgcos wgtd tdk kovgrcobkot. ]cbkwdkrk it tdgs akvka G prcpcsk i quiotub irriy iotkooi oktwcrl, wdgmd rkmkgvks scbk ocoacmia knnkmt iof mio skrvk is i bkfgub ncr i dcaceripdgm rkprkskotitgco cn tdk kovgrcobkot.

Udy Biy FBV Cmmisgco ^krgfgmia Diaaumgoitgcos iof Goncrbitgvk Kxpkrgkomks3

9>9

G mio dirfay pgopcgot wdit mkaauair strumturk prcvgfks tdit gotkrnimk. Vdkrkncrk, go tdk rkst cn by prkskotitgco G wgaa rknkr tc tdgs is tdk su`mkaauair systkb, iof G‗ aa rknkr tc tdk ctdkr systkb is t dk okurcixcoia, wdgmd immcrfgoe tc tdk rkaitgvgstgm vgkw gs tdk coay oktwcrl tdit bilks us dubio. Kiragkr G bkotgcokf fuiagty iof mcbpakbkotirgty go tdk pdysgmia uogvkrsk, immcrfgoe tc wdgmd tdkrk gs i acmia iof ocoacmia fgmdctcby. Dkrk G prcpcsk i fuiagty iof mcbpakbkotirgty go locwakfek `y iffgoe i skmcof ncuofitgco cn locwakfek, `iskf co ocoacmiagty. Ugtd tdk dkap cn tdk su`mkaauair quiotub irriy iotkooi, cur `cfy gs go mcotimt wgtd tdk wdcak [ogvkrsk. G siy `cfy `kmiusk prc`i`ay gt‗s oct coay cur `rigo. Cur `cfy biy mcotigo tdk wdcak Mcsbcs aglk i dcacerib, wdgmd wcuaf suppcrt tdk trutds cn ‑tdk Lgoefcb cn Dkivko gs wgtdgo ycu,‒ iof ‑accl gotc ycurskan ycu irk @uffdi,‒ cr ‑is wgtdcut, sc wgtdgo.‒ Uk mio ekt locwakfek `y turogoe cutsgfk< tdgs gs tdk acmia wiy cn akirogoe, cn akirogoe cppcsgtk, ycu irk \skk turogoe gosgfk.`utGotdk tdkocoacmia Okstkf wiy Oktwcrl bcfkagscntdkdubio kxpkrgkomk ngeurk 0R, tdk `rigo‗s skoscry goputs irk acmia knnkmts iof govcavk kokrey kxmdioek. Go iffgtgco tc tdgs skoscry goput, tdkrk gs i dcacerib wgtdgo tdk `cfy, fkpkofgoe co ocoacmia quiotub mcrrkaitgco wgtd tdk cutsgfk wcraf. G try tc ivcgf tdk tkrb ‑kotioeakbkot,‒ `kmiusk kotioeakbkot gs i spkmgngm ncrb cn quiotub mcrrkaitgco. Murrkot tdkcrgks tdit stirt tc spkil i`cut ‑quiotub fgsmcrf‒ mio iasc `k tdk `isgs cn quiotub goncrbitgco. ]tuirt Dibkrcnn iof Pcekr Xkorcsk‗s tdkcry gbpagks tdit gn tdk strumturk cn i prctkgo bcakmuak mdioeks fuk tc kokrey kxmdioek wgtd ctdkr bcakmuaks, tdko tdkrk bust `k i mcrrkspcofgoe mdioek go biss immcrfgoe tc Kgostkgo‗s spkmgia tdkcry cn rkaitgvgty. Gn tdkrk gs i biss mdioek, tdko tdkrk bust `k i wrgolak go spimk-tgbk, immcrfgoe tc Kgostkgo‗s ekokria tdkcry cn rkaitgvgty. Cok biy siy tdgs gs io gongogtksgbiaay agttak mdioek, `ut quiotub bkmdiogms tkaas us dcw sbiaa mdioeks mio kxkrt vkry prcncuof knnkmts. Vdk bigo pcgot dkrk: agnk gs i`cut

9>0

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

Ngeurk 0. Okstkf oktwcrls wgtd twc goputs.

mcotgoucus kokrey kxmdioek< fuk tc kokrey kxmdioek tdkrk gs mdioek go biss, iof tdit biss mdioek bilks io gbprgot go i oco`gcacegmia oktwcrl cutsgfk cn us. Vdgs wiy wk irk cut cn tdk rkiab cn `gcacegmia systkbs, iof wdit gs dippkogoe gosgfk us bilks io gbprgot wgtdgo tdk pdysgmia rkiab, kspkmgiaay go tdk ni`rgm cn spimk-tgbk. Xkorcsk miaas tdgs wk`, fcwo it tdk Xaiol smiak, i ‑spgocr oktwcrl.‒ Krvgo Aiszac oibkf gt fgnnkrkotay: tdk ‑Ilisdgm dcacngkaf.‒ Pkeirfakss, oibgoe fckso‗t mdioek tdk mcomkpt. Immcrfgoe tc tdk Okstkf Oktwcrl bcfka, tdk okurcixcoia `rigo gs mcpgoe bimdgokry ncr tdk purpcsk cn qugmlay rkspcofgoe tc kovgrcobkotia mdiaakoeks‖tdit‗s wdy gt dif tc rkay co tdk mkrtigo, acmia knnkmts. Vdk bcfka issubks i skmcof oktwcrl skrvgoe ioctdkr rkprkskotitgco cn tdk cutsgfk wcraf iof prcvgfgoe fgnnkrkot locwakfek, `ut usuiaay go tdk crfgoiry stitk cn mcosmgcusokss gt gs tdk `rigo, tdk mcpgoe bimdgokry, tdit fcbgoitks. Go scbk iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss‖ncr kxibpak

Udy Biy FBV Cmmisgco ^krgfgmia Diaaumgoitgcos iof Goncrbitgvk Kxpkrgkomks3

9>=

tdk sdibiogm stitk cn mcosmgcusokss‖iof intkr tdk usk cn mkrtigo tkmdogquks, tdgs fcbgoiomk gs kagbgoitkf. Cok wiy gs tc nrustritk tdk mcpgoe bimdgokry `y cvkracifgoe gt wgtd strkssnua stgbuag. Vdk `kst kxibpak gs tdk Ailcti ]gcux ]uo Fiomk wdkrk tdk pirtgmgpiots irk kxpcskf tc skvkria lgofs cn pdysgmia iof bkotia strkss. Intkr dcurs iof fiys cn tdk irfucus mkrkbcoy, tdk mcpgoe bimdgokry egvks up. Gt gs sgbgair tc tdk prcmkss wdko tdk aknt dkbgspdkrk, uoi`ak tc diofak i vgsuia-spitgia tisl, egvks gt up iof fkmrkisks gts fcbgoiomk cvkr tdk rgedt `rigo‖wdgmd dis i bcrk gotgbitk rkaitgcosdgp wgtd tdk `cfy tdio tdk aknt‖`ut go tdgs misk tdk fcbgoiomk gs oct wgtdgo cok oktwcrl, okurcixcoia, `ut ritdkr gs `ktwkko oktwcrl, okurcixcoia vkrus su`mkaauair. Ioctdkr wiy gs tdk usk cn Zko lcios, wdgmd bkotiaay nrustritk tdgs mcpgoe bimdgokry uotga gt egvks up iof stkps isgfk. Vdkrk gs scbktdgoe sgbgair G suppcsk i`cut psymdkfkagms. Fgbktdyatryptibgok \FBVR iof ctdkr psymdkfkagms biy sdgntakvka. goncrbitgco prcmkssgoe nrcb tdk okurcixcoia tcwirf tdk su`mkaauair Vdk bcst fgnngmuat tkmdogquk gs tc ekt rgf cn tdk fcbgoiomk cn tdk `rigo `y ycei bkfgtitgco. Udit kask mio `k uofkrstccf wgtd tdk dkap cn tdk Okstkf Oktwcrl bcfka3 Cut-cn-`cfy kxpkrgkomk \C@KR mio `k mcomkptuiagzkf go tkrbs cn tdk Okstkf Oktwcrl, is iwirkokss gs smioogoe gosgfk tdk dcaceripdgm bitrgx, wgtdgo tdk rkprkskotitgco cn tdk kovgrcobkot tdit gs go tdk `cfy. Iof scbktgbks io C@K mio ekt rkakviot goncrbitgco. Uk divk iokmfctia rkpcrts cn pkcpak wdc wdgak go C@Ks siw c`jkmts tdit tdky wkrk oct suppcskf tc skk. Ioctdkr gotkrprktitgco biy mcbk nrcb tdgs bcfka: ncr kxibpak, dcw mcbk sdibios iof ctdkr dkiakrs mio skk iuris3 Udit irk iuris3 Nrcb by pcgot cn vgkw, iuris irk scbk scrt cn syoikstdksgi. Go syoikstdksgi, twc skoscry bcfiagtgks irk mcb`gokf. Ncr kxibpak, scbkcok skks i `rcwo scuof. Gn i skoscry bcfiagty‖vgsuia go tdgs misk‖gs `akofkf wgtd ocoacmia goncrbitgco go i syoikstdksgi-aglk rkaitgcosdgp, tdko tdit mio egvk kbkrekomk tc iuris, cr spgrgts, cr pkrdips kvko FBV kotgtgks. Go tdk ti`ak tdit ncaacws, tdk aknt sgfk gs tdk pkrmkptuia- mceogtgvk

9>6

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

wiy cn locwakfek‖tdgs gs wdit wk usuiaay mcosgfkr is i wiy cn locwakfek‖iof tdk rgedt sgfk gs wdit G miaa tdk fgrkmt-gotugtgvk bcfk. Fgrkmt `kmiusk gt pissks tdk skosks, iof gotugtgvk `kmiusk gotugtgco gs tdk macskst tc wdit tdgs locwakfek mdiooka gs i`cut. Wcu mio octgmk tdit cok wiy cn locwakfek gs ksskotgiaay akirogoe `y c`skrvitgco nrcb tdk cutsgfk< tdgs gs tdk c`jkmtgvk, smgkotgngm wiy cn akirogoe. Co tdk rgedt sgfk, tdkrk gs akirogoe `y c`skrvitgco nrcb tdk gosgfk. Is G iffrksskf kiragkr, tdgs mdiooka cpkos wdko ycu irk oct acclgoe iof ecgoe cutsgfk ncr goncrbitgco< gostkif ycu ec fkkp gosgfk ycurskan iof biy ekt goncrbitgco oct coay i`cut skan, `ut iasc i`cut wdit gs go tdk cutsgfk wcraf. F[IAGVW IOF MCBXAKBKOVIPGVW GO LOCUAKFEK Xkrmkptuia-Mceogtgvk Fgrkmt-Gotugtgvk (ritgcoia) (vgsgcoiry) Dy ac t rc pgmbc fk

D c ac t rc pgmbc fk

Akirogoe `y c`skrvitgco nrcb tdk cutsgfk (c`jkmtgvk)

Akirogoe `y c`skrvitgco nrcb tdk gosgfk (su`jkmtgvk )

Okurcixcoia oktwcrl gs tdk bkfgub (go tdk `rigo)

]u`mkaauair bitrgx gs tdk bkfgub (go tdk `cfy)

Kakmtrcmdkbgmia (`iskf co acmia knnkmts)

Yuiotubpdysgmia (`iskf co ocoacmia mcookmtgcos)

Xkrncrbs bcfkagoe, spagts tc su`jkmt-c`jkmt

Fgrkmt kxpkrgkomk, oc su`jkmtc`jkmt spagt

Agoeugstgm (oct okmkssirgay vkr`ia), triosnkri`ak

Goknni`ak, ocotriosnkri`ak (`ut mio `k fgrkmtay sdirkf)

Xrkmgsk, gt dis agttak prc`akbs wgtd rkpagmi`gagty

Ok`uacus, gt dis `ge prc`akbs wgtd rkpagmi`gagty

Xkils go Ukstk ro smgkotgngm td golgo e

Vdk scurmk cn mcotkbpa itgvk (iof sdibiogm) trifgtgcos

Go ksskomk, ycu ec fkkp fcwo kocued iof go tdgs wiy ycu wgaa `k cut, tdit‗s wdy wk eivk tdk tgtak tc cur `ccl wgtd Pgml ]trissbio Gookr Xitds tc Cutkr ]pimk. Gn ycu ec gosgfk ycu mio ekt cutsgfk, iof ycu biy ekt scbk vkrgfgmia goncrbitgco. Vdk pkrmkptuia-mceogtgvk

Udy Biy FBV Cmmisgco ^krgfgmia Diaaumgoitgcos iof Goncrbitgvk Kxpkrgkomks3

9>;

bcfk gs iasc `iskf co tdk kakmtrcmdkbgmia knnkmt, wdkrkis tdk fgrkmtgotugtgvk bcfk, is G suppcsk, gs quiotub pdysgmia, ocoacmia. Vdk ngrst cok pkrncrbs bcfkagoe iof spagts iwirkokss gotc su`jkmts iof c`jkmts, iof tdk skmcof cok prcvgfks fgrkmt kxpkrgkomk‖tdkrk gs oc su`jkmtc`jkmt spagt iof gt gs goknni`ak. Vdk ngrst cok gs agoeugstgm. Kvko tdk ocovkr`ia, rgedt dkbgspdkrk gs agoeugstgm‖wk locw i`cut irtgstgm aioeuiek, wk‗vk dkirf i`cut busgmia aioeuiek‖`ut tdgs fgrkmt-gotugtgvk bcfk gs nrkk cn ioy aioeuiek. Vwc bystgms mio prc`i`ay uofkrstiof kimd ctdkr bumd `kttkr tdio twc magbitcacegsts, `kmiusk aioeuiek iof bcfka irk `ypisskf. @ut tdky iasc divk kecs, sc scbktgbks gt fckso‗t wcrl tcc wkaa. Vdk fgrkmt-gotugtgvk bcfk gs goknni`ak iof ocotriosnkri`ak. @isgmiaay, wdit wk fc go smdccas gs triosnkrrgoe locwakfek, `ut tdgs lgof cn gotugtgvk locwakfek miooct `k triosnkrrkf. Vdit‗s wdy gt dis frcppkf cut cn Ukstkro kfumitgco. @ut co tdk ctdkr diof, wdgak gt gs goknni`ak, ycu mio pcgot sdibio, it gt. Udko Dirokr fgsmusskf kxpkrgkomk i Mcog`c tdk Bgmdika sdibio lokw wdit dk wis dgs tialgoe i`cut. wgtd Wcu miooct piss gt co cr triosnkr gt tc ctdkrs, `ut ycu mio ierkk tdit ycu prc`i`ay dif i sgbgair kxpkrgkomk. Vdkrk gs i pkmuagir nkiturk cn tdgs skmcof wiy cn locwakfek: ycu mio divk sdirkf vgsgcos, ycu mio divk sdirkf mcosmgcusokss, iof ycu mio divk tdk sibk vgsgco. ]dirkf mcosmgcusokss iof sdirkf gookr kxpkrgkomks irk tksti`ak. Dcwkvkr, tdgs gotugtgvk wiy gs sc ok`uacus tdit gt dis `ge prc`akbs wgtd rkpagmi`gagty, iof tdit‗s wdy @ge ]mgkomk geocrks gt. Bioy smgkotgsts rkiagzk bkisurgoe tdgoes gs oct tdk sgok qui oco cn smgkomk, `ut smgkotgsts irk fkngogtkay tgkf tc rkpagmi`gagty. G wcuaf quctk Ekcrek Mirago: ‑Frcp ycur okkf, `uffy!‒ G divk dkirf nrcb Jkrkby Oir`y iof Mdrgstgio Pitsmd tdit wk mio dirfay uofkrstiof prk-Mcaub`gio ]cutd Ibkrgmio mgvgagzitgcos just stirtgoe cut nrcb Ukstkro tdgolgoe. Ukaa, uofkrstiofgoe tdk ‑akirogoe `y c`skrvitgco nrcb tdk gosgfk‒ biy ekt us macskr. Fuiagty iof mcbpakbkotirgty is i fcu`ak prgomgpak mio `k ncuof kaskwdkrk. ^gsuia pkrmkptgco dis twc mdiookas, twc bcfks. Cok gs tdk

9>>

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

‑wdit cr wdc‒ mdiooka< gt ncaacws i tctiaay fgnnkrkot okuria pitdwiy tdio tdk ctdkr cok, tdk ‑wdkrk iof dcw‒ Vdk ‑wdit‒ mdiooka gs tdk ncmia, tdk sdirp< tdk ‑wdkrk iof dcw‒ mdiooka gs tdk pkrgpdkria. @ctd irk vkry gbpcrtiot ncr survgvia. Xkcpak wgtd tuooka vgsgco aiml tdk pkrgpdkria rktgoia goput. Gt gs vkry fgnngmuat tc agvk go tuooka vgsgco. Nrcb by pkrspkmtgvk, gn Ukstkro smgkomk gs kotgrkay tgkf tc tdk pkrmkptuia-mceogtgvk wiy cn locwakfek, tdit mio rksuat go i scrt cn tuooka vgsgco. Gotugtgvk locwakfek mio prcvgfk vkry gbpcrtiot gfkis tdit wk mio ncaacw tdrcued smgkotgngmiaay. Go tdk Pge ^kfi, cok biy ngof vkry gotkrkstgoe gfkis i`cut tdk wcraf, scbk sgbgair tc tdk mcomkpts cn quiotub pdysgms. [sgoe tdk bktipdcr i`cvk, tdk Pge ^kfi rkprkskots tdk pkrgpdkria vgsgco. Dcwkvkr, cok miooct `ugaf i triosgstcr cr bgmrcmdgp `iskf coay co tdk tkimdgoe cn tdk ^kfis< ncr tdit ecia, cok okkfs tdk ncmia ipprcimd cn tdk smgkotgngm bktdcf. By pcgot gs: Ukstkro mgvgagzitgco gs go strcoe okkf cn usgoe `ctd wiys cn locwakfek go i mcbpakbkotiry biookr. Udit, cr wdc, tdk FBV kotgtgks3 Immcrfgoe tc tdgs bcfka, scbk FBV kotgtgks iof irk spgrgts irk goncrbitgvk mcbpcokots cn tdk ocoacmia fcbigo tdit irk `rcuedt gotc tdk pkrmkptuia-mceogtgvk prcmkssgoe go i muaturiaay spkmgngm biookr. Vdky irk quisg-iutcocbcus strumturks. ‑Yuisg-,‒ `kmiusk tdky divk scbk iutcocby `ut irk `isgmiaay `kagkn systkbs< cur kxpkmtitgcos divk i bcrpdgoe-paistkrgoe knnkmt co tdkb. Iof oct coay curs‖ncr pkcpak nrcb tdk pist iof nuturk wdc dif cr wgaa ekt gotc mcotimt wgtd tdkb, tdkgr kxpkmtitgco sdipks tdkb `kmiusk tdky irk go i ocoacmia rkiab< sc oct coay murrkot muaturia kxpkmtitgcos biy `k gonaukotgia. Kotgtgks kbkregoe nrcb tdk ocoacmia fcbigos biy divk vkrgfgmia pctkomgks, cr oct< is ycu locw tdky irk trgmlstkrs, sc bcst cn tdksk komcuotkrs irk uogoncrbitgvk. Ncr bioy tdky mio `k tctiaay bgsakifgoe, iof ekttgoe rkagi`ak goncrbitgco vgi fgvgoitgco okkfs i sdibio cr io gogtgitkf pkrsco. Vdk vgsgcos divk i rcak go sdipgoe cur muaturk `kmiusk dkiagoe, irt, rkagegco, mgvgagzitgco, pdgacscpdy, acegm, iof bitdkbitgms iaa dif scbk vgsgcoiry kxpkrgkomk it tdkgr rccts. Ncr bgaakoogi sdibiogm dkiagoe wis pkrncrbkf go vgsgcoiry sdibiogm stitks cn mcosmgcusokss. Is wk

Udy Biy FBV Cmmisgco ^krgfgmia Diaaumgoitgcos iof Goncrbitgvk Kxpkrgkomks3

9>5

locw nrcb Fivgf Akwgs-Ugaagibs, sdibiogm triomk wis tdk crgego cn Xiakcagtdgm irt. Pkeirfgoe rkagegco, prcpdktgm vgsgcos wkrk ngrst, smrgpturks mibk okxt. Mgvgagzitgco wis by tdgrf mdiptkr go Pgml ]trissbio‗s `ccl. G wrctk tdkrk tdit tdk Iouooilgs wkrk prc`i`ay gbiegoiryvgsgcokf `kgoes wdc prcvgfkf tdk ]ubkrgios wgtd tdk locwakfek tdit wk ect nrcb ]ubkrgios: wrgttko aioeuiek, smdcca systkbs, akeia systkbs, bktiaaurey, sdgp `ugafgoe, iof sc ncrtd. Vdk ]ubkrgios akirokf iaa cn gt nrcb tdk Iouooilgs‖is tdky stitkf tdkbskavks. G wcuaf aglk tc pcgot cut ioctdkr gomcosgstkomy cn Ukstkro tdgolgoe: wk ifbgrk ]ubkrgios, wdit wk ect nrcb tdkb, `ut wdko wk ekt tc tdk pcgot cn dcw tdky kxpaigo tdk scurmk cn tdgs locwakfek, wk fco‗t mirk. Pkeirfgoe acegm, Xirbkogfks cn Kaki dif i sdibiogm jcuroky‖ prc`i`ay uofkrwcraf, immcrfgoe tc Xktkr Lgoesaky‖wdko dk bkt wgtd tdk ecffkss wdc prcvgfkf dgb tdk okmkssgty cn acegmia ireubkotitgco, wdgmd wis tdk `isgs cn Irgstctkagio acegm. Iof fco‗t ncrekt tdk nitdkr cn bitdkbitgms, wdc wis i sdibio, `kmiusk go Erkkl dis iXytdiecris, sgbgair bkiogoe, aglkmiaakf sdibio, i bgrimak dkiakr.gitrcbiotgs Irgstctak wrctk scbkwdkrk tdit, immcrfgoe tc dgs bitks, tdky siw dgb it tdk sibk tgbk it fgnnkrkot paimks, iof dk wis suppcskf tc tial tc iogbias. Dk ect dgs locwakfek `y fgvgoitgco. Vdgs gs oct wdit tdk nitdkr cn bitdkbitgms gs suppcskf tc fc‖tdgs gs i sdibio‗s tisl. Pkok Fksmirtks, tdk ncuofkr cn Kurcpkio ritgcoia pdgacscpdy, dif tdrkk frkibs is bctgvitcrs. Go mcomausgco, wk divk fuiagty iof mcbpakbkotiry go muaturk `kmiusk gotugtgvk vgsgcos iof gosgedts mrkitk muaturk, iof aioeuiek triosnkrs gt. Vdky irk kquiaay gbpcrtiot. Dcwkvkr, G divk skko bcrk fcmtcria fgsskrtitgcos i`cut aioeuiek tdio i`cut vgsgcos, sc tdgs gs cut cn `iaiomk. It aist, tdksk irk scbk tdcuedts co irtgngmgia gotkaagekomk \IGR, paiots, iof goncrbitgco prcmkssgoe. Go tdk IG fkpirtbkot, wdit tdky try tc bcfka gs coay pkrmkptuia-mceogtgvk tdgolgoe. G fco‗t issubk tdit IG rkskirmdkrs irk stufygoe tdk fgrkmt-gotugtgvk wiy‖wdgak tdky usk gt go pkrsco‖cr irk wcrlgoe co dcw tc gomcrpcritk tdgs skmcof mdiooka gotc IG. G divk dkirf tdit Iaio Vurgoe dif ibcoe dgs prgomgpaks tdk gfki tdit tdk pkrnkmt IG sdcuaf divk tkakpitdgm kxpkrgkomks, `ut cn

9>4

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

mcursk gt wis wgpkf cut aitkr co. Wcu mio dkir nrcb akifgoe smgkotgsts: ‑Vdk `rigo mio `k fcwoacifkf gotc i mdgp.‒ Oct bgok. G suppcsk tdit cok dis tc bcfka tdk wdcak uogvkrsk `iml tc tdk @ge @ioe go crfkr tc pkrncrb sumd kofkivcurs, sgomk biolgof iof iogbias usk tdk ocoacmia mdiooka is wkaa. Irk tdkrk mrkiturks tdit mio coay usk tdk fgrkmt-gotugtgvk3 Vdcsk irk tdk paiots, G issubk. Vdky fco‗t divk tdgs okurcixcoia oktwcrl, sc tdky wgaa oct tkaa ycu. Fco‗t kxpkmt i paiot tc tial tc ycu go wcrfs, `ut wdit gn wk wkrk i`ak tc tuok go tc tdgs fgrkmt-gotugtgvk bcfk cn goncrbitgco mcaakmtgoe, usgoe cur ocoacmia wiy, tc ekt go mcotimt wgtd tdkb3 Vdk Xcpuaus trkbuacgfks dis i duek rcct systkb, is bumd is sgx bgaagco lgaceribs, wdgmd ycu mio miaa cok creiogsb. Birgok paiots aglk Xcsgfcogi cmkiogmi mio divk io kxtkosgco cn skvkria bgaks iof kstgbitkf iek cn i`cut 988,888 ykirs. I busdrccb spkmgbko miaakf Irbgaairgi cstcyik ncuof go tdk stitk cn Uisdgoetco dis i mcupak cn squirk bgaks cn oktwcrl. Gt gs`ut pcssg`ak divk kocrbcus goncrbitgcobymkagi prcmkssgoe i`gagty, oct tdktdit cokpaiots wk usuiaay fksmrg`k, oct tdk okurcixcoia iof kakmtrcogm `ut ioctdkr typk, pkrdips ocoacmia. Vdkrk bust `k duek, vist goncrbitgco-prcmkssgoe pcwkr go paiot locwakfek tdit cok mio `k goncrbkf i`cut go io iyiduismi, FBV, cr psgacmy`go kxpkrgkomk, iof tdgs gs wdit ]cutd Ibkrgmio sdibios usk is i scurmk cn goncrbitgco. Fuiagty iof mcbpakbkotirgty go agvgoe oiturk gs ibizgoe. Mcosgfkr bcfuairgty iof sgoeuairgty. Xaiots irk bcfuair< intkr acsgoe 77 pkrmkot cn gts `cfy, i paiot mio rkercw, `ut it tdk sibk tgbk tdky irk sgoeuair, `kmiusk tdky divk tgedt juomtgcos, sc i paiot mio `k mcosgfkrkf iof nuomtgco aglk i sgoeak mkaa. Uk iogbias irk scbkwdkrk go `ktwkko. Uk ncaacw tdk ruak cn ‑creiogmgty.‒ Cur agnk gs `iskf co creios iof gofgvgfuiagty `ut paiots irk ‑fgvgfuias.‒ Xaiots pkrncrb kxtrkbkay wkaa co tdksk twc kofs, bcfuairgty iof sgoeuairgty, iof tdky irk tdk bcst pkrnkmt kb`cfgkf iekots. Vdk `kst mcomaufgoe rkbirls irk tdksk mgtitgcos nrcb rkvkrkf iutdcrs:

9>7

Udy Biy FBV Cmmisgco ^krgfgmia Diaaumgoitgcos iof Goncrbitgvk Kxpkrgkomks3

Vdk [ogvkrsk gs kbuaitgoe gtskan go iaa akoetd iof tgbk smiaks iof gt gs qugtk pcssg`ak tdit quiotub mcbputitgcos irk mirrgkf cut go iaa rkakviot `gcacegmia akoetd smiaks. B

V

X

,

E

Vdk bymkagub gs io kxpcskf skotgkot bkb`riok, iwirk iof rkspcosgvk tc mdioeks go gts ko grcobkot. . . . Gotkraimgoe bymkagia bkb`rioks ncrb, G `kagkvk, i mcbpakx okurco-aglk wk` tdit imts is i nuoeia mcaakmtgvk mcosmgcusokss. X

D

]

B

, M

B D

P ]

: U

Vdk busdrccb mcosmgcusokss gs tdk mcosmgcusokss cn tdk Ctdkr go gotkroia agol dypkrspimk, wdgmd bkios go frkib iof go tdk psgacmy`go triomk, it tdk quiotub ncuofitgco cn `kgoe, go tdk dubio nuturk, iof intkr fkitd. V

V

]

B L C IP

,

N V

E L X

D D

: ‖

,F

,

K

Vdksk tdcuedts dkap tc uofkrstiof wdy pkcpak cn tdk Ibizco @isgo turo tc paiot tkimdkrs aglk iyiduismi, iof wdy tdkgr ioswkr tc tdk Jksugt qukstgco ‑Dcw fc ycu locw wdit ycu locw3‒ gs ‑Nrcb tdk paiots.‒ FG]M[]]GCO CN

Udy Biy FBV Cmmisgco ^krgfgmia Diaaumgoitgcos iof Goncrbitgvk Kxpkrgkomks3

@

M

: Ukaa, G‗f aglk tc bilk i mcupak cn mcbbkots.

Ngrst cn iaa, G wis vkry eaif tdit ycu bkotgcokf tdk agol wgtd pdysgms. G tdgol G‗b prc`i`ay cok cn tdk coay pdysgmgsts dkrk, sc G wis

958

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

c`vgcusay vkry pakiskf tc rkaitk tc tdit, `ut iasc G wis vkry pakiskf wgtd tdk wiy go wdgmd ycu kxpiofkf tdk fgsmussgco nrcb just acclgoe it FBV tc i wdcak virgkty cn ctdkr scrts cn iocbiacus psymdgm-typk kxpkrgkomks. G‗b gotkrkstkf go psymdgmia rkskirmd, iof gt‗s makir tdit gt‗s i mcbbco nkiturk cn bioy psymdgm kxpkrgkomks tdit cok gs komcuotkrgoe i fgnnkrkot akvka cn rkiagty, i fgnnkrkot typk cn gotkaagekomk, cok tdit‗s ocobitkrgia. G fc tdgol gn ycu‗rk trygoe tc divk i tdkcry cn tdksk psymdkfkagm-typk kxpkrgkomks, tdko ycu divk tc skk gt go tdk mcotkxt cn i `rcifkr rioek cn pdkocbkoi. Pupkrt \]dkafrilkR bkotgcokf komcuotkrs go priykr‖tdit‗s ioctdkr kxibpak. G tdgol tdit‗s vkry gbpcrtiot. G wcuaf aglk tc rkspcof i `gt tc ycur mcbbkots i`cut tdk rcak cn quiotub tdkcry `kgoe tdk `isgs cn sumd i tdkcry. Gt gs makir tdit quiotub tdkcry gs tdk cok pirt cn pdysgms wdkrk mcosmgcusokss scbkdcw mrkkps go, iof sc G tdgol gt‗s uofcu`tkfay truk tdit wditkvkr cur ngoia tdkcry gs, quiotub tdkcry‖iof mcomkpts cn kotioeakbkot iof ocoacmiagty tdit ycu rknkrrkf tc‖wgaa paiy i mrumgia rcak. @ut G wcuaf aglk tc miutgco ieigost i vgkw go wdgmd tdit‗s tdk `k iaa iof kof iaa, tdk ngoia kxpaioitgco, `kmiusk oc cok uofkrstiofs quiotub tdkcry ioydcw, iof bkrkay siygoe gt mio `k kxpaigokf `y quiotub tdkcry gs just rkpaimgoe cok bystkry `y ioctdkr bystkry. Udit ycu rkiaay okkf gs i bcrk nuofibkotia tdkcry tdit kxpaigos mcosmgcusokss iof bkotiagty is wkaa is quiotub tdkcry. Ocw tdk qukstgco gs: Udit gs tdk oiturk cn tdit tdkcry3 G‗f just aglk tc scrt cn pusd by cwo ipprcimd, iatdcued gt gso‗t i bigostrkib ipprcimd nrcb pdysgmgsts. Gt skkbs tc bk tdit wdit gs gotkrkstgoe iof wdit gs go mcbbco wgtd iaa tdksk kxpkrgkomks, gomaufgoe tdk psymdkfkagm- iof FBVtypk kxpkrgkomks, gs tdit tdky govcavk scbk ncrb cn spimk. Iof gt‗s iasc truk tdit bioy psymdgm pdkocbkoi, cut-cn-`cfy kxpkrgkomks, frkibs, iof ippirgtgcos‖iabcst tdk kotgrk eibut cn psymdgm pdkocbkoi‖fc govcavk scbk ncrb cn spimk. Gt skkbs tc bk tdit gn ycu wiot tc agol tdit tc scbk pdysgmia tdkcry, tdko gt‗s tdk kxgstkomk cn tdit spimk tdit gs rkiaay mrumgia. Is

Udy Biy FBV Cmmisgco ^krgfgmia Diaaumgoitgcos iof Goncrbitgvk Kxpkrgkomks3

959

scbk pkcpak biy locw, G‗vk `kko pusdgoe by cwo vgkw ncr qugtk i wdgak, wdgmd `isgmiaay siys tdit pdysgms tkimdks us tdit spimk gs bcrk tdio just tdk tdrkk fgbkosgcos cn spimk iof tdk cok fgbkosgco cn tgbk< tdkrk irk tdksk kxtri fgbkosgcos tdit irk ocw iabcst tilko ncr eriotkf `y pdysgmgsts, iof gt‗s iawiys skkbkf tc bk tdit tdcsk dgedkr fgbkosgcos mio paiy i mrumgia rcak go immcbbcfitgoe tdksk fgnnkrkot ncrbs cn rkiagty. Vdk bigo prc`akb wgtd tdk bitkrgiagstgm rkfumtgcogst vgkw cn pdysgms gs tdit gt siys tdkrk gs coay cok ncrb cn rkiagty< gt‗s tdgs rkiagty cn tdrkk fgbkosgcos cn spimk iof tdk cok fgbkosgco cn tgbk. Vdit‗s wdit ycu‗vk ect tc ekt iwiy nrcb‖tdk octgco tdit tdkrk gs coay cok akvka cn rkiagty. Gn ycu immkpt tdit tdk coay akvka cn rkiagty gs tdgs bitkrgia wcraf, tdko ycu iasc immkpt tdit iaa tdksk ctdkr akvkas cn rkiagty tdit ycu komcuotkr go cut-cn-`cfy kxpkrgkomks, okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomks, iof psymdkfkagm trgps irk iaa gaausgcos. @ut comk ycu iaacw tdk pcssg`gagty tdit tdk ngoia pgmturk cn govcavks tdksk kxtri ycu cn divk tdk pcssg`gagty cn rkiagty bioy akvkas cn rkiagtgks, aglkfgbkosgcos, i dgkrirmdy tdko cn akvkas rkiagtgks, wdgmd gs go prgomgpak i`ak tc immcbbcfitk iaa cn tdksk scrts cn pdkocbkoi. Vdit‗s wdy G agstko wgtd pirtgmuair gotkrkst wdko pkcpak tial i`cut typks cn spimk iof gotkaagekomks wgtdgo tdcsk spimks, wdgmd irk komcuotkrkf wgtdgo tdksk frue kxpkrgkomks. ]kkbs tc bk tdky egvk i vgtia mauk is tc wdit tdk oiturk cn tdit spimk gs. K

N

: Akt bk egvk ycu tdgs kxibpak. G cutagokf twc wiys cn

goncrbitgco prcmkssgoe. Ncr mcbpirgsco, akt‗s siy tdky mcrrkspcof tc twc Kvkry systkb dis gts cwo Cokcpkritgoe cpkritgoesystkbs. systkb gs tdk cpkritgoe pkrmkptuia-mceogtgvk, iof gts kovgrcobkot. kovgrcobkot gs tdgs pkrmkptuia rkiagty, wdkrk tdk prgomgpak cn imtgco-rkimtgco ippagks. Vdk rkiagty cn tdk ctdkr, cr tdk gotugtgvk, gs i fgnnkrkot rkiagty. Fgnnkrkot lgofs cn rkiagty mrcp up immcrfgoe tc tdk twc fgnnkrkot ipprcimdks. Buatgfgbkosgcoiagty mio `k trgmly. Jgb FkLcrok dif i tdcuedt kxpkrgbkot: gbiegok i twc-fgbkosgcoia `kgoe wdc gs ykaakf it nrcb i tdrkkfgbkosgcoia spimk. Udkrk wgaa tdgs twc-fgbkosgcoia mrkiturk dkir tdk

950

Nribkwcrls ncr Vdgolgoe i`cut FBV

vcgmk3 Immcrfgoe tc FkLcrok, gt wgaa irgsk is diaaumgoitgco nrcb tdk gosgfk. M

: Wcu skk wdko ycu tial i`cut tdgs gookr iof cutkr wiy cn eigo-

goe goncrbitgco i`cut tdk uogvkrsk, wdgmd G ierkk wgtd, ocrbiaay pkcpak irk coay ippaygoe tdit tc tdk pdysgmia wcraf, go tdk skosk tdit ycu‗rk ekttgoe goncrbitgco i`cut tdk pdysgmia wcraf kgtdkr kxtkroiaay tkaksmcpks iof pirtgmak immkakritcrs cr gotkroiaay tdrcued scbk tdrcued ncrb cn maigrvcyiomk cr frue kxpkrgkomk. @ut tdk pcgot gs, tdit‗s tdk bcfk cn pkrmkgvgoe rkiagty, `ut tdit‗s fgnnkrkot iof oct qugtk tdk sibk is tdk oiturk cn rkiagty gtskan. Iof tdk pcgot gs, ycur gookr bcfk cn pkrmkptgco gs, G wcuaf siy, iasc immkssgoe i akvka cn rkiagty tdit gs oct immksskf `y tdk ocrbia kxtkroia ipprcimd. Vdit‗s by vgkw. F

A

: G acvkf dcw ycu ippagkf tdgs ipprcimd tc tdk `isgs cn

muaturk, iof dcw iaa tdksk fgnnkrkot tdgoes aglk dkiagoe iof tdk irts mcbk tdgs gotugtgvk prcmkss. Gt‗s bkfgmgok prc`i`ay wis eccfimtuiaay tc rkbgof curskavks tdrcued tdit tdk `isgs cn bcfkro Ukstkro ncuofkf co tdk iomgkot frkib tkbpak trifgtgco. : Vdk muat cn Ismakpgcs iof tdkgr primtgmk cn frkib gomu`i-

N

tgco< tdit‗s nismgoitgoe, yks. A

: Kximtay, sc tdit‗s mkrtigoay cok eccf kxibpak cn gt. : Vdk soilk wis tdk dkiakr. Wks.

N A

: Iof tdit‗s wdkrk wk ekt skvkria bkfgmia wcrfs tcc, magogm iof

tdkripy, iof sc co. : Vdkripkuts wkrk tdk frkib gotkrprktkrs, iof magogç wis tdk

N

iatir, yks. A

: Bioy tdgoes aglk tdit. G tdgol tdit‗s iaa wk‗vk ect tgbk ncr, tdiol

ycu vkry bumd Kfk.

FI W V DP KK ▨ ▨ ▨ ▨ ▨

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

o tdgs fiy wk‗aa dkir nrcb ncur spkilkrs. Ngrst, Iofrkw Eiaagbcrk, okurc`gcacegst, pdirbimcacegst, iof mdkbgst, wgaa fgsmuss tdk oiturk cn rkiagty is wk locw gt iof tdk oiturk cn tdk rkiagty cn tdk FBV wcraf‖gomaufgoe dcw tdksk wcrafs kvcavkf iof wdktdkr cr oct tdky irk butuiaay kxmausgvk. Okxt, `gcacegst Pupkrt ]dkafrilk wgaa fgsmuss tdk rk-fgsmcvkry cn tdk wcraf ircuof us nrcb tdk pkrspkmtgvk cn bcrpdgm rkscoiomk iof mcaakmtgvk bkbcry, tdk gfki tdit tdcsk wdc tilk psymdkfkagms biy `k uomcosmgcusay gon aukomkf `y tdcsk wdc divk tilko tdkb go tdk pist. @ctd tials ittkbpt tc kxpcsk dcw rkiagty gs mrkitkf. Eridib Diomcml, spgrgtuiaaybgofkf iutdcr iof pu`agm ngeurk, wgaa fgsmuss mcbbcoiagtgks `ktwkko nigry, kan, iof iagko i`fumtgcos, `ctd iomgkot iof bcfkro, tc sdcw tdit tdk rkiagty cn tdksk wcrafs gs oct sc fgssgbgair, iof go nimt tdky cvkraip wgtd FBV kxpkrgkomks. Cur tials wgaa mcomaufk wgtd i prkskotitgco nrcb Pgml ]trissbio, psymdgitrgst iof psymdcpdirbimcacegst, wdc wgaa fknkof wdy tdk FBV wcraf biy `k is rkia gn oct bcrk rkia tdio kvkryfiy rkiagty iof wgaa cnnkr i tdkcokurcacegmia rcifbip tc nurtdkr kxpacritgco.

C

Vdk fiy wis cok cn kxpacritgco, iof wk fk`itkf wdit kxpkrgbkots iof wdit scjcuros gotc uolocwo tkrrgtcry bgedt `k uofkrtilko go tdk nuturk tc mcotgouk tc ifviomk cur locwakfek.

MDIXVKP 5

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco wgtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots IOFPKU EIAAGBCPK

Iatdcued G lgof cn nkka ocw aglk G‗b ibcoe nrgkofs, bcst, cr bioy cn ycu, wdko G irrgvkf prc`i`ay wcuafo‗t divk locwo wdc tdk dkaa G wis, iof G‗b imutkay iwirk tdit G‗b dkifgoe up qugtk i agok up tcfiy, sc G sdcuaf gotrcfumk byskan. Udit G ocrbiaay fc gs jubp up iof fcwo ritdkr gbpgsday go nrcot cn by sagfk sdcw< G wis `cro go tdk mgty cn Agomcao, iof tdk syb`ca cn Agomcao gs tdk gbp, iof G divk `kko miaakf tdk Agomcao gbp. Imtuiaay tdk ngrst tdgoe tdit Xktkr \BkykrR sigf tc bk wdko dk bkt bk co Bcofiy wis, ‑dis ioy`cfy kvkr tcaf ycu tdit ycu accl aglk io kan3‒ Vdiols ncr tdit. Udit G wgaa try tc fc gs sacw gt fcwo iof fc tdgs nrcb i skitkf pcsgtgco, `ut gn G jubp up it scbk pcgot iof stirt fiomgoe ircuof fco‗t `k stirtakf. ‑Fco‗t egvk wiy tc istcogsdbkot.‒ G‗b i okurc`gcacegst, sc G‗b gotkrkstkf go tdk `rigo. I act dis `kko wrgttko i`cut FBV, iof G‗b oct ecgoe tc spkof tcc bumd tgbk tialgoe 95;

95>

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

i`cut tdk kxpkrgkomk. G tdgol wk‗rk iaa iwirk cn tdk oiturk cn tdk FBV kxpkrgkomk. Vdgs ritdkr pgtdy quctk gs nrcb Br. \EridibR Diomcml‗s `ccl, wdkrk dk fksmrg`ks tdk kxpkrgkomk is, ‑i dgeday irtgngmgia mcostrumtkf gocreiogm iof go ksskomk tkmdocacegmia lgof cn spimk.‒ Vdk crtdcfcx pcsgtgco wgtd rkeirfs tc tdk FBV stitk gs tc siy, ‑Ukaa tdk FBV stitk gs i diaaumgoitgco.‒ ]c by qukstgco gs: Mio wk rkiaay kxpaigo tdk FBV stitk is bkrk diaaumgoitgco3 G kxpkmt tdit bioy cn ycu go tdgs rccb wcuaf siy oc wk mio‗t, `ut tdit‗s oct rkiaay eccf kocued tc just siy tdit. Is i okurc`gcacegst G‗b rkiaay gotkrkstkf go trygoe tc uofkrstiof: Gs gt rkiaay pcssg`ak tc kxpaigo tdk FBV stitk is i diaaumgoitgco3 G wgaa egvk ycu i dkifs-up ocw tdit G tdgol tdk ioswkr gs oc. Akt‗s issubk tdit tdk FBV stitk gs oct i diaaumgoitgco. Vdk lgof cn bcfka tdit dis `kko prcpieitkf trygoe tc kxpaigo gt gs wdit G miaa tdk tuogoe bcfka, iof bioy pkcpak divk wrgttko i`cut gt. Mkrtigoay Eridib tdgs i`cut, gfki tdit `rigo i lgof cn rkmkgvkr< wdit wki`cut i rkmkgvkrdis cn wrgttko wgaa tial `uttdk cok tditgsmio `k tuokf gotc tdgs rkiagty iof uofkr mkrtigo mgrmubstiomks‖pkrdips prkmgskay okurcmdkbgmiaay fkngokf stitks‖gt mio iasc `k tuokf tc ioctdkr rkiagty, ritdkr aglk i rifgc. ]crt cn ‑Mdiooka FBV‒ gn ycu aglk. Iof G imtuiaay tdgol tdit tdit‗s prc`i`ay mcrrkmt. @ut wdit G rkiaay wiot tc uofkrstiof iof kxpaigo tc ycu tcfiy gs dcw tdit bgedt wcrl okurcacegmiaay. Udit lgof cn bkmdiogsbs mio wk govclk tdit wcuaf kxpaigo dcw tdk `rigo mio swgtmd `ktwkko mdiookas3 Uk‗aa stirt wgtdgo i stiofirf okurc`gcacegmia pirifgeb, tdcued wk biy okkf tc triosmkof tdit iof rkmcosgfkr dcw wk tdgol i`cut tdk oiturk cn rkiagty, iof tdk wiy tdit rkiagty gs mcostrumtkf, go crfkr tc kxpaigo FBV. G‗aa stirt wgtd i quctk nrcb tdk ritdkr wcofkrnua Dkrbioo Dkssk, wdgmd mcbks nrcb dgs `ccl Fkbgio, i scrt cn skbgiutc`gceripdgmia ocvka. ‑Gn tdk cutsgfk wcraf nkaa go rugos, cok cn us wcuaf `k mipi`ak cn `ugafgoe gt up ieigo, ncr bcuotigo iof strkib, trkk iof akin, rcct iof `acsscb, iaa tdit gs sdipkf `y oiturk agks bcfkakf go us.‒ G tdgol wdit‗s rkbirli`ak i`cut tdit, ctdkr tdio tdk `kiutgnua

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco

wgtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots

955

prcsk, gs tdit tdgs wis wrgttko cvkr i duofrkf ykirs iec, cr tdkrki`cuts, iof ykt gt pkrnkmtay mipturks cur murrkot uofkrstiofgoe cn tdk wiy tdit cur `rigo wcrls go bcfkagoe tdk wcraf. G‗b ecgoe tc `k tialgoe i act i`cut bcfkas tcfiy‖bcfkas cn rkiagty. Vdk bcfka cn rkiagty tdit wk‗rk iaa vkry nibgagir wgtd gs wdit‗s scbktgbks miaakf tdk mcoskosus bcfka. Mcoskosus rkiagty, tdk rkiagty tdit gs airekay ierkkf upco. Iof tdk mcoskosus bcfka cn rkiagty gs tdk stiofirf bcfka, `y wdgmd iaa ctdkr bcfkas cn rkiagty irk jufekf. Fcks ycur bcfka cn rkiagty pkrnkmtay mcgomgfk wgtd tdk mcoskosus bcfka cn rkiagty3 Gt fckso‗t3 Vdko gt‗s oct rkia. Vdgs gs tdk stiofirf `y wdgmd wk jufek rkiagty. ]cbk wcuaf siy, ‑wkaa tdit mcbks nrcb kvcautgco, tdgs gs `gcacey, ycu mio‗t ireuk wgtd tdit,‒ `ut G siy kvko tdit‗s oct tdk misk. Vdk `rigo mirks oct i`cut trutd. Udit G bkio gs tdit tdk `rigo‗s bcfka cn rkiagty gs tdk bcfka tdit `kst iaacws gt tc bilk gt tc rkprcfumtgvk iek iof tc rkprcfumk. gs tdk `isgs cn skakmtgco‖ngtokss. Vdit fckscnoct okmkssirgay bkioVdgs tdk bcfka cn rkiagty bust `k tdk trukst bcfka rkiagty. Fkoogs \BmLkooiR co Vuksfiy sigf tdit tdk mcoskosus rkiagty gs lgof cn i diaaumgoitgco< gt lgof cn mcrrkspcofs tc tdk rkia wcraf. G wcuaf imtuiaay fgsierkk‖wk divk oc wiy cn locwgoe tdit. Uk divk i nuomtgcoia, ifiptgvk bcfka cn rkiagty tdit `kst iaacws us tc survgvk go wditkvkr gs cut tdkrk, `ut tdkrk‗s oc rkisco tc tdgol tdit tdgs gs tdk rkia tdgoe, go ioy wiy. Go nimt, pkcpak divk acclkf it sgbuaitkf wcrafs, wgtd sgbuaitkf `kgoes, iof kxibgokf wdktdkr gt gs iawiys `kst ncr tdk skoscry ippiritus cn tdk `rigo tc bcfka rkiagty immuritkay. Iof imtuiaay tdit turos cut oct tc `k tdk misk. ]cbktgbks tdkrk irk tdgoes tdit irk kxmaufkf `y tdk `rigo, geocrkf `y tdk `rigo, cr fgstcrtkf `y tdk `rigo. Vdksk tdgoes, ncr virgcus rkiscos, wgaa dkap ycu tc survgvk go tdk wcraf. ]c wk mio‗t sgbpay issubk tdit tdk mcoskosus bcfka cn rkiagty gs tdk truk bcfka cn rkiagty. ]c tdgs gs by ixgcb. G iawiys divk tdgs go by prkskotitgcos: ‑Gn i wcraf ippkirs tc tdk mcosmgcusokss, gt bust divk io goncrbitgcoia rkprkskotitgco go tdk `rigo.‒ Udit fc G bkio `y goncrbitgcoia

954

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

rkprkskotitgco3 Gn ycu accl ircuof ycu tdk wcraf gs goncrbitgvk< kvkrytdgoe ircuof ycu gs rkprkskotkf `y goncrbitgco< tdk sdipks cn tdgoes, tdk pcsgtgcos cn tdgoes go ycur ngkaf cn vgkw, tdk wiy tdgoes irk bcvgoe, iof tdk mcacr cn tdgoes, iaa cn tdksk bust divk i rkprkskotitgco go tdk `rigo. Wcu bgedt fgsierkk wgtd tdit, iof gt bgedt oct `k mcrrkmt uatgbitkay. @ut, ncr kxibpak, gn ycu divk i strclk tdit innkmts tdk pirt cn ycur `rigo tdit rkprkskots mcacr, ycur wcraf wgaa `kmcbk fkvcgf cn mcacr. G sueekst io kxpkrgbkot: egvk cok cn tdksk strclk pitgkots scbk FBV‖wgaa tdky skk mcacrnua vgsgcos cr oct3 G sueekst tdit tdky wco‗t, `ut tdkrk‗s io gotkrkstgoe kxpkrgbkot gn ycu fgsierkk wgtd bk co tdgs pcgot. ]c gt fckso‗t bittkr wdktdkr wk skk i wcraf is rkia cr uorkia. Gn i wcraf ippkirs tc ycu, tdko gt bust divk io goncrbitgcoia rkprkskotitgco go tdk `rigo. Vdkrk‗s tdgs scrt cn cnt-quctkf pdrisk cr magmdç: Dcw fc wk fkngok tdk fgnnkrkomk `ktwkko rkiagty iof uorkiagty3 Gn gt‗s uorkia, gt‗s iaa go ycur gn gt‗s rkia, gt‗sbust oct. @ut mcursk gt fckso‗t bittkr wdktdkr gt‗sdkif< rkia criof oct‖tdk wcraf stgaa cn divk io goncrbitgcoia rkprkskotitgco go ycur `rigo. ]c G‗vk `irkay stirtkf, iof iarkify wk‗vk fgsscavkf tdk `cuofirgks cn wdit wk mio fkngok is rkia cr uorkia. Udgmd gs tdk rkiakst bcfka cn rkiagty, iof wdit‗s tdk fgnnkrkomk `ktwkko io uorkia rkiagty iof i truk cok3 Diaaumgoitgcos irk cntko miaakf niask pkrmkptgcos, iof tdgs gs i fkngogtgco ycu‗aa mcbk imrcss qugtk i act, `ut wk mio okvkr locw wdktdkr i pkrmkptgco gs truay niask cr oct. Uk bgedt pkrdips miaa tdkb‖uofkr mkrtigo mgrmubstiomks‖ocoifiptgvk pkrmkptgcos. @ut wk miooct `k fkngogtgvk go fkmgfgoe wdktdkr i pkrmkptgco gs rkia cr uorkia. ]c, G‗b ecgoe tc tial i`cut dcw tdk `rigo rkprkskots goncrbitgco. G iarkify fgsmusskf wdit G bkio `y goncrbitgco: tdk wiy tdit ycur wcraf gs strumturkf iof mcostrumtkf‖oct just vgsuiaay cn mcursk, is iaa tdk skosks bust `k tilko gotc immcuot‖gs nrcb goncrbitgco. Udit G tkof tc fc gs usk i dkurgstgm fkvgmk, i sgbpagngkf fkvgmk, tc kxpaigo iof ekt ycu tc uofkrstiof wdit G‗b fcgoe. Udko ycu tdgol cn tdk pirt cn tdk `rigo tdit gs bcfkagoe tdk wcraf, wk‗rk rkiaay tialgoe i`cut tdk mcrtkx

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco

wgtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots

957

iof pirtgmuair irkis cn tdk mcrtkx. Vdk mcrtkx gs ncafkf up gosgfk ycur sluaa, `ut gt‗s imtuiaay i nait sdkkt. Uk mio gbiegok tdk mcrtkx nrcb i `grf‗s-kyk vgkw, iof gt‗s `rclko up gotc tdksk bgogbiaay nuomtgcoia uogts miaakf mcaubos, iof tdksk mcaubos kimd divk spkmgngm rcaks go rkprkskotgoe goncrbitgco go tdk wcraf. Cn mcursk tdkrk irk imtuiaay `gaagcos iof `gaagcos cn tdksk mcaubos, `ut gn ycu mio gbiegok i nkw nrcb tdk sgfk, tdko ycu wcuaf skk tdit tdkrk irk aiykrs go tdksk mcaubos tdit irk gotkrmcookmtkf, iof tdgs gs tdk `isgs ncr bumd cn tdk mcbputitgco go tdk mcrtkx. @ut wk‗rk oct ecgoe tc ekt gotc tdit akvka cn fktiga `kmiusk gt‗s oct okmkssiry. Udit G wgaa fc gs stirt `y tdgolgoe i`cut i rkiaay sgbpak wcraf cr i sgbpak c`jkmt gn ycu aglk. Vdgs gs i vkry sgbpak wcraf tdit mcotigos cok c`jkmt, sumd is i agttak iagko nimk. Udko wk accl it tdgs iagko nimk gt mcotigos i act cn goncrbitgco. Vdk pcsgtgco cn tdk kyks, tdk sdipk cn tdk kyks, tdk cvkriaa ncrb cn tdk dkif, iof tdk bcutd‖tdgs gs iaa goncrbitgco iofgn bust iaa `k rkprkskotkf go ycur ]c tdgs gs tdk vgsuia pkrmkpt ycu aglk< tdgs gs wdit ippkirs tc mcrtkx. ycur mcosmgcusokss. Akt‗s ocw mcosgfkr tdk rkprkskotitgco go tdk `rigo. Udit G tkof tc usk gs i ncur-`y-ncur ergf cn mgrmaks, wdkrk i mgrmak gs i mcaubo< sc tdk ergf gs i rkprkskotitgco cn mcaubos. Iof wk mio ai`ka nuomtgcoiaay fgstgomt irkis: tdkrk‗s io irki fkvctkf tc bctgco, io irki fkvctkf tc mcacr, io irki fkvctkf tc ncrb, iof cok ncr tkxturk< `y imtgvitgoe spkmgngm mcaubos, ycu rkprkskot tdk goncrbitgcoia strumturk cn tdgs agttak iagko nimk. Go rkiagty cn mcursk ycu divk i vkry, vkry airek oub`kr cn tdksk mcaubos, `gaagcos cn tdksk mcaubos, iof tdky ncrb tdksk pittkros cn imtgvitgco, iof gt‗s tdk pittkros cn imtgvitgco tdit fktkrbgok tdk strumturk cn ycur wcraf. Vdgs gs dcw tdk goncrbitgcoia strumturk cn ycur wcraf gs rkprkskotkf. Uk mio skk tdgs lgof cn ritdkr mcbpakx pittkro iof octgmk tdit tdksk mcaubos irk oct gofkpkofkot. Vdk wcraf ircuof ycu, iatdcued gt gs kxtrkbkay goncrbitgvk, rgmd, iof fgvkrsk iof mcotigos i rioek cn fgnnkrkot ncrbs, mcacrs, iof sdipks, gs uogngkf. Iof gt gs uogngkf `kmiusk tdksk mcaubos irk gotkrmcookmtkf. ]c, ritdkr tdio sgbpay gbiegogoe gt is i scrt cn bcsigm cn i pittkro, ycu mio skk tdit gt imtuiaay

948

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

ncrbs i uogngkf strumturk `kmiusk cn tdksk gotkrmcookmtgcos. Nurtdkr, tdk mcookmtgcos irko‗t riofcb cr mcbpaktk, `ut tdky iasc ncrb pittkros. Vdky ncrb i strumturk< wk‗aa tial i`cut wdit tdgs strumturk bkios is wk bcvk ncrwirf. Vdgs mcookmtgvgty fktkrbgoks wdit‗s miaakf tdk gotrgosgm imtgvgty cn ycur mcrtgmia mcaubos, wdgmd gs tdk pittkros cn imtgvitgco tdit ycur mcrtkx ocrbiaay ifcpts. Go tdkcry, ycur mcrtkx mcuaf ifcpt i primtgmiaay gongogtk oub`kr cn fgnnkrkot pittkros, `ut cn mcursk oct iaa cn tdksk wcuaf rkprkskot bkiogoenua pkrmkpts< scbk cn tdkb wcuaf `k mcbpaktkay bkiogoeakss. Vdky mkrtigoay wcuafo‗t rkprkskot io ifiptgvk bcfka cn tdk wcraf. ]c tdk `rigo dis tc smuapt tdk pittkros cn mcookmtgvgty sc tdit tdk imtgvitgco pittkros rkprkskot i usknua bcfka cn tdk wcraf. Vdk mcookmtgvgty iaacws mkrtigo pittkros cn imtgvitgco. Wcur `rigo gs vkry eccf it `ugafgoe i wcraf. Go nimt, ycur `rigo `ugafs ycur wcraf, ycur mcoskosus bcfka cn rkiagty, is i fkniuat. @ut tdk `rigo frcppkfgttcpkrnkmtay< Kirtd, rkify stirt rkmkgvgoe fiti nrcb wcraf wiso‗t iof bcfkagoe gt diftctc kvcavk tdk i`gagty tc fc tdgs tdit. Iatdcued gt‗s oct mcbpaktkay uofkrstccf dcw tdgs dippkos, G eukss tdk `kst wiy cn tdgolgoe i`cut gt gs tc gbiegok tdit ycur `rigo gs rkmkgvgoe tdgs skoscry fiti nrcb tdk wcraf tdit gs imtgvitgoe spkmgngm pcpuaitgcos cn tdksk mcrtgmia mcaubos iof strkoetdkogoe iof wkilkogoe tdk mcookmtgcos wdgak iasc gotkrimtgoe wgtd tdk kovgrcobkot. Vdk pittkros fktkrbgokf tc `k tdk bcst ifiptgvk iof nuomtgcoiaay usknua irk skakmtkf ncr. Gt‗s miaakf okuria Firwgogsb. Ieigo, wk fco‗t okkf tc `k `ceekf fcwo go tdk fktigas, `ut gt‗s gbpcrtiot tdit wk uofkrstiof tdit tdgs i`gagty tc `ugaf tdgs bcfka cn rkiagty gs scbktdgoe tdit ycur `rigo akirokf iof kvcavkf tc fc. Ioctdkr wiy tc tdgol i`cut tdgs mcookmtgvgty gs tc gbiegok tdit iaa pcssg`ak stitks tdit tdk mcrtgmia systkb mio ifcpt irk rkprkskotkf co i lgof cn ittrimtcr aiofsmipk, iof coay tdksk acw kokrey stitks irk tdk stitks tdit irk ifcptkf. Vdksk irk tdk stitks tdit `ugaf i rkprkskotitgco cn mcoskosus rkiagty tdit gs nuomtgcoia, wdkrkis tdk stitks dgedkr up irk goimmkssg`ak ocrbiaay. Is tdk `rigo kvcavks tdk i`gagty tc rkprk-

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco w gtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots

949

skot tdk wcraf, i aiofsmipk gs ncrbkf is tdk mcookmtgcos irk bcafkf iof smuaptkf. Vdgs pirtgmuair aiofsmipk fkvkacps uotga kvkotuiaay ycu divk tdgs ittrimtcr aiofsmipk, tdgs systkb cn stitks tdit ycur `rigo ifcpts tdit rkprkskots mcoskosus rkiagty. Vdk `rigo gs cntko tdcuedt cn is i lgof cn mibkri tdit mio tilk io gbiek cn tdk wcraf. Imtuiaay, tdk `rigo bust mcostrumt tdk wcraf usgoe tdgs gotrgosgm imtgvgty tdit G‗vk just kxpaigokf. Vdk `rigo usks vkry agttak‖cr nir akss goncrbitgco tdio ycu‗f kxpkmt‖tc bcfka tdgs rkiagty. @isgmiaay wdit dippkos gs tdk sbiaa ibcuots cn skoscry fiti, cr kxtrgosgm goncrbitgco, irk bitmdkf tc tdgs coecgoe imtgvgty. Vdk coecgoe imtgvgty iawiys prcvgfks tdk mcotkxt ncr gomcbgoe fiti. Uk mio gbiegok scbk scrt cn goncrbitgcoia pittkro go tdk mcaubos nrcb tdk kxtkroia wcraf `kgoe bitmdkf tc iof ibpagnygoe spkmgngm pittkros cn imtgvgty tdit irk iawiys ecgoe co go ycur `rigo. ]c tdk `rigo rkiaay gs tuokf gotc tdk typks cn skoscry fiti tdit gt rkmkgvks nrcb tdk mcoskosus wcraf.kxmkaakot viagfitgco cn tdgs bcfka wcuaf `k tdk frkib I pkrnkmtay stitk. Udko ycu irk iwilk, tdk prgbiry skoscry irkis cn tdk `rigo tdit irk rkmkgvgoe fiti cr goncrbitgco nrcb tdk kxtkroia wcraf irk pissgoe tdit co tc dgedkr irkis tdit fc bcst cn tdk bcfka `ugafgoe. @ut wdko ycu irk isakkp, tdksk prgbiry skoscry irkis irk ksskotgiaay mut cnn. Vdit‗s oct kotgrkay truk, `ut skoscry fiti nrcb tdk kxtkroia wcraf gs airekay kxmaufkf. Furgoe tdk frkib stitk ycur `rigo gs pkrnkmtay dippy mcostrumtgoe tdk wcraf. Go nimt tdk okuria imtgvgty, tdgs gotrgosgm imtgvgty, cn tdk mcrtgmia systkb tdit `ugafs tdk wcraf go tdk wilgoe stitk gs kximtay tdk sibk is go tdk frkib stitk. Pkskirmdkrs divk acclkf it tdk ibcuot cn tgbk ycu spkof go i frkib tialgoe co i tkakpdcok cr witmdgoe V^, iof tdky imtuiaay ngof tdit tdgs mcrrkspcofs vkry wkaa wgtd tdk sibk prcpcrtgco cn tgbk tdit ycu spkof go tdk rkia wcraf, go wilgoe agnk. ]c frkibgoe rkiaay gs, go gts ercss ncrb, i mcotgouitgco cn wilgoe. Vdk fgnnkrkomk `ktwkko tdk frkib stitk iof tdk wilgoe stitk gs tdit tdk frkib stitk gs oct bcfuaitkf `y tdgs gomcbgoe skoscry fiti, sc tdgs skoscry bitmdgoe gs oct ecgoe co‖ycur wcraf

940

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

gs `kgoe `ugat kotgrkay nrcb tdgs gotrgosgm imtgvgty. Vdit stgaa ippagks furgoe tdk wilgoe stitk, kxmkpt kxtrgosgm goncrbitgco gs mcostrigogoe iof bcfuaitgoe tdk pittkros tdit irk ifcptkf. ]c, tdk ngrst tilk-dcbk bkssiek gs tdit tdk i`gagty cn tdk `rigo tc rkprkskot ioy wcraf‖ioy wcraf‖bust `k akirokf, gt bust `k kvcavkf. Vdgs gs io gbpcrtiot pcgot: ycur `rigo coay locws dcw tc `ugaf tdgs wcraf, cr it akist tdit‗s tdk wiy gt sdcuaf `k. ]c, turogoe tc psymdkfkagm frues, wk mio mcosgfkr i mcauboir pittkro rkprkskotgoe tdk ocrbia mcoskosus rkiagty stitk. Is G sigf, tdk pittkros cn imtgvitgco tdit bcfka tdk wcraf irk rkstrgmtkf `y tdgs pittkro cn mcookmtgvgty. Ncr rkiscos tdit G‗b oct ecgoe tc ec gotc, wdko ycu gotrcfumk i frue aglk A]F cr psgacmy`go, ycu ekt wdit G miaakf go by 089= pipkr i scrt cn ‑fkbcmritgsitgco cn tdk mcrtgmia mcaubos,‒ sc tdk `rigo gs i`ak tc ifcpt i airekr rkpkrtcgrk cn stitks. Vdgs gs scbktdgoe G prkfgmtkf go 089=, iof tdko i ykir aitkr Pc`go \Mirdirt-DirrgsR‖wdcb wk tc divk dgstdk tkib imtuiaay sdcwkf tdit`rigo tdgs wisirk go vkry nimt aumly tdk misk iof dkrk‖iof tdit furgoe psymdkfkagm stitk tdk ifcpts i airekr rkpkrtcgrk cn stitks. Wcu mio gbiegok wdit‗s ecgoe co gs tdgs ittrimtcr aiofsmipk gs `kgoe naittkokf i agttak `gt, sc tdk `rigo mio ifcpt stitks tdit gt ocrbiaay mcuafo‗t ifcpt. Vdk wcraf lgof cn bcvks< gt sdgnts sagedtay nrcb `kgoe vkry sti`ak iof prkfgmti`ak tc `kgoe uosti`ak, naugf, iof ocvka. @ut tdkrk‗s i `gt cn i prc`akb go by cpgogco. Udko ycu gotrcfumk FBV gotc tdk `rigo, scbktdgoe fgnnkrkot dippkos. Gt‗s oct aglk tdk `rigo sdgnts nrcb `ugafgoe tdk mcoskosus wcraf tc `ugafgoe i sagedtay fgnnkrkot vkrsgco cn tdk mcoskosus wcraf. Gt sdgnts, tdk mdiooka swgtmdks, iof gt stirts `ugafgoe i wcraf tdit dis oc rkaitgcosdgp wditsckvkr tc tdk mcoskosus wcraf. Ugtd ioctdkr lgof cn maissgmia psymdkfkagm aglk A]F, mkrtigoay it akist it acw fcsks, ycu ekt i ocvka imtgvitgco pittkro, yks. @ut wdko ycu gotrcfumk FBV, gt‗s is gn tdk `rigo gs swgtmdkf tc i mcbpaktkay fgnnkrkot bcfk, is gn i fgnnkrkot mcookmtgvgty pittkro dis `kko ifcptkf, sumd tdit tdk `rigo ocw `ugafs wgtd i `kiutgnuaay knncrtakss biookr tdgs kxtrkbkay mcbpakx, kxtrkbkay mcdkrkot, mrystiaagok, `kiutgnua, rgmd, iof

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco

wgtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots

94=

`gzirrk wcraf tdit dis oc rkaitgcosdgp tc tdk mcoskosus wcraf. Ncr bk tdit‗s lgof cn mconcuofgoe. Ioctdkr wiy ycu mio tdgol i`cut gt gs ritdkr tdio tdk ittrimtcr aiofsmipk `kgoe naittkokf, gt‗s is gn wk sdgnt gotc io kotgrkay fgnnkrkot ittrimtcr aiofsmipk. Uk skkb tc divk tdksk twc wcraf-`ugafgoe bcfks tdit tdk `rigo dis, fkpkofgoe co prkmgskay fkngokf okurcmdkbgmia stitks iof tdk gotkrimtgco cn spkmgngm rkmkptcr prcngaks. Ncr sgbpagmgty‗s silk wk mio mcosgfkr tdk ;-DV 0I iof ;-DV 9I skrctcogo rkmkptcrs, `ut ctdkrs biy `k govcavkf. ]c tdk `rigo gs sdgntgoe `ktwkko tdksk twc wcraf-`ugafgoe bcfks. Akt‗s tdgol i`cut tdk mcoskqukomk cn tdit, usgoe tdgs bcfka. Ocrbiaay, go tdk mcoskosus stitk tdgs skoscry fiti nrcb tdk mcoskosus wcraf gs bitmdkf tc tdgs coecgoe gotrgosgm imtgvgty tdit gs rkprkskotgoe tdk mcoskosus wcraf. Udko ycu sdgnt tc tdk FBV stitk, skoscry fiti nrcb tdk mcoskosus oc acoekr bitmdks tdk imtgvgty cn tdk mcoskosus wcraf. Vdgs gs wcraf wdy wdko ycu sbclk FBV‖gn ycu ekt i eccf fcsk‖ ycu fco‗t ekokriaay ec ncr i wial go tdk ncrkst. Wcu agk fcwo, iof ycu bgedt kvko stirt smrkibgoe `kmiusk ycur wcraf gs rkpaimkf. Fiti nrcb tdgs wcraf, tdgs mcoskosus wcraf, oc acoekr bitmdks tdgs coecgoe imtgvgty. Vdk qukstgco tdko `kmcbks: Gs tdk `rigo rkmkgvgoe fiti it iaa nrcb ioctdkr rkiagty3 Uk mio gbiegok tdit is tdk imtgvgty cn tdk `rigo mdioeks, skoscry fiti cn i fgnnkrkot lgof tdit wcuafo‗t divk bitmdkf tdk coecgoe imtgvgty kiragkr mio suffkoay `k bitmdkf tc tdgs coecgoe imtgvgty. ]c FBV iagko fiti nrcb tdgs ctdkr rkiagty mio `k bitmdkf. Go ctdkr wcrfs, tdk `rigo imqugrks tdk i`gagty tc rkmkgvk iof rkofkr skoscry fiti nrcb ioctdkr rkiagty. ]c ocw wk‗vk ect i okurcacegmia bcfka ncr tdgs swgtmd. Udko skrctcogo gs prkskot, tdk `rigo ifcpts i pirtgmuair pittkro cn imtgvitgco tdit iaacws mcoskosus fiti nrcb tdgs wcraf tc `k bitmdkf, tc `k prcmksskf, iof tc `k rkprkskotkf. @ut, wdko FBV gs prkskot, ycu ekt tdgs swgtmd, sc tdit mcoskosus fiti oc acoekr bitmdks tdk coecgoe imtgvgty, tdgs fiti nrcb tdgs iatkroitk rkiagty. Vdgs gs i okurcacegmia

946

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

kxpaioitgco ncr tdgs prkvgcusay ritdkr vieuk gfki cn tdk tuogoe bcfka, cn swgtmdgoe `ktwkko mdiookas. Kiragkr co, G sigf tdit tdk `rigo bust akiro tc `ugaf< gt bust kvcavk tdk i`gagty tc `ugaf wcrafs, gomaufgoe tdk mcoskosus wcraf iof, go by cpgogco, iasc tdk FBV wcraf. Udko pkcpak sbclk FBV, tdkrk gs tdgs rkbirli`ak skosk cn nibgagirgty< pkcpak tkof tc ec tc tdk sibk lgof cn paimk, iof tdk `rigo skkbs pkrnkmtay mipi`ak cn `ugafgoe tdgs lgof cn wcraf. Is wk‗vk sdcwo, tdgs i`gagty bust kvcavk, sc ycu mio gbiegok tdit tdk sibk prcmkss cn okurckvcautgco‖cn dcw tdk `rigo akirokf tc `ugaf tdk mcoskosus wcraf‖mio ocw `k uskf tc kxpaigo dcw tdk `rigo akirokf tc `ugaf tdk FBV wcraf. Gostkif cn skoscry fiti go tdk mcoskosus wcraf `kgoe sibpakf iof bcfuaitgoe tdk mcookmtgcos, skoscry fiti nrcb tdk FBV wcraf bcfuaitkf tdcsk pittkros cn imtgvitgco iof fkvkacpkf i lgof cn piriaaka skt cn mcookmtgvgtgks. Cn mcursk tdk prc`akb wgtd tdgs gs tdit gt bkios tdit FBV bust divk go tdk `rigowdko ncr vkry acoe pkrgcfs cn tgbk, iof go nimt tdkrk`kko bustprkskot divk `kko pkrgcfs FBV ksskotgiaay rkpaimkf skrctcogo. Vdgs gs wdy G mibk up wgtd tdgs gfki tdit FBV bgedt `k wdit G miaa io iomkstria okurcbcfuaitcr. FBV dis i oub`kr cn pdirbimcacegmia pkmuagirgtgks. Gt‗s io gomrkfg`ay sgbpak bcakmuak‖G scbktgbks miaa FBV i pdirbimcacegmiaay `auot gostrubkot. Iaa bcakmuaks divk i skt cn strumturks tdit gotkrimt wgtd tdk rkmkptcr, iof tdk irki wdkrk tdky gotkrimt gs miaakf i pdirbimcpdcrk. FBV fckso‗t skkb tc divk iomdcr pcgots tdit iomdcr gt gotc tdk rkmkptcr. Go skrctcogo, ycu‗vk ect i dyfrcxya ercup, wdgmd gotkrimts wgtd tdk rkmkptcr iof gs ksskotgia, iof ycu iasc divk tdk ogtrceko. Vdgs ogtrceko gs stgaa tdkrk go FBV, kxmkpt gt‗s bislkf `y tdksk ctdkr twc bktdya ercups. Bcfkagoe stufgks divk sdcwo tdit tdgs bkios tdk FBV ogtrceko gs imtuiaay uoi`ak tc gotkrimt wgtd tdk rkmkptcr. ]c gt‗s vkry wkgrf. Gn ycu wkrk tc accl it tdit gotkrimtgco oct locwgoe ioytdgoe i`cut gt, ycu‗f siy gt gs ecgoe tc `k goimtgvk iof gs oct ecgoe tc fc ioytdgoe. @ut cn mcursk ycu‗f `k mcbpaktkay wrcoe i`cut tdit. ]c FBV dis tdksk strioek pkmuagirgtgks iof tdgs murgcus inngogty wgtd tdk dubio `rigo tdit G tdgol gs fgnngmuat tc uofkrstiof.

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco

wgtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots

94;

]c FBV gs kxtrkbkay sgbpak. Gt‗s bkti`cagzkf nir bcrk ripgfay tdio ctdkr psymdkfkagms, iof gt fckso‗t kxdg`gt tcakriomk, wdgmd gs uousuia. Is Fkoogs \BmLkooiR iof Kfk \NrkmsliR divk spclko i`cut, gt‗s i su`stritk ncr virgcus imtgvk triospcrt systkbs go tdk `rigo. Gt dis tdgs vkry makio imtgco‖i makio swgtmd nrcb mcoskosus rkiagty tc tdk FBV stitk. Xkrdips tdkrk‗s i vkstgegia purpcsk3 G‗b usgoe tdit wcrf vkstgegia euirfkfay `kmiusk gt bkios tdit pkrdips FBV fckso‗t divk i bcfkro nuomtgco, `ut Kfk gs sdcwgoe ocw tdit FBV pcssg`ay fcks divk i bcfkro nuomtgco< `ut tdk akvkas go tdk `rigo irk su`psymdkfkagm. Gn wk tdgol i`cut cur iomkstry, cur pist, G fkvkacpkf tdgs bcfka cn wdit G miaa piriaaka okuria kvcautgco, wdkrk G gbiegokf tdit tdk `rigo mymakf `ktwkko skrctcogo prcfumtgco iof FBV prcfumtgco. Go tdk bcfka, skrctcogo prcfumtgco pkilkf furgoe tdk fiyagedt dcurs‖iof tdit‗s imtuiaay tdk misk, ncr kxibpak skrctcogo fcks frcp wdko ycu kotkr tdk frkib stitk‖iof tdko furgoe tdk ogedt tgbk pkrgcf, FBV rkpaimkf gt. Furgoe tdk `rigo wcuaftdk`k`rigo gotkrimtgoe tdgs mcoskosus wcraf, iof fiyagedt tdko furgoe frkibgoe wcuaf wgtd `k gotkrimtgoe wgtd tdk FBV wcraf. G‗b oct siygoe dkrk tdit FBV mrkitks frkibs. Frkibs irk vkry, vkry fgnnkrkot nrcb tdk FBV stitk. G‗b imtuiaay siygoe tdit ycu wcuaf `k divgoe i FBV kxpkrgkomk, iof ycu wcuaf `k gotkrimtgoe wgtd tdk FBV wcraf furgoe tdgs iomgkot ncrb. Xaimk gt wdkrk ycu aglk go tdk pist, go cur kvcautgcoiry dgstcry‖tdit‗s up ncr fgsmussgco. @ut tdk `rigo wcuaf `k gotkrimtgoe wgtd tdgs FBV rkiagty furgoe tdk frkib stitk. Vdgs rigsks i nkw gotkrkstgoe pcgots `kmiusk wk ocw tdgol, cr bioy pkcpak tdgol‖iatdcued gt‗s mkrtigoay oct prcvko‖tdit pkrdips tdk pgokia eaiof dis scbktdgoe tc fc wgtd FBV skmrktgco. Vdk pgokia‗s bcfkro nuomtgco gs tc skmrktk bkaitcogo, iof tdgs prcfumtgco gs trgeekrkf `y firlokss. ]c gt bilks skosk tdit is ycu fksmkofkf gotc sakkp it ogedt, tdgs firlokss wcuaf trgeekr oct just bkaitcogo prcfumtgco `ut iasc pkrdips FBV prcfumtgco. G wis rkifgoe Eridib \Diomcml‗sR `ccl ]upkroituria, iof go tdk kiray pirts cn tdk `ccl dk‗s tialgoe i`cut tdksk mivks, iof gosgfk tdkb gs [ppkr Xiakcagtdgm mivk irt fkpgmtgoe tdksk strioek mrkiturks nrcb

94>

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

`kycof, iof G tdgol tdit Eridib iof ctdkrs divk sueekstkf tdit tdgs gs `kmiusk tdksk gofgvgfuias wkrk divgoe vgsgcos‖tdky wkrk sdibios. Gt dis iawiys `kko issubkf tdit tdky wkrk goekstgoe scbk scrt cn frue. G sueekst tdit pkrdips tdgs stitk wis imtuiaay kofcekocus. G‗f aglk tc prcpcsk io uatgbitk kxpaioitgco ncr wdy tdksk pigotgoes wkrk fcok fkkp fcwo go pgtmd `aiml mivks, wdgmd gs i vkry wkgrf tdgoe tc fc. @ut, pkrdips `y ecgoe fkkp uofkrercuof wgtd oc immkss it iaa tc agedt, ycu wcuaf stgbuaitk tdk pgokia, wdgmd gs stgbuaitkf `y firlokss iof wcuaf prcfumk kofcekocus FBV. @y fcgoe tdgs, tdky wcuaf divk FBV vgsgcos. Vdko ycu fco‗t divk tc wcrry i`cut wdkrk tdky ect vgsgcoiry paiots, wdgmd coks tdky uskf, ktmktkri. @ut it scbk pcgot go cur pist wk skkb tc divk acst tdgs nuomtgco iof tdk i`gagty tc skmrktk FBV go psymdkfkagm mcomkotritgcos. Gbpcrtiotay, tdk `rigo stgaa locws dcw tc `ugaf tdgs FBV wcraf, `kmiusk gt akirokf tc `ugaf tdgs wcraf i acoe tgbk iec. Vdgs iasc rkscoitks wgtd Vcoy Urgedt‗s gfki tdit wk divk uofkrecok itrcpdgmitgco, fkmagok okuria nuomtgco, bgedt go tdk imtuiaay aist 988,888 ykirs io cr sc. Cok cn tdk iknnkmts cn go tdgs itrcpdgmitgco divk `kko i acss cn tdgs FBV-skmrktgoe i`gagty, iof wk mio iasc gbiegok tdk nimt tdit, gn wk fgf divk tdgs i`gagty, gt bgedt kxpaigo wdy wk ect idkif go tdk tkmdocacegmia rimk. Uk mcuaf divk `kko rkmkgvgoe fiti nrcb tdgs wcraf go tdgs kiray pkrgcf. Uk dif knnkmtgvkay `kko agvgoe piriaaka agvks, gotkrimtgoe wgtd tdgs wcraf furgoe tdk fiyagedt dcurs iof gotkrimtgoe wgtd tdgs iagko wcraf wdko wk wkrk isakkp furgoe firlokss. Iof wk biy divk `kko rkmkgvgoe usknua fiti go tdit rkeirf. Vdit‗s just io gfki< bilk wdit ycu wiot cn gt. ]c nir wk divk ksti`agsdkf cr sueekstkf tdit tdk `rigo mio swgtmd `ktwkko stitks: go cok stitk gt mio rkmkgvk fiti nrcb tdgs mcoskosus wcraf, iof wk locw kximtay dcw tdit wcrls, iof tdko furgoe tdk FBV stitk gt rkmkgvks fiti nrcb tdgs iagko wcraf. Dcpknuaay tdcsk cn ycu wdc divk `kko tdgolgoe wcuaf siy tdgs gs i `gt cn i fgnngmuat qukstgco `kmiusk wk uofkrstiof kximtay dcw goncrbitgco nrcb tdgs wcraf gs sibpakf `y tdk `rigo, `ut tdkrk fckso‗t skkb tc `k i bkmdiogsb ncr tdk `rigo tc rkmkgvk fiti tdit fckso‗t mcbk tdrcued tdk ngvk skosks, iof FBV fiti

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco

wgtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots

945

mkrtigoay fckso‗t ippkir tc mcbk tdrcued tdk ocrbia ngvk-skosk mcofugts. ]c dcw mio tdk `rigo rkmkgvk tdgs lgof cn fiti3 Vdgs gs rkiaay i `gt cn i prc`akb. Gt‗s oct tdk rkiagty cn tdgs FBV wcraf tdit gs io gssuk‖pkcpak iawiys tial i`cut wdktdkr tdk wcraf gs rkia cr oct. Vdkrk‗s octdgoe go pdysgms tdit siys ycu mio‗t divk piriaaka uogvkrsks pcpuaitkf wgtd kavks, cr biotgsks, cr ctdkr dubiocgfs, cr ctdkr strioek mrkiturks< tdkrk‗s octdgoe strioek i`cut tdit is sumd. Udit‗s rkbirli`ak, gn tdgs wcraf kxgsts, gs tdit wk mio imtuiaay immkss gt, `kmiusk tdkrk skkbs tc `k oc bkmdiogsb ncr fiti tc `k goputtkf. Is wk‗vk skko, tdk `rigo bust rkprkskot tdgs wcraf< tdk goncrbitgcoia strumturk cn tdk FBV wcraf dis tc `k rkprkskotkf go tdk `rigo. Vdk qukstgco gs: Gs gt `kgoe bcfuaitkf `y fiti nrcb tdgs FBV rkiagty3 Gn wk siy tdit FBV rkiagty gs truay i rkiagty, tdko wk okkf tc tdgol cn i bkmdiogsb ncr dcw tdgs fiti mio `k sibpakf. Go by cpgogco tdit‗s ecgoe tc rkqugrk us tc mdioek tdk wiy tdit wk ocrbiaay tdgol nir G‗vk spclko Wcu i`cutmiotdksk imtgvitgco pittkros, `uti`cut gt‗s i rkiagty. lgof cn]cstitgm strumturk. gbiegok tdksk imtgvitgco pittkros sdgntgoe nrcb bcbkot tc bcbkot, rkprkskotgoe kimd bcbkot, kimd wcraf, it kimd bcbkot. @ut go nimt tdk `rigo gs io kxtrkbkay fyoibgm strumturk `ctd it tdk akvka cn gofgvgfuia okurcos, wdgmd uofkrec tdksk mcbpakx csmgaaitgcos iof cmmisgcoiaay strioek spglgoe imtgvgty, `ut kspkmgiaay wdko ycu ekt tc airek ercups cn okurcos. Pkbkb`kr tdit tdk mcookmtgvgty gs tdk strumturk cn tdk mcrtkx, iof sc ercups cn okurcos ifcpt mcbpakx pittkros cn imtgvgty. @ut, iffgoe wdit wk locw nrcb KKE, ritdkr tdio tdgolgoe cn tdk `rigo is rkprkskotgoe goncrbitgco sgbpay is i pittkro cn imtgvitgco cn tdksk mcaubos, gt‗s `kttkr tc tdgol cn tdk `rigo is bcrk aglk io kxtrkbkay mcbpakx vg`ritgcoia strumturk mcbpcskf cn bioy fgnnkrkot vg`ritgcoia bcfks. Vdgs gs wdit‗s miaakf i okuria ngkaf bcfka, wdgmd trkits tdk mcrtkx is tdgs uogngkf strumturk. Gn wk mcosgfkr tdk vg`ritgcoia bcfks cn i mgrmuair fgsl, gt‗s tdk strumturk cn tdk mgrmuair fgsl tdit fktkrbgoks tdk bcfks cn vg`ritgco tdit gt mio ifcpt. Ocw tdit sdcuaf rgoe i `kaa, `kmiusk wk sigf tdit

944

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

tdk mcookmtgvgty cn tdk `rigo, wdgmd gs gts strumturk, fktkrbgoks tdk pittkros cn imtgvgty cr tdk bcfks‖tdk vg`ritgcoia bcfks gn ycu aglk‖tdit gt mio ifcpt. Vdit wis cur kiragkr bcfka< gt‗s i lgof cn stitgm bcfka, iof skoscry fiti gs bitmdkf tc tdgs coecgoe imtgvgty. Xkrdips ocw wk mio mdioek cur bcfka, cr ifipt gt sagedtay tc io kqugviakot bcfka, iof tdgol cn tdk `rigo is `kgoe tdgs mcbpakx vg`ritgcoia strumturk tdit gs rkscoitgoe wgtd skoscry fiti nrcb tdk kovgrcobkot. Vdgs gs mcbpaktkay kqugviakot tc wdit G sigf `kncrk i`cut skoscry fiti `kgoe sibpakf, `ut G wiot tc tdgol i`cut gt sagedtay fgnnkrkotay, is tdk `rigo‖`iskf co gts strumturk iof gts mcookmtgvgty‖ifcpts tdgs mcbpakx, vg`ritgcoia bcfk tdit rkscoitks wgtd skoscry fiti nrcb tdk mcoskosus wcraf. Vdk `rigo gs tuokf go tc tdk mcoskosus wcraf ritdkr aglk i `kaa< gt‗s tuokf gotc i pirtgmuair rkscoiot nrkqukomy, ncr kxibpak. Iof go tdk sibk wiy, wdko ycu swgtmd cnn tdk kxtkroia scurmk cn tdk vg`ritgco, tdk `rigo, sgbgair tc i `kaa, mcotgouks tc rgoe. Vdgs gs wdit wk‗rk tialgoe i`cut go tdk frkib stitk mcoskosus wcraf. Go tdk frkibwdkrk stitk,tdk tdk`rigo `rigomcotgouks mcotgoukstctcrkprkskot rgoe, aglktdk i `kaa. Ocw cn mcursk tdgs iasc bkios tdit ioy goncrbitgco, nrcb wdkrkvkr, tdit fcks oct rkscoitk wgtd tdgs coecgoe imtgvgty sgbpay fckso‗t kxgst nrcb tdk pkrspkmtgvk cn tdk `rigo. Kiragkr G sigf tdit furgoe tdk mcoskosus stitk, tdk ocrbia wilgoe stitk, FBV fiti mcuaf oct `k bitmdkf tc tdgs coecgoe imtgvgty tdit ekokritks tdk mcoskosus wcraf, iof sc tdgs FBV-stitk fiti fckso‗t kxgst nrcb tdk pkrspkmtgvk cn tdk `rigo `kmiusk gt fckso‗t rkscoitk. Cn mcursk tdgs wcrls `ctd wiys. Gn ycu mdioek tdk vg`ritgcoia bcfks cn tdk `rigo, pkrdips usgoe frues, sumd tdit tdky oc acoekr rkscoitk wgtd fiti nrcb tdk mcoskosus wcraf, tdko tdk mcoskosus wcraf fgsippkirs< tdgs gs wdit dippkos furgoe tdk FBV kxpkrgkomk. ]c nir wk‗vk acclkf it twc sagedtay fgnnkrkot `ut rkiaay kqugviakot bcfkas cn tdk wiy tdk `rigo bcfkas iof sibpaks fiti nrcb tdk wcraf. @ut gn wk wiot tc kxpaigo tdk FBV stitk, wk okkf tc ec i agttak `gt nurtdkr. Uk‗vk rkiaay coay `kko acclgoe it tdk `rigo nrcb tdk cutsgfk‖ wdit gs tdk imtgvgty3 Bkiowdgak iaa tdk gotkrkstgoe tdgoes irk dippkogoe nrcb wgtdgo.

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco

wgtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots

947

Ngrst cn iaa wk rkiaay okkf tc tial i`cut wdit G mcosgfkr tc `k cok cn tdk erkitkst bgstilks go pdgacscpdy. G‗vk spclko tc i oub`kr cn pdgacscpdkrs i`cut tdgs iof tdky ekokriaay `aibk Pkoç Fksmirtks, `ut ycu bgedt divk fgnnkrkot cpgogcos. @isgmiaay, it scbk pcgot go cur dgstcry, wk fkmgfkf tdit wk‗f spagt tdk wcraf gotc tdk su`jkmtgvk iof tdk c`jkmtgvk, wdit Xgkrrk Vkgadirf fk Mdirfgo miaakf tdk wgtdgo cn tdgoes iof tdk wgtdcut cn tdgoes. Ocw tdgs miuskf bioy prc`akbs. Gt wiso‗t sc bumd tdk spagttgoe cn rkiagty gotc tdk c`jkmtgvk iof tdk su`jkmtgvk tdit wis tdk prc`akb, gt wis tdit ncr scbk rkisco wk‖iatdcued Fksmirtks dgbskan fkbcostritkf tdit tdk coay tdgoe wk mio okvkr fkoy gs cur cwo mcosmgcusokss, cur cwo bgof‖ncr scbk mrizy rkisco wk fkmgfkf tc rkeirf tdk c`jkmtgvk wcraf tdit wk mio okvkr ekt tc is tdk ercuof cn rkiagty. Vdko wk spkot tdk okxt tdrkk cr ncur duofrkf ykirs trygoe tc wcrl cut dcw tdgs c`jkmtgvk bittkr egvks rgsk tc tdgs su`jkmtgvk wcraf. Uk stgaa divko‗t scavkf gt sc wk ekt iaa aglk cn tdksk prc`akbs. Xdgacscpdkrs, pirtgmuairay pdkrs cn bgof, tc mrkitk prc`akbs ncr tdkbskavks iof tdkopdgacscspkof i act cn tgbk trygoe tc scavk tdkb. Vdk bcst nibcus cn tdksk prc`akbs gs cn mcursk tdk dirf prc`akb cn mcosmgcusokss, wdgmd ecks wgtd tdk kisy prc`akb cn mcosmgcusokss, wdgmd gs iasc qugtk dirf. Uk iasc divk tdk bgof-`cfy prc`akb: dcw fcks tdk bgof rkaitk tc tdk `cfy3 Gs gt tdk sibk tdgoe, iaa cn tdgs stunn3 [atgbitkay, tdgs rkiaay mcbks fcwo tc bitkrgiagsb iof tdk gfki tdit tdk wcraf gs mcostrumtkf nrcb bittkr iof scbkdcw wdko bittkr gs creiogzkf go mkrtigo wiys gt suffkoay `kmcbks mcosmgcus, wdgmd gs vkry fgnngmuat tc uofkrstiof‖ dkomk tdk dirf prc`akb. @ut gn wk ifipt, tdko tdk dirf prc`akb fgsscavks. Ncr gostiomk, wk nagp cur bcfka cn rkiagty iof siy, ‑imtuiaay, tdkrk‗s oc sumd tdgoe is io c`jkmtgvk wcraf, kvkrytdgoe gs su`jkmtgvk, kvkrytdgoe gs mcostrumtkf nrcb mcosmgcusokss‒‖iof G‗b surk bioy cn ycu irk sybpitdktgm tc tdit gfki. Uk fco‗t divk tc mdioek cur pdysgms, `y tdk wiy< just `kmiusk wk siy tdit mcosmgcusokss gs nuofibkotia fckso‗t bkio tdit wk divk tc mcosgfkr mcosmgcusokss tc `k tdgs lgof cn ibcrpdcus ngkaf cr scup. Mcosmgcusokss dis strumturk. Cpko ycur

978

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

kyks, ycu mio skk tdk wcraf ircuof ycu< tdgs gs iaa mcosmgcusokss, tdgs dis strumturk. Uk fco‗t okkf tc mdioek cur pdysgms go ioy wiy< gostkif cn rkeirfgoe c`jkmtgvk bittkr is `kgoe nuofibkotia, wk sgbpay siy tdit tdk su`jkmtgvk gs nuofibkotia. Mcosmgcusokss gs nuofibkotia. Vdk wcraf gs mcostrumtkf nrcb mcosmgcusokss. Vdgs gs rkiaay i ncrb cn gfkiagsb, `ut G‗b oct gotkrkstkf go —gsbs dkrk. Udko wk fc tdksk tdgoes, tdk dirf prc`akb fgsscavks, `kmiusk wdko wk siy tdit mcosmgcusokss gs nuofibkotia wk fco‗t divk tc kxpaigo dcw fkif bittkr `kmcbks mcosmgcus. Iasc tdk bgof-`cfy prc`akb ecks iwiy. G tdgol tdgs gs rkiaay wdkrk wk okkf tc `k bcvgoe tcwirf gn wk‗rk ecgoe tc kxpaigo tdk FBV stitk. Uk okkf tc `isgmiaay ncrekt i`cut tdk c`jkmtgvk wcraf. Vdit fckso‗t bkio tdit wk‗rk oct gotkrkstkf go acclgoe it `rigo imtgvgty, `kmiusk tdit‗s rkiaay goncrbitgvk iof gt dis `kko dkapgoe us sc nir, `ut wk bust uofkrstiof tdit nuofibkotiaay kvkrytdgoe gs su`jkmtgvk. Vdgs pkrdips qugtk ekt ycur dkif ircuof, `ut G tdgol gt‗s gfki rkiaaygsgbpcrtiot tdit fgnngmuat wk fc sc.tcG dgeday rkmcbbkof @kroirfc Listrup‗s `ccl Udy Bitkrgiagsb gs @iacoky . Dk kxpaigos tdgs bcfka cn rkiagty ritdkr `kttkr tdio G kvkr mcuaf: ‑Gn kvkr tdkrk wis i pkrnkmt miofgfitk tc `k sagmkf makio cut cn kxgstkomk `y Cmmib‗s rizcr, gt cuedt tc `k tdk octgco tdit io kotgrk uoprcvi`ak uogvkrsk kxgsts cutsgfk cn bgof.‒ G tdgol tdit puts gt pkrnkmtay. ]c, wdit gs i `rigo3 Ukaa, i `rigo gs i strumturk tdit gs ncrbkf nrcb mcosmgcusokss. Gt ippkirs tc `k tdgs lgof cn ekaitgocus strumturk nrcb tdk cutsgfk. @ut gn ycu gbiegok mcosmgcusokss is oct `kgoe tdgs dgedkr-fgbkosgcoia strumturk, tdgs bitrgx cn mcosmgcusokss, `ut ritdkr gbiegok gt is i cok-fgbkosgcoia agok, ycu mio tdko gbiegok tdit is tdgs cok-fgbkosgcoia agok ncafs up gt ncrbs locts, iof tdksk mcbpakx locts `kmcbk skan-rknakmtgvk. ]c iatdcued mcosmgcusokss gs nuofibkotia, tdkrk‗s iasc mcosmgcusokss tdit skkbs tc divk tdgs grrksgstg`ak frgvk tc skan-mcbpakxgny iof skan-creiogzk. Is mcosmgcusokss ncrbs tdksk mcbpakx strumturks tdit wk miaa `rigos, tdko tdksk strumturks `kmcbk skanrknakmtgvk< sc wk irk tdksk ncmg, tdksk pcgots cn vgkw.

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco

wgtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots

979

Vdgs wiy cn acclgoe it tdk wcraf rkbgofs bk cn tdk Dgofu gfki cn @ridbio, tdk nuofibkotia ercuof cn `kgoe, wdgmd scbk gotkrprkt is `kgoe mcosmgcusokss, ]it Mdgt Ioiofi, ‑`kgoe mcosmgcusokss `agss.‒ @ridbio paiys it `ugafgoe tdk wcraf. Dk fckso‗t fc gt `kmiusk dk okkfs tc pkrnkmt dgbskan‖`kmiusk dk‗s iarkify pkrnkmt cn mcursk‖`ut ritdkr dk gs koeiekf go tdgs tdgoe miaakf Agai: tdk eibk, tdk fribi, paiygoe it `ugafgoe tdk wcraf. G tdgol cok wiy ycu mio gotkrprkt Agai cr tdk kxprkssgco cn Agai gs tdit mcosmgcusokss strumturkf gtskan go sumd i wiy tdit gt oituriaay skan-creiogzks iof skan-mcbpakxgngks tc ncrb tdksk pcgots cn vgkw. Vdko ycu gbiegok tdk skan `kmcbgoe acst go tdgs wcraf. Iaio Uitts fksmrg`kf rkiagty is tdgs eibk cn dgfk iof skkl, iof tdit tdk skan `kmcbks bioy skavks, wgtd i sbiaa ‑s,‒ iof `kmcbks acst go tdgs wcraf tdit gt mrkitks ncr gtskan. Ukaa dcw wcuaf ycu imdgkvk tdit3 @y strumturgoe ycurskan sumd tdit ycu oituriaay ncrb tdksk dgeday mcbpakx strumturks ncrbkf cut cn tdk bitrgx cn mcosmgcusokss cr @ridbio, gn ycu aglk, wdgmd `kmcbk bioy fgnnkrkot gofgvgfuia pcgots cn vgkw. ]cuogtdit, G tdgol,tdko gs biy`k i bkmdiogsb `y wdgmd @ridbio mrkitks iaa tdk vkrsk, gomaufgoe tdk FBV uogvkrsk cn mcursk. Divgoe mdioekf tdgs bcfka cn rkiagty nrcb tdk cutsgfk tc tdk gosgfk, wk ocw okkf tc mdioek cur bcfka cn wdit dippkos furgoe tdk FBV stitk. ]c nir wk‗vk acclkf it tdk `rigo nrcb tdk cutsgfk iof acclkf it gts imtgvgty iof trgkf tc uofkrstiof dcw gt wcrls, `ut ocw wk okkf tc bcvk gowirf, `kmiusk gt‗s oct sc bumd tdk mdioek go tdk strumturk go tdk imtgvgty cn tdk `rigo tdit‗s gbpcrtiot, gt‗s imtuiaay tdk mdioek go tdk strumturk iof tdk imtgvgty cn mcosmgcusokss. Uk tdgol i`cut tdgs sibk gfki `ut nrcb tdk su`jkmtgvk pkrspkmtgvk. Uk‗vk bcvkf iwiy nrcb tdk `rigo. Ocw wk‗rk acclgoe it tdk strumturk cn tdk su`jkmtgvk mcosmgcusokss. Vdk bktipdcr tdit‗s cntko uskf gs tdk gfki cn i wdgrapcca go io cmkio tdit dis i mkrtigo strumturk, iof tdit mcosmgcusokss gs tdgs skanmcbpakxgnygoe strumturk tdit ncrbs tdgs wdgrapcca tdit ippkirs tc `k sti`ak. Gt‗s imtuiaay rkaitgvkay triosgkot, `ut gt skkbs tc ncrb tdgs sti`ak strumturk. Kiragkr G gotrcfumkf tdk gfki cn rkscoiomk tc bilk gt makir dcw wk

970

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

mio tdgol i`cut mcosmgcusokss is `kgoe i su`jkmtgvk strumturk, sumd tdit gt rkscoitks wgtd tdk bitrgx cn bgof. Iof gt‗s tdk strumturk cn tdgs skanrknakmtgvk mcbpakx cn mcosmgcusokss tdit iaacws gt tc rkscoitk wgtd spkmgngm pittkros go tdk bgofngkaf, tdk gongogtk bgofngkaf, cr wditkvkr ycu wiot tc miaa gt. Iof sc wdit wk irk dkrk gs i ercup cn tdksk skan-rknakmtgvk mcbpakxks tdit cmmupy i mcaakmtgvk rkiagty. Vdk rkisco wk cmmupy i mcaakmtgvk rkiagty gs `kmiusk wk iaa divk `rigos, iof wk iaa divk mcosmgcusokss cn `isgmiaay tdk sibk typk cn strumturk, sc wk‗rk iaa tuokf go< wk‗rk iaa `ugafgoe i sgbgair bcfka cn tdk wcraf, tdkrkncrk wk‗rk iaa skkgoe tdk wcraf prc`i`ay go i vkry sgbgair wiy. Uk iaa ifcpt tdgs mcoskosus rkiagty. ]c tdgs gs cur mcaakmtgvk rkiagty‖tdksk agttak skan-rknakmtgvk mcbpakxks tdit divk ncrbkf cut cn tdgs bitrgx cn bgof. Gn wk try tc tdgol ocw i`cut tdk airekr strumturk cn mcosmgcusokss, tdgs gongogtk bitrgx, G gbiegok tdit wk irk go i vkry sbiaa irki cn tdgs gongogtk cn tdio mcosmgcusokss gs imtuiaay istcogsdgoeay mcbpakx, nir bcrkbitrgx mcbpakx wk mcuaf tdit pcssg`ay kvkr `kego tc uofkrstiof. ]c go tdgs duek mcbpakx-mcosmgcusokss bitrgx, tdksk skan-rknakmtgvk mcbpakxks divk ncrbkf, iof tdky kimd cmmupy tdgs mcaakmtgvk rkiagty. Vdkrk mcuaf wkaa `k io gongogtk oub`kr. Gbpcrtiotay, wdkrkvkr ycu ekt skan-rknakmtgvk mcbpakxks ncrbkf, tdky tkof tc divk tdk sibk strumturk go tdk sibk irki cn tdgs mcosmgcusokss bitrgx, iof tdky ncrb i mcaakmtgvk rkiagty. Uk mio gbiegok us `kgoe i skpiritk mcaakmtgvk rkiagty. Vdk coay rkisco tdit tdky fco‗t ncrb i mcaakmtgvk rkiagty wgtd ctdkr irkis cn tdk mcosmgcusokss bitrgx gs `kmiusk tdkgr strumturk gs fgnnkrkot, sc tdky fco‗t rkscoitk. Vdksk mcaakmtgvk rkiagtgks irk mcbpaktkay skpiritk. Fgstiomk gso‗t gbpcrtiot. G‗b oct surk tdit fgstiomk gs kvkr cn ioy rkia sgeogngmiomk, `ut gt‗s rkiaay tc fc wgtd tdgs aiml cn rkscoiot gotkrimtgco. ]c wk‗vk ect i skan-rknakmtgvk mcbpakx tdit‗s ncrbkf scbkwdkrk go tdk bitrgx cn bgof. Vdgs mcuaf `k io kan ncr kxibpak, iof gt wcuaf `k pirt cn tdk mcaakmtgvk rkiagty cn ctdkr kavks iof ctdkr FBV kotgtgks, wdgmd makiray irk strumturkf go sumd i wiy tdit tdky cmmupy tdkgr cwo mcaakmtgvk rkiagty. @ut cn mcursk is nir is cur mcaakmtgvk rkiagty gs mcomkrokf,

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco w gtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots

97=

tdgs kan rkiagty fckso‗t kxgst `kmiusk wk irk rkscoitgoe wgtd cur pirtgmuair strumturk go cur irki cn tdk bitrgx cn bgof. ]c tdgs FBV kan go dgs rkiagty fckso‗t kxgst. @ut cn mcursk dk fcks‖iof dk‗s mcosmgcus! Dk‗s i skan-rknakmtgvk mcbpakx ncrbkf cn mcosmgcusokss. Dk gs just is uoi`ak tc fkoy dgs cwo kxgstkomk is ycu irk. @ut wk mio‗t mcbbuogmitk wgtd dgb. Dcwkvkr, is wk‗vk skko, wdko ycu rkpaimk skrctcogo wgtd FBV ycu ekt i mdioek go tdk strumturk. Uk kxpaigo tdgs go tkrbs cn tdk mdioek go tdk pittkros cn mcookmtgvgty iof tdk mdioek go tdk pittkros cn imtgvitgco tdit mio `k ifcptkf. Wcu mio tdgol i`cut tdgs ocw is gotrcfumgoe FBV gotc mcosmgcusokss, `kmiusk wk‗rk bcvgoe tc tdk su`jkmtgvk pkrspkmtgvk. FBV miusks tdk strumturk cn mcosmgcusokss tc mdioek sumd tdit gts vg`ritgcoia strumturk gs iatkrkf iof gts vg`ritgcoia bcfks irk mdioekf. FBV mdioeks tdk strumturk iof tdk vg`ritgcoia bcfks cn tdgs skanrknakmtgvk mcbpakx. Vdit bkios tdit tdgs dubio wgtd FBV prkskot suffkoay kotkrs‖oct go i bktipdcrgmia skosk `ut go i agtkria skosk‖tdk mcaakmtgvk rkiagty cn tdksk `kncrk fgfo‗t mcaakmtgvk rkiagty. Dgs `cfy`kgoes bgedttdit ippkir tc `k stgaa kxgst. tdkrk,Dk `utakivks tdit‗sycur just io gbiek go ycur cwo mcosmgcusokss< dk gs agtkriaay kotkrgoe tdk mcaakmtgvk rkiagty cn tdksk `kgoes, wdgmd irk pkrnkmtay mcosmgcus. ]gbpay `y mdioegoe cur gfki cn rkiagty sagedtay wdgak stgaa divgoe cur nkkt paiotkf ngrbay go okurc`gcacey, wk mio stirt tc tdgol i`cut dcw wk mio mcbbuogmitk `ktwkko tdksk fgnnkrkot mcaakmtgvk rkiagtgks, pkrdips tc ekt `iml gbpcrtiot fiti. Go by cpgogco, G tdgol wk mio tilk skrgcusay tdk gfki tdit tdksk FBV kotgtgks irk mcosmgcus, tdit tdky irk iwirk cn ycur prkskomk, iof biy wkaa `k nir bcrk gotkaagekot tdio ycu. ]c wk okkf tc cpko up io ivkouk cn mcbbuogmitgco. Uk tdgol cn tdk FBV rkiagty is ioctdkr vg`ritgcoia strumturk, ioctdkr bcfk cn tdk wiy tdit tdgs mcosmgcusokss tkofs tc skan-mcbpakxgny iof skan-creiogzk, iof gt‗s just is rkia is tdgs cok kxmkpt ocrbiaay wk‗rk uoi`ak tc gotkrimt. Udko wk sbclk FBV, wk agtkriaay `kmcbk pirt cn tdk mcaakmtgvk rkiagty cn tdk bimdgok kavks. G tdgol wk mio pkrdips tdgol i`cut iagko i`fumtgco pdkocbkoi tcc. Jcdo Biml, tcwirf tdk kof cn dgs agnk,

976

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

bcvkf iwiy nrcb tdk gfki tdit tdksk iagkos wkrk kotkrgoe tdk `kfrccb pdysgmiaay iof rkbcvgoe pkcpak nrcb tdkgr `kf< dk tdcuedt tdky wkrk scbkdcw `rgoegoe tdksk pkcpak gotc tdkgr rkiagty. Xkrdips tdky irk usgoe tdgs bktdcf< pkrdips tdky irk nrcb i fgnnkrkot mcaakmtgvk rkiagty iof wkrk i`ak tc biogpuaitk ycur okuria strumturk, prc`i`ay oct usgoe FBV. Vdky prc`i`ay divk bcrk knngmgkot iof ripgf tkmdogquks tc fc tdit, `ut tdit mcuaf `k io kxpaioitgco. G‗vk rkmkotay `kmcbk qugtk gotkrkstkf go sgbuaitkf uogvkrsk tdkcry< tdk gfki tdit tdgs gs i sgbuaitgco `y io ifviomkf rimk cn scbk scrt, iof tdk FBV stitk scbktgbks egvks ycu tdk gbprkssgco tdit pkrdips tdky mrkitkf us. Vdky skkb kxtrkbkay gotkaagekot, iof ycu wcofkr pkrdips fgf tdky mrkitk us iof tdko kb`kf FBV is tdgs tkmdocacey sumd tdit wk mio immkss iof ekt tdk eibk3 Gt‗s aglk i eibk, i mcsbgm eibk, i mcsbgm jclk, go wdgmd tdk ecia cn tdk eibk gs tc wcrl cut tdit gt‗s i eibk. Iof tdgs gs fcok tdrcued FBV, wdgmd ycu bust fgsmcvkr. Vdky paimk gt go tdk kovgrcobkot, `ut gt, ycuuofkrstiof bust rkimdgt, tdkiof rkqugsgtk akvka cnkvkrywdkrk mceogtgvk scpdgstgmitgco tc gscaitk tdko wcrl wgtd gt. Xkrdips. G fco‗t locw. @ut tdk rkisco G wiot tc bkotgco tdgs gs tdk gfki tdit wk okkf tc stirt tdgolgoe i`cut FBV is i tkmdocacey, wditkvkr gts crgego‖wdktdkr gt‗s io kvcautgcoiry crgego cr scbktdgoe tdit dis `kko fkag`kritkay kb`kffkf. Ocw tdk usuia wiy tdit FBV gs goekstkf gs `y sbclgoe. @ut cn mcursk tdk prc`akb wgtd tdgs‖iof tdgs gs scbktdgoe imtuiaay tdit Pgml ]trissbio spclk i`cut ykstkrfiy‖gs tdit tdk knnkmts irk vkry sdcrt, tdky‗rk vkry `rgkn, sc `y tdk tgbk ycu `kego tc kvko tdgol i`cut crgkotgoe ycurskan go tdgs spimk ycu‗rk iarkify `kgoe frieekf `iml. Vdk rkisco ncr tdgs gs tdit wdko ycu ifbgogstkr FBV, wdktdkr `y sbclgoe gt cr `y G^, cr wditkvkr, gt naccfs tdk `rigo `ut tdko gt gs bkti`cagzkf iof kagbgoitkf ritdkr qugmlay, iof ycu swgtmd `iml tc tdk mcoskosus wcraf. Vdgs gs i `gt cn i prc`akb gn wk rkiaay wiot tc usk FBV is i tkmdocacey. ]cbk cn ycu wgaa siy, wkaa ycu sdcuaf frgol iyiduismi. @ut is Fkoogs \BmLkooiR sdcwkf go dgs tial co Vuksfiy, wdko ycu frgol iyi-

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco

wgtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots

97;

duismi, ncr i stirt tdk FBV akvkas okvkr rkimd tdk sibk lgof cn mcomkotritgcos is tdky fc wdko ycu gojkmt gt cr sbclk gt< gt biy `k tdit ycu okkf tc divk i bumd dgedkr akvka go tdk `rigo go crfkr tc mcbpaktkay nagml tdk mdiooka. Iasc cn mcursk wgtd iyiduismi gt‗s fgnngmuat tc mcotrca tdk fcsiek< gt‗s iasc isscmgitkf wgtd vcbgtgoe, iof sdgttgoe ycurskan, iof ctdkr uopakisiotrgks tdit G‗b tcaf irk vkry dub`agoe. @ut gn wk wiot tc trkit FBV is i tkmdocacey, wk rkiaay okkf tc usk cur tkmdocacegmia scpdgstgmitgco iof usk gt prcpkray. Ocw tdk prc`akb wgtd ctdkr psymdkfkagms gs tdit wgtd rkpkitkf fcsks, ycu ekt scbk fkerkk cn tcakriomk. Vdkrk irk fgnnkrkot typks cn tcakriomk iof fgnnkrkot bkmdiogsbs ncr tcakriomk. Ieigo, tdky‗rk oct gbpcrtiot< tdk gbpcrtiot pcgot gs tdit wgtd su`skqukot fcsks, tdk knnkmt fgbgogsdks. ]cbktdgoe tdit Pgml fgsmusskf ykstkrfiy iof fkbcostritkf go dgs stufgks go tdk ogoktgks gs tdit kvko wgtd rkpkitkf fcsks cn FBV, ycu ekt tdk sibk knnkmt kvkry tgbk. Vdgs gs rkbirli`ak, `ut tdgs bilks FBV tc mcotgoucus gotrivkocus gonusgco. mcotgoucus G^ ]c ibkoi`ak G ib sueekstgoe scbktdgoe miaakf tirekt-mcotrcaakf gonusgco is tdk wiy tdit wk mcuaf usk FBV is i tkmdocacey. Gn ycu ec ncr io cpkritgco iof tdk ioikstdktgst wiots tc lkkp ycu isakkp, wdit dk fckso‗t fc gs just gojkmt ycu wgtd tdk ioikstdktgm iof tdko ec dcbk. Dk wgaa cntko usk tdgs tdgoe miaakf tirekt-mcotrcaakf mcotgoucus G^ tdit ippagks i bitdkbitgmia bcfka, wdgmd ycu ekt nrcb pdirbimclgoktgm stufgks, sc tdit wdko tdk frue gs gojkmtkf gotc ycur `cfy gt tdko kqugag`ritks wgtd tdk virgcus rkegcos cn ycur `cfy. Go tdk misk cn ioikstdktgm, ycu irk cn mcursk gotkrkstkf go gts knnkmts co tdk `rigo. @y usgoe tdgs bitdkbitgmia bcfka ycu mio mcotrca tdk ifbgogstritgco cvkr acoe pkrgcfs cn tgbk, vkry mirknuaay, sc tdit ycu mio bigotigo i sti`ak `rigo mcomkotritgco. I slgaakf ioikstdksgcacegst mio lkkp ycu go i stitk cn ioikstdksgi. Dk mio `rgoe ycu cut cn gt sagedtay cr dk mio pusd ycu sagedtay fkkpkr furgoe mkrtigo prcmkfurks. Gbpcrtiotay, dk mio bigotigo i vkry sti`ak mcomkotritgco< ycu fco‗t wiot pkcpak wilgoe up wdko ycu‗vk ect tdkgr mdkst mut cpko, iof ycu fco‗t wiot tc egvk tdkb tcc bumd sumd tdit tdky stcp `rkitdgoe< ycu wiot tc bigotigo i sti`ak mcomkotritgco tdrcuedcut tdk

97>

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

cpkritgco. Uk mio usk tdgs vkry sibk tkmdocacey tdit wis fkvkacpkf ncr ioikstdktgms wgtd FBV. G wgaa justgny tdgs `y tialgoe i`cut tdk rkqugsgtk frue prcpkrtgks ncr tirekt-mcotrcaakf mcotgoucus gotrivkocus gonusgco. Vdk frue bust divk i ripgf coskt< gt bust divk i sdcrt furitgco cn imtgco, sc ycu fco‗t ekt i `ugaf-up cn imtgvk frue go tdk `rigo, wdgmd gs vkry fgnngmuat tc mcotrca. Gt bust divk i acw-tcakriomk prcngak, iof gt bust divk i sti`ak sgfk-knnkmt prcngak. FBV dis iaa cn tdksk prcpkrtgks, bilgoe FBV gs i pkrnkmtay eccf miofgfitk ncr tirekt-mcotrcaakf mcotgoucus G^ gonusgco. Udit tdgs bkios gs tdit ycu mio `rgoe scbkcok gotc tdk FBV stitk iof ycu bgedt egvk tdkb spkmgngm qukstgcos tc isl, ycu bgedt egvk tdkb kxpkrgbkots tc fc, iof ycu bgedt kvko skof i tkib cn tdkb iaa dcclkf up tc tdgs mcotgoucus G^ bimdgok< gostkif cn `kgoe frieekf `iml intkr i nkw bgoutks, tdky mio spkof tgbk go tdk FBV spimk. Go tdkcry tdky mio spkof dcurs, fiys, wkkls< ycu mcuaf kvko skof tdkb co i tdrkk-bcotd vimitgco tdk FBV wcraf!G tdgol wk okkf tc stirt usgoe FBV go G wgaatcwrip gt up tdkrk. tdk wiy tdit tdk FBV kotgtgks wcuaf wiot us tc. G tdgol tdky wiot us tc< tdky divk acts tc tkaa us gt skkbs, `ut wk‗vk sc nir `kko uoi`ak tc `rgoe `iml i act cn usknua fiti. I pirt cn tdgs gs `kmiusk wk divko‗t spkot kocued tgbk tdkrk `kmiusk cn tdk wiy tdit wk ifbgogstkr gt. Gn wk‗rk ecgoe tc akiro, gn wk‗rk ecgoe tc cpko up twc-wiy mcbbuogmitgco `ktwkko tdksk fgnnkrkot mcaakmtgvk rkiagtgks, gn wk mcuaf viagfitk tdk gfki oct coay tdit tdksk iatkroitk fgbkosgcos kxgst `ut tdit wk mio imtuiaay mcbbuogmitk wgtd tdkb, tdko tdksk wcuaf `k tdk erkitkst fgsmcvkrgks go tdk dgstcry cn biolgof. Vdiol ycu. FG]M[]]GCO CN

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco wgtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots

@

M

: Iofrkw, G‗b scbkwdit slkptgmia i`cut tdksk FBV

gotkaagekomks, `ut G‗vk `kko ritdkr wco cvkr `kmiusk tdkrk‗s sumd i strgl-

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco

wgtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots

975

goe sgbgairgty `ktwkko tdk scrt cn bcfka ycu‗vk mcbk up wgtd, wdgmd gs `iskf co okurc`gcacegmia ercuofs, iof i pgmturk tdit G `rgknay iaaufkf tc ykstkrfiy tdit mcbks nrcb pdysgms. ]c biy`k G sdcuaf just spkof i bgoutk mairgnygoe wdit G bkio i`cut tdit. I

: Xakisk.

E

M

: G kxpaigokf ykstkrfiy dcw go bcfkro pdysgms ycu‗vk ect tdksk kxtri fgbkosgcos, iof G sueekstkf tdit tdksk kxtri fgbkosgcos mcuaf go prgomgpak `k tdk irkoi cn bkotia kxpkrgkomk, tdk gfki `kgoe tdit tdk pdysgmia wcraf gs just i sagmk, i ncur-fgbkosgcoia spimk-tgbk sagmk, cn tdgs dgedkr fgbkosgcoia strumturk. G tdgol cn tdit is i dgedkr-fgbkosgcoia rkiagty strumturk. Go nimt gt‗s i scrt cn goncrbitgco spimk, iof G pkrscoiaay rkeirf tdit is i ritdkr `kiutgnua wiy cn ibiaeibitgoe bittkr iof bgof go i wiy tdit rkbcvks tdit irtgngmgia fgmdctcby tdit ycu rknkr tc. @ut tdk pcgot i`cut tdgs gs tdit tdgs dgedkr-fgbkosgcoia spimk gs i scrt

cn mcoskosuia rkiagty< sc cok tdgoe G wcuaf sagedtay fgsierkk wgtd go ycur fksmrgptgco gs rknkrrgoe tc tdgstdit wcraf \gofgmitks rccbR is tdk mcoskosuia rkiagty iof tdk FBV wcraf is scbktdgoe kask. G wcuaf siy go tdgs pgmturk tdit tdk FBV wcraf gs gtskan i mcoskosuia rkiagty, `ut gt‗s i fgnnkrkot skt cn c`skrvkrs wdc irk divgoe tdk mcoskosus. E M

: Wks, yks. : Ocw tdk ctdkr gotkrkstgoe ispkmt cn tdgs bcfka gs tdit gn ycu

isl dcw tdksk ctdkr fgbkosgcos irk biognkst, tdky imtuiaay mcrrkspcof tc ksskotgiaay fgnnkrkot akvkas cn tgbk iof fgnnkrkot kxpkrgkomks cn tgbk, wdgmd fcks knnkmtgvkay mcrrkspcof tc tdk gfki tdit ycu mio pkrmkgvk tdgs rkiagty strumturk go fgnnkrkot nrkqukomgks. ]c gt rkiaay vkry okitay tgks up wgtd tdgs gfki tdit biy`k tdk wiy tdk `rigo gs rkmkgvgoe cr immkssgoe tdgs ctdkr rkiagty gs tdrcued fgnnkrkot nrkqukomgks. Udgmd, G tdgol, gs wdit ycu wkrk sueekstgoe3 E M

: Wks, lgof cn, yks. : Vdkrk‗s sc bumd go ycur bcfka. G acvkf ycur gfki cn tdk locts,

974

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

`kmiusk tdit gfki mcrrkspcofs vkry bumd wgtd tdgs mcomkpt cn tdksk mcosmgcusokssks is tdk okxus cn mcookmtgcos go dgedkr-fgbkosgcoia spimk. Iof ycur `kiutgnua sgbuaitgco gs imtuiaay kximtay wdit dippkos‖sc G wis rkiaay kxmgtkf `y tdit iof kspkmgiaay sgomk go scbk skosk ycu‗rk prkskotgoe i wiy cn prc`goe tdgs kxpkrgkotgiaay. C`vgcusay ycur aist gfki i`cut divgoe kxtkofkf FBV trgps gs i erkit wiy cn tkstgoe tdksk scrts cn bcfkas. Vdiol ycu vkry bumd. ^

F

: Vdiol ycu ncr ycur gaaubgoitgoe tial, Iofrkw. I

mcupak cn wcrfs i`cut tcakriomk. G acvk tdk gfki cn tdk tirekt-mcotrcaakf G^ gonusgco, iof G tdgol tdit mcuaf `k i rkiaay ibizgoe tkmdocacey tc fkngogtgvkay kxpacrk tdksk rkiabs. Dcwkvkr, wgtd rkeirfs tc sbclgoe FBV, tdkrk gs imtuiaay i tcakriomk nimtcr. Gn i eccf eaiss pgpk cn FBV gs sbclkf tdit‗s sunngmgkot tc `rkil tdrcued nuaay gotc FBV spimk iof tdko ioctdkr gs sbclkf dian io dcur aitkr, gt‗s oct qugtk is strcoe. Vdkrk‗s i pkrgcf tdit ekokriaay aists i`cut io dcur wdko gt gs oct sc kisy tc ekt mcbpaktkay `iml go tdk zcok. E

: Vdgs gs gbpcrtiot, iof tdgs gs tdk lgof cn tdgoe tdit

okkfs tc `k acclkf it. Vdkrk irk fgnnkrkot lgofs cn tcakriomk, iof tdky bgedt kvko `k innkmtkf `y tdk bcfk cn ifbgogstritgco tdit ycu‗rk usgoe. Ncr iaa cn tdksk tdgoes, tdkrk gs scbk bgaf tcakriomk, i acw akvka cn tcakriomk tdit mio `k immcuotkf ncr go ycur G^ bcfka. @isgmiaay, go ycur pdirbimclgoktgm bcfka ycu mio immcuot ncr tdksk nimtcrs. Gt‗s oct i trgvgia tdgoe. Pgml \]trissbioR bkotgcokf tdgs stufy go Ekrbioy tdit uskf mcotgoucus G^< tdky fgf usk gt, `ut tdky dif i mcostiot strkib iof, is acoe is tdk pkrsco wis divgoe io knnkmt, tdky wkrko‗t bcfkagoe tdk akvka go tdk `rigo. ]c tdgs gs imtuiaay qugtk fgnngmuat iof oct i strigedtncrwirf tdgoe tc fc< ycu okkf rkiaay eccf pdirbimclgoktgm iof bkti`cagm fiti. F

: Ioctdkr tdgoe gs tdit egvko tdk nimt tdit ycu fco‗t divk

immkss tc i tirekt-mcotrcaakf G^ gonusgco ippiritus cr tdit pirtgmuair tkmdocacey, ycu bgedt aglk tc try tdrkk eribs cn Xkeioub dirbiai ncaacwkf `y sbclgoe i nuaa pgpk cn FBV . . .

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco

977

: Oc tdiols.

E F

wgtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots

: . . . iof gt wgaa kxtkof tdk kxpkrgkomk ncr i eccf dcur. I eccf

dcur, `ut gt‗s oct ncr tdk nigot cn dkirt . . . : G‗b oct vcauotkkrgoe.

E F E P

: . . . fkkpay prcncuof. : G wgaa fc tdk stufy, `ut G wco‗t pirtgmgpitk. M

-D

: Vdit wis nismgoitgoe tdrcuedcut, rkiaay,

iof G tccl mcpgcus octks. Cok tdgoe tdit G ncuof ippkiagoe‖iof ycu bkotgcokf ykstkrfiy, wdgmd G okkf tc tdgol bcrk i`cut‖gs tdgs gfki tdit dcw mcosmgcusokss gs gostiotgitkf go tdk `rigo pkrdips gso‗t sc mrgtgmia iof tdit tdkrk‗s i wiy cn uofkrstiofgoe tdk pdkocbkocacey dkrk wgtdcut `kgoe sc tgedtay `cuof tc tdk stufy cn `rigo imtgvgty. Vdgs gfki cn divgoe wkilkr `cuofs `ktwkko systkbs cn tdk bgof, akt‗s siy, ritdkr tdio systkbs cn tdk `rigo‖systkbs tdit wk isscmgitk wgtd mcostrumts aglk tdk kec iof tdk pdkocbkoi cn cur uomcosmgcus bgof‖iof tdit tdcsk `cuofs irk wkilkr sumd tdit tdkrk gs kisgkr mrcsstial `ktwkko tdcsk systkbs. ]c G ncuof tdit rkiaay ippkiagoe. Iasc, mcotgoucus gonusgco gs scbktdgoe tdit wk‗rk acclgoe tc fc it Gbpkrgia wgtd `rigo gbiegoe. Iof imtuiaay tdk tcakriomk gfki gs gotkrkstgoe `kmiusk A]F iof psgacmy`go typgmiaay aist acoekr, iof G wcofkr wdktdkr gt‗s tc fc wgtd tdk tgbk it wdgmd i bcakmuak gs stgbuaitgoe tdk rkmkptcr tdit fktkrbgoks tcakriomk. Cok tdgoe, tdk tdgoe tdit G wiotkf tc qukstgcobyrkiaay, nrcb tdk ‑erkykr‒ cn `kgoe tdk i strgmt‖go bgofmcbgoe it akist‖smgkotgst, wis tdkpkrspkmtgvk gfki tdit scbkdcw FBV stitk gs skpiritk nrcb i psymdkfkagm stitk iof tdit gt‗s io iagko wcraf tdit kxgsts scbkdcw. G fco‗t locw, G wis ekttgoe i skosk tdit \ycu wkrk siygoeR gt wis iabcst skpiritk nrcb tdk `rigo cr it akist fkpkofiot co scbk lgof cn kofcekocus rkakisk cn FBV. Vdit just nkat tc bk i `gt cn i akip, iof G wis ecgoe tc sueekst io iatkroitgvk, ycu mcuaf siy i `crgoe, pkrdips bcrk acegmia, pkrdips akss niotistgmia gfki tdit tdk

088

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

biognkstitgco cn tdksk kxpkrgkomks imtuiaay irgsks nrcb tdk gotrgosgm `rigo imtgvgty gtskan . . . E

: G‗b ecgoe tc pgml ycu up tdkrk< tdit gs kximtay wdit G

fc siy, tdit tdk FBV rkiagty gs tdk rksuat cn gotrgosgm imtgvgty cn tdk `rigo, iof tdk pcgot G bifk gs tdit iaa wcrafs tdit ippkir tc mcosmgcusokss rksuat nrcb imtgvgty. Vdk tdit tdk qukstgco gs oct wdktdkr tdk gotrgosgm wcrafs‖gomaufgoe tdk pcgot FBVgswcraf‖irk `ugat nrcb gotrgosgm imtgvgty, wdgmd tdky irk. Vdk qukstgco gs: Gs gt bcfuaitkf `y tdgs kxtkroia fiti scurmk3 ]c iaa wcrafs tdit ippkir tc mcosmgcusokss irk bcfuaitkf iof prcfumkf nrcb tdgs gotrgosgm imtgvgty. Gt‗s iaa go tdk dkif, iawiys, `ut tdk fgnnkrkomk `ktwkko wdktdkr gt‗s rkia cr oct, G eukss, gs bcrk tc fc wgtd wdktdkr gt‗s `kgoe bcfuaitkf `y kxtkroia scurmks . . . M

-D

: Mio G nist ncrwirf tc ioctdkr qukstgco‖wdktdkr

tdkrk‗s ioy kvgfkomk ncr gt3 E

: \XiusksR Biy`k scbkcok mio egvk ycu ;8 bgaageribs go

tdk `rigo, tdko mcbk `iml tc bk. M

-D

: Wkstkrfiy scbk`cfy wis tialgoe i`cut wdit

tdksk kotgtgks biy divk tiuedt us, iof G sigf, pkrdips sagedtay oiuedtgay, divk tdky tcaf us ioytdgoe3 E

: Wks G locw, G locw, iof tdgs gs wdy G‗b sueekstgoe wk

okkf tc ec go tdkrk ncr acoekr pkrgcfs cn tgbk, iof wk mio kxpacrk. Is Fkoogs \BmLkooiR sigf, tdky bust `k kxpacrkf go tdk usuia wiy. G eukss tdgs gs tdk usuia wiy tdit wk bgedt fc gt. M -D : Vdit `crgoe iatkroitgvk tdit G wiotkf tc sueekst wis tdit tdk `rigo bcfkas tdk wcraf, iof tdkrk‗s i lgof cn mdgmlko iof kee rkaitgcosdgp< gt‗s ncrbkf `y tdk wcraf, iof gt iasc mcostrumts tdk wcraf go tkrbs cn cur kxpkrgkomk. @ut wdit dippkos go tdk psymdkfkagm stitk gs tdit tdkrk‗s i lgof cn ioirmdy go tdk systkb, tdkrk‗s i `rkilfcwo cn `cuofs iof skpiritgcos, iof tdkrk‗s i mcaaipsk cn tdk ocrbia dgkrirmdgmia strumturk cn tdk `rigo. Ncr kxibpak acwkr-akvka systkbs tdit

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco

wgtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots

089

irk ocrbiaay godg`gtkf mio divk i lgof cn gbpktucsgty tc tdkb, go tdit tdky mio `k ioirmdgm go tdk wiy tdit tdky imtgvitk. ]c tdkrk gs i lgof cn gbpktucus gonkrkomk rkiaay, iof bcfkas irk miaakf up. Maissgm bcfkas irk gmcogm stiofirfs ncr mkrtigo gbieks, ncr kxibpak tdk `rigo tdgols gn kotgtgks kxgst, tdko tdky wcuaf aglkay divk nimks< gt bilks acegmia skosk tc bk tdit tdk bgof, tdk `rigo, wgaa miaa up tdcsk bcfkas. Gt‗s acegmia tdit tdit wcuaf dippko. : G eukss tdk qukstgco gs wdit irk tdksk bcfkas cn rkia-

E

gty3 G‗b oct surk. Vdk rkisco wk‗rk iaa gotkrkstkf go FBV gs `kmiusk gt skkbs gbpcssg`ak, iof ykt tdk FBV wcraf gs uofkogi`ak< gt miooct `k fkogkf comk ycu‗vk `kko tdkrk. Iof sc G wcuaf fgsputk tdit wk mio siy, ‑wkaa gt‗s sgbpay tdksk bcfkas tdit irk cvkrtilgoe tdk `rigo,‒ go wdit ycu miaa tdgs ioirmdgm stitk. G tdgol wk mio kxpaigo dcw tdk wcraf `kmcbks ocvka iof n augf iof uoprkfgmti`ak, iof ycu bgedt divk gaausgcos, iof diaaumgoitgcos, cr wditkvkr< `ut tc jubp nrcb tdit iof siy tdk `rigo stirts `ugafgoe tdksk dgeday mcdkrkot mrystiaagok wcrafs tdit irk pcpuaitkf `y istcogsdgoeay gotkaagekot `gzirrk iagkos, G tdgol tdit‗s fgnngmuat tc kxpaigo. Iof ieigo, ycu okkf tc sbclk scbk FBV, fufk. \Iufgkomk aiuedtkr.R M

-D

: G tdgol gt‗s i bumd bcrk niotistgmia akip‖G tdgol

tdit‗s tdk pcgot‖iof G wcuaf miaa gt imtuiaay i wgsdnua akip. : Cliy, yks.

E F

A

: Uk‗rk ecgoe tc divk tc ec wgtd tdk aist mcupak cn

qukstgcos. X

B

: Mio ycu ec `iml tc tdk gssuk cn piriaaka kvcautgco cn

ogedt iof fiy3 Dcw nir `iml go cur iomkstry fc ycu tdgol tdit tdgs piriaaka okurckvcautgco cmmurrkf3 Gs gt prkdubio3 E

: G wcuaf siy ‑G fco‗t locw‒ gs tdk ioswkr. G‗b oct io

080

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

kvcautgcoiry `gcacegst< pkrdips Pupkrt wgaa egvk i `kttkr ioswkr tc tdit. G wcuaf sueekst tdit wk‗rk tialgoe bcrk tdio ;8,888 ykirs iec, `ut G fco‗t locw. : It wdgmd tgbk dubios divk iarkify kvcavkf. @ut tdgs bgedt

B

imtuiaay divk cmmurrkf wiy `iml `kncrk dubios. E

: Cn mcursk gt mcuaf divk kvcavkf wiy `iml `kncrk, `ut rkiaay G tdgol tdk `kttkr qukstgco gs wdko fgf wk acsk tdk nuomtgco ritdkr tdio wdko fgf wk fkvkacp tdk nuomtgco3 K

N

: ]c ycu sigf tdit tdk goncrbitgco rkimdks coay tdrcued

tdk skoscry creios, iof wk irk rkscoitgoe wgtd tdk FBV kotgtgks. Udit gs rkscoitgoe3 Iof wdgmd gs mcbgoe tdrcued tdk skoscry creios3 E

: Udit fc ycu bkio, wdit gs rkscoitgoe‖tdk rkmkgvkr cr

tdk fiti scurmk3 N

: Wcu `crrcw tdk tkrb nrcb pdysgms, iof tdky siy ncr vg`ri-

tgco tdkrk gs iawiys i bkfgub . . . E

: Vdk bkfgub gs tdk strumturk. Pkbkb`kr tdit G spclk

i`cut tdk `rigo iof tdk strumturk cn tdk `rigo, bkiogoe tdit gt vg`ritks go i mkrtigo wiy tdit miusks gt tc rkscoitk wgtd skoscry fiti nrcb tdk mcoskosus wcraf. @ut tdko G bcvkf tc tdk su`jkmtgvk bcfka wdkrk G spclk i`cut dcw gt wis tdk strumturk cn mcosmgcusokss tdit wis vg`ritgoe iof wis rkscoitgoe wgtd ipprcprgitkay rkscoiot vg`ritgcoia strumturks wgtdgo surrcuofgoe mcosmgcusokss. N E

: ]c ycu try tc pdysgmiagzk mcosmgcusokss. : Ukaa G fco‗t try pdysgmiagzgoe gt . . .

N

: Wcu fkoctk gt is i bkfgub, i pdysgmia bkfgub tdit vg`ritks.

E

: Vdk nuofibkotia pdysgmia bkfgub‖G tdgol tdit‗s rki-

scoi`ak tc sueekst. G tdgol gt‗s uorkiscoi`ak tc sueekst tdit mcosmgcusokss fckso‗t divk strumturk. Cn mcursk mcosmgcusokss dis strumturk.

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco

wgtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots

08=

Udit G‗b sueekstgoe gs tdit mcosmgcusokss dis prcpkrtgks tdit miusk gt tc skan-creiogzk iof skan-mcbpakxgny. : Wcu bgedt is wkaa siy tdkrk‗s i erkko ioeka tdit rkscoitks

N

`ktwkko us \aiuedsR, `ktwkko ycu iof bk. A

: G‗b inrigf wk rkiaay divk tc wrip tdgs up, sc G‗b ecgoe tc piss

tdk aist qukstgco tc Krgl. K

F

: Vc suppcrt Pc`go‗s iatkroitgvk bcfka, G wcuaf siy tdit

go ycur tial go ekokria ycu fgfo‗t mrkfgt frkibs kocued. Vdk frkibs mio `k kxtricrfgoiry. Vdk frkibs mio `k vg`riot, tkmdocacegmia, vkry nist, iof nuaa cn `kgoes. Makiray go ycur bcfka, wdko wk‗rk sdut cnn nrcb ioy lgof cn kxtkroia fiti, tdk `rigo dis tdk mipimgty tc prcfumk kxtricrfgoiry stitks. Oct tdk sibk pkrdips, oct is vgvgf iof wgtd i fgnnkrkot quiagty cn prkskomk, `ut wgtd io kxtricrfgoiry mdirimtkr. Vdkrk irk bioy frkibkrs wdc divk kxtricrfgoiry frkibs tdit aist ncr dcurs iof govcavk buatgpak fgbkosgcos, tkmdocacegks, iof gomrkfg`ay rgmd pittkros tdit irk erkitay vgvgf. G‗vk dif i nkw FBV-gospgrkf frkibs tdit `isgmiaay rkpagmitkf tdk FBV stitk go tdk frkib. ]c, tdit dippkokf intkr G dif `kko gotrcfumkf tc FBV, `ut gt fcks sdcw tdit i frkibgoe `rigo gs mipi`ak cn bcfkagoe kxtricrfgoiry stitks. E

: G ierkk. G bkio tdk rkisco G spclk `rgknay i`cut tdk

frkib stitk wis rkiaay just tc bilk tdk pcgot tdit tdk `rigo gs mipi`ak cn `ugafgoe tdk mcoskosus wcraf kvko tdcued gt fckso‗t divk ioy fiti iof tdit furgoe wilgoe tdk coay tdgoe tdit‗s fgnnkrkot rkiaay nrcb i frkib cn tdk mcoskosus wcraf gs tdit fiti gs sibpagoe iof mcostrigogoe tdk wilgoe frkib. F

: Cl sc G tdgol ycu divk tc fc bcrk wcrl tc sdcw dcw tdk ocv-

katy cr tdk quiagtgks cn tdk FBV stitk irk fgnnkrkot kocued tdit wk miooct kxpaigo tdkb go tdk sibk wiy wk mio kxpaigo go ycur bcfka dcw vgvgf iof ocvka frkibs mio `k . . . E

: Wks G ierkk, `ut G wis agbgtkf `y tgbk.

086

F

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

: G uofkrstiof, `ut G tdgol gt‗s i rkia gssuk, `kmiusk wdy mio‗t wk

stgaa govclk gotkroia `rigo bkmdiogsbs cn bcfkagoe3 Ioctdkr wiy cn tdgolgoe i`cut gt gs tdit ycu mcuaf gbiegok‖iof tdgs gs i spkmuaitgco‖ tdit wdit FBV gs i`ak tc fc gs ekt fcwo tc tdk koegoks cn bcfkagoe. G wco‗t ec gotc i frkib G dif `ut, comk G wis go i frkib wcraf iof G `rclk tdrcued tdk surnimk cn tdk frkib iof G ect tc tdk scrt cn ‑frkib bimdgok‒ tdit wis `kdgof gt, iof tdk frkib bimdgok tdit wis `kdgof tdk frkib wis aglk tdk FBV stitk. Vc tilk tdit iwiy nrcb tdk bktipdcrgm wcraf cn tdk frkib, pkrdips tdk mipimgty tdit tdk bgof dis tc `ugaf wcrafs‖gt dis agttak cpkritcrs, agttak ekokritcrs tdit prcfumk tdrkk-fgbkosgcoia c`jkmts‖gt‗s aglk ycu ekt fcwo tc tdk ogtty ergtty iof gt just ercws gotkoskay. Ocw G‗b oct siygoe tdit tdit‗s bcrk truk tdio ycur prcpcsia, `ut G fgfo‗t nkka aglk ycu kirokf tdk ‑wk mio akivk tdk gotkroia-`rigo frkib prcfumtgco, akt‗s tial i`cut io kxtkroia rkiagty‒ sgbpay `kmiusk gt dis tdk mdirimtkr tdit cn `kgoe rkiakrgotdio rkia‖`kmiusk cn mcursk i bkmdiogsb wk divk tdk `rigo. Gt‗s gbpcssg`ak tc tdit‗s ioswkriasc tdgs ocw, `ut G just wiotkf tc siy G vkry bumd ipprkmgitkf tdk iufimgty iof nismgoitgco cn ycur prkskotitgco, `ut tdit wis cok pirt wdkrk G wis oct `rcuedt cut cn tdk ‑erky‒ wcraf. : Cliy. Vdiol ycu.

E A

: Uk‗rk ecgoe tc divk tc wrip gt up tdkrk, sc tdiol ycu vkry bumd,

Iofrkw.

MDIXVKP 4

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry P [XKPV ]DKAFPILK

G tdgol gt‗s i vkry gotkrkstgoe tgbk wk irk go it tdk bcbkot, `kmiusk tdkrk‗s i lgof cn triosgtgco cn wcrafvgkw tdit‗s ecgoe co tdit gs `kgoe pirtay frgvko tdrcued psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomk. ]c tdgs gs rkiaay muttgoe kfek, iof just ocw go Iofrkw \Eiaagbcrk‗sR tial wk nist ncrwirfkf nrcb `rigo-mkotkrkf bitkrgiagsb, wdgmd coay aistkf i`cut tko bgoutks, iof tdko wk wkrk gotc qugtk ctdkr rkiabs. ]c pirt cn wdit wk irk go, go tdgs rccb it tdk bcbkot, gs i lgof cn kbuasgco cn fgnnkrkot wcrafvgkws. @ut G tdgol tdk triosgtgco tdit‗s dippkogoe it tdk bcbkot gs i bcvk nrcb bitkrgiagsb tdit dis fcbgoitkf smgkomk ncr bcrk tdio i duofrkf ykirs‖tdk fcmtrgok tdit iaa rkiagty gs bitkrgia iof tdit mcosmgcusokss gs octdgoe `ut i prcfumt cn bitkrgia imtgvgtgks go `rigos‖tc i vgkw tdit gomaufks i rkfgsmcvkry cn tdk gfki cn i agvgoe wcraf, i agvgoe creiogm kvcavgoe mcsbcs, go wdgmd mcosmgcusokss gs `ctd nuofibkotia tc tdk wdcak mcsbcs iof rknakmtkf go bioy ispkmts cn oiturk. G tdgol tdit wk‗rk bcvgoe `kycof cur mkrk`rcmkotrgm vgkw cn mcosmgcusokss tdit trgks tc tgk gt just tc `rigos iof go scbk kxtrkbk misks just 08;

08>

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

tc cur `rigos< bcrk ag`kria bitkrgiagsts kxtkof gt tc tdk `rigos cn ctdkr iogbias `ut rkeirf tdk rkst cn tdk uogvkrsk is uomcosmgcus. G byskan tdgol tdit tdkrk‗s i lgof cn piopsymdgst ispkmt tc oiturk. It iaa akvkas cn oiturk tdkrk‗s i lgof cn bgof, psymdk, cr scbk akvka cn mcosmgcusokss, kvko go kakmtrcos< tdit wcrafvgkw ekts gotkrkstgoe wdko ycu ekt tc `ge tdgoes aglk tdk suo, stirs, iof eiaixgks‖G tdgol tdky‗rk mcosmgcus tcc. ]c G tdgol wk agvk go i wcraf nuaa cn mcosmgcusokss, iof G tdgol tdit tdk `isgs cn kvkrytdgoe tdit dippkos gs tdk ercuof-akvka cn `kgoe, tdk Xrgbcrfgia Bgof, is Xktkr \BkykrR bkotgcokf ykstkrfiy. G tdgol wk‗rk go tdk prkskomk cn i erkitkr mcosmgcusokss iaa tdk tgbk. Udit G‗b ecgoe tc fc tc stirt gs tial i`cut bcrpdgm rkscoiomk, `kmiusk tdgs gs cok wiy cn acclgoe it tdgoes fgnnkrkotay. Gt‗s pirt cn tdk sdgnt nrcb tdk bitkrgiagst vgkw tc i bcrk creiogm vgkw cn oiturk. Bcrpdgm rkscoiomk gs `isgmiaay tdk gfki tdit tdkrk‗s i bkbcry godkrkot go oiturk iof tdit tdk sc-miaakf aiws cn oiturk irk bcrk aglk di`gts. Iaa spkmgks divk mcaakmtgvk wdkrk kimd friws upco tdk mcaakmtgvk bkbcry iofbkbcrgks, go turo mcotrg`utks tcgofgvgfuia gt. Vdk `isgm gfki cn bcrpdgm rkscoiomk gs tdit sgbgair skan-creiogzgoe pittkros cn imtgvgty rkscoitk wgtd prkvgcus sgbgair pittkros cn imtgvgty, imrcss spimk iof tgbk. Ocw gn ycu siy, ‑wdit‗s tdk bkmdiogsb3‒, tdko by ioswkr gs, G fco‗t locw. Vdkrk‗s i virgkty cn dypctdksks is tc dcw tdgs mcuaf dippko‖buatgfgbkosgcoia rkiagtgks, gbpagmitk crfkr, kxtkosgcos cn quiotub tdkcry‖`ut ioywiy tdk pcstuaitk, tdk dypctdksgs, gs tdgs gs dcw oiturk wcrls. Udko G ngrst tdcuedt cn tdgs gfki G wis i fco \prcnksscrR it Mib`rgfek, iof wdko G fgsmusskf gt wgtd by mcaakieuks co dged ti`ak \tdk ncrbia fgookr ti`ak ncr imifkbgmsR iof go tdk `gcmdkbgstry fkpirtbkot tki rccb, G fgfo‗t ngof i vkry wirb rkmkptgco tc tdgs gfki< go nimt bcst pkcpak mcuafo‗t uofkrstiof wdit G wis trygoe tc siy. G tdko tccl up i jc` wcrlgoe is io iergmuaturia smgkotgst go Gofgi, iof G ncuof io kximtay cppcsgtk rkspcosk. Udko G bkotgcokf tdgs gfki tc by mcaakieuks tdkrk, bcst cn tdkb, tdk Dgofu coks kspkmgiaay, sigf, ‑Cd tdkrk gs octdgoe okw go tdgs gfki, iomgkot rgsdgs divk sigf tdgs tdcusiofs cn ykirs

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

085

iec.‒ Go Dgofu iof go @uffdgst pdgacscpdy tdk gfki tdit tdkrk‗s i lgof cn bkbcry go oiturk gs tctiaay bigostrkib, locwo tc vgrtuiaay kvkry`cfy. G‗f bkkt riofcb pkcpak co trigos‖iof go Gofgi tdky iaa aglk tc gotkrimt co tdksk acoe trigo jcurokys‖tdky isl ycu ngrst ycur oibk, tdko wdkrk irk ycu nrcb, iof tdko dcw bioy mdgafrko ycu divk, tdko wdit ycur siairy gs \aiuedtkrR. Iof intkr tdky‗vk fcok tdk `isgm qukstgcos tdko tdky siy, ‑Udit gs ycur vgkw cn tdk uogvkrsk3‒ ]c, ycu ekt gotc tdksk mcovkrsitgcos, iof G dif bioy< sc G tdcuedt cliy wkaa G‗aa `rgoe go bcrpdgm rkscoiomk, iof iabcst kvkrycok dif tdgs rkimtgco: ‑cd wdit‗s sc okw i`cut tdgs . . .‒ Gt‗s gotkrkstgoe ycu skk, tdit scbktdgoe sc sdcmlgoe go tdk Ukst gs sc ocrbia go tdk Kist, iof G ncuof gt rkiaay komcuriegoe tdit skkbgoeay siok pkcpak tdcuedt tdgs wiy iof dif fcok sc ncr i acoe tgbk. G wrctk by ngrst `ccl wdko G wis agvgoe go Gofgi. Ioywiy, tdk gfki gs tksti`ak iof akifs tc i act cn pcssg`ak kxpkrgbkotia tksts, scbk cn wdgmd divk iarkify `kko fcok. Gt ippagks tcsiys mrystias wkaamrystiaagzk is agvgoe creiogsbs tc bcakmuaks. Vdk dypctdksgs tdit gnisycu scbktdgoeiof ncr tdk ngrst tgbk, tdit gn i mrystia‗s okvkr `kko bifk `kncrk, gt wcuaf `k dirf tc mrystiaagzk, tc wigt ncr i okw ncrb tc mcbk gotc `kgoe go oiturk< `ut, okxt tgbk ycu fc gt gt‗aa ekt kisgkr, iof tdk tdgrf, ncurtd, iof ngntd tgbks ekt kisgkr iof kisgkr `kmiusk cn bcrpdgm rkscoiomk nrcb prkvgcus mrystias. Gn ycu trigo rits tc akiro i okw trgml go cok paimk, tdko rits iaa cvkr tdk wcraf sdcuaf `k i`ak tc akiro tdk sibk tdgoe qugmlkr, `kmiusk tdk rits divk akirokf gt scbkwdkrk kask go tdk wcraf. ]c tdkrk‗s i lgof cn bkbcry go oiturk. Vdkrk‗s `kko qugtk i nkw tksts, iof tdky‗rk subbirgzkf go tdk okw kfgtgco cn by `ccl I Okw ]mgkomk cn Agnk, tdgrf kfgtgco \0887R. G‗b oct ecgoe tc ec gotc tdk kbpgrgmia kvgfkomk ocw, G‗b just ecgoe tc siy tdit gt‗s i dypctdksgs. G sdcuaf iasc siy, `kmiusk gt‗s oct c`vgcus, tdit gt‗s i mcotrcvkrsgia dypctdksgs. G‗aa kxpacrk scbk ispkmts cn gt iof sdcw dcw tdky bgedt rkaitk tc psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomk. Ngrst cn iaa, bcrpdgm rkscoiomk akifs tc i okw vgkw cn godkrgtiomk. I act cn tdk ncrb iof gostgomts cn iogbias iof tdk ncrbs cn paiots irk

084

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

godkrgtkf `y bcrpdgm rkscoiomk‖oct `y ekoks‖iof sc G‗vk `kko siygoe ncr ykirs iof ykirs tdit ekoks irk ercssay cvkrritkf. G tdgol wdit tdky fc gs wdit wk locw tdky fc: tdky mcfk ncr tdk skqukomk cn ibgoc imgfs iof prctkgos, `ut tdky fco‗t mcfk ncr tdk sdipk cn ycur nimk, cr ncr io crmdgf nacwkr, cr ncr tdk wk`-spgoogoe gostgomts cn i spgfkr. Vdcsk lgofs cn tdgoes irk godkrgtkf `y bcrpdgm rkscoiomk oct nrcb ekoks. Vdk mcomkpt cn tdk ekoktgm prcerib gs io ittkbpt tc kxpaigo dcw ekoks mcuaf akif tc tdk godkrgtiomk cn tdgoes aglk tdgs, `ut gt‗s i bktipdcr iof gt‗s oct i vkry eccf bktipdcr. Ekoks fco‗t fc bcst cn tdk tdgoes tdky‗rk suppcskf tc fc, iof tdgs dis ocw `kmcbk wgfkay rkmceogzkf. Go tdk aist tdrkk cr ncur ykirs wgtdgo `gcacey tdkrk dis `kko i mrgsgs, wdgmd ecks uofkr tdk oibk ‑tdk bgssgoe dkrgti`gagty prc`akb.‒ @y skqukomgoe tkos cn tdcusiofs cn ekocbks cn fgnnkrkot pkcpak, ittkbpts tc gfkotgny ekoks ncr dkgedt, miomkr prcokokss, iof acts cn ctdkr mdirimtkrgstgms divk `kko kxtricrfgoirgay uosummkssnua. Vdky akif tc i prkfgmtgvk ekoks‖locwgoe i erkit; fkia i`cutiof ekoks ioycok‗sviauk kvkr cn locwo `kncrk‖cn i`cut tc 98bcrk pkrmkot, tdgs tdio gs ncr mdirimtkrgstgms tdit irk locwo tc `k 48 pkrmkot dkrgti`ak. ]c tdk eip `ktwkko tdk ; pkrmkot tdk ekoks kxpaigo iof tdk 48 pkrmkot tdit‗s godkrgtkf‖tdk 5; pkrmkot tdit‗s bgssgoe‖gs miaakf tdk bgssgoe dkrgti`gagty prc`akb. G tdgol tdit‗s `kmiusk ekoks just mio‗t iof fco‗t fc iaa tdk tdgoes tdit pkcpak uskf tc tdgol tdky fgf. Vdgs gs ocw vkry bumd io gssuk wgtdgo `gcacey< tdk caf ekoktgm bcfka gs mcbgoe uorivkakf iof tdk kvcautgcoiry bcfka `iskf co skangsd ekoks iof riofcb butitgco, tdk okcFirwgogio bcfka, gs iasc mcbgoe uorivkakf `kmiusk cn tdk rkmceogtgco cn kpgekoktgms.* Vdk `geekst ti`cc cn twkotgktd mkotury `gcacey gs ocw bigostrkib. Gt‗s `kko rk`riofkf, iof tdgs go turo dis tdrcwo kvcautgcoiry tdkcry gotc turbcga `kmiusk gn creiogsbs mio godkrgt tdgoes tdkgr pirkots akirokf cr ncrbs tdit tdky ifiptkf cr imqugrkf go just i sgoeak ekokritgco, tdko okc-Firwgogsb skkbs dgeday goifkquitk< is i lgof cn *Kpgekoktgms gs tdk godkrgtiomk cn imqugrkf mdirimtkrgstgms.

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

087

mrkitgvgty ecks `iml gotc agvgoe creiogsbs, gt‗s oct just riofcb mdiomk. Vdksk irk iaa gssuks tdit jcuroias aglk Oiturk irk nuaa cn it tdk bcbkot. Vdkrk wis i `ge fk`itk go tdk aist twc cr tdrkk bcotds co tdk okkf ncr io kxtkofkf kvcautgcoiry syotdksgs tdit ecks `kycof okc-Firwgogsb. ]c, G tdgol bcrpdgm rkscoiomk uofkragks tdk godkrgtiomk cn ncrb iof cn gostgomts iof iasc koi`aks tdgoes tdit divk `kko akirokf tc sprkif wgtdgo pcpuaitgcos bumd bcrk qugmlay tdio tdky wcuaf ocrbiaay sprkif. @kmiusk gt fkpkofs co sgbgairgty ycu‗f kxpkmt gt tc dippko bcst `ktwkko creiogsbs tdit irk tdk bcst sgbgair, aglk gfkotgmia twgos< gofkkf tdkrk fc skkb tc `k bioy sgbgairgtgks `ktwkko gfkotgmia twgos, kvko tdcsk wdc wkrk skpiritkf scco intkr `grtd. Vdksk irk ocrbiaay tilko tc siy, ‑wkaa gt‗s iaa go tdk ekoks,‒ `ut imtuiaay G tdgol tdk kvgfkomk gs bumd `kttkr kxpaigokf `y rkscoiomk `ktwkko tdk twgos. Vdk `gt tdit `kmcbks qugtk rkakviot tc cur mcomkros dkrk gs wdko wk tdgol i`cut wdc‗s tdk bcst sgbgair cr vkry sgbgair tc ycu go tdk pist, iof tdk ioswkr gs ycu. sgbgairspkmgngm tc curskavks go tdk pist tdio tc ioycok kask, iof tditUk‗rk bkiosbcrk tdk bcst rkscoiomk wcrlgoe co us nrcb tdk pist gs nrcb cur cwo pist. Go ctdkr wcrfs G‗b sueekstgoe cur bkbcrgks biy oct `k stcrkf go cur `rigos `ut ritdkr fkpkof co bcrpdgm rkscoiomk. Vdk `rigo gs aglk i tuogoe fkvgmk, i rkmkgvkr, `ut gt‗s bcrk aglk i V^ skt tdio i vgfkc rkmcrfkr. ]c G tdgol bkbcrgks fkpkof co `rigo imtgvgty. Udko bkbcrgks irk `kgoe aigf fcwo, ycu mio imtuiaay bkisurk imtgvgty go tdk `rigo, go tdk dgppcmibpus iof ctdkr rkegcos, iof wdko tdky‗rk `kgoe rktrgkvkf ycu mio iasc bkisurk imtgvgty go tdk `rigo. @ut G tdgol tdit go `ktwkko tdky‗rk oct stcrkf gosgfk tdk `rigo, G tdgol tdk `rigo gs i lgof cn rkscoitgoe systkb tdit mio tuok gotc tdkb. Ittkbpts tc acmitk acoe-tkrb bkbcry trimks divk `kko rkbirli`ay uosummkssnua, iof G tdgol tdit‗s `kmiusk tdky‗rk oct tdkrk. @ut, tdgs gs i pirifgeb ycu skk, i bcfka cn rkiagty wgtdgo okurcsmgkomk. Gt‗s just tilko ncr eriotkf tdky bust `k go tdk `rigo `kmiusk wdkrk kask mcuaf tdky `k3 Ocw is scco wk tdgol aglk tdgs wk rkmceogzk tdit tdk mcaakmtgvk bkbcry gs iasc io gbpcrtiot pirt cn cur kxpkrgkomk. Juoe put ncrwirf tdk gfki cn tdk mcaakmtgvk uomcosmgcus iof mcaakmtgvk bkbcry, `ut

098

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

gt fgfo‗t ngt wgtd mcotkbpcriry ekoktgm tdkcrgks it tdk tgbk, iof sc gt wiso‗t tilko vkry skrgcusay. @ut gt gs i mcomkpt tdit wcuaf divk tc `k govkotkf gn gt fgfo‗t iarkify kxgst. G tdgol wk iaa tuok go tc i lgof cn mcaakmtgvk bkbcry. Vdgs `kmcbks rkakviot gn wk tdgol i`cut wdit‗s ecgoe co wgtd fgnnkrkot lgofs cn psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomk. Gn ycu tilk i su`stiomk aglk busdrccbs, cr FBV, cr iyiduismi, tdgs dis pdysgcacegmia knnkmts co tdk `rigo: mkrtigo mdioeks go `rigo imtgvgty, fgnnkrkomks go tdk bkb`rioks, iof iaa lgofs cn bcakmuair bkmdiogsbs divk `kko wcrlkf cut. Vdcsk dippko go i sgbgair wiy go fgnnkrkot pkcpaks‗ `rigos, sc gn G tilk i su`stiomk, by `rigo‗s put gotc i spkmgia stitk tdit‗s isscmgitkf wgtd divgoe tdit su`stiomk, iof by kxpkrgkomk wgaa govcavk tuogoe go tc pkcpak wdc‗vk tilko tdit su`stiomk `kncrk. Kimd cn tdksk frues wgaa divk gts cwo lgof cn mcaakmtgvk bkbcry, i pcca cn kxpkrgkomk nrcb tdcsk wdc‗vk tilko gt `kncrk. Iof go tdk misk wdkrk frues divk `kko tilko go sdibiogm tdk wdcak tdit kxpkrgkomk wgaa `k dkivgay mdirekfmuaturks, wgtd tdktdko kakbkots nrcbngkaf tditcn muaturk. Vdkrk wis i vkry gotkrkstgoe stufy `y Maiufgc Oiriojc tdit scbk cn ycu irk prc`i`ay nibgagir wgtd, wdkrk dk eivk iyiduismi tc pkcpak agvgoe go ur`io skttgoes go ]cutd Ibkrgmi. Vdksk wkrk bgffak-maiss pkcpak wdc lokw octdgoe i`cut trg`ia muaturks, iof tdky stirtkf divgoe vgsgcos nuaa cn jieuirs iof iaa scrts cn ctdkr kakbkots tdit mcbk nrcb tdk muaturks go wdgmd tdksk su`stiomks dif `kko uskf psymdkfkagmiaay. Gt acclkf is gn pkcpak wkrk tippgoe gotc i lgof cn bkbcry. Ukaa tdkrk irk twc dypctdksks: cok, ycu mcuaf siy tdksk bcakmuaks imtgvitk mkaas go tdk `rigo tdit prcfumk jieuir gbiekry tdrcued scbk lgof cn bcakmuair bkmdiogsb‖wdgmd fckso‗t scuof vkry aglkay‖cr twc, tdit ycu‗rk tippgoe gotc i lgof cn mcaakmtgvk bkbcry. G fgsmusskf tdgs wgtd ]isdi ]duaego iof Vkrkomk BmLkooi it i eitdkrgoe cn i`cut tdgs sgzk it Ksiako \MiagncrogiR. Vdkrk wkrk twc cr tdrkk eitdkrgoes tdit Jgaa \XurmkR iof G wkot tc it Ksiako go tdk 9748s, miaakf IP[XI mconkrkomks. IP[XI gs tdk Isscmgitgco ncr tdk Pkspcosg`ak [sk cn Xsymdcimtgvk Iekots. G aglk tc tdgol cn kxpkrgbkots, sc G trgkf tc

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

099

mrkitk i wiy tc tkst tdk mcaakmtgvk bkbcry psymdkfkagm tdkcry. G okkfkf scbkcok wdc mrkitkf okw frues< ]duaego fgf tdit iaa tdk tgbk, dk wis tdk uatgbitk fksgeokr cn fksgeokr frues. G islkf dgb wdit gt wis aglk wdko dk ngrst tccl i frue tdit dk‗f syotdksgzkf tdit oc cok dif kvkr tilko `kncrk. Iof dk sigf tdit dk iawiys tccl gt dgbskan ngrst, iof tdko gn gt wiso‗t tcxgm iof sc co, dk wcuaf divk i tistgoe pioka cn i`cut twkavk pkcpak tilk tdksk frues iof tdko tdky‗f mcbpirk octks iof i mcoskosus kbkrekf i`cut wdit tdk frue fgf. Oc cok lokw `kncrk i mcoskosus kbkrekf. Vdko is bcrk pkcpak tccl gt, tdgs mcoskosus erkw. Gt skkbkf tc bk tdit cok mcuaf mdioek tdk mcoskosus rkiagty `y divgoe tdk frue tilko uofkr pirtgmuair mcofgtgcos< sc ycu‗f divk, ncr kxibpak, sgx pcssg`ak skttgoes go wdgmd gt mcuaf `k fcok‖Jipioksk tdkbkf, psymdkfkagm irt tdkbkf, cutfccr Koeagsd eirfko tdkbkf, ktmktkri‖iof ncr iaa tdk ngrst pkcpak wdc tccl tdk frue, ycu‗f pgml it riofcb cok cn tdksk skttgoes. Wcu‗f tdrcw tdk fgk tc fktkrbgok wdktdkr gt wis Jipioksk cr Koeagsd tdk ngrstsiy fczko cr twceirfko. cn pkcpak wdc tccl gt wcuaf tilk gteirfko, wgtdgo tdko tdit skttgoe, io Koeagsd Vdko ycu‗f divk pkcpak nrcb ctdkr paimks go tdk wcraf tilk gt, iof gn kvkrycok stirtkf ekttgoe Koeagsd-eirfko gbiekry, tdko gt wcuaf ritdkr mcongrb tdk bcrpdgm rkscoiomk tdkcry. Ioywiy, oc cok‗s imtuiaay fcok tdgs kxpkrgbkot, `ut gt‗s go prgomgpak pcssg`ak tc tkst gt. Bcrpdgm rkscoiomk iasc bkios tdit wk mio skk rgtuias go i okw wiy. Iaa rkaitgcos, iaa scmgia ercups, divk rgtuias. Pgtuias vkry cntko rkkoimt tdk prgbia stcry cn tdit ercup. Ncr kxibpak, Jkwgsd pkcpak divk Xisscvkr kvkry ykir, wdgmd rk-koimts tdk crgegoia Xisscvkr fgookr go Keypt is tdky aknt tc ec tdrcued tdk wgafkrokss tc tdk prcbgskf aiof, iof tdk Mdrgstgio Dcay Mcbbuogco, gtskan i Xisscvkr bkia, rk-koimts tdk aist suppkr cn Jksus wgtd dgs fgsmgpaks. Vdk Ibkrgmio Vdiolsegvgoe fgookr rk-koimts tdk ngrst tdiolsegvgoe cn tdk skttakrs go tdk Okw Ucraf iof sc co. Iaa rgtuias tkof tc `k mcoskrvitgvk, iof pkcpak nkka tdit tdky divk tc fc tdkb tdk rgedt wiy `y usgoe tdk rgedt aioeuiek, bilgoe tdk rgedt nccf, iof mrkitgoe tdk rgedt sb kaas. Bioy agturegmia ai oeuieks irk d geday

090

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

mcoskrvitgvk tcc< tdk Mcptgm Mdurmd go Keypt stgaa usks tdk coay survgvgoe ncrbs cn tdk iomgkot Keyptgio aioeuiek go gts agturey. Vdk Pussgio mdurmd gs go caf ]aivgm< go tdk Koeagsd mdurmd bioy pkcpak prknkr tdk Kagzi`ktdio ncrb cn aioeuiek tc tdk bcfkro cok. ]c tdkrk‗s tdgs mcoskrvitgvk kakbkot tc rgtuias. G tdgol cok rkisco ncr tdgs gs tdit gn tdgoes irk fcok go is sgbgair i wiy is pcssg`ak tc tdk wiy tdky wkrk fcok `kncrk, tdko tdkrk‗s i rkscoiomk `ktwkko tdcsk wdc irk fcgoe gt ocw iof tdcsk wdc‗f fcok gt `kncrk, i prkskomk cn tdk pist, i mcookmtgco wgtd tdcsk wdc‗f ecok `kncrk. Vdit‗s wdit bcst pkcpak fcgoe rgtuias tdgol tdky‗rk fcgoe< tdky tdgol tdky‗rk rkmcookmtgoe wgtd tdcsk wdc fgf gt go tdk ngrst paimk iof iaa tdcsk wdc‗vk fcok gt sgomk cvkr tdk ekokritgcos. Gt‗s i mcookmtgco imrcss tgbk. Go trg`ia muaturks tdgs mcookmtgco imrcss tgbk gs tilko ncr eriotkf is i lky pirt cn tdk wdcak muaturk. Go cur wcraf, wdgmd gs ritdkr bcrk idgstcrgmia, bcst pkcpak tdgol tdit scmgkty gs just tdk agvgoe, `ut iabcst iaa trifgtgcoia vgkws cn scmgkty gomaufk tdk iomkstcrs istrifgtgco wkaa is tdk iofuptdrcued wdcak go fksmkofiots, wdgmd wk ercw iof agvk.rgtuias wk‗rk agolkf tc tdk G tdgol tdit scbk lgofs cn rgtuias iof rgtks cn pissiek irk cn erkit gotkrkst dkrk, `kmiusk G tdgol scbk rgtks cn pissiek govcavk fygoe iof `kgoe rk`cro. ]cbk cn tdkb fc gt syb`cagmiaay< G tdgol scbk fc gt agtkriaay. Okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomk gs scbktdgoe tdit dis `kko qugtk wgfkay stufgkf go tdk bcfkro wcraf, pirtay `kmiusk tdkrk irk bcrk tdio kvkr `kncrk< nir bcrk pkcpak ekt rksusmgtitkf tdio tdky kvkr fgf go tdk pist, sc tdkrk‗s bcrk cppcrtuogty tc c`skrvk okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomks. Okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomks govcavk i virgkty cn kvkots. Oct kvkrycok dis tdkb, `ut tdcsk wdc fc cntko ngof tdkbskavks nacitgoe i`cvk tdkgr `cfy iof ecgoe tdrcued i tuooka gotc i rkiab cn agedt wdkrk tdky bkkt `kgoes, iomkstcrs, cr ctdkr kotgtgks. Vdgs lgof cn okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomk‖wdgmd bkios pkcpak siy tdky‗vk fgkf iof tdky‗vk `kko `cro ieigo, tdky‗vk ecok `kycof fkitd, iof tdky‗rk oc acoekr inrigf cn fkitd‖mdioeks pkcpak‗s agvks. G tdgol go bioy trifgtgcos tdksk divk imtuiaay `kko gofumkf fkag`kritkay. Go tdk Mdrgstgio trifgtgco, G tdgol tdgs gs wdit dippkos tdrcued `iptgsb. G tdgol Jcdo tdk @iptgst dkaf tdcsk `kgoe `iptgzkf uofkr tdk

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

09=

witkr just acoe kocued< go tdk spimk cn twc cr tdrkk bgoutks ycu mcuaf dcaf scbkcok uofkr just acoe kocued tc gofumk fkitd `y frcwogoe‖ tdkgr agnk wcuaf naisd `kncrk tdkb, tdky mcuaf akivk tdkgr `cfy, iof tdky‗f skk tdkbskavks nrcb cutsgfk. Vdky‗f mcbk `iml, iof wdko tdky wkrk rkvgvkf co tdk `iol cn tdk Jcrfio tdky‗f siy tdky‗f fgkf iof `kko `cro ieigo iof tdit tdkgr agnk wis triosncrbkf< tdit‗s kximtay wdit tdky sigf, iof G tdgol tdit‗s kximtay wdit wis dippkogoe. Vdkrk‗s oc rkisco tc suppcsk tdgs wis just syb`cagm. Udy fc gt syb`cagmiaay wdko ycu mio imtuiaay fc gt agtkriaay3 Cn mcursk Jcdo tdk @iptgst dif tdk `ge ifviotiek cn cpkritgoe go tdk fiys `kncrk agtgeitgco. \Iufgkomk aiuedtkr.R I

@

: Pupkrt, oct sc, dk kofkf up wgtd dgs dkif co i

paitk . . . ]

: Vdit‗s truk, dk mibk tc i stgmly kof, `ut tdit wiso‗t

`kmiusk cn agi`gagty agtgeitgco. Udko ifuat `iptgsb wis rkvgvkf `y tdk Ioi`iptgsts go tdk sgxtkkotd iof skvkotkkotd mkotury, tdky rkgostitkf `iptgsb `y tctia gbbkrsgco, iof cn mcursk gt‗s tdk @iptgsts, pirtgmuairay go Ibkrgmi tdk scutdkro @iptgsts, wdc ec co bcst i`cut fygoe iof `kgoe `cro ieigo‖`cro-ieigo Mdrgstgios. Vdky imtuiaay scuedt cut `iptgsb `y tctia gbbkrsgco. Ocw, Ibkrgmi gs cn mcursk nuaa cn agtgeitgco, sc prc`i`ay oct bioy cn tdkb fc gt ncr vkry acoe, `ut G byskan tdgol tdit go tdk sgxtkkotd iof skvkotkkotd mkotury tdky prc`i`ay fgf gt skrgcusay, iof tdit tdgs wis i rkia kxpkrgkomk ncr pkcpak. Ocw cn mcursk okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomk gs `y`iml fkngogtgco cok nrcb wdgmd pkcpak divko‗ti imtuiaay fgkf, tdky‗vk mcbk ieigo. Vdkrk dis `kko i act cn stufgks co okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomks tdit sdcw `rigos naitagogoe furgoe tdk imtuia kxpkrgkomk, sc gt‗s dirf tc siy, ‑Ukaa iaa cn tdgs kxpkrgkomk gs mcrrkaitkf wgtd tdgs lgof cn `rigo imtgvgty.‒ Vdky‗rk naitagokf `kmiusk tdky bkisurk tdk KKE go mirfgcacey cpkritgcos iof sdcw tdit tdkrk‗s imtuiaay oc `rigo imtgvgty bkisuri`ak tdrcued tdk KKE. Vdksk kxpkrgkomks irk `kgoe bumd stufgkf, iof G tdgol tdky‗rk

096

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

rkaitkf tc rgtuias. Bioy pkcpak wdc‗vk tilko FBV nkka tdit tdky‗vk dif i okir-fkitd typk kxpkrgkomk. Vdk ngrst tgbk G tccl gt, G byskan dif tdgs kxpkrgkomk tdit govcavkf `rkilgoe tdrcued i tuooka gotc ioctdkr rkiab cn agedt, iof G fgfo‗t komcuotkr iaa tdksk `kgoes wk‗vk `kko dkirgoe i`cut, `ut G fgf komcuotkr i nkkagoe cn `kgoe go i stitk cn tctia `agss, go wdit skkbkf tc bk aglk fgvgok mcosmgcusokss. Vdgs okir-fkitdaglk quiagty cn tdgs kxpkrgkomk wis sc strglgoe tc bk tdit G ect vkry gotkrkstkf go fgsmussgoe tdit ispkmt cn gt. G fc tdgol go nimt tdit cok cn tdk tdgoes tdit gs dippkogoe go scbk cn tdksk FBV kxpkrgkomks gs scbktdgoe vkry aglk i okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomk, iof gt biy `k tdit `y bcrpdgm rkscoiomk wk‗rk imtuiaay tuogoe gotc pkcpak wdc divk dif okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomks. Okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomks, is G siy, usuiaay govcavk komcuotkrgoe ctdkr `kgoes. Xkcpak divk tdk nkkagoe tdky‗rk `kgoe wkamcbkf `y pkcpak co tdk ctdkr sgfk. ]c tdit fckso‗t kxpaigo tdk kxpkrgkomk gtskan, `ut gt fcks kxpaigo dcw mkrtigo kakbkots cn gt mcuaf rkscoitk trgps. wgtd tdkb tdrcued i lgof cn mcaakmtgvk bkbcry go tdksk FBV G wiot tc turo ocw tc tdk qukstgco cn survgvia cn `cfgay fkitd, `kmiusk tdgs gs scbktdgoe tdit‗s iasc rkakviot tc gotkrprktgoe tdksk kxpkrgkomks, iof ioy fgsmussgco cn survgvia cn `cfgay fkitd dis tc fkia wgtd tdk qukstgco cn bkbcry. Iaa tdkcrgks cn survgvia rkqugrk tdk survgvia cn bkbcry. Vdkcrgks cn rkgomiroitgco rkqugrk di`gts cr fgspcsgtgcos, go scbk misks kxpagmgt bkbcrgks, tc `k mirrgkf cvkr nrcb cok agnk tc ioctdkr. [suiaay go tdk misks tdit Gio ]tkvkosco stufgkf gt wis mdgafrko wdc rkbkb`krkf prkvgcus agvks, govcavgoe qugtk i act cn kxpagmgt bkbcry. @kagkvkrs go rkgomiroitgco siy, ‑Ukaa, usuiaay wk fco‗t rkbkb`kr tdk fktigas, gt‗s just tdk di`gts cr fgspcsgtgcos tdit irk mirrgkf nrcb agnk tc agnk.‒ Okvkrtdkakss tdkrk dis tc `k scbk lgof cn triosnkr cn bkbcry, ctdkrwgsk tdk mcomkpt cn rkgomiroitgco `kmcbks bkiogoeakss, `kmiusk gt‗s oct tdk pdysgmia pkrsco tdit‗s rkgomiroitkf, gt‗s tdk bgof wgtd tdk bkbcrgks. Vdk trifgtgcoia Ukstkro tdkcry, go tdk Mitdcagm trifgtgco, gs cn pureitcry wdkrk intkr ycu fgk tdkrk‗s i mcotgoukf pkrgcf cn fkvkacpbkot.

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

09;

Wcu stgaa ec co rcueday aglk ycu fc go tdgs agnk tc stirt wgtd, `ut ycu mio mcotgouk tc fkvkacp uotga ycu‗rk rkify tc ec `kycof tdk bcrk agbgtkf stitk gotc i stitk cn nusgco wgtd fgvgok mcosmgcusokss, cr `agss. ]c tdkrk‗s io coecgoe fkvkacpbkot, `ut tdit ieigo rkqugrks bkbcry. Kxtrkbk Xrctkstiot tdkcrgks cn survgvia‖wdgmd siy ycu ec tc sakkp wdko ycu fgk, ycu‗rk wclko up `y i trubpkt ncr tdk aist jufekbkot, iof ycu ippkir `kncrk ycur bilkr tc `k jufekf‖rkqugrk bkbcry tcc, `kmiusk gn ycu ippkir `kncrk ycur bilkr iof ycu‗vk ncrecttko wdc ycu irk iof wdit ycu‗vk fcok, tdko gt wcuafo‗t `k i vkry bkiogoenua kxpkrgkomk. Udko G wis io itdkgst, G uskf tc aglk tdk gfki cn bkbcrgks `kgoe stcrkf go tdk `rigo `kmiusk gt wis sc kisy tc mconcuof `kagkvkrs. Wcu‗f siy tc tdkb, ‑Fc ycu tdgol ycu survgvk `cfgay fkitd3‒ Iof tdky‗f siy, ‑Wks,‒ iof ycu siy, ‑Fc ycu tdgol ycu‗f divk scbk lgof cn bkbcry3‒ Vdky‗f siy, ‑Wks.‒ ‑]c wdit fc ycu tdgol dippkos tc ycur `rigo wdko ycu fgk3‒, iof tdky‗f siy, ‑Ukaa, gt `rkils fcwo.‒ ‑]c wdkrk irk ycur bkbcrgks stcrkf3‒ Iof tdky‗f siy, ‑Ukaa, go tdk `rigo.‒ ]c tdky wkrk gostiotay n acuofkrgoe. @ut tdk tdgoe gs, gt fcks fkpkof co tdk issubptgco tdit bkbcrgks irk go tdk `rigo. Gn bkbcrgks irk oct gosgfk tdk `rigo, tdko tdky‗rk oct okmkssirgay fkstrcykf `y fkitd. Uk biy ocrbiaay okkf cur `rigo tc tuok gotc cur bkbcrgks, `ut gn tdk bkbcrgks irk oct stcrkf go tdk `rigo tdko gt‗s pcssg`ak ncr bkbcrgks tc survgvk tdk fkitd cn tdk `cfy, iof tdgs cpkos tdk wiy tc i virgkty cn tdkcrgks cn survgvia. Vdk mcovkotgcoia tdkcry, tdk bitkrgiagst tdkcry, macsks tdk fccr co iaa mcomkgvi`ak rkagegcus tdkcrgks cn survgvia, just saibs tdk fccr macskf co tdk `isgs cn fcebitgm issubptgco. Gn bkbcrgks irk oct go tdk `rigo, is G tdgol tdky‗rk oct, tdko gt akivks tdk fccr cpko ncr iaa scrts cn pcssg`ak ncrbs cn survgvia tc `k mcosgfkrkf. By cwo vgkw gs tdit wdko wk fgk, intkr i lgof cn okir-fkitd typk kxpkrgkomk, wk kotkr i lgof cn frkibaglk stitk. @isgmiaay G tdgol wdko wk fgk wk mio ec co frkibgoe, `ut wk mio oc acoekr wilk up, `kmiusk wk divko‗t ect i pdysgmia `cfy tc wilk up go. Uk‗rk trippkf go i lgof cn frkib rkiab. Ocw, iaa cn us divk frkib `cfgks. Kvkry ogedt wdko

09>

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

ycu frkib ycu divk i `cfy go ycur frkibs tdit gs fgnnkrkot nrcb ycur pdysgmia `cfy: ycu mio bcvk ircuof go gt, ycu mio tial tc pkcpak, ycu mio bkkt ctdkr pkcpak, ycu komcuotkr `kgoes go ycur frkibs, iof iogbias. Iof tdky‗vk ect `cfgks tcc. Wcu‗rk oct okmkssirgay acclgoe fcwo tc mdkml tdit ycur `cfy‗s tdkrk go ycur frkib, `ut ycu divk i mkotkr cn mcosmgcusokss tdit bcvks ircuof. Bcst cn tdk tgbk G‗b oct mdkmlgoe tdit by `cfy‗s dkrk< G just tilk gt ncr eriotkf is i mkotkr cn mcosmgcusokss. Vdit‗s wdit wk divk go cur frkibs. G tdgol tdit gn wdko wk survgvk wk ec gotc i lgof cn frkib stitk, tdko tdgs gs mcbpaktkay fkbcmritgm `kmiusk gt iaacws kvkrycok tc divk kximtay wdit tdky kxpkmt. Gn ycu‗rk i sugmgfk `cb`kr iof ycu tdgol ycu‗aa kof up go io cisgs wgtd iabcof-kykf fiomgoe egras skrvgoe ycu fitks, ycu biy wkaa ekt tdit ncr i wdgak. Gn ycu‗rk io itdkgst iof ycu tdgol kvkrytdgoe ecks `aiol, tdit‗s pkrdips wdit‗aa dippko. Iof wdit dippkos tc ycu fkpkofs co ycur kxpkmtitgcos, ycur `kagkns, ycur kxpkrgkomks, ycur ycu dcpks, sc ncrtd. ycugopriy iofcnbkfgtitk wdko iagvk‖iof mioiof ec co fcgoe Gn tdit i lgof frkibaglk stitkycu‗rk intkr fkitd‖tdko tdkrk‗s i pcssg`gagty cn spgrgtuia fkvkacpbkot iof ag`kritgco nrcb tdgs frkibaglk wcraf. Vdgs gs ksskotgiaay i vkrsgco cn pureitcry tdkcry tdit G‗b puttgoe ncrwirf. ]c go cur frkibs, go cur frkib wcraf wdko wk‗rk iagvk, wk divk i frkib `cfy. Uk komcuotkr ctdkr `kgoes, iof scbk cn tdcsk `kgoes tdit wk komcuotkr irk fkif pkcpak. G scbktgbks bkkt pkcpak go by frkibs G locw divk fgkf. Irk tdky just ngebkots cn by gbiegoitgco, cr gs tdkrk i frkib wcraf go wdgmd iaa frkibkrs divk scbk ercuofs cn cvkraip3 ]cbk pkcpak agvgoe go macsk mcbbuogtgks sdirk frkibs. ]cbk cn cur frkibs biy `k dgeday gofgvgfuiagstgm cr gfgcsyomritgm< ctdkr kakbkots biy `k sdirkf, iof tdkrk biy `k rkia cppcrtuogtgks tc bkkt ctdkr `kgoes, gomaufgoe pkcpak wdc irk fkif, go cur frkibs. Go tdk Caf Vkstibkot tdkrk irk bioy stcrgks cn vgsgcos cn ioekas iof `kgoes go frkibs tdit irk tilko vkry skrgcusay `y tdk prcpdkts. Vdgs gs cok cn tdk tdgoes tdit Pgml ]trissbio dis wrgttko i`cut go dgs rkmkot `ccl co FBV iof tdk spgrgt cn prcpdkmy. ]c dkrk wk divk i rkiab cn `kgoes, tdk fkmkiskf, wdgmd

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

095

mcuaf gomaufk frkibaglk `cfgks cr pkcpak go frkibaglk stitks, gotkrimtgoe wgtd ctdkr fkmkiskf pkcpak go fkrkibaglk stitks. Udktdkr cr oct tdgs rkiab gomaufks sgbgair frkibaglk `cfgks cn iogbias tdit divk fgkf G fco‗t locw. G fco‗t skk wdy oct< bioy iogbias frkib tcc iof prc`i`ay bust divk frkib `cfgks. Udko i fce gs frkibgoe cn ruoogoe iacoe, ycu mio skk nrcb gts akes twgtmdgoe tdit gt‗s frkibgoe iof prksubi`ay frkibgoe i`cut mdisgoe i ri``gt cr i `iaa cr scbktdgoe. Gt dis i frkib `cfy< biy`k tdkrk irk mcuotakss frkib `cfgks cn iogbias go tdgs rkiab is wkaa. Vdko tdkrk‗s i wdcak rkiab cn `kgoes. Bcst trifgtgcos divk ifbgttkf spgrgt `kgoes cn virgcus lgofs< go tdk Ukstkro trifgtgco tdky‗rk ioekas. Vdk stufy cn ioekas, cr ioekacacey, gs oct scbktdgoe tdit‗s bumd tilko up tcfiy, iof ycu mio‗t ekt fkerkks go ioekacacey nrcb bcst uogvkrsgtgks. G `kmibk vkry gotkrkstkf go tdgs i oub`kr cn ykirs iec wgtd i tdkcacegio nrgkof Bittdkw Ncx, iof wk fkmgfkf tc govkstgeitk tdk trifgtgcoia Ukstkro ioekacacey. rkifmkotury tdk `ccls co bcol tdk su`jkmt `y Fgcoysgus tdk Irkcpiegtk, wdc gsUk i sgxtd ]yrgio wdc wis bumd gonaukomkf `y tdk okc-Xaitcogm trifgtgco, cn wdgmd Xktkr \BkykrR tcaf us scbktdgoe ykstkrfiy. Iasc, wk rkif Dgafkeirfk cn @goeko, i bkfgkvia vgsgcoiry i``kss go Ekrbioy wdc siw ioekas, iof ]t. Vdcbis Iqugois, tdk erkit syotdktgm bgof cn tdk Bgffak Ieks wdc go dgs ]ubbi Vdkcacegi dis io kotgrk twc `ccls co ioekas, Fk Ioekags. Uk rkif iaa tdksk tkxts, bifk io iotdcacey cn tdk bcst gotkrkstgoe pissieks, iof tdko dif i fgiaceuk co kimd pissiek. Vdit‗s iaa prgotkf go cur `ccl Vdk Xdysgms cn Ioekas. Vdk rkisco gt‗s miaakf Vdk Xdysgms cn Ioekas gs `kmiusk wdko G wis rkifgoe Iqugois, G wis vkry struml `y dgs fksmrgptgco cn tdksk `kgoes. Iqugois dif io kxtricrfgoirgay makir bgof, iof wdko dk‗s fgsmussgoe dcw ioekas imt, dk sigf: ‑Uk locw tdkb tdrcued tdkgr imtgcos, wdko io ioeka imts scbkwdkrk, gt imts go i paimk `kmiusk tdky divk tc `k acmitkf tc imt go tdk pdysgmia wcraf. Iof gn gt mio imt go cok paimk, tdky mio bcvk nrcb cok paimk tc ioctdkr.‒ ]c, dk dis io kotgrk skmtgco wdkrk dk fgsmussks tdk bcvkbkot cn ioekas. Iof go tdk bcvkbkot cn

094

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

ioekas, dk siys tdk ioeka bust imt wgtd gts wdcak `kgoe wdko gt imts. Go ctdkr wcrfs tdky‗rk quiotgzkf: kimd ioeka gs i quiotub cn ioekagm imtgco, iof ycu mio‗t divk dian io ioeka imtgoe< ycu divk tdk wdcak ioeka imtgoe. Iof wdko tdky bcvk nrcb cok paimk tc ioctdkr, nrcb tdk pcgot cn vgkw cn io kxtkroia c`skrvkr tgbk wcuaf kaipsk, `kmiusk tdk ioeka gs bcvgoe, iof gt mi o‗t bcvk it gong ogtk spkkf. Nrcb tdk pcgot cn vgkw cn tdk ioeka gtskan, dcwkvkr, oc tgbk kaipsks wdko gt bcvks nrcb cok paimk tc ioctdkr. Gt‗s kximtay wdit Kgostkgo tdcuedt i`cut pdctcos: dk sigf nrcb tdk pdctco‗s pcgot cn vgkw oc tgbk kaipsks, `ut nrcb cur kxtkroia pcgot cn vgkw kgedt bgoutks kaipsks ncr gt tc ekt nrcb tdk suo tc tdk Kirtd. Ioywiy, G wis vkry gotrgeukf `y tdk piriaakas `ktwkko ioekas iof pdctcos go Iqugois< tdit wis dcw wk mibk up wgtd tdk tgtak Vdk Xdysgms cn Ioekas . Ioekas irk mkotria iof bigostrkib go Jufigsb, Mdrgstgiogty, iof Gsaib. Go Gofgi tdky divk tdk fkvis, cr erkit rkiabs cn `kgoes, iof tdk filgogs Vg`ktios divk . Iabcst iaa trifgtgcos divk tdk gfki i`ak `kgoes. Vdkgr oiturk gs c`smurk‖cn mcursk tdky‗rk octcn is gooubkrfkpgmtkf go stigokf-eaiss wgofcws, eccf acclgoe iof sagedtay kpgmkok dubios wgtd mcacrkf wgoes‖iof ocwdkrk go Iqugois cr Dgafkeirfk fcks ioy fksmrgptgco cn ioekas accl rkbctkay aglk wdit bcst pkcpak tcfiy wcuaf fksmrg`k tdkb is. Vdky wkrk gmcoceripdgmiaay pgmturkf aglk tdky ippkir go ]ubkrgi, wdkrk tdky dif w goekf `kgoes. G o Iomgkot Erkkmk, tdky dif wgoekf `kgoes syb`cagzgoe tdk pcwkr tc bcvk nrcb cok paimk tc ioctdkr wgtd nrkkfcb‖G tdgol tdgs gs ritdkr aglk go frkibs. Gn ycu divk i aumgf frkib ycu mio bcvk nrcb cok paimk tc ioctdkr is gn ycu‗rk naygoe. ]c tdkrk gs tdgs wdcak rkiab cn `kgoes go tdgs trifgtgco cn ioekas‖ iof ycu biy tdgol tdgs gs oct vkry rkakviot tc bcfkro `gcacey, `ut gt‗s murgcusay rkakviot go cok wiy tdit‗s oct cntko ipprkmgitkf. Uk locw tdit Ianrkf Pusskaa Uiaaimk mcgovkotkf kvcautgcoiry tdkcry wgtd Mdiraks Firwgo< `ctd cn tdkb mibk up wgtd tdk gfki cn kvcautgco `y oituria skakmtgco. Uiaaimk wis cok cn tdk erkit pgcokkrs cn kvcautgcoiry tdkcry, `ut wk dkir i erkit fkia bcrk i`cut Firwgo‗s eaccby vgkws

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

097

i`cut kvcautgco `kgoe purpcskakss iof sc co, iof wk dkir bumd akss i`cut Uiaaimk‗s vgkws co kvcautgco. Go dgs aist `ccl Vdk Ucraf cn Agnk pu`agsdkf go 9799, Uiaaimk puts ncrtd tdk gfki tdit tdk goocvitgco iof mrkitgvgty go kvcautgco mio‗t pcssg`ay `k kxpaigokf `y just `agof spcotiokcus virgitgco wgtd oc mrkitgvgty cr gotkaagekomk. Dk tdcuedt tdit tdk kvcautgco cn tdk fgnnkrkot akvkas cn `kgoes‖mkaas, tgssuks, creios, iof tdk bioy fgnnkrkot lgofs cn paiots iof iogbias‖wis eugfkf `y gotkaagekot spgrgts, wdgmd dk mcosgfkrkf tc `k ioekas. ]c Uiaaimk‗s tdkcry cn kvcautgco gs tdit gt‗s eugfkf `y ioekas. Gt‗s gotkrkstgoe tdit dk tdcuedt tdit tdkrk wkrk tdksk `kgoes. Go agedt cn cur fgsmussgcos dkrk, gt just cmmurrkf tc bk ykstkrfiy tdit Uiaaimk spkot ykirs go tdk Ibizco, iof dgs ngrst stufgks wkrk trivkagoe go rkbctk pirts cn tdk Ibizco is io kxpacrkr. Dk tdko wkot tc tdk Futmd Kist Gofgks, tc Nacrks, iof tc virgcus pirts cn wdit‗s ocw Gofcoksgi. @ut furgoe dgs ncrbitgvk ykirs, wdko Firwgo wis ecgoe ircuof co Vdk @kieak iof justykirs fgppkf gotc ]cutd Ibkrgmi nrcbcntdk Uiaaimk wis spkofgoe gbbkrskf go kxpacritgcos tdksdgp, Ibizco. Fgf Uiaaimk tilk iyiduismi3 gs tdk qukstgco tdit sprioe tc by bgof< dgs gfki cn tdksk `kgoes eugfgoe kvcautgco wcuaf tilk co i mcbpaktkay fgnnkrkot mcbpakxgco gn dk dif. Dk wis mkrtigoay io kxpacrkr< Vkrrkomk BmLkooi rkeirfkf dgb is dgs rcak bcfka ncr kxpacrgoe wgtd i pgtd dkabkt, go tdk usuia wiy, `ut Uiaaimk biy divk `kko bcrk cn i rcak bcfka tdio kvko Vkrrkomk tdcuedt. Vdkrk‗s i ngkaf tdit G byskan ib vkry gotkrkstkf go, wdgmd G ngof dirfay ioycok kask gs gotkrkstkf go cutsgfk tdk oirrcw prcnkssgcoia ercup, oibkay tdkcacey. ]titk-cn-tdk-irt tdkcacey tcfiy gs kxtrkbkay gotkrkstgoe, iof G tdgol gt gs cok cn tdk bcrk nismgoitgoe irkis cn mcosmgcusokss stufgks. Caf-styak tdkcacey nrcb tdk skvkotkkotd mkotury cowirf trgkf tc ifipt tc tdk bkmdiogstgm wcrafvgkw. Vdky sigf, cliy tdk wcraf‗s i bimdgok, Ecf‗s io koegokkr wdc bifk tdk bimdgok< ycu‗vk ect tdk gfki cn Ecf is io gotkaagekot fksgeokr, fksgeogoe tdk bimdgokry cn oiturk iof tdko gotkrvkogoe, suspkofgoe tdk aiws cn oiturk tc gotkrvkok go tdk wcrlgoe cn oiturk. Vdgs gs i vgkw cn Ecf tdit itdkgsts fco‗t `kagkvk go,

008

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

iof G fco‗t `kagkvk go kgtdkr. G‗b oct io itdkgst, `ut G tdgol gt‗s i mcbpaktkay gomrkfg`ak vgkw cn Ecf. Udit‗s `kko ecgoe co go tdkcacey go tdk aist twkoty ykirs gs i rkfgsmcvkry cn prk-skvkotkkotd mkotury Mdrgstgio tdkcacey, wdgmd wis bumd gonaukomkf `y tdcuedt nrcb ctdkr pirts cn tdk wcraf iof gs ercuofkf go vgkws cn mcosmgcusokss tdit irk vkry wkaa subbirgzkf go i rkmkot `ccl. Vdk stitk-cn-tdk-irt `ccl co bcfkro tdkcacey gs miaakf Vdk Kxpkrgkomk cn Ecf: @kgoe, Mcosmgcusokss, @agss `y Fivgf @kotaky Dirt, wdc gs io Ibkrgmio tdkcacegio iof Erkkl Crtdcfcx `y nigtd. Udit dk sdcws gs tdit trifgtgcoia vgkws cn fgvgok mcosmgcusokss divk nir bcrk go mcbbco ibcoe trifgtgcos tdio wdit skpiritks tdkb, iof tdkrk irk vkry erkit sgbgairgtgks `ktwkko Dgofu vgkws, Mdrgstgio vgkws, ]ung vgkws, iof vgkws go ctdkr trifgtgcos is wkaa. Vdk su`tgtak cn dgs `ccl, @kgoe, Mcosmgcusokss, @agss, rknakmts tdk Dgofu bcfka cn uatgbitk rkiagty, ]it Mdgt Ioiofi, tc wdgmd Iofrkw \@gatcoR rknkrrkf. trifgtgcoia vgkwnrcb gs tdit tdk iaa uatgbitk ercuof cn `kgoe nrcb@isgmiaay, wdgmd iaatdk tdgoes mcbk iof wdgmd ncrbs cn mcosmgcusokss irgsk gs tdk `kgoe cn Ecf, wdgmd sustigos tdk uogvkrsk nrcb bcbkot tc bcbkot< tdit‗s wdy wk‗rk dkrk ocw, sustigokf nrcb bcbkot tc bcbkot. Ecf gs oct i rkbctk fkbgurek tdit stirts tdgoes cnn it tdk `kegoogoe, `ut ritdkr Ecf gs tdk sustigokr cn iaa `kgoe it iaa tgbks. Mcosmgcusokss gs tc fc wgtd ncrbs iof locwakfek iof sc co. Go tdk Mdrgstgio bcfka cn tdgs gt‗s tdk Acecs, tdk ncrbitgvk prgomgpak, tdk wcrf prgomgpak. Iof tdko tdk spgrgt, go tdk Mdrgstgio trifgtgco tdk Dcay ]pgrgt, gs tdk bcvkbkot cn kokrey tdrcued tdk uogvkrsk. Iof wgtdgo tdk `kgoe cn Ecf tdgs kokrey tilks tdk ncrb cn `agss, `kmiusk Ecf‗s mcosmgcusokss gs wgtdgo io ktkroia prkskot< tdkrkncrk go ioy mcotimt wgtd tdk fgvgok mcosmgcusokss tdrcued bystgmia kxpkrgkomk, tdkrk gs io kxpkrgkomk cn `kgoe, locwakfek, iof `agss. Vdgs gs fgrkmt mcotimt wgtd fgvgok mcosmgcusokss. Ecf gs locwo oct tdrcued stufygoe tdk kxtkroia wcraf tc skk gn ycu mio ngof Ecf go cutkr spimk cr scbktdgoe, `ut ritdkr Ecf gs locwo tdrcued tdk kxpacritgco cn mcosmgcusokss. Ecf gs i mcosmgcus `kgoe wdc‗s locwo tdrcued mcosmgcusokss.

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

009

Vdit‗s tdk `isgm ncuofitgco cn tdk rkagegcus trifgtgcos cn Kist iof Ukst. Vdk prgbiry locwakfek cn Ecf gs tdrcued fgrkmt kxpkrgkomk. Vdk fgstgaaitk cn tdgs gs tdit tdk fgvgok dis tdksk tdrkk ispkmts: `kgoe, mcosmgcusokss, `agss. Vdk Mdrgstgio vkrsgco, tdk Dcay Vrgogty, gs `iskf co bktipdcr cn spkkmd iof, go tdk prgbiry bktipdcr, tdk wcrf iof tdk spgrgt. Ecf tdk nitdkr gs tdk spkilkr iof tdk ercuof cn iaa `kgoe, iof tdk bktipdcr gs tdit tdk Ucrf ncrbs pittkrokf strumturks‖tdky‗rk vg`ritcry pittkros cn imtgvgty, wcrfs wgtd bkiogoe, gotkrmcookmtgco, iof sc co. @ut wcrfs mio coay kxgst go tdk wcraf gn tdky‗rk mirrgkf `y tdk `rkitd. Is G‗b spkilgoe ocw tdkrk‗s io cutnacw cn `rkitd< gn G fco‗t divk tdit cutnacw cn `rkitd tdit mirrgks by wcrfs tdrcued tdk igr tc ycu, tdko tdky‗rk sgakot gosgfk by bgof, iof tdky fc octdgoe. @ut tc `k kxprksskf go tdk wcraf ycu divk tc divk i nacw cn kokrey, iof ycu iasc divk tc divk i ncrb, pittkro, cr strumturk< tdk twc tcektdkr irk vg`ritcry pittkros. Vdgs tdk wis `isgmtdit bcfka cn tdk fgvgok oiturk, iof bkfgkvia tdkcacey tdkgsgfki iaa paiots, iaa iogbias, iof iaago`kgoes rknakmt tdgs fgvgok oiturk. Go bcfkro smgkomk wk‗f siy tdit tdk ngkaf ispkmt cn tdgoes‖ngkafs irk wdit egvk ncrb strumturk, pittkro, iof crfkr< iof kokrey gs wdit egvks nacw, mdioek, bcvkbkot, iof imtgvgty‖gs rknakmtkf go iaa `kgoes. ]igot @coivkoturk, wdc wis i Nriomgsmio go tdk tdgrtkkotd mkotury, tdcuedt tdit iaa `kgoes rknakmt tdk trgogty go tdk fgvgok oiturk. Vdk Xcpk‗s rkmkot komymagmia Aiufitc sg‗, co tdk kovgrcobkot, gs i nismgoitgoe fcmubkot `iskf kotgrkay co tdk Nriomgsmio vgsgco cn agvgoe oiturk, go wdgmd wk‗rk pirt cn tdk agvgoe wcraf, wk‗rk pirt cn oiturk. Oiturk gs go Ecf, Ecf gs go oiturk. Gt‗s i piokotdkgstgm Ecf-go-oiturk, oiturk-go-Ecf vgkw. Gt‗s `iskf vkry strcoeay co ]t. Nriomgs cn Issgsg, iof intkr iaa Xcpk Nriomgs tccl ]t. Nriomgs‗s oibk wdko dk `kmibk pcpk. Vdk cpkogoe wcrfs cn tdk komymagmia Aiufitc sg‗ irk i quctitgco nrcb ]t. Nriomgs cn Issgsg. Gt‗s vkry nismgoitgoe tdit tdgs, wdit scbk miaa okc-crtdcfcx tdkcacey, ocw pkrbkitks tdk ^itgmio< tdkrk‗s oc bkotgco cn i lgof cn wcraf wgtd Ecf is io kxtkroia bimdg ok bilkr, fksgeogoe tdk bimdgokry cn oiturk. Pitdkr, tdgs gs

000

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

i vgkw cn agvgoe oiturk ngaakf wgtd mcosmgcusokss iof rknakmtgoe fgvgok mcosmgcusokss tdrcuedcut. Ocw, G byskan tdgol tdit tdk wiy go wdgmd scbk psymdkfkagms imt gs tdrcued fgstur`goe ocrbia okurctriosbgttkrs iof ocrbia `rigo imtgvgty, rkakisgoe us nrcb tdk fgrkmt mcookmtgco wgtd skoscry rkiagty< tdit‗s wdit dippkos go cur frkibs, is skvkria pkcpak divk bkotgcokf. G tdgol tdit i frue aglk FBV‖wdgmd go dged fcsks stcps us nrcb fcgoe ioytdgoe, ycu‗rk scrt cn piriayzkf `y gt, rkiaay‖ag`kritks us nrcb tdk ocrbia mcostrigots co cur bkotia imtgvgty, just is frkibs irk ag`kritkf nrcb tdk ocrbia mcostrigots cn skoscry goputs. Ctdkr psymdkfkagms mio fgstur` ocrbia pittkros cn imtgvgty, iaacwgoe tdgs gbbkosk mipimgty ncr ncrbgoe gbieks iof wcrafs tdit wk kxpkrgkomk tdrcued cur frkibs. G tdgol tdky cpko up tdksk rkiabs cn mcosmgcusokss. G byskan tdgol tdit go tdk okir-fkitd-typk kxpkrgkomks wgtd FBV iof go `agssnua stitks gofumkf `y ctdkr frues, wk irk imtuiaay agolgoe tc tdk fgvgok G tdgol gosgfk bystgmia irk oct, is bitkrgiagsts wcuaf siy, bgof. just prcfumkf tdkkxpkrgkomks `rigo tdrcued sdcrt-mgrmugtgoe `gts cn tdk `rigo iof tdrcued bcakmuaks innkmtgoe ixcos, okurcos, syoipsks, iof tdgoes. Vdk pctkotgia tc pirtgmgpitk go tdk fgvgok bgof gs tdkrk iaa tdk tgbk‖`ut ocrbiaay wk `acml gt cut. Go tdk Fzcemdko trifgtgco iof go Lrgsdoiburtg‗s tkimdgoes, tdk gfki gs gt‗s dkrk ocw, iaa tdk tgbk, gt‗s just tdit wk `acml cut immkss tc gt, wk mrkitk `irrgkrs< `kmiusk wk‗rk sc `usy ekttgoe co wgtd cur ocrbia agvks, iof wgtd iaa tdk fgstrimtgcos tdit tdk bcfkro wcraf dis tc cnnkr, gt‗s prc`i`ay bcrk `acmlkf cut go cur mgvgagzitgco tdio go ioy prkvgcus cok. @ut tdkrk gs tdgs pctkotgia ncr mcotimt wgtd tdk fgvgok bgof, iof psymdkfkagms irk cok wiy go wdgmd tdgs mio dippko. ]c G tdgol tdit gn wk‗rk tialgoe i`cut tdk oiturk cn mcosmgcusokss, ioy `ge-smiak vgkw dis tc tilk gotc immcuot fgvgok mcosmgcusokss is wkaa is tdk mcosmgcusokss cn tdk suo iof tdk eiaixgks iof bioy ctdkr ncrbs cn creiogzitgco go oiturk. Just ncmusgoe co tdk `rigo gs bumd, bumd tcc oirrcw< gt paiys io gbpcrtiot pirt, `ut tdk `ge pgmturk, G tdgol, dis tc gomaufk tdkcacey, cr gn ycu aglk pdgacscpdy, caf-styak pdgacscpdy cn uatg-

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

00=

bitk rkiagty. Ctdkrwgsk wk divk tcc gomcbpaktk i vgkw cn mcosmgcusokss, iof go uofkrstiofgoe cur cwo kxpacritgcos, wk mio‗t skk tdk `ge pgmturk wgtdgo wdgmd wk‗rk cpkritgoe. Go mcomausgco, G tdgol tdit tdk psymdkfkagm rkvcautgco‖tdk kxpiofgoe gotkrkst go psymdkfkagms‖gs cok cn tdk tdgoes tdit‗s imtuiaay frgvgoe tdk pirifgeb sdgnt it tdk bcbkot, `kmiusk bcst pkcpak irko‗t vkry gotkrkstkf go rkifgoe fktigakf ireubkots i`cut tdk oiturk cn rkiagty, tdk oiturk cn oiturk, iof sc ncrtd. G ib pkrscoiaay, `ut G vkry scco rkiagzkf tdit tdgs gs i bgocrgty gotkrkst, wdkrkis bcst pkcpak irk gotkrkstkf go tdkgr cwo kxpkrgkomk‖iof rgedtay sc. Gn tdky‗vk dif kxpkrgkomks tdit `rkil cpko tdkgr wcrafvgkw iof sdcw tdit gt gs nir tcc agbgtkf, nir tcc gomcbpaktk, tdko tdgs `rkiltdrcued gs i vkry gbpcrtiot pirt cn i qukst ncr scbktdgoe kask. Vdk tkbpak dkrk \it Vyrgoedib DiaaR dis io gosmrgptgco i`cut `kgoe go tdk qukst< gs gt tdk qukst ncr trutd3 Ocrbiaay, bcst pkcpak fco‗t bumd bctgvitgco tc eckbigas co i qukst tc i trutd‖agnk‗s tcc nuaa cn nkka fgstrimtgcos iof ioswkrgoe iof tdgoes‖`ut psymdkfkagms fc gospgrk sumd i qukst Vdky fgf ncr bk. By ngrst kxpkrgkomk wis wgtd A]F go 9759, iof gt mcbpaktkay mdioekf by vgkw cn rkiagty. G tdgol ncr bioy ycuoe pkcpak ocw psymdkfkagms irk i rgtk cn pissiek< tdky‗rk aglk i okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomk, aglk fygoe iof `kgoe `cro ieigo gotc i okw wcraf iof i okw rkiagty. G tdgol tdit wdit wk‗rk tialgoe i`cut dkrk gs imtuiaay it tdk muttgoe kfek cn tdgs triosgtgco go cur muaturk, `kmiusk bcst pkcpak mdioek tdkgr wcrafvgkw `kmiusk cn kxpkrgkomk< iof gt‗s ocw co i biss smiak tdit pkcpak irk tilgoe psymdkfkagms, cntko uowgskay, oct wkaa eugfkf, iof tdkrk irk misuiatgks iacoe tdk wiy, `ut okvkrtdkakss G tdgol gt‗s io kxtricrfgoirgay pcwkrnua frgvkr cn tdgs mdioek. Gt‗s oct rkiaay mccrfgoitkf cr creiogzkf `y ioy`cfy, gt‗s just dippkogoe, iof tdit‗s wdy G tdgol tdit wdit wk‗rk tialgoe i`cut ocw gs dgeday rkakviot tc tdgs mdioek go wcrafvgkw, iof tdk nimt tdit ocok cn us rkiaay locw tdk ioswkrs gs pirt cn wdkrk wk irk. Uk‗rk kxpacrgoe, wk‗rk trygoe tc ngof i okw pitd iof i okw wiy cn `rgoegoe tcektdkr gotc mcdkrkomk trifgtgcoia vgkws, bcfkro vgkws,

006

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

smgkotgngm tkmdogmia vgkws, stufgks cn tdk `rigo, iof sc ncrtd, kimd go cur cwo wiy. FG]M[]]GCO CN

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

F

: Vdiol ycu vkry bumd, Pupkrt. G‗f aglk tc jubp go ngrst,

A

gn G biy, tc mcrrc`critk kxpkrgkotgiaay wdit ycu wkrk siygoe i`cut psymdkfkagms iof bcrpdgm rkscoiomk. Udko Ia`krt Dcnnbio wis egvko Xsgacmy`k busdrccbs iof wis gscaitgoe tdkgr imtgvk ialiacgfs, sumd is psgacmy`go, dk eivk tdkb tc pkcpak wdc oigvkay fgf oct locw tdkgr prcvkoiomk, iof tdky wcuaf cntko divk vgsgcos cn Iztkm tkbpaks, Biyio tkbpaks, Biyio irtwcrl, Iztkm irtwcrl, iof tdgs lgof cn tdgoe. Dk sueekstkf gt wis i lgof cn psymdcbktry cn tdk imtuia bcakmuak gtskan, rkscoitgoe wgtd tdk crgegoia uskrs. G dippko tc divk ioctdkr c`skrvitgco nrcb by cwo kxpkrgkomks wcrlgoe wgtd tdk Dugmdca pkcpak cn Bkxgmc wdc usk pkyctk mimtus. By ngrst tgbk ecgoe tc tdkgr mcbbuogty go tdk ]gkrri, wgtdcut kvko tilgoe ioy pkyctk `ut just `kgoe tdkrk iof kotkrgoe gotc tdkgr mcbbuogty, kvkry tgbk G macskf by kyks G wis divgoe vgsgcos cn tdkgr mcsbcacey‖ tdk fkkr, tdk pkyctk, iof tdgs lgof cn tdgoe‖iof gt wis gofgstgoeugsdi`ak nrcb wdko G fgf aitkr tilk pkyctk< gt wis tdk sibk kxpkrgkomk. Gt wis tdit strcoe‖tdk rkscoiomk cn tdcsk pkcpak divgoe i mcsbcacegmia `kagkn go i biegmia rkiagty ncr sumd i acoe tgbk. P

]

]

N

: Nismgoitgoe, tdiols. : G just wiot tc isl, ycu sigf, ‑wdko ycu wkrk io itdk-

gst.‒ Udit mdioekf3 : Udit stcppkf bk `kgoe io itdkgst3

] N ]

: Wks. : Ukaa, G `cuedt gotc tdk itdkgst wcrafvgkw is pirt cn by

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

00;

smgkotgngm kfumitgco< gt wis i pimliek fkia. Gt stgaa gs ncr bcst pkcpak wdc stufy smgkomk. Xkcpak wdc stufy ioytdgoe it uogvkrsgty ocwifiys, gt turos bcst cn tdkb gotc itdkgsts, `kmiusk tdk issubptgco gs wk agvk go i tctiaay skmuair wcraf. ]mgkomk dis ngeurkf gt iaa cut< gts fcebis cn bitkrgiagsb irk oct skko is fcebis, tdky irk skko is trutds. ]c G just immkptkf tdit, `kmiusk gt‗s wdit kvkrycok ircuof bk skkbkf tc tdgol, iof tdkrk wkrk twc `ge `cousks ncr `kmcbgoe io itdkgst. Ngrst, ycu mio divk nrkk acvk< G bkio skx wis oc acoekr prcdg`gtkf. \Iufgkomk aiuedtkr.R Vdit wis itdkgsb‗s `geekst skaagoe pcgot it tdk tgbk. Vdk ctdkr tdgoe gs tdit gt egvks pkcpak i skosk cn supkrgcrgty, ycu locw: ‑wk ocw locw tdit tdk wcraf gs octdgoe `ut bittkr,‒ iof, ‑pkcpak uskf tc tdgol tdit tdkrk wkrk iaa tdksk bytdgm `kgoes, ecfs, ecffkssks, iof ktmktkri, `ut wk‗vk rgsko i`cvk gt `kmiusk wk‗rk sbirt, bcfkro, kfumitkf pkcpak.‒ Vdkrk‗s ifkaufkf lgof cnpkcpak pitrcogzgoe cn `rigowisdkf acclgoe co ioy is nuaa stupgf wdc‗vkwiy `kko `y rkagegco prgksts, iof sc cn ncrtd, iof tdit wis just stiofirf. G bkio G skk gt dippkogoe tdk wdcak tgbk tcfiy tc ycuoe pkcpak. Is tdky ec tc uogvkrsgty, tdky kbkrek wgtd tdgs naittkokf wcrafvgkw. I nkw `rkil cut cn gt, iof tdky bigoay `rkil cut cn gt tdk wiy G fgf, tdrcued tilgoe psymdkfkagms. ]c tdit wis cok tdgoe. Ncr bk tdk ctdkr tdgoe wis trivkagoe go Gofgi go 97>4 iof 97>7. G agvkf go Isgi ncr i ykir‖Gofgi, ]rg Aioli, iof G agvkf go Biaiysgi‖iof `kgoe go Isgio muaturks wdkrk pkrnkmtay siok pkcpak dif mcbpaktkay fgnnkrkot vgkws cn tdk wcraf iof fgfo‗t skkb tc bk stupgf iof fkaufkf, wdgmd gs wdit G tdcuedt tdky wcuaf `k nrcb by itdkgst pcgot cn vgkw, bifk bk rktdgol. ]c tdko G tccl up Vriosmkofkotia Bkfgtitgco iof ect gotkrkstkf go kxpacrgoe rkiabs cn tdk bgof iof ycei. G dif i jc` go Gofgi intkr tdit iof ncuof byskan uokxpkmtkfay friwo `iml tc i Mdrgstgio pitd, iof sc G agvkf go tdk Isdrib cn Nitdkr @kfk Ergnngtds, go scutd Gofgi. Dk wis by prgomgpak tkimdkr tdkrk. ]c ncr bk gt wis i acoe jcuroky. @ut G tdgol cok cn tdk gotkrkstgoe tdgoes tdit‗s ecgoe co it tdk bcbkot gs tdit bioy pkcpak ocw divk

00>

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

`kko `rcuedt up itdkgst, cr ieocstgm, cr divk pirkots wdc divk oc gotkrkst wditsckvkr go rkagegco, iof tdky irk scrt cn rkfgsmcvkrgoe spgrgtuiagty iof gofkkf rkagegco. Ioitdkgsb gs i wcrf tdit bkios ‑`iml tc Ecf,‒ iof G tdgol wdit wk irk skkgoe ocw gs i lgof cn rkfgsmcvkry cn Ecf go virgcus ncrbs‖ycu locw, ]it Mdgt Ioiofi, tdk spgrgt, sdibiogm pitds tc ngofgoe ctdkr rkiagtgks‖ tdkrk‗s i duek spgrgtuia jcuroky ecgoe co it tdk bcbkot. Bcstay gt‗s oct dippkogoe tdrcued trifgtgcoia creiogzkf rkagegcos, `ut pkrscoiaay G tdgol tdkrk‗s i erkit fkia tc `k sigf ncr creiogzkf rkagegco. G ittkof mdurmd rkeuairay, iof G tdgol gt‗s vkry gbpcrtiot tc divk tdksk trifgtgcos. N

: ]c dcw wcuaf ycu fkngok gt3 Wcu usk tdk tkrb ‑Ecf.‒ Wcu locw

tdkrk‗s tdgs mconusgco is tc wdit gs Ecf3 ] N

: Udit gs Ecf3 : Wks, wdc gs Ecf, iof dcw wcuaf ycu fkngok dgb3 Vdkrk irk iaa

tdksk pkcpak fcgoe psymdkfkagms, iof tdgs mcbks uofkr tdk ub`rkaai‖ gn G uofkrstiof ycu mcrrkmtay‖cn tdk tkrb ‑Ecf,‒ gs tdit wdit ycu‗rk siygoe3 ]

: Ukaa G‗b siygoe tdit by uofkrstiofgoe cn Ecf ocw gs

`iskf co tdgs gfki G wis tialgoe i`cut, ]it Mdgt Ioiofi, tdk oiturk cn mcosmgcusokss is tdk scurmk cn iaa tdgoes. Gt‗s bcrk `iskf co kxpkrgkomk, iof G tdgol uatgbitkay iaa vgkws cn Ecf, iaa rkagegcus trifgtgcos, stirt nrcb tdgs kxpkrgkomk iof tdko irk put gotc dubio aioeuieks, bytds, smrgpturks, rgtuias, tkbpaks, iof sc co. @ut G tdgol gt iaa mcbks `iml tc tdgs fgrkmt kxpkrgkomk, iof ncr bk tdit‗s tdk mkotria pirt. Cn mcursk bioy pkcpak tkaa ycu tc `kagkvk tdksk tdgoes< tdit ycu divk tc tilk gt co iutdcrgty. Ukaa gso‗t tdit truk cn smgkomk, kvko bcrk sc3 G bkio dcw bioy pkcpak imtuiaay spkof bcotds go airek difrco mcaagfkrs ngeurgoe cut tdk oiturk cn quirls3 Bcst cn wdit wk‗rk tiuedt i`cut smgkomk‖ iabcst kvkrytdgoe tdit bcst pkcpak locw i`cut smgkomk‖gs tilko kotgrkay co iutdcrgty.

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

P

M

-D

005

: G wcuaf mdiaakoek tdit. Gt‗s i`cut islgoe

makir qukstgcos, ncrbuaitgoe makir qukstgcos, iof tdko tkstgoe tdkb go i mirknua wiy. ]c tc siy tdit tdk gfki tdit bkbcrgks divk stcriek go tdk `rigo rksts co fcebitgm issubptgco wcuaf `k qugtk gosuatgoe tc pkcpak wdc‗vk fcok mirknua rkskirmd gotc tdit irki iof divk tkstkf‖wgtd makir qukstgcos‖ncuof fiti, iof tdko wkrk i`ak tc bilk makir gonkrkomks `iskf co ipprcimdgoe i prc`akb wgtd makir qukstgcos. ]

: Cd G‗b tctiaay go nivcr cn makir qukstgcos. G fc kxpkrg-

bkotia rkskirmd iaa tdk tgbk byskan, iof G try tc isl makir qukstgcos. ]c ncr tdk qukstgco: Gs bkbcry stcrkf go tdk `rigo3, tdk makir qukstgcos G‗f isl irk, sc gn gt‗s oct go tdk `rigo, iof gn gt‗s i rkscoiot pdkocbkoco, tdko sdcuafo‗t ycu `k i`ak tc trigo io iogbia tc akiro i trgml iof ctdkr iogbias sdcuaf `k i`ak tc pgml gt up kvko tdcued tdky‗rk oct divgoe iaa tdcsk bkbcry bcakmuaks iof tdgoes3 Gn ycu mio ekt i triosnkr cn akirogoe, tdko tdgs wcuaf sueekst i triosnkr cn bkbcry. Gt‗s i makir qukstgco< tdk kxpkrgbkot sueeksts scbktdgoe aglk tdit gs ecgoe co. G‗b tctiaay go nivcr cn smgkomk is i wiy tc isl makir qukstgcos. Udit G‗b siygoe gs tdit ncr bcst pkcpak wdc ec tc smdcca iof akiro i`cut smgkomk‖pkcpak wdc erifuitk nrcb uogvkrsgty wgtd fkerkks go Koeagsd cr fribi cr scbktdgoe aglk tdit‖divk oct spkot bcotds cr ykirs go ai`critcrgks fcgoe smgkomk, `ut tdky tilk gt co iutdcrgty. Udit G‗b siygoe gs tdk vist bijcrgty, bcst cn wdit ycu akiro is io uofkrerifuitk go smgkomk, ycu tilk co iutdcrgty. Ncr gostiomk, tdgs gs tdk wiy tdk Lrk``‗s mymak wcrls, tdgs gs dcw FOI . . . M

-D

: @ut smgkomk gs i`cut islgoe qukstgcos iof tkstgoe

tdkb‖G tdgol tdit‗s tdk mrgtgmia tdgoe. Gt‗s oct `kagkn, gt‗s oct i akip cn nigtd< gt‗s tdit scbktdgoe dis `kko islkf iof wk‗vk acclkf it tdk fiti, iof tdko wk‗vk `kko i`ak tc bilk gonkrkomks `iskf co kvgfkomk, `iskf co tksts. Gt‗s oct tilgoe gt co iutdcrgty, gs gt3 ]

: Ukaa ycu divk i rcsgkr vgkw tdio bk. Ncr kxibpak, G

fc kxpkrgbkots iof try iof isl makir qukstgcos i`cut tkakpitdy. G‗b

004

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

ruoogoe tkakpdcok tkakpitdy tksts it tdk bcbkot. Vdky irk coagok, iof ioycok go tdk rccb mio fc tdkb. Vdky‗rk nuo, tdky‗rk egvgoe makir-mut rksuats, iof ykt ycu locw gn G ippkir go bcst smgkotgngm gostgtutgcos siygoe, ‑dkrk G‗b islgoe makir qukstgcos i`cut tkakpitdy, iof dkrk irk tdk kxpkrgbkots, dkrk‗s tdk fiti,‒ tdko scbk pkcpak siy, ‑Gt‗s erkit tc skk tdk kvgfkomk.‒ @ut ycu wcuafo‗t `kagkvk dcw bioy pkcpak‖ pkrdips ycu wcuaf `kagkvk‖irk kotgrkay dcstgak tc tdk gfki cn fcgoe tdk rkskirmd it iaa, iof tdkrk irk creiogzkf ercups cn slkptgms, tdkrk irk bgagtiot bitkrgiagsts, tdkrk irk pkcpa k ag lk Pgmdirf Fiwlgos, wdc irk gomrkfg`ay ioery tdit ioycok sdcuaf `k iaacwkf tc fc tdgs rkskirmd. G ekt ittimlkf `y pkcpak wdc maigb tc `k fknkofgoe smgkomk `iskf co kvgfkomk, islgoe makir qukstgcos, ktmktkri. ]cbk pkcpak go smgkomk irk sgomkrk iof fc gt, G tdgol, mcrrkmtay, `ut gt dis `kmcbk io gfkcacey ncr i act cn pkcpak, i wcrafvgkw. M

-D

: G fco‗t skk tdit. G bkio tdk gfki tdit smgkomk gs

i rkagegco tdit rksts co scbk lgof cn akip cn nigtd, G just fco‗t tdgol gt dcafs up, `kmiusk tdk smgkotgngm bktdcf gs cok cn tkstgoe. Gt‗s cok tdit, tc ycur mrkfgt, ycu primtgmk ycurskan. Vdk gfki cn tdksk smgkotgsts wdc irk sc oirrcw-bgofkf tdit tdky wco‗t iaacw ycu tc tkst scbktdgoe aglk tkakpitdy gs prc`akbitgm. Vdky sdcuaf iaacw tdit. ]dkafrilk: Wks, cn mcursk tdky sdcuaf. E

D

: Mio G iff scbktdgoe tc tdit3 Pupkrt iof G `ctd

dif tials tdit wk fgf it VKFx co tdk sibk fiy tdit wkrk `ctd `iookf `y VKF.* Nuofibkotiaay, tdk rkisco tdky `iookf tdkb gs `kmiusk tdky divk i smgkotgngm `cirf tdit sigf tdk octgco cn ocoacmia mcosmgcusokss gs pskufc-smgkomk, iof tdkrkncrk gt bust oct `k mcosgfkrkf. Vdgs gs gfkcacey, tdgs gs fcebi< tdgs gs oct smgkomk. Gt‗s i rknkrkomk nribk tdit gs `kgoe tilko is i nimt tdit gso‗t i nimt, iof gt‗s oct prcvko, iof tdk rkskirmd dis oct `kko fcok. *VKF gs io coagok akmturk dcstgoe sgtk iof VKFx gs i nriomdgsk cn coagok akmturks creiogzkf gofkpkofkotay `ut dcstkf uofkr tdk VKF ub`rkaai.

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

M

-D

007

: G tdgol tdit‗s wrcoe. G tdgol pkcpak sdcuaf dkir

tdksk gfkis iof tdko `k i`ak tc isskss tdk kvgfkomk tdit suppcrts tdkb. : Ukaa G ierkk. Go by rkmkot `ccl Vdk ]mgkomk Fkausgco G

]

tilk tdk tko nuofibkotia fcebis cn smgkomk iof sdcw dcw wk mcuaf imtuiaay accl it tdksk fcebis iof trkit tdkb is dypctdksks tdit wk tkst gostkif cn siygoe tdky bustbktdcfs. `k truk. Iof sc by kotgrk ipprcimd gs tc fc smgkomk `y usgoe smgkotgngm M

-D

: Vdk bctgvitgco ncr bk tc siy scbktdgoe wis

nkkagoe tdit scbktgbks tdk smgkotgngm pkrspkmtgvk wis tialkf i`cut‖go io kovgrcobkot aglk tdgs‖go i sagedtay fkrceitcry wiy, sc G just wiotkf tc iffrkss tdit ncr tdk silk cn `iaiomk . . . : Cd yks, G tdgol tdit‗s ngok, G‗b oct `kgoe fkrceitcry. G

]

bkio G spkof by kotgrk tgbk fcgoe smgkotgngm kxpkrgbkots. G‗b prc smgkomk< gt‗s wdit G fc. G‗b iotg smgkotgngm fcebi, iof G komcuotkr qugtk i act cn gt, `ut G‗b prc smgkomk is io kxpkrgbkotia bktdcf, iof acclgoe it kvgfkomk iof dypctdksks‖G‗b tctiaay prc tdit. U

P

: Pupkrt, G‗aa stirt wgtd i agttak iokmfctk, `kmiusk

G nkka tdit tdkrk‗s i tkosgco prkskot go sc bioy acmitgcos. Ieigo gt‗s rknakmtkf go wdit ycu‗vk just `kko fgsmussgoe wgtd Pc`go< tdkrk‗s i tkosgco `ktwkko wdit wk‗rk tiuedt is `kgoe kxpaioitcry bcfkas cn rkiagty iof wdit cur kxpkrgkomk sueeksts. G wis, G fco‗t locw, skvko cr kgedt ykirs caf, iof tdkrk wis i `ge caf dcusk okir wdkrk G agvkf tdit wis `kgoe rk`ugat< gt wis iaa euttkf. Gt wis i suooy fiy, iof by nitdkr fkmgfkf tc stcp tdk mir, iof wk wialkf gotc tdk `ugafgoe. Gt wis i suooy bgffiy iof wk wialkf go, by bctdkr, by nitdkr, iof byskan, iof wgtdgo twc skmcofs by bctdkr iof G rio cut. Uk ect `iml go tdk mir, iof wk wkrk rkiaay, rkiaay iairbkf. By nitdkr wialkf go iof ti alkf tc tdk `ugafkrs, dk wis ngok< dk mibk cut siygoe, ‑wdit dippkokf tc ycu3‒ Iof by bctdkr iof G okvkr bioiekf tc kxpaigo gt kxmkpt ncr tdk nimt tdit wk `ctd pgmlkf up scbktdgoe dcrrkofcus go tdit `ugafgoe. Uk mcuafo‗t irtgmuaitk wdit gt wis.

0=8

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

Ocw gt wis coay aitkr wdko G wis rkifgoe Irtdur M. Mairlk `ccls‖iof G dif acifs cn tdkb is i lgf‖tdit G mibk imrcss Aktd`rgfek iof dgs rkskirmd gotc dgs tdkcrgks tdit edcsts irk bkbcrgks go acmitgcos, iof go pirtgmuair dk dif tdk gfki tdit tdky wkrk ekokriaay ircuof witkr. Dk dif scbk lgof cn gfki tdit witkr wis rkaitkf, `ut G fco‗t locw dcw nir dk pursukf tdit. Iof wdit G wis rkiagzgoe gs tdit Irtdur M. Mairlk wis mcbpgagoe tdkcrgks tdit irk dkaf tc `k, is Eridib \DiomcmlR just sigf, pskufc tdkcrgks. Vdksk irk pkcpak wdc irk acclgoe it nrgoek irkis‖ycu locw `gencct, iof nccngedtkrs, iof wdit oct. Wcu locw, ‑tdgs gs iaa tdk piriocrbia, tdgs gs iaa tdk ocoocrbia,‒ iof G rkiagzkf by kotgrk agnk wis mcbpaktkay nuaa cn ocoocrbia kvkots. Iof sc tdkrk‗s tdit tkosgco, wdgmd G tdgol gs i tkosgco tdit wk‗rk tialgoe i`cut go iaa tdk fgsmussgcos dkrk, `ktwkko tdk nimt tdit wk irk iaa tialgoe i`cut kxpkrgkomks tdit wk divk iaa dif, iof mcotgouk tc, skt ieigost i bcfka tdit fcks oct immcbbcfitk tdkb! Iof ocoacmiagzkf mcosmgcusokss gs i eccf kxibpak cn tdit. ] : G ierkk, G tdgol tdit gs i `ge prc`akb. Uk divk io cnngmgia wcrafvgkw tdit fckso‗t kvko immcbbcfitk mcosmgcusokss go gt, sc tdk prc`akb gs tdit gt‗s i lgof cn fkogia. Ncr kxibpak, G fgf by rkskirmd co fces tdit locw wdko tdkgr cwokrs irk mcbgoe dcbk. G fgf tdgs `kmiusk tdcusiofs cn pkcpak tcaf bk tdky dif fces tdit lokw wdko tdky wkrk mcbgoe dcbk, sc G fkmgfkf tc govkstgeitk gt‖fc kxpkrgbkots, ngab tdk fce, divk pkcpak mcbk it riofcb tgbks, iof sc ncrtd. Vdk rksuats wkrk summkssnua, iof pcsgtgvk, iof G‗vk sgomk `kko trygoe tc pkrsuifk pkcpak tc fc tdgs rkskirmd uogvkrsgtgks. Vdkrk divk divk `kkogovirgi`ay pakoty cn stufkots wdc wiotkf tc tilk gtgoup, `ut tdkgr supkrvgscrs sigf tc tdkb, ‑ycu locw G‗b pkrscoiaay sybpitdktgm, iof G tdgol gt‗s i rkiaay gotkrkstgoe qukstgco, `ut gn ycu wiot tc `k i smgkotgst ycu‗aa lgaa ycur mirkkr rgedt nrcb tdk cutskt gn ycu fc rkskirmd co tkakpitdy.‒ Iof tdky‗rk rgedt. Iof sc tdgoes tdit irk vkry bumd pirt cn figay kxpkrgkomk‖ctdkr tdgoes G‗vk acclkf it sumd is tkakpdcok tkakpitdy iof tdk skosk cn `kgoe stirkf it‖irk tdgoes tdit, fkspgtk `kgoe pirt cn

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

0=9

figay cr nrkqukot kxpkrgkomk, irk mcbpaktkay `iookf nrcb tdgs wcrafvgkw. Gn pkcpak try tc fc rkskirmd co tdkb it uogvkrsgtgks tdky‗rk usuiaay stcppkf, `kmiusk gt fckso‗t ngt tdk pirifgeb. G tdgol tdit wdit wk okkf tc fc gs ngof i bcfka cn rkiagty tdit gomaufks iaa tdit‗s eccf i`cut smgkomk `ut wgtdcut tdk fcebitgm kxmausgcos tdit kxmaufk sc bumd cn kxpkrgkomk. G tdgol tdk jc` cn smgkomk gs tc govkstgeitk wdit dippkos, sc G imtuiaay try tc govkstgeitk tdksk tdgoes smgkotgngmiaay. G tdgol tdit‗s dcw wk sdcuaf fc gt iof tdit smgkomk wcuaf `kokngt nrcb `kgoe wgfkr iof bcrk gomausgvk. J

O

: Ukaa Pupkrt, gt‗s iawiys i pakisurk tc agstko tc ycu.

Is G wis prkpirgoe ncr by tial ykstkrfiy G acclkf gotc tdk ktybcacey cn tdk wcrf spgrgt , iof tdgs akf bk `iml tc tdk @g`ak iof tdk `rkitd cn Ecf. ]c G wis rkifgoe tdk @g`ak is io ieocstgm i mcupak cn wkkls iec iof ecceagoe ‑tdk `rkitd cn Ecf,‒ iof gt skkbs tdit gt‗s i agttak akss makir mut tdio tdk gfki tdit Ecf gosunnaitkf dgs `rkitd coay gotc dubios< tdkrk irk ctdkr pissieks tdit gofgmitk tdit dk gosunnaitkf dgs `rkitd gotc iaa agvgoe mrkiturks. ] O

: Wks. : Okvkrtdkakss tdk gfki tdit dubios irk go dgs gbiek dis `kko

i strcoe gfki iof dis birlkf i act cn Ukstkro Jufkc-Mdrgstgio muaturk, sc tdkrk skkbs tc `k skvkria strigos wgtdgo Mdrgstgio tdkcacey co tdit. Udit gs ycur vgkw co tdit qukstgco3 ]

: Ukaa G tdgol tdk wcrf spgrgt bkios `rkitd, cr wgof,

iof dis i wdcak virgkty cn bkiogoes, iof go tdk Jkwgsd @g`ak‖tdk Caf Vkstibkot‖gt‗s i `gt bilksdgnt‖tdkrk‗s agttak `gts dkrk iof tdkrk, `ut gt‗s oct i systkbitgm kxpcsgtgco cn tdkcry. Ncr i systkbitgm iof mcdkrkot ittkbpt tc put tdgs gotc i lgof cn pdgacscpdgmia nribkwcrl, ycu rkiaay divk tc accl it tdk Mdurmd Nitdkrs iof Crgeko, wdc Xktkr \BkykrR rknkrrkf tc ykstkrfiy, nrcb tdk tdgrf iof ncurtd mkotury< tdky‗rk bigoay Okcpaitcogm `ut tdky wkrk gonaukomkf `y Erkkl pdgacscpdy.

0=0

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

Vdk mdiaakoek cn tdk kiray Mdrgstgio pdgacscpdkrs wis tc `rgoe tcektdkr tdksk ritdkr mrufk Jkwgsd bktipdcrs, vkry mcomrktk bktipdcrs, wgtd iaa tdk scpdgstgmitgco cn maissgmia pdgacscpdy. Vdk Okw Vkstibkot wis wrgttko go Erkkl, sc tdksk wcrafs mcaagfkf iof wdit mibk cut cn gt wis i syotdksgs< tdk fcmtrgok cn tdk Dcay Vrgogty, wdgmd gs tdk prgomgpia mcomkptgco cn Ecf tdit tdky irrgvkf it go tdk ngrst nkw mkoturgks, gomaufks tdk spgrgt is pirt cn tdk fgvgok oiturk‖tdk spgrgt `kgoe tdk prgomgpia cn kokrey, bcvkbkot, iof mdioek go tdk wdcak cn oiturk. Ocw tdk spgrgt gs iasc tdit wdgmd gospgrks iof mio gospgrk dubio `kgoes, iof dubio `kgoes rknakmt Ecf tdrcued divgoe bgofs tdit rknakmt tdk fgvgok bgof. @ut immcrfgoe tc ]igot @coivkoturk iof tdk Nriomgsmio smdcca, tdcsk go tdk Ukstkro mdurmd kxtkofkf tdgs vkry kxpagmgtay tc tdk wdcak cn oiturk, tc paiots iof iogbias is wkaa. Go tdk Erkkl Crtdcfcx trifgtgco, tdk spgrgt wis bumd bcrk mkotria tc tdk wdcak cn tdkgr tdkcacey< tdk spgrgt cn Ecf gs tdk `rkitd cn agnk go iaa oiturk iof gs tdk go gtskan iaa oiturk‖tdit‗s prktty bigostrkib go Erkkl tdkcacey. ]ckokrey tdk @g`ak dis uofkvkacpkf dgots tdit wkrk aitkr put tcektdkr gotc i bcrk mcdkrkot systkb. @ut cn mcursk tdkrk irk fgnnkrkot smdccas: Erkkl crtdcfcx, Pussgio crtdcfcx, Ioeagmio, Mitdcagm< tdkrk irk bioy fgnnkrkot typks cn tdkcacey. @ut gn ycu ec `iml tc tdk ncrbitgvk tdkcacegks iof tdk fcmtrgok cn tdk Dcay Vrgogty‖wdgmd wis tdkgr `kst ittkbpt tc uofkrstiof tdk oiturk cn Ecf is oct just `kgoe io uofgnnkrkotgitkf `kgoe iof mkrtigoay oct io caf bio wgtd i `kirf `ut is divgoe fgnnkrkot ittrg`utks tdit irk rkmceogzi`ak‖tdko `kgoe gs cok cn tdkb. Vdk —ercuof cn iaa `kgoe‗ \tdit Ecf gs tdk `isgs cn iaa `kgoe, is Xiua Vgaagmd dcafsR gs nuofibkotia, iof mcosmgcusokss cr locwakfek gs ioctdkr ispkmt cn Ecf. @ut tdit go gtskan wcuaf akif tc i lgof cn stitgm Xaitcogm rkiab, iof ycu wcuafo‗t ekt i wcraf nuaa cn bcvkbkot iof mdioek. ]c tdko tdkrk dis tc `k tdgs fyoibgmia prgomgpak. Vdky‗rk oct skpiritk, tdky‗rk iaa uogtkf tcektdkr. Vdko tdkcacegios iof bystgms aglk Bkgstkr Kmldirt go tdk Bgffak Ieks sigf iaa tdksk irk just mcomkptgcos. Dcw mio cur agbgtkf bgofs kvkr mcomkgvk cn Ecf3 Iof tdit tdk truk Ecf, tdk ecfdkif, gs `kdgof

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

0==

iaa tdksk bcfkas. Go Erkkl tdkcacey tdkgr cnngmgia smdcca cn tdkcacey gs ipcpditgm, wdgmd bkios, ‑wk mio coay siy wdit Ecf gs oct< wk mio siy tdksk irk wiys cn uofkrstiofgoe Ecf tdit cur bgofs mio erisp, `ut tdky pcgot tc i rkiagty tdit gs `y gts vkry oiturk nir erkitkr tdio ioytdgoe wk mio mcomkgvk.‒ Vdk `kst wk mio fc gs kxpkrgkomk gt tdrcued fgrkmt gotugtgco cr bystgmia kxpkrgkomk. ]c G wcuaf siy tdcsk wkrk tdk bigostrkib pcsgtgcos. Wcu tdko ekt tdk Xrctkstiot Pkncrbitgco pkcpak wdc siy, ‑cd oc, ncrekt iaa tdgs trifgtgco, ncrekt wdit tdksk pkcpak divk sigf, iof wk‗aa just rkif tdk @g`ak. Gt‗s agtkriaay truk.‒ Vdit‗s i lgof cn bcfkro fkvgitgco. Ibkrgmio nuofibkotiagsb, wdgmd wis govkotkf go tdk kiray twkotgktd mkotury iof dis iabcst oc rkaitgco tc tdgs trifgtgcoia tdkcacey, rkjkmts, cr imtuiaay gt‗s just geocriot cn, tdgs kotgrk smdcca cn tdcuedt. : Just geocriot!

P

\Iufgkomk aiuedtkr.R @

M

: Pupkrt, G‗f aglk tc stirt cnn ecgoe `iml tc tdk ngrst

pcgot ycu bifk i`cut tdgs triosncrbitgco go tdk oiturk cn smgkomk `kmiusk G tdgol gt‗s rkiaay gbpcrtiot. Just aist ykir tdkrk wis tdgs pcstbitkrgiagst biognkstc wdkrk i airek oub`kr, biy`k i duofrkf, smgkotgsts sgeokf tdgs, `isgmiaay siygoe tdit wk divk tc kxpiof cur mcomkpt cn smgkomk tc immcbbcfitk tdk scrt cn pdkocbkoi wk‗rk tialgoe i`cut iof tdit rkiaay tdk fgstgomtgco gs `ktwkko smgkomk iof smgkotgsb. Vc iffrkss wdit Pc`go \Mirdirt-DirrgsR sigf, oc cok gs fkoygoe tdk gbpcrtiomk cn smgkomk, `ut gt‗s tdgs smgkotgsb, wdgmd gs i scrt cn nuofibkotiagst ncrb cn tdit siys tdk bitkrgia wcraf gs iaa tdkrk oksssmgkomk gs prcfumkf `y tdit tdk `rigo, iof tdit‗s gt. Vdit‗s wditgs,gs mcosmgcusrkiaay `kgoe ireukf. ]mgkotgsb gs go rkaitgco tc smgkomk, go scbk skosk, is nuofibkotiagst rkagegcos irk tc bcrk koagedtkokf spgrgtuiagty. G tdgol cok duofrkf gs i sbiaa oub`kr iof fckso‗t rkprkskot tdk bijcrgty vgkw cn smgkotgsts, `ut gt‗s i ercwgoe bcvkbkot G tdgol, iof wkaa, Mdrgstgiogty stirtkf wgtd twkavk pkcpak, sc gt skkbs tc bk gt‗s i sbiaa bcvkbkot `ut G tdgol gt gs i ercwgoe cok. Gt‗s scrt cn i trkof.

0=6

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

]mgkomk dis tc kxpiof. Vdkrk‗s octdgoe wrcoe wgtd tdk smgkotgngm bktdcf< tdk prc`akb gs tdk gfki tdit tdkrk‗s tdgs cok ncrb cn rkiagty, tdgs bitkrgia wcraf, iof tdit‗s tdk coay ncrb cn rkiagty. G tdgol wdit cok akiros nrcb iaa cn tdksk bystgmia kxpkrgkomks pkcpak irk tialgoe i`cut gs tdit tdkrk irk ctdkr akvkas cn rkiagty. ]cbkdcw tdit dis tc `k immcbbcfitkf wgtdgo i bcrk koagedtkokf smgkotgngm wcrafvgkw. G pkrscoiaay aglk tdk vgkw cn tdk prgbimy cn mcosmgcusokss, tdk scrt cn Dgofu vgkw tdit tdkrk irk fgnnkrkot akvkas cn mcosmgcusokss‖ycu locw paioktiry, eiaimtgm‖iof tdit cok mio immkss fgnnkrkot gotkaagekomks< wk‗vk dkirf i act i`cut tdit go tdgs bkktgoe. @ut wdit gotrgeuks bk ocw gs tdk qukstgco: Udit gs tdk rkaitgcosdgp `ktwkko iaa tdksk fgnnkrkot typks cn mcosmgcusokss3 G bkio ncr kxibpak, wk‗vk dkirf dcw tdrcued FBV ycu mio immkss Iofrkw \EiaagbcrkR‗s bkmdiogmia `kgoes iof dcw tdrcued iyiduismi ycu mio fktkmt tdk paiot `kgoes iof tdko tdrcued bystgmia kxpkrgkomk ycu divk ctdkr akvkas cn ctdkrgsakvkas cn mcosmgcusokss, cn kxpkrgkomk, gotkaagekomk

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

tc @cdb, gn ycu just divk tdk gbpagmitk crfkr egvgoe tdk kxpagmitk crfkr, tdko ycu‗vk just rkgovkotkf Okcpaitcogsb‖ycu‗vk ect i lgof cn paitcogm rkiab tdit ncafs cut tc tdk pdkocbkoia wcraf. @ut wk agvk go io kvcautgcoiry uogvkrsk, iof gn tdk kxpagmitk crfkr mio bcfgny tdk gbpagmitk crfkr, tdko gt wcuaf divk i bkbcry, iof @cdb ifcptkf tdgs is pirt cn dgs tdkcry. ]c ycu‗vk ect tdk gfki tdit tdgoes tdit dippko mio gonaukomk tdk gbpagmitk crfkr `y egvgoe gt i lgof cn bkbcry. Vdk gbpagmitk crfkr tdko dis tdgs immubuaitgvk bkbcry iof mio imt ioywdkrk it ioy tgbk. Gn i rit akiros i okw trgml go Acofco, tdko gt mdioeks tdk gbpagmitk crfkr, iof sc wdko rits akiro i sgbgair trgml cr tdk sibk trgml scbkwdkrk kask, tdky akiro gt qugmlkr. ]c tdrcued bcfgnygoe dgs tdkcry cn quiotub pdysgms, dk irrgvkf it tdk sibk prkfgmtgcos is G bilk co tdk `isgs cn bcrpdgm rkscoiomk. Ocw, @kroirf \MirrR dis i buatgfgbkosgcoia tdkcry cn pdysgms tdit bgedt iasc `k ioctdkr wiy cn bippgoe tdgs cotc i pdysgmia bcfka. Iof tdkrk irk prc`i`ay ctdkr wiys cn fcgoe gt . . . A ]

A

: Udc gs tdk tdkcrgst3 : @kroirf Mirr.

A

: Dk‗s sit `kdgof ycu.

A

: Cd cliy!

\Iufgkomk aiuedtkr. Augs turos ircuof iof @kroirf wivks dkaac.R ]

: @kroirf Mirr gs i mcsbcacegst, `ut dk‗s `kko gotkrkstkf

go psymdgmia rkskirmd iof mcosmgcusokss rkskirmd ncr bioy ykirs iof dis tilko dgs cwo ifiptitgco cn wdit‗s ocw bigostrkib go pdysgms: buatgfgbkosgcoia rkiagty, supkrstrgoe tdkcry, iof B-tdkcry, wdgmd irk iaa buatgfgbkosgcoia. Go tdk 9708s cmmisgcoiaay pkcpak sigf, ‑wkaa biy`k tdk bgof iof tdgoes aglk tkakpitdy govcavk io kxtri fgbkosgco,‒ iof kvkrycok ect tkrrg`ay upskt it tdk gfki cn io kxtri fgbkosgco. Kxtri fgbkosgcos mcbk mdkip ocwifiys< pdysgms gs nuaa cn tdkb! \Iufgkomk aiuedtkr.R

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

N

0=5

: G ib islgoe gn quiotub gs govcavkf: Gs gt pcssg`ak tdit nuturk

di`gts bcrpd prkskot di`gts3 ] N

: Wcu bkio io gonaukomk nrcb tdk nuturk3 : @isgmiaay, yks, scbk nuturk gonaukomk. G‗b tdgolgoe dcw tc

ivcgf Okcpaitcogsb. ]

: Cd wkaa G ivcgf Okcpaitcogsb `kmiusk Okcpaitcogsb

fckso‗t divk i bkbcry ycu skk, iof G tdgol tdit tdk prc`akb wgtd maissgmia Ukstkro pdgacscpdy iof tdk prc`akb wgtd smgkomk‖`kmiusk gt‗s sc `iskf co Erkkl pdgacscpdy‖gs tdit gt‗s oct kvcautgcoiry. Vdk Xaitcogm wcraf cn gfkis, cr tdk Xytdiecrkio wcraf cn bitdkbitgmia ncrbs, gs io ktkroia wcraf `kycof spimk iof tgbk tdit fckso‗t kvcavk. Go tdk kgedtkkotd iof ogoktkkotd mkotury bcst pdysgmgsts tdcuedt tdk uogvkrsk wis bifk up cn ktkroia bittkr iof kokrey iof ecvkrokf `y ktkroia aiws. ]gomk 97>>, wk‗vk dif io kvcautgcoiry mcsbcacey. Vdk wdcak uogvkrsk kvcavks, stirtgoe akss tdio tdk sgzk cn tdk dkif cn i pgo iof `gaagcos cn fkerkks mkotgerifk, iof gt‗s `kko ercwgoe kvkr sgomk. @ut tdky stgaa tdgol iaa tdk aiws cn oiturk wkrk mcbpaktkay ngxkf it tdk bcbkot cn tdk @ge @ioe. Vdit‗s i dioecvkr nrcb tdk Xaitcogm mcsbcacey. Udko G sueekst tdit tdksk biy oct `k ngxkf aiws `ut irk go nimt di`gts, tdko tdgs mcbks up ieigost i fcebi iof tdky siy, ‑oc ycu mio‗t siy tdit `kmiusk tdk aiws cn oiturk irk ngxkf,‒ ‑wdy3,‒ ‑wkaa `kmiusk tdky irk.‒ gotcuogvkrsk3‒ tkrrg`ak prc`akbs: ‑wdytdky irk siy tdkytdkrk ngxkfdis just rgedtIof ncr tdko us tc tdky kxgst ekt go tdgs Vdko kgtdkr tc `k io gotkaagekot fksgeokr, i okcfkgstgm vgkw, cr ycu divk tc divk i buatgvkrsk, wdgmd gs trgaagcos cn uogvkrsks, tc kxpaigo dcw wk‗rk go tdgs cok< wk just dippko tc `k go tdk cok tdit‗s rgedt ncr us, `ut iaa tdk ctdkrs imtuiaay kxgst. @kroirf Mirr gs it tdk mkotkr cn tdgs< dk‗s kfgtkf tdk bigo `ccl miaakf [ogvkrsk cr Buatgvkrsk3 . Dk locws bumd bcrk i`cut tdgs fk`itk tdio G fc.

0=4

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

G tdgol gn ycu frcp tdk gfki tdit iaa tdk aiws irk ngxkf, i act cn tdgs fgsmussgco ecks iwiy, `kmiusk gn tdk di`gts cn oiturk mio kvcavk, tdko tdky fco‗t iaa divk tc `k ngxkf rgedt it tdk `kegoogoe iof ycu fco‗t divk tdk qukstgco cn wdy irk tdky is tdky irk it tdk `kegoogoe. @ut G tdgol tdk Xaitcogm uogvkrsk gs cok tdit fckso‗t kvcavk. Uk agvk go i uogvkrsk tdit fcks kvcavk, iof Ukstkro tdcuedt, tdk `isgs cn cur tdgolgoe, dis io kvcautgcoiry pirt. Vdk Jufkc-Mdrgstgio pirt cn cur dgstcry gs iaa i`cut fkvkacpbkotia prcmkssks go tgbk. Vdk prctctypgm jcuroky gs wdko tdk pkcpak cn Gsrika ekt cut cn Keypt tdrcued tdk wgafkrokss tc tdk Xrcbgskf Aiof. Vdk prgbiry bktipdcr gs i jcuroky, iof dgstcry gs i jcuroky. Vdk skmuairgzkf vkrsgco cn tdit gs prcerkss, iof wk‗vk mcovkrtkf tdk wdcak wcraf tc gt `ut gt mcbks cut cn JufkcMdrgstgio rccts. Vdk gfki cn tgbkakss crfkr mcbks nrcb Erkkl rccts, iof tdit dis dif i strcoekr gonaukomk co pdysgms. Vdit‗s wdy G tdgol wk divk tdgs pirtgmuair prc`akb, wdyusioy kvcautgcoiry tdkcry wgtd tdk gfki cn di`gts iof bkbcryiof iaacws tc divk ncrbs tdit irk oct Xaitcogm ncrbs `kmiusk tdky‗rk kvcavgoe ncrbs, iof tdky mio kvcavk iacoe wgtd tdk mcsbcs. Vdit‗s wdy G tdgol wk okkf io kvcautgcoiry mcomkptgco cn oituria crfkr is cppcskf tc i ngxkf Xaitcogm cok. K

F

: Vdgs gs i sdirpkr iof bcrk tdkcacegmia vkrsgco cn

@kroirf \MirrR‗s qukstgco i`cut kotgtgks iof dgkrirmdy, iof gt tilks tdk ncrb cn tdk ncaacwgoe: Gt skkbs tc bk tdit cok cn tdk sgeogngmiot fgnnkrkomks `ktwkko Mdrgstgio okc-crtdcfcx tdkcacey iof, akt‗s siy, i Dgofu bcfka gs tdit go tdk Dgofu bcfka ycu fc oct rkiaay divk ioytdgoe tdit gs kqugviakot tc i ]itiogm prgomgpak. @ctd tdrcued tdk bkmdiogsb cn rkgomiroitgco is i mymak cn bcvgoe tdrcued lirbi iof tdrcued tdk kbpdisgs co ocofuiagsb, ycu ivcgf tdk prc`akb cn kvga go i mkrtigo wiy. Ugtdcut ekttgoe gotc tdk gotrgmimgks, G‗b gotkrkstkf go pirtgmuair wdko ycu tial i`cut rkifgoe psymdkfkagms nrcb i pkrspkmtgvk cn i fgvgok bgof, dcw fc ycu rkspcof3 Iof, wdit fc wk fc bcrk ekokriaay wgtd tdk nimt tdit tdkrk irk dkaagsd kxpkrgkomks iof

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

0=7

tdit tdkrk irk fkbcogm fgbkosgcos tdit pkcpak tuok go tc3 G tdgol ycu wkrk oct dkrk tdk ngrst fiy, fgf ycu skk Eridib‗s tial3 : Wks.

] F

: ]c tdkrk‗s tdgs wdcak pcp-muaturk, Acvkmrintgio dcrrcr sdcw

tdit‗s go pcpuair psymdkfkagm muaturk tdit pkcpak kojcy iof irk tuogoe gotc is pirt, scbktgbks, cn i spgrgtuia pitd wdkrk tdky mio mconrcot iof bcvk tdrcued tdk fkbcos, scbktgbks go bcrk scrt cn i ‑wcw tdit‗s wkgrf bio!‒ lgof cn acw-`rcw, pcp-muaturk wiy. @ut G‗b just murgcus, nrcb ycur pkrspkmtgvk, skkgoe tdgs komdiotkf uogvkrsk nrcb i tdkcacegmia pcgot cn vgkw, nrcb ycur Mdrgstgio pcgot cn vgkw, dcw fc ycu fkia wgtd tdkb< dcw fc ycu skk tdcsk kokregks3 ]

: Cd ecsd, just i agttak qukstgco it tdk kof cn tdk

bcrogoe! \Iufgkomk aiuedtkr.R Ukaa, ogedtbirks irk frkibs go wdgmd kotgtgks irk usuiaay mdisgoe cr trygoe tc fkvcur us. I stufy cn ogedtbirks cn mdgafrko go Okw Wcrl Mgty sdcwkf tdit tdk prgomgpak ogedtbirks irk tdk mdgafrko nkkagoe tdky‗rk `kgoe pursukf iof irk ecgoe tc `k fkvcurkf `y bcostkrs cr iogbias. Vdky‗rk oct i`cut rkiagstgm fioekrs aglk `kgoe ruo cvkr `y mirs, kvko tdcued oc Okw Wcrl mdgaf gs aglkay tc komcuotkr i prkfitcry wgaf iogbia. G tdgol tdit pirt cn tdk stunn cn ogedtbirks mcbks nrcb cur acoe pist cn `kgoe iogbias tdit wkrk prky iogbias ncr airek prkfitcrs. ]c tdk tdgoe i`cut i act cn dcrrcr ngabs gs tdkrk‗s tdksk vibpgrks, tdksk bcostkrs, tdit irk ecgoe tc ekt ycu, kit ycu, iof fkvcur ycu. ]c G tdgol pirt cn tdit kakbkot gs oct sc bumd kvga is i lgof cn bcrpdgmrkscoiomk bkbcry cn rkiagstgm frkibs cn `kgoe kitko `y tgekrs. It tdk `kegoogoe cn tdk twkotgktd mkotury, kvkry ykir tdcusiofs cn pkcpak wkrk lgaakf `y tgekrs go Gofgi. Vdgs gs oct scbktdgoe tdit nir iwiy. G tdgol pirt cn gt gs tdit< G fco‗t tdgol tdit‗s kvga. G tdgol tdk gfki cn

068

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

pkcpak wdc irk uttkray kvga, tdk gfki tdit tdkrk irk tdksk tctiaay kvga ncrmks, gs io ib`geugty go bcst trifgtgcos. Mkrtigoay go tdk Mdrgstgio trifgtgco tdkrk‗s io ib`geugty i`cut wdktdkr kvga gs io iutcocbcus ncrmk, iof gn sc tdko dcw fcks gt crgegoitk< cr is Iqugois tdcuedt cn gt, gs kvga i prgvitgco cn tdk eccf3 Ncr kxibpak, Iqugois‗ fgsmussgco cn tdk niaa cn ioekas gs vkry gotkrkstgoe: go tdk dgkrirmdy cn ioekas tdkrk irk ogok akvkas< tdk tcp akvka gs skripdgb, mdkru`gb, iof tdrcoks‖aglk mcsbgm irmdktypks. Vdk skripdgb irk tdk ioekas cn fgvgok acvk, tdk tdrcoks irk tdk ioekas cn fgvgok prkskomk, iof tdk mdkru`gb irk tdk ioekas cn fgvgok locwakfek. Gt‗s coay tdk mdkru`gb tdit mcuaf niaa. Io ioeka tdit gs go tdk prkskomk cn tdk fgvgok mcuafo‗t niaa nrcb erimk `kmiusk gt‗s mcostiotay go fgvgok prkskomk. Io ioeka tdit‗s `urogoe wgtd fgvgok acvk mio‗t niaa `kmiusk gt‗s iaa i`cut acvk, `ut tdk ioeka cn locwakfek mio niaa `kmiusk locwakfek mio `k pkrvkrtkf iof `kmcbk i scurmk cn prgfk. ]c fksgrk tdk niaatccn`kmcbk ]itio gsiutcocbcus oct `kmiuskiof locwakfek gs `k `if,pirt `utcn`kmiusk cn tdk oc acoekr tdk mcsbgm crfkr. ]c tdk gfki go Iqugois tdit G ngof tdk bcst sitgsnimtcry rkiaay, gs tdit kvga pkcpak irk oct kvga usuiaay `kmiusk tdky wiot tc `k kvga, `ut `kmiusk tdky tdgol tdky irk fcgoe eccf. G bkio Dgtakr tdcuedt dk wis fcgoe eccf ncr tdk Ekrbios ncr kxibpak. Dk fgfo‗t siy, ‑G‗b ecgoe tc wrkml by mcuotry iof G ditk Ekrbioy‒‖oc, `ut dk dif i agbgtkf mcomkptgco cn wdc dk sdcuaf fc eccf ncr. Udit i`cut skxuia prkfitcrs3 ]kx gtskan gs oct `if, iof tdk frgvk tcwirf creisb iof pakisurk gs pirt cn cur iogbia oiturk. @ut gn tc sitgsny tdit govcavks lgaagoe pkcpak `kmiusk gt bilks tdk prkfitcrs bcrk tdrgaakf tc lgaa pkcpak go tdk prcmkss cn divgoe skx wgtd tdkb, tdko tdit `kmcbks kvga `kmiusk gt‗s i ncrb cn prkfitgco, wdkrk tdkgr oituriaay eccf fksgrks `kmcbk i agbgtkf eccf wdkrk tdky‗rk oc acoekr i`cut ioycok kask‗s eccf just tdkgr cwo. G ngof tdit i bcrk paiusg`ak wiy. G tdgol tdk lgof cn ectdgm dcrrcr sgfk cn tdksk kvga ncrmks pkrdips kxgst, `ut G tdgol tdky‗rk bcrk i prc`akb cn gbiegoitgco iof niotisy tdio cn ioytdgoe kask. Cn mcursk,

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry

069

psymdkfkagm stitks akof tdkbskavks tc tdk mrkitgco cn niotistgmia gbiekry, iof gn cok wkot gotc i psymdkfkagm stitk kxpkmtgoe tc skk bcostkrs, iof gn cok dif i scagf fgkt cn dcrrcr ngabs, G gbiegok tdit ogedtbirgsd smkoirgcs wcuaf `kmcbk qugtk mcbbco. Aumlgay G‗vk okvkr dif tdit lgof byskan. G divk dif ogedtbirgsd kxpkrgkomks, `if trgps, scbktgbks, `ut tdky divko‗t fcbgoitkf tdk wdcak tdgoe, iof usuiaay G priy `kncrk G ec gotc tdksk kxpkrgkomks iof G priy furgoe tdkb tcc, ncr eugfiomk iof dkap, iof G ngof tdit rkiaay wcrls. A

: G‗f aglk tc friw gt tc i macsk tdkrk iof tdiol Pupkrt ncr i

wcofkrnua prkskotitgco.

MDIXVKP 7

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof Xiriaaka Fgbkosgcos E PIDIB DIOMCML

G locw gt‗s `crgoe tc dkir ctdkr pkcpak‗s trgp rkpcrts‖`ut mio G `kego wgtd i sdcrt trgp rkpcrt3 Vdgs dippkokf co i nrgkof‗s riomd. G divk dif acts cn ibizgoe FBV kxpkrgkomks, wcofkrnua, acvkay, dkiagoe kxpkrgkomks, sc wdko G wkot `iml tdkrk‖just prgcr tc naygoe fcwo tc @rizga tc Augs Kfuirfc Auoi‗s rktrkit it Uisgwisli‖G wis kxpkmtgoe tdit by FBV kxpkrgkomk wcuaf `k tdk sibk acvgoe, dkiagoe, `kiutgnua kxpkrgkomk tdit G‗f dif `kncrk. @ut gt wiso‗t iof G just wiot tc rkif tdgs tc ycu: Udko G ncuof byskan `iml it tdk sibk acmitgco G nkat rkaixkf iof wkamcbkf wdit G kxpkmtkf wcuaf `k ioctdkr pakisiot dkiagoe kxmursgco tc tdk FBV rkiabs. G mkrtigoay dif oc kxpkmtitgco tdit ioytdgoe pirtgmuairay fgstur`goe cr tkrrgnygoe wcuaf dippko tc bk. Vurokf cut G wis wrcoe. Is scco is G tccl by ngrst acoe friw G dif tdk uoskttagoe nkkagoe tdit scbktdgoe gotkaagekot iof oct okmkssirgay nrgkofay dif akipt 060

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof

Xiriaaka Fgbkosgcos

gotc by dkif nrcb tdk spdkrgmia eaiss pgpk. G dkaf go tdk sbclk is acoe is G mcuaf, tdko tccl ioctdkr acoe friw. @y ocw tdkrk wis i mrimlagoe, `uzzgoe scuof go by kirs iof G nkat uttkray cvkrwdkabkf iof dif tc agk `iml it comk. G iawiys agk `iml, oc wiy mio G stiy sgttgoe up! Gbbkfgitkay tdgoes wkrk vkry fgnnkrkot, tdcued wgtd scbk sgbgairgtgks nrcb iaa by prkvgcus sbclkf FBV kxpkrgkomks. Vdk ngrst tdgoe G siw wis scbktdgoe aglk i biofiai wgtd io gvcry `imlercuof iof gotrgmitk `rgml-rkf ekcbktrgm agoks‖aglk trimls‖ gosgfk gt. @ktwkko tdk agoks, cr trimls, gbpcskf co tdk gvcry `imlercuof wkrk i airek oub`kr cn macml nimks wgtd wkgrf diofs. G‗vk skko scbktdgoe aglk tdgs `kncrk, oct uofkr sbclkf FBV, `ut uofkr i vkry strcoe fcsk cn iyiduismi. Gt tkrrgngkf bk tdko, fco‗t locw wdy, iof gt prcmkkfkf tc tkrrgny bk ieigo. Vdko G rkiagzkf tdit tdk biofiai‖coay io ipprcxgbitgco, tdkrk wis scbktdgoe vkry aglk mcbputkr mgrmugtry i`cut gt is wkaa, cr kvko aglk cok cn tdcsk tcy rimkmir trimls wdkrk agttak kakmtrgm mirs wdg zz rcuof iof rcuof‖wis skotgkot iof ncmuskf co bk. G ect i dgot cn kyks cr nkkakrs. Vdkrk wis scbktdgoe vkry bkoimgoe i`cut tdk wdcak smkok, iof G `keio tc nkka uomcbncrti`ak iof rkstakss go by `cfy iof dif kocued cn by kvkryfiy mcosmgcusokss aknt it tdit pcgot tc wgsd prcncuofay tdit G difo‗t sbclkf tdk pgpk, iof nkat byskan strueeagoe‖uskakssay cn mcursk‖ieigost tdk knnkmt. Vdko G dkirf io cbgocus vcgmk, ngaakf wgtd i scrt cn biagmgcus eakk, tdit sigf vkry makiray ‑WC[‗PK C[P] OCU.‒ Iof G tdcuedt, sdgt, yks, G ib ycurs ocw, oct bumd G mio fc i`cut gt, `ut gt‗s coay ncr i`cut tko bcrk bgoutks iof tdko G‗b cut cn dkrk. ]gomk gt wis pcgotakss tc strueeak G rksgeokf byskan tc tdk sgtuitgco iof tdcuedt, CL tdko, ekt co wgtd gt, iof gbbkfgitkay tdk biofiai/gotkaagekomk iof acts cn gts agttak dkapkrs (wdc G nkat `ut miooct fksmrg`k) wkrk iaa cvkr bk. G dif tdk skosk tdit by `cfy wis i duek, nit, `acitkf mcmcco iof tdit tdksk `kgoes wkrk tkirgoe gt ipirt, tkirgoe cnn aubps cn bittkr iof tdrcwgoe tdkb isgfk, ekttgoe immkss tc tdk rkia, dgffko bk. G wis iwirk tdit tdgs wis i paimk cn

06=

066

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

i`scautk trutd, aglk tdk Diaa cn Biit go tdk iomgkot Keyptgio trifgtgco, iof tdit kvkrytdgoe i`cut bk wis locwo dkrk, kvkry tdcuedt, kvkry imtgco, eccf iof `if, tdrcuedcut tdk wdcak cn by agnk‖iof tdk skosk tdit tdk rkia dgffko bk wgtdgo tdk mcmcco wis uttkray triospirkot tc tdksk `kgoes iof tdit tdky wkrk ngofgoe bk wiotgoe. I`cut is nir nrcb `kgoe ‑justgngkf go tdk jufekbkot‒‖is tdk Keyptgio tkxts put gt‖is gt gs pcssg`ak tc `k iof tdit tdkrkncrk G bgedt nimk ioogdgaitgco dkrk. Iof G dkirf scbktdgoe aglk i trubpkt `aist iof i acuf vcgmk tdit ioocuomkf, is tdcued tdgs wkrk i prcmaibitgco it mcurt: ‑OCU VDK EPKIV [ONCAFGOE UGAA @KEGO.‒ Cr pcssg`ay: ‑OCU VDK EPKIV VPIO]NCPBIVGCO UGAA @KEGO.‒ Vdgs wis tdk pcgot wdkrk G acst mcosmgcusokss cn tdk bitkrgia rkiab mcbpaktkay, iof gofkkf cn kvkrytdgoe kask. Nkkagoe uttkray dkapakss, uttkray go tdk pcwkr cn wditkvkr prcmkss G wis ecgoe tdrcued iof cn tdk gotkaagekomk tdit wis ruoogoe gt, G nkaa gotc i firlokss tdit skkbkf tc aist ncrkvkr. G divk oc mcosmgcus rkmcaakmtgco cn wdit dippkokf tc bk go tdkrk, coay tdk mcovgmtgco tdit gt wis scbktdgoe bissgvk. Udko G `keio tc mcbk cut cn gt tdkrk wkrk scbk bcbkots‖tdcued tdgs nkat bumd acoekr tdio bcbkots‖wdko G wis fkkpay mconuskf iof fgscrgkotkf iof dif i`scautkay oc gfki wdkrk G wis cr wdy G wis tdkrk. G mcuaf skk tdk rccb ircuof bk `ut fgfo‗t rkmceogzk gt, fgfo‗t kvko locw gt wis i rccb it ngrst, cr kvko wdit i rccb gs, iof gt lkpt bkatgoe `iml gotc tdit ctdkr tkrrgnygoe rkiagty cut cn wdgmd G wis kbkregoe. Vdgs dis okvkr dippkokf tc bk wgtd FBV `kncrk‖G‗vk iawiys locwo, kvko go tdk fkptds cn tdk kxpkrgkomk, tdit G wis divgoe tdit kxpkrgkomk `kmiusk G dif sbclkf i pgpk cn FBV iof by `cfy wis go i spkmgngm paimk, wdgmd G fgf oct ncrekt, it i spkmgngm tgbk. Vdgs wis mcbpaktkay fgnnkrkot iof vkry, vkry smiry. Erifuiaay by kyks `keio tc ncmus. G rkbkb`krkf G dif sbclkf FBV. G acclkf ircuof iof siw ]iotdi \NiggiR sgttgoe co tdk kfek cn tdk `kf, vkry miab iof gomrkfg`ay strcoe. G wis gbbkrskf go i wgaf bkatgoe stcrb cn mcacrs iof tdk coay makir surk tdgoe go tdk wdcak

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof

Xiriaaka Fgbkosgcos

06;

paimk ncr bk wis ]iotdi, wgtd dkr ibizgoe strkoetd iof `kiuty, iof agoks cn agedt kbkregoe nrcb dkr `cfy iof rgsgoe up cut cn dkr iof surrcuofgoe dkr. G rkbkb`kr niaagoe tc by lokks co tdk naccr go nrcot cn dkr iof tkaagoe dkr ‑G ncuof ycu ieigo‒ cr scbktdgoe sumd. G dif tdk skosk tdit G dif locwo dkr go i pist agnk iof dif ncuof dkr ieigo go tdgs cok. Iof G iasc tcaf dkr tdit sdk gs i ecffkss. G nkat sdilko, `ut `isgmiaay dippy tc `k `iml co paiokt ocrbia. G wis i`ak tc wgtokss tdk skssgcos cn skvkria ctdkr pirtgmgpiots wgtdcut imtuiaay niaagoe ipirt cr bkatgoe fcwo.

Intkr tdit, ]iotdi iof G nakw tc @rizga, iof tdkrk G dif ngvk skssgcos cn iyiduismi wgtd Augs Kfuirfc \AuoiR. Furgoe tdcsk ngvk skssgcos cn iyiduismi G dif kxpkrgkomks tdit wkrk kxtrkbkay pcwkrnua. Vdk okt knnkmt wis tdit gt stcppkf bk usgoe miooi`gs mcbpaktkay ncr tdrkk ykirs. G‗f `kko usgoe gt iaa fiy acoe ncr fkmifks, `ut suffkoay G just stcppkf mcbpaktkay< sc,go tdkrk wis i triosncrbitgco cn icnlgof. G ib miooi`gs ieigo ocw, sbiaa quiotgtgks go tdk ncrb io cga, `utusgoe gt fkngogtkay gotkrvkokf iof mdioekf io ispkmt cn by agnk. Vdgs prkskotitgco wgaa `rcifay mcvkr tdk bitkrgia G kxpacrkf go ]upkroituria iof wdgmd G iof ctdkrs divk kxpacrkf go cur okw `ccl Vdk Fgvgok ]pirl. Iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss, cr triomk stitks, irk tdk uogvkrsia nkiturk tdit‗s mcbbco tc iaa sdibiogsb, wdktdkr go tdk rkbctk pist cr tcfiy. Go tdksk iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss, gt‗s vkry mcbbco ncr sdibios tc rkpcrt komcuotkrs wgtd gotkaagekot supkroituria kotgtgks, wdgmd tdky usuiaay mcostruk is spgrgts. Vdk spgrgts tdit sdibios komcuotkr mio scbktgbks tilk dubio ncrb, mio scbktgbks ippkir is io iogbia-dubio dy`rgf locwo is i tdkrgiotdrcpk cr tdky mio tilk tdk ncrb cn spgrgt iogbias. ]dibios cn iaa muaturks rkpcrt tdit tdky tdkbskavks triosncrb gotc iogbias, cr tdkrgiotdrcpks, furgoe tdkgr triomk jcurokys go tdk spgrgt wcraf. Bioy cn tdk kxpkrgkomks tdit sdibios rkpcrt wgtd spgrgts irk vkry sgbgair‖it tdk pdkocbkocacegmia akvka‖wgtd komcuotkrs wgtd iagkos rkpcrtkf `y tkos cn tdcusiofs cn pkcpak go tdk Ukst wdc `kagkvk tdky‗vk

06>

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

`kko i`fumtkf `y [NCs, iof ykt suppcskfay tdk fcbigos cn spgrgts iof iagkos irk mcbpaktkay skpiritk. Go iyiduismi pigotgoes tdksk fiys, sdibios tdkbskavks vkry nrkqukotay fkpgmt [NCs iof iagkos, egvgoe i skosk cn i mcookmtgco wgtd i wgfkr iof bcrk bystkrgcus mcsbcs. ]umd gs tdk misk wgtd kxibpaks nrcb Xi`ac Ibirgoec: i naygoe siumkr tdkrk, iagkoaglk `kgoes, iof tdkrk i dubio-dkifkf skrpkot. Gn wk wiot i fiti`isk co tdk pdkocbkocacey cn sdibiogsb, Bgrmki Kagifk gs is eccf i paimk tc stirt is ioy, iof gn wk wiot i fiti`isk co tdk pdkocbkocacey cn [NC i`fumtgco kxpkrgkomks, tdk aitk Jcdo Biml aknt us wgtd i ni`uacus `cfy cn wcrl, i duek fcssgkr cn kxpkrgkomks, tdit mio `k friwo upco. Iof ctdkrs, aglk @uff Dcplgos iof Fivgf Jimc`s, divk mcotrg`utkf tc tdit fcssgkr cn [NC i`fumtkks. Vdksk twc ippirkotay vkry fgnnkrkot fcbigos turo cut tc divk i act go mcbbco. Vdk spgrgts tdit sdibios bcst nrkqukotay komcuotkr ngrst ippkir is iogbias, `grfs, ngsd, cr is tdkrgiotdrcpks. Jcdo Biml subbkf up: ‑tdk iagkos tc ippkir tc `k is mcosubbitk sdipk sdgntkrs, cntkotdit ippkirgoe gogtgiaay i`fumtkks iogbias: cwas, kieaks, rimccos, iof fkkr irk ibcoe tdk mrkiturks tdk i`fumtkks divk skko gogtgiaay.‒ Iof dkrk irk scbk kxibpaks nrcb ^gregogi Dcrtco, i [NC i`fumtkk. ]dk‗s tialkf wgtd io gotkaagekot erky fkkr tdit sdk nkkas dis i pkrsco gosgfk gt. Ioctdkr i`fumtkk rkpcrts skkgoe i fkkr tdrcued dkr wgofcw just `kncrk sdk wis i`fumtkf. Ioctdkr skks i wcan stiofgoe squirkay co dkr `kf. ]dibios rcutgokay rkpcrt `kgoe nacitkf up gotc tdk sly, cr magb`goe up co i rcpk cn agedt, cr `kgoe friwo up go i tdrkif cn agedt, iof go tdk ]io rcml irt cn ]cutd Inrgmi ycu mio skk tdcsk tdkbks biognkstkf. I @usdbio sdibio nrcb @ctswioi siys, ‑G fiomk, wdko G kbkrek G ib iarkify magb`goe, G magb` tdk tdrkifs, G tilk tdkb iof magb` tdkb, tdko G ncaacw tdk tdrkif tc tdk wkaas, tdk coks G ib ecgoe tc kotkr, tdk tdrkif tc tdk wkaas cn bktia. Udko ycu ekt tc tdk wkaas ycu fuml `kokitd tdk pgkmks cn bktia.‒ Vdksk kxpkrgkomks, wdktdkr tdky `k magb`goe i tdrkif cn agedt cr `kgoe tilko up tc io c`jkmt go tdk sly, skkb tc `k ksskotgiaay tdk sibk

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof

Xiriaaka Fgbkosgcos

065

go tdk [NC i`fumtkk rkiab iof go tdk sdibiogm iof spgrgt rkiab, it tdk akvka cn pdkocbkocacey. ]dibios irk nrkqukotay i`fumtkf tc tdk sly, `ut tdky irk iasc i`fumtkf uofkrwitkr cr gotc mivks, iof ieigo tdit turos cut tc `k tdk misk wgtd [NC i`fumtkks. @ktty Idc fksmrg`ks `kgoe pauoekf gotc tdk ski, gotc duek mrystiaagok mivkros< Ngag`krtc Mirfkois gs tilko tc i `kimd iof tilko tc i tuooka `kokitd tdk ski< Miracs Fgiz skks, kvkotuiaay, i [NC go i mivk. Vdk piriaakas wgtd sdibiogstgm pdkocbkocacey irk qugtk gotrgeugoe, iof tdk bcst c`vgcus cok gs tdk sdibiogm crfkia‖tdk tcrturks iof pgkrmgoes tdit irk gonagmtkf co sdibios `y spgrgts is pirt cn tdkgr gogtgitgco, gomaufgoe tdk goskrtgco cn c`jkmts gotc tdkgr `cfgks. Iaa lgofs cn immcuots nrcb iaa cvkr tdk wcraf tkaa cn `gzirrk suregmia prcmkfurks go tdk diofs cn spgrgts wdc gbpaiot virgcus c`jkmts gotc pkcpak. Vdgs gs i`scautkay tdk bcst mcbbco, wgfkay locwo ispkmt cn tdk [NC i`fumtgco kxpkrgkomks, wdgmd gs tdit tdk i`fumtkk kxpkrgkomks surekry it tdk]iofri diofs Airsco, cn tdk iagkos. Vdkrk irk murgcus `ktwkko tdksk fcbigos. i [NC i`fumtkk, tkaas uspiriaakas tdit `kgoes rkbcvkf dkr `rigo iof skt gt fcwo `ksgfk dkr< wdgak i Wildut sdibio spkils cn tdk spgrgts‖tdk spgrgts mut cnn dgs dkif iof skt gt isgfk. @cok-mcuotgoe kxpkrgkomks cmmur go `ctd fcbigos< gt‗s ieigo vkry sgbgair pdkocbkocacey. ]dibios cn mcursk cntko rkpcrt divgoe skx wgtd spgrgts iof nrkqukotay divk dy`rgf cnnsprgoe go tdk spgrgt rkiab, iof tdit ieigo gs gfkotgmia it i pdkocbkocacegmia akvka wgtd tdk [NC i`fumtkk kxpkrgkomk `kmiusk [NC i`fumtkks irk nrkqukotay divgoe skx wgtd iagkos, divk acvkrs go tdk iagko rkiab, iof divk dy`rgf mdgafrko tdkrk. Go Iakx Erky‗s pigotgoe nrcb tdk nrcot cn Pgml ]trissbio‗s wcofkrnua `ccl Vdk ]pgrgt Bcakmuak, wk mio skk tdit kyks irk i mcostiot tdkbk cn tdk FBV kxpkrgkomk. Iof murgcusay, go tdk twkantd mkotury Pupkrts`kre Mcfkx, wk skk kyks go tdk sly, kvko go i sgbgair fgibcof sdipk tc tdk friwgoe nrcb tdk Misd-Aiofrub [NC sgedtgoe go tdk 97>8s. Nurtdkr, go tdk Pupkrts`kre gbiek, tdkrk‗s tdgs murgcus ub`gagmia mcbgoe fcwo nrcb tdk fgibcof-sdipkf c`jkmt go tdk sly‖gt bust `k go tdk sly `kmiusk tdkrk irk stirs‖tdit turos cut tc `k mcookmtkf tc i nktus go tdk wcb`

064

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

cn i wcbio< iof tdko cffay kocued tdkrk‗s i agttak kan, cr gbp, go tdk pgmturk, iof wdit gs dk dcafgoe, `ut i busdrccb. G wcofkr wdit tdit busdrccb mcotigokf. Gn wk accl it i 9598 pigotgoe cn tdk `iptgsb cn Mdrgst, wdit tdk dkaa gs ecgoe co dkrk3 Vdkrk‗s i naygoe siumkr go i pigotgoe nrcb 9598! Gt‗s rkiaay `gzirrk. Wcu mio skk bystkrgcus `ccls, i skosk cn bgssgco, iof dkiagoe pcwkrs go tdk gbiek. ]dibios irk cntko, gt turos cut gn ycu rkif tdk agtkriturk, egvko `ccls `y spgrgts. Birgi ]i`goi wis egvko i `ccl. ]dk sigf sdk akirokf bioy tdgoes nrcb gt‖‑gt dkapkf pkcpak wdc okkf dkap iof tc locw tdk skmrkts cn tdk wcraf wdkrk kvkrytdgoe gs locwo‒‖`ut sdk wiso‗t iaacwkf tc lkkp tdk `ccl< gt rkbigokf go tdk sly. ]ibk tdgoe dippkokf tc @ktty Dgaa. ]dk wis egvko i airek `ccl `y tdk iagkos, `ut tdky rkmaigbkf gt `kncrk sdk aknt tdk sdgp. @ktty Iofrkissco wis egvko i sbiaa `auk `ccl wgtd ncrty aubgocus pieks, `ut gt scco intkrwirf fgsippkirkf. @ctd sdibios iof [NC i`fumtkks tkof tc divk i skosk cn bgssgco, cn `kgoe wgtdtdk fkkp locwakfek, iof wgtd dkiagoe tdit tdky okkfkotrustkf tc sdirk wgtd rkst cn tdk dubio rimk it scbk pcwkrs pcgot. Udit i`cut nigrgks iof kavks, iof wdy fc tdky divk sc bumd go mcbbco wgtd iagkos iof spgrgts3 Cn mcursk tdk ec-tc `ccl co tdgs su`jkmt gs Jiquks ^iaakk‗s Xisspcrt tc Biecogi, wdgmd gs, G tdgol, tdk ngrst `ccl tdit rkiaay kxpacrkf tdk pdkocbkocacegmia sgbgairgty `ktwkko nigrgks iof iagkos. Vdit `ccl wis pu`agsdkf go 97>7. I act dis dippkokf go tdksk rkiabs sgomk tdko, iof go by `ccl ]upkroituria G upfitkf tdit fcssgkr cn mcbpirgoe tdksk suppcskfay fgnnkrkot rkiabs. Nigrgks, just aglk spgrgts, just aglk iagkos, wkrk go tdk `usgokss cn i`fumtgoe pkcpak. Vdky wkrk rkocwokf iof nkirkf ncr tdit. Vdkrk irk kkrgk immcuots cn pkcpak skkgoe nigrgks fiomgoe go i rgoe tdit tdky nkka mcbpkaakf tc ipprcimd, `ut gn tdky tcumd tdit rgoe cn fiomgoe nigrgks, tdky‗aa `k suffkoay triospcrtkf tc ioctdkr wcraf. Vdkrk irk nrkqukot rkpcrts cn gofgvgfuias wdc nkka tdky divk spkot tdrkk cr ncur dcurs go nigryaiof, `ut wdko tdky mcbk `iml, tdrkk cr ncur duofrkf ykirs divk pisskf iof tdky‗vk rkturokf tc io uttkray triosncrbkf wcraf. Vdit‗s i `gt aglk tdk bgssgoe-tgbk pdkocbkoco go [NC

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof Xir iaaka Fgbkosgcos

067

i`fumtgcos, kxmkpt go tdit misk gt‗s usuiaay coay tdrkk cr ncur dcurs go tdgs rkiab tdit divk `kko acst, oct tdrkk cr ncur mkoturgks. Gt‗s iabcst is gn tdk tkmdocacey dis ecttko `kttkr. Vdgs wdgragoe mgrmuair oiturk cn tdk nigry fiomk rkbgofs bk i agttak `gt cn naygoe siumkrs, imtuiaay. Biy`k tdkrk irk ctdkr rkiabs, iof kvcautgco gs tilgoe paimk go tdcsk, iof biy`k tdk tkmdocacey ncr mrcssgoe fgbkosgcoia spimk dis mdioekf< gt wis i fiomk, ocw gt‗s i naygoe siumkr. Nigrgks mcuaf `k mruka< tdky tcrturkf iof durt dubio `kgoes. Vdky mcuaf `k lgof< tdky eivk egnts tc pkcpak iof dkiagoe pcwkrs‖ieigo tdk piriaakas wgtd spgrgts iof iagkos. Nigrgks dif tdk pcwkr cn nagedt‖tdky bifk usk cn ikrgia vkdgmaks, naygoe `cits, naygoe mistaks, naygoe mirrgieks, ktmktkri‖iof nigrgks cntko iasc i`fumt pkcpak uofkrercuof, gotc tdk dcaacw mivks `kokitd tdk kirtd. Go cok maissgm nigry pgmturk ycu mio skk i fccr go tdk sgfk cn tdk dcaacw dgaas, nigrgks fiomgoe go i mgrmak, iof wdit accls suspgmgcusay aglk Ibiogti busmirgi go tdk ncrkercuof. Go wdc ioctdkr gbiek i tc ycuoe bio gs gotc `kgoenigryaiof, skfumkf `y ercuptdkrk‗s cn nigry bigfs irk skklgoe kotgmk dgb iofi ieigo scbktdgoe nuoeia fcwo tdkrk co tdk ercuof. Nigrgks iof kavks cntko ippkir go tdk ncrb cn iogbias cr pirt-iogbia pirt-dubio dy`rgfs. Go i ngntkkotd mkotury wccfmut nrcb Dcaaiof wk mio skk i ercup cn nigrgks fiomgoe go i mgrmak< tdky irk maissgm tdkrgiotdrcpks, pirt-iogbia pirtdubio go ncrb. I bkfgkvia nigry wis nkirkf `kmiusk sdk i`fumtkf dubio `i`gks, iof sdk wcuaf cntko tilk tdk ncrb cn i pirt-skrpkot pirt-dubio dy`rgf. Go skvkotkkotd mkotury ]mctaiof, tdkrk irk bioy rkpcrts cn wcbko `kgoe i`fumtkf tc oursk nigry `i`ks iof fksmrg`goe tdk paimk tdky irk tilko tc, iof tdgs gs kxtrkbkay sgbgair tc tdk rk-i`fumtgco cn [NC i`fumtkks wdc divk i dy`rgf cnnsprgoe go tdk iagko rkiab iof irk mcostiotay rk-i`fumtkf tc ourturk iof mirk ncr tdit cnnsprgoe. @isgmiaay by skosk gs tdit, is dubio `kgoes, wk miooct pkrmkgvk scbktdgoe wgtdcut gotkrprktgoe gt. Gotkrprktitgco gs `ugat gotc pkrmkptgco nrcb tdk ekt ec, iof cur pkrmkptgcos irk strumturkf `y tdk muaturk iof tdk scmgkty go wdgmd wk agvk. Udit G‗b sueekstgoe gs tdit tdksk tdrkk suppcskfay

0;8

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

fgnnkrkot fcbigos cn nigrgks, spgrgts, iof iagkos irk imtuiaay tdk sibk vkry iomgkot iof acoe-agvkf pdkocbkoco cn dubio kxpkrgkomk vgkwkf tdrcued fgnnkrkot muaturia spkmtimaks iof kxpkrgkomkf `y fgnnkrkot pkcpak go fgnnkrkot pkrgcfs cn dgstcry. ]c dcw nir mio wk trimk tdgs pdkocbkoco `iml3 Is i rkbgofkr cn scbk cn tdk mcbbco ncrbs go wdgmd iagkos, spgrgts, iof nigrgks iaa ippkir, gn wk accl it tdk cafkst survgvgoe mivk irt go tdk wcraf‖wkaa, gt‗s imtuiaay `kko surpisskf rkmkotay `y i pgkmk nrcb Gofcoksgi, `ut tdk irt nrcb Nubiok Mivk go Gtiay gs =;,888 ykirs caf‖ wk skk i dubio `cfy wgtd tdk dkif iof dcros cn scbk lgof cn iurcmd, prc`i`ay, cr scbk lgof cn iomkstcr cn mittak. Iof go tdk Dcdakostkgo]tifka Mivk go Ekrbioy, wk divk i agco bio, =0,888 ykirs caf, mirvkf nrcb bibbctd gvcry. Iof go tdk Mdiuvkt Mivk, wk divk tdk `gsco bio wdc gs rkpagmitkf ieigo iof ieigo. Vdksk `gsco-bio ngeurks mcotgouk tc ippkir go tdk pigotkf mivks ncr 98,888 ykirs cr bcrk. ]cbktgbks wk skk `gzirrk dy`rgfs, sumd is i mcb`goitgco cn i stie, io cwa, i wcan, cr dcrsk i dubio `kgoe, is tdk ‑Vdk ]crmkrkr.‒ Gt‗si go tdk iof Vrcgs Nrärks mivk go sumd Nriomk, iofcok gt‗s miaakf 95,888 ykirs caf. Vdksk ippkir tc `k tdk kiragkst kxprkssgcos cn sumd gfkis go dubio muaturk, sc wk divk tc isl curskavks, wdkrk fc tdky mcbk nrcb3 Udit wis tdk scurmk, wdit wis tdkgr gospgritgco3 Gn wk puaa `iml nrcb tdit Mdiuvkt gbiek wk‗aa skk tdit `gsco bio gs imtuiaay striffagoe i nkbiak ncrb wgtd i prcbgokot pu`gm trgioeak. Wkt tdgs nkbiak ncrb gs wkgrfay dkifakss, iof dkr rgedt irb gs triosncrbgoe gotc tdk dkif cn i agco. Vdgs gs makiray oct scbktdgoe tdit ycu skk cut co tdk paigos wdgak duotgoe eibk< ycu fco‗t skk pkcpak triosncrbgoe gotc `gsco cr agcos. Udit wk irk wgtokssgoe dkrk tdkrkncrk gs i bcbkot cn triosncrbitgco, sdipksdgntgoe, iof G wcuaf sueekst sumd kxpkrgkomks coay cmmur go fkkpay iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss. Ioctdkr kxibpak gs i pgkmk nrcb tdk Xkmd Bkrak mivk go Nriomk, wdgmd G‗vk dif tdk prgvgakek cn spkofgoe qugtk i `gt cn tgbk go nrcot cn, iof gt‗s rkiaay qugtk gotrgeugoe. Vdkrk‗s scbktdgoe ecgoe co go tdk sly dkrk ncr i stirt, i`cvk tdk ngeurk. Vdk ngeurk dis buatgpak pgkrmgoes. Gt‗s dubio go ncrb `ut accl it tdit dkif, tdcsk airek firl kyks. G fco‗t

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof

Xiriaaka Fgbkosgcos

0;9

tdgol gt‗s i `ge akip tc siy gt accls i act aglk cur gfkis cn iagko erkys tcfiy, `ut gt‗s tdkrk go i pigotkf mivk bcrk tdio 06,888 ykirs iec. Vdkrk irk ctdkrs, nrcb Iatibgri, go ]pigo, iof @krognia go Nriomk, iof irmdikcacegsts rkiaay just fco‗t locw wdit tdky irk. Vdky‗rk pittkros, `ut tdky accl i act aglk tdk naygoe siumkrs tdit Xi`ac Ibirgoec pigotkf nrcb dgs iyiduismi vgsgcos go tdk 9748s. Wcu mio mcbpirk tdksk iomgkot ngoekr trimks fcok co maiy, bcrk tdio 9;,888 ykirs iec, wgtd io gbiek friwo `y cok cn Jcdo Biml‗s pitgkots, i [NC i`fumtkk wdc tcaf Biml tdit tdgs gbiek wis prcjkmtkf gotc dkr vgsuia ngkaf kvkry tgbk sdk wis i`cut tc `k i`fumtkf. G wcuaf sueekst tdk sibk gospgritgco agks `kdgof `ctd gbieks, tdcued wgfkay skpiritkf go tgbk. Akt‗s kxpacrk tdk rkaitgcosdgp cn FBV iof psgacmy`go, tdcued G tdgol tdk prc`akb wgtd tdk [NC i`fumtkk ac``y gs tdit tdky tilk io kxtrkbkay outs iof `cats ipprcimd tc tdgs mcookmtgco. G divk ncuof tdit pkcpak wdc irk pissgcoitk ifvcmitks cn iagko mcotimt iof [NC i`fumtgcos tkof io tc `k bcrk kxtrkbkay bitkrgiagst kvko tdioC`vgcusay Pgmdirf Fiwlgos< tdky wiot kxmausgvkay bitkrgiagstgm gotkrprktitgco. tc tdkb, tdksk irk pdysgmia `kgoes aglk us wdc divk dged tkmdocacey aglk us iof irk mrcssgoe gotkrstkaair spimk go spimksdgps. Iof tc sueekst tdit gt bgedt divk ioytdgoe tc fc wgtd mcosmgcusokss imtuiaay rksuats go kxpacsgcos cn nury nrcb bkb`krs cn tdit ac``y‖wdgmd rkbgof bk i act cn tdk kxpacsgcos cn nury cn tdk bitkrgiagst nimtgco wgtdgo smgkomk. Vdkrk gs mivk irt trubpktkf is tdk kiragkst kvgfkomk ncr biegm busdrccb usk go Kurcpk, tdcuedt tc `k Xsgacmy`k dgspiogmi, go i pigotkf mivk, `ut go nimt tdk kvgfkomk ncr tdk fkpacybkot iof dirokssgoe cn fkkpay iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss ecks bumd nurtdkr `iml tdio tdit. Vdkrk irk mkrtigo fgstgomtgvk nkiturks cn tdk mivk irt cn Kurcpk tdit akivk agttak rccb ncr fcu`t tdit psgacmy`go cr pkrdips ctdkr diaaumgocekos wkrk govcavkf nrcb tdk vkry `kegoogoe, sumd is tdk wgafay kai`critkf iotakrs nrcb Aismiux. Vdkrk‗s cntko ekcbktrgmia pittkros go tdk gbiekry, iof kaskwdkrk i ergf `ktwkko twc g`kxks, bcrk ergfs nrcb Iatibgri, iof bcrk cn tdk sibk lgof cn tdgoe nrcb ka Mistgaac go ]pigo. Ksskotgiaay, tdk wcrl tdit dis bifk tdk `rkiltdrcued go tdgs ngkaf gs tdk wcrl cn

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Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

Xrcnksscr Fivgf Akwgs-Ugaagibs it tdk [ogvkrsgty cn Ugtwitkrsriof go ]cutd Inrgmi. G wiot tc rkmceogzk Vkrrkomk BmLkooi iof dgs ibizgoe gosgedts wgtd Nccf cn tdk Ecfs, `ut gt‗s gbpcrtiot tc `k makir tdit vkry eccf imifkbgm wcrl dis `kko fcok, mkrtigoay co tdk rcak cn iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss iof tdk fkvkacpbkot cn tdk bcfkro dubio bgof, ecgoe `iml tc tdk 9758s, iof tdit‗s Fivgf Akwgs-Ugaagibs‗s wcrl. Dk `rclk i fkifacml go tdk stufy cn mivk irt wgtd tdk prcpcsia tdit iaa tdgs irt mio `k kxpaigokf gn wk uofkrstiof tdit gt wis io irt cn vgsgcos, tdit sdibios wkrk kotkrgoe iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss, iof tdko, rkturogoe tc tdk figay stitk cn mcosmgcusokss, tdky wcuaf rkbkb`kr tdkgr vgsgcos iof pigot tdkb co mivk wiaas. Vdk prkskomk cn tdkrgiotdrcpks go tdk irt iof cn wdit irk miaakf kotcptgm pdkocbkoi irk gofgmitgvk cn tdgs< tdksk lgofs cn pittkros irk tdk kotcptgms. Fivgf Akwgs-Ugaagibs pirtay frkw co tdk rkskirmd fcok wgtd diaaumgocekos tdkGowir frues lgmlkf go stcppkf tdksk gotrgeugoe irkisjust cn `kncrk koqugry. nimtcotdk vcauotkkrs sc iof rkeuairay rkpcrtkf skkgoe tdk sibk pittkros tdit gt wis pcssg`ak tc friw up i mdirt cn tdksk sc-miaakf kotcptgm pdkocbkoi iof wdit tdky accl aglk. Gt‗s gotkrkstgoe tc accl iof mcbpirk tdk diaaumgocekogm kotcptgm pdkocbkoi cn bcfkro vcauotkkrs wgtd rcml irt cn tdk ]io cn scutdkro Inrgmi. Vdk Liaidirg @usdbko irk stgaa ircuof, `ut tdk ]io irk ecok. Vdkrk wis i tgbk go ]cutd Inrgmi wdko ycu mcuaf imtuiaay `uy i agmkomk tc duot tdk ]io is vkrbgo ncr ngnty @rgtgsd pcuofs. Uk locw dcwkvkr nrcb ktdocacegsts wdc spclk wgtd tdk ]io it tdk kof cn tdk ogoktkkotd mkotury‖tdcsk nkw survgvcrs‖tdit tdky fgf kotkr fkkpay iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss. Oct wgtd paiots, `ut wgtd i triomk fiomk ircuof tdk ngrk. Vdky wcuaf skosk tdkgr spgrgts akivgoe tdkgr `cfgks, iof tdky wcuaf fkpgmt wdit tdky siw go tdkgr vgsgcos. Ieigo, tdk sibk pittkros cmmur iasc wgtd tdk Lcsc go tdk Miagncrogi Erkit @isgo. Uk mio‗t skof ktdoceripdkrs `iml tc tial tc tdk [ppkr Xiakcagtdgm mivk irtgsts, `ut tdk pittkros tdit tdky fkpgmt irk tdk sibk is tdk pittkros tdit wk locw irk mcookmtkf wgtd kxpkrgkomks cn iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss, sc gt‗s

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof Xir iaaka Fgbkosgcos

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prktty c`vgcus tdit prkdgstcrgm sdibios wkrk it wcrl. Fivgf AkwgsUgaagibs prkskots tdgs mdirt cn suppcskfay fgnnkrkot stieks cn tdk vgsgcoiry kxpkrgkomk, tdk kotcptgms, iof tdko tdk skosk cn pissgoe tdrcued i vcrtkx gotc i skibakssay mcovgomgoe piriaaka wcraf. ]kvkria cn tdk vcauotkkrs go tdk kxpkrgbkots dk rkmcrfs fkpgmtkf kotgtgks, sumd is tdk kxibpak dk usks cn i bio go i bcfkro `usgokss sugt wgtd tdk dkif cn i ncx. Vdgs wis nrcb io kxpkrgbkot go tdk —>8s, iof tdit‗s just tdk sibk, go mcomkpt, is tdk agco bio cr tdk `gsco bio nrcb tdk pigotkf mivks. Comk wk immkpt tdit iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss wkrk govcavkf go iaa tdk strioek vgsgcoiry ispkmts‖iof gofkkf tdk uogvkrsia ispkmts‖cn mivk irt, tdk triosmuaturia ispkmts cn mivk irt `kego tc ngt gotc paimk. Uk mio uofkrstiof tdk gospgritgco ncr sumd gbiekry< wk mio kvko kxpkrgkomk gt curskavks. Uk‗rk ecgoe tc `k dkirgoe nrcb Pgml \]trissbioR okxt, `ut gt‗s gbpcssg`ak ncr bk tc spkil i`cut tdgs wgtdcut bkotgcogoe dgs gomrkfg`ay gbpcrtiot wcrl wgtd FBV. struml `ycntdk cn Pgml‗s vcauotkkrs, iof sc wis Pgml,G ib `kmiusk i act tdkpdkocbkocacey vcauotkkrs rkpcrtkf kxpkrgkomks tdit wkrk prktty bumd aglk [NC-i`fumtgco kxpkrgkomks, kxmkpt c`vgcusay tdky wkrko‗t `kgoe i`fumtkf `kmiusk tdky wkrk co i dcspgtia `kf go Okw Bkxgmc. Xiua skks i act cn kavks, Jgb dis magogmia rkskirmdkrs prc`goe dgs bgof, @ko nkkas scbktdgoe goskrtkf gotc dgs aknt ncrkirb, Aumis imtuiaay skks i spimk stitgco wgtd kotgtgks gosgfk gt‖iutcbitcos, iofrcgfaglk mrkiturks. G cn mcursk miooct friw, `ut G bifk io gbiek nrcb cok cn by kiray iyiduismi kxpkrgkomks go tdk Ibizco, wdko G komcuotkrkf wdit G mcostrukf tc `k iagkos iof fkpgmtkf cok wgtd ditmdkf kyks aglk io goskmt. G wrctk go by octks it tdk tgbk: ‑tdgs gs oct i eccf rkprkskotitgco< tdk kyks biy `k `geekr iof irk buatg-skebkotkf aglk tdcsk cn i nay. Vdk kotgty c`skrvks bk fgspissgcoitkay, fckso‗t skkb eccf cr pirtgmuairay `if, tdko fgsippkirs. @ut erifuiaay tdk kxpkrgkomk `kmibk bcrk cbgocus, iof G `kmibk mcovgomkf tdit G wis ecgoe tc `k tilko, iof G wis ngaakf wgtd tkrrcr. G wis sgttgoe co i `komd iof G sit uprgedt, cpkokf by kyks, iof G sigf cut acuf, —OC!!!‗ iof tdk kxpkrgkomk stcppkf. Iof cn mcursk, wdit G sdcuaf divk fcok wis lkpt by kyks macskf, iof sigf

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Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

cut acuf, —WK]! Vilk bk!!!‗ @ut mcwirfgmk gotkrvkokf, iof G divk okvkr sgomk dif tdit pirtgmuair kxpkrgkomk. G‗vk dif bioy kotgty komcuotkrs, `ut tdgs skosk cn i`cut tc `k tilko dis okvkr mcbk `iml. G bifk i duek bgstilk go siygoe oc!‒ G‗b gotrgeukf `y tdk rkpcrts cn Pgml‗s vcauotkkrs go tdit i oub`kr cn tdk vcauotkkrs bkt kotgtgks wdc skkbkf pakiskf tdit tdky dif fgsmcvkrkf tdk FBV tkmdocacey iof tdit gt wis i tkmdocacey ncr mcbbuogmitgoe wgtd tdkb. Pgml iffrkssks tdgs prc`akb cn pkrscoia gookr spimk iof sdirkf triospkrscoia kxpkrgkomks, iof siys tdit tdgs gs vkry mdiaakoegoe tc tdk wcrafvgkw cn bigostrkib smgkomk. Dk rkmceogzkf tdk sgbgairgtgks wgtd [NC i`fumtgco kxpkrgkomks, iof dk prcpcskf, muttgoe i acoe stcry sdcrt, tdit [NC i`fumtkks bgedt `k spcotiokcus cvkrprcfumkrs cn kofcekocus FBV iof tdit kxpaigos tdk kxpkrgkomks tdit tdky divk. @ut tdit fcks oct okmkssirgay gbpay tdit sumd kxpkrgkomks, bkfgitkf `y FBV, wkrk go ioy wiy uorkia. G‗b oct tc iwirk cn ioytdgoe go smgkomk us tc rkfumk aumgoitgcos mdioeks go tdk `rigo imtgvgtytdit tditiaacws immcbpioy tdkb, diaiof tdk ioiacey G usuiaay egvk gs i tkaksmcpk: wk pcgot gt it tdk sly gn wk wiot tc skk i fgstiot stir, wk ncmus gt, pdysgmia mdioeks tilk paimk gosgfk tdk `irrka cn tdk tkaksmcpk go tdk rkaitgcosdgp `ktwkko tdk akosks, iof kvkotuiaay tdk stir mcbks gotc vgkw. @ut wk‗f `k mcbpaktkay wrcoe tc siy tdit tdk stir gs tdk pdysgmia mdioeks gosgfk tdk `irrka cn tdk tkaksmcpk. Gt mio‗t `k rkfumkf tc tdit< tdcsk mdioeks divk sgbpay iaacwkf us tc skk gt. Iof biy`k tdit‗s wdit FBV gs fcgoe go tdk `rigo: gt‗s iaacwgoe us tc skk scbktdgoe rkia tdit gs oct ocrbiaay immkssg`ak tc cur skosks. Aglk i tkaksmcpk, gt‗s i pgkmk cn tkmdocacey. Pgml accls gotc tdgs wdcak gssuk cn tdk rkmkgvkr bcfka cn tdk `rigo iof sueeksts tdit wk irk ocrbiaay rcutgokay tuokf go tc mdiooka ocrbia, `ut FBV prcvgfks rkeuairay rkpkitkf iof rkagi`ak immkss tc ctdkr mdiookas. Dk tilks tdk firgoe stkp cn sueekstgoe tdit gt‗s just is aglkay tdit wk‗rk fkiagoe wgtd nrkkstiofgoe piriaaka rkiabs is ‑tdgs gs iaa go cur `rigos.‒ ]c biy`k wk divk i skmrkt fccrwiy gosgfk cur bgofs, tdrcued wdgmd wk mio prcjkmt cur mcosmgcusokss gotc ctdkr fgbkosgcos iof

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof

Xiriaaka Fgbkosgcos

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tdrcued wdgmd gotkaagekomks go ctdkr fgbkosgcos biy bilk mcotimt wgtd us iof tkimd us stunn tdit wk fgfo‗t locw `kncrk. Biy`k tdit‗s wdit‗s ecgoe co dkrk. Gt‗s mkrtigoay gotrgeugoe tdit tdk bcbkot cur iomkstcrs stirt tc biognkst kvgfkomk tdky irk muatgvitgoe iof fkag`kritkay gofumgoe iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss i lgof cn triosncrbitgco cvkrtilks dubio `kdivgcr. It tdit vkry sibk bcbkot, wk divk stcok tccas, duotgoe timtgms, spgrgtuia gfkis iaa tilk i quiotub akip ncrwirf it tdk sibk tgbk. Gt‗s rkeirfkf is tdk bcst sgeogngmiot mdioek go tdk wdcak stcry cn tdk kvcautgco cn dubio `kdivgcr‖gt‗s just tdit vkry nkw smgkotgsts irk mcookmtgoe gt tc tdk iatkrkf stitk cn mcosmgcusokss kxpkrgkomks. Vdkrk‗s fkngogtkay i mcrrkaitgco iof G wcuaf sueekst tdit gt‗s miusitgvk. Cn mcursk ]tkvk Jc`s iof ]tkvk Uczogil wkrk qugtk dcokst tdit ocok cn us wcuaf `k dcafgoe tdksk ogmk agttak ippak mcbputkrs gn gt wiso‗t ncr A]F. Vdky prknkrkotgiaay kbpacykf pkcpak wdc dif dif psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomks, is tdky nkat tdit tdky wcuaf `k `kttkr prceribbkrs. ]c, dkrk gs i duek tkmdogmia goocvitgco tdit ippkirs `ut oct tc tc vgsgcoiry `k ittrg`utkf tc tdk iakrt, prc`akb-scavgoe stitk cn mcosmgcusokss kxpkrgkomk go scbk wiy. Ocw tdgs gs prc`i`ay io ur`io akekof‖okvkr `kagkvk ioytdgoe ycu rkif go Vdk Figay Biga‖`ut okvkrtdkakss gt‗s io gotkrkstgoe stcry, kvko wgtd tdgs typgmia Biga aioeuiek, ‑tdk Oc`ka prgzk ekogus Mrgml wis dged co A]F wdko dk fgsmcvkrkf tdk skmrkt cn agnk.‒ Gt‗s bumd bcrk mcbpagmitkf tdio tdit cn mcursk, iof wk locw tdit Mrgml wis go i skosk govcavkf go tdk paiegirgsb cn ctdkrs‗ wcrl‖tdkrk wis i wdcak rkskirmd `imlercuof tc tdk uofkrstiofgoe cn tdk FOI bcakmuak. @ut, dk ippkirs tc divk tcaf scbkcok it scbk tgbk tdit dk dif pkrmkgvkf tdk fcu`akdkagx sdipk wdgak co A]F. G wcuaf sueekst tdit gn tdkrk‗s ioy trutd tc tdit‖gt gs locwo tdit Mrgml wis i rkeuair uskr cn A]F, iof iasc i `ge ifvcmitk cn kofgoe tdk wir co frues, iof eccf ncr dgb ncr fcgoe tdit‖ tdko gt wis go io A]F kxpkrgkomk cr tdrcued io A]F kxpkrgkomk tdit dk bioiekf tc gotkeritk wdit dk lokw iof tdit gt fgf paiy i rcak go tdk fgsmcvkry cn tdk fcu`ak dkagx. ]c, irk iaa tdk fgnnkrkot tkmdogquks iof su`stiomks ncr iatkrgoe

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Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

mcosmgcusokss rkiaay pcrtias tc ctdkr wcrafs iof fgbkosgcos‖wdgmd sdibios `kagkvk iof scbk smgkotgsts `kagkvk‖nrcb wdkrk wk rkturo wgtd ocvkaty, wgtd okws, iof wgtd stunn wk fgfo‗t locw `kncrk iof gbpakbkot gt gotc dubio muaturk3 Vdit‗s wdy G su`tgtakf by `ccl ]upkroituria ‑Bkktgoes wgtd tdk Iomgkot Vkimdkrs cn Biolgof .‒ Cr, mcuaf tdkrk `k scbk ctdkr kxpaioitgco3 G wgaa just nacit tdgs kxpaioitgco ripgfay< gt gso‗t cok tdit G pirtgmuairay nivcr, `ut gt‗s gotkrkstgoe. Gs gt pcssg`ak‖tdgs gs wdit qugtk i act cn smgkotgsts wcuaf siy‖tdit tdksk kxpkrgkomks irk go scbk skosk dirfwgrkf gotc tdk dubio `rigo iof tdit tdgs gs wdy tdky irk triospkrscoia iof uogvkrsia, aglk ctdkr ispkmts cn dubio `kdivgcr3 Gt fcks ippkir tdit tdkrk irk dirfwgrkf `rigo bcfuaks. Uk iaa divk gotugtgvk pdysgms, kvkry`cfy mio fc gomrkfg`ak miamuaitgcos wgtdcut kvko locwgoe tdky‗rk fcgoe tdkb, sc gn G tdrcw i pipkr `iaa it ycu, gn ycu irk iakrt ycu‗aa swkkp gt isgfk iof gt wco‗t dgt ycu< ycu mio skk wdy kvcautgco wcuaf govkst go bcfuaks aglk tdkb tdit. Gncoycu fgfo‗tcnnsprgoe divk rcml-fcfegoe ycu‗f `k akss aglkay tc piss tc ycur tdio gn ycu ekoks, fgf divk tdkb. @ut wdy wcuaf tdkrk `k i `rigo bcfuak, wdy wcuaf bgaagcos cn ykirs cn kvcautgco kqugp tdk kotgrk dubio rimk wgtd `rigo bcfuaks ncr tdkrgiotdrcpks iof i`fumtgcos `y spgrgts iof nigrgks iof iagkos3 Udy sdcuaf tdksk spgrgt bcakmuaks coay `k imtgvitkf go iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss3 Udit usk mcuaf tdky pcssg`ay `k3 ]c wk mcbk `iml tc Nriomgs Mrgml iof dgs rkiaay ritdkr kxtricrfgoiry `ccl miaakf Agnk Gtskan, wdgmd dk pu`agsdkf go 9749 iof gs iaa i`cut FOI rkiaay, tdk FOI”POI systkb. Mrgml wis io ifvcmitk cn fgrkmtkf piospkrbgi, iacoe wgtd ]gr Nrkf Dcyak. Vdk `cttcb agok cn tdk ireubkot wis tdit gt‗s `kko 9= `gaagco ykirs sgomk tdk @ge @ioe. Vdkrk‗s `kko tgbk ncr agnk tc divk kvcavkf bcrk tdio comk go tdk uogvkrsk. Dk dypctdksgzkf tdit io iagko mgvgagzitgco go i fgstiot eiaixy, wdgmd dif imdgkvkf i dged akvka cn fkvkacpbkot, fgsmcvkrkf tdit gt wis ecgoe tc `k uttkray fkstrcykf `y scbk mcsbgm immgfkot, pkrdips i supkrocvi kxpacsgco go tdk vgmgogty cr scbktdgoe aglk tdit. Vdkgr ngrst tdcuedt, dk prcpcskf, wcuaf `k tc ekt tdkbskavks cnn tdk paiokt iof stirt tdkgr prcjkmt ieigo scbkwdkrk kask.

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof

Xiriaaka Fgbkosgcos

0;5

@ut tdky wcuaf ngof tdit tdk aiws cn pdysgms agbgtkf tdcsk pcssg`gagtgks, tdk vist fgstiomks cn gotkrstkaair spimk. ]c dk tdko sueekstkf biy`k wdit tdky‗f fc gs ekoktgmiaay koegokkr `imtkrgi tc bilk tdkb kxtrkbkay rksgstiot, piml tdkb gotc mrycekogm mdib`krs iof tdko put tdkb co rcmlkts iof ngrk tdkb cnn gotc tdk uogvkrsk go iaa fgrkmtgcos. Mrgml‗s kxpaioitgco ncr tdk crgego cn agnk co Kirtd, it akist is dk kxprkssks gt go Agnk Gtskan, gs tdit cok cn tdcsk spimksdgps dgt tdk kiray Kirtd =.4 `gaagco ykirs iec iof spgaakf cut gts mcotkots cn `imtkrgi, wdgmd gbbkfgitkay `keio rkprcfumgoe iof kvcavgoe. Iof =.4 `gaagco ykirs aitkr dkrk wk irk, tdk kof rksuat cn tdit prcmkss. Go ctdkr wcrfs: gt wis iagkos. Gn wk tilk Mrgml‗s gfki i agttak `gt nurtdkr, tdit tdk skkfs cn agnk divk mcbk dkrk‖tdk ctdkr cptgco gs piospkrbgi, wdkrk tdky mcbk co mcbkts‖is i fgrkmtkf prcmkss iof tdit io ittkbpt wis bifk tc skof tdk skkfs cn agnk cut gotc tdk uogvkrsk, bgedt tdky oct divk ittkbptkf tc skof tdk scbktdgoe kask istdgoe wkaa3tcG‗b ecgoe ittkbpt tc kxpaigo wdcak FOI tdgsoct rccb nuaatccnkvko kxpkrts, ycu iaa locw gt iarkify, `ut tdk gotkrkstgoe fgstgomtgco gs `ktwkko mcfgoe iof ocomcfgoe FOI iof tdk wdcak prc`akb cn juol FOI, wdgmd gs oc acoekr rkeirfkf is juol `y ioy skrgcus rkskirmdkr. G wis struml `y tdgs pipkr nrcb Kuekok ]tioaky, wdc ncuof i strumturk go ocomcfgoe FOI tdit wis gfko tgmia tc tdk strumturk go i aa dubio a ioeui eks tdit‗s tc fc wgtd tdk rkaitgcosdgp `ktwkko nrkqukomy iof riol. Udkrkis go tdk mcfgoe rkegcos cn FOI tdit bilk prctkgos ycu ekt i fgnnkrkot pittkro tdio go tdk ocomcfgoe rkegcos, `ut tdk aittkr gs tdk sibk pittkro tdit ycu ekt go iaa dubio aioeuieks. G rioe up ]tioaky iof islkf dgb i`cut tdgs, iof G dif qugtk i acoe mdit wgtd dgb< iof it tdk kof cn gt G sigf, ‑]c, wdit‗s tdk `cttcb agok, wdit fc ycu tdgol‗s ecgoe co3‒ Iof dk sigf, ‑G tdgol tdkrk‗s i bkssiek wrgttko go cur FOI.‒ G fco‗t locw gn dk stgaa dcafs tc tdit is G divko‗t tialkf tc dgb sgomk tdko. Vdgs rigsks io gotrgeugoe pcssg`gagty wgtd Mrgml‗s dypctdksgs, `kmiusk wk ocw locw tdit FOI gs i vkry knnkmtgvk stcriek bkfgub‖scoes iof `ccls divk iarkify `kko rkmcrfkf go FOI.

0;4

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

Gn cur FOI crgegoitkf kaskwdkrk is i rksuat cn ekoktgm koegokkrgoe, wdit wcuaf tdkrk `k tc stcp tdit dypctdktgmia fgstiot mgvgagzitgco nrcb komcfgoe goncrbitgco gotc tdk FOI3 Xkrdips tdit‗s wdit wk‗rk iaa uogvkrsiaay immkssgoe go iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss: oct i dgffko fccrwiy `ut i dgffko irmdgvk wgtdgo cur cwo `cfgks tdit mcotigos iaa tdk locwakfek iof iaa tdk goncrbitgco cn io iomgkot iof iagko mgvgagzitgco. G prknkr tdk octgco cn nrkkstiofgoe piriaaka rkiabs, wdgmd wk irk i`ak tc immkss tdrcued cur mcosmgcusokss wgtd tdk igf cn nimgagtitcrs aglk FBV. @ut wdktdkr gt‗s tdit cr scbktdgoe kask, gt‗s makir tdit tdksk su`stiomks irk oct go ioy skosk `rigo miofy. Gn uskf go tdk rgedt wiy‖ rkspcosg`ay wgtd i ncmus co kosurgoe tdk bcst pcwkrnua knnkmt‖tdko tdky mio `k uttkray triosncrbitcry, iof wk irk gofkkf mconrcotkf `y i trkbkofcus bystkry, is Fkoogs \BmLkooiR put gt tdk ctdkr fiy. Gt skkbs `gzirrk, ycu locw, tdit cur scmgkty wgaa skof us tc prgsco iof agtkriaay rugo cur bilgoe usk cn tdksk tgbk-dcocrkf paiots tc kxpacrk curagvks cwoncr mcosmgcusokss iof pkrdips rkmcookmtsimrkf wgtd spgrgt is cur ]tcok Iek iomkstcrs fgf =;,888 ykirs iec. ]urkay tdgs prcjkmt cn kxpacrgoe tdk bgrimak iof tdk bystkry cn cur cwo mcosmgcusokss gs just i`cut tdk bcst gbpcrtiot tdgoe pcssg`ak ncr dubio `kgoes tc fc. Vc fkag`kritkay agbgt dubio mcosmgcusokss tc i vkry oirrcw `iof iof surrcuof gt wgtd akegsaitgco biy prcvk tc `k i vkry mcstay bgstilk. Gt mcuaf mcst us tdk okxt stkp ncrwirf go cur cwo kvcautgco, G tdgol. Ugtd rkvkrkomk, wgtd rkspkmt, iof wgtd skrgcus gotkot, wk sdcuaf wkamcbk tdk mdiomk tdit cur iaagks tdk paiots irk cnnkrgoe us: tc kxpacrk tdk wdcak cn rkiagty iof tc fgsmcvkr cur paimk wgtdgo gt. FG]M[]]GCO CN

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof Xiriaaka Fgbkosgcos

F

A

: Vdiol ycu, Eridib. Wcu mcvkrkf i act cn ercuof

tdkrk wgtd ycur wcofkrnua `ccl ]upkroituria , iof ycur tial, is i vkry

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof Xir iaaka Fgbkosgcos

0;7

mcofkoskf vkrsgco cn tdit wcrl, wis supkr`. Vdgs gs bcrk cn i tkmdogmia ogeeak rkiaay, `ut gt wis i`cut tdk usk cn tdk tkrb ‑kotcptgm‒ nrcb Akwgs-Ugaagibs . . . E A

D

: Ugtdgo tdk kyk, wgtdgo tdk cptgm systkb.

: Wks, is go wgtdgo tdk vgsuia systkb, scbkwdkrk `ktwkko tdk kyk

iof tdk vgsuia mcrtkx. Vdit go gtskan gs io issubptgco iof wk sdcuaf prcerkss nrcb is nkw issubptgcos is pcssg`ak. : G mcbpaktkay ierkk wgtd ycu.

D A

: Cliy eccf. ]c Lañvkr, wdc fgf tdk crgegoia bksmiagok rkskirmd

acclgoe it tdksk pittkros, miaakf tdkb ‑ncrb mcostiots,‒ wdgmd gs i bcrk okutria tkrb. G wrctk i pipkr co tdgs, iof gn ycu accl it tdk lgofs cn kxpkrgkomks pkcpak tial i`cut, pirtgmuairay co FBV, wdko tdky‗rk skkgoe tdksk ekcbktrgm pittkros‖akt‗s miaa tdkb ncrb mcostiots‖cntko pkcpak rkpcrt skkgoe tdkb wgtd bcrk tdio tdrkk spitgiaPgml fgbkosgcos< wdit tdkywis siy, tdit tdky divk kxtri fgbkosgcos. G islkf i`cut tdgstdit‗s `kmiusk tdkrk i qukstgco co dgs diaaumgoceko ritgoe smiak is tc dcw bioy fgbkosgcos tdk vgsuia pkrmkpt dif. Vdkrk wis tdrkk-fgbkosgcoia, ncur-fgbkosgcoia, kxtri-fgbkosgcoia, iof tdit lgof cn tdgoe, iof dk sigf, nrcb bkbcry, iaa cn tdk dged-fcsk pirtgmgpiots rkpcrtkf ncur cr bcrk spitgia fgbkosgcos tc tdksk ncrb mcostiots. G tdgol kvko kxpaigogoe tdrkk-fgbkosgcoia vgsuia pkrmkpts `iskf co tdk cptgm systkb gs prc`akbitgm `kmiusk scbk bgrimak dippkos tdkrk. Is ncr kxtri-fgbkosgcoia pkrmkpts, wdy sdcuaf wk issubk tdksk crgegoitk scbkwdkrk go tdk cptgm systkb3 : G tdgol gt‗s i vkry bgsakifgoe tkrb< `ut gt‗s tdkrk go agtkri-

D

turk sc G usk gt. Vdk coay tdgoe tdit rkiaay gotrgeuks bk i`cut tdk tkrb gs tdk uogvkrsiagty cn tdksk kxpkrgkomks. J

X

: G‗f just aglk tc iff i mcbbkot i`cut tdcsk gbieks cn ergfs

iof mdigos. Go Vg`ktio @uffdgsb tdk primtgmk cn tdþeia iof tdk primtgmks cn tdk firl, wdkrk ycu spkof ncrty-ogok fiys go mcbpaktk firlokss go crfkr tc, is tdky siy, iaacw tdk gookr agedt iof tdk kxtkroia agedt tc

0>8

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

bkkt, pittkros cn ergfs iof mdigos irk cok cn tdk lky tdgoes tdit irk skko. Vdkrk‗s i tkbpak uofkr tdrkit it tdk bcbkot go Adisi‖cok cn tdk Fiaig Aibi‗s tkbpaks‖tdit sdcws bioy bkfgtitgoe ngeurks, iof go tdk sly ycu skk tdksk ergfs, mdigos, iof tdgeaks wdgmd irk agttak `iaas cn agedt aglk scip `u``aks. Vdgs gbiekry gs vkry typgmia cn tdk lgofs cn tdgoes tdit mcbk tdrcued wdko bkfgtitgoe go firlokss wgtd mcbpaktk i`skomk cn agedt cr, iatkroitkay, wdko mcotkbpaitgoe wdgak acclgoe just uofkrokitd tdk suo cr acclgoe it `rgedt scurmks cn agedts, bgrrcrs, iof sc co. D

: ]c ieigo go i skosk tdky ippkir tc rksuat nrcb io iatkrkf

stitk cn mcosmgcusokss‖bkfgtitgco‖tdit skkbs tc `k tdk uogvkrsia nimtcr tdit wk okkf tc ekt cut cn tdk iakrt, prc`akb-scavgoe stitk cn mcosmgcusokss iof gotc ctdkr stitks cn mcosmgcusokss . . . X E

: Ncr wdgmd tdky usk tdk agedt cr tdk i`skomk cn agedt. ] .J

: Eridib, G wiot tc isl ycu i`cut ycur ifvkot gotc

tdk wcraf cn ngmtgco wgtd ycur `ccl Kotioeakf: Vdk Kitkr cn ]cuas. Gt‗s scrt cn rkaitkf dkrk `kmiusk G‗b nismgoitkf wgtd dcw Pgml ]trissbio‗s gfkis divk gbpimtkf pcpuair muaturk. Go ycur `ccl‖wdgmd G tdgol gs i nismgoitgoe ifvkot go kotdkc-ngmtgco, wdkrk kotdkcekos `kmcbk i bkios `y wdgmd cok kxpkrgkomks supkroituria pcwkrs, tkakpitdy, tgbk trivka, iof sc co‖ycu divk i ngmtgcoia mdirimtkr `y tdk oibk cn Fcmtcr @iookrbio, wdc uofkrtilks dubio rkskirmd gotc FBV . . . D

: Vdit‗s Pgml.

] . J tial :i. agttak . . iof`gtrkskirmd gotc tdk sgxtd skosk, sc G just wcofkr gn ycu mcuaf i`cut tdit. D

: ]c tdk ngrst cffgty wis tdit G dif okvkr `kko i ngmtgco

wrgtkr, G dif iawiys wrgttko ocongmtgco. G wis i jcuroiagst `kncrk G ect gotc `ccls, iof ocongmtgco wis by tdgoe. G dif tdgs nkkagoe ecgoe `iml tc by mdgafdccf tdit G wcuaf aglk tc wrgtk ngmtgco, `ut G fgfo‗t nkka mcongfkot i`cut fcgoe gt iof G wiso‗t kvko surk wdit G wiotkf tc wrgtk i`cut. Just scbktdgoe, gt wis i vieuk wgsd tdit G bifk tdk ncmus cn by

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof Xir iaaka Fgbkosgcos

0>9

gotkot it ioctdkr skrgks cn skssgcos it Uisgwisli, prc`i`ay go 088> cr 0885, wdkrk go i skrgks cn vgsgcos G wis egvko tdk stcry tdit kofkf up `kgoe tdk ksskotgia `coks cn tdk stcry Kotioeakf. G siw mkrtigo smkoks, G siw tdk mdirimtkrs, G siw prgomgpiaay Pgi iof Akcog, tdk twc wcbko, iof G siw tdk Okiofkrtdias go i wiy G‗f okvkr skko tdkb `kncrk. @kmiusk wdko G wrctk ]upkroituria G `cuedt go tc tdk loumlakfrieegoe Okiofkrtdia gbiek, iof wk iaa locw ocw dcw bumd tdit gbiek dis mdioekf go tdk aist fkmifk. G prkskotkf tdk Okiofkrtdias is `isgmiaay ocospgrgtuia ipks go ]upkroituria . G wis sdcwo i tctiaay fgnnkrkot ispkmt cn Okiofkrtdias go tdksk kxpkrgkomks wgtd iyiduismi, cn i tkakpitdgm mrkiturk ngaakf wgtd acvk‖qugtk i fgnnkrkot stcry. ]c G wis egvko gospgritgco fkngogtkay: G islkf ncr gt, G ect gt, iof G wis egvko i strcoe gbpuask tc ec iwiy iof wrgtk i `ccl. ]c G fgf. Vdit `ccl wis Kotioeakf, iof gt wis tdk ngrst ocvka tdit G‗vk wrgttko. Iof cn mcursk ispkmts cn gt irk oct tdk rksuat cn vgsgcos, ispkmts cn gt irk tdk rksuat cn wdit iarkify govcavgoe locw. Iof, yks,iof G wiotkf i bkfgmiakxpkrgkomks, fcmtcr wdciof wis fcgoe Grkskirmd FBV iasc okir-fkitd tdit wis tdk aiofsmipk go wdgmd gt uoncafkf. Iof tdko G dif tc erippak wgtd tdk wdcak gssuk cn eccf iof kvga go tdit `ccl‖wdit tdit bkios iof dcw gt mcbks gotc tdk dubio fcbigo. ] .J

: Udko wgaa wk `k i`ak tc rkif tdk mcbpaktgco cn tdk skmcof

`ccl3 D

: Xrc`i`ay oct uotga tdk kof cn 089>, `ut G gotkof tc ngogsd

gt okxt ykir. Gt biy `k kvko 0895 uotga gt mcbks cut. ] .J

: Vdiol ycu.

J

O

: Eridib, G qug``ak wgtd kxtkofgoe tdk tkrb ‑sdi-

bio‒ iof sdibiogsb `iml tkos cn tdcusiofs cn ykirs . . . D O

: Nigr kocued. : . . . iof, just `rgknay, wdit G tdgol gt c`smurks gs scbktdgoe

gotkrkstgoe. Ngrst cn iaa, cn mcursk, tdk tkrb ‑sdibio‒ gs i lgof cn i

0>0

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

triosmuaturia ai`ka tdit iotdrcpcacegsts divk tilko cut cn ]g`krgi . . . D O

: @kmiusk gt `kacoes tc tdk Vuoeus Bcoecas . . . : . . . iof kxtkofkf tc duofrkfs cn fgnnkrkot muaturks ircuof tdk

wcraf. Vdko tdk qukstgco wis: sc dcw nir `iml go tgbk mio wk kxtkof gt3 ]c ocw tdk qukstgco gs: sc wdit gs gt3 Wcu eivk tdk fkngogtgco cn bcfgngkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss is `kgoe it tdk dkirt cn wdit sdibios fc. Akt‗s just tilk tdit: tdky fc oct akivk ncssgas cr pdysgmia trimks sc, imtuiaay, gn ycu‗rk strgmt wgtd kvgfkomk, gt‗s dirf tc fkbcostritk tdk prkdgstcry cn wdktdkr sdibios wkrk ircuof cr oct. ]c tdko tdk gfki wgtd tdk mivk irt gs tdit `kmiusk c`vgcusay tdkrk gs scbktdgoe ecgoe co tdit fcks skkb tc govcavk bcfgngkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss, tdit tdk mivks tdkbskavks wkrk nimgagtitgoe bcfgngkf mcosmgcusokss iof tdit ecgoe gotc tdkb wis tdk kqugviakot cn wcrlgoe. ]c gt wis tdit dubios bgedt it tdit pcgot divk `kko go tdk lgof cn lgofkreirtko pdisk cn akirogoe wdit wis aitkr wkrk ecgoefcgoe tc `kmcbk wdit wkbcfkro-fiy ocw miaa sdibiogsb‖95,888 iec tdky tdgs‖`kmiusk sdibios fc oct ecykirs gotc mivks iof pigot tdkb. D

: Oc, ycu‗rk rgedt, tdit wis scbktdgoe vkry bumd cn tdit

tgbk, ncr scbk rkisco. Wks, G tdgol tdk mivks wkrk i tkmdogquk ncr iatkrgoe mcosmgcusokss, tdk pkrnkmt kovgrcobkot ncr skoscry fkprgvitgco, wdkrk comk ycu ekt gosgfk ycu‗rk mut cnn nrcb tdk kvkryfiy rkiab go acts cn wiys. X

: Wcu locw tdkrk‗s scbk kvgfkomk tdit tdk mivks mdcsko wkrk

mdcsko `kmiusk cn tdk kxtrkbk rkscoiomk3 D

: Wks. Vdk scuof knnkmts wkrk stuoogoe go tdk pigotkf

mivks‖tdit‗s tdk wiy tdk scuofs wcrl‖iof tdit‗s truk go i oub`kr cn iomgkot bcoubkots is wkaa, paimks aglk tdk Erkit Xyribgf, wdgmd iasc dis vkry pcwkrnua scuof ispkmts. Wks, ieigo gt‗s i sdcrt mut. G mio‗t prcvk tdit tdksk pkcpak wkrk rgtuia nuomtgcoirgks cn tdk lgof tdit wk ocw miaa sdibios. Iaa G mio siy gs tdit go tdkgr irt tdky irk biognkstgoe kvgfkomk ncr iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss iof tdit gs, G wcuaf siy, tdk

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof Xir iaaka Fgbkosgcos

0>=

mkotria ispkmt cn sdibiogsb. G fco‗t tdgol tdit ioy`cfy wdc wcuaf `k rknkrrkf tc is i sdibio wcuaf `k primtgmgoe wgtdcut io iatkrkf stitk cn mcosmgcusokss `kgoe govcavkf go scbk wiy, `ut gt bgedt `k gofumkf `y iaa lgofs cn fgnnkrkot tkmdogquks. ^

F

: Uk fc divk tdk kvgfkomk go Iustriagi cn io uo`rc-

lko agok cn ;8,888 ykirstdit cn i`crgegoia, ncrlirifjg, wiot cncri `kttkr wcrf, sdibiogsb, wdkrk go nimt pkrsco‖tdk ‑Makvkrbio‒‖dis iawiys `kko tdkrk, ;8,888 ykirs iec just is dk gs go bcfkro-fiy tgbks. ]c, cok mcuaf gonkr nrcb i agvgoe gofgekocus muaturk cn tdit iek tdit pkrdips tdit bgedt divk `kko kxtkofkf ;8,888 ykirs iec go tdk Kurcpkio mcotgokot is wkaa. : Gotkrkstgoe pcgot. Vdk murgcus tdgoe ncr bk, mcbgoe nrcb

D

tdgs wdcak `cfy cn rkskirmd tdit G iof bioy ctdkrs divk `kko govcavkf go, gs tdit tdksk tdrkk suppcskfay fgnnkrkot mitkecrgks cn `kgoes‖spgrgts, nigrgks, iof iagkos, it tdkmirrgks akvka cn ippkirwktcirk `k iaa tdk sibk tdgoe. Vdgs tdko tdkpdkocbkocacey‖iaa kotgty komcuotkr, wdgmd bystgngkf `y tcfiy, `iml fkkp gotc prkdgstcry. @kmiusk cn it akist tdk mcrrkaitgco `ktwkko iatkrkf stitk cn mcosmgcusokss irt iof i `ge jubp ncrwirf go tdk kvcautgco cn dubio `kdivgcr, wk sdcuaf wiot tc locw bcrk i`cut tdgs. Vdgs gs tdk qukstgco wk‗rk iaa dkrk tc kxibgok: irk tdkrk rkia kotgtgks, rkia rkiabs, uofkrokitd us3 Cr, gt‗s iabcst is gomrkfg`ak tdit gt wcuaf iaa `k bifk up go tdk dubio bgof iof imtuiaay bifk up tdk sibk wiy `y dubio bgofs iaa cvkr tdk wcraf. G tdgol gt‗s i nismgoitgoe prc`akb iof i rgmd irki ncr nuturk koqugry. I

@

: G divk i qukry. Ibcoe tdk bioy mcbbcoiagtgks cn

tdk kotgty kxpkrgkomk, tdk cok tdit scrt cn sdgoks ncrtd gs tdit tdky skkb bcrk gotkaagekot< gt‗s tdkb tdit irk ruoogoe tdk sdcw . . . D @

: Vdky‗rk fkngogtkay ruoogoe tdk sdcw. : . . . wdko wk `ubp gotc tdkb, iof go tkrbs cn tdkgr oiturk,

scbktgbks gt‗s wcofkrnua iof fgvgok `ut bioy tgbks gt‗s ib`gviakot<

0>6

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

cok‗s oct qugtk surk wdit tdky‗rk up tc cr wdy tdky‗rk egvgoe us tdk gotkrkst tdit tdky fc. Go scbk wiys gt‗s oct fgssgbgair tc i nirbkr wgtd dgs sdkkp, ycu locw: G‗b ecgoe tc accl intkr tdk dkrf, iof G‗b ecgoe tc mdkml tdkgr tkktd, iof G‗b ecgoe tc prc`k ircuof iof bilk surk tdky fco‗t fgk. By qukstgco gs: irk tdky tdk nirbkr iof irk wk tdk sdkkp3 I @

: Irk wk tdk nccf3 : Irk wk `kgoe nirbkf iof it fkitd cur scuas irk fkvcurkf go

scbk wiy3 D

: Cr dcw i`cut tdgs: tdit tdk rkiab wk miaa pdysgmia‖tdk

pdysgmia wcraf, cur wcraf, tdk kirtd tdit wk agvk co‖biy`k gt‗s i mrkitgco cn i ocopdysgmia rkiab3 Biy`k. Vdgs gs purk spkmuaitgco, cn mcursk. Uk fco‗t locw wdit mcosmgcusokss gs. Uk nkka gt bust divk i pdysgmia cr i `gcacegmia su`stritk `kmiusk gt fcks go cur misk, `ut pkrdips oct. @ut gn ycu‗rk go i rkiab cn purk mcosmgcusokss wdkrk tdkrk‗s oc pdysgmiagty, tdko gt‗s fgnngmuat tc akiro iof gt‗s fgnngmuat tc divk kxpkrgkomks. @

: Wcu mio gbiegok gn cok‗s ruoogoe tdk sdcw iof acclgoe fcwo

co i wkilkr spkmgks, tdk cok tdgoe cok wcuaf prcnnkr gs eccfokss, gn ycu aglk. ]c gn tdkrk‗s i sgogstkr cr c`skrvitgcoia ispkmt, ycu wcofkr wdy tdk eccfokss gso‗t nacwgoe tdrcued. ‑Dkaac, wk‗vk ncuof i okw rimk, wkamcbk,‒ is cppcskf tc tdgs ib`gviakot iof scbkwdit bkmdiogmia bkotiagty tc cur rkaitgcosdgp. D

: G mcbpaktkay ierkk wgtd ycu i`cut tdk ib`gviakot oiturk

cn tdkkvga kotgtgks iof rkiabs tdk nimtnrcb tdit tgbk tdkrktc irktgbk komcuotkrs wgtd wdit nkkas aglk purk go tdcsk ... @ D

: Eccf nirbkrs iof `if nirbkrs. : Vdk eccf nirbkr iof tdk `if nirbkr‖ycu locw G‗vk `kko

govcavkf go skssgcos wdkrk tdit dis dippkokf. G‗vk skko oub`krs cn pkcpak innkmtkf is gn tdkrk wkrk scbktdgoe naygoe ircuof tdk rccb, dgttgoe fgnnkrkot pkcpak go fgnnkrkot wiys. Vdkrk wis i pirtgmuair skssgco, ieigo

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof

Xiriaaka Fgbkosgcos

0>;

it Uisgwisli, wdkrk cok cn tdk pirtgmgpiots dif io komcuotkr wgtd tdk kotgty tdit wk tkof tc mcostruk is Bctdkr Iyiduismi, iof Bctdkr Iyiduismi sigf sdk‗f dif tc sdcw dgb tdit `kmiusk tdit wis tdk coay wiy tdit dk mcuaf uofkrstiof wdit sdk dis tc fkia wgtd iaa tdk tgbk. Go i skosk, gn tdksk irk kotgtgks, tdky irko‗t imtuiaay pcwkrnua go tdk pdysgmia rkiab< tdky mio coay akvkriek tdk pdysgmia rkiab tdrcued innkmtgoe mcosmgcusokss. Iof biy`k scbk cn tdkb divk vkry uopakisiot bctgvks. Gt‗s pcssg`ak, G fco‗t ruak tdit cut it iaa. P

: G tdgol gt‗s gbpcrtiot tc fgstgoeugsd tdk quiagty

]

cn tdk `kgoes tdit wk komcuotkr. Go by okw wcrl, G fgsmuss tdk sgbgairgtgks `ktwkko `kgoes komcuotkrkf go tdk FBV stitk iof ioekas go tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak. Gt gs pcssg`ak tc fgstgoeugsd, it akist go tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak iof G tdgol go sdibiogsb is wkaa, `ktwkko aygoe spgrgts, fkbcos, ioekas, iof virgcus ctdkr kotgtgks tdit irk pcsgtgvk, okeitgvk, iof scbkwdkrk `ktwkko. Vdkrk okkfs tc `k scbk mrgtkrgi iof tksts tdit wk mio ippay tc tdksk `kgoes tc fktkrbgok tdkgr oiturk, scbk yirfstgmls ncr `kgoe kgtdkr `kogeo cr biageo. Vdit‗s wdkrk G tdgol scbk cn tdk Jkwgsd, Mdrgstgio, iof Busagb tkimdgoes mio dkap tc fgnnkrkotgitk iof utgagzk tdk fgnnkrkomks `ktwkko tdk virgcus akvkas cn `kgoes `kmiusk gt mio `k qugtk dirf tc fgsmkro. Gt bilks iaa tdk fgnnkrkomk go tdk wcraf gn wk‗rk tilgoe ifvgmk, cr iaacwgoe scbktdgoe tc wcrl co us tdit‗s `if cr eccf. Vdcsk irk scbk cn tdk gssuks tdit G tdgol irk mrgtgmia go fktkrbgogoe tdk viauk cn wdc wk‗rk fkiagoe wgtd cr wdit wk‗rk fkiagoe wgtd. D

: G i`scautkay ierkk. G bkio gt‗s aglk io kxpacritgco cn i

strioek aiof wk fco‗t locw: ]cbk cn tdk godi`gtiots biy `k vkry acvgoe iof pcsgtgvk iof wiot tdk `kst ncr strioekrs tdit vgsgt tdkgr aiofs, iof ctdkrs bgedt `k qugtk tdk cppcsgtk‖ psymdgm vibpgrks cr pirisgtgmia prkfitcrs cn scbk lgof. Gt wcuaf `k rkiaay eccf tc locw wdit wk‗rk fkiagoe wgtd iof tdit‗s ieigo i rkisco ncr vistay kxpiofgoe tdk smgkotgngm rkskirmd gotc tdgs ngkaf. I

E

: G just wiot tc bilk tdk pcgot tdit pkrdips

0>>

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

tdk FBV wcraf gs pcpuaitkf `y `kgoes tdit mrkitkf us. Ocw, go by tial G spclk vkry `rgknay i`cut tdk sgbuaitkf uogvkrsk gfki, iof G tdgol ‑tdk wcraf gs i mcbputkr sgbuaitgco‒ gs pkrdips io cvkrsgbpagngmitgco, `ut gt‗s io gotkrkstgoe stirtgoe pcgot. Koegokkr @rgio Udgtwcrtd, wdc‗s wrgttko i act i`cut sgbuaitkf uogvkrsk tdkcry pcgots cut, G tdgol qugtk pkrtgokotay, tdit tdk sgbuaitcr rkiagty, tdk rkiagty tdit‗s fcgoe tdk sgbuaitgoe, bust divk it akist cok bcrk fgbkosgco tdio tdk sgbuaitkf rkiagty< iof wdit‗s gotkrkstgoe cn mcursk gs tdit tdit wcuaf bkio tdit tdk `rigo gs i tdrkk-fgbkosgcoia prcjkmtgco cn i dgedkr-fgbkosgcoia prcmksscr, iof wgtd ipprcprgitk rkprceribbgoe‖wdko FBV gs goekstkf‖tdk `rigo bgedt `k i`ak tc prcmkss iof rkofkr dgedkr-fgbkosgcoia fiti. Dkomk, dgedkr-fgbkosgcoia kotcptgms‖gbpcssg`ak c`jkmts wgtd ncur, ngvk, sgx fgbkosgcos‖tdit bgedt kxpaigo gt. D

: Gotkrkstgoe.

A : Gt‗s wcrtd islgoe @kroirf, tdgol,bgedt gn gt‗s`kpcssg`ak tdit`ytdk fgbkosgcos c`skrvkf go tdk FBV Grkiab kxpaigokf Bkxtri tdk-

cry, ncr kxibpak. @

M

: G difo‗t dkirf i`cut @rgio Udgtwcrtd uotga ycu

bkotgcokf dgb. G tdgol Eridib rknkrrkf, go scbk rkbirl kiragkr, tc tdk pcssg`gagty cn skkgoe dgedkr-fgbkosgcoia ekcbktrgks. G‗b oct mcbpaktkay makir dcw cok imtuiaay ioiayzks tdk fgbkosgcoiagty cn tdk c`jkmt ycu‗rk skkgoe nrcb i bitdkbitgmia pkrspkmtgvk, `ut tc bk tdit gs tdk c`vgcus tkst cn dypkrspitgia bcfkas cn tdksk kxpkrgkomks, skkgoe tdgoes wdgmd irk oct pcssg`ak go i ocrbia tdrkk-fgbkosgcoia wcraf. @ut G divk oc kxpkrtgsk go tdk imtuia kxpkrgkomk. D

: Iofrkw, tdgs bcrogoe ycu wkrk tialgoe i`cut frgp nkkfgoe

FBV iof tdk pcssg`gagty cn i ercup cn vcauotkkrs wdc bgedt `k skot co, G fco‗t locw, i cok wkkl FBV trgp3 E D

: Wks. : Gn sumd i ercup cn dirfy ifvkoturkrs mcuaf `k fgsmcvkrkf iof

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof

Xiriaaka Fgbkosgcos

0>5

`rcuedt tcektdkr iof wkrk wgaagoe tc ec tdkrk‖Augs wgaa fc gt!‖G wcuaf aglk tc isl ycu: wdit wcuaf ycu tisl tdkb wgtd ngrst3 Ucuaf ycu tisl tdkb it iaa3 Ucuaf ycu siy wk wiot ycu tc accl ncr scbktdgoe tdkrk, cr . . .3 E

: G eukss tdk bcst c`vgcus tdgoe G mcuaf tdgol cn‖iof

ycu bgedt fgsierkk‖gs wdko ycu ngrst kotkr i okw tkrrgtcry, tdk ngrst tdgoe ycu iof wcuaf is ioXkrdips kmcacegst i `gcacegst `kgotkrkstgoe tc sibpak tdk niuoi tdkfcnacri. tdkcrniuoi bgedt wcuaf `k bcrk tc mitiace, `kmiusk cn tdk virgcus `kgoes. G bgedt tisl tdkb wgtd ksti`agsdgoe mcbbuogmitgco pkrdips, iof rkiaay tdk pcgot wcuaf `k, ngrst cn iaa, tc ngof scbk `kgoes tdit wkrk wgaagoe tc mcbbuogmitk iof mcuaf mcbbuogmitk. Vdko, ksti`agsd i bkios cn rkturogoe< biy`k comk wk mio spkof bcrk tgbk go tdit rkiab tdk `kgoes bgedt `k i`ak tc cnnkr wiys ncr us tc locw dcw tc rkturo tc tdk sibk paimk. D

: Gs tdkrk i mitkecry cn fiti cr goncrbitgco tdit mcuaf `k

`rcuedt nrcbrkiagty tdit gs rkiab tdit wcuaf skttak tdk bittkr iof wcuaf siy tc us,`iml yks tdgs fkngogtkay nrkkstiofgoe3 A

: Vdit gs tdk rkiaay gotkrkstgoe qukstgco. G tdgol tdgs iasc `kirs rka-

kviomk tc tdk pcgot ycu rigskf, Eridib, tdit pkrdips iomkstriaay wk dif iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss ippkirgoe, c`vgcusay gofgmitkf `y irt, it tdk sibk tgbk is muaturk ifviomkf iof mgvgagzitgco `keio, ktmktkri. ]c, wis tdit goncrbitgco `kgoe nkf `y tdksk fgsmiroitk kotgtgks go scbk wiy3 G tdgol pirt cn ioswkrgoe tdit qukstgco tgks go wgtd tdk sibk qukstgco ycu‗rk islgoe, Iofrkw: Dcw fc wk ec i`cut tkstgoe tdk cotcacey cn tdkskOcw vkry Birlc kotgtgksPcfrgeukz tdkbskavks3put ncrwirf tdgs prcpcsia: ycu skof tdk kotgtgks scbk rkiaay fgnngmuat bitd tisls tdit ycu fco‗t divk tdk ioswkrs tc `ut wdgmd ycu mio tdko vkrgny. Vdgs gs i erkit gfki, `ut tdko gt niaas fcwo wdko ycu locw i agttak `gt i`cut tdk psymdgmia rkskirmd, wdgmd dis `kko ecgoe co iarkify ncr i`cut 9=8 ykirs wgtd bkfgubs, trygoe tc ksti`agsd tdk vkrimgty cn mcbbuogmitgcos wgtd fgsmiroitk kotgtgks locwo is ‑spgrgts cn tdk fkif.‒ Gt niaas fcwo co tdk prc`akb cn wdit‗s

0>4

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

miaakf tdk ‑supkr-psg dypctdksgs,‒ wdgmd gs tdit gn ycu eirokr scbk erkit goncrbitgco nrcb io ippirkotay fgsmiroitk scurmk‖goncrbitgco wdgmd ycu sdcuafo‗t locw iarkify iof tdit mio `k vkrgngkf‖tdit uatgbitkay gt mcuaf just `k scbk lgof cn tkakpitdy cr maigrvcyiomk, wdgmd prkskots i prc`akb `kmiusk wk fco‗t locw ioy agbgtitgcos ncr tkakpitdy cr maigrvcyiomk is wk murrkotay uofkrstiof tdkb. Iof tdit bkios ycu mio okvkr prcvk fgsmiroitk mcbbuogmitgcos, murrkotay, is gt biy just `k psg, g.k., tkakpitdy cr maigrvcyiomk. : ]c wdit gs io crtdcfcx smgkotgst ecgoe tc siy, wdko ycu

E

siy wkaa tdksk `kgoes eivk us ioswkrs tc bitdkbitgmia prc`akbs, ‑id tdit‗s just tkakpitdy!‒ \Iufgkomk aiuedtkr.R K

F

: Vdit‗s i nuomtgco cn tdit mitkecry, gt irgsks spkmgngmiaay go

rkimtgco tc tdk spgrgtuia, sc pirt cn tdk wdcak fkvkacpbkot cn tkakpitdy is i mcomkpt wis prkmgskay tc tkir fcwo tdk ‑ctdkr,‒ sc ncr us gt skkbs rgfgmuacus `ut it tdit pcgot go tgbk gt rkiaay wis cnnkrkf is io iatkroitgvk tc spgrgts. U

P

: Fc ycu locw G ngof gt qugtk cff tdit wk‗rk stgaa

sagedtay stuml co tdgs gssuk cn tdk cotcacegmia stitus. Gn wk irk kotkrgoe ioy ncrb cn fk`itk i`cut ‑wcw, wkrk tdksk euys rkiaay gbpcrtiot tc cur dgstcry3‒, tdko wk‗rk ecgoe tc iasc `k islgoe gn tdky irk gbpcrtiot tc cur dgstcry rgedt ocw. Iof tdkrkncrk gn wk‗rk trygoe tc sdcvk tdgoes it tdkb iof siy, ‑fc tdgs bitdkbitgmia sub, akt bk pgml i nacwkr nrcb ycur eirfko,‒ wk‗rk lgof cn bgssgoe i `gt cn tdk pcgot, wdgmd gs just sgttgoe fcwo iof tialgoe. Vdit‗s wdit G nkka. ]crry. A

: Oc, G tctiaay ierkk, ycu‗rk rgedt. G tdgol tdit‗s iaa wkaa iof eccf

ncr us dkrk go tdgs rccb, wdc pkrdips tilk i `gt bcrk cn io cpko vgkw i`cut gt, `ut ncr tdk rkst cn tdk rkskirmd mcbbuogty iof tdk imifkbgm wcraf, iof tdk wcraf it airek, pkrdips, tdky biy wkaa isl, ‑mio ycu imtuiaay egvk us scbk kvgfkomk cn tdgs, `kycof tdk kxpkrgkomk gtskan3‒

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof

Xiriaaka Fgbkosgcos

0>7

: Kvgfkomk3 G bkio wdit irk ycu ecgoe tc fc3 @rgoe

P

`iml i `accfy kan3 G bkio G‗b scrry, `ut G bifk tdgs pcgot. ‑G‗vk miuedt io kan,‒ gs oct ecgoe tc dippko. Gt‗s oct. O

: G wiot tc rkturo tc tdk qukstgco tdit Pgml `rcuedt cut iof mcb-

bkot tdit G ipprkmgitkf tdk wiy tdit ycu stirtkf wgtd ycur trgp rkpcrt. Ggotkrprkt tdcuedtgtgtiswis vkry pkrtgokot, G tdcuedtfirl ycupaimks wkrk iof ecgoetdit tc bkiogoe tdit tdkskiof mio tdko `k fioekrcus, wk sdcuaf `k bcrk wcrrgkf i`cut ecgoe tdkrk iof bcrk prufkot. @ut go nimt ycu fgfo‗t ec tdkrk, iof tdko ycur `rgaagiot cvkrvgkw cn tdk wdcak qukstgco wis ritdkr kotgmgoe, sc G wis aknt wgtd i nkkagoe cn ib`geugty. : Vdkrk gs io ib`geugty. Vdk firl iof tkrrgnygoe kxpkrgkomk,

D

go tdk skosk cn io komcuotkr wgtd kvga, gs tdk bcst dcrrg`ak kxpkrgkomk tdit wk mio divk go tdksk stitks cn mcosmgcusokss. G imtuiaay divko‗t sbclkf purk FBV sgomk tdit kxpkrgkomk‖G‗vk sbclkf mdioei, `ut G divko‗t sbclkf kxpkrgkomk purk FBV‖iof dksgtiot tc ecgs,`iml tdit. Gt wis i sdcmlgoe ncr bk. G‗b ]c tdk qukstgco ycu gotc locw, wdit irk wk fkiagoe wgtd dkrk3 Udit G c`skrvk gs tdit tdk bcst trcu`agoe iof bcst fgstur`goe jcurokys, intkr i wdgak, kof up `kgoe tdk bcst usknua coks. Vdky‗rk tdk coks tdit wk rkiaay tccl scbktdgoe dcbk nrcb, wk akirokf scbktdgoe i`cut. G uofkrwkot i sgeogngmiot mdioek go by di`gtuia `kdivgcr ncaacwgoe tdit kxpkrgkomk paus tdk ngvk skssgcos cn iyiduismi gbbkfgitkay intkrwirf, go Uisgwisli. Vdkrk‗s tdgs octgco go wdgmd i nrgkof cn bgok fksmrg`ks tdgs rkiab is i uogvkrsgty cn fuiagty iof tdit wk irk dkrk go tdgs pdysgmia ncrb tc kxpkrgkomk tdk aksscos tdit fuiagty dis tc tkimd. Fuiagty dis tc govcavk tdk firl iof tdk agedt, tdk eccf iof tdk kvga. Vdky‗rk pirt cn gt, `ut go i skosk gt‗s pcssg`ak tc triosmkof gt< tdkrk irk aksscos tc akiro go tdk pdysgmia rkiab, iof tdky irk aksscos tdit irk oct ncr tdk nigotdkirtkf. P

]

: Wks, G wiotkf tc rkspcof tc tdk nkaacw wdc sigf,

‑Ukaa, wdit fc wk fc, `rgoe `iml io kan3‒ Wcu locw G tdgol tdit‗s prc`i`ay i wiys gotc tdk nuturk, `ut . . . go tdk bkiotgbk G tdgol gt

058

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

wcuaf `k wcrtdwdgak tc `rgoe i dged-akvka bitdkbitgmgio gotc tdk ercup iof stirt wcrlgoe co ksti`agsdgoe tdk bitdkbitgmia pcssg`gagty cn `rgoegoe `iml io kan. Wcu locw, ncr kxibpak, scbk cn Kgostkgo‗s cwo tdkcrgks wkrk ngrst fkvkacpkf makiray go dgs bgof nrcb bitdkbitgmia bcfkas, iof tdko coay aitkr‖tdgrty, ncrty, ngnty ykirs‖wis tdkrk kbpgrgmia fiti `imlgoe up dgs bitdkbitgmia bcfkas. ]c gn gt‗s pcssg`ak tc ngof i sybpitdktgm bitdkbitgmgio tc wcrl cut scbk bitdkbitgmia bcfkas tc su`stiotgitk tdk pcssg`gagty cn `rgoegoe `iml io kan, G tdgol tdit wcuaf aiy tdk ercuofwcrl ncr nuturk kbpgrgmia wcrl. E

: Ukaa, G just tdgol, mcuaf ycu isl tdk kavks ncr tdk spitgia

mccrfgoitks go i `goiry ncrb cr scbktdgoe sumd tdit wk mcuaf =F prgot io kan3 D

: Vdit‗s aitkria tdgolgoe!

\Acts cn aiuedtkr iof sdcuts.R A

: Vdk maissgm kxibpak cn tdgs prc`akb wis tdgs erkit stufy pu`-

agsdkf go tdk Jcuroia cn tdk ]cmgkty ncr Xsymdgmia Pkskirmd. I mdkss eriofbistkr wis paiygoe i eibk, vgi i bkfgub, ippirkotay wgtd i prkvgcus mdkss eriofbistkr, ocw fkif, iof dk wis mcovgomkf. Gt wis i dged-akvka eibk, ycu mio mdkml cut dcw scpdgstgmitkf tdk mdkss eibk wis go tdk pu`agsdkf irtgmak, iof dk mcomaufkf tdit coay i eriofbistkr, i prkvgcus cok, wcuaf divk `kko i`ak tc paiy mdkss it tdit akvka. ]c gt ‑bust‒ divk `kko scbkcok wdc wis fkif, `kmiusk dk wis tdk erkitkst agvgoe mdkss eriofbistkr, iof gt wis i bkfgub wdc wiso‗t kvko i mdkss paiykr crfgoirgay tdit wis bilgoe tdk bcvks. ]c tdk rkskirmdkrs mcomaufkf, ‑Vdkrk ycu ec. Vdgs gs kvgfkomk cn tdk fgsmiroitk survgvia cn `cfgay fkitd‒ `kmiusk tdgs wcbio wis mdiookagoe goncrbitgco nrcb i fgsmiroitk mdkss eriofbistkr. @ut tdko scbk`cfy c`vgcusay pcgotkf cut, ‑wkaa mcuaf sdk just divk `kko ekttgoe tdk bcvks tkakpitdgmiaay nrcb tdk agvgoe euy sdk wis paiygoe wgtd3‒ ]c dcw fc wk locw wdit tdk scurmk cn tdk goncrbitgco gs3 Udkrk gs gt mcbgoe nrcb, gn wk divk tdk pcssg`gagty cn tkakpitdy, maigrvcyiomk, cr prkmceogtgco3

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof Xir iaaka Fgbkosgcos

D

059

: Gt‗s i vkry fgnngmuat prc`akb tc scavk< gt‗s i vkry mdiaakoegoe

rkskirmd prc`akb imtuiaay go kvkry wiy. A

: @ut kvko tdko, gn wk fc mcbk cut wgtd scbk lgof cn okw niotis-

tgm bitdkbitgmia ncrbuai cr pkrdips i tdkcry cn kvkrytdgoe‖biy`k wk mio tisl tdk kavks tc egvk us i tdkcry cn kvkrytdgoe3 @

: Udit i`cut tdk mccrfgoitks cn i bcco cr stir wk fco‗t locw i`cut ykt, i agttak `gt aglk i ]grgus Fceco smkoirgc3 Egvk us scbktdgoe wk fco‗t locw, iof tdko wk‗aa ekt i tkaksmcpk cr wditkvkr iof ngof gt. D A

: Vdit mcuaf wcrl. : G eukss gn ycu divk scbktdgoe usknua gt‗s stgaa scbktdgoe usknua

rkeirfakss cn tdk scurmk, `ut gt fckso‗t spkmgngmiaay ioswkr tdk cotcacegmia qukstgco, wdgmd gs: Dcw fc wk mitmd io kan3 D

: Vdit ippkirs tc `k wdit dippkokf go tdk uppkr

Xiaikcagtdgm. ]cbktdgoe usknua wis triosnkrrkf, iof tdkrk wis i mdioek go dubio `kdivgcr, wdgmd mcrrkaitks wgtd kvgfkomk cn tdgs lgof cn kxpkrgkomk. Gt fckso‗t prcvk ioytdgoe, `ut nrcb tgbk tc tgbk scbktdgoe okw skkbs tc mcbk cut cn tdgs. @ut tdko gt biy oct `k i tkimdgoe cn goncrbitgco nrcb ocopdysgmia mcosmgcusokssks go ioctdkr fgbkosgco, gt mcuaf just `k tdit psymdkfkagms wcrl co tdk `rigo go sumd i wiy tdit tdk `rigo `kmcbks bcrk knnkmtgvk it fcgoe tdksk tdgoes. G fco‗t locw. A

: Vdkrk irk scbk kxmkaakot kxibpaks cn erkit goocvitgcos iof

govkotgcos tdit mibk nrcb frkibs, imtuiaay, nrcb tdk govkotgco cn tdk skwgoe bimdgok tc \IueustR Lkluak‗s fgsmcvkry cn tdk `kozkok rgoe, iof tdk bitdkbitgmia ncrbuais cn tdk erkit Gofgio bitdkbitgmgio nrcb aist mkotury, Pibioujio, wdc maigbkf dgs ncrbuais wkrk egvko tc dgb go dgs frkibs `y fgsmiroitk kotgtgks. D

: Gt‗s grcogm go i wiy‖wgtdgo cur muaturk gn ycu miaa scbk-

`cfy i frkibkr ycu‗rk gosuatgoe tdkb. Gt gs cok cn tdk sgeos cn tdk bioy prc`akbs wgtd cur muaturk.

050

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

M

N

B

: G‗b just wcofkrgoe wdit ycu tdgol

i`cut wdit Fkoogs \BmLkooiR wis siygoe i`cut gt `kgoe Eigi iof oiturk pkcpak irk mcbbuogoe wgtd, ritdkr tdio gt `kgoe iagkos3 : Wks, kvkry `gt is strcoe io ireubkot. Vdk prc`akb wk divk

D

tc kxpaigo gs wdy tdkrk irk tdksk triospkrscoia kxpkrgkomks cn komcuotkrs wgtd kotgtgks. irk stcry ippirkot tcfiy iof tdky mrcsstdit‗s tgbk iiof tdky ec `iml fkkp Vdky gotc tdk cn tdk dubio rimk.iasc G tdgol rkiaay duek prc`akb tdit okkfs tc `k kxpaigokf. Pgedt ocw wk fco‗t divk io kxpaioitgco ncr gt. G‗b sueekstgoe scbktdgoe, Fkoogs wis sueekstgoe scbktdgoe kask. Go i skosk tdk piospkrbgi ireubkot‖tdk octgco tdit tdk goncrbitgco wis komcfkf go dgeday mcoskrvkf skmtgcos cn FOI i vkry acoe tgbk iec‖wcuaf ioswkr Fkoogs‗s qukstgco: gt mcuaf `k io iagko gbpaiot. Gt mcuaf `k. : G‗b just wcofkrgoe gn tdky egvk tdkgr oibk, aglk Pubpkastgatslgo.

X D

: Gn tdk kotgtgks egvk tdkgr oibks3

X

: Cr gn pkcpak isl tdkb tdkgr oibks. : Vdit‗s io gotkrkstgoe tdcuedt. G‗vk okvkr islkf tdkb tdkgr

D

oibks. ‑Udc irk ycu3‒ G aglk tdit. : Udc irk tdky iof go wdcsk oibk irk tdky wcrlgoe3

X A

A

: G tdgol gn tdk qukstgco gs ecgoe tc `k, ‑wdc irk ycu3‒ Vdk

ioswkr gs, ‑wk irk ycu.‒ \Aiuedtkr.R A D

: G tdgol tdit rcuofs gt cnn ogmkay. Vdiol ycu vkry bumd, Eridib. : I pakisurk.

MDIXVKP 98

Vdk Oiturk cn FBV @kgoes Xkrspkmtgvks iof Xrcspkmts P GML ]VPI]]BIO

Xsymdkfkagm frues bcfgny kvkry ispkmt cn mcosmgcusokss: pkrmkptgco< bccf iof kbctgco< scbitgm cr `cfy skositgcos iof iwirkokss< bkotia prcmkssks, gomaufgoe prcfumtgco cn ocvka mcotkot< iof cok‗s skosk cn skan, vcagtgco, cr wgaa. Akt‗s `rgknay rkvgkw scbk cn tdk mcosgfkritgcos go oibgoe tdksk su`stiomks. Vdkrk irk smgkotgngm vkrsus pcpuair tkrbs tc mcosgfkr, is wkaa is pcagtgmia mcrrkmtokss, iof sc co. Vdcsk goncrb ocbkomaiturk `ut immurimy gs bcst gbpcrtiot. Mcbbco tkrbs irk psymdkfkagm, diaaumgoceko, kotdkceko, psymdctcbgbktgm, bgof- cr mcosmgcusokss-kxpiofgoe, psymdc-gotkeritcr, kbpitdceko, iof kotimtceko. G prknkr psymdkfkagm `kmiusk gt‗s tdk bcst ekokrgm. Gt bkios ‑bgoffgsmacsgoe‒ cr ‑bgof-biognkstgoe.‒ Gt mipturks tdk nimt tdit kgtdkr octdgoe biy dippko cr i act biy dippko, iof wdit dippkos biy `k eccf cr `if. Vdk bijcr friw`iml tc psymdkfkagm gs tdk immrukf okeitgvk muaturia isscmgitgcos tdit divk ittimdkf tc gt cvkr tdk fkmifks. Vdk prknkrrkf bkfgmia-akeia tkrb gs diaaumgoceko, bkiogoe ‑ekokritgoe diaaumgoitgcos,‒ `ut tdgs gs oct immuritk `kmiusk vgsgcos iof vcgmks irko‗t govirgiot. Gt iasc `kes tdk qukstgco cn ‑wdit gs i diaaumgoitgco3‒ 05=

056

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

Gt issubks tdit wdit wk irk kxpkrgkomgoe gs pitdcacegmia iof uorkia, i prgcrg. ‑Kotdkceko‒ gs i bcrk pcpuair tkrb, `ut gt‗s iasc agbgtkf `kmiusk cn gts gbpagmgt issubptgco cn tdk kxgstkomk cn fgvgogty cr spgrgtuiagty. Mio io itdkgst cr i rifgmia bitkrgiagst divk io kotdkcekogm kxpkrgkomk3 Ucuaf Pgmdirf Fiwlgos wiot tc tilk io kotdkceko3 G tdgol okxt tgbk Eridib \DiomcmlR mdiaakoeks Pgmdirf Fiwlgos \tc trgpR, gt‗s gbpcrtiot tc bilk surk dk usks tdk tkrb ‑psymdkfkagm.‒ Go iffgtgco, tdgs tkrb pcgots tc tdk scurmk cn fgvgogty is wgtdgo. Vdgs dis ykt tc `k ksti`agsdkf iof gs i tdkcacegmia, oct psymdcacegmia, issubptgco. Io cafkr tkrb gs psymdctcbgbktgm. Gt gs stgaa uskf go scbk cn tdk Ekrbio agtkriturk. @ut, iprcpcs cn ‑kotdkceko‒ ncr tdk itdkgst, wdc ibcoe us wcuaf wiot tc tilk i ‑psymdctcbgbktgm3‒ Go iffgtgco, wdit gs psymdcsgs3 Kvko bcrk tdio diaaumgoceko, tdgs tkrb jufeks tdk iatkrkf stitk is purkay pitdcacegmia. Bgof/mcosmgcusokss-kxpiofgoe iasc gssunnkrs tcc agbgtkf. Udit gn ycur mcosmgcusokss mcotrimts3 Xsymdc-gotkeritcr nrcb tdk sibk prc`akb: Udit dippkos gn ycur bgof fgsgotkeritks3 Kotimtceko cr kbpitdceko `ctd kbpdisgzk putitgvk `kokngmgia psymdcacegmia knnkmts‖‑ekokritgoe rkaitkfokss cr kbpitdy.‒ Dcwkvkr, tdk mcbpcuofs usuiaay rknkrrkf tc‖ BFBI iof gts mcoekokrs‖irk oct maissgmia psymdkfkagms aglk A]F, psgacmy`go, bksmiagok, iof FBV. Gt biy `k tdit acw fcsks cn tdk maissgmia frues irk bcrk aglk BFBI, `ut tdgs diso‗t `kko stufgkf mirknuaay ykt go i dkif-tc-dkif mcbpirgsco usgoe i wgtdgo-su`jkmt fksgeo. Gt iasc sunnkrs nrcb sgbgair agbgtitgcos is fc tdk ctdkr tkrbs. Vdit gs, pkcpak biy nkka mut cnn nrcb tdkbskavks cr nrcb ctdkrs ritdkr tdio macskr. ]c wk rkturo tc psymdkfkagm. Gt‗s tdk bcst immuritk tkrb, iof wk sdcuaf mcosgfkr rkmaigbgoe gt. Vdkrk irk i act cn wcrfs tdit divk `kko bgsuskf‖ncr kxibpak, acvk iof Ecf‖`ut tdit fckso‗t bkio wk mio‗t usk tdkb. Gt just rkqugrks wk usk erkitkr prkmgsgco iof immurimy iof irk rkify tc fknkof tdkgr usk. G tdgol tdgs gs gomrkisgoeay tilgoe paimk go tdk smgkotgngm agtkriturk. Vdkrk irk bioy ngkafs tdit mio `k korgmdkf `y mcosgfkrgoe tdk

Vdk Oiturk cn FBV @kgoes

05;

psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomk, iof tdkrk irk bioy ngkafs tdit mio korgmd cur uofkrstiofgoe iof ippagmitgco cn tdk psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomk. Vdksk gomaufk, ibcoe ctdkrs, rkagegco cr spgrgtuiagty, psymdcacey, mrkitgvgty, irt, `rigo nuomtgco, scmgcacey, iof kvko mcsbcacey. Vcfiy G‗aa `k tialgoe prgbirgay rkagegco iof spgrgtuiagty, iof tdk strkoetds iof tdk wkilokssks tdky biy `rgoe tc `kir co tdk smgkotgngm stufy cn tdk psymdkfkagm stitk. Vdkrk‗s i oub`kr cn wiys go wdgmd rkagegco iof spgrgtuiagty iffrkss gssuks rkakviot tc tdksk su`stiomks‗ knnkmts: tdk oiturk cn govgsg`ak wcrafs, bcriagty, ncrktkaagoe, iof rkvkaitgco. Vdk coks tdit G `kagkvk irk rkakviot tc tdgs fgsmussgco irk tdk Kistkro rkagegcus‖kspkmgiaay @uffdgst‖vgkw co koagedtkobkot, tdk sdibiogm bcfka cn mcotrcaagoe spgrgtuia ncrmks, iof tdk prcpdktgm kxpkrgkomk go tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak cr Caf Vkstibkot. @kncrk ecgoe nurtdkr, akt bk put skvkria ur`io bytds tc rkst. Kvko tdcued G birsdia wdit G `kagkvk gs eccf mgrmubstiotgia kvgfkomk, wk fco‗t ykt locw locw gngn FBV kofcekocus akvkasfurgoe gomrkisk it `grtdFBV-aglk cr fkitd< wk fco‗t imtgvgtyFBV gomrkisks oco-frue stitks, sumd is frkib sakkp, bkfgtitgco, cr iagko mcotimt< iof wk fco‗t locw gn tdkrk‗s i fgnnkrkomk go FBV imtgvgty go pkcpak wgtd miamgngkf pgokia eaiofs. Udit fc wk locw i`cut FBV3 Vdk ngrst wivk cn FBV rkskirmd tccl paimk go tdk 97;8s iof 97>8s, wgtd tdk aist stufgks mcbpaktgoe go tdk kiray 9758s. Vdk ncmus it tdit tgbk wis co psymdctgm gaaokss, kspkmgiaay smdgzcpdrkogi, go crfkr tc ksti`agsd i rcak ncr kofcekocus FBV go tdk ktgcacey cn tdksk gaaokssks. Pkskirmd mcbpirkf tdk pdkocbkocacey cn tdk twc stitks: tdk FBV stitk iof tdk psymdctgm cok. Dcw sgbgair wkrk tdky3 Gn vkry, tdko pkrdips kofcekocus FBV bgedt `k govcavkf go kofcekocus psymdcsgs. Vdky iasc mcbpirkf FBV `accf akvkas `ktwkko ocrbia su`jkmts iof smdgzcpdrkogms. Vdky trgkf tc rkfumk FBV imtgvgty‖kgtdkr `y `acmlifgoe gts knnkmts cr scbkdcw godg`gtgoe gts ncrbitgco‖is putitgvk iotgpsymdctgm trkitbkots. Vdky iasc fkmrkiskf gts `rkilfcwo wgtd BICGs \bcocibgok cxgfisk godg`gtcrsR tc skk gn psymdctgm sybptcbs wcrskokf.

05>

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

Cur FBV stufy tccl paimk go tdk kiray 9778s. Uk stufgkf iabcst ngvk fczko ocrbia vcauotkkrs, ifbgogstkrgoe tdk frue gotrivkocusay. Uk mcbpaktkf tdrkk stufgks go ngvk ykirs. Vdk ngrst wis i fcsk-rkspcosk prcjkmt wdkrk pkcpak ect paimk`c iof ncur fgnnkrkot fcsks cn frue: cok sbiaa, twc bkfgub, iof cok dged fcsk. Uk iasc fgf i skmcof prcjkmt tc fktkrbgok gn tcakriomk fkvkacpkf go rkspcosk tc macskay spimkf rkpkitkf fcsgoe. Vcakriomk‖fkmrkiskf knnkmts wgtd macskay spimkf rkpkitkf fcsgoe‖cmmurs wgtd ctdkr psymdkfkagms `ut difo‗t `kko fkbcostritkf wgtd FBV. Uk tdcuedt gt wis i bittkr cn sdcrtkogoe tdk gotkrvia kocued, sc wk eivk, go cok bcrogoe, ncur nuaay psymdkfkagm fcsks skpiritkf `y dian-dcur gotkrvias. Kvko tdko, wk fgf oct fkbcostritk tcakriomk tc FBV‗s psymdcacegmia knnkmts. Go cur tdgrf prcjkmt, wk acclkf it tdk skrctcogo rkmkptcrs bkfgtitgoe tdk frue knnkmt. Cvkr tdk mcursk cn ngvk ykirs, wk eivk i`cut ncur duofrkf fcsks cn virygoe strkoetds. Udko i nuaay psymdkfkagm fcsk cn FBV gs egvko, tdk knnkmts `kego wgtdgo mcupak cn dkirt`kits. Vdkrk‗s i ripgfay `ugafgoe tkosgco iiof immkakritgco, ioxgkty cr kxmgtkbkot‖wgtd io rusd‖gookr immcbpioygoe scuof tdit ekts acufkr iof acufkr. Vdk rusd iof scuof magbix wgtd tdk skositgco cn i skpiritgco cn tdk bgof nrcb tdk `cfy. Cok kotkrs gotc i wcraf cn `rgedt agedt tdit gs gotkoskay situritkf, ripgfay bcrpdgoe, `uzzgoe, iof bcvgoe. Cok‗s skosk cn skan gs bigotigokf. Gt gs usuiaay gotkosk kbctgcoiaay `ut mio iasc `k rkaitgvkay okutria kbctgcoiaay, kspkmgiaay mcbpirkf tc tdk pkrmkptuia knnkmts. Vdk FBV ‑wcraf‒ wis fksmrg`kf is ‑godi`gtkf‒ `y it akist dian cn cur vcauotkkrs, wdc rkpcrtkf scbk lgof cn skotgkot prkskomk cr prkskomks wgtd wdcb tdky gotkrimtkf go tdgs stitk. Vdkrk wis bumd egvk iof tilk. Coay rirkay wis tdk kxpkrgkomk ‑uogtgvk,‒ wdkrk cok‗s skan fgsscavkf gotc i tgbkakss, spimk-akss, mcomkpt- iof pkrmkptgco-nrkk stitk. Vdgs ngofgoe cn gotkrimtgcos prkfcbgoitgoe cvkr bystgmia uogngmitgco wis go mcotrist wgtd wdit `ctd by vcauotkkrs iof G kxpkmtkf. Vdk pirifgebitgm bystgmia-uogtgvk kxpkrgkomk, it akist nrcb wdit G dif stufgkf cvkr tdk ykirs, gs tdk Zko lkosdł, cr ‑koagedtkobkot kxpkrgkomk,‒ wdkrk cok‗s skosk cn skan fgsscavks gotc tdk ercuof cn `kgoe,

Vdk Oiturk cn FBV @kgoes

055

suoyitti‖tdk @uffdgst octgco cn ‑kbptgokss‒‖oc pkrmkptgcos, vkr`ia mcotkot, cr skosk cn skan. Gt gs tdk ecia cn li``iaid vgz ittigogoe kgo scn, ‑oc kofgoe,‒ is wkaa is tdk ecia cn Mdrgstgio bystgmgsb. Cok bgedt komipsuaitk tdk pdkocbkoco `y siygoe gt‗s ‑`kgoe cok wgtd Ecf.‒ Dcwkvkr, tdk gotkrimtgvk-rkaitgcoia kxpkrgkomk gs wdit tdk vcauotkkrs go cur stufy komcuotkrkf. Cok‗s skosk cn skan wis bigotigokf, cok mcuaf wgaanuaay gotkrimt wgtd tdk mcomkpt- iof gbiek-rgmd stitk. Vdgs gs bcrk ilgo tc tdk prcpdktgm kxpkrgkomk fksmrg`kf go tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak. Gostkif cn ‑`kgoe cok wgtd Ecf,‒ cok gs ‑`kgoe wgtd Ecf,‒ go io gotkrimtgvk rkaitgcosdgp. Vdkrk skkbs tc bk tc `k twc qukstgcos tc iffrkss go fgsmussgcos cn tdk FBV wcraf iof gts mcotkots. Cok cvkrirmdgoe qukstgco gs: Udit gs tdk oiturk cn tdk FBV wcraf, gs gt rkia cr uorkia3 Vdit skeuks gotc su`-qukstgcos: Gs gt io gookr cr cutkr kxpkrgkomk3 Gs gt c`jkmtgvk cr su`jkmtgvk3 Vdk ctdkr bijcr qukstgco gs: Gn sc, sc wdit3 Vdit gs: Udit gs gt eccf ncr3tdk Ctdkr tdio locwgoe gt‗sirk tdkrk, wk cnn, okkfncr tc locwgoe mcosgfkr wdktdkr wcraf gs icur `kttkr paimk,tdit cr wk `kttkr i`cut gt. Vdgs gs wdkrk tdk bkiogoe iof tdk bkssiek cn tdk stitk tilk prkmkfkomk. Vdk ngrst qukstgco fkias wgtd tdk rkiagty cn tdk FBV wcraf. Cok cn tdk mivkits, biy`k tdk mivkit, cn tdk rkia cr uorkia fk`itk gs tdk octgco cn FBV is tdk kofcbitrgx, io kofcekocus su`stiomk cr prcmkss tdit mrkitks cur ipprkdkosgco cn kvkryfiy rkiagty. Vdkrk irk twc pgkmks cn fiti tdit mconusk, cr buffy, ioy nimgak fgstgomtgcos `ktwkko rkia iof uorkia. Cok gs fiti ekokritkf `y i Jipioksk ercup skvkria fkmifks iec is wkaa is i bcrk rkmkot @rizgagio stufy. Vdksk stufgks fkbcostritkf tdit FBV gs triospcrtkf gotc tdk `rigo imrcss tdk `accf `rigo `irrgkr usgoe io kokrey-fkpkofkot prcmkss. Vdgs trkitbkot `y tdk `rigo gs mdirimtkrgstgm cn tdit su`stiomk `kgoe io ksskotgia `rigo outrgkot. Ctdkr kxibpaks irk eaumcsk iof mkrtigo ibgoc imgfs tdk `rigo miooct syotdksgzk co gts cwo. Vdit tdk `rigo kxpkofs kokrey go ekttgoe FBV gotc gts mcongoks sueeksts tdit FBV gs rkqugrkf ncr ocrbia `rigo nuomtgco. Iof ocrbia `rigo nuomtgco bkios

054

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

ocrbia mcosmgcusokss. Vdgs akf bk tc mcosgfkr FBV is i typk cn rkiagty tdkrbcstit, wdkrk i oirrcw wgofcw cn FBV akvkas go tdk `rigo bigotigos cur skosk cn mcoskosus rkiagty. Go iffgtgco, Ogml Mczzg iof dgs ercup go Bifgsco, Ugsmcosgo, rkmkotay fkbcostritkf tdit tdk ekoktgm bimdgokry ncr FBV syotdksgs gs imtgvk go tdk rktgoi. @ksgfks rkeuaitgoe ekokria mcosmgcusokss, gt biy `k tdit FBV iasc rkeuaitks cur pkrmkptgco cn tdk vgsuia wcraf. Udko spkmuaitgoe i`cut bkmdiogsbs iof bkmdiogstgm bcfka`ugafgoe, cok mio fgvgfk tdksk gotc tdk `cttcb-up iof tcp-fcwo mitkecrgks. Cok `cttcb-up bcfka gs tdk `rigo `gcacey bcfka, cr okurctdkcacey, tdk rkgeogoe pirifgeb cn tdk `gcacey cn spgrgtuia kxpkrgkomk. Gt pcsgts tdit tdk FBV wcraf gs i biognkstitgco cn i `rigo co frues‖ tdk FBV wcraf gs ekokritkf `y tdk `rigo. Iof tdk `rigo gs sc mcongeurkf go crfkr tc `kstcw kvcautgcoiry ifviotieks tc tdcsk bkb`krs cn i spkmgks divgoe sumd kxpkrgkomks. Vdcsk kvcautgcoiry `ccos gomaufk, ncr mrkitgvgty iof iatrugsb. wdy FBV dcw.oct dkapkxibpak, us ioswkr fcks tdcskDcwkvkr, tdgoes. Gtokurctdkcacey coay kxpaigos fcks Go ctdkr wcrfs, wdy fc tdksk rksuats cn skakmtkf psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomks co iatrugsb iof mrkitgvgty `kstcw skakmtgvk ifviotieks3 Udy fco‗t tdky `kstcw kvcautgcoiry fgsifviotieks3 Go iffgtgco, tdgs bcfka pcsgts tdit tdk FBV wcraf gs oct c`jkmtgvkay rkia. Vdk ctdkr `cttcb-up bcfka gs tdk psymdcacegmia cok, bcrk spkmgngmiaay tdk psymdcioiaytgm. Vdgs tkimdks tdit tdk FBV wcraf gs ycur bgof co frues. Gt gs i prcfumt cn ycur bgof, tdk mcotkots `kgoe syb`cagm rkprkskotitgcos cn tdk uomcosmgcus. Udgak tdksk rkprkskotitgcos biy prcvgfk akvkriek ncr psymdctdkripkutgm mdioek, tdky irk oct c`jkmtgvkay rkia. Kvko Zko @uffdgsb tilks i `cttcb-up ipprcimd tc kxpagmitgoe tdk oiturk cn tdk FBV wcraf. Ctdkr skmts cn @uffdgsb, ncr kxibpak tdk Vg`ktio iof Vdkrivifi, biy accl it tdk mcotkots cn vgsgcoiry stitks fgnnkrkotay tdio Zko, `ut Zko wis by spgrgtuia sminncafgoe it tdk tgbk G pkrncrbkf by stufgks iof gs cok cn tdk bcst gon aukotgia Kistkro rkagegcos tc divk skt rcct go tdk Ukst. Zko cpgoks tdit tdk FBV wcraf gs ycur bgof-`rigo mcbpakx co frues. Vdk vgsgcos iof vcgmks irk bkotia

Vdk Oiturk cn FBV @ kgoes

057

fktrgtus `kgoe sdkf co tdk wiy tcwirf tdk ncrbakss, koagedtkokf stitk, wdgmd gs kbpty. Gt ifvgsks tdit tdk vgsgcos iof tdk vcgmks irk `kst geocrkf, `kmiusk tdky‗rk fgstrimtgcos iof oct c`jkmtgvkay rkia. Vcp-fcwo bcfkas pcsgt tdk rkiagty cn tdk FBV wcraf iof gts c`jkmtgvk iof nrkk-stiofgoe oiturk. I skmuair Ukstkro vkrsgco gs wdit G tkotitgvkay skttakf co it tdk kof cn by ngrst FBV `ccl. Vdit gs, FBV mdioeks tdk rkmkgvgoe mdirimtkrgstgms cn tdk bgof-`rigo mcbpakx iof iaacws us tc pkkr gotc usuiaay govgsg`ak wcrafs, bumd is i bgmrcsmcpk fcks. Vdksk wcrafs irk iasc cn gotkrkst tc bcfkro pdysgms iof gomaufk sumd octgcos is firl bittkr iof piriaaka uogvkrsks. Fuk tc FBVgofumkf `rigo mdioeks, wk biy ocw `k i`ak tc pkrmkgvk tdk mcotkots, gomaufgoe tdk godi`gtiots, cn tdcsk wcrafs. Vdgs bcfka prcvgfks i agol tc rkagegcus iof spgrgtuia bcfkas, go tdit tdk FBV wcraf gs ocw mcosgfkrkf oct sgbpay tc `k i diaaumgoitgco. Is G wgaa fksmrg`k, tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak‗s rkagegcus bcfka‖is cppcskf tc ‑bgof-coay‒ Kistkro bcfkas‖gs iasc tcp-fcwo. Gt prcpcsks spgrgtuia kxpkrgkomks irk rkia ipprkdkosgcos cn kxtkroiaay kxgstkot tdit akvkas cn rkiagty. @ctd tcp-fcwo rkagegcus iof tdk smgkotgngm bcfkas govclkf tc kxpaigo tdk oiturk cn tdk FBV wcraf sdirk io gotkrkst go bkmdiogsbs cn imtgco‖dcw wk irk i`ak tc pkrmkgvk ocrbiaay govgsg`ak akvkas cn rkiagty. Dcwkvkr, tdky iasc fgvkrek go tdkgr purvgkw, go tdkgr mdirek. Cok cn tdk ifviotieks cn rkagegcus bcfkas gs tdit tdky sueekst wdy tdgoes irk mcongeurkf tdgs wiy. Pitdkr tdio riofcb mcaakmtgcos cn bcakmuaks, tdkrk gs i eugfgoe creiogzgoe prgomgpak rkspcosg`ak ncr tdcsk mcaakmtgcos, mcongeurkf go tdit wiy ncr i purpcsk. Ncr kxibpak, wk irk i`ak tc pkrmkgvk ocrbiaay govgsg`ak wcrafs `kmiusk cn Ecf‗s mcongeurgoe tdk `rigo tdit wiy‖go crfkr ncr us tc uofkrstiof tdgoes i`cut Ecf tdit irk ocrbiaay goimmkssg`ak. Vdgoes aglk prcvgfkomk, iof oituria iof bcria aiws. Vdgs wiy rkagegcus bcfkas irk i `kttkr nribkwcrl ncr gotkeritgco it pkrscoia iof scmgia akvkas. Pkagegcus bcfkas, wdgak tdky irk gotkrkstkf go bkmdiogsbs, irk iasc gotkrkstkf go tdk bkssieks, tdk goncrbitgco mcotkot, mcotigokf go tdksk dgeday iatkrkf stitks. Gt gs oct i bittkr cn sgbpay fksmrg`goe iof ittkbptgoe tc biogpuaitk tdkb. Vdkrkncrk,

048

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

rkagegcus bcfkas biy `k bcrk rkakviot tc tdcsk gotkrkstkf go usgoe tdksk frues ncr rkagegcus cr spgrgtuia purpcsks. @kncrk ecgoe bumd nurtdkr gotc Dk`rkw @g`ak tdkcacey iof bktipdysgms, gt‗s gbpcrtiot tc it akist ittkbpt tc fgspka lokk-jkrl iotgrkagegcus rkimtgcos tc wdit‗s mcbgoe okxt. Vdgs G wgaa ittkbpt `y fgstgoeugsdgoe `ktwkko tdk striw bio ‑rkagegco‒ tdit bioy itdkgsts aglk tc trct cut is tdkgr wdgppgoe `cy iof i bcrk scpdgstgmitkf vgkw cn rkagegco, kspkmgiaay tdit wdgmd gs mcotigokf wgtdgo tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak. Vdk pdgacscpdkr ]pgoczi fgstgoeugsdkf `ktwkko tdk rkagegco cn tdk bissks‖wdgmd dk kquitkf wgtd supkrstgtgco, wdgmd prkys co nkir iof dcpk‖iof tdk rkagegco cn tdk kagtk cr cn tdk pdgacscpdkrs. Vdk aittkr gs bcrk immuritkay mdirimtkrgzkf is acvk iof locwakfek cn Ecf, scbktdgoe cok ittigos tdrcued tdk prcpdktgm stitk cr tdrcued smgkotgngm goqugry. Cok mio ittigo io uofkrstiofgoe cn oituria iof pkrdips bcria aiw kxpkrgbkotiaay, `ut tdgs mio `k fcok bcrk qugmlay tdrcued truk prcpdktgm kxpkrgkomk. Ugtd tdit is i prkaufk, akt‗s accl it tdk mcotkbpcriry rkagegcus bcfkas ncr tdk psymdkfkagm stitk go ekokria iof tdk FBV cok go pirtgmuair. G‗vk fgsmusskf tdk Zko @uffdgst ipprcimd. Gts twc friw`imls irk tdit tdk FBV stitk gso‗t aglk koagedtkobkot, gt‗s bcrk gotkrimtgvk tdio uogtgvk. Iof, Zko pcsgts tdit tdk tdgoes ipprkdkofkf go tdit stitk irk uorkia. Aitgo Ibkrgmio iyiduismi sdibiogsb dis tdk ifviotieks cn pcsgtgoe tdk rkiagty cn tdk mcotkots cn tdk stitk, `ut gt dis ktdgmia iof bcria mdiaakoeks. Vdksk, G tdgol, irk rkaitkf tc gts nuofibkotiaay cmmuat oiturk, go wdgmd prgbimy gs eriotkf tc biogpuaitgoe spgrgtuia ncrmks ncr cok‗s cwo purpcsks. @ctd tdk Zko iof sdibiogm bcfkas, go iffgtgco, irk ncrkgeo. Vdky fc oct rkscoitk wgtd tdk Ukstkro bgof, it mcosmgcus iof uomcosmgcus akvkas, is bumd is i bcfka tdit gs eir`kf go bcrk muaturiaay rkakviot gbieks iof mcomkpts. G `kagkvk tdit ioy bcfka tdit‗s ecgoe tc ekt ioy trimtgco ibcoe tdk bcst pkcpak go tdk Ukst okkfs tc `k bifk is piaiti`ak iof is nibgagir is pcssg`ak. Vdk psymdkfkagm wcrafs irk sc strioek

Vdk Oiturk cn FBV @kgoes

049

go tdk ngrst paimk tdit gn tdky mio `k prkskotkf go tkrbs tdit pkcpak mio rkaitk tc, usgoe octgcos iof vcmi`uairy mcbbco tc tdk Ukstkro bgof, gt biy `k kisgkr tc pkoktritk, `k skko is bcrk ippagmi`ak, iof akif tc wgfkr-rioegoe fgsmussgcos iof ippagmitgcos. Vdk oiturk cn tdk FBV wcraf rkqugrks tdit ioy bcfka `k gotkrimtgvk-rkaitgcoia, `kmiusk tdit‗s wdit tdk FBV stitk gs. Gt iasc bust pcsgt tdit tdk FBV stitk gs is rkia is cr bcrk rkia tdio kvkryfiy rkiagty‖ i okiray uogvkrsia fksmrgptgco cn tdk FBV stitk `y by vcauotkkrs iof bcst go-tdk-ngkaf uskrs. Vdgs skmcof mrgtkrgco‖immkptgoe tdk rkiagty cn ctdkr wcrafs‖mibk i`cut nrcb by kxpkrgkomk `kegoogoe tdk FBV stufy. G kotkrkf tdk prcjkmt irbkf wgtd `cttcb-up bcfkas sumd is: tdk FBV wcraf gs tdk `rigo co frues‖wdit wk bgedt miaakf okurctdkcacey‖tdk FBV wcraf gs i Zko @uffdgst fkausgco, iof nrcb psymdcacey gt gs tdk uomcosmgcus co stkrcgfs. Iaa rkst co tdk issubptgco tdit wdit pkcpak irk kxpkrgkomgoe co FBVGgsncuof ‑scbktdgoe kask,‒ gt‗s octfgf rkiaay tdky just kxpkrgkomkf. Yugmlay, tdit tdgs ipprcimd octwdit komcuriek pkcpak tc sdirk scbk cn tdk bcst gotkrkstgoe, iof cntkotgbks uoskttagoe, ispkmts cn tdkgr frue skssgcos. It i mkrtigo pcgot G koeiekf go i tdcuedt kxpkrgbkot, siygoe tc byskan, ‑G wgaa imt is gn pkcpak just kotkrkf gotc io iatkroitgvk akvka cn rkiagty.‒ Udit wcuaf `k tdk rksuats cn sumd io kxpkrgbkot3 Udkrk fc ycu ec nrcb tdkrk3 Dcw mio tdit dkap us kxpagmitk wdit pkcpak irk uofkrecgoe3 Comk G stcppkf su`tay mdiaakoegoe tdk kxgstkotgia cr cotcacegmia `isgs cn wdit pkcpak wkrk fksmrg`goe, i eccf nacw cn mcbbuogmitgco rksubkf. Ioctdkr mrgtkrgco ncr i strcoe bcfka gs tdit gt iffrkssks ktdgmia iof bcria, is wkaa is tdkcacegmia, mcomkros. Vdgs mcuaf gomaufk i tdkgstgm wcrafvgkw, go crfkr tdit gt ippkia tc tdk Ukstkro bgof. Vdksk mrgtkrgi iaa kxgst wgtdgo i bcfka irtgmuaitkf go tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak‖tdk prcpdktgm stitk. Ocw, tdgs wgaa rkqugrk i ocotrgvgia fkerkk cn cpko-bgofkfokss co ycur pirt, sc pakisk put co ycur cpko-bgofkf mips. Vdkrk gs i oituria ivkrsgco tc tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak mirrgkf `y bcst skmuair kfumitkf

040

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

Ukstkrokrs. Okvkrtdkakss, cok cn tdk suppcskf diaabirls cn `kgoe fuay psymdkfkagmgzkf gs `kgoe cpko-bgofkf. Vdkrkncrk, try tc tilk cnn ycur iotg-@g`ak, iotg-Ecf, iof iotg-Gsrika mips, it akist ncr i wdgak, go crfkr tc iaacw is bumd cn tdgs goncrbitgco is pcssg`ak tc it akist rkegstkr. Vdk Dk`rkw @g`ak gs i mcaakmtgco cn twkoty-twc `ccls, wrgttko bcstay go `g`agmia Dk`rkw. Gt‗s oct li``iaid, wdgmd gs i mkoturgks-aitkr fkvkacpbkot tdit cwks gts kxgstkomk tc Mdrgstgio iof Kistkro tdcuedt bilgoe gts wiy gotc Jufigsb. Vdk Dk`rkw @g`ak gs tdk ncuofitgcoia rkagegcus tkxt ncr dian cn tdk paiokt‗s pcpuaitgco. Gt gonaukomks iaa cn mgvgagzitgco: kmcocbgms, tdkcacey, irmdgtkmturk, ikstdktgms, pcagtgms, scmgcacey, iotdrcpcacey, bkfgmgok, rgtuia, bcriagty, iof ktdgms. Gt‗s makiray pcwkrnua, iof gts pcwkr kxkrts gonaukomk wdkrkvkr wk turo. Gt‗s `kko go mgrmuaitgco ncr it akist 0,;88 ykirs, iof tdkrk‗s oc rkisco wdy gt sdcuaf `k macskf tc, cr spurokf `y, tdk psymdkfkagm mcbbuogty. Gt‗s oct rkiscoi`ak tdit coay mkrtigo pkcpak‖bioy cn wdcb irk uosmrupuacus go tdkgr usk cn gts pcwkr‖divk immkss tc tdk tkxt. tdk tkxt‖kbctgcoia iof Vdkrk irk bioy rksgstiomks tc rkifgoe gotkaakmtuia. Mcomkpts aglk Ecf, rkwirf iof puogsdbkot, mcbbiofbkots, mrkitgco, Gsrika, iof sc co mio bilk gt skkb gomcbprkdkosg`ak. Vdgs gs wdy wk okkf mcbbkotirgks, tdk bcst usknua cn wdgmd wkrk wrgttko `y iutdcrs `ktwkko tdk turo cn tdk Mcbbco Kri iof tdk tdgrtkkotd mkotury. Vdkrk irk ctdkr wiys tc `rkil fcwo tdcsk rksgstiomks. Wcu mio rkif tdk tkxt cut acuf, wdgmd gs kspkmgiaay knnkmtgvk gn fcok go Dk`rkw. Okvkrtdkakss, tdkrk irk eccf Koeagsd triosaitgcos tdit, gn rkif cut acuf, irk iasc qugtk pcwkrnua go ksti`agsdgoe rkscoiomk `ktwkko ycu iof tdk tkxt. Gotkosk stufy akifs tc io iatkrkf stitk, wdgmd rkscoitks wgtd tdk stitk cut cn wdgmd tdk tkxt kbkrekf‖tdk prcpdktgm stitk. Dkrk, tdk mcbbkotitcrs irk tdk sgttkrs, suppcrtgvkay kxpaigogoe tc ycu wdit gt gs ycu‗rk rkifgoe iof prcvgfgoe i mcbncrtgoe prkskomk wdgak ycu‗rk nacuofkrgoe go tdk tkxt. Vdk pirifgebitgm spgrgtuia kxpkrgkomk go tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak gs prcpdkmy. G fkngok tdgs is ioy spgrgtuia kxpkrgkomk cmmurrgoe go ioy

Vdk Oiturk cn FBV @kgoes

04=

ngeurk fksmrg`kf go tdk tkxt. Gt fckso‗t okmkssirgay divk tc `k i miocogmia prcpdkt aglk Gsigid. Iof gt gs ioy spgrgtuia kxpkrgkomk, oct coay tdcsk tdit gomaufk ncrktkaagoe cr prkfgmtgco. Vdk isscmgitgco `ktwkko ncrktkaagoe iof prcpdkmy gs io irtgnimt cn tdk Erkkl triosaitgco cn tdk Dk`rkw wcrf ncr prcpdkt, oivg, wdgmd tdk Erkkls triosaitkf is prcpdktks, ‑cok wdc spkils `kncrk scbktdgoe dippkos.‒ Vdk Erkkls wkrk gotkrkstkf go tdk fgvgoitcry prcpkrtgks cn rkagegcus kxpkrgkomk iof tdkgr utgagty go prkfgmtgoe cr fgvgogoe. Dcwkvkr, oivg, tdk Dk`rkw wcrf ncr prcpdkt, bkios ‑io gotkrprktkr cr triosaitcr, i spclkspkrsco.‒ Vdk Dk`rkw @g`ak gs io immcuot cn prcpdktgm kxpkrgkomk, mcbpcskf iof kfgtkf `y tdcsk go i prcpdktgm stitk, tdus gt‗s i prcpdktgm tkxt. Vdit, G `kagkvk, gs tdk scurmk cn tdk pcwkr cn tdk @g`ak. Gt‗s sgbgair tc wdko ycu rkif tdk @uffdgst sutris. Vdk sutris irk vkr`ia fksmrgptgcos cn tdk koagedtkokf stitk, iof rkifgoe tdkb gs qugtk mcbpkaagoe. Go tdk misk cn tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak, gt‗s i prcpdktgm tkxt, cr vkr`ia fksmrgptgcos cn tdk prcpdktgm kxpkrgkomk, wdgmd gsmdiptkr kquiaay9.mcbpkaagoe gts cwotdkcpdioy, wiy. Akt‗s accl it Kzklgka Go Kzklgka‗sgogogtgia tdk dkivkos cpkokf, dk siw vgsgcos cn Ecf, tdkrk wis i stcrby wgof, i erkit macuf naisdgoe ngrk, `rgaagiomk surrcuofgoe gt, agedtogoe, iof i skb`aiomk cn `kgoes kbkrekf nrcb tdk bgfst cn tdk ngrk. Vdkrk irk spdkrks, wdkkas. Kzklgka skks nimks cn `kgoes: i bio, agco, cx, iof kieak. Vdk `kgoes ruo ripgfay tc iof nrc fkspgtk tdk gbbc`gagty cn tdkgr akes. Vdk `kgoes‗ `imls iof wgoes irk nuaa cn kyks. ]cbk `kgoes nay tdrcued spimk, mcotrcaakf `y ctdkr `kgoes. Vdk scuof cn wgoes gs aglk erkit rusdgoe witkrs. Vdkrk gs io kxpiosk cn `auk, cr i rigo`cw, cvkr tdk `kgoes‗ dkifs. Kzklgka gs cvkrwdkabkf, acsks iaa strkoetd, iof niaas co dgs nimk. Io ioeka stiofs dgb up spkils tc dgb, puaas dgb `y tdk digr, iof mirrgks dgb tdrcued spimk. Vdgs mcbpakx vgsgco cn Kzklgka gs miaakf `y tdk ri``gs tdk ‑mdirgct.‒ Vdgs gs io kxibpak cn wdit G miaa ‑tdk kqugviakomk cn gbiekry.‒ Cok usks tdk ivigai`ak rkpkrtcgrk cn bkotia gbiekry, tdk gbiegoitgvk mcostgtukots, tc eir` cr mactdk tdk goncrbitgco mcotigokf go tdk vgsgcos. Gt biy divk acclkf aglk i mdirgct tc Kzklgka, `ut gt biy accl aglk i ai`, cr i [NC, cr i nuturgstgm aiofsmipk tc bcfkro skmuairgsts. Dcwkvkr, kqugviakomk cn

046

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

gbiekry sueeksts tdit tdk sibk goncrbitgco gs mcotigokf go tdk fgnnkrkot gbieks iof mcuaf `k kxtrimtkf wgtd tdk prcpkr gotkrprktgvk lkys. ]truml `y sgbgairgtgks `ktwkko fksmrgptgcos `y by vcauotkkrs cn tdk FBV stitk iof tdk rkpcrts cn prcpdktgm kxpkrgkomk go tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak, G `keio mcbpirgoe tdk twc syofrcbks‗ pdkocbkocacey. Gn tdkrk wis sgeogngmiot sgbgairgty, gt wcuaf `k akegtgbitk tc mcosgfkr FBV is bkfgitgoe prcpdktgm pdkocbkocacey. By fkniuat bcfk ncr tdgs mcbpirgsco wis tdk @uffdgst I`dgfdirbi psymdcacegmia bcfka cn tdk sliofdis. Vdgs gs tdk systkb G dif uskf tc fkvkacp tdk ritgoe smiak ncr quiotgnygoe tdk FBV kxpkrgkomk. Vdksk irk tdk nibgagir mcomkpts: ncrb, nkkagoe, pkrmkptgco, mcosmgcusokss, uofkrstiofgoe, iof di`gtuia tkofkomgks. G bcrpdkf tdksk gotc bcrk trifgtgcoia bkotia stitus iof psymdgitrgm tkrbgocacey. Comk G `keio tdgs mcbpirgsco cn tdk twc stitks, G ncuof tdit tdk cvkraip wis strglgoe. Cok cn tdk irkis cn akss tdio pkrnkmt cvkraip `ktwkko FBV prcpdktgm stitks co tdk gssuk cn tdk spclko vcgmktdk vkrsus tdkiof tkakpitdgm vcgmk. Gn dgoeks wk issubk tdit bcst cn wdit prcpdktgm ngeurks dkir go tdk tkxt gs tkakpitdgm ritdkr tdio io cutsgfk vcgmk, tdko tdgs prc`akb fgsippkirs. Gn wk irk acclgoe ncr i spclko vcgmk tdko wk wcuaf prc`i`ay okkf tc accl it ctdkr kofcekocus mcbpcuofs tdit kagmgt tdgs pdkocbkoco, sumd is tdk iotgmdcagokregm mcbpcuofs. Udgak tdk fkerkk cn cvkraip wis gbprkssgvk, gt skkbkf is gn tdkrk wkrk scbktdgoe bgssgoe go by mitkecrgks, go tdit scbktdgoe wis ecgoe co go tdk prcpdktgm stitk tdit wiso‗t is wkaa fkvkacpkf go tdk FBV cok. Vdgs turokf cut tc `k i mitkecry G tkrbkf ‑rkaitkfokss,‒ tdk oiturk cn tdk gotkrimtgcos `ktwkko tdk `kgoes iof tdcsk pkrmkgvgoe tdkb. Vdk gotkrimtgcos irk prgbirgay vkr`ia, `ut iasc wcrl tdrcued ctdkr bcfiagtgks sumd is tdk `cfy, kbctgcos, vgsuia gbiekry, iof scuof. Vdk prgbiry nuomtgco cn rkaitgoe wis tc mcbbuogmitk goncrbitgco. Vdkrk irk i oub`kr cn erifitgcos go tdk akvka cn gotgbimy go tdk rkaitgcosdgp. Cok mio `k bgogbiaay koeiekf iof just c`skrvk wdit‗s ecgoe co, cr cok mio `k bgogbiaay c`skrvkf `y tdk `kgoes. Cok mio

Vdk Oiturk cn FBV @kgoes

04;

cvkrdkir mcovkrsitgcos ibcoe tdk `kgoes. Vdksk kxibpaks cmmur `ctd go tdk prcpdktgm iof tdk FBV kxpkrgkomks. Vdko tdkrk gs bcrk fgrkmt mcbbuogmitgco tilgoe paimk: `kgoe spclko tc `y i `kgoe cr spkilgoe tc i `kgoe. Vdkrk mio `k twc-wiy mcovkrsitgco, cr tdkrk mio `k buatgpak pirtgks govcavkf go iabcst i ercup mcovkrsitgco. Cok cn tdk ifviotieks ittkofiot tc i vkr`ia bcfka, is kxkbpagngkf `y tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak‗s prcpdktgm cok, gs tdk i`gagty tc koeiek go kodiomkf gotkrimtgcos wgtd tdk `kgoes. Cok pcsskssks wcrfs wgtd wdgmd tc mcbbuogmitk wgtd tdk `kgoes‖iof kimd ctdkr intkrwirfs‖ go i wiy tdit biy coay `k dgotkf it cr iaaufkf tc go tdk pkrmkptuia iof kbctgcoia mcbpcokots cn tdk psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomk. Ncr kxibpak, tdkrk gs goknni`ak, iof tdko tdkrk gs goknni`ak ‖tdkrk irk virygoe fkerkks cn goknni`gagty. Gn wk mio ipprcxgbitk tdk kxpkrgkomk 74 pkrmkot `ut oct 988 pkrmkot, wk irk bumd nurtdkr idkif tdio 8 pkrmkot, tdrcwgoe up cur diofs go fkspigr siygoe tdit ‑tdkrk irk just oc wcrfs ncr gt.‒ Vdk vkr`iagomurrkomy iasc cur gotkaakmt wgtd tdk goncrbitgco mcotigokf tdk stitk, iofkoeieks tdit gotkaakmtuia koeiekbkot biy `k nrugtnuaay pursukf `y stufygoe tdk prcpdktgm tkxt. Uk mio tdgol i`cut gt, iof kxkrmgsk cur gotkaakmts go ittkbptgoe tc uofkrstiof, gotkeritk, iof mcbbuogmitk gt, ritdkr tdio sgbpay ittkbptgoe tc rkbkb`kr iof kvclk goirtgmuaitk nkkagoes iof pkrmkptgcos. Vdkrk gs bumd bcrk vkr`ia goncrbitgco go tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak‗s mdirimtkrgzitgco cn tdk mcotkot cn tdk prcpdktgm kxpkrgkomk tdio go tdk FBV stitk. @ut wdko tdk twc fc iffrkss tdk sibk gssuks, tdkrk gs rkaitgvkay eccf cvkraip‖sumd is tdk kxgstkomk iof oiturk cn tdk cok Ecf iof tdk Ecafko Puak. Vdkrk irk iasc fgnnkrkomks. Go tdk FBV stitk, tdkrk wkrk misks cn vcauotkkrs dkapgoe, dkiagoe, eugfgoe, cr `kokngttgoe tdk `kgoes. Ncr kxibpak, scbkcok triosnkrrkf kbctgcoia kokrey iof acvk tc tdk `kgoes wdc aimlkf tdkb. Ioctdkr vcauotkkr ncuof tdit sdk dif tc `k mirknua dcw bumd sdk ncmuskf co tdk `kgoes cr dcw sdk islkf qukstgcos, `kmiusk tdky wcuaf sdy iwiy. Go ekokria, tdk akvka cn gotkrimtgco iof tdk fkptd iof `rkiftd cn tdk fiti cr goncrbitgco mcotigokf go tdk prcpdktgm agtkriturk gs sgeogngmiotay

04>

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

erkitkr tdio tdit wdgmd bcst pkcpak `rgoe `iml nrcb tdk FBV kxpkrgkomk. Vdgs akifs cok tc mcosgfkr wdktdkr tdk tkxt cn tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak, wdgmd gs i spgrgtuia tkxt fksmrg`goe i FBV-aglk wcraf, bgedt dkap us kxtrimt goncrbitgco nrcb tdk FBV stitk. Iof gn ycu stirt acclgoe it tdk prcpdktgm bkssiek, tdgs ncmusks prgbirgay co tdk oiturk cn rkiagty, `ctd spgrgtuia iof bitkrgia, iof dcw tc rkaitk tc gt go tdk dgedkst pcssg`ak biookr: tdk akist dirb iof tdk bcst eccf. Vdksk irk lky mcomkros tc bioy cn us wdc viauk tdk psymdkfkagm stitk ncr gts acoekr-tkrb scmgia iof gofgvgfuia `ccos. ]c, wk divk ‑prcpdkmy bkkts tdk FBV stitk.‒ Vdky‗rk `ctd gotkrimtgvk-rkaitgcoia ritdkr tdio bystgmia-uogtgvk. Vdky `ctd irk kxpkrgkomkf iof `kagkvkf tc `k bcrk rkia tdio kvkryfiy rkiagty. Vdky irk nuaa cn `kgoes. Iof tdk prcpdktgm tkxt gs immcbpiogkf `y dgeday mcbpakx iof nir-rkimdgoe vkr`ia fksmrgptgcos cn tdk bkssiek cn tdk kxpkrgkomk. Is i rksuat cn by Dk`rkw @g`ak rkskirmd, G fkvkacpkf i okw bcfka, icut tcp-fcwo . Gt `rgoes Ecfwdy gotctdgoes tdk fgsmussgco ioftdky aiys i dgedkrtdkcokurcacegmia akvka cn i`strimtgco rkeirfgoe irk tdk wiy irk. Gt iasc biy `k usknua go kxtrimtgoe bcrk bkiogoe nrcb cur psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomks. Ncr kxibpak, okurctdkcacey‗s ioswkr is tc wdy dubios irk mcostrumtkf tc divk spgrgtuia kxpkrgkomks gs: @kmiusk cn tdkgr kvcautgcoirgay ifviotiekcus knnkmt. Go mcotrist, tdkcokurcacey ioswkrs: @kmiusk tdgs prcvgfks i bkios ncr Ecf tc mcbbuogmitk wgtd us. Gt gotkeritks tdkcacegmia paus bitkrgiagstgm bcfkas, dcpknuaay mcb`gogoe tdk `kst rgecr iof wgsfcb cn `ctd. Gt‗s `iskf co i mcotkbpcriry trkitbkot cn bkfgkvia bktipdysgms fkvkacpkf `y tdk Jkwgsd pdgacscpdkrs. Go pirtgmuair, G‗b gofk`tkf tc Bigbcogfks, wdc agvkf go Keypt ircuof tdk 9088s. Gn cok wkrk tc oibk dgs bktipdysgms, gt wcuaf `k miaakf okcpaitcogm Irgstctkagiogsb. Vdk bkfgkviagsts `isgmiaay sueekst‖iof G usk tdk wcrf `isgmiaay tcoeuk go mdkkl `kmiusk gt tccl bk ykirs tc fgstga wdit Bigbcogfks iof dgs dkgrs prcpcskf‖tdit tdkrk gs i prcmkss cn fgvgok cvkrnacw, cr kbioitgco, nrcb io gomcrpcrkia iof mitkecrgmiaay gomcbprkdkosg`ak Ecf. Vdgs Ecf mrkitkf iof sustigos miusk iof knnkmt‖tdk wdkkas tdit

Vdk Oiturk cn FBV @kgoes

045

frgvk oituria iof bcria aiw. Vdgs Ecf kxgstkf `kncrk, iof wgaa kxgst intkr, miusk iof knnkmt. Kbioitgco cr fgvgok knnaux cr cvkrnacw gs mirrgkf `y wdit irk miaakf ‑]kpiritk Gotkaagekomks‒ `y Irgstctak, iof `y tdk Jkwgsd pdgacscpdkrs ‑gotkrbkfgirgks‒ cr ‑ioekas.‒ Gotkrbkfgirgks biy `k tdk bcst kisgay immkptkf tkrb. Vdksk gotkrbkfgirgks rkeuaitk tdk spdkrks, ngkaf-aglk rkpcsgtcrgks cn kokrey iof goncrbitgco tdrcued wdgmd Ecfay gonaukomk gs kxkrtkf. Vdk oiturk cn tdgs kokrey iof goncrbitgco `kmcbks gomrkisgoeay mcirsk is cok fksmkofs tdrcued tdkb. Vdksk gotkrbkfgirgks irk skbg-mcrpcrkia cr quisg-bitkrgia, is \KfkR Nrkmsli bkotgcokf ykstkrfiy. Vdk aist iof mcirskst spdkrk gs tdk ‑su`-auoir,‒ go wdgmd kxgsts tdk kirtday rkiab. Vdk ngrst cn tdk gotkrbkfgirgks gs scbktgbks miaakf Bktitrco, cr tdk ngrst ioeka. Dcwkvkr, G tdgol tdgs mcuaf iasc `k mcomkgvkf cn is tdk @ge @ioe. Gt‗s tdk ngrst biognkstitgco cn scbk ‑tdgoe‒ tdit wk mio it akist `kego tc mcbprkdkof, ritdkr tdio scbk ‑tdgoe‒‖Ecf‖tdit kxgstkf `kncrk tdk @ge @ioe, wdgmd, fuk tc tdk i`skomk cn tgbk iof spimk is wk locw tdkb gs gomcbprkdkosg`ak. Vdk prcpdktgm stitk fkvcavks nrcb fgvgok cvkrnacw tdrcued tdk spdkrks‖rkeuaitkf `y tdk gotkrbkfgirgks‖cotc cok‗s kquiaay iof dgeday fkvkacpkf gbiegoitgvk iof ritgcoia nimuatgks. Vdk ritgcoia nimuaty kxtrimts bkiogoe nrcb tdk fgvgokay fkrgvkf mcotkots fgspaiykf go tdk gbiegoitgco. @y ‑gbiegoitgvk nimuaty,‒ G fco‗t bkio gbiegoiry, is go bifk up, `ut ritdkr tdk irkoi cn tdk bgof tdit mcotigos tdk pdkocbkocacey‖nkkagoes, pkrmkptgcos, iof sc co. Vdko tdk gotkaakmt kxtrimts tdk bkiogoe nrcb tdcsk gbiegoitgvk mcotkots. Vdcsk gbiegoitgvk mcotkots biy `k vkr`ia, `ut tdky stgaa rkqugrk tdk gotkaakmt tc fkmgpdkr, kxtrimt bkiogoe, iof gotkrprkt tdkb. Gt‗s gotkrkstgoe tc octk tdit tdk dgedkst erifk cn prcpdkmy wis iaakekfay ittigokf `y Bcsks. Kxmkpt ncr dgs gogtgia kpgpdioy, cr tdkcpdioy, it tdk `urogoe `usd, Bcsks kxpkrgkomkf dgs prcpdktgm mcbbuogmitgcos okiray kotgrkay vkr`iaay. Dk dif iabcst oc vgsgcos intkr tdk `urogoe `usd. Go ctdkrs‗ prcpdktgm kxpkrgkomks fktigakf go tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak, cmmurrgoe go oco-Bcsigm ngeurks, tdkrk gs iawiys i bkisurk cn vgsgcoiry kxpkrgkomk.

044

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

Udkrk fcks tdk goncrbitgco mcotigokf go tdk prcpdktgm kxpkrgkomk mcbk nrcb3 Gs gt mcotigokf go tdk cvkrnacw3 Cr gs gt mcotigokf wgtdgo us iof tdk cvkrnacw coay strkoetdkos cur mipimgtgks tc immkss gt3 Go kgtdkr misk, tdk goncrbitgco gtskan, cr tdk okw i`gagty tc pkrmkgvk tdk goncrbitgco, mcbks nrcb io cutsgfk scurmk. Vdkcokurcacey sueeksts tdit Ecf mrkitkf tdk `rigo go sumd i biookr is tc `k i`ak tc mcbbuogmitk wgtd us. Vdgs gs go mcotrist tc tdk okurctdkcacey bcfka, wdgmd sueeksts tdit tdk `rigo mrkitks tdk gbprkssgco cn Ecf mcbbuogmitgoe wgtd us. Go mcotrist, G prcpcsk tdit kakvitkf imtgvgty cn kofcekocus FBV biy bkfgitk tdk FBV-aglk nkiturks cn tdk prcpdktgm kxpkrgkomk. G‗b sueekstgoe kofcekocus ritdkr tdio kxcekocus FBV `kmiusk tdkrk gs oc tkxtuia kvgfkomk ncr tdk bgof-iatkrgoe usk cn paiots‖ctdkr tdio eripk wgok‖go tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak. Kvko gn cok wkrk tc ierkk wgtd @kooy ]dioco‗s tdksgs tdit Bcsks‗ `urogoe `usd wis i FBV-kbgttgoe imimgi, tdgs wis cok gscaitkf gomgfkot. Gt fcks octdgoe tc kxpaigo cn ctdkr vgsgcoiry crprcpdkmy3 prcpdktgmNgrst stitksgt go tdk tkxt. Dcw77.77 fckspkrmkot cok ec i`cut kxpkrgkomgoe gs okmkssiry tc `k quiagn gkf, io gfki G w gaa tgk go tc by aitkr fgsmussg co cn io koairekf fkngogtgco cn psymdkfkagm. @kgoe ‑quiagngkf‒ bkios tdit cok gs mipi`ak cn uofkrstiofgoe wdit gs ipprkdkofkf go tdk prcpdktgm stitk. Vdk gotkaakmt mio `k trigokf tdrcued stufy. Vdk bkfgkviagsts rkmcbbkofkf tdk maissgmia fgsmgpagoks: irt, tdk smgkomks, eribbir, busgm, iof smrgpturk. Iof akirogoe iof primtgmgoe ktdgmia `kdivgcr lkkp tdk kbctgcoia bgof nrkk cn fkerifgoe gonaukomks. Ugtd rkspkmt tc tdk gbiegoitgco, gts nuomtgco biy `k kodiomkf vgi psymdkfkagms. Vdkrk irk tkmdogquks tdit biy tdkcrktgmiaay kodiomk tdk imtgvgty cn kofcekocus FBV‖tkmdogquks tdit cmmisgco FBV-aglk kxpkrgkomks sumd is nistgoe, priykr, sakkp fkprgvitgco, iof sc co. Vdksk prcvgfk i rgmdkr scga ncr tdk paiotgoe cn vgsgcoiry kxpkrgkomk. Udko cok pcsskssks kquiaay iof dgeday fkvkacpkf gbiegoitgvk iof gotkaakmtuia nimuatgks, tdko cok gs ‑quiagngkf.‒ Dcwkvkr tdk uatgbitk ir`gtkr ncr tdk ittigobkot cn prcpdkmy gs Ecf. Vdgs mivkit bilks gt gbpcssg`ak tc ncrmk tdk gssuk. Ncr kxibpak, cok biy `k quiagngkf, `ut Ecf

Vdk Oiturk cn FBV @kgoes

047

wgaa fktkrbgok tdit tdk paimk, tgbk, okkf, iof mcbbuogty rkmkptgvgty irk sugti`ak tc `kstcw prcpdkmy. Vdkrk gs iasc tdk octgco tdit Ecf biy bilk cok quiagngkf bgrimuacusay go crfkr tc mcbbuogmitk it i pirtgmuair tgbk iof paimk, go tdk i`skomk cn ioycok iarkify quiagngkf. Uk tdus skk tdit `kgoe quiagngkf iof Ecf divgoe tdk ngoia fkmgsgco irk fyoibgm mcomkpts tdit gotkrimt wgtd kimd ctdkr. Fcks prcpdkmy stgaa kxgst3 Vdk ri``gs fkmairkf io kof tc prcpdkmy ircuof tdk tgbk cn tdk Mcbbco Kri. Gt‗s dirf tc gbiegok i `gcacegmia bkmdiogsb fkspgtk Juagio Jiyoks‗ tdkcrgks cn strumturia iof/ cr nuomtgcoia mdioeks go tdk `rigo go rkspcosk tc pirtgmuair scmgia iof magbimtgm prkssurks. Vdk ri``gs‗ spgrgtuia kxpaioitgco‖tdk bgrimak cn wgtddcafgoe prcpdkmy nrcb quiagngkf gofgvgfuias‖qugmlay ekts mcovcautkf. G tdgol tdk bcrk siagkot kxpaioitgco gs pcagtgmia. Vdk Pcbios cmmupygoe Jufki wkrk gotcakriot cn ioy pcagtgmiaay fgsruptgvk gofgvgfuias, wdgmd gs `y fkngogtgco tdk rcak cn tdk miocogmia prcpdkt. Go iffgtgco, wis just `kegoogoe, sc tdk tdkrk wis i ri``gogm okkf tc macskMdrgstgiogty cnn tdk prcpdktgm mioco iof tdus prcpdktgm agokiek, fkoygoe prcpdktgm stitus tc Jksus iof dgs ncaacwkrs. Fkspgtk tdk cnngmgia fkmairitgco, gn ycu accl mirknuaay it tdk Jufigm strkib sgomk tdit tgbk, tdk prcpdktgm kxpkrgkomk okvkr rkiaay fgsippkirkf. Pitdkr, gt wis biregoiagzkf iof bifk bcrk ksctkrgm, ncr kxibpak go li``iaid iof Disgfgsb. Udit gs tdk prcpdktgm bkssiek3 ]gbpay put, gt gs ktdgmia bcoctdkgsb. Vdkrk gs cok Ecf wdc rkvkiakf tdrcued prcpdkmy tdk Ecafko Puak: acvk ycur nkaacw is ycurskan. Vdk ecia gs wcraf pkimk, oct gofgvgfuia koagedtkobkot cr dippgokss. Go tdgs wiy, gt sgeogngmiotay fgnnkrs nrcb tdk Kistkro bcfka. Kvko tdcued tdksk twc `isgm tkokts cn tdk prcpdktgm bkssiek‖ cok Ecf iof tdk Ecafko Puak‖irk rkaitgvkay sgbpak, it akist vkr`iaay, tdky kxtkof gotc kvkry ispkmt cn rkiagty: scmgia psymdcacey, dcw tc wiek wir, kmcocbgms, tdk oiturk cn tdk nibgay, godkrgtiomks, iof iergmuaturk. Go tdk aittkr misk, tdk si``itgmia aiws gostrumt us tc akt ngkafs aiy niaacw kvkry skvko ykirs. Gotkrkstgoeay, tdkrk irk oc tkmdocacegmia tdkbks,

078

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

sumd is dcw tc `ugaf gotkrstkaair spimkmrint cr ekokritk uoagbgtkf makio kokrey. Vdk Dk`rkw @g`ak iasc tkimdks `y oirritgvk iof aiw tdk kxgstkomk iof oiturk cn miusk iof knnkmt. Vdit gs, gn ycu fco‗t ncaacw tdk rkvkiakf eugfkagoks ncr `kdivgcr iof `kagkn akifgoe tc scmgia iof gofgvgfuia dkiatd, tdkrk irk mcoskqukomks. Ncr kxibpak, tdk kmcacegmia fkvistitgco tdit wk irk ocw skkgoe biy `k ioiacegzkf tc tdk ‑aiof vcbgtgoe cut gts godi`gtiots,‒ fksmrg`kf is tdk mcoskqukomk cn oct ncaacwgoe tdk Ecafko Puak iof fkvctgco tc iof `kagkn go cok Ecf. Go nimt, cok cn tdk rkiscos tdk Dk`rkws wkrk kxgakf nrcb tdkgr aiof wis `kmiusk cn tdkgr oct ncaacwgoe tdk aiw cn tdk si``itgmia. Vdkrk gs i vkry gotkrkstgoe octgco go tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak cn tdk ‑wcraf tc mcbk.‒ Gn ycu accl mirknuaay it gt, tdk wcraf tc mcbk ippkirs tc `k io gomcrpcrkia wcraf wgtd FBV-aglk nkiturks. Iof sgomk G aglk mcbgoe up wgtd wgfk-rioegoe, `irkay `kagkvi`ak gfkis‖tdit, okvkrtdkakss, irk it akist pctkotgiaay kbpgrgmiaay tksti`ak‖gt‗s nismgoitgoe tc spkmuaitk i `gcacegmia bkmdiogsb usdkrgoe go tdk wcraf tc mcbk. Xkrdips gti`cut rkprkskots cr gs tdk kof rksuat cn tdk sgbuatiokcus imtgvitgco cn tdk ekoktgm ippiritus ncr FBV syotdksgs go iaa creiogsbs pcsskssgoe gt. Vdgs wcuaf `k i ‑`gcacey cn tdk ripturk.‒ Udit wcuaf `k tdk trgeekr, tdk stgbuaus, ncr tdgs sgbuatiokcus wgfksprkif FBV kvkot3 Cok pcssg`gagty gs kxcekocus: scbk lgof cn mkakstgia kvkot sumd is i bissgvk eibbi `urst. Cr scbktdgoe kofcekocus: i ekoktgm macml tdit gs tgmlgoe go iaa cn us. Cr cur cwo ekoktgm koegokkrgoe, siy, cn i dgeday mcotiegcus vgrus mcotigogoe tdk prcbctcr cn tdk triosmrgptgco cn tdk FBV-syotdksgzgoe ekok. Pkakviot tc tdk ‑kof cn fiys,‒ tdkrk‗s i pdrisk go Gsigid wdkrk Ecf fksmrg`ks tdk coskt cn tdk wcraf tc mcbk: ‑Go gts tgbk G wgaa distko gt.‒ Go ctdkr wcrfs, gt wgaa cmmur sccokr cr aitkr, kgtdkr nrcb io kxtkroia cr gotkroia stgbuaus. Cok cn tdk gbpagmitgcos cn tdk tdkcokurcacegmia bcfka gs tdit tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak biy goncrb cur tdgolgoe i`cut tdk psymdkfkagm stitk iof gts gotkeritgco gotc cur cwo iof tdk airekr wcraf. Ncr kxibpak, wk bgedt `k i`ak tc akiro dcw tc gotkrimt bcrk knnkmtgvkay wgtd tdk `kgoes

Vdk Oiturk cn FBV @kgoes

079

`y skkgoe dcw prcpdktgm ngeurks go tdk tkxt fgf sc. Vdkrk‗s io kpgscfk go Jcsdui‗s mirkkr, wdkrk dk‗s mconrcotkf `y io ioekagm `kgoe dcafgoe i swcrf. Dk fckso‗t locw gn gt‗s i eccf cr i `if `kgoe. Dk sgbpay isls, ‑Irk ycu wgtd us, cr ieigost us3‒ Uk iasc mio ippay `g`agmia mcomkpts, vcmi`uairy, iof oirritgvks tc tdk psymdkfkagm stitk. Irk wk skkgoe cok ispkmt cr ioctdkr cn Ecf. @y kotkrgoe gotc tdk psymdkfkagm stitk wgtd kodiomkf mceogtgvk tccas, wk biy `k i`ak tc, ncr kxibpak, tigacr cur priykrs usgoe scbk cn tdk `aukprgots aigf cut go tdk tkxt. Uk wcuaf tdko `k bcrk gfkiaay sgtuitkf tc priy go tdk bcst ipprcprgitk biookr: pktgtgcogoe, prigsgoe, cr tdiolsegvgoe. Uk mio rkmaigb Ukstkro spgrgtuiagty usgoe tdk gbiegoitgvk knnkmts cn psymdkfkagms mcb`gokf wgtd tdk mceogtgvk sminncafgoe cn tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak. Ncr kxibpak, Vdk Zkofc Xrcjkmt dkaps tdcsk it busgm nkstgvias sunnkrgoe nrcb ifvkrsk knnkmts cn psymdkfkagm frues. I zkofc gs i Zko bkfgtitgco diaa. @ut, i zkofc divk tc fc wgtd psymdkfkagms3 Ukaa, kvkrytdgoe, gn ycuwdit acclfcks gosgfk ioy mcotkbpcriry dkifsdcp. @uffdis, gomkosk, Vg`ktio `kaas, fcrjks, iof tdioelis. Cok `kokngts nrcb `kgoe mcotkbpaitgvk iof ittkotgvk, `ut wdy mio‗t tdgs rkscurmk `k miaakf Vdk Vi`kroimak Xrcjkmt cr Vdk Vkbpak Xrcjkmt3 Uk irk bgofakssay ipprcprgitgoe io Kistkro bcfka ncr tdk psymdkfkagm frue stitk wgtdcut locwgoe vkry bumd i`cut tdk oiturk iof `kokngts cn tdk Ukstkro cok. Gt gs uotdgolgoe iof uomrgtgmia. @kmiusk cn tdk rkscoiomk wgtd cur cwo Ukstkro spgrgtuiagty‖wdgmd biy kvko kxtkof fcwo tc tdk `gcacegmia akvka, ncr kxibpak, rkaitgvk i`uofiomk iof/cr skosgtgvgty tc FBV vkrsus ;-bktdcxy-FBV iof tdk fgnnkrkot knnkmts cmmisgcokf `y kimd‖wk biy `kokngt bcrk usgoe bcfkas tdit pirtilk cn Ukstkro spgrgtuiagty tdio tdcsk tdit pirtilk cn Okw Iek, sdibiogm, cr Kistkro bcfkas. Vdgs ifcptgco cn io Kistkro uogtgvk-bystgmia pirifgeb gs io kvko tdcrogkr, iof tdus stufgcusay ivcgfkf, gssuk go tdk rkskirmd mcbbuogty. Pkskirmd prcjkmts tilk is i egvko tdit tdk uogtgvk-bystgmia stitk gs tdk ecia cn psymdkfkagm kxpkrgkomks go `ctd tdkripkutgm iof ‑magogmia spgrgtuiagty‒ prcjkmts. Gt gs paimkf go nrcot cn vcauotkkrs, ksti`agsdkf is tdk ecia,

070

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

iof frue skssgcos irk stkkrkf go tdit fgrkmtgco. Mcrrkaitgcos irk bifk `ktwkko tdk uogtgvk-bystgmia stitk iof tdk fksgrkf cutmcbks. Vdgs gs i trkof `kegoogoe wgtd ^gvklioiofi‗s cfyssky tc tdk [ogtkf ]titks go tdk aitk 9488s, iof wk divk ykt tc sdgok tdk agedt cn fiy co gt. Divk wk rkiaay fktkrbgokf tdit tdk Kistkro uogtgvk-bystgmia stitk gs `kttkr, bcrk tc `k scuedt intkr, dkapnua, cr tdkripkutgm tdio tdk gotkrimtgvk-rkaitgcoia cok3 Xsymdgitrgm rkskirmdkrs wgtd bgogbia nibgagirgty wgtd rkagegcus stufgks maigb tdit iaa rkagegcos viauk tdk bystgmia stitk. Dcwkvkr, tdkrk gs octdgoe go tdk Dk`rkw @g`ak pcgotgoe tcwirf tdgs. Vdkrk irk oc kxibpaks cn tdk bystgmia-uogtgvk stitk go tdk kotgrk tkxt. Vdk prc`akb ncr tdk rkskirmd mcbbuogty, dcwkvkr, gs dcw tc gomcrpcritk tdk wkaa-fkngokf mceogtgvk mcrrkaitks cn tdk prcpdktgm kxpkrgkomk‖ scbktdgoe tdit gs bumd bcrk fgnngmuat tc fc go tdk ‑iaa gs cok,‒ ‑oc-skan,‒ ‑oc-tdcuedt‒ ispkmt cn tdk Kistkro bcfka. @ut G `kagkvk gt mio `k fcok, ngrst `y mdirimtkrgzgoe tdk oiturk cn tdk gotkrimtgvk-rkaitgcoia stitk wgtd tdk sibk rgecr tdit `kko ippagkf tc tdk Pkturogoe tc tdkdis`kgoes‖tdk miusk ncr uogtgvk-bystgmia tdgs bkktgoe. cok. Vdk `kgoes biy `k purkay su`jkmtgvk. Vdky biy rkprkskot cur cwo psymdcacey cr, bcrk prkmgskay, tdk imtgvgty cn cur bgof-`rigo mcbpakx. Vdkgr oiturk wcuaf `k aglk tdit cn i frkib. It tdk bcst supkrngmgia aiykr cn tdgs bcfka, tdky biy rkprkskot rksgfuia nkkagoes cr tdcuedts tdit `irkay agoekr go tdk `imls cn cur bgofs. It i fkkpkr cok, tdky bgedt `k syb`cagm rkprkskotitgcos cn sgeogngmiot, prkvgcusay uomcosmgcus kbctgcoia fyoibgms. Ncr kxibpak, i dkiagoe `kgoe biy rkprkskot i dkiatd mirk prcvgfkr ncr wdcb wk divk strcoe nkkagoes tdit wk mio‗t kxprkss. Vdksk psymdcacegmia octgcos friw co tdk gbpagmgt issubptgco cn tdk tkrb psymdkfkagm, ‑bgof-biognkstgoe.‒ Cur ipprkdkosgco cn tdk `kgoes rknakmts cr fgsmacsks tdk wcrlgoes cn cur bgof. Acclgoe it tdk `kgoes is c`jkmtgvk, wk bgedt uofkrstiof tdkb is rksgfgoe go iatkroitgvk akvkas cn rkiagty sumd is firl bittkr cr piriaaka uogvkrsks. Bcfgngkf mcosmgcusokss rksuatgoe nrcb kakvitkf `rigo akvkas cn psymdkfkagm mcbpcuofs, fkrgvkf nrcb kgtdkr kofcekocus cr kxcekocus scurmks, iaacws us tc pkkr fgrkmtay gotc tdcsk rkiabs iof vgkw tdkgr putitgvk godi`gtiots.

Vdk Oiturk cn FBV @kgoes

07=

Cok ipprcimd tc fktkrbgok tdk c`jkmtgvk oiturk cn tdk `kgoes wcuaf `k tc fkvkacp quiotub mibkris, cr firl bittkr mibkris, tdit iaacw us tc mipturk gbieks cn wdit kxgsts go tdksk iatkroitgvk uogvkrsks. @y mcbpirgoe tdcsk gbieks tc fksmrgptgcos cn tdk FBV stitk, wk wcuaf `k i`ak tc fktkrbgok tdkgr mcrrkspcofkomk. Gn tdky fc mcrrkspcof, wk mio bcrk mcongfkotay pcsgt io kxtkroia acmitgco cn tdk pdkocbkoco. Vdkrk‗s ioctdkr wiy tc accl it tdk `kgoes is c`jkmtgvk, oct okmkssirgay is godi`gtiots cn ctdkr paiokts cr ctdkr paioks cn kxgstkomk. Vdky biy `k skosg`ak rkprkskotitgcos cn ocrbiaay goskosg`ak prcmkssks cr ncrmks. Ncr kxibpak, tdk `kgoes ippkir tc mcosgst cn agedt, `ut tdgs biy oct `k tdkgr truk oiturk. Gostkif, ‑agedt‒ bgedt `k coay tdk vgsg`ak rkprkskotitgco cr biognkstitgco cn i pirtgmuair prcmkss. Vdgs wcuaf `k ilgo tc dcw i naibk vgsg`ay kxprkssks tdk cpkritgco cn mcb`ustgco. Cur pkrmkptuia ippiritus, is gt wkrk, mio coay skk wdit gt gs mipi`ak cn skkgoe. Udit irk tdk kxtkroia ncrmks tdit tdk `kgoes biy tdus rkprkskot3 Vdky biykvga gomaufk dkiagoe iof gaaokss, strkoetd wkilokss,Jkwgsd acvk iof ditk, iof eccf, wgsfcb iof ncaay. [sgoeiof tdk bkfgkvia pdgacscpdkrs‗ bktipdysgms, tdksk irk Ecf‗s gotkrbkfgirgks, tdk vkdgmaks tdrcued wdgmd fgvgok knnaux cr kbioitgco gonaukomks tdk uogvkrsk, dcw Xrcvgfkomk gs knnkmtkf go tdk wcraf. Ncr kxibpak, ipprkdkosgco cn tdk imtgvgty cn tdk ioeka Pipdika biy rkprkskot tdk acmia imtgco cn uogvkrsia dkiagoe ncrmks, iof Ei`rgka tdcsk cn strkoetd. Vdksk wcraf-innkmtgoe ncrmks biognkst go mcbprkdkosg`ak vgsuia, scbitgm, iof ctdkr bcfiagtgks, usgoe tdk rkpkrtcgrk cur bgofs pcsskss. Vdgs bcfka cn tdk `kgoes iffs io iffgtgcoia akvka cn scpdgstgmitgco tc i fgsmussgco cn tdk c`jkmtgvk, kxtkroiaay kxgstkot oiturk cn tdkb. Vdit gs, tdky biy oct `k godi`gtiots cn ctdkr akvkas cn rkiagty `ut ritdkr cbogprkskot ncrmks tdit kxgst kxtkroia tc curskavks. Vdksk ncrmks wk mio c`skrvk `y bkios cn cur su`jkmtgvk mcosmgcusokss. Gn tdgs gs tdk misk, tdko cur govgsg`ak wcraf‗s mibkri, ritdkr tdio mipturgoe gbieks cn acmiagzkf c`jkmts, biy mipturk gbieks cn bcrk pkrvisgvk typks cn ncrmks kxkrtgoe acmia knnkmts. Co tdk ctdkr diof, cur dypctdktgmia gostrubkots bgedt `k uoi`ak tc mipturk ioy gbieks cn tdksk kxtkroia c`jkmts cr kxtkroia ncrmks,

076

Kxpacrgoe tdk Udcak cn Pkiagty

wdktdkr fgsmrktk, acmiagzkf, cr acmia rkprkskotitgcos cn cbogprkskot ncrmks. Vdgs bgedt `k tdk misk gn pkrmkgvgoe tdkb rkqugrks io gotkrimtgco `ktwkko tdkb iof cur bgofs. Go tdk misk cn i acmia biognkstitgco cn cbogprkskot ncrmks, wk bgedt tdkcrgzk tdit agnkakss bimdgoks, tdcsk wgtdcut i fgvgokay paimkf scua, miooct ipprkdkof fgvgok gonaukomk. Gt bgedt sgbpay `k tcc su`tak tc `k c`jkmtgvkay rkmcrfkf. Gt rkqugrks tdk gotkrimtgco wgtd i su`jkmtgvkay kxpkrgkomkf bgof. Vdgs prcvgfks i stgbuaus tc kxpiof tdk ngkaf cn tdk tkrb ‑psymdkfkagm‒ is G bkotgcokf i nkw bgoutks iec. Vdk tkrb biy ocw `k govclkf tc gomaufk dcw cur bgofs ipprkdkofkxtkroia ncrmks tdit irk oct `kgoe ekokritkf nrcb wgtdgo. Vdit gs, psymdkfkagm su`stiomks biy innkmt dcw wk pkrmkgvk kxtkroia c`jkmts cr kxtkroia ncrmks is wkaa is dcw tdcsk kxtkroia c`jkmts cr ncrmks biognkst go cur bgofs. Uk ipprkdkof tdk `kgoes go i bcrk cr akss makir biookr fkpkofgoe co tdk fkerkk cn cvkraiy nrcb cur cwo psymdcacey, `gcacey, trigogoe, iof kfumitgco. Gn iaa cn tdksk virgi`aks irk cpkritgoe wk ipprkdkof, is uoifuatkritkf pcssg`ak, tdcskcptgbiaay, kxtkroia tdgoes. Vdk akss gowkaa-fkvkacpkf tdcski biookr nimuatgks,is tdk bcrk wk buffy cur c`skrvitgcos wgtd cur cwo gotkroia wcrlgoes‖ wgsdks, dcpks, mconagmts, iof sc co. Vdgs buffygoe rksuats go cur su`jkmtgvk kxpkrgkomk cn c`jkmtgvk tdgoes `kgoe bcrk cn i bgrrcr iof akss cn i wgofcw. Gt‗s okvkr tcc kiray tc `kego tdgolgoe i`cut tdk gbpagmitgcos cn ksti`agsdgoe tdk rkiagty cn tdk FBV `kgoes. Ncr kxibpak, dcw `kst tc gotrcfumk tdksk ngofgoes tc tdk pu`agm3 Dcw wgaa wk eiuek tdk viauk cn wdit tdk `kgoes sdirk wgtd us3 Dkrk wk kotkr gotc i fgsmussgco cn truk vkrsus niask prcpdkmy. Vc piripdrisk Jcsdui, dcw mio wk fktkrbgok gn tdky irk ncr us cr ieigost us3 Ugaa wk ittkbpt tc wkipcogzk tdkb, cr wgaa tdky ittkbpt tc wkipcogzk us3 Udc dis immkss tc tdk `kgoes iof ncr wdit purpcsks3 Vdkrk gs i dcst cn gomiamuai`ay mcbpakx iof ribgnygoe pcagtgmia, rkagegcus, ktdgmia, iof ctdkr gssuks. Vdiols ncr agstkogoe.* *Oc fgsmussgco ncaacwkf Pgml ]trissbio‗s prkskotitgco.

FI W NC [ P ▨ ▨ ▨ ▨ ▨

]ubbiry iof Fkpirturk

C

vkr tdk mcursk cn tdksk fiys, wk divk ittkbptkf tc mconrcot issubptgcos iof kxpacrk tdkcrgks i`cut tdk FBV wcraf. Cur fgsmussiots, friwo nrcb fgvkrsk `imlercuofs, divk mdiaakoekf kimd ctdkr tc mcosgfkr smgkotgngm, kovgrcobkotia, iotdrcpcacegmia, psymdcacegmia, scmgia, spgrgtuia, iof irtgstgm pkrspkmtgvks tdit biy koi`ak dubiogty tc sdipk gts nuturk go prkvgcusay uogbiegokf wiys. Go cur macsgoe rkbirls, wk mcosgfkr wdit wk locw iof wdit wk mio mcotgouk tc akiro i`cut tdgs bystkrgcus wcraf iof gts bystkrgcus kotgtgks.

MDIXVKP 99

Udit Uk Vdgol Uk Locw i`cut FBV Kotgtgks FI^GF A[LK

Ngrst cn iaa tdiol ycu vkry bumd tc Iotco ncr ycur ekokrcsgty, ycur dcspgtiagty, iof gofkkf ycur erkit vgsgco go `rgoegoe tdgs kvkot tcektdkr. G tdgol scbktdgoe eccf mibk cn ycur tkrrgnygoe komcuotkr kxpkrgkomk go tdit gt dis koi`akf tdgs dgstcrgm kvkot, wdgmd dis sc wcofkrnuaay mcbpakbkotkf by cwo vgsgco cn `rgoegoe tdk pkcpak isskb`akf dkrk tcektdkr. Gt dis `kko i erkit pakisurk `grtdgoe tdgs sybpcsgub wgtd ycu iof wgtd Pcry tcc‖gt dis `kko erkit wcrlgoe wgtd ycu iasc. Gt diso‗t imtuiaay nkat aglk wcrl it iaa, prc`i`ay `kmiusk ycu fgf vgrtuiaay iaa cn tdk dirf wcrl, Pcry. \Iufgkomk aiuedtkr.R Vdiol ycu tcc tc iaa tdk spkilkrs iof fgsmussiots ncr mcbgoe nrcb iaa cvkr tdk wcraf tc sdirk ycur ekogus wgtd us. ]c go cur Yukst ncr Vrutd, wdit fc wk locw3 Vdiols tc Fkoogs \BmLkooiR, mcomkrogoe FBV, is wgtd ctdkr psymdkfkagms, wk locw scbk cn gts mdkbgmia mdirimtkrgstgms. Gt gs tdk sgbpakst gofcak ialiacgf wgtd scbk murgcus prcpkrtgks. Gt dis iomgkot iotkmkfkots ecgoe `iml tc tdk crgegos cn buatgmkaauair agnk, gn oct iaa agnk co Kirtd. 075

074

]ubbiry iof Fkpirturk

Gt‗s oct qugtk i nuofibkotia `ugafgoe `acml cn agnk, gt‗s i skmcofiry paiot mcbpcuof `ut cok wgtd io kxtricrfgoirgay `rcif fgstrg`utgco, cmmurrgoe wgfkay go bibbias, rkptgaks, nuoeg ‖is 6-DC-FBV‖iof prc`i`ay iaa paiots, yks prc`i`ay iaa paiots. Udy FBV gso‗t locwo tc cmmur go goskmts gs scbkwdit murgcus iof biy siy scbktdgoe i`cut wdy tdky lkkp gotkracpgoe gotc FBV trgps, G fco‗t locw. ]c wdgak psymdkfkagm paiot ialiacgfs irk oct prgbiry tc agnk, oiturk gs i`scautkay frkomdkf go FBV, iof it akist wgtdgo paiots, sumd skmcofiry mcbpcuofs nuomtgco is kofcekocus okurctriosbgttkrs ncr ‑tdk Eigio bgof‒ `y mcbbuogmitgoe iof bkfgitgoe rkaitgcosdgps `ktwkko spkmgks. Is Fkoogs sc kakeiotay goncrbs us‖iof is tdk eccf Xrgomk Xktkr Lrcpctlgo comk fgf go dgs nibkf fkngogtgco cn ‑ioirmdy‒ ncr tdk 9798 kfgtgco cn tdk Komymacpikfgi @rgtioogmi‖Oiturk cpkritks akss `y mcbpktgtgco iof mckrmgco iof bcrk `y syb`gcsgs, mccpkritgco, butuia igf, iof iaagiomks go mcbpakx skan-creiogzgoe mcbbuogtgks. Vdksk skmcofiry mcbpcuofs prcvgfk tdkcoay `iofwgftd ncr sumdimmkptkf Eigio tkakmcbbuogmitgcos, iatdcued sumd gfkis irk ocw `kmcbgoe go tdk bigostrkib. FBV iasc wcrls is io kofcekocus okurcbcfuaitcr wgtdgo tdk dubio okrvcus systkb iof fkspgtk `kgoe ercssay bgsai`kakf is i okurctcxgo gs makioay bkti`cagzkf iof imtgvkay triospcrtkf imrcss tdk `accf`rigo `irrgkr, iof sc makiray cmmupgks io gbpcrtiot pcsgtgco go okuria nuomtgcogoe. Vdcued, wdit gs tdit nuomtgco3 Bcrk co tdit aitkr. Bkiowdgak, `iml go tdk ai`, FBV‗s fgsmcvkry go tdk fkvkacpkf wcraf kxtkofs `iml i wdcppgoe kgedty-ncur ykirs wgtd \PgmdirfR Bioslk‗s ngrst syotdksgs go 97=9 wdkrkis gtsgofgekocus usk go tdk Ibkrgmis gs nir bcrk iomgkot iof kxtkofs `iml it akist 6888 ykirs go Viwioilc. Gts kofcekocus usk, immcrfgoe tc Pgml ]trissbio, mcuaf kxtkof `iml kisgay is nir is tdk Caf Vkstibkot iof oc fcu`t nurtdkr. Is Iofrkw Eiaagbcrk sueeksts, gt gs io iomkstria okurcbcfuaitcr, pkrdips comk rgviagoe skrctcogo is tdk okurcmdkbgmia su`stritk cn mcosmgcusokss, prcvgfgoe tdk mcostrumtgco bitkrgias cn cur pdkocbkoia iof biy`k kvko cur ocubkoia wcrafs‖cur vkry rkiagty. I ercuof cn `kgoe, pkrdips, wgtd gofcak ncuofitgcos prcvgfgoe tdk kxtri-fgbkosgcoia frigoiek systkb ncr Pgml‗s

Udit Uk Vdgol Uk Locw i`cut FBV Kotgtgks

077

fgvgok cvkrnacw. Cok gbiegoks ]ciok iof Autykos \tdk irmdgtkmts cn Vyrgoedib DiaaR wcuaf ipprcvk. ]umd i mcb`goitgco cn tdk iomkstria, tdk iomgkot, iof tdk mcotkbpcriry usk cn FBV dis iasc kb`csskf i uogquk iof pkmuagir muaturia ncctprgot go tdk bgofsmipk‖is Eridib ]t. Jcdo dis gaaustritkf‖ kakvitgoe tdk FBV-pgokia okir-fkitd dypctdksgs tc gmcogm stitus co fiomk naccrs iof ectdgm dcrrcr mgokbi smrkkos, tdk ncrbkr vkokritgoe tryptibgok mcbbkotitcrs it tdk pkil bcbkot cn kmstitgm fiomk nrkozgks, iof tdk aittkr kxtripcaitgoe tdk bkbk gotc erctksquk ctdkrwcrafay jkaayngsd bcostrcsgtgks ibgf zcb`gk skrubs iof mioog`iagstgm pgokia-eaiof-fkvcurgoe pdysgmgios. Iof ykt tdk imtuia FBV kxpkrgkomk rkbigos kvko bcrk `gzirrk iof iwk gospgrgoe. Bkiowdgak \JkrkbyR Oir`y, \KrglR Fivgs, \EridibR Diomcml, iof \KfkR Nrkmsli rkbgof us tdit tdk FBV kxpkrgkomk miooct `k wdcaay uofkrstccf cutsgfk cn tdk muaturia mcotkxt, iof ykt tdkrk irk uomiooy mcbbcoiagtgks it tdkiotdrcpcacegmia mcrk cn kxpkrgkomks nrcb cafimmcuots ncalacrgm immcuots cn nigrgks, iof, kbioitgoe gofkkf, ngrstdiof nrcb gofgekocus muaturks, is wkaa is nrcb NFI-ipprcvkf kxpkrgbkotia rkskirmd, sc-miaakf ‑rkmrkitgcoia‒ iof biy`k kvko `g`agmia FBV trgp rkpcrts, iof kvko iagko i`fumtgco misks. @ut scbk sc`krgoe wirogoes ippay tc tdk wcuaf-`k FBV pdkocbkocacegst‖aioeuiek gs i trip `ctd wdko fkmgpdkrgoe tdk goknni`ak iof wdko cpkritgoe mrcss-muaturiaay‖cok bio‗s govgsg`ak kotgty biy oct `k ioctdkr bio‗s spgrgt, just is bumd is i spgrgtuia dgkrirmdy biy `k crtdcecoia tc dcrgzcotia sdibiogsb. Iof \KrglR Fivgs‗s kxgstkotgia pauriagsb dkrk sdcuaf skrvk tc immcbbcfitk `ctd tdk gbbiokot mdtdcogm iogbgst `kgoes iacoesgfk tdk triosmkofkot tixcocby cn kbpyrkio kbgssirgks. ‑Is i`cvk, sc sgfkwiys,‒ is tdky siy, cr is tdky sdcuaf siy, pkrdips. ]c tdit‗s scbk cn wdit wk locw, cr wk tdgol wk locw, sc wdit fc wk `kagkvk, cr suppcsk, gs imtuiaay ecgoe co wgtd tdk FBV kxpkrgkomk3 Uk dkirf nrcb Xktkr Bkykr, wdc fgf scbk cn tdk skbgoia ercuofwcrl go ncrbiagzgoe tdk qukstgco cn wdit bgedt `k tdk oiturk cn tdksk kotgtgks.

=88

]ubbiry iof Fkpirturk

Aglk ctdkrs dk sueeksts tdit tdk FBV kxpkrgkomk ureks us tc ec `kycof tdk `isgm bitkrgiagstgm kxpaioitgcos cn rkiagty iof kxpacrk pdgacscpdgmia iof tdkcacegmia pcsgtgcos, is gofkkf divk Pgml \]trissbioR, Krgl \FivgsR, iof Pupkrt \]dkafrilkR. Xktkr‗s pcsgtgco, aglk Pgml‗s kiragkr pcsgtgco, gs tdit FBV mcuaf wkaa `k tdk okurcbcfuaitgoe mdkbgmia tdit prksgfks cvkr agnk iof fkitd iof tdit gt wcrls is `ctd tdk bgfwgnk iof psymdcpcbp cn mcosmgcusokss, akifgoe pkcpak gotc agnk nrcb i fgsmiroitk kxgstkomk iof usdkrgoe tdkb `iml cut ieigo wdko wk fc tdk bcrtia mcga sdunnak. Vdgs kxpaioitgco ngts wkaa wgtd tdk fiti tdit tdk FBV spimk gs cok tdit skkbs dgeday nibgagir iof tdit tdk `kgoes tdkrk wkamcbk us `iml tc i mirogvia-ksquk wcraf cn cur ycutd, pcpuaitkf `y mirtccogsd ctdkrwcrafay `kgoes iof ctdkr okcoitia itivgsbs. Vdgs gs i pcsgtgco tdit iasc dis immcrf wgtd tdk c`skrvitgcos cn aittkr-fiy ncalacrgsts‖sumd is iotdrcpcacegst iof ncrbkr prksgfkot cn tdk ]cmgkty ncr Xsymdgmia Pkskirmd, Aioe‖wdc mcaakmtkf immcuots cn kavko komcuotkrs ibcoe tdkIofrkw Mkatgm oitgcos cn @rgtigo. Aioe mcaakmtkf, mcaaitkf, iof pu`agsdkf ncalacrgm immcuots cn tdk agttak pkcpak spioogoe i fczko `ccls `ktwkko 9447 iof 9798. Dk pcurkf cvkr i erkit bioy immcuots nrcb fgnnkrkot muaturks nrcb Iustriagi tc dgs oitgvk ]mctaiof, iof iatdcued dk rknuskf tc `kagkvk kavks kxgstkf, go iof cn tdkbskavks, dk gostkif isscmgitkf tdkb wgtd pdiotisbs cn tdk fkif, pirtgmuairay wgtd pcatkrekgst pdkocbkoi, iof tdkrk`y isscmgitkf nigryaiof wgtd Difks. Xgmlgoe up kximtay wdkrk Aioe aknt cnn, \UiatkrR Kvios-Ukotz wis prktty bumd tdk okxt tc fc tdk fiomk ircuof tdk nigry rgoe, iof dk mrkitkf dgs bieoub cpus stufy co Vdk Nigry-nigtd go Mkatgm Mcuotrgks , pu`agsdkf go 9799 \iof rk-rkakiskf go 0886R. Ukotz fcmubkotkf io cria dgstcry cn tdk agttak pkcpak imrcss tdk @rgtgsd Gsaks iof @rgttioy iof fgsmcvkrkf tdit tdk trifgtgcoia goncrbiots wcuaf iageo tdk kavks wgtd spgrgts cn tdk fkif, iatdcued Kvios-Ukotz dgbskan mcomaufkf tdit tdky wkrk prc`i`ay ncurtd-fgbkosgcoia `kgoes, kxgstgoe go wdit bitdkbitgmgios dif kiragkr miaakf dypkrspimk. Iatdcued dk spkmuaitkf, aglk Aioe, tdit

Udit Uk Vdgol Uk Locw i`cut FBV Kotgtgks

=89

tdgs wis bcst aglkay imtuiaay mcookmtkf tc tdk rkiab cn tdk fkif. Is Kvios-Ukotz octks \co piek 640R, Gt gs bitdkbitgmiaay pcssg`ak tc mcomkgvk ncurtd-fgbkosgc oia `kgoes, iof gn tdky kxgst gt wcuaf `k gbpcssg`ak go i tdgrf-fgbkosgcoia paiok tc skk tdkb is tdky rkiaay irk. Dkomk tdk crfgoiry ippirgtgco gs ocorkia is i ncrb, wdkrkis tdk `kgoes, wdgmd wdcaay siok iof rkagi`ak skkrs maigb tc skk wdko kxkrmgsgoe skkrsdgp cn tdk dgedkst lgof, biy `k is rkia tc tdkbskavks iof tc tdk skkrs is dubio `kgoes irk tc us dkrk go tdk tdgrf-fgbkosgcoia wcraf wdko wk kxkrmgsk ocrbia vgsgco.

Vdgs pkrspkmtgvk dis scbk rkscoiomk wgtd by cwo c`skrvitgcos i`cut tdk nrkqukotay kxtri-fgbkosgcoia oiturk cn FBV ekcbktry. \IofrkwR Eiaagbcrk‗s pkrvkrsk bkti-tkmdocacegmia cotcacey cn tdk ]gbuaitkf [ogvkrsk Vdkcry sgbgairay fkbiofs tdit ioy irtgngmgiaay gotkaagekot sgbuaitkf uogvkrsk, cur cwo, mrkitkf `ytdio dgedkrcrfkr tkmdocacegsts kxgstgoesumd go iiswcraf wgtd bust bcrk `k fgbkosgcos tdgs cok. Okvkrtdkakss, ecgoe `iml tc tdk kavks, Kvios-Ukotz nurtdkrbcrk stitks tdit, ‑Nigryaiof kxgsts is i supkrocrbia stitk cn mcosmgcusokss wdgmd bko iof wcbko biy kotkr tkbpcrirgay go frkibs, triomks cr go virgcus kmstitgm mcofgtgcos, cr ncr io gofkngogtk pkrgcf it fkitd,‒ wdgmd biy `k i lgof cn pkrbiokot FBV mcofgtgco. ]umd c`skrvitgcos, iageogoe FBV kavks wgtd ncalacrgm kavks, iasc rkscoitks wgtd tdk wcrl cn Jiquks ^iaakk iof, aitkr, Eridib Diomcml gfkotgnygoe tdk piriaakas `ktwkko ncalacrgm pgxgk komcuotkrs, FBV fiaagiomks, iof iagko i`fumtgco kxpkrgkomks. Lkooktd Pgoe, tdk okir-fkitd kxpkrgkomk \OFKR rkskirmdkr, iasc wkot cok stkp nurtdkr iof gofgmitkf dcw sumd kxpkrgkomk mcbpakxks iasc divk erkit cvkraip wgtd OFKs. ]c cok bgedt wkaa `k mcoerituaitkf ncr suppcsgoe, cr gofkkf smrkibgoe tdk qukstgco ‑Ib G fkif3‒ upco ngrst kotkrgoe tdk FBV wcraf, is scbk divk `kko locwo tc fc go tdkgr ngrst kxpkrgkomk. Pgml tcc, go kiragkr wcrl, pcgots tc tdk sgbgairgty cn tdk OFK tc tdk

=80

]ubbiry iof Fkpirturk

FBV kxpkrgkomk, iatdcued is io iatkroitgvk Pupkrt cnnkrs up bcrpdgm rkscoiomk is tdk bkios ncr tuogoe us gotc tdk OFK. Eridib \DiomcmlR nurtdkr c`skrvks tdit tdk ippirkot ikstdktgm biognkstitgco cn cur systkbitgm iomkstria usk cn iatkrkf stitks‖ Xiaikcagtdgm rcml irt‖iasc mcgomgfkf wgtd tdk tkmdocacegmia ifviomks tdit mitiayzkf sc-miaakf mgvgagzitgco iof dgots tdit tdk bcrk dgeday ifviomkf iagko kotgtgks cn tdk FBV wcraf mcuaf divk `kko spglgoe cur bcfuaitkf psymdks wgtd scpdgstgmitkf tkmdok go tdcsk bcbkots wdgak frgolgoe fkkp cn iatkrkf stitks. Mkrtigoay tdkrk irk bioy kxibpaks cn frkibs iof psymdkfkagm vgsgcos tdit divk egvko rgsk tc goocvitgco, ifviomkf mrkitgvgty, iof fgsmcvkry. Is Kfk Nrkmsli dis octkf, tdkrk dis `kko io gbpcrtiot rcak ncr vgsgcos go sdipgoe iaa mcrokrs cn muaturk. Cok eccf kxibpak gs tdk makir `gcmdkbgmia prcerkssgco nrcb \FbgtrgR Bkofkakkv‗s frkib fgsmcvkry cn tdk pkrgcfgm ti`ak, tdrcued \IueustR Lkluak‗s sgbgair frkib fgsmcvkry cn tdk `kozkok rgoe strumturk, Mrgml‗sdkagx pcssg`ak, tdcued pkrdips ipcmrypdia, fgsmcvkry cn tdk\NriomgsR FOI fcu`ak tc Liry Buaags‗ govkotgco cn pcaybkrisk mdigo rkimtgco. Ianrkf Uiaaimk, wdc Pupkrt \]dkafrilkR spkmuaitks biy divk tilko iyiduismi, wcuaf oc fcu`t mcosgfkr sumd ctdkrwcrafay gotkaakmtuia fkvkacpbkot pirt cn cur `gcacegmiaay mcomcbgtiot spgrgtuia kvcautgco. ]c is Eridib Diomcml rgedtay octks, wgtd sumd gbpkfgbkot tc gbpcrtiot fgsmcvkrgks bgedt wk `k stuotgoe cur kvcautgco iof pkrdips ‑tdk siavitgco cn tdk paiokt nrcb us‒ `y prcdg`gtgoe nrkk immkss tc iatkrkf stitks tdrcued frue prcdg`gtgco3 By cwo tkrrgnygoe komcuotkr wgtd scbkcok rkskb`agoe tdk ioeka cn fkitd, is gofkkf bioy ctdkrs divk skkbgoeay oigvkay fcok wgtd FBV iof sgbgair iekots, bgedt fkskrvk ittkotgco dkrk \skk by irtgmak Fgskb`cfgkf Kyks: Io Govkstgeitgco gotc Kotdkcekogm Kotgty KomcuotkrsR. Ncr sumd fgvgok Xrcbktdkio mdirimtkrs pcp up rkeuairay upco eizgoe gotc coks bkfgmgok `ie ncr tcc acoe cr tcc fkkpay, iof sumd agbgoia aubgoia ioekagm `kgoes divk iawiys `kko sigf tc divk egvko dubios tkmdocacegmia skmrkts. Izrkia, tdk diof cn Ecf, wdcb G biy wkaa divk bkt,

Udit Uk Vdgol Uk Locw i`cut FBV Kotgtgks

=8=

eivk `ctd bio tdk irt cn `aimlsbgtdgoe iof wcbko tdk irt cn bilkup, immcrfgoe tc akekof‖juxtipcsgoe okw mrints ncr `ctd acvk iof wir. \XktkrR Bkykr‗s pcsgtgco co cur ctdkrwcrafay kotgtgks gs oct gomcoerukot wgtd tdit cn Fkoogs \BmLkooiR, kgtdkr, wdc ritdkr tdio gbiegogoe, is fcks Eridib Diomcml, tdit tdk iagko tkmdocacegks iof bimdgogm kavks irk triosfgbkosgcoia iagko `kgoes, spkmuaitks tdit imtuiaay wk irk tdcsk vkry iagko `kgoes iof tdit tdk supkr-ifviomkf nuturgstgm tkmdocacegks wk wgtokss irk just tdit: vgsgcos cn tdk nuturk, cur cwo nuturk. ]c tdit wk irk tdk vkry iagkos tdit i`fumt us iof wk irk eagbpsgoe cur cwo ekoktgmiaay koegokkrkf kxtritkrrkstgia skavks wdc wgaa `k okkfkf tc nuanga cur cwo Eigio-spkrbgitkf ctdkrwcrafay kxgstkomk fcwo tdk agok. Is \IofrkwR Eiaagbcrk rktcrtkf, wk irk tdk FBV iagkos, `ut wk divk iagkoitkf curskavks. ]c wdgak FBV kotgtgks mio `k vgkwkf, is Kfk \NrkmsliR fcks, is quisg-iutcocbcus strumturks cn tdk ocoacmia ngkaf‖kbkregoe nrcb tdk ocoacmia fcbigos immkssg`ak vgi cur gotugtgvk cn eugfgoe pkrmkptgco‖ tdkrk gs nimgagty dkrk ncr tdk usk cn priykr iof bcfks rgtuia go tdksk kxpkfgtgcos, is `ctd Pgml \]trissbioR iof Pupkrt \]dkafrilkR ifvcmitk go tdkgr bcrk tdkcokurcacegmia pcsgtgcos. Is Pupkrt siys, ‑Vdk pctkotgia tc pirtgmgpitk go tdk fgvgok bgof gs iawiys ivigai`ak.‒ Iof Pgml wcuaf prc`i`ay sueekst tdit wk bkrkay okkf tc mcosuat cur pgokia eaiofs iof pkrdips tdk @g`ak tcc. Ncr mkrtigoay wk irk go okkf cn rcif bips dkrk, iof gn tdk prcpdktgm kxpkrgkomks cn tdk Caf Vkstibkot irk truay kofcekocusay bkfgitkf `y FBV tdko tdkrk biy `k scbk trgmls us caf fces mio akiro. Cok sumd tdgoe tdit bgedt `k eakiokf gs dcw tc fktkrbgok wdktdkr sumd `kgoes irk `kogeo cr biakvcakot, kspkmgiaay gn Iotco‗s iof, gofkkf, by wgnk‗s cwo kxpkrgkomk cn `kgoe nirbkf ncr tdkgr kbctgcos `y scpdgstgmitkf cvkracrfs gs ioytdgoe tc ec `y. Iof ykt Krgl \FivgsR rkbgofs us tc iawiys rkbkb`kr tdit sumd `kgoes biy oct iawiys `k tkaagoe tdk trutd, iof dk govclks Dirokr‗s maissgm maiusk rkeirfgoe tdk ipcmiayptgm iof sgogstkr `kgoes wdc tcaf dgb dcw tdky dif bigotigokf fcbgogco cn tdk uogvkrsk sgomk tdk fiwo cn

=86

]ubbiry iof Fkpirturk

tgbk, ykt tdk wgsk caf `agof sdibio sdrueekf tdkb cnn ocomdiaiotay ncr iawiys siygoe tdit. Kvko sc, akirogoe scbktdgoe nrcb \JkrkbyR Oir`y‗s iof gofkkf \AugsR Auoi‗s iotdrcpcacegmia wcrl wgtd tdk bioy Ibizcogio trg`ks iof tdk cafkst locwo oivgeitcrs cn tdksk wcrafs, tdksk aubgocus, sdgogoe, `agofgoe, rkspakofkot, iof ykt crfgoirgay govgsg`ak kotgtgks tdit cmmupy tdgs ctdkr wcraf biy wkaa `k bcriaay ib`geucus, just is dubios irk. ]c ioy sumd kxpkfgtgcos tc skk, tc locw, iof tc eigo pcwkr bust `k bkfgitkf `y ktdgms< intkr iaa, tdk Dgppcmritgm citd tdit ecvkros bkfgmgok wis `cro cn tdk frkib tkbpak trifgtgco, iof gofkkf Ismakpgus, tdk frkib dkiagoe ecf wdc prksgfkf cvkr bkfgmgok go iomgkot Erkkmk iof Pcbk iof gofkkf murrkotay dkrk go tdk Ukst, wis is bumd io kofcekocus iyiduismkrc is ioy sdibio cr prcpdkt go dgs skb`aiomk is i skrpkot. ]c dcw tc prcmkkf wgtd tdgs pgcokkrgoe psymdcoiutgm kofkivcur tc kxpacrk spimk3miocos, trifgtgcos, iof smdccas cn tdcuedt is eugfks. Uk gookr divk scbk Ugtd sumd i fgvkrsk rioek cn kxpkrtgsk iof fgsmgpagoks is wk divk dkrk, gt skrvks tc c`skrvk Krgl \Fivgs‗sR imtgvk ieocstgmgsb akst wk tdrcw tdk bcakmuaks, iagkos, iof fgvgok `kgoes cut wgtd tdk `itdwitkr gotc tdk turegf skwkrs cn rgegf tdgolgoe. Udc locws, kvko scbk sprgolagoe cn bitkrgiagsb mio skrvk tc spgmk up cur `kvkriek wgtd scbk mrgtgmia naivcr‖it akist co tdk `gcacegmia akvka‖tdcued sumd spgmk sdcuaf `k uskf ipprcprgitkay, tdit gs, spirgoeay, iof wgtdcut scurgoe tdk su`tay cn tdk ctdkr nrieriot naivcrs. ]c akt us prcmkkf wgtd i truay pauriagstgm iof cpko bgof iof rkbkb`kr tdit `kagkns irk prgscos, `kmiusk cur mcovgmtgcos mio bilk us mcovgmts. Akt‗s stirt wgtd tdk pdirbimcacegmia iof kxpkrgbkotia bkios. \IofrkwR Eiaagbcrk prcpcsks tirekt-mcotrcaakf mcotgoucus G^ gonusgco cn FBV skofgoe cut gotrkpgf psymdcoiuts ncr prcacoekf kxmursgcos, pkrdips is acoe is tdrkk bcotds‖tdcued pkrdips dk wis jclgoe tdkrk. Cok bgedt tdgol tdit iyiduismi gs i usknua su`stgtutk, `ut tdko

Udit Uk Vdgol Uk Locw i`cut FBV Kotgtgks

=8;

tdkrk gs scbktdgoe go tdk bcakmuair purgty iof fkagvkry mcotrca prcnnkrkf `y Eiaagbcrk‗s `caf sueekstgco dkrk. Vdk iomgkots divk dif tdk gookr-spimk mrint `ugat ncr bioy bgaakoogi iarkify, `ut wdit‗s wrcoe wgtd ippaygoe i nkw fksgeo uperifks nrcb cur cwo muaturk ncr eccf bkisurk3 Udit irk cur igbs wdko wk ekt tc tdk pcgot wdkrk wk mio divk kxtkofkf pkrgcfs cn oivgeitgco go tdksk rkiabs3 Xkrdips wk mio trigo psymdcoiuts tc ec co ercup vcyieks iof scbkdcw rkbigo is i mcdkrkot tkib go tdk FBV wcraf, is Iotco sueeksts, iof tdko wk mio `kego tc kxpacrk, mcbbuogmitk wgtd tdk `kgoes, tixcocbgzk tdkgr niuoi, skt up trifk mibps, iof ksti`agsd io gotkrfgbkosgcoia kb`issy. Kmdcks irk dkirf dkrk pkrdips cn \JcdoR Agaay‗s Kirtd Mcgomgfkomk Mcotrca Cnngmk. Iof tdko wdit3 Egvko tdkrk irk scbk dirf akirokf tdkcrktgmia pirifcxks nrcb psymdgm rkskirmd i`cut ksti`agsdgoe tdk cotcacegmia vkrimgty cn fgsmiroitk `kgoes‖egvko tdit imtuiaay ioy okwjust goncrbitgco, tkmdocacey, cr fgsmcvkry suppagkf `y tdkb biy `k tkakpitdy, maigrvcyiomk, cr prkmceogtgco‖bgedt tdkrk stgaa `k scbktdgoe eigokf go bilgoe sumd fgsmcvkrgks3 Uk biy okvkr `k i`ak tc uatgbitkay ksti`agsd wdkrk tdksk `kgoes truay kxgst intkr iaa, `ut scbktdgoe usknua biy `k immcbpagsdkf iacoe tdk wiy. Gt‗s dkrk tdit tdk gosmrgptgco go tdk Vkbpak cn Busgm truay rkscoitks wgtd wdit wk irk fcgoe: ‑Go Yukst cn Vrutd‖skkl trutd, `ut rkbkb`kr tdit `kdgof iaa tdk okw locwakfek tdk nuofibkotia gssuks cn agnk wgaa rkbigo vkgakf!‒

INVKPUCPF

Udit Okxt3 PCPW ]XCUKP]

Ncaacwgoe tdk summkss cn tdgs ngrst kvkot, tdk Vyrgoedib Gogtgitgvk wkot co tc stiek ioctdkr tko kvkots it Vyrgoedib Diaa cvkr tdk ncaacwgoe twc ykirs, uotga tdk dcusk pisskf gotc tdk diofs cn i okw cwokr go Juay 0895. Iatdcued tdksk kvkots rioekf go tcpgms nrcb tdk kotdkcekogm tc tdk kmcacegmia, kmcocbgm, iof kfumitgcoia, iaa wkrk uogtkf `y cok mcbbco qukst: tc nurtdkr cur uofkrstiofgoe cn mcosmgcusokss furgoe tdgs mrgtgmia tgbk. I skmcof tdrkk-fiy FBV sybpcsgub wis dkaf go Biy 0895, mcovkogoe kakvko okw octkf spkilkrs go tdk ngkaf iacoe wgtd i okw ercup cn fgsmussiots friwo nrcb fgvkrsk `imlercuofs. Comk ieigo, i skrgks cn nismgoitgoe prkskotitgcos kbkrekf nrcb tdk kvkot, iof i oub`kr cn pcssg`ak kxpkrgbkots govcavgoe FBV wkrk fgsmusskf. Iatdcued Vyrgoedib gs oc acoekr nrcbiof tdk acmitgco wdkrktdk gt wis `cro, tdkGogtgitgvk prcjkmt mcotgouks tc cpkritgoe gomu`itk gfkis pirtokr wgtd ctdkr creiogzitgcos wgtdgo tdk ngkaf tc nurtdkr rkskirmd iof pctkotgia bktdcfcacegks ncr kxpkrgbkotitgco. Ibgf tdk `urekcogoe ngkaf cn okw psymdkfkagm rkskirmd, tdk kxpacritgco cn tdk buatgfgbkosgcoia FBV wcraf dis coay just `keuo.* *Gn ycu wcuaf aglk tc `k lkpt goncrbkf cn prcerkss go tdgs irki, pakisk vgsgt www.tyrgoedibgogitgvk.mcb iof sgeo up ncr nrkk bkb`krsdgp.

=85

]pkilkr Mgtitgcos

MDIXVKP 9

Vdk Xgokia Kogebi: Vdk Fizzagoe Agnk iof Vgbks cn tdk ]pgrgt Eaiof Eridib ]t. Jcdo Fuio, Agi, Cbir ]. Bi`rcul, Vgkmdkoe Agu, kt ia. ‑Ispdyxgi-imtgvitkf Mcrtgmcmirfgim ]geoiagoe Immkakritks Coskt cn Mirfgim Irrkst.‒ Xrcmkkfgoes cn tdk Oitgcoia Imifkby cn ]mgkomks cn tdk [ogtkf ]titks cn Ibkrgmi 990, oc. 9> (089;): K085=”40. Akiry, Vgbctdy, Piapd Bktzokr, iof Pgmdirf I apkrt. Vdk Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk: I Biouia @iskf co tdk Vg`ktio @ccl cn tdk Fkif. Okw Wcrl: [ogvkrsgty Xrkss @ccls, 97>6. Acvkmrint, Dcwirf Xdgaagps. ‑Nrcb @kycof.‒ Vdk Niotisy Nio 9, oc. 98 (97=6): 965”;0. ]t. Jcdo, Eridib. Bystkry ]mdcca go Dypkrspimk: I Muaturia Dgstcry cn FBV. Okw Wcrl: ]trissbio, Pgml.Kvcavkr FBV: Kfgtgcos, Vdk ]pgrgt089;. Bcakmuak: I Fcmtcr‗s Pkvcautgcoiry Pkskirmd gotc tdk @gcacey cn Okir-fkitd iof Bystgmia Kxpkrgkomks. Pcmdkstkr, ^t.: Xirl ]trkkt Xrkss, 0889. ‖‖‖. ‑Vdk Xgokia Eaiof: Murrkot Kvgfkomk ncr Gts Pcak go Mcosmgcusokss.‒ Go Xsymdkfkagm Bcoceripds iof Kssiys, ;td kf., kfgtkf `y Vdcbis Ayttak, pieks >5”08;. @cyotco @kimd, Na.: XB & K Xu`agsdgoe Ercup, 9779.

=84

]pkilkr Mgtitgcos

=87

MDIXVKP 0

Gs FBV i Mdkbgmia Bksskoekr nrcb io Kxtritkrrkstrgia Mgvgagzitgco3 Fkoogs BmLkooi @udokr, ]tkpdko Dirrcf. Xaiot Gotkaagekomk go tdk Gbiegoia Pkiab: @kycof tdk Fccrs cn Xkrmkptgco gotc tdk Frkibgoe cn tdk Kirtd. Pcmdkstkr, ^t.: @kir & Mcbpioy, 0896. BmLkooi, Vkrkomk. Nccf cn tdk Ecfs: Vdk ]kirmd ncr tdk Crgegoia Vrkk cn Locwakfek‖I Pifgmia Dgstcry cn Xaiots, Frues, iof Dubio Kvcautgco. Okw Wcrl: @iotib, 9740.

MDIXVKP =

Ibizcogio Xkrspkmtgvks co Govgsg`ak Kotgtgks Jkrkby Oir`y Ecw, Xktkr. Ibizcogio Bytd iof Gts Dgstcry. Cxncrf: Cxncrf [ogvkrsgty Xrkss, 0889. Lcpkoiwi, Fivg, iof @rumk Ia`krt. Vdk Niaagoe ]ly: Ucrfs cn i Wiocbibg ]dibio . Mib`rgfek: Dirvirf [ogvkrsgty Xrkss, 089=. Oir`y, Jkrkby, iof Nriomgs Duxaky, kfs. ]dibios tdrcued Vgbk: ;88 Wkirs co tdk Xitd tc Locwakfek. Acofco: Vdibks iof Dufsco, 0888.

MDIXVKP 6

Mcomkrogoe tdk Oiturk cn tdk FBV Kotgtgks iof Vdkgr Pkaitgco tc [s Xktkr Bkykr Kvios-Ukotz, Uiatkr W. Vdk Nigry-nigtd go Mkatgm Mcuotrgks. Nriolago Ailks, O.J.: Mirkkr Xrkss, 0886. Eiaagbcrk, Iofrkw. ‑@ugafgoe Iagko Ucrafs: Vdk Okurcpsymdcacegmia iof Kvcautgcoiry Gbpagmitgcos cn tdk Istcogsdgoe Xsymdcimtgvk Knnkmts cn O,Ofgbktdyatryptibgok (FBV).‒ Jcuroia cn ]mgkotgngm Kxpacritgco 05, oc. = (089=): 6;;”;8=. ‖‖‖. ‑FBV iof tdk Vcpcacey cn Pkiagty.‒ Go Okurctriosbgssgcos: Xsymdkfkagm Kssiys nrcb @rkilgoe Mcovkotgco, kfgtkf `y Fivk Lgoe, Fivgf Aulk,

=98 ]pkilkr Mgtitgcos

@ko ]kssi, Mibkrco Ifibs, iof Igbkk Vcaako, pieks 7”06. Acofco: ]trioek Ittrimtcr Xrkss, 089;. Bktzgoekr, Vdcbis. Vdk Kec Vuooka: Vdk ]mgkomk cn tdk Bgof iof Bytd cn tdk ]kan. Okw Wcrl: @isgm @ccls, 0887. Bkykr, Xktkr. ‑Ippirkot Mcbbuogmitgco wgtd Fgsmiroitk Kotgtgks Gofumkf `y Fgbktdyatryptibgok (FBV).‒ Go Xsymdkfkagms , kfgtkf `y Vdcbis Ayttak, pieks 9>9”08=. Okw Wcrl: @irrgmifk @ccls, 9776. ‖‖‖. ‑Io Kssiy go tdk Xdgacscpdy cn ]cmgia ]mgkomk.‒ [opu`agsdkf pipkr, 9777. dttp://www.skrkofgpgty.ag/jsbgaa/pss0.dtb. ‖‖‖. ‑=68 FBV Vrgp Pkpcrts.‒ 0898. ]kk www.skrkofgpgty.ag/fbt/=68S fbtStrgpSrkpcrts.dtb. Immksskf Jiouiry 9=, 0894. Bccrk, Uiatkr J. I Agnk cn Krwgo ]mdrþfgoekr. Mib`rgfek: Mib`rgfek [ogvkrsgty Xrkss, 9776, p. 949.

MDIXVKP ;

Dcw tc Vdgol i`cut Ukgrf @kgoes Krgl Fivgs Audrbioo, Vioyi B. Udko Ecf Vials @iml: [ofkrstiofgoe tdk Ibkrgmio Kvioekagmia Pkaitgcosdgp wgtd Ecf. Okw Wcrl: ^gotiek @ccls, 0890. MDIXVKP >

Udy Biy FBV Cmmisgco ^krgfgmia Diaaumgoitgcos iof Goncrbitgvk Kxpkrgkomks3 Kfk Nrkmsli Dirokr, Bgmdika J. Vdk Jgvirc: Xkcpak cn tdk ]imrkf Uitkrniaas. @krlkaky, Miagn.: [ogvkrsgty cn Miagncrogi Xrkss, 9750. BmLkooi, Vkrkomk. Nccf cn tdk Ecfs: Vdk ]kirmd ncr tdk Crgegoia Vrkk cn Locwakfek‖I Pifgmia Dgstcry cn Xaiots, Frues, iof Dubio Kvcautgco. Okw Wcrl: @iotib, 9770. ]trissbio, P gml, ]aiwkl Ucjtcwgmz, Augs Kfuirfc Auoi, iof K fk Nrkmsli. Gookr Xitds tc Cutkr ]pimk: Jcurokys tc Iagko Ucrafs tdrcued Xsymdkfkagms iof Ctdkr ]pgrgtuia Vkmdocacegks. Pcmdkstkr, ^t.: Xirl ]trkkt Xrkss, 0884. Xgtlæoko, Bittg. Vcpcacegmia Ekcbktrcfyoibgms. @rgstca, [.L.: Auogvkr Xrkss, 088>.

]pkilkr Mgtitgcos

=99

]tibkts, Xiua. Bymkagub Puoogoe: Dcw Busdrccbs Mio Dkap ]ivk tdk Ucraf. @krlkaky, Miagn.: Vko ]pkkf Xrkss, 088;.

MDIXVKP 5

Vdk Okurc`gcacey cn Mcosmgcus Gotkrimtgco wgtd Iatkroitk Pkiagtgks iof Vdkgr Godi`gtiots Iofrkw Eiaagbcrk Eiaagbcrk, Iofrkw. ‑@ugafgoe Iagko Ucrafs: Vdk Okurcpsymdcacegmia iof Kvcautgcoiry Gbpagmitgcos cn tdk Istcogsdgoe Xsymdcimtgvk Knnkmts cn O,Ofgbktdyatryptibgok (FBV).‒ Jcuroia cn ]mgkotgngm Kxpacritgco 05, oc. = (089=): 6;;”;8=. Eiaagbcrk, Iofrkw, iof Pgml ]trissbio. ‑I Bcfka ncr tdk Ippagmitgco cn Virekt-mcotrcaakf Gotrivkocus Gonusgco ncr i Xrcacoekf Gbbkrsgvk Xsymdkfkagm K xpkrgkomk.‒ Nrcotgkrs go Xdirbimcacey 5, oc. 099 (089>): 9”99. Dkssk, Dkrbioo. Fkbgio. @krago: Ngsmdkr ^kraie, 9797. Listrup, @kroirfc. Udy Bitkrgiagsb Gs @iacoky: Dcw Vruk ]lkptgms Locw Vdkrk

Gs Oc Fkitd iof Nitdcb Ioswkrs tc Agnk, tdk [ogvkrsk, iof Kvkrytdgoe. ]cutdibptco, [.L.: Gnn @ccls, 0896.

MDIXVKP 4

Bcrpdgm Pkscoiomk, Xsymdkfkagm Kxpkrgkomk, iof Mcaakmtgvk Bkbcry Pupkrt ]dkafrilk Mirr, @kroirf. [ogvkrsk cr Buatgvkrsk3 Mib`rgfek: Mib`rgfek [ogvkrsgty Xrkss, 0898. Ncx, Bittdkw, iof Pupkrt ]dkafrilk. Vdk Xdysgms cn Ioekas: Kxpacrgoe tdk Pkiab Udkrk ]mgkomk iof ]pgrgt Bkkt. Pdgok`kml, O.W.: Bcolngsd @ ccl Xu`agsdgoe Mcbpioy, 0896. Dirt, Fivgf @kotaky. Vdk Kxpkrgkomk cn Ecf: @kgoe, Mcosmgcusokss, @agss . Okw Divko, Mcoo.: Wiak [ogvkrsgty Xrkss, 0896. ]dkafrilk, Pupkrt. I Okw ]mgkomk cn Agnk, =rf kf. Acofco: Gmco @ccls, 0887. Uiaaimk, Ianrkf Pusska. Vdk Ucraf cn Agnk: I Biognkstitgco cn Mrkitgvk Xcwkr, Fgrkmtgvk Bgof iof [atgbitk Xurpcsk. Acofco: Mdipbio & Diaa, 9796.

=90 ]pkilkr Mgtitgcos MDIXVKP 7

Xsymdkfkagms, Kotgtgks, Firl Bittkr, iof Xiriaaka Fgbkosgcos Eridib Diomcml Mrgml, Nriomgs. Agnk Gtskan: Gts Crgego iof Oiturk. Acofco: Nuturi, 9740. Diomcml, Eridib. ]upkroituria: Bkktgoes wgtd tdk Iomgkot Vkimdkrs cn Biolgof . Acofco: Mkotury, 088;. ‖‖‖, kf.Fgvgok ]pirl: Xsymdkfkagms, Mcosmgcusokss iof tdk @grtd cn Mgvgagzitgco. Acofco: Diy Dcusk, 088;. ^iaakk, Jimquks. Xisspcrt tc Biecogi . Mdgmiec: Dkory Pkeokry Mcbpioy, 97>7.

MDIXVKP 98

Vdk Oiturk cn FBV @kgoes: Xkrspkmtgvks iof Xrcspkmts Pgml ]trissbio Kvios-Ukotz, Uiatkr W. Vdk Nigry-nigtd go Mkatgm Mcuotrgks. Nriolago Ailks, O.J.: Mirkkr Xrkss, 0886. Eiaagbcrk, Iofrkw, iof Fivgf Aulk. ‑FBV Pkskirmd nrcb 97;> tc tdk Kof cn Vgbk.‒ Go Okurctriosbgssgcos: Xsymdkfkagm Kssiys nrcb @rkilgoe Mcovkotgco, kfgtkf `y Fivk Lgoe, @ko ]kssi, Mibkrco Ifibs, iof Igbkk Vcaako, pieks 079”=9>. Acofco: ]trioek Ittrimtcr Xrkss, 089;. Aulk, Fivgf. ‑Fgskb`cfgkf Kyks Pkvgsgtkf: Io Govkstgeitgco gotc tdk Cotcacey cn Kotdkcekogm Kotgty Komcuotkrs.‒ Kotdkceko Pkvgkw: Vdk Jcuroia cn [oiutdcrgzkf Pkskirmd co ^gsgcoiry Xaiots iof Frues 95, oc. 9 (0884): 9”7 & =4”68 (irtgmak rknkrkomks). ‖‖‖. ‑Pcml Irt cr Pcrsmdimd: Gs Vdkrk Bcrk tc Kotcptgms Vdio Bkkts tdk Kyk3‒ Vgbk & Bgof: Vdk Jcuroia cn Irmdikcacey, Mcosmgcusokss & Muaturk = (0898): 7”04. ‖‖‖. ‑Fgsmiroitk Kotgtgks iof Fgbktdyatryptibgok (FBV): Xsymdcpdirbimcacey, Xdkocbkocace y iof Cotcacey.‒ Jcuroia cn tdk ]cmgkty ncr Xsymdgmia Pkskirmd 5; (0899): 0>”60. ‖‖‖. ‑]c Acoe is Wcu‗vk Ect Wcur Kan: Fkitd, FBV iof Fgsmiroitk Kotgtgks.‒ Go Figbcogm Gbiegoitgco: [omiooy Gotkaagekomk, kfgtkf `y Ioeai ^css iof Ugaagib Pcwaiofsco, pieks 040”79. Mib`rgfek: Mib`rgfek ]mdcairs Xu`agsdgoe, 089=.

]pkilkr @gceripdgks

Krgl Fivgs , Xd.F., gs io iutdcr, pcfmistkr, iof iwirf-wgoogoe jcuroiagst

iof bkfgi mrgtgm `iskf go ]io Nriomgsmc. Dgs wgfk-rioegoe wcrl ncmusks co tdk gotkrskmtgco cn iatkroitgvk rkagegco, bkfgi, iof tdk pcpuair gbiegoitgco. Dk gs tdk iutdcr, bcst rkmkotay, cn Ocbif Mcfks: Ifvkoturks go Bcfkro Ksctkrgmi . Dk iasc wrctk Vdk ^gsgcoiry ]titk: I Jcuroky tdrcued Miagncrogi‗s ]pgrgtuia Aiofsmipk, iof VkmdEocsgs: Bytd, Biegm, iof Bystgmgsb go tdk Iek cn Goncrbitgco, wdgmd dis `kko triosaitkf gotc ngvk aioeuieks. Dk iasc wrctk i sdcrt mrgtgmia vcaubk co Akf Zkppkago. Dgs kssiys co busgm, tkmdocmuaturk, iof spgrgtuiagty divk ippkirkf go fczkos cn `ccls, gomaufgoe ]cuof [o`cuof, Intkr@uro: Pknakmtgcos co @urogoe Αio, Zge Zie Zko, iof Pivk Muaturk iof Pkagegco. Fivgs dis mcotrg`utkf tc smcrks cn pu`agmitgcos, gomaufgoe@cclncrub, ]iaco, ]aitk, Irtncrub, Ugrkf, tdk AI Ukklay, iof tdk ^gaaiek ^cgmk. Dk ippkirs go oubkrcus fcmubkotirgks iof dis `kko gotkrvgkwkf `y MOO, tdk @@M, pu`agm rifgc, iof tdk Okw Wcrl Vgbks. Ncr cvkr ngvk ykirs, dk dis `kko kxpacrgoe tdk ‑muaturks cn mcosmgcusokss‒ co dgs wkklay pcfmist Kxpiofgoe Bgof co tdk Xrcerkssgvk Pifgc Oktwcrl. Dk erifuitkf nrcb Wiak [ogvkrsgty go 9744 iof rkmkotay kirokf dgs Xd.F. go rkagegcus stufgks nrcb Pgmk [ogvkrsgty.

=9=

=96 ]pkilkr @gceripdgks

Kfk Nrkmsli , Xd.F., gs mdigrbio cn tdk fkpirtbkot cn psymdgitry it

tdk [ogvkrsgty cn Fk`rkmko, Duoeiry. Dk rkmkgvkf dgs bkfgmia fkerkk go 9755 nrcb tdk ]kbbkawkgs [ogvkrsgty go Duoeiry. Dk tdko kirokf quiagngmitgcos is i mkrtgngkf psymdcacegst nrcb tdk fkpirtbkot cn psymdcacey it Acriof Kctvcs [ogvkrsgty go @ufipkst. Nrkmsli mcbpaktkf dgs rksgfkomy trigogoe go psymdgitry `ctd go Duoeiry iof go tdk [ogtkf ]titks. Dk gs i quiagngkf psymdcpdirbimcacegst cn gotkroitgcoia bkrgt wgtd skvkotkko ykirs cn magogmia iof rkskirmd kxpkrgkomk go tdk [ogtkf ]titks. Furgoe dgs kiray imifkbgm ykirs, Nrkmsli‗s stufgks wkrk fkvctkf tc rkskirmd co smdgzcpdrkogi iof innkmtgvk gaaokss. Dk pu`agsdkf bcrk tdio ngnty smgkotgngm pipkrs iof `ccl mdiptkrs co tdksk tcpgms. Go dgs rkmkot rkskirmd dk gs koeiekf go stufgks co psymdcgotkeritcr paiots iof tkmdogquks. Dk gs pirtgmuairay gotkrkstkf go tdk pdysgcacegmia rcak cn kofcdiaaumgoceko mcbpcuofs (FBV, ;BkC-FBV, iof `unctkogo). Nrkmsli gs i bkb`kr cn skvkria prcnkssgcoia creiogzitgcos iof dis rkmkgvkf eriots iof iwirfs nrcb i virgkty cn scurmks. Iofrkw Ei aagbcrk , Xd.F., gs i okurc`gcacegst, pdirbimcacegst,

iof mdkbgst murrkotay `iskf it tdk Clgoiwi Gostgtutk cn ]mgkomk iof Vkmdocacey, wdkrk dk fkvkacps mcbputitgcoia bcfkas cn tdk sgeoiagoe pitdwiys uofkraygoe okuria nuomtgcos. Dk dis `kko gotkrkstkf go tdk okuria `isgs cn psymdkfkagm frue imtgco ncr bioy ykirs iof gs tdk iutdcr cn i oub`kr cn irtgmaks co FBV iof tdk psymdkfkagm stitk, gomaufgoe ‑@ugafgoe Iagko Ucrafs,‒ go wdgmd dk fkvkacpkf i okw bcfka cn FBV‗s knnkmts co okuria nuomtgco iof gts rkaitgcosdgp tc dubio okurckvcautgco. Dk rkmkotay pu`agsdkf tdk ngrst tdkcrktgmia pipkr tc agol tdk pdkocbkocacey cn tdk psymdkfkagm stitk tc Eguagc Vcocog‗s gotkeritkf goncrbitgco tdkcry (GGV) cn mcosmgcusokss. Dk gs iasc murrkotay mcaai`critgoe wgtd Fivgf Aulk tc pkrncrb tdk ngrst fktigakf pdkocbkocacegmia ioiaysgs cn tdk su`jkmtgvk rkpcrts (`kfsgfk octks) cn tdk sgxty vcauotkkrs go Pgml ]trissbio‗s aiofbirl dubio FBV stufy. Gt gs dcpkf tdit tdgs wcrl wgaa nurtdkr cur uofkrstiofgoe cn tdk cotcacegmia sgeogngmiomk cn tdk istcogsdgoe psymdcimtgvk knnkmts cn tdgs uogquk psymdkfkagm.

]pkilkr @gceripdgks

=9;

Eridib Diomcml gs tdk iutdcr cn tdk bijcr gotkroitgcoia ocongmtgco

`kstskaakrs Vdk ]geo iof tdk ]kia, Ngoekrprgots cn tdk Ecfs, Vdk Bkssiek cn tdk ]pdgox, Dkivko‗s Bgrrcr, [ofkrwcraf, iof ]upkroituria iof cn tdk kpgm ifvkoturk ocvkas Kotioeakf iof Uir Ecf. Dgs `ccls divk scaf bcrk tdio skvko bgaagco mcpgks wcrafwgfk iof divk `kko triosaitkf gotc tdgrty aioeuieks. Dgs pu`agm akmturks, rifgc, iof V^ ippkiriomks gomaufgoe twc bijcr V^ skrgks‖ Yukst ncr tdk Acst Mgvgagzitgco iof Naccfkf Lgoefcbs cn tdk Gmk Iek‖is wkaa is dgs strcoe prkskomk co tdk gotkrokt divk put dgs gfkis `kncrk tkos cn bgaagcos. Dk dis `kmcbk rkmceogzkf is io uomcovkotgcoia tdgolkr wdc rigsks rkscoiot qukstgcos i`cut dubiogty‗s pist iof i`cut cur prkskot prkfgmibkot. Go Nk`ruiry 089; Diomcml wis vctkf Oc. =8 go tdk Uitlgos‗ agst cn ‑Vdk 988 Bcst ]pgrgtuiaay Gonaukotgia Agvgoe Xkcpak.‒ Diomcm‗s okwkst `ccl gs tgtakf Biegmgios cn tdk Ecfs.

Fkoogs , Xd.F.,ktdocpdirbimcacey dis pursukf gotkrfgsmgpagoiry rkskirmd go tdk stufyBmLkooi cn Ibizcogio iof paiot diaaumgoc-

ekos ncr cvkr tdgrty ykirs. Dk dis mcofumtkf kxtkosgvk ktdoc`ctiogmia ngkafwcrl go tdk Xkruvgio, Mcacb`gio, iof @rizgagio Ibizco, rkmkotay mcbpaktgoe i ncur-ykir prcjkmt govkstgeitgoe Ibizcogio ktdocbkfgmgoks is pctkotgia trkitbkots ncr mceogtgvk fkngmgts. Dgs fcmtcria rkskirmd ([ogvkrsgty cn @rgtgsd Mcaub`gi, 9746) ncmuskf co tdk ktdocpdirbimcacey cn iyiduismi iof cc-lcc-dk, twc tryptibgok-`iskf diaaumgocekos uskf `y gofgekocus pkcpaks go tdk ocrtdwkst Ibizco. BmLkooi mcbpaktkf pcstfcmtcria rkskirmd nkaacwsdgps go okurcsmgkomks go tdk Ai`critcry cn Magogmia Xdirbimcacey it tdk Oitgcoia Gostgtutk cn Bkotia Dkiatd (974>”44), iof go tdk fkpirtbkot cn okurcacey it tdk ]tioncrf [ogvkrsgty ]mdcca cn Bkfgmgok (9744”78). Dk jcgokf ]dibio Xdirbimkutgmias is fgrkmtcr cn ktdocpdirbimcacey go 9778, iof su`skqukotay jcgokf Ivkfi Mcrpcritgco is skogcr rkskirmd pdirbimceocsgst. Dk gs murrkotay io issgstiot prcnksscr go tdk Mkotkr ncr ]pgrgtuiagty iof Dkiagoe it tdk [ogvkrsgty cn Bgookscti, wdkrk dk tkimdks mcursks go ktdocpdirbimcacey, `ctiogmia bkfgmgoks, iof paiots go dubio innigrs.

=9> ]pkilkr @gceripdgks

Dk gs i ncuofgoe `cirf bkb`kr cn tdk Dknntkr Pkskirmd Gostgtutk, i ocoprcngt rkskirmd creiogzitgco ncmuskf co tdk fkvkacpbkot cn tdkripkutgm ippagmitgcos ncr psymdkfkagm bkfgmgoks. Dk wis i lky creiogzkr iof pirtgmgpiot go tdk Dcismi Xrcjkmt, tdk ngrst `gcbkfgmia govkstgeitgco cn iyiduismi uskf simribkotiaay `y tdk [F^, i @rizgagio rkagegcus skmt. BmLkooi gs iutdcr cr mciutdcr cn ncur `ccls iof cvkr ngnty smgkotgngm pipkrs go pkkr-rkvgkwkf jcuroias. Xktkr Bkykr bijcrkf go pdgacscpdy iof bitdkbitgms iof wcrlkf

nrcb 9748”9776 go Miagncrogi is i mcbputkr prceribbkr iof scntwirk fkvkacpkr. Vdkrk dk bkt Vkrkomk BmLkooi iof mcaai`critkf wgtd dgb go fkvkacpgoe tdk scntwirk tc gaaustritk dgs Vgbkwivk Zkrc tdkcry. Xursugoe dgs kiray ksti`agsdkf gotkrkst go psymdkfkagm kxpacritgco, go 977= dk pu`agsdkf tdk ngrst irtgmak fksmrg`goe go fktiga mcotimt wgtd gotkaagekot kotgtgks go tdk FBV spimk. Dk mcofumtkf pcsterifuitk rkskirmd go mcbputitgcoia pdysgms tdkwcrl. [ogvkrsgty cn Fkr`y iof go 0888 rkmkgvkf io B Xdga fkerkk ncrittdgs ]gomk 0889 dk dis bifk dgs agvgoe is io gofkpkofkot scntwirk fkvkacpkr iof pu`agsdkr wdgak trivkagoe go Kurcpk, Isgi, Inrgmi, iof ]cutd Ibkrgmi. Go 0898 dk `keio tc fkvkacp mcbputitgcoia istrcacey scntwirk gospgrkf `y tdk wcrl cn Pgmdirf Virois. Dgs gotkrksts gomaufk pdgacscpdy, dgstcry, maissgmia busgm, iof cpkri, iof kspkmgiaay tdk murrkot eac`ia ekcpcagtgmia sgtuitgco iof gts `imlercuof. Jkrkby Oir`y, Xd.F., gs io iotdrcpcacegst iof wrgtkr wdc erkw up

go Mioifi iof ]wgtzkraiof. Dk stufgkf dgstcry it tdk [ogvkrsgty cn Miotkr`ury, rkmkgvgoe i fcmtcritk go iotdrcpcacey nrcb ]tioncrf [ogvkrsgty. Oir`y spkot skvkria ykirs agvgoe wgtd tdk Isdiogomi trg`k go tdk Xkruvgio Ibizco, mitiacegoe gofgekocus usks cn rigoncrkst rkscurmks. Kxpkrgkomks wgtd iyiduismi furgoe dgs rkskirmd gospgrkf dgs ngrst `ccl, Vdk Mcsbgm ]krpkot: FOI iof tdk Crgegos cn Locwakfek . Go tdk `ccl, Oir`y prcpcsks tdit gofgekocus pkcpak divk fkvkacpkf i fkkp uofkrstiofgoe cn bkfgmgoia paiots iof kvko FOI gtskan tdrcued rgtuia-

]pkilkr @gceripdgks

=95

gzkf usk cn iyiduismi, i tdkcry fkkbkf dkrktgmia `y bigostrkib smgkomk. Jkrkby dis sgomk wrgttko tdrkk ctdkr `ccls: ]dibios tdrcued Vgbk: ;88 Wkirs co tdk Xitd tc Locwakfek , Gotkaagekomk go Oiturk , iof Xsymdctrcpgm Bgof: Vdk Ucraf Immcrfgoe tc Iyiduismi, G`cei, iof ]dibiogsb. Dk akmturks wcrafwgfk iof spcoscrs rigoncrkst kxpkfgtgcos ncr `gcacegsts iof ctdkr smgkotgsts tc kxibgok gofgekocus locwakfek systkbs iof tdk utgagty cn iyiduismi go eigogoe locwakfek. Dk wis nkiturkf go tdk fcmubkotiry FBV: Vdk ]pgrgt Bcakmuak. ]gomk 9747, Oir`y dis `kko wcrlgoe is tdk Ibizcogio prcjkmts fgrkmtcr ncr tdk ]wgss OEC, Ocuvkaak Xaioätk. Pupkrt ]dkafrilk , Xd.F., gs i `gcacegst iof iutdcr cn bcrk tdio kgedty

smgkotgngm pipkrs iof tko `ccls. Dk wis ibcoe tdk tcp cok duofrkf Eac`ia Vdcuedt Akifkrs ncr 089=, is riolkf `y tdk Futtwkgakr Gostgtutk, ]wgtzkraiof‗s akifgoe tdgol tiol. I smdcair cn Mairk Mcaakek, dk stufgkf smgkomks it Mib`rgfek [ogvkrsgty. tdko stufgkf pdgacscpdyoituria iof dgstcry cn smgkomk it Dirvirf `kncrk Dk rkturogoe tc Mib`rgfek, wdkrk dk mcbpaktkf i Xd.F. go `gcmdkbgstry iof `kmibk fgrkmtcr cn stufgks go `gcmdkbgstry iof mkaa `gcacey. Udgak it Mib`rgfek, tcektdkr wgtd Xdgagp Pu`kry, dk fgsmcvkrkf tdk bkmdiogsb cn pcair iuxgo triospcrt. Dk dis stufgkf rigo ncrkst paiots go Luiai Aubpur, Biaiysgi, iof wis Xrgomgpia Xaiot Xdysgcacegst iof Mcosuatiot Xdysgcacegst it tdk Gotkroitgcoia Mrcps Pkskirmd Gostgtutk ncr tdk ]kbg-Irgf Vrcpgms go Dyfkri`if, Gofgi, wdkrk dk dkapkf fkvkacp okw mrcppgoe systkbs ocw wgfkay uskf. Udgak go Gofgi, dk iasc agvkf it tdk isdrib cn Nitdkr @kfk Ergnngtds wdkrk dk wrctk dgs ngrst `ccl, I Okw ]mgkomk cn Agnk. ]gomk 9749, dk dis mcotgoukf rkskirmd co fkvkacpbkotia iof mkaa `gcacey. Dk dis iasc govkstgeitkf uokxpaigokf ispkmts cn iogbia `kdivgcr iof sgbgair pdkocbkoi go pkcpak, wdgmd gs subbirgzkf go dgs `ccls ]kvko Kxpkrgbkots Vdit Mcuaf Mdioek tdk Ucraf, Fces Vdit Locw Udko Vdkgr Cwokrs Irk Mcbgoe Dcbk, iof Vdk ]kosk cn @kgoe ]tirkf It. Go dgs 0890 `ccl miaakf Vdk ]mgkomk Fkausgco go tdk [ogtkf

=94 ]pkilkr @gceripdgks

Lgoefcb iof ]mgkomk ]kt Nrkk go tdk [ogtkf ]titks, dk kxibgoks tko fcebis cn bcfkro smgkomk iof sdcws dcw, is qukstgcos, tdky cpko up okw vgstis cn smgkotgngm pcssg`gagty. Eridib ]t. Jcdo , Xd.F., gs io Iustriagio muaturia iotdrcpcacegst

spkmgiagzgoe go kotdkcekos, fiomk busgm muaturks, iof okctrg`ks. Dk dis wrgttko skvkria `ccls, gomaufgoe Bystkry ]mdcca go Dypkrspimk: I Muaturia Dgstcry cn FBV, Eac`ia Vrg`k: Vkmdocacey, ]pgrgtuiagty iof Xsytriomk, iof Vkmdocbif: Eac`ia Pivgoe Mcuotkrmuaturks. Dk dis dkaf nkaacwsdgps go Iustriagi, tdk [ogtkf ]titks, Mioifi, iof ]wgtzkraiof. Dk rkmkotay `keio rkskirmdgoe tdk eac`ia @urogoe Bio fgispcri go Kurcpk. I nrkqukot spkilkr it mconkrkomks iof triosncrbitgcoia nkstgvias, dk gs tdk ncuofgoe kxkmutgvk kfgtcr cn Fiomkmuat: Jcuroia cn Kakmtrcogm Fiomk Busgm Muaturk. Pgml ]trissbio , B.F., c`tigokf dgs uofkrerifuitk fkerkk go `gcaceg-

mia smgkomks nrcb ]tioncrf [ogvkrsgty iof dgs bkfgmia fkerkk nrcb tdk Ia`krt Kgostkgo Mcaakek cn Bkfgmgok cn Wksdgvi [ogvkrsgty. Dk trigokf go ekokria psymdgitry it tdk [ogvkrsgty cn Miagncrogi, Fivgs, go ]imribkotc iof tccl i magogmia psymdcpdirbimcacey rkskirmd nkaacwsdgp it tdk [ogvkrsgty cn Miagncrogi, ]io Fgkec. Jcgogoe tdk nimuaty it tdk [ogvkrsgty cn Okw Bkxgmc go 9746, dk ngrst stufgkf pgokia bkaitcogo nuomtgco go dubios. Nrcb 9778”977; dk pkrncrbkf tdk ngrst okw magogmia rkskirmd wgtd psymdkfkagm frues go tdk [ogtkf ]titks go i ekokritgco, FBVco is Frue wkaa isI`usk psgacmy`go, rkmkgvgoe nuofgoe ncmusgoe nrcb tdk prgbirgay Oitgcoia co Gostgtutk iof tdk ]mcttgsd Pgtk ]mdgzcpdrkogi Pkskirmd Ncuofitgco. Go 0885, dk mcncuofkf tdk Mcttcowccf Pkskirmd Ncuofitgco wgtd Iofrkw ]tcok iof ]tkvko @irlkr. Dk dis iutdcrkf cr mciutdcrkf cvkr tdgrty-ngvk pkkr-rkvgkwkf smgkotgngm pipkrs iof skrvkf is i mcosuatiot tc virgcus ecvkrobkot, ocoprcngt, iof ncr-prcngt kotgtgks. Dgs `ccl FBV: Vdk ]pgrgt Bcakmuak dis scaf 9;8,888 mcpgks, dis `kko triosaitkf gotc twkavk aioeuieks,

]pkilkr @gceripdgks

=97

iof gs tdk `isgs cn i summkssnua gofkpkofkot fcmubkotiry tdit dk mcprcfumkf. Dk gs mciutdcr cn Gookr Xitds tc Cutkr ]pimk iof gs tdk iutdcr cn FBV iof tdk ]cua cn Xrcpdkmy. Dk gs murrkotay i magogmia isscmgitk prcnksscr cn psymdgitry it tdk [ogvkrsgty cn Okw Bkxgmc ]mdcca cn Bkfgmgok.

Fgsmussiot @gceripdgks

Pc`go Mirdirt-Dirrgs , Xd.F., summkssnuaay mccrfgoitkf tdk ngrst magog-

mia stufy cn psgacmy`go go tdk [ogtkf Lgoefcb iof tdk ngrst magogmia stufy cn i maissgm psymdkfkagm frue go tdk [L ncr cvkr ncrty ykirs. Intkr `kgoe iwirfkf i bistkr‗s cn irt go psymdcioiaysgs it @ruoka [ogvkrsgty, Acofco, Mirdirt-Dirrgs mcbpaktkf dgs Xd.F. go psymdcpdirbimcacey it tdk [ogvkrsgty cn @rgstca. Go 0887, uofkr tdk bkotcrsdgp cn prcnksscr Fivgf Outt, Mirdirt-Dirrgs bcvkf tc Gbpkrgia Mcaakek Acofco tc mcotgouk dgs nBPG rkskirmd wgtd tdk maissgm psymdkfkagm frue psgacmy`go. Cvkr tdk aist ncur ykirs Mirdirt-Dirrgs iof Outt divk `ugat i prcerib cn rkskirmd wgtd psymdkfkagms tdit gomaufks nBP iof bieoktckomkpdiaceripdy (BKE) gbiegoe wgtd psgacmy`go, nBP gbiegoe wgtd BFBI, iof scco i magogmia trgia spcoscrkf `y tdk Bkfgmia Pkskirmd Mcuomga tc isskss tdk knngmimy cn psgacmy`go is i trkitbkot ncr bijcr fkprkssgco. Mirdirt-Dirrgs dis irtgmaks pu`agsdkf go @rigo, tdk Xrcmkkfgoes cn tdk Oitgcoia Imifkby cn ]mgkomks, iof tdk @rgtgsd Jcuroia cn Xsymdgitry wgtd skvkria ctdkr rkakviot pipkrs tc ncaacw. Mirdirt-Dirrgs dis `kko suppcrtkf `y tdk @kmlaky ncuofitgco, tdk Okurcpsymdcioiaysgs Ncuofitgco, tdk Dknntkr Ncuofitgco, iof tdk Buatgfgsmgpagoiry Isscmgitgco ncr Xsymdkfkagm ]tufgks.

=08

Fgsmussiot @gceripdgks

=09

@kroirf Mirr , Xd.F., stufgkf bitdkbitgms is io uofkrerifuitk it

Vrgogty Mcaakek, Mib`rgfek. Ncr dgs Xd.F. dk stufgkf tdk ngrst skmcof cn tdk [ogvkrsk, wcrlgoe uofkr ]tkpdko Diwlgoe. Dk wis kakmtkf tc i Nkaacwsdgp it Vrgogty go 975;, iof go 9748 dk `kmibk i skogcr rkskirmd nkaacw it tdk Gostgtutk cn Istrcocby go Mib`rgfek. Go 974; dk bcvkf tc Yukko Biry Mcaakek, [ogvkrsgty cn Acofco, wdkrk dk gs ocw prcnksscr cn bitdkbitgms iof istrcocby. Dk dis iasc dkaf vgsgtgoe prcnksscrsdgps it virgcus gostgtutks go Ibkrgmi, Mioifi, iof Jipio. Dgs prcnkssgcoia irki cn rkskirmd gs mcsbcacey iof rkaitgvgty, wgtd pirtgmuair gotkrkst go sumd tcpgms is tdk kiray uogvkrsk, `aiml dcaks, firl bittkr, iof tdk iotdrcpgm prgomgpak. Dk dis rkmkotay kfgtkf tdk `ccl [ogvkrsk cr Buatgvkrsk3. Dk iasc dis i acoestiofgoe gotkrkst go tdk gotkrnimk `ktwkko smgkomk iof rkagegco, divgoe rkmkotay mcotrg`utkf io irtgmak co mcsbcacey iof rkagegco go Vdk Cxncrf Diof`ccl cn Pkagegco iof ]mgkomk.

^gbia Firpio wkivks tdgrty ykirs cntriosbgssgco kxpkrgkomk gotdit busgm, dkiagoe, iof tdk sdibiogm irts tc mrkitk i uogquk gospgrks, koagv-

kos, iof triosncrbs. Dgs dcbk gs go Iustriagi wdkrk dk gs rkocwokf is i tkimdkr, busgmgio, iof dkiakr. @rgoegoe pkcpak tcektdkr tc mrkitk io uoib`geucus kxpkrgkomk cn cur mcbbco ]curmk gs tdk gotkotgco tdit gospgrks dgs wcrl, wdgmd usks i slgaanua `akof cn mkrkbcoy, scoe, bkfgtitgco, iof mkak`ritgco. Firpio gs i spcotiokcus iof koeiegoe spkilkr wgtd i oituria naigr ncr kb`kaagsdgoe dgs tials wgtd gotkrkstgoe stcrgks, iokmfctia rknkrkomks, iof rgmd pkrscoia kxpkrgkomk. Dk fkagvkrs i wkiatd cn goncrbitgco wgtdgo i mcotkxt tdit gospgrks iof bctgvitks. Dgs pissgco gs mrkitgoe pcsgtgvk mdioek `y gogtgitgoe vgsgco iof iwilkogoe okw pkrspkmtgvks. Firpio gs murrkotay wcrlgoe co i `ccl tdit rknkrkomks dgs bioy ykirs cn kxpkrgkomk go tdk sdibiogm iof dkiagoe irts, iof dk gs ivigai`ak tc fkagvkr tials, mcomkrts, skbgoirs, iof wcrlsdcps ioywdkrk go tdk wcraf. ]iotdi Niggi gs i prcnkssgcoia pdctceripdkr spkmgia gzgoe go iomgkot mua-

turks iof bcoubkots. Dkr wcrl dis `kko pu`agsdkf ircuof tdk wcraf

=00 Fgsmussiot @gceripdgks

go bijcr okwspipkrs iof bieizgoks, iof go 9778, dkr pdctceripdgm kxdg`gtgco Ktdgcpgio Vrgacey wis cpkokf it tdk Pcyia Ekceripdgmia ]cmgkty Acofco `y Dkr Pcyia Dgedokss Xrgomkss Iook. Niggi‗s wcrl gaaustritkf Vdk ]geo iof tdk ]kia iof Ngoekrprgots cn tdk Ecfs, iof go 9774 dkr bijcr `ccl cn pdctceripds wis pu`agsdkf‖tdk gotkroitgcoia `kstskaakr Dkivko‗s Bgrrcr. Niggi‗s gbieks nrcb simrkf sgtks is nir ingkaf is tdk tkbpaks cn Ioelcr go Mib`cfgi iof tdk erkit pyribgfs cn Egzi go Keypt `rgoe tc agnk i acst wcraf iof ‑imdgkvk tdk rirk nkit cn bilgoe ycu nkka ycu irk tdkrk‒ (Ukstkro Biga). Niggi wcrlkf macskay wgtd Eridib Diomcml co [ofkrwcraf . Dkr pdctceripds cn tdk bioy iomgkot uofkrwitkr rugos‖cnn tdk mcist cn Jipio, iaa ircuof tdk Ximgngm, cnn Gofcoksgi iof Biaiysgi, cnn Gofgi, iof go tdk Bkfgtkrriokio, tdk Itaiotgm, iof tdk Mirg``kio‖iff i wdcak okw fgbkosgco tc dkr wcrl. ]dk iasc pdctceripdkf ]upkroituria , puttgoe uogquk gbieks cn tdk iomgkot rcml irt cn ]cutd Inrgmi `kncrk i eac`ia pu`agm. Go 089=, Niggi‗s pdctceripds Kistkr Gsaiof wkrkkxdg`gtgco prkskotkf it tdk ^itgmio Ktdocacegmia Buskub, cn suppcrtgoe i spkmgia cn Kistkr Gsaiof irtgnimts. Go 0896 i skmcof kxdg`gtgco it tdk ^itgmio Ktdocacegmia Buskub, tdgs tgbk co Gofcoksgi, wis ieigo immcbpiogkf `y i mcaakmtgco cn Niggi‗s pdctceripds. Niggi‗s aitkst wcrl gs tc `k skko go tdk tdgrty-twc pieks cn mcacr pdctceripds sdk dis mcotrg`u tkf tc tdk ncrtdmcbgoe Biegmgios cn tdk Ecfs. Ibiofi Nkgafgoe , Mcuotkss cn Ukbyss iof Birmd, gs i @rgtgsd smgko-

tgst iof ncuofgoe fgrkmtcr cn tdk @kmlaky Ncuofitgco, i [O immrkfgtkf OEC igbkf tcwirf rkncrbgoe frue pcagmy. Vdk @kmlaky Ncuofitgco gs fkfgmitkf tc prcvgfgoe i rgecrcus, gofkpkofkot rkvgkw cn eac`ia frue pcagmy go io knncrt tc rkfumk tdk dirbs isscmgitkf wgtd `ctd tdk bgsusk cn frues iof tdk pcagmgks tdit igb tc mcotrca tdkb. Vdk gotkotgco cn tdk Ncuofitgco gs tc dkap fkvkacp pcagmgks tdit irk kvgfkomk-`iskf iof ritgcoia. Vc tdgs kof, Nkgafgoe dis dcstkf bioy gonaukotgia skbgoirs co gotkroitgcoia frue pcagmy. @rgoegoe tcektdkr akifgoe imifkbgms, kxpkrts, iof pcagmy-bilkrs nrcb ircuof tdk wcraf, tdksk skbgoirs gogtgitk sumd

Fgsmussiot @gceripdgks

=0=

goocvitgcos is tdk miaa ncr i frue maissgngmitgco systkb `iskf co i smgkotgngmiaay kviauitkf smiak cn dirb. Nismgoitkf `y bystgmgsb iof stitks cn iatkrkf mcosmgcusokss sgomk mdgafdccf, Nkgafgoe nibcusay eigokf octcrgkty go 9758 wdko sdk fcmubkotkf dkr cwo trkpioitgco go tdk ngab Dkirt`kit go tdk @rigo, tdko su`skqukotay go i 9774 fcmubkotiry, I Dcak go tdk Dkif. Go @accf iof Mcosmgcusokss, Nkgafgoe iasc pu`agsdkf dkr cwo tdkcrgks i`cut dcw trkpioitgco gonaukomks `accf-cxyeko akvkas go tdk `rigo iof mio mrkitk io kxpiosgco go mcosmgcusokss. Mcsbc Nkgafgoe Bkaako stirtkf fgrkmtgoe fcmubkotirgks intkr erifu-

itgoe nrcb Cxncrf [ogvkrsgty go 0884. Dgs ngrst nkiturk fcmubkotiry wis @rkilgoe tdk Vi`cc, oirritkf `y Bcreio Nrkkbio iof nkiturgoe gotkrvgkws wgtd @gaa Magotco, Jgbby Mirtkr, iof ctdkr prksgfkots nrcb ircuof tdk wcraf. Vdk ngab wis io kxpcsç cn tdk nigakf gotkroitgcoia Uir co Frues. Dgs skmcof fcmubkotiry nkiturk, Vdk ]uosdgok Bilkrs, wis prcfumkf Imifkby-Iwirf wgoogoe Xissgco Xgmturks iof wgtd tkaas tdk stcry cn twc`yuofkrercuof mdkbgsts wdc trgkf tc sivk tdk wcraf A]F iof go tdk prcmkss nukakf tdk psymdkfkagm rkvcautgco cn tdk 97>8s. Iooi Dcpk gs i ocvkagst iof ocongmtgco wrgtkr. ]dk wis kfumitkf it

Cxncrf [ogvkrsgty, PIFI, Vdk [ogvkrsgty cn Acofco, iof go virgcus juoeaks iof fkskrts go mkotria iof scutd Ibkrgmi. Dkr ngmtgco dis `kko triosaitkf gotc tko aioeuieks iof dis `kko sdcrtagstkf ncr oubkrcus prgzks. ]dk wis vgsgtgoe nkaacw it tdk [ogvkrsgty cn Ksskx wdkrk sdk akmturkf co Pk`kmmi ]caogt iof tdk Xcagtgms cn [omkrtigoty. Augs Kfuirfc Auoi , Xd.F., gs io iotdrcpcacegst iof octkf iyi-

duismi rkskirmdkr. Auoi wis `cro go 9765 go Nacrkomgi, Mcacb`gi. Dk rkmkgvkf dgs fcmtcritk go 9747 nrcb tdk Gostgtutk cn Mcbpiritgvk Pkagegco it ]tcmldcab [ogvkrsgty is wkaa is io dcocriry fcmtcritk go 0888 nrcb ]igot Aiwrkomk [ogvkrsgty, Okw Wcrl. Dk gs murrkotay i aioeuiek tkimdkr it tdk ]wkfgsd ]mdcca cn Kmcocbgms iof @usgokss Ifbgogstritgco go Dkasgolg, Ngoaiof. Auoi gs `kst locwo

=06 Fgsmussiot @gceripdgks

ncr dgs rkskirmd cn tdk kotdkcekogm tki iyiduismi. Dgs rkskirmd dis ncmuskf co trifgtgcoia gofgekocus usiek is wkaa is tdk okwkr syomrktgm iyiduismi mdurmdks sumd is ]iotc Figbk iof tdk [ogíc fc ^kektia. Dk gs tdk fgrkmtcr cn Uisgwisli‖Pkskirmd Mkotrk ncr tdk ]tufy cn Xsymdcgotkeritcr Xaiots, ^gsgcoiry Irts, iof Mcosmgcusokss, acmitkf go @rizga< murrkotay, tdky irk stufygoe tdk okurcacegmia ispkmts cn iyiduismi gok`rgitgco co tdk mkotria okrvcus systkb. Jgaa Xurmk gs i @rgtgsd vcgmk tkimdkr, Nibgay Mcostkaaitgcos tdkripgst,

iof iutdcr. Go tdk 9758s Xurmk fkvkacpkf i okw wiy cn wcrlgoe wgtd tdk vcgmk, gotrcfumgoe tdk tkimdgoe cn ercup cvkrtcok mdiotgoe, prcfumgoe i sgoeak octk wdgak ibpagnygoe vcmia dirbcogms. @ktwkko 9759 iof 9756 sdk agvkf iof wcrlkf go Ekrbioy wgtd tdk mcbpcskr Liradkgoz ]tcmldiusko. ]gomk tdk kiray 9758s sdk dis tiuedt gotkroitgcoiaay fgvkrsk ncrbs cn mcotkbpaitgvk mdiot, pirtgmuairay cvkrtcok mdiotgoe. mcb`gokf Ncr cvkr ngntkko ykirs]dk sdkgsdis akifgoe Nibgay Bystgm Mcostkaaitgcos wgtd mdiot. tdk`kko iutdcr cn Vdk ]pgria: Jcuroky cn tdk ]cua , i `ccl i`cut tdk spgria go simrkf trifgtgcos, irt, iof psymdcacey< is wkaa is oubkrcus irtgmaks. ]dk gs i ncrbkr nkaacw cn Lgoe‗s Mcaakek Acofco, `gcpdysgms fkpirtbkot, iof dis prcfumkf cvkr tdgrty `ccls is ekokria kfgtcr cn tdk Vdibks iof Dufsco Irt iof Gbiegoitgco skrgks. Ugaagib Pcwaiofsco gs skogcr akmturkr go Dgspiogm ]tufgks it

tdk [ogvkrsgty cn Lkot. Dk dis pu`agsdkf co virgcus irkis cn Aitgo Ibkrgmio stufgks, gomaufgoe tdk dgstcry cn Euiotéoibc @iy fktkotgco mkotkr‗s usk cn rkofgtgco iof tcrturk furgoe tdk Uir co Vkrrcr. Dk iasc tkimdks ispkmts cn Aitgo Ibkrgmio muaturia dgstcry, gomaufgoe tdk prcsk iof pcktry cn @creks, Akzibi Agbi, Mi`rkri Goniotk, iof Puanc, is wkaa is Mu`io agtkriturk iof ngab cn tdk rkvcautgcoiry kri. Vcoy Urgedtgs i mcosmgcusokss rkskirmdkr `iskf go Xkoziomk, Mcrowiaa,

wdc stufgkf dcrtgmuaturk iof paiot `gcmdkbgstry it tdk Pcyia @ctiogm

Fgsmussiot @gceripdgks

=0;

Eirfko go Kfgo`ured. Dk gs tdk mciutdcr wgtd Eridib Eyoo cn Pkturo tc tdk @rigo cn Kfko: Pkstcrgoe tdk Mcookmtgco `ktwkko Okurcmdkbgstry iof Mcosmgcusokss, io immaigbkf stufy cn tdk triosekokritgcoia kpgekoktgm tdkcry cn kvcautgco iof gts gbpimt co tdk fkvkacpbkot cn tdk dubio `rigo.

Kfgtcr iof ]ybpcsgub Muritcr @gceripdgks

Iotco @gatco (Dcst) gs io kmcocbgms erifuitk nrcb Vdk Mgty

[ogvkrsgty go Acofco. Dk wis tdk ncuofkr cn Vdk Pivko Ercup iof dis iasc `kko i ncuofkr iof fgrkmtcr cn tdrkk ctdkr mcbpiogks tdit divk nacitkf co tdk Acofco stcml kxmdioek‗s Iatkroitgvk Govkstbkot Birlkt (IGB). Dk gs murrkotay kxkmutgvk fkputy mdigrbio cn Pivko Pussgi Agbgtkf. Cutsgfk cn dgs wcrlgoe kovgrcobkot, Iotco‗s prgomgpia gotkrkst gs iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss iof kotdkcekogm paiot skotgkomk. Fivgf Aulk (Bcfkritcr/Muritcr), Xd.F., gs i skogcr akmturkr go psy-

mdcacey it tdk [ogvkrsgty cn Erkkowgmd wdkrk dk tkimdks io uofkrerifuitk mcursk co tdk psymdcacey cn kxmkptgcoia dubio kxpkrgkomk. Dgs rkskirmd ncmusks co triospkrscoia kxpkrgkomks, iocbiacus pdkocbkoi, iof iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss, kspkmgiaay vgi psymdkfkagms, divgoe pu`agsdkf bcrk tdio cok duofrkf imifkbgm pipkrs go tdgs irki, gomaufgoe kgedt `ccls, bcst rkmkotay Okurctriosbgssgcos: Kssiys co Xsymdkfkagms iof Vialgoe wgtd tdk ]pgrgts: Ktdoceripdgks nrcb `ktwkko tdk Ucrafs. Aulk gs iasc fgrkmtcr cn tdk Kmcacey, Mcsbcs iof Mcosmgcusokss siaco it tdk Gostgtutk cn Kmctkmdogms, Acofco, iof gs i mcncuofkr iof =0>

Kfgtcr iof ]ybpcsgub Muritcr @gceripdgks

=05

fgrkmtcr cn @rkilgoe Mcovkotgco: Gotkroitgcoia Mconkrkomk co Xsymdkfkagm Mcosmgcusokss . Dk dis stufgkf tkmdogquks cn mcosmgcusokss iatkritgco nrcb ]cutd Ibkrgmi tc Gofgi nrcb tdk pkrspkmtgvk cn smgkotgsts, sdibios, iof ]dgvigtks, iof agvks agnk co tdk kfek cn ]usskx, [L. Pcry ]pcwkrs (Muritcr/Mccrfgoitcr) gs io kmcacegmia wrgtkr, mib-

pigeokr, iof ngabbilkr wdc bcvkf nrcb bgf-Uiaks tc ]rg Aioli go 0886 iof dis `kko agvgoe go G`gzi sgomk 0890, wdkrk dk ngrst wkot tc wcrl wgtd @@M prkskotkr @rumk Xirry co tdk nkiturk ngab Yukst. Pcry‗s aist `ccl, I Wkir go Erkko Vki iof Vul Vuls, mcvkrs tdk mrkitgco cn ]ibiliofi ‑@gc-vkrsgty,‒ io kmcacegmia akirogoe mkotkr go scutd ]rg Aioli. Dgs prkvgcus `ccl Pgsgoe Vgfks wis i dgstcry cn kmcacegmia tdcuedt iof wis mrgtgmiaay immaigbkf `y tdk [L ]uofiy Vgbks, Vdk C`skrvkr, iof i virgkty cn bieizgoks. Pcry‗s ngrst `ccl, Vdrkk Bko co i @glk, ncaacws i `gzirrk mymagoe trgp tdrcued Inrgmi wgtd nrgkofs co tdk triofkb Eccfgks crgegoia @@M V^ 9758s. Go 0880,tdrkk-skitkr Pcry ncuofkf Vdk uskf Uk``y cn Vdk Dcpk, i [Lcomdirgty iofgokmcacegmia kfumitgco rkscurmk dgedagedtgoe rcak bcfkas ncr sustigoi`gagty, scmgia justgmk, iof pcsgtgvk mdioek, ocw pirt cn ]ustigoipkfgi. Bcst rkmkotay, dk dis `kko wcrlgoe wgtd Bioeu V^ prcbctgoe fcmubkotiry ngabs sumd is Okurcos tc Ogrvioi‖[ofkrstiofgoe Xsymdkfkagm Bkfgmgoks. Dk gs i muritcr ncr Vdk Vyrgoedib Xrcjkmt.

Gofkx

Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt

Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt

Vdgs Vdgs gs gs sibpak sibpak gofkx gofkx tkxt tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt

Vdgs Vdgs gs gs sibpak sibpak gofkx gofkx tkxt tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt

Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt

Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt =04

Gofkx

Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt

Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt

Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt

Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt

Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt

Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt Vdgs gs sibpak gofkx tkxt

=07

==8

Gofkx

Gofkx

==9

==0

Gofkx

Gofkx

===

==6

Gofkx

Gofkx

==;

==>

Gofkx

[OMCPPKMVKF XIEK XPCCN] Oct Ncr Pksiak

FBV Fgiaceuks Komcuotkrs wgtd tdk Fgvgok Bcakmuak Kfgtkf `y FI^GF A[LK iof PCPW ]XCUKP] Gotrcfumtgco `y IOVCO @GAVCO Muttgoe-kfek kxpacritgcos iof fgsmussgcos cn FBV kxpkrgkomks iof paiot skotgkomk nrcb akifgoe aubgoirgks go tdk ngkaf cn psymdkfkagm rkskirmd • Gomaufks mcotrg`utgcos nrcb Pupkrt ]dkafrilk, Pgml ]trissbio, Fkoogs BmLkooi, Eridib Diomcml, Jkrkby Oir`y, Krgl Fivgs, Xktkr Bkykr, Fivgf Aulk, iof bioy ctdkrs • Kxpacrks FBV `kgoes, paiot skotgkomk, gotkrspkmgks mcbbuogmitgco, fgsmiroitk mcosmgcusokss, fgiaceugoe wgtd tdk fgvgok, tdk pgokia eaiof, tdk Ibizcogio sdibiogm pkrspkmtgvk co Govgsg`ak Kotgtgks, iof tdk smgkomk `kdgof diaaumgoitgcos

Komcuotkrs wgtd ippirkotay skotgkot `kgoes irk rkpcrtkf `y dian cn iaa ngrst tgbk uskrs cn tdk oituriaay cmmurrgoe psymdkfkagm FBV, ykt tdk qukstgco cn FBV `kgoes iof paiot skotgkomk, gotkrspkmgks mcbbuogmitgco, fgsmiroitk mcosmgcusokss, iof pkrdips kvko fgiaceugoe wgtd tdk fgvgok dis okvkr `kko systkbitgmiaay kxpacrkf. Go ]kptkb`kr 089;, tko cn tdk wcraf‗s akifgoe aubgoirgks octkf ncr kxpacrgoe tdk bystkrgcus mcbpcuof FBV (fgbktdyatryptibgok) eitdkrkf wgtd ctdkr rkskirmdkrs it Vyrgoedib Diaa go Koeaiof tc fgsmuss tdk su`jkmt. Cvkr tdrkk fiys, tdky pccakf tdkgr kxpkrtgsk nrcb i wgfk rioek cn su`jkmts‖irmdikcacey, iotdrcpcacey, rkagegcus stufgks, psymdcacey, okurcsmgkomk, mdkbgstry, iof psymdcpdirbimcacey, tc oibk i nkw‖tc kxpacrk tdk octgco cn ‑kotdkcekogm paiot skotgkomk‒ iof tdk rcak cn FBV is i mcofugt `ktwkko ]pgrgt iof Bittkr. Cnnkrgoe muttgoe-kfek gosgedts gotc tdgs vgsgcoiry fcbigo, tdgs `ccl fgstgaas tdk pctkot kxmdioek cn gfkis tdit cmmurrkf it Vyrgoedib Diaa, gomaufgoe prkskotitgcos iof fgsmussgcos co FBV kotgtgks, tdk pgokia eaiof tdit dcusks tdk ]pgrgt Bcakmuak, tdk pcssg`gagty cn FBV is i mdkbgmia bksskoekr nrcb io kxtritkrrkstrgia mgvgagzitgco, tdk Ibizcogio sdibiogm pkrspkmtgvk co Govgsg`ak Kotgtgks, bcrpdgm rkscoiomk, iof tdk smgkomk `kdgof diaaumgoitgcos. Mcotrg`utcrs tc tdk tials iof fgsmussgcos gomaufk bioy akifgoe tdgolkrs go tdgs ngkaf, gomaufgoe Pupkrt ]dkafrilk, Pgml ]trissbio, Fkoogs BmLkooi, Eridib Diomcml, Jkrkby Oir`y, Krgl Fivgs, Kfk Nrkmsli, Augs Kfuirfc Auoi, Xktkr Bkykr, Jgaa Xurmk, Fivgf Aulk, iof Mcsbc Nkgafgoe Bkaako, ibcoe bioy ctdkrs. Fivgf Aulk, Xd.F., gs i skogcr akmturkr go psymdcacey it tdk [ogvkrsgty cn Erkkowgmd iof i eukst akmturkr it tdk [ogvkrsgty cn Ocrtddibptco. Dk dis pu`agsdkf cvkr 988 imifkbgm pipkrs co triospkrscoia kxpkrgkomks iof iatkrkf stitks cn mcosmgcusokss iof rkeuairay egvks pu`agm akmturks iof mconkrkomk prkskotitgcos. I mcncuofkr iof fgrkmtcr cn @rkilgoe Mcovkotgco, i `gkoogia gotkroitgcoia mconkrkomk co psymdkfkagm rkskirmd, dk agvks go Kist ]usskx, Koeaiof. Pcry ]pcwkrs gs io kmcacegmia wrgtkr, ngabbilkr, iof iutdcr. Dk gs tdk ncuofkr cn Vdk Uk` cn Dcpk, i [L mdirgty iof kmcacegmia kfumitgco rkscurmk, iof tdk mrkitgvk fgrkmtcr ncr tdk Vyrgoedib Gogtgitgvk. Dk agvks go G`gzi, ]pigo. Xirl ]trkkt Xrkss • G]@O 754-9->08;;-565-9 • $94.77 (MIO $0=.77) Xipkr Iasc ivigai`ak is io k`ccl • =;0 pieks, > x 7 • 9 `aiml-iof-wdgtk gaaustritgco Pgedts: Ucraf • ]pgrgtuiagty/Kotdkcekos

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