Pancreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs 001
.Secretory products of pancreatic β-cells are:
a )Glucagon, proglucagon b )Insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) c )Somatostatin d )Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) 002
.Insulin is:
a )A glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 6000 b )A small protein with a molecular weight of 5808 having disulphide linkage c )A fructoolygosaccharide fructoolygosaccharide d )A catecholamine 003
.Insulin is a polypeptide hence :
a )It is resistant to destruction by gastric juice b )It is destroyed by gastric juice c )It is not a polypeptide d )It is metabolized immediately by cellular enzymes 004
.Bovine insulin is less antigenic than porcine .This consideration is:
a )True b )False 005
.Insulin causes reduction in blood sugar level by the following mechanisms, EXCEPT:
a )Increased glucose uptake in the peripheral tissue b )Reduction of breakdown of glycogen c )Diminished gluconeogenesis d )Decreased glucose absorption from the gut 006
.Which of the following is true for glucagon?
a )Stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver b )Stimulates the secretion of insulin by beta cells c) Inhibits glucose utilization by skeletal muscle d )Inhibits uptake of aminoacids by cells. 007
.Insulin cannot be administered by :
a )Oral route b )Intravenous route c )Subcutaneous route d )Intramuscular route. 008
.Sources of human insulin production are :
a )Recombinant DNA techniques by inserting the proinsulin gene into b )Postmortem insulin extraction from human autopsy pancreas c )All of the above d )None of the above 009
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.The primary reason for a physician to prescribe human insulin is that:
a )It has a faster onset of action than other insulins b )It has a shorter duration of action than other insulins c )It can be given to patients who have an allergy to animal insulins d )It is more effective in preventing the complications of diabetes than animal insulins 010
.Correct statements about crystalline zinc (regular )insulin include all of the following, EXCEPT:
a )It can serve as replacement therapy for juvenile-onset diabetes b )It can be administered intravenously c )It is a short-acting insulin d )It can be administered orally 011
.Diabetic coma is treated by the administration of:
a )Lente insulin b )Glucose c )Crystalline insulin d )Oral anti-diabetic drugs. 012
.Sulphonylureas act by :
a )Reducing the absorption of carbohydrate from the gut b )Increasing the uptake of glucose in peripheral tissues c )Reducing the hepatic gluconeogenesis d )Stimulating the beta islet cells of pancreas to produce insulin 013
.Sulphonylureas are effective in totally insulin deficient patients .This consideration is:
a )True b )False .Currently used second-generation sulfonylureas include the following, EXCEPT : a )Glyburide (Glibenclamide) b )Glipizide (Glydiazinamide) c )Glimepiride (Amaril) d )Tolbutamide (Orinase) 014
.Currently used oral hypoglycemic thiazolidinediones include the following, EXCEPT a )Pioglitazone (Actos) b )Rosiglitazone (Avandia) c )Troglitazone (Rezulin) d )All of the above 015
016
.Thiazolidinediones act by:
a )Diminishing insulin resistance by increasing glucose uptake and metabolism in muscle and adipose tissues b )Reducing the absorption of carbohydrate from the gut c )Stimulating the beta islet cells of pancreas to produce insulin d )All of the above .Currently used alpha-glucosidase inhibitors include the following, EXCEPT: a )Pioglitazone (Actos) b )Acarbose (Precose) c )Miglitol (Glyset) d )All of the above 017
018
.Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors act by:
a )Diminishing insulin resistance by increasing glucose uptake and metabolism in muscle and adipose tissues b )Competitive inhibiting of intestinal alpha-ghucosidases and modulating the postprandial digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides c )Reducing the absorption of carbohydrate from the gut d )Stimulating the beta islet cells of pancreas to produce insulin
019
.Potency of action of
a )Miglitol is six times higher than that of acarbose b )Acarbose is more than that of miglitol c )Miglitol and acarbose is equal d )Oral hypoglycemic agents depend on the severity of hyperglycemia .Which of the following oral hypoglycaemic drugs stimulates both synthesis and release of insulin from beta islet cells: a )Glibenclamide b )Phenformin c )Buformine d )Metformin 020
.Currently used oral hypoglycemic biguanides include the following, EXCEPT : a )Repaglinide (Prandin) b )Metformin c )Phenformine d )Glipizide 021
022
.The action of insulin is potentiated by:
a )Sulphonylureas b )Glucagon c )Biguanides d )None of the above 023
.Duration of action of:
a )Tolbutamide is more than that of chlorpropamide b )Chlorpropamide is more than that of tolbutamide c )Tolbutamide and chlorpropamide is equal d )Oral hypoglycemic agents depend on the severity of hyperglycemia 024
.Side effects of sulphonylureas are less than those of biguanides .This considerations is :
a )True b )False 025
.Biguanides are used in the following conditions, EXCEPT :
a )As a supplement to sulphonylurea, where it is insufficient to give good results b )In over weight diabetics c )To reduce insulin requirements d )In case of hyperglycemic shock 026
.Which of the following agents is/are important hormonal antagonists of insulin in the body?
a )Glucagon b )Adrenal steroids c )Adrenaline d )All of the above 027
.Glucagon is:
a )A glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 6000 b )A peptide – identical in all mammals – consisting of a single chain of 29 amino acids c )A a fructoolygosaccharide d )A small protein with a molecular weight of 5808 having disulphide linkage 028
.Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a )Glucagon is synthesized in the A cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans .
b )Glucagon is a peptide – identical in all mammals – consisting of a single chain of 29 amino acids c )Glucagon is extensively degraded in the liver and kidney as well as in plasma, and at its tissue receptor sites. d )Half-life of glucagon is between 6 and 8 hours, which is similar to that of insulin 029
.Glucagon can be used in the following situations, EXCEPT:
a )Severe hypoglycemia b )Severe hyperglycemia c )Endocrine diagnosis d )Beta-blocker poisoning 030
.Main complications of insulin therapy include the following :
a )Hypoglycemia b )Insulin allergy c )Lipodystrophy at an injection site d )All of the above
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