Description
STA. IGNACIA HIGH SCHOOL PRIVATE Santa Ignacia, Tarlac 2303
LEARNING MODULE MUSIC GRADE 9 | Q1 (WEEK 1)
MUSIC OF THE 20TH CENTURY ___________________________________ Student’s Name
___________________________________ Grade and Section
EDRIAN R. DOMINGO Subject Teacher
NAME: ___________________________________________ GRADE AND SECTION: ______________________________
DATE STARTED: ___________________ DATE COMPLETED: ________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET – MODULE 1 (WEEK 1)
MUSIC OF THE 20TH CENTURY: IMPRESSIONISM AND EXPRESSIONISM Music is important in the life of many people. It is a form of art that existed even during the ancient times. In this module, you will learn how music was developed in the 20th century and brought various changes in the musical world. It is a period were composers or musicians acquired independence in writing their music. Their own ideas were brought and expressed out. The use of technology was also utilized in their compositions. This module will also help you gain more understanding on the 20 th century stylistic styles such as Impressionism, Expressionism, Electronic music, and Chance music and get to know some important figures such as Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, and Arnold Schoenberg. CONTENT STANDARDS The Learner demonstrates understanding of 20th century music styles and characteristic features. PERFORMANCE STANDARD The Learner creates musical pieces using particular style/s of the 20th Century. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES The Learner… describes distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th century styles; explains the performance practice (setting, composition, role of composers/performers, and audience) of 20th century music; relates 20th Century music to other art forms and media during the same time period; performs music sample from the 20th century evaluates music and music performances using guided rubrics LESSONS AND COVERAGE: Title
Topic
Impressionism
a. b.
Historical and cultural background Composers: Claude Debussy, and Maurice Ravel
Expressionism
a) b)
Historical and cultural background Composer: Schoenberg and Stravinsky
Others
a) b)
Electronic music Chance music
20TH CENTURY MUSIC
MODULE MAP Here is a simple map of the above lessons you will cover.
EXPECTED SKILLS
IMPRESSIONISM PROCESS THROUGH
EXPRESSIONISM
HISTORY MUSICAL STYLES COMPOSERS
REQUIRED SKILLS Listening Reading Imitating/Recreating Responding Creating Performing Analyzing
OTHER MUSICAL STYLES
To do well in this module, you need to remember and do the following: 1. Read the instructions carefully before starting anything 2. Complete all the activities and worksheet given 3. Use dictionary and the like to find the meaning of the words that you do not understand. 4. Use notebook to summarize what you have just read, to compute your answers and record scores, and to revise final scores. 5. Review the criteria in the rubrics and evaluate your work using the provided checklist. 6. Make a timetable for your study. Do not force yourself to answer everything if you are already tired. Give yourself time to relax.
ACTIVITIES MONDAY Answer Pre Assessment Reading Activity: Impressionism in music Listening Activity ACTIVITY 1
TUEDAY
Listening Activity Reading Activity: Expressionism in Music ACTIVITY 2 ACTIVITY 3
WEDNESDAY
ACTIVITY 4
THURSDAY
QUIZ DAY
FRIDAY
DEADLINE AND SUBMISSION OF MODULE
PRE ASSESSMENT Let us find out how much you already know about this module. Pre-assessment test is a non-graded assessment tool used to determine pre-existing subject knowledge. Please answer all items honestly without peeking through the rest of the module. After taking the short test, ask your teacher to check your work. Take note of the item that you were not able to correctly answer and look for the answer as you go through this module To assess what you know about the music of the 20th Century, answer the following activities. I. Direction: Encircle the letter of your choice. 1.
In music, the early twentieth century was a time of a. the continuation of old forms c. revolt and change b. stagnation d. disinterest 2. Which of the following statements is not true? a. Twentieth-century music follows the same general principles of musical structure as earlier periods. b. After 1900 each musical composition is more likely to have a unique system of pitch relationships, rather than be organized around a central tone. c. Twentieth-century music relies less on pre-established relationships and expectations. d. The years following 1900 saw more fundamental changes in the language of music than any time since the beginning of the baroque era. 3. Which statement about composers of the 20th century is not true? a. Composers were asking the question "How can we make the music from the past better?" b. Some composers trying to distance themselves from the past. c. Some composers tried to return to some aspect of the past, especially the Classical Period. d. Composers had ambivalent attitudes toward the musical past. 4. Which statement concerning 20th century music is not true? a. Art music was becoming more relevant in day-to-day life. b. Composers whose music has become more and more complex have widened the gap between art and popular music. c. There was a widening gap between art music and popular music. d. Popular music especially jazz, country and rock became the central musical focus of the majority of people in the Western world. 5. The first significant atonal pieces were composed around 1908 by a. Claude Debussy c. Igor Stravinsky b. Arnold Schoenberg d. Aaron Copland 6. The most important impressionist composer was a. Bela Bartok c. Richard Wagner b. Claude Debussy d. Arnold Schoenberg 7. Impressionism in music is characterized by a. a stress on tone color, atmosphere, and fluidity c. the recurrence of strong accents on the downbeat b. an adherence to traditional harmonic chord d. all of the above progressions 8. Neoclassical composers favored a. clear polyphonic textures c. programmatic music b. unusual and exotic scales d. homophonic textures 9. Neoclassical composers favored a. program music c. tonality b. atonality d. large orchestras 10. Neoclassical compositions are characterized by a. harsh dissonances c. the use of the twelve-tone system b. forms and stylistic features of earlier periods d. whole-tone scales 11. Expressionism stressed a. intense subjective emotion c. reticence b. surface beauty d. subtle feeling 12. Expressionist painters, writers, and composers used ____________ to assault and shock their audience. a. deliberate distortions c. clearly defined forms b. pastel colors d. vague nature scenes
13. Which of the following statements is not true? a. Expressionist painters reacted against French impressionism; they often used jarring colors and grotesquely distorted shapes to explore the subconscious. b. Expressionist artists favored pleasant subjects, delicate pastel colors, and shimmering surfaces. c. A stress on harsh dissonance, an exploitation of extreme registers, fragmentation, and unusual instrumental effects are all characteristics of expressionistic compositions. d. Twentieth-century musical expressionism grows out of the emotional turbulence in the works of late romantics like Wagner, Richard Strauss, and Gustav Mahler. 14. Schoenberg developed an unusual style of vocal performance, halfway between speaking and singing, called a. Klangfarbenmeiodie c. serialism b. atonality d. Sprechstimme 15. Which statement concerning serialism is true? a. Serial composers were challenged to write music that sounded bizarre and illogical b. Serialism is created through mathematical methods. c. Composers came up with ways to serialize the notes that were played but other musical elements such as note length, dynamics, and texture were totally left up to chance. d. Serial music was widely accepted and enjoyed by the average concert-goer because of its Classical style. 16. Since World War II, musical styles have a. remained relatively stable c. returned to the styles of the nineteenth century b. concentrated on perfecting the twelve-tone system d. taken many new directions and changes 17. Milton Babbitt was the first composer to a. extend serial principles of organization to all musical dimensions b. combine live and electronic music c. use the electronic medium d. use computers in the composition of music 18. Chance music was pioneered by a. Milton Babbitt c. John Cage b. Claude Debussy d. Igor Stravinsky 19. Which statement about chance music is not true? a. Chance music aimed to remove all creative choice from the composers, leaving it all up to chance. b. Chance music often relied on coin flips or dice rolls to determine how something is performed. c. Chance music is a form of serialism where the composer controls every aspect of the music. d. Chance music is now viewed as a passing fad of the mid-20th century. 20. Which statement about minimalism is not true? a. This style has spread into pop music. b. Musical patterns are repeated over and over then varied over long stretches of time. c. Minimalistic music often has a trance-like or hypnotic affect. d. Minimalistic music uses a large amount of musical material. 21. Serialism is a compositional technique in which a. a series of five pitches could be constantly repeated b. a series of musical ideas would follow each other in quick succession c. a series of rhythms, dynamics, or tone colors could serve as a unifying idea d. the World Series was the unifying idea of a composition 22. In chance, or aleatory music the composer a. writes the music in a traditional manner, but allows the recording engineer to make electronic changes b. writes a rhythmic pattern but leaves it to the performer to determine the actual pitches c. takes a chance on which performers will perform the work d. chooses pitches, tone colors, and rhythms by random methods 23. Minimalist music is characterized by a. rapidly changing dynamics and textures b. the use of twelve-tone techniques to organize the dimensions of music c. a steady pulse, clear tonality, and insistent repetition of short melodic patterns d. the development of musical materials through random methods 24. Twentieth-century composers incorporated elements of folk and popular music within their personal styles because a. it made it more fun to perform b. it simplified technical problems of musical composition c. it made their music more commercially viable d. they were attracted to the unconventional rhythms, sounds, and melodic patterns 25. Around 1940, John Cage invented the prepared piano, a(n) a. ensemble of percussion instruments b. grand piano complete with flowers, candelabra, and elaborate decorations c. grand piano whose sound is altered by objects such as bolts, screws, rubber bands, pieces of felt, paper and plastic inserted between the strings of some of the keys d. electronic producing many percussive sound
LESSON 1. IMPRESSIONISM IN MUSIC The 20th century is a period of many changes and a time of great expansion and development. It was dominated by a chain of events that showed significant changes in world history which included two global wars: World War I (1914-1918) and World War II (1939-1945). The advancement in science and technology and inventions in the fields of transportation and communication greatly influenced humanity. The arts followed the materialistic and mechanized age of the present world and society’s return to objectivity, expressionism, functionalism. In music, advancement in technology during the 20th century brought dramatic innovations in forms and styles of music. A large number of music was composed and became widely accessible to people through expanded channels of publication, recording, concert performance, and educational resources. Because music was not confined in concerts, theaters, and clubs, the artists and their music easily gained recognition and popularity world-wide. Music in this century brought new freedom and wide experimentation with new musical style and forms. These musical styles were derived from developments of painting, some were a continuation of earlier stylistic concepts, and others were musical concepts that belonged to the 20th century. The most prominent trait that greatly influenced the flow of music was individualism wherein composers were able to invent, compose, and write music according to their own style and free will. This new trend in music brought out a violent reaction from some traditional composers. The most famous scene in music history was the ballet of Igor Stravinsky’s The Rite of Spring which nearly caused a riot among its audience during its premiere in May 29, 1913 in Paris. Some conservative musicians and audiences during that time considered his work as noise. It is now, however, highly recognized and commonly heard in jazz, rock, and musical themes for movies and television. The development of modern music can be seen in the various styles of some great composers such as Claude Debussy, Igor Stravinsky, Arnold Schoenberg, and Béla Bartók. Folk music was used and studied by Béla Bartók, a proponent scholar of folk music in Hungary. Jazz and popular music made its way in this century and the twelve-tone scale (the arrangement of twelve-tones serving as the basis for the whole piece) also was introduced by Arnold Schoenberg. IMPRESSIONISM Impressionism is a French movement developed in the late 19 th and early 20th century. This movement was derived from Claude Monet’s painting entitled Impression, Sunrise in 1872. This style, borrowed from painting, tries to capture an immediate impression of a subject with the use of light and color. In music, Impressionism was started by Debussy in reaction to the dramatic emotionalism of romantic music. Impressionism may be described as having refinement, vague in form, delicate in nature, and conveys atmosphere and subtle emotion. Like painting, impressionist music projects a hazy and dream-like quality and usually use nature as the subject. It abandoned the traditional major and minor harmonies and used new combination of extended chords, whole-tone chords, chromaticism, and exotic rhythm and scale. It also characterized by overlapping of different chords, unresolved dissonances, rich orchestral color, and free rhythm. The foremost proponents of impressionistic movement include the French composers Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel who developed a particular style in music. Some of the notable composer in other countries were Ottorino Respighi from Italy, Manuel de Falla and Isaac Albeniz from Spain, and Ralph Vaughan Williams from England. LISTENING ACTIVITY Listen to the following 20th century music: La Mer - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOCucJw7iT8
Bolero - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r30D3SW4OVw Answer the following questions: 1.
What can you say about the music you have heard? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Which music do you like the best? Why? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
Which music do you dislike most? Why? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Impressionist Composers CLAUDE DEBUSSY (1862–1918) One of the most important and influential of the 20th century composers was Claude Debussy. He was the primary exponent of the impressionist movement and the focal point for other impressionist composers. He changed the course of musical development by dissolving traditional rules and conventions into a new language of possibilities in harmony, rhythm, form, texture, and color. Debussy was born in St. Germain-en-Laye in France on August 22, 1862. His early musical talents were channeled into piano lessons. He entered the Paris Conservatory in 1873. He gained a reputation as an erratic pianist and a rebel in theory and harmony. He added other systems of musical composition because of his musical training. In 1884, he won the top prize at the Prix de Rome competition with his composition L’Enfant Prodigue (The Prodigal Son). This enabled him to study for two years in Rome, where he got exposed to the music of Richard Wagner, specifically his opera Tristan und Isolde, although he did not share the latter’s grandiose style. Debussy’s mature creative period was represented by the following works: Ariettes Oubliées Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun String Quartet Pelléas et Mélisande (1895) - his famous operatic work that drew mixed extreme reactions for its innovative harmonies and textural treatments. La Mer (1905) - a highly imaginative and atmospheric symphonic work for orchestra about the sea Images, Suite Bergamasque, and Estampes - his most popular piano compositions; a set of lightly textured pieces containing his signature work Claire de Lune (Moonlight) His musical compositions total more or less 227 which include orchestral music, chamber music, piano music, operas, ballets, songs, and other vocal music. The creative style of Debussy was characterized by his unique approach to the various musical elements. Debussy’s compositions deviated from the Romantic Period and is clearly seen by the way he avoided metric pulses and preferred free form and developed his themes. Debussy’s western influences came from composers Franz Liszt and Giuseppe Verdi. From the East, he was fascinated by the Javanese gamelan that he had heard at the1889 Paris Exposition. The gamelan is an ensemble with bells, gongs, xylophone, and occasional vocal parts which he later used in his works to achieve a new sound. From the visual arts, Debussy was influenced by Monet, Pissarro, Manet, Degas, and Renoir; and from the literary arts, by Mallarme, Verlaine, and Rimbaud. Most of his close friends were painters and poets who significantly influenced his compositions. His role as the “Father of the Modern School of Composition” made its mark in the styles of the later 20th century composers like Igor Stravinsky, Edgar Varese, and Olivier Messiaen. Debussy spent the remaining years of his life as a critic, composer, and performer. He died in Paris on March 25, 1918 of cancer at the height of the First World War. MAURICE RAVEL (1875–1937) Joseph Maurice Ravel was born in Ciboure, France to a Basque mother and a Swiss father. He entered the Paris Conservatory at the age of14 where he studied with the eminent French composer Gabriel Faure. During his stint with the school where he stayed until his early 20’s, he had composed a number of masterpieces. The compositional style of Ravel is mainly characterized by its uniquely innovative but notational style of harmonic treatment. It is defined with intricate and sometimes modal melodies and extended chordal components. It demands considerable technical virtuosity from the performer which is the character, ability, or skill of a virtuoso—a person who excels in musical technique or execution. The harmonic progressions and modulations are not only musically satisfying but also pleasantly dissonant and elegantly sophisticated. His refined delicacy and color, contrasts and effects add to the difficulty in the proper execution of the musical passages. These are extensively used in his works of a programmatic nature; wherein visual imagery is either suggested or portrayed. Many of his works deal with water in its flowing or stormy moods as well as with human characterizations. Ravel’s works include the following: Pavane for a Dead Princess (1899), a slow but lyrical requiem Jeux d’Eau or Water Fountains (1901) String Quartet (1903) Sonatine for Piano (c.1904) Miroirs (Mirrors), 1905, a work for piano known for its harmonic evolution and imagination Gaspard de la Nuit (1908), a set of demonic-inspired pieces based on the poems of Aloysius Bertrand which is arguably the most difficult piece in the piano repertoire. These were followed by a number of his other significant works, including Valses Nobles et Sentimentales (1911)
Le Tombeau de Couperin (c.1917), a commemoration of the musical advocacies of the early 18th century French composer Francois Couperin, Rhapsodie Espagnole Bolero Daphnis et Chloe (1912), a ballet commissioned by master choreographer Sergei Diaghilev that contained rhythmic diversity, evocation of nature and choral ensemble La Valse (1920), a waltz with a frightening undertone that had been composed for ballet and arranged as well as for solo and duo piano. The two piano concerti composed in 1929 as well as the violin virtuosic piece Tzigane (1922) total the relatively meager compositional output of Ravel, approximating 60 pieces for piano, chamber music, song cycles, ballet, and opera. Ravel was a perfectionist and every bit a musical craftsman. He strongly adhered to the classical form, specifically its ternary structure. A strong advocate of Russian music, he also admired the music of Chopin, Liszt, Schubert, and Mendelssohn. He died in Paris in 1937.
Comparative Styles of Debussy and Ravel As the two major exponents of French Impressionism in music, Debussy and Ravel had crossed paths during their lifetime although Debussy was thirteen years older than Ravel. While their musical works sound quite similar in terms of their harmonic and textural characteristics, the two differed greatly in their personalities and approach to music. Whereas Debussy was more spontaneous and liberal in form, Ravel was very attentive to the classical norms of musical structure and the compositional craftsmanship. Whereas Debussy was more casual in his portrayal of visual imagery, Ravel was more formal and exacting in the development of his motive ideas. MAKING MEANING Get to know the important terms that can help you better understand this lesson Impressionism Hazy Basque virtuoso
A style of musical composition designed to create subtle moods and impressions Obscured or made dim or cloudy by or as if by haze A member of a people inhibiting the western Pyrenees on the Bay of Biscay A highly skilled musical performer
ACTIVITY 1. Look for Claude Debussy’s Clair de Lune in Youtube. As you listen to the music, draw or paint the emotions you feel. Use different colors to convey your emotions. Use 11x8.5 bond paper for this activity
Rubric: Criteria
Very Good (10 pts.)
Good (6 pts.)
Average (4 pts.)
Needs Improvement (2 pts.)
Performed the activity following the instructions Produced an artwork that is an expression of how the student felt at the time the music was played Described clearly his or her experience of drawing while he or she was listening to the music Wrote intelligently about his or her observations and experience of drawing while listening to the music TOTAL POINTS
LESSON 2. EXPRESSIONISM IN MUSIC Expressionism is an art movement that began in Germany during the 20th century. The term Expressionism was originally borrowed from painting which intended to express strong emotion such as anxiety, anger, and feeling of isolation. In music, it is characterized by subjectivity, dissonance, and atonality. It made use of polytonality (simultaneous use of two or more keys), and the twelve-tone scale which was established by Arnold Schoenberg, the central figure of expressionism and one of the members of the Second Viennese School. Schoenberg’s students Anton Webern and Alban Berg are also known expressionist composers. LISTENING ACTIVITY Listen to Igor Stravinsky’s Petrushka and Arnold Schoenberg’s Pierrot Lunaire Which of the two compositions do you like best? Explain your answer ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874–1951) Arnold Schoenberg was born in a working-class suburb of Vienna, Austria on September 13, 1874. Schoenberg was one of the most influential figures in music and founder of musical modernism of the early 20th century. He taught himself music theory, but took lessons in counterpoint. German composer Richard Wagner influenced his work as evidenced by his symphonic poem Pelleas et Melisande, Op 5 (1903), a counterpoint of Debussy’s opera of the same title. Schoenberg’s style was constantly undergoing development. From the early influences of Wagner, his tonal preference gradually turned to the dissonant and atonal, as he explored the use of chromatic harmonies. Although full of melodic and lyrical interest, his music is also extremely complex, creating heavy demands on the listener. His works were met with extreme reactions, either strong hostility from the general public or enthusiastic acclaim from his supporters.
Schoenberg is credited with the establishment of the twelve-tone system. His works include the following: Verklarte Nacht Three Pieces for Piano, op. 11 Pierrot Lunaire Erwartung Gurreleider String Quartet in D Major Fantasia Verklarte Nacht (Transfigured Night, 1899), one of his earliest successful pieces, blends the lyricism, instrumentation, and melodic beauty of Brahms with the chromaticism and construction of Wagner. His musical compositions total more or less 213 which include concerti, orchestral music, piano music, operas, choral music, songs, and other instrumental music. Schoenberg died on July 13, 1951 in Los Angeles, California, USA where he had settled since 1934. IGOR STRAVINSKY (1882–1971) Igor Stravinsky stands alongside fellow-composer Schoenberg, painter Pablo Picasso, and literary figure James Joyce as one of the great trendsetters of the 20th century. He was born in Oranienbaum (now Lomonosov), Russia on June17, 1882. Stravinsky’s early music reflected the influence of his teacher, the Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Butin his first successful masterpiece, The Firebird Suite (1910), composed for Diaghilev’s Russian Ballet, his skillful handling of material and rhythmic inventiveness went beyond anything composed by his Russian predecessors. He added a new ingredient to his nationalistic musical style. The Rite of Spring (1913) was another outstanding work which nearly triggered a riot upon its premier in 1913 and was later hailed for its revolutionary score. A new level of dissonance was reached and the sense of tonality was practically abandoned. Asymmetrical rhythms successfully portrayed the character of a solemn pagan rite. When he left the country for the United States in 1939, Stravinsky slowly turned his back on Russian nationalism and cultivated his neoclassical style. Stravinsky adapted the forms of the 18th century with his contemporary style of writing. Despite its “shocking” modernity, his music is also very structured, precise, controlled, full of artifice, and theatricality. Other outstanding works include the ballet Pétrouchka (1911), featuring shifting rhythms and polytonality, a signature device of the composer. The Rake’s Progress (1951), a full-length opera, alludes heavily to the Baroque and Classical styles of Bach and Mozart through the use of the harpsichord, small orchestra, solo and ensemble numbers with recitatives stringing together the different songs. Stravinsky’s musical output approximates 127 works, including concerti, orchestral music, instrumental music, operas, ballets, solo vocal, and choral music. Renard and Les Noces are two of his best known works in Switzerland. He died in New York City on April 6, 1971. MAKING MEANING Get to know the important terms that can help you better understand this lesson Expressionism retrograde
A theory or practice in art of seeking to depict the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse in the artist Occurring or performed in a backward direction
Changing or reversing the relative positions of the notes of a musical interval, chord, or phrase.
inversion
ACTIVITY 2. Listen to the first movement of Pierrot Lunaire by Arnold Schoenberg. Draw or paint a face that will symbolize the music that you will listen to using any art medium of your choice. Use the space below for your drawing. Give a title and a short explanation of your artwork
Rubric: Criteria
Very Good (10 pts.)
Good (6 pts.)
Performed the activity following the instructions Produced an artwork that is an expression of how the student felt at the time the music was played Described clearly his or her experience of drawing while he or she was listening to the music Wrote intelligently about his or her observations and experience of drawing while listening to the music TOTAL POINTS
ACTIVITY 3. Fill in the Venn Diagram below
IMPRESSIONISM
ACTIVITY 4. Practice and perform the song below. Use improvised instruments and appropriate movements for the song. Record your performance using any video recording tool of your choice. (Deadline of Submission: A week before the Preliminary Exam Date to be Announced)
EXPRESSIONISM
Average (4 pts.)
Needs Improvement (2 pts.)
Here is an example of an expressionist music written by Arnold Schoenberg. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gB4GUZfZYts (0:0 – 0:55 seconds) THE SICK MOON FROM PIERROT LUNAIRE
NAME: ___________________________________________ GRADE AND SECTION: ______________________________
DATE: _______________ SCORE: ______________
QUIZ NUMBER 1 (MUSIC) MUSIC OF THE 20TH CENTURY: IMPRESSIONISM AND EXPRESSIONISM A.
Identification ________________ 1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. ________________ 4. ________________ 5. ________________ 6. ________________ 7. ________________ 8. ________________ 9. ________________ 10. ________________ 11. ________________ 12. ________________ 13. ________________ 14. ________________ 15. ________________ 16. ________________ 17. ________________ 18. ________________ 19. ________________ 20.
A theory or practice in art of seeking to depict the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse in the artist. The most essential element of style in impressionist music is ___________. Painting by Monet that paved way to impressionism A musical scale with twelve pitches, each a semitone above or below its adjacent pitches A style of musical composition designed to create subtle moods and impressions. Who is considered the foremost impressionist? A highly imaginative and atmospheric symphonic work for orchestra about the sea The nationality most closely associated with the impressionist movement was ___________. Expressionism in music is largely centered in ___________. What kind of musical style is attributed to Schoenberg and Stravinsky Arnold Schoenberg was the leader of what school? A slow but lyrical requiem by Maurice Ravel. A highly skilled musical performer A commemoration of the musical advocacies of the early 18th century French composer Francois Couperin A virtuoso piano in three movements inspired by a poem that has a demonic and frightening nature. A waltz with a frightening undertone Ravel’s work which reveal his perfect mastery of art instrumentation. Translate the word “moonlight” in French Expressionist music is often based on the psychology of the unconscious (True or False) A ballet commissioned by master choreographer Sergei Diaghilev that contained rhythmic diversity, evocation of nature and choral ensemble
B.
Fill in the blanks 1. ___________________ is an art movement that began in Germany during the 20th century. 2. The twelve-tone scale was established by ___________________. 3. ___________________ is the most popular and influential 20th – century Russian composer, pianist, and conductor. 4. One of the most influential figures in music and founder of musical modernism of the early 20th century is ___________________. 5. ___________________ is a composition of Stravinsky which nearly triggered a riot upon its premier in 1913.
C.
Name the composer of each musical piece by writing CD for Claude Debussy, MR for Maurice Ravel, AS for Arnold Schoenberg, and IS for Igor Stravinsky. ________ 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________ 6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________ 11. ________ 12. ________ 13.
Clair de Lune Pavane for a Dead Princess Erwartung Miroirs Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun Bolero Pétrouchka La Mer Ariettes Oubliées Fantasia Sonatine for Piano Water Fountains The Rite of Spring
________ 14. ________ 15.
Pelléas et Mélisande Les Noces
Prepared by: EDRIAN R DOMINGO Subject Teacher ANSWER KEY PRE ASSESSMENT 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
B A C C B
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
A A B D B
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
D A C C D
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
C D C D C
ACTIVITY 5. Venn Diagram IMPRESSIONISM An art movement that originated in the late 19 th century in Paris as an artistic reaction of the rapidly changing environment This movement was derived from Claude Monet’s painting entitled Impression, Sunrise in 1872. This style, borrowed from painting, tries to capture an immediate impression of a subject with the use of light and color. In music, Impressionism was started by Debussy in reaction to the dramatic emotionalism of romantic music. It abandoned the traditional major and minor harmonies and used new combination of extended chords, wholetone chords, chromaticism, and exotic rhythm and scale. It also characterized by overlapping of different chords, unresolved dissonances, rich orchestral color, and free rhythm. The foremost proponents of impressionistic movement include the French composers Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel who developed a particular style in music. Some of the notable composer in other countries were Ottorino Respighi from Italy, Manuel de Falla and Isaac Albeniz from Spain, and Ralph Vaughan Williams from England.
Both expressionis m and impressionis m are major movements which broke away from the traditional school of art and music.
EXPRESSIONISM A movement that originated in the early 20th century in Germany and Austria as an artistic response to the dehumanizing effects of industrialization The term Expressionism was originally borrowed from painting which intended to express strong emotion such as anxiety, anger, and feeling of isolation.
In music, it is characterized by subjectivity, dissonance, and atonality. It made use of polytonality (simultaneous use of two or more keys), and the twelve-tone scale which was established by
Arnold Schoenberg, the central figure of expressionism and one of the members of the Second Viennese School. Schoenberg’s students Anton Webern and Alban Berg are also known expressionist composers
QUIZ NUMBER 1 (MUSIC) MUSIC OF THE 20TH CENTURY: IMPRESSIONISM AND EXPRESSIONISM
A. Identification 1. Expressionism 2. Scoring 3. Impression, Sunrise 4. Chromatic/ Twelvetone Scale 5. Impressionism 6. Claude Debussy 7. La Mer 8. French
9. Germany 10. Expressionism 11. Second Viennese School 12. Pavane for a Dead Princess 13. Virtuoso 14. Le Tombeau de Couperin 15. Gaspard de la Nuit
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
La Valse Bolero Clair de Lune True Daphnis et Chloe
B. Fill in the Blanks 1. Expressionism 2. Arnold Schoenberg 3. Igor Stravinsky
4. Arnold Schoenberg 5. The Rite of Spring C. Multiple Choice 1. CD 2. MR 3. SA 4. MR 5. CD 6. MR 7. IS 8. CD 9. CD 10. AS 11. MR 12. MR 13. IS 14. CD 15. IS
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