English Noun PDF

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ORIGINAL  PROPER NOUN- The name given to a person, place or an Organization. For e.g. John, Mahendra’s, Lucknow etc.  COMMON NOUN- A common name used for anything is called a common noun. For e.g. books, schools, pens etc.  MATERIAL NOUN- Anything that is used as a raw material for the creation of something is called a material noun. For e.g. gold, wood, Plastic etc.  ABSTRACT NOUN- Such things can only be felt as feelings. For e.g. joy, sorrow, love etc.  COLLECTIVE NOUN-A collection of common nouns is called a collective noun. For e.g. an army of soldiers, a school of fish etc.

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MORE EXAMPLES PROPER Parul Lucknow U.P India Asia

COMMON Man City State Country Continent

MATERIAL Iron Wood Copper Zink Paper

ABSTRACT Honesty Corruption Happiness Death Sadness

COLLECTIVE Crowd Mob Crew Drove Vermin

DERIVED TYPES  COUNTABLE NOUN- We can count such things easily. For e.g. fingers, eyes, doors, windows etc.  UNCOUNTABLE NOUN- We can’t count such things easily. For e.g. stars, hair, air etc.  SINGULAR NOUN- Such things are one in number. For e.g. a person, a student, a teacher etc.  PLURAL NOUN- Such things are more than one in number. For e.g. people, students, teachers.  POSSESIVE NOUN- It is used for showing possession/ownership.

For e.g. John’s pen, Ashutosh’ job, boys’ hostel, children’s school.

MORE EXAMPLES COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE SINGULAR PLURAL

HANDS LEGS NOSE EARS LEGS

WHEAT WATER MONEY TIME AIR

PERSON PARENT ANIMAL HUMAN THING

PEOPLE HANDS DOGS HUMANS THINGS

POSSESSIVE

TIM’S BOOK CHRIS’ BAT MEN’S HAT GIRLS’ CLASS NITIN’S HAT

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RULES OF NOUNS I.

Do not use s/es/ies after proper nouns as they are always singular.

II.

Use apostrophe s i.e. (‘s) after proper nouns to indicate possession and relation with other nouns.

III.

Do not use articles before proper nouns in general conditions.

IV.

Common nouns take a/an/the before them; a/an to show singularity and the to show speciality.

V.

Use apostrophe s (‘s) after common nouns only when we mention humans otherwise use the +of + noun i.e. the leg of the table and not the table’s leg.

VI.

Use singular verbs with abstract. i.e. Honesty is the best policy.

VII.

Collective nouns take singular verbs after them when considered collectively and plural verbs when considered separately. i.e. the jury has given its decision. www.bankersguru.org

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Examples: (I) Mathematics are difficult. (Wrong) Mathematics is difficult. (Correct) (II) Johns idea is worth giving a try. (Wrong) John’s idea is worth giving a try. (Correct) (III) Her mathematics is weak. (Wrong) Her mathematics are weak. (Correct) Note: because her mathematics means her mathematical skills and not the subject. (IV) John is the Einstein of our class. (Wrong) John is the Einstein of our class. (Correct) Note: this sentence is correct because here proper noun is being used as common noun when a comparison is done the can be used before a proper noun. (V) The Jury is divided among themselves. (Wrong) The Jury are divided among themselves. (Correct) (VI) This house is made of bricks and stones. (Wrong) This house is made of brick and stone. (Correct)

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Note: jury/parliament etc take plural verb when there is a conflict. And when bricks and stones are used as material nouns they take singular forms. (VII) Our elders give us many advices. (Wrong) Our elders give us many pieces of advice. (Correct) (VIII) All the furnitures of this room need to bereplaced. (Wrong) All the furniture of this room needs to be replaced. (Correct) (IX) Leo Tolstoy has written many poetries. (Wrong) Leo Tolstoy has written many poems. (Correct) (X) Many machinery have rusted in this factory. (Wrong) Many machines has rusted in this factory. (Correct)

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Q1.My friend has bought all his furnitures by goods train. Q2.Twenty miles are a long distance to travel on foot. Q3. The rich and powerful always dominate the poor in society. Q4. Pakistan’s problems are not as serious as India. Q5. The idea of John’s is totally valid in the present condition of our organization. Q6. She gave me two important informations regarding the case. Q.7. I have many works to do because nobody is here to help me. Q8. A crowd of angry students ordered the closing of the shops. Q9. Her mathematics are very weak and that’s why she must work hard. Note: As here we are talking about her calculation skills and not mathematics as a proper noun. Q10. A group of cattle was seen in the farm.

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Ans 1: furniture should replace furniture. Ans 2: is should replace are here. Ans 3: dominates should replace dominate. Ans 4: India’s should replace India here. Ans 5: John should replace John’s here. Ans 6: information should replace informations here. Ans 7: pieces of work should replace works here. Ans 8: mob should replace crowd here. Ans 9: no error. Note: As here we are talking about her calculation skills and not

mathematics as a proper noun. Ans 10: drove should replace group here.

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 ABATE (verb) :- To Reduce, To lessen Synonyms: - Quell, Recede Antonyms: - Amplify, Enhance Example: - Don’t let social networking abate your chances to crack your exams.

 ABDICATE (verb) :- To leave a position of authority Synonyms: - Abjure, Abnegate Antonyms: - Acquire, Claim Example: - The king abdicated the throne for the prince.

 ABCEDARIAN (adjective/noun):- A beginner Synonyms: - Novice, Apprentice Antonyms: - Virtuoso, Professional Example: - An abecedarian needs to practice really well.

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 ABERRANT (adjective) :- Differing from normal Synonyms: - Atypical, Errant  Antonyms :- Conventional, Usual Example: - He is an aberrant person; Hence, beware of him

 ABJECT (adjective) :- Very bad Synonyms: - Miserable, Wretched Antonyms: - Prosperous, Exalted Example: - He countered abject failures because of his inclination towards the virtual world.

 ABJURE (verb) :- To give up publicly Synonyms: - Relinquish, Disown Antonyms: - Adopt, Usurp Example: - Many authors abjured their awards in protest against rising intolerance.

 BEDLAM (noun) :- A chaotic place Synonyms: - Tumult, Commotion Antonyms: - Peaceful, Serene Example: - The High Court turned into a bedlam the moment he was award the death sentence.

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 BEDRAGGLE (verb):- To make dirty Synonyms: - Pollute, Defile Antonyms: - Sanitise, Disinfect Example: - You will be bedraggled in the rain if you get wet.  BEFUDDLE (verb) :- To confuse someone Synonyms: - Perplex, Baffle Antonyms: - Decode, Clarify Example: - I befuddled them with my reply but I feel guilty for it.

 BEGRUDGE (verb) :- To envy Synonyms: - Hate, Dislike Antonyms: - Respect, Adore Example: - Instead of begrudging others for their success, you should try to succeed yourself.

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