Description
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE GRADE 11 Lesson 2:
Universe and the Solar System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Specific Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to: 1. identify the large scale and small scale properties of the Solar System; 2. discuss the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the solar system; and 3. become familiar with the most recent advancements/information on the solar system
PRE-ASSESSMENT (FACT OR BLUFF) Direction: Identify the given statement as Fact or Bluff.
The Universe as we currently know it comprises all space, time and all matter and energy in it. FACT
PRE-ASSESSMENT (FACT OR BLUFF) Direction: Identify the given statement as Fact or Bluff.
The Universe is at least 4.5 - 4.6 Billion Years Old BLUFF
PRE-ASSESSMENT (FACT OR BLUFF) Direction: Identify the given statement as Fact or Bluff.
The Solar System as part of the Milky Way is located at the outer limb of the galaxy FACT
The Earth, the planet we live on, is part of the Solar System. If we want to know how the Earth formed, we need to understand the origin and evolution of the Solar System.
SOLAR SYSTEM A. Overview • The Solar System is located in the Milky Way galaxy, a huge disc- and spiral-shaped aggregation of about at least 100 billion stars and other bodies. • Its spiral arms rotate around a globular cluster or bulge of many, many stars, at the center of which lies a supermassive blackhole; • This galaxy is about 100 million light years across (1 light year = 9.4607 ×1012 km; The solar system revolves around the galactic center once in about 240 million years; • The Milky Way is part of the so-called Local Group of galaxies, which in turn is part of the Virgo super cluster of galaxies; • Based on the assumption that they are remnants of the materials from which they were formed, radioactive dating of meteorites, suggests that the Earth and solar system are 4.6 billion years old on the assumption that they are remnants of the materials from which they were formed.
SOLAR SYSTEM B. Large Scale Features of the Solar System 1. Much of the mass of the Solar System is concentrated at the center (Sun) while angular momentum is held by the outer planets. 2. Orbits of the planets elliptical and are on the same plane. 3. All planets revolve around the sun. 4. The periods of revolution of the planets increase with increasing distance from the Sun; the innermost planet moves fastest, the outermost, the slowest; 5. All planets are located at regular intervals from the Sun.
SOLAR SYSTEM Why do they spin in roughly the C. Small scale features of the Solar System 6. Most planets rotate pro grade same orientation? 7. Inner terrestrial planets are made of materials
Why are they different?
with high melting points such as silicates, iron , and nickel. They rotate slower, have thin or no atmosphere, higher densities, and lower contents of volatiles - hydrogen, helium, and noble gases. 8.The outer four planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called "gas giants" because of the dominance of gases and their larger size. They rotate faster, have thick atmosphere, lower densities, and fluid interiors rich in hydrogen, helium and ices (water, ammonia, methane).
SUMMARY - WHAT DO THE INNER PLANETS LOOK LIKE? They are all… • rocky and small! • No or few moons • No rings
SUMMARY - THE JOVIAN PLANETS
They are all… • gaseous and BIG! • Rings • Many moons
QUANTITATIVE PLANETARY FACTS
TERRESTRIAL AND JOVIAN PLANETS
Why?
THE KUIPER BELT AND THE OORT CLOUD 1. http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/jewitt/KuiperBelt.htm 2.
http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/jewitt/oort.html NASA Figure
Kuiper Belt A large body of small objects orbiting (the short period comets) the Sun in a radial zone extending outward from the orbit of Neptune (30 AU) to about 50 AU. Pluto maybe the biggest of the Kuiper Belt object. Oort Cloud Long Period Comets (period > 200 years) seems to come mostly from a spherical region at about 50,000 AU from the Sun.
COMMON CHARACTERISTICS AND EXCEPTIONS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
We need to be able to explain all these!
COMMON CHARACTERISTICS AND EXCEPTIONS
The Nebular Theory* of Solar System Formation Interstellar Cloud (Nebula)
*It
is also called the ‘Protoplanet Theory’.
Gravitational Collapse Protosun Heating Fusion
Sun
Leftover Materials
Asteroids
Protoplanetary Disk Condensation (gas to solid) Metal, Rocks
Gases, Ice
Accretion
Nebular Capture
Terrestrial Planets
Jovian Planets
Leftover Materials
Comets
GROUP PERFORMANCE TASK (10MINS.)
A. Present 3 Cosmological Theories and discuss in the class your understanding of just what the universe is and where it came from.(5pts) B. Formulate your own theories on the origin of the universe, solar system and earth.(5pts)
WHAT GENERALIZATION YOU HAVE ON THE RELEVANCE OF THE SUBJECT TO YOUR COURSE AND YOUR LIFE…
SHORT QUIZ (10mins.) 1. List at least 5 theories being discussed (5pts) 2. Differentiate the 3 approaches of understanding the origin of the universe, solar system or earth (15pts)
ENRICHMENT (ASSIGNMENT)
1. Ask the learners to submit a brief report on the following topic/questions. What is the fate of the universe? Will the universe continue to expand or will it eventually contract because of gravity?
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