Description
LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
A PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC LIBRARY FOR THE PROVINCE OF CAVITE:A DIVERSIFIED LEARNING FACILITY IN TRECE MARTIRES CITY
A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Engineering, Computer Studies and Architecture Lyceum of the Philippines University - Cavite
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Bachelor of Science in Architecture
SAMBAT, MARIE JUNETTE M. May 2019
LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
Table of Contents Approval Sheet ..................................................................................................................... i Certificate of Originality ...................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................... iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ v List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... vi List of Appendices.............................................................................................................. vii 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND ............................................................. 9 1.1
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 9
1.2
PROJECT RATIONALE .................................................................................... 12
1.3
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY .................................................................... 14
1.4
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ................................................................... 20
1.5
PROJECT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................ 21
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE AND THE EXPECTED OUTPUT ......................................... 21
1.7
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION ......................................................................... 23
1.8
DEFINITION OF TERMS .................................................................................. 24
1.8.1 1.9 2
3
ACRONYMS ............................................................................................... 25
CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM ............................................................................ 26
RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES .............................................................. 27 2.1
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ........................................................... 27
2.2
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES ................................................................... 29
2.2.1
FOREIGN CASE STUDIES ........................................................................ 29
2.2.2
LOCAL CASE STUDIES ............................................................................ 35
2.2.3
RELATED LITERATURE .......................................................................... 41
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................ 52 3.1
Methodology ........................................................................................................ 52
3.1.1 IDENTIFICATION OF KEY RESOURCE PERSONS AND DATA SOURCES................................................................................................................... 52
LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 3.2
RESEARCH STRATEGY................................................................................... 54
3.2.1
Descriptive Research .................................................................................... 54
3.2.2
Descriptive Sampling ................................................................................... 54
3.2.3
Oral Interviews ............................................................................................. 55
3.3
RESEARCH DESIGN ......................................................................................... 56
3.3.1 3.4
4
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, ANALYSIS, AND TRIANGULATION............. 57
3.4.1
Population and Sampling Procedures ........................................................... 57
3.4.2
Data Gathering ............................................................................................. 61
3.4.3
Parking Requirements .................................................................................. 62
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ........................................................ 63 4.1
STATISTICAL DATA ........................................................................................ 63
4.2
MACRO ANALYSIS .......................................................................................... 70
4.2.1 4.3
MICRO ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 77 SWOT ANALYSIS ...................................................................................... 77
4.3.2
SITE INVENTORY ..................................................................................... 79
PROJECT STUDY .............................................................................................. 81
4.4.1
6
City of Trece’s Profile .................................................................................. 70
4.3.1
4.4
5
DESIGN PARADIGM ................................................................................. 56
FINANCIAL VIABILITY ........................................................................... 81
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN .................................................................................... 87 5.1
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING ............................................................ 87
5.2
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION ............................................. 115
Bibliography.............................................................................................................. 119 6.1
APPENDICES ................................................................................................... 124
LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled A PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC LIBRARY FOR THE PROVINCE OF CAVITE: A DIVERSIFIED LEARNING FACILITY IN TRECE MARTIRES CITY prepared and submitted by MARIE JUNETTE M. SAMBAThas been reviewed and recommended as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture.
AR. LLOYD ALFRED PARAS Research Adviser
Accepted and approved by the panel of examiners following a successful Oral Defense on April, 2019 with a grade of __________.
AR. ____________________ Panelist
AR. _____________________ Panelist
AR. _____________________ Panelist
AR. ALMA J. LIBRANDA Chairperson
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture.
DR. RAMON C. MANIAGO Executive Dean Date: __________
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
I/We hereby declare that the research paper entitled:
A Proposed Hybrid Public Library for the Province of Cavite: A Diversified Learning Facility in Trece Martires City is my/our own work and that, to the best of my/our knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material to which to a substantial extent has been accepted for award of any other degree or diploma of a university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text.
I/We also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my/our work, even though I/we may have received assistance from others on style, presentation and language expression.
Marie Junette M. Sambat Proponent’s Signature
Date of Completion: ___________ (mm/dd/yyyy)
Attested by: Ar. Lloyd Alfred Paras Research Adviser’s Signature
Date of Completion: ___________ (mm/dd/yyyy)
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The completion of this study would not have been possible without the help and support of a number of individual for that reason, the researcher would like to extend her appreciation and gratitude.
The researcher will be forever grateful to Mrs. Concepcion Villanueva and Ms. Jonah Joy Rosarda, librarians of Cavite Provincial Library along with their staffs for allowing her to conduct her research inside the library while giving all the information vital for this study.
To the City Planning and Development Department of both City of TreceMartires and Provincial Capitol of Cavite, the researcher would like to express gratitude for giving her all the data and information needed for her studyand also to Mr. John Juancho for going out of his way just to help.
The researcher would like to express her appreciation to her Design 7 subject adviser Ar. Lloyd Alfred Paras for extending his knowledge and help in every aspect that he can.
Also, to the faculty members of the Department of Architecture that willingly approve consultations and provide answers and comments that are a huge help for this study.
And of course, the researcher owes her deepest gratitude to her family, specially her mother Gina Monton for being supportive in all of her endeavors.
MARIE JUNETTE M. SAMBAT
iii
LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
College of Engineering, Computer Studies and Architecture Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Abstract
A PROPOSED HYBRID PUBLIC LIBRARY FOR THE PROVINCE OF CAVITE: A DIVERSIFIED LEARNING FACILITY IN TRECE MARTIRES CITY Marie Junette M. Sambat1, Ar. Lloyd Alfred Paras2 Proponents 1and Research Adviser2
A Public Library does not only serve as storage of resources but a place to learn. The digital age made it possible to get the resources needed in just a click making all information accessible anywhere, nullifying the main purpose of a library. For that reasonthe public library must adapt and offer a more modern way of producing information and focus more in being a facility that encourages learning rather than being a collection of resources only, the concept of a Hybrid Library. Cavite Provincial Library provides services that are helpful for the people. They have the best programs that are being improved with respect to the rapid growth of technology. However, the library being inside the legislative office and maintaining a small amount of space is a huge constraint for their mission and vision of providing better access of knowledge for the people of Cavite. This research shows that the current facility of Provincial Library of Cavite is not sufficient to properly serve the needs of the surrounding public hence, recommending a new public library that will be a tool to bridge the disparity of the digital knowledge of everyone in the community while serving as a platform for research and study. Incorporating the three key elements of public library design –procession, services & flexible space, A new public library design that engages and responds to the local community and new technology: An environment and people friendly library.
Keywords: Public library, Hybrid Library, Cavite
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
Table 3.1 Latest Cavite Population Statistics from PSA .................................................... 57 Table 3.2 Cities and Municipalities under the Eight Districts of Cavite ............................ 59 Table 3.3 Chosen Cities and Municipalities under the Eight Districts of Cavite ............... 60 Table 3.4 Minimum Required Off-Street (Off-RROW) cum On-Site Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading/Unloading Space Requirements by Allowed Use or Occupancy ......... 62 Table 4.1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to their Age Bracket. ....................................................................................................................... 63 Table 4.2 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to their Regular Visit in a Library depending on Gender. .............................................................. 65 Table 4.3 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to their Awareness of Existing Cavite Provincial Library. ............................................................. 66 Table 4.4 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to their Time they Visit the Cavite Provincial Library. .................................................................. 67 Table 4.5 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to their Occupation.......................................................................................................................... 68 Table 4.6 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Other Facilities in the Library they frequently go. ....................................................................... 69 Table 5.1 Issue Rejoinder Analysis of Cavite Provincial Library ...................................... 93
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
LIST OF FIGURES
Table
Page
Figure 1.1.1 IPO Model ...................................................................................................... 26 Figure 2.1East Street Library Exterior Façade ................................................................... 29 Figure 2.2 K.O. Lee Aberdeen Public LibraryExterior Façade.......................................... 30 Figure 2.3 K.O. Lee Aberdeen Public Library Floorplan .................................................. 31 Figure 2.4 Albion Library Exterior Façade ........................................................................ 32 Figure 2.5 Albion LibraryConceptual Diagram ................................................................. 33 Figure 2.6 Albion Library Interior ..................................................................................... 33 Figure 2.7 Albion Library Site & Floorplan....................................................................... 34 Figure 2.8 Quezon City Public Library Main..................................................................... 35 Figure 2.9 Quezon City Public Library Main Interior........................................................ 36 Figure 2.10 Quezon City Public Library Main Additional Interior ................................... 37 Figure 2.11 Quezon City Public Library Main Interior (Children’s Area) ........................ 38 Figure 2.12 Quezon City Public Library Main Interior (Stair) .......................................... 39 Figure 3.1 City Librarian With the Researcher .................................................................. 55 Figure 3.2 Library Aides and Librarian with the Researcher ............................................. 55 Figure 3.3 Design Paradigm Diagram ................................................................................ 56 Figure 4.1 Trece Martires City Strategic Location............................................................. 71 Figure 4.2 Table of Slope, Area, Percentage and Description of Trece ............................. 72 Figure 4.3 Soil Characteristics and Composition ............................................................... 74 Figure 4.4 Existing Land Use Category in 2010 ................................................................ 75 Figure 4.5 Water Sources in Trece ..................................................................................... 76 Figure 4.6 Site Analysis ..................................................................................................... 79 Figure 4.10 Proposed Major Programs and Projects of Trece ........................................... 81 Figure 5.1 Time Savers Formulas for Library Size ............................................................ 87 Figure 5.2 Cavite Provincial Library Current Organizational Chart .................................. 88 vi
LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Figure 5.3 Library Organizational Chart According to University of Hawaii ................... 89 Figure 5.4 City Librarian Behavioral Pattern ..................................................................... 90 Figure 5.5 Administrative Aide Behavioral Pattern ........................................................... 90 Figure 5.6 Administrative Assistant Behavioral Pattern .................................................... 90 Figure 5.7 Utility Personnel Behavioral Pattern ............................................................... 91 Figure 5.8 Guest User Behavioral Pattern .......................................................................... 91 Figure 5.9 Security Personnel Behavioral Pattern.............................................................. 92 Figure 5.10 Bubble Diagram of Major Spaces ................................................................. 101 Figure 5.11 Bubble Diagram of Administration Office ................................................... 102 Figure 5.12 Bubble Diagram of Learning Spaces ............................................................ 102 Figure 5.13 Matrix Diagram of Major Spaces ................................................................. 103 Figure 5.14 Matrix Diagram of Functional Areas ............................................................ 104 Figure 5.15 Space Computation of Administrative Office............................................... 105 Figure 5.16 Space Computation of Library Space ........................................................... 106 Figure 5.17 Space Computation of Utility Spaces ........................................................... 107 Figure 5.18 Transformation Diagram ............................................................................... 110 Figure 45 Architectural Plans ........................................................................................... 115 Figure 46 Architectural Interiors ...................................................................................... 116 Figure 47 Site Development Plan ..................................................................................... 117 Figure 48 Concept Board ................................................................................................. 118
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
Page
Appendix 1 Land Title First Page .................................................................................... 124 Appendix 2 Land Title Second Page ................................................................................ 125 Appendix 3 Librarian Interview and Data Gathering Letter ............................................ 126 Appendix 4 Letter for Site ................................................................................................ 127 Appendix 5 City Engineering Office Certification .......................................................... 128 Appendix 6 City Planning Certification ........................................................................... 129 Appendix 7 Interview Questions for Library Personnels ................................................. 132 Appendix 8 Survey Questionnaire ................................................................................... 133
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
1.1 INTRODUCTION Public libraries were a collection of materials, a shelter for books, and a place to study. However, in today’s technology, people have the easiest access in information. Almost everything can be searched through internet and although not all available information in the web is reliable, people have been relying to the internet for the information they need. According to “The Digital Future Report,” from the USC Annenberg School Centre for the Digital Future September 2004 study, only 12 % of established media, 17% of government sites and 1% of site posts are accurate. Thorough research and study will be hard to obtain with this unorganized and unreliable information. It is inevitable to compare the library and the internet seeing that the two is both a medium for data collection. But as what Joyce B. Radcliff (Serials Librarian) Library VS Internet, of Tennessee State University said: “The Internet is not a substitute for the library, but a search tool to be used in addition to traditional sources in the library.”
The library plays a very important role in promoting the progress of knowledge. There are many people who love reading. But they can’t afford to buy books because the prices of
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE books are very high. So when one becomes a member of a library, he can borrow valuable books.
A member can borrow two books at a time and he can keep it with him for two weeks. Libraries are particularly useful for poor children. Even those who are better off can’t afford to buy all the books they require for their studies. For instance, invaluable books like Encyclopedias and large dictionaries cannot be purchased.(Jayanath, 2008)
As gateways to knowledge and culture, libraries play a fundamental role in society. The resources and services they offer create opportunities for learning, support literacy and education, and help shape the new ideas and perspectives that are central to a creative and innovative society. They also help ensure an authentic record of knowledge created and accumulated by past generations. In a world without libraries, it would be difficult to advance research and human knowledge or preserve the world’s cumulative knowledge and heritage for future generations.(Ben, 2012)
The emergence of the digital culture may have been seen as a challenge to the existence of traditional libraries and in response to the technological innovations and digitization of resources, the traditional forms of library systems have changed. Shifting the focus of public library design from storing & protecting valuable paper back (hard copies) resources to the experience of an active public space of learning, engaging and reading. The concept of hybrid library, a fusion of virtual and haptic dimensions of space and
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE services, has offered one possible strategy for survival and further development of library as a societal institution.
Libraries are combining the access and trust characteristics of a third place with a hub role in the community – using partnerships with other institutions to connect people with services and help. There are plenty of challenges with this role. Community needs and the requests of visitors are increasingly straining or overwhelming library funds; and although many libraries are retraining staff, achieving the appropriate mix of skills is difficult. But as the University of Pennsylvania study found, “public libraries are dynamic, socially responsive institutions, a nexus of diversity, and a lifeline for the most vulnerable among us.” More policymakers and government officials need to recognize this, and incorporate libraries into budgets and plans to build an accessible-for-all library.(Cabello & Butler, 2017)
The local government of Cavite has been formulating programs that will help each person in the community to bridge the growing gap of virtual and traditional learning system. Although Cavite has its own provincial library, the establishment is not enough to suffice the needs of the users and perform the programs efficiently. For this reason, a smarter, more secured and modern facility for Caviteño researchers must be provided, a proposed library that can accommodate all types of users-- a study hub for researchers, a stepping stone for the less fortunate--- A library with social integrity.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
1.2 PROJECT RATIONALE Recently, in Cebu City, one student suggested to open their public library for 24/7. In which, the LGU obliged. The city mayor, Mayor Osmena, saw merit in the suggestion and opened the library in March this year, furnishing it with, aside from air-conditioning, good lighting, closed-circuit television cameras and free Wi-Fi. The Rizal Public Library made history as the first-ever 24/7 library in the country. It is open to all, with students given priority. The library has proven to be a success, providing students a safe and conducive place to study or read for pleasure after school hours. The facility’s free resources, including WiFi, books and periodicals, have become great equalizers, giving people the same opportunities and access to learning no matter their economic bracket. Surrounded by periodicals and books, visitors are encouraged as well to go beyond social media for their source of facts and information, a crucial alternative in the age of falsehoods and fake news. The number of user that who used the library increased by 296% in a span of a year, which proves that an efficient, secured and modern library is a vital part of a healthy and smart community.(Inquirer Editorial, 2018) As of April 2017, Cavite province’s population is at 4.2 million with 96.52% literacy rate. The said province has 482 private schools and 333 public schools, 815 schools in total. These students alongside the people of Cavite will be distributed to 12 public libraries that are affiliated by the NLP (National Library of the Philippines).
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE With majority of them being inside the Municipality and the Provincial library itself being inside the Legislative Building, the people of Cavite only has a little and almost no access to the facilities.
Striving to give a better education for Caviteños has been a huge campaign of the workers of the Cavite Provincial Library. For their programs to be executed precisely, an adequate spacefor facilities must be provided. However, observing that the current space given to the library is only a small portion of the Legislative Building is disheartening. Left in this condition, the library workers still thrives to provide the best service they can. They believe that efficiency of a library is not determined by the space they occupy but by the services they provide—a principle of a true public servant. Due to this reason, this proposal aims to claim that this people’s vision for the future of Caviteños deserve to have a building suitable to the needs of their programs.
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1.3 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Library is the store-house of knowledge. Way back history, documents were written and printed in paper to preserve and record data but because of the development of science and technology, electronic media has been taking over the traditional way of storing data. Libraries are dynamic and flexible, it grows along with the human civilization. Human needs are improving drastically that urges the development of different kinds of libraries resulting into four different types.
1. Academic Library This is a type of library attached to academic institutions like schools, colleges and university. This type of library serves students, research scholars, teachers and other personnel inside the academic institution. Academic library is classified into three which are the school libraries, college libraries and university libraries. 2. Special Library This type of library serves a particular group of people such as employees of a firm of government department or staffs and members of a professional or research organization. 3. Public Library Also called as circulating library, this type of library is for public use that is funded by public sources which may be from local to national central government level and may be operated by civil servants.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
4. National Library This type of library is established by the government of the country to serve as preeminent repository of information for that country. The difference of a National Library to a Public Library is that they rarely allow citizens to borrow books as they have numerous rare, valuable and significant works. A National Library is that library which has the duty of collecting and preserving the literature of the nation within and outside the country, Thus, National Library are those libraries whose community is the nation at large.(Ashikuzzaman, 2016) a. Historical Background of the Public Library in the Philippines Public libraries play a major role in a society. All services they provide create opportunities in learning, supporting and providing education. It is a place of knowledge a storage of authentic records, researches and past studies that sharpens thinking and develops new ideas that are vital for an innovative, creative and smart community. The country’s first public library was the American Circulating Library (ACL) established in Manila on March 9, 1900. On March 5, 1901, the American Military Governor in the Philippines, through Public Act No. 96, accepted the ACL as a donation of ACL Association to the American Insular Government. Public Law Act No. 1935 consolidated all libraries and created the Philippine Library. In 1916, the
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Philippine Library, Division of Archives, Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks of Executive Bureau, and the Law Library of the Philippine Assembly were merged and called Philippine Library and Museum (PLM). Twelve years later, the Philippine Legislature separated the museum from the library; Public Law No. 3477 in 1928 changed the name from PLM to National Library. (Manila Bulletin, 2017)
NLP, the premier public library and repository of Philippine history and culture, is the keeper of printed and recorded cultural, intellectual, and literary materials. Its wide Filipiniana collection, books, bibliographic services, journals, databases, maps, stamps, drawings, and manuscripts are rich sources of information and knowledge for Filipino students and researchers.(Manila Bulletin, 2017)
There are 1,238 public libraries affiliated with NLP, consisting of one regional public library, four congressional district, 49 provincial, 101 city, 577 municipal, and 506 barangay or comamunity libraries. Sharing of information and materials between NLP and public libraries is through computer link-up eLib. NLP provides public libraries with book allocations.More public libraries were built with the enactment of Republic Act 7743 on June 17, 1994, mandating the establishment of congressional, city, and municipal libraries and barangay reading centers nationwide. Public libraries bring NLP services in the regions; bookmobiles or mini-libraries make available books, magazines, and reading matters to barriofolk and rural pupils in remote communities. Books on wheels, forming an integral part of the library system, serves as vital link between local governments and community members, provides access to
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE underprivileged segment of population, facilities various government programs, and stimulates reading habits in rural areas where there are no libraries or reading centers. (Manila Bulletin, 2017)
b. Cavite Provincial Library In order to catch up with the information age the Local Government of Cavite has gone E-Lib and installed computer on the ground floor of the Legislative Building just across the room where the provincial library is situated. This change has been implemented
by
Vice-Governor
Dencito
“Osboy”
supported
by
Governor
AyongMaliksi that aims to transform the present library into a world-class store-house of knowledge and information available and accessible to the Cavitenos, especially students, teachers, researchers, and other clients who could avail of the services via the use of computers.
Campana also said that there is a grand plan in the future to have a separate library, museum and archives building , not just a space in the Legislative Building. "We as Cavitenos have our distinct history, culture and the arts to preserve to present them as a showcase to our future generations . We can only do this if we can build, maintain and operate a single edifice housing all of these. This will contain all our historical artifacts, documents, writings, and books.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE This will be our gift and legacy to generations of Cavitenos ahead of us", said Campana. This latest development in the provincial library is also in accord with the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)/UNESCO Internet Manifesto Guidelines , an offshoot of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations which the Philippines is signatory. It aims to provide and guarantee freedom of access to information and freedom of expression among individuals, known as IFLA/FAIFE in international parlance. (Rio, 2009)
c. Hybrid Library The hybrid library is a term that has entered the parlance of the library and information profession in the past three years. It is viewed as a halfway step towards the fully digital library. It isa means of integrating the traditional library with thedigital library. The contemporary information user now has to operate in a hybrid environment whereelectronic and paper-based sources are used alongsideeach other.It is possible to view the hybrid library as anattempt to reaffirm the library’s traditional roles in an electronic environment.The sense that the hybrid library has its roots in the desire for more than just seamless access to traditional and electronic information, with the aim of providing a richer information environment for users, is inescapable. The term ‘hybrid’ is often used in descriptions of activities or services that combine two established features. The earliest use of the term ‘hybrid library’ is by Sutton. In his consideration of service models, he identified four types of libraries on a
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE continuum running from the traditional to the digital: traditional, automated, hybrid and digital. He said there has been or will be ‘an inevitable shift along the continuum from library as place to library as logical entity’. The traditional library is defined as a specific place with a finite collection of tangible information and it is geographically constrained. Computerisation of serials control, circulation and cataloguing contribute to the automated library and the online public access catalogue (OPAC) is its principal feature. In the automated library, the tools point to non-digital media and the focus remains on the local collection. In the digital library, the notion of place will be left behind. In Sutton’s hybrid library,‘the balance of print and digital meta-information leans increasingly toward the digital’. There is coexistence of traditional and digital collections and the possibility for totally unconstrained geographic access to digital resources located elsewhere to which the library provides a network gateway. Sutton suggested staff assist in the cost-effectiveness of his hybrid library by mediating between the users and, primarily, the digital tools.
The hybrid library is a useful term, but it is possible to query why the term is required when the term ‘library’ might suffice. Most libraries are hybrid. Most libraries deal with a variety of media and use common cataloguing and classification rules. It is just a way of highlighting a particular aspect of a library.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
1.4 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Methods of learning have been growing rapidly along with the digital age and the libraries around the world have been enhancing their facilities due to the reason that the current situation of the traditional libraries cannot meet the present needs of the users. This study aims to establish a New Cavite Hybrid Public Library that provides diversified learning facility and sought to answer the following in order to develop an effective design: 1. What makes a library an effective learning ground? 2. What is the most suitable location and size of a provincial library? 3. How can a hybrid library bring out a sense of public-ness? 4. What architectural form can cater a hybrid library? 5. How can architecture help the image and definition of a library? 6. How can the proposal be considered as a benchmark for public library in the Philippines?
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
1.5 PROJECT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES The proposal entitled: “A Proposed Hybrid Public Library for the Province of Cavite:A Diversified Learning Facility in TreceMartires City” envisioned to design an architectural piece that answers the needs adequate to the things that the current Provincial Library lacks. In order to achieve this goal, this study aims to satisfy the following objectives: 1. Provide an effective location and adequate space for the new provincial public library of Cavite. 2. Design a learning space with a sense of public-ness through the sense of interaction. 3. Re-imagine the purpose and function of a library and conceptualize an architectural form from it.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE AND THE EXPECTED OUTPUT This study may provide solution to certain practical problem that existing libraries in the Philippines has been experiencing. This is a systematic research effort that can be related to other studies in which it may serve as a reference. This could provide additional knowledge that responds to the needs and problems that the current libraries have been facing. The findings of this research will benefit the following:
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE A. The Personnel This study will help and provide comfort for thepersonnel inside the library as their needs were taken into consideration.
B. The Students By creating a student centred space through this proposal, students of Cavite with different practice in learning can be connected and influence one another.
C. The Educators This study will help the educators in providing a better place and methods with respect to an individual manner of studying and learning.
D. The Community Through this proposal the outdated facilities of existing libraries can be addressed and improved incorporating the concept of a hybrid library. This proposal can draw participation from the LGU that may be the start of a new leap in public library facilities. \
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1.7 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION This thesis is a study of the proposed New Cavite Provincial Library, a facility designed to meet the standards of a contemporary Hybrid Library that can cater the existing and future programs of the Local Government Unit for the current library. The aspects worked into were: 1. The competence of existing facilities in Cavite Provincial Library through descriptive method. 2. The search for a suitable site along the province of Cavite that is under the authority of the provincial government. 3. The awareness of people in community regarding the existence and workability of the current Cavite Provincial Library. Additional studies including solar panel, rain water harvesting system, structural data, detailed specification and statistical data from statistician will be limited to its concept and major principles only due to the limited span of time.
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1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Contemporary- marked by characteristics of the present period: MODERN\
Digital Divide- the gulf between those who have ready access to computers and the Internet, and those who do not.
Digital Library- A digital library, digital repository, or digital collection, is an online database of digital objects that can include text, still images, audio, video, or other digital media formats.
Diversified- make or become more diverse or varied.
Egalitarian- relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
Hybrid- a thing made by combining two different elements; a mixture.
Information Age- The ongoing digital shift from the industrial onset.
Internet- a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.
Makerspace- a place in which people with shared interests, especially in computing or technology, can gather to work on projects while sharing ideas, equipment, and knowledge.
Parallel- In math, parallel means two lines that never intersect––think of an equal sign. Figuratively, parallel means similar, or happening at the same time. A story might describe the parallel lives of three close friends.
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Parallelism- the state of being parallel or of corresponding in some way.
Perception- the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses.
Receptor- an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve.
Sensory Perception- performing neurophysiological processing of the stimuli in their environment.
Stimulus- a thing that rouses activity or energy in someone or something; a spur or incentive.
1.8.1
ACRONYMS
CLAI- Cavite Librarians Association, Inc.
CPL- Cavite Provincial Library
IFLA- International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions
LDIP- Local Development Investment Programming
LGU- Local Government Unit
NBCP- National Building Code of the Philippines
NLP- National Library of the Philippines
PLAI- Philippine Librarians Association, Inc.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
1.9 CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM Below is an IPO model that indicates the approach in system analysis of the project proposal New Cavite Provincial Library.
PROCESS •Related Literature and Projects •Trece Martires City Profile •Cavite Provincial Library Data •Architectural Principles of Design
INPUT
•Interpretation of Data through graphs and tables. •City Librarian Interview •Photo Documentations •Site ocular visitation •Collaboration of related projects to determine common needs. •Input rejoinder analysis.
•Architectural Programming •Site Selection Criteria •Acitivy Analysis •Design Translation
OUTPUT
Figure 1.1.1 IPO Model
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2 RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 2.1 REVIEW OF REL 2.2 ATED LITERATURE A. National Building Code of the Philippines (P.D 1096) This is an act that contains rules, the maximum and minimum requirements, standards and other information needed in proper designing and planning. This is use to ensure public safety by ensuring right materials for specific structure, fireresistive requirements along with the standards of fire protection. Failure to comply to the standards of National Building Code of the Philippines will lead to the cancellation of the project. B. Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 (R.A 9514) It is the policy of the State to ensure public safety, promote economic development through the prevention and suppression of all kinds, of destructive fires, and promote the professionalization of the fire service as a profession. Towards this end, the State shall enforce all laws, rules and regulations to ensure adherence to standard fire prevention and safety measures, and promote accountability in the fire protection and prevention service. (Sec.1, Rule I, IRR of R.A. 9514)
C. IRR of B.P. 344 National Council on Disability Affairs This is an act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring certain building institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices. The purpose f this law, through its implementing rules and regulations, is to provide the minimum requirements and standards to make
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE buildings, facilities, and utilities for public use accessible to disabled persons (Sec. 1, Rule I, IRR of B.P. 344) D. Time Savers Standards For Building Types A comprehensive reference to all building types that has important design criteria and standards needed to prepare preliminary designs, execute programming requirements, and analyze the functions and uses of a building. E. IRR of Republic Act No. 7743 Philippine Library Law An act providing for the establishment of congressional, city and municipal libraries and barangay reading centers throughout the Philippines, appropriating the necessary funds therefore and for other purposes. It’s scope includes laws and standards regarding the establishments of library, library staffs, roles and responsibilities of the National Library, Local Government Unit, DILG and Philippine Information Agency (PIA) as well as the friends of the library and the Inter-Agency Committee.(Chan Robles Virtual Law Library, 1994) F. IFLA Public Library Service Guidelines The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) is the leading international body representing the interests of library and information services and their users. It is the global voice of the library and information profession. It seeks to represent librarianship in matters of international interest, to promote the continuing education of library personnel and to develop, maintain and promote guidelines for library services. (IFLA, 2019)
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2.3 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES 2.3.1
FOREIGN CASE STUDIES
1. East Street Library
Figure 2.1East Street Library Exterior Façade
This 2018, architects of We Made That delivered an extension to the East Street Library. This project is included in ‘catalyst project’ of the Mayor of London. The extension has a bright red wrinkled anodized façade that stands out in contrast to the surrounding that suggests the new function contained within and the willingness by the local to reinvigorate community spaces through interventions. This space contains a space for communication where people can conduct meetings.
The proportions and footprint of the new extension at the rear of the library create a distinct form change in comparison to the existing building. Simple moves on the inside.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE A characterful and distinctive contribution to the neighbourhood on the outside. (East Street Library, 2018) 2. The K.O. Lee Aberdeen Public Library
Figure 2.2 K.O. Lee Aberdeen Public LibraryExterior Façade
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE This library is a replacement to the old public library of Aberdeen. This project aims to develop a new ‘living room’ of the community. As stated by the description provided by the architect on an article in archdaily “The result is a state-of-the-art building that can both inspire and serve the needs of the community. This library was not designed to be a bin for dusty books and card files; it was designed to be a center of creativity, research and collaboration...and to be free to the public.”
Figure 2.3 K.O. Lee Aberdeen Public Library Floorplan
The library with its linear configuration is located near the heart of where the railroads first converged more than a century ago. This resembles a link of past and future and
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE designed to connect and enrich residents for many generations. (K.O. Lee Aberdeen Public Library, 2018)
3. Albion Library by Perkins+Will Canada
Figure 2.4 Albion Library Exterior Façade
“A library that features a theatre for community empowerment inside and out.”
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Figure 2.5 Albion LibraryConceptual Diagram
This library is made on a parking lot with a pure square plan but what makes it different is its screen of polychrome terracotta tiles in bright, unexpected colours, contrasting the monotone asphalt that surrounds the site. The building is almost glass which suggests transparency that fosters the community. Every space is visible and connected to the circulation hub. It has a huge urban living room that provides space for cultural events, concerts and readings, from spoken word to hip-hop battles.
Figure 2.6 Albion Library Interior
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Waving nature and natural light deep into the library’s interiors, the courtyards also provide secure zones for exterior programming. Bright colours and geometric shapes create a sense of informality and playfulness in the curated greenspace for a multigenerational audience. (Albion Library, 2017)
Figure 2.7 Albion Library Site & Floorplan
In conclusion, the libraries that were studied all have one thing in common. Their designs were customize to serve their respective community. Furthermore, these libraries are bringing out a new sense and a new meaning for a public library. Gone are the days that the library only serves as a place for research and the days when the only method of learning is reading. These days the true essence and function of a library is to provide the community a space for learning in every possible method.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 2.3.2
LOCAL CASE STUDIES A. Quezon City Public Library
Figure 2.8 Quezon City Public Library Main
The 2018 Outstanding Public Library of 2018 with Special Programs & Outreach Services on “Malasakit” to the Different Sectors in the Community. That award is given during the occasion and program: “Ang Kulturang May Mala-sakit, Sa SilidAklatan ay Makakamit”
This public library is the perfect depiction of a modern library. There are some reviews left on some page that the library is noisier than the traditional one. Some people liked
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE it, some didn’t. This library is a breath of fresh air with its mixture of tropical and monumental architecture.
Most public libraries, especially in the Philippines, don't always have the best book collections, or functional computers...or even tables and chairs. But one city library stands out from the rest— the Quezon City Public Library. (Cruz, 2017)
Figure 2.9 Quezon City Public Library Main Interior
The library inaugurated on February 6 its new two-storey building that features a fully automated system, from the Online Public Access Catalogue to an e-book facility. It can now serve up to 1,000 clients a day from its original capacity of 500. The first floor of the
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Quezon City Public Library houses the reference section, periodicals, Filipiniana, and children's corner.
The second floor is allotted for law research, function halls, and multimedia services. It also has its own café where you can eat and drink while reading your favorite book, and a charging station so you don't have to worry about your laptop running out of battery while working on your thesis. (Cruz, 2017)
Figure 2.10 Quezon City Public Library Main Additional Interior
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Aside from the over 15,000 books in the main collection, the library offers computers for public use as well. The library also houses a cafe, a children's corner and puppeteer's room, and a function room. The first floor of the library has the reference section, periodicals, Filipiniana section, and local history and archives on offer. The second floor contains law research, technical services, extension library services, district libraries and inventory and multi-media extension. (Tantiangco, 2017)
This project will be impossible without the help and vision of the head of the Local Government Unit at Quezon, Mayor Herbert Bautista stating that the internet might be the best way to gather information but still, the reliable source inside the library is unbeatable, along with the principle of the City Librarian Emelita Villanueva saying that the expansion of the library is in pursuit of providing quality educational materials to poor Quezon City students.
Figure 2.11 Quezon City Public Library Main Interior (Children’s Area)
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Figure 2.12 Quezon City Public Library Main Interior (Stair)
This public library is the best possible local project to depict the target outcome of this research. It gives out a sense of public-ness by opening its door to the disadvantaged. Especially the street children who want to learn, those kids are more than welcome to use the facility. It has several programs that helps in providing better way of gaining knowledge and encouraging the people to learn more not only by reading but also by immersing themselves.
(All images are from JephanBotor)
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Economic Valuation of QCPL
A huge part of the city budget were used for the improvement of Quezon City Public Library, and in order to provide consistent service they are now offering, a sustained funding must be attained. In a study titled: An Economic Valuation of the Quezon City Public Library – Main: A Mixed Methods Approach on a Total Economic Value Framework, a research was made to determine the possible way to attain sufficient fund to run the library.
This study employed both a Contingent Valuation Method and a Market Analogy Method as economic valuation tools in determining Non-Use Value and Use Value, respectively, of the Quezon City Public Library – Main Branch.
Contingent Valuation Method, measuring the Non-Use Value for Non-Users of the library, involves the creation of hypothetical scenarios and asking respondents to state their a) willingness to pay (WTP) for a good or service as to be able to access it, and b) willingness to accept (WTA) compensation in exchange of not being able to access a good or service anymore, both payable through public taxation. (Reyes & Dorado, 2018)
Data revealed that, in general, Quezon City Residents are appreciative of the public library and are more than willing to support it with the patrons Willing to Pay and Willing to Accept at least a tenfold of the baseline value. (Reyes & Dorado, 2018)
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Market Analogy Method, measuring the Use Value of the Library Users, involves determining the private market value of the public goods being provided by the library. A primary value was determined thru the combination of the total average value per user of the library as an information source, as an eGovernment service provider, and as a Computer and Internet Service provider. An added value of was determined for QCPL as a Place --- for meetings, group works, and self-study among others. Results imply that for every $1.00 invested in the library approximately $1.04 is returned to the users in goods and services. (Reyes & Dorado, 2018)
2.3.3
RELATED LITERATURE
A. LIBRARY PUBLIC-NESS: Bridging the Digital Divide This research mainly studied the relationship of digital and physical information platforms and how to bridge the digital divide through incorporating ease of access to digital and shared functions for the people in the city of Syracuse. This research aimed to understand contemporary architectural conditions of a public library spaces in the digital based knowledge economy. The study includes several interviews from experts giving their opinions regarding on the real function of a library. According to Syracuse Onandaga Public Library: Downtown Branch Librarians; “A library should serve as portal to resources, a collection of spaces that supply people based on their needs, a nonjudgemental space for people to explore their interests and a destination for people to visit for public access to information.”(Dou, 2015)
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE While according to a graduate student and a professor “A public library is no longer a repository of books, it is a place to share information. Knowledge of the past is going through Digital Presevation. Knowledge is constantly being created due to general knowledge transfer. Relevant and timely information is the key. We should reinvision how we market ourselves by adding tools. Instead of a place to absorb or find knowledge it should be a place of creation which puts knowledge in practice.” “A public library is a platform for economic development. It provides tools for development to create an employable community. It is adaptable to community wants and needs. Bad Libraries Builds Collections. Good Libraries Build Services. Great Libraries Build Communities. Making connections in community and outside. Not just accessing outside information but also from each other. COMMUNITY RESOURCE FROM EACH OTHER point to people in the direction to find information COMMUNITY PROFILE community member or business, club or group can be catalogued and held in a library. COMMUNITY SHELF reflect the community in what it creates HUMAN LIBRARY check out a person to talk to for their expertise and interest in showing a skill.”
Using the information gathered from the experts, the researcher designed a library that answers to the needs and wants of the people of Syracuse.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE B. REIMAGING PUBLIC LIBRARY AS PUBLIC SPACE This thesis reimagines a public library branch in East Baltimore City by evaluating the architecture of public library examples of the past and of today. By understanding the user experience of the three key elements of public library design – procession, services & flexible space - a new public library design that engages and responds to the local community can be proposed by shifting the public library’s focus from storing and protecting valuable resources to the experience of an active public space of learning, engaging and reading.
According to the book Reimaging Public Library as Public Space the Contemporary Trends of Public Libraries are as follows:
The future architecture of the library that successfully reflects the evolving taste, goals and information behaviors of their local community has spaces that can be easily reconfigured to serve a variety of uses. Future connectivity and technologies are allowing library spaces to be wireless and less bound by traditional organizations such as book shelves. Contemporary public libraries are embracing new trends in technology and community building in an effort to provide relevant, useful and flexible spaces in which local populations can congregate and interact.
1. User Centered Instead of filling shelves with materials with what “librarians feels should read or use, but those materials which most users do read or use.” The marketability of
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE public libraries is founded on the civic services that the institution provides for its patrons.
2. Immigrant Population & Public Libraries The communities that public libraries were providing services for were multicultural and required different types and formats of information services.
3. Young People & Public Libraries Libraries would be informal schools for citizenship and formal places of learning and discovery for children. Parent of children find libraries important part of their children’s lives as the Pew Research Institute’s studies show that three in five parents with minor age children take them to their local libraries.
4. Technology Access The greatest impact of technology diffusion in libraries today is the aggressive shift of printed material to digital content. As one of the few places that the mediums of information from emerging technology and traditional information methods can be used for discovery, public libraries strive to accommodate the book and the byte or as Marilyn Gell Mason, director of Cleveland Public Library, would describe “the ying and yang of knowing.”
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 5. The Library & the Internet The ongoing digital shift from the industrial onset during the early 1800s is called the Information Age. Libraries have begun to use the Internet to extend their services to their users outside of the library building. A 1996 survey discovered that 62% of public libraries have their own homepages that patrons can frequent. This allows the user community to be connected with the services of the library. Managing the content found online maybe controversial, but public libraries as civic spaces proves necessary.
6. Technology Support Public libraries strive to discover balance of support for traditional materials and new technologies. Information technology that has been gaining speed since the 1960’s. New technologies assist in advertising and fulfilling services for their communities such as English as Second Language Programs. Commission on Libraries and Information Sciences prepared a proposal in 1973 that described the overarching role of the computer in the development of library services. The proposal stated that “the computer would become ultimately central” and that “rapid and inexpensive telecommunications among libraries could turn out to be the greatest boon ever to the national distribution of knowledge for education and progress.” (Lee, 2016)
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE The library of the future can remain both a portal and a destination for information seekers, whether they access the information via a handheld computing device or the front door of their local library. Web 2.0 technology has enabled librarians to offer new services such as virtual references, personalized OPAC interfaces or downloadable material that users can use whenever they have Wi-Fi access. By becoming a part of the community network, public libraries will expand their user relationship while growing interests in library use.
7.
The Public Library and Librarians
Earlier public libraries relied heavily on the roles of librarians as collectors and organizers, today the complexity of the public libraries’ material and system demand librarians to adjust their role in an age of Information. Without reimagining and embracing the changing role of librarians in the age of Google search, the profession could face the process of “disintermediation” or the elimination of the medium between the information and user. The changing role of the librarian will be a focal point in retaining value for public libraries as they strive to expand their roles as partners in learning and in community development.
8. Spaces Designed for Discovery Contemporary public libraries do not have to rely on “library faith” and traditional materials to become a valuable institution with the rise of connectivity today.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Allowing users to create and participate in information discovery will draw new users to the public libraries.
9. Collaborative Spaces As a civic space, the public library invites all to participate in the pursuit of individual and community knowledge. R. David Lankes, a professor at Syracuse University’s School of Information Studies, emphasizes most important or accessible collaborators in public library participation – the library user and the librarian. This relationship will propel the adoption of library services, hone the services and shape physical and digital library spaces. The use of public libraries inspires a new type of collaboration amongst patrons of the library: content creation.
10. Public Space Location selection of public libraries remained important to the library usage. Including public libraries as the civic center improves foot traffic and public awareness of the library building and is the main determinant for site selection. Though there is a growing factor of access of the automobile as library designs are including parking and traffic accessibility.
11. Flexible Spaces To bridge the gap, the library temporarily filled the space with beanbag chairs and studied what the space would become. Students were drawn to the space and COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COMPUTER STUDIES AND ARCHITECTURE 47
LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE started to discover their own configurations by moving around the chairs and bringing their own furniture and accessories. Today the flexible space offers moveable whiteboards, special areas for media production and gaming and a 14seat presentation space with a SMART board. William M. Brown describes future physical library spaces: “A future-proof library design strives to create spaces that are lovable, responsive, energy productive, and resource effective…and perpetually significant. Future-proof libraries thrive on change.” The public library has reinvented the idea of flexibility that would give library spaces the “ability to rearrange contents of the library and to shift functions from one space to another to keep up with the collection and user growth.”
C. Learning Styles This refers to the psychology of learning and one of the most known theory of this area is the one made by David Kolb. He believed that our individual learning styles emerge due to our genetics, life experiences, and the demands of our current environment. In addition to describing four different learning styles, Kolb also developed a theory of experiential learning and a learning style inventory. (Cherry, 2019) According to Kolb’s theory learning is viewed as a four-stage cycle. First, immediate and concrete experiences serve as a basis for observation. Next, the individual reflects on these observations and begins to build a general theory of what this information
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE might mean. In the next step, the learner forms abstract concepts and generalizations based on their hypothesis. Finally, the learner tests the implications of these concepts in new situations. After this step, the process once again cycles back to the first stage of the experiential process. (Cherry, 2019)
In this theory, there are four types of learner that was observed. The first one is the Converger. People with this learning style have dominant abilities in the areas of Abstract Conceptualization and Active Experimentation. They are highly skilled in the practical application of ideas. They tend to do best in situations where there is a single best solution or answer to a problem.
The second is the Diverger. Divergers dominant abilities lie in the areas of Concrete Experience and Reflective Observation, essentially the opposite strengths of the Converger. People with this learning style are good at seeing the "big picture" and organizing smaller bits of information into a meaningful whole. Divergers tend to be emotional and creative and enjoy brainstorming to come up with new ideas. Artists, musicians, counselors, and people with a strong interest in the fine arts, humanities, and liberal arts tend to have this learning style.
The third is the Assimilator. Assimilators are skilled in the areas of Abstract Conceptualization and Reflective Observation. Understanding and creating theoretical models is one of their greatest strengths. They tend to be more interested in abstract ideas than in people, but they are not greatly concerned with the practical applications
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE of theories. Individuals who work in math and the basic sciences tend to have this type of learning style. Assimilators also enjoy work that involves planning and research.
And lastly, is the Accommodator. People with this learning style are strongest in Concrete Experience and Active Experimentation. This style is basically the opposite of the Assimilator style. Accommodators are doers; they enjoy performing experiments and carrying out plans in the real world. Out of all four learning styles, Accommodators tend to be the greatest risk-takers. They are good at thinking on their feet and changing their plans spontaneously in response to new information. When solving problems, they typically use a trial-and-error approach. People with this learning style often work in technical fields or in action-oriented jobs such as sales and marketing.
In another study conducted by Carl Jung the Jungian Personality Theory, those four styles above has a lot in common with his ‘dimensions’. In his study, he looks across the personality of the four styles and produce the following dimensions: The first and second dimensions are ‘Extraversion and Introversion’ dimension. People high on extraversion and active experimentation tend to be doers, while those high on introversion and reflective observation tend to be watchers.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE The third and fourth dimensions are ‘Feeling and Thinking’ dimension. Those high in the feeling and concrete experience areas tend to be more focused on the here-andnow, while those high in the areas of thinking and abstract conceptualization prefer to focus on theoretical concepts.
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3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Methodology This section will discuss the research process on how the researcher conduct their project proposal. The following sections discusses the different methods of research used.
3.1.1
IDENTIFICATION
OF
KEY
RESOURCE
PERSONS
AND
DATA
SOURCES A. Technical Person Consultations
Inquiries and gathering information to people with the mastery of the topic is a huge help in making this research possible. Persons who has extensive knowledge regarding architectural design and library systems has been interviewed to further widen the researchers perspective regarding this matter. B. Library Research
Library is a very useful tool in this research. The wide range of references and resources that are related to the topic becomes easier to attain and provides reliable information. The National Library of the Philippines provided resources that are only available in their institutions while other academic libraries of different universities helped in constructing a much better format and understanding of the importance of conducting an architectural research.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE A. World Wide Web Surfing The World Wide Web is the most convenient way of gathering information. It provides information, online journal and books from different parts of the world. It allows to look at specific topics from an interdisciplinary point of view making it easier for researchers to gather information they needed.
B.
International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA)
It is an independent non-profit and non-governmental leading international body that represents people who rely on libraries and information professionals. This organization aims to represent librarianship in matters of international interest by providing strategic programs such as the Manifesto for Libraries.
C. National Library of the Philippines Datas regarding the connection of the NLP to public libraries is included in this research. The researcher acquired data regarding the policies of NLP with its affiliated public libraries. D. Planning and Development Office (City and Provincial) These office were in charge of the planning, development, activities and future projects inside Cavite which make it easier for the researcher to acquire data regarding the zoning and prospective site for the proposed project.
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3.2 RESEARCH STRATEGY A. Historical Research This type of research involves examining past events to draw conclusions and make predictions about the future. This type of research defines situations of the past and its meaning in the light of the present problem. It provides understanding of the issues that causes a better way to deal with. (Shams, 2013) 3.2.1
Descriptive Research
Refers to research that provides an accurate portrayal of characteristics of a particular individual, situation, or group. Also known as statistical research. These studies are a means of discovering new meaning, describing what exists, determining the frequency with which something occurs, and categorizing information. (Krishnakumar, Slide Share, 2011)
3.2.2
Descriptive Sampling
The analysis of data that helps describe, show or summarize data in a meaningful way such that patterns that might emerge from the data. Descriptive sampling is one procedure that entails a full control overthe input set of sample values. This method is based on a regular selectionof the sample values and their random permutation.(Tari & Dahmani)
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 3.2.3
Oral Interviews
Oral interviews with the specific personnel inside the library is one of the best methods of gathering data or information. The researcher personally asks questions regarding the problems and issues in the existing facilities including the basis and internal affairs of the library itself.
Figure 3.1 City Librarian With the Researcher
Figure 3.2 Library Aides and Librarian with the Researcher
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3.3 RESEARCH DESIGN 3.3.1
DESIGN PARADIGM
Problem and Objectives Definition Problem Study
Development of Conceptual Framework Research Model
Review of Related Literature and Studies Published/ Article
Official
Problem Identification
Delineation
Data Analysis & Interpretation
Data Gathering
Site Analysis
Scope and Limitation
Tabulation
Architectural Programming Schematic Diagrams Issue Analysis
Rejoinder
Re-evaluation of Design Solutions Project Consultation
Project Proposal and Concept Formulation Design Concept
Final Output
The New Cavite Provincial Library
Figure 3.3 Design Paradigm Diagram
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3.4 SUMMARY
OF
FINDINGS,
ANALYSIS,
AND
TRIANGULATION 3.4.1
Population and Sampling Procedures
Table 3.1 Latest Cavite Population Statistics from PSA
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE According to Philippine Statistic Authority as of June 2018 the total population of Cavite is at 3,678,301. Using Slovin’s equation which is stated below:
n= N/ (1+ N(e)^2)
Where n is the sample size, N is the population size and eis the level of precision. Base on standards, the range of percentage precision is from 1-10%.
n= 3,678,301/ (1+ 3,678,301 (0.1)^2)
Through this equation, it is determined that 100 number of respondent is needed to represent the population of Cavite.
In order to avoid bias in sampling, equal number of respondents has been distributed to the eight (8) district of Cavite. Through simple random sampling method, municipality or cities inside a district were listed and included into draw lots to determine the municipality that will represent each district.
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DISTRICT
CITY/ MUNICIPALITY
1
Cavite City, Kawit, Noveleta, Rosario
2
City of Bacoor
3
City of Imus
4
City of Dasmarinas
5
Carmona, Silang, General Mariano Alvarez
6
General Trias City
7
Amadeo, Indang, Tanza, TreceMartires City
Tagaytay City, Alfonso, General Emilio Aguinaldo, Magallanes, 8 Maragondon, Mendez, Naic, Ternate
Table 3.2 Cities and Municipalities under the Eight Districts of Cavite
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Base on the draw lot, the representative for each district is at the table below:
DISTRICT
CITY/ MUNICIPALITY
1
Noveleta
2
City of Bacoor
3
City of Imus
4
City of Dasmarinas
5
Silang
6
General Trias City
7
Tanza
8
Naic
Table 3.3 Chosen Cities and Municipalities under the Eight Districts of Cavite
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE For 100 respondents to be distributed equally, each municipality that represents each district must have 12 respondents each for the remainder of 4 respondents, it will be distributed to 4 districts through draw lots.
3.4.2
Data Gathering
The instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire. This method was use to be able to get the pulse data of the majority of Cavite population. The researcher developed the questionnaires through referencing with other related studies and consulting people with mastery of this area. All aspects of the problem and information needed have been taken into consideration. After submitting the questionnaire into the adviser of the research, it was subject for pretesting. For validation purposes, the questionnaire was given to ten students in Lyceum of the Philippines that was randomly picked. All of their concerns and clarifications have been taken into consideration. Few items were revised for more clarity and definiteness. After revisions and finalization, the questionnaires were distributed and retrieved personally to the respondents by the researcher.
Another method use for data gathering is technical consultation. People with mastery and knowledge regarding the current state of the library in the digital age were interviewed, particularly the librarians and staffs of the Cavite Provincial Library. They were given sets of questionnaire that they can answer either written or verbal. All answers in verbal form were recorded with their consent and those that are written are documented properly.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 3.4.3
Parking Requirements
Under the Rule VII “Classification and General Requirements of Buildings by Use or Occupancy”, libraries, museums, exhibition halls and art galleries are under the Institutional Division of Education and Recreation (Institutional)
Table 3.4 Minimum Required Off-Street (Off-RROW) cum On-Site Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading/Unloading Space Requirements by Allowed Use or Occupancy
3.2.2. Toilet Computation
According to the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines under the cluster of Institutional other than Hospitals and Penal Institution, a ratio of 1:20 and 1:25 for water closet, 1:10 and 1:10 for lavatory and 1:10-50 for urinals for male and female respectively.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 4.1 STATISTICAL DATA These information and data were gathered from different sources as indicated in Chapter 3. This chapter presents the results of data analysis for the project proposal for the Cavite Provincial Library entitled: “A Proposed Hybrid Public Library for the Province of Cavite: A Diversified Learning Facility in Trece Martires City”.
AGE BRACKET
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
12 & BELOW
14
14 %
13
38
38 %
20-30
24
24 %
31-40
10
10 %
41-50
9
9%
50 & ABOVE
5
5%
-19
Table 4.1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to their Age Bracket.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
Interpretation
Table shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents according to their age bracket where 5% are from people 50 years old and above, 9% from 41 yrs. old to 49 yrs. Old, 10% from 31 yrs. Old to 40 yrs. Old, 24% from 20 yrs. Old to 30 yrs. Old, 38% from 13- 19 yrs.old and 14% from 12 yrs old and below.
Discussion
According to the survey majority of the respondents are from the age group 13-19 and the minority are those who are 50 and above.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
FEMALE (52)
FREQUENCY
MALE (48)
PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
DAILY
23
44.231%
26
54.17%
WEEKLY
12
23.076%
5
10.42%
MONTHLY
9
17.307%
6
12.5%
YEARLY
6
11.538%
8
16.67%
NEVER
2
3.846%
3
6.25%
Table 4.2 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to their Regular Visit in a Library depending on Gender.
Interpretation
Table shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents according to their regular visit in a library depending on gender. It is broken down from never to daily, weekly, monthly, yearly visit.
Discussion
According to the survey Male visits a library daily more frequent than females.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
AWARENESS OF CPL
2%
AWARE OF THE EXISTENCE OF CPL
98%
UNAWARE OF THE EXISTENCE OF CPL
Table 4.3 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to their Awareness of Existing Cavite Provincial Library.
Interpretation
Table shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents according to their awareness of existing Cavite provincial library.
Discussion
According to the survey 98% of respondents is not aware that there is an existing Cavite Provincial Library in Trece and only 2% is aware of the said building.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
VISITED CPL
1%
VISITED
99%
NEVER
Table 4.4 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to their Time they Visit the Cavite Provincial Library.
Interpretation
Table shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents according to their time they visit the Cavite provincial library with a 1:99 ratio.
Discussion According to the survey 99% of respondents haven’t been able to go to the Cavite Provincial Library and only 1 respondent has been able to go to the said establishment.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
TYPES OF USER
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
STUDENTS
74
74 %
WORKERS
16
16 %
OTHERS
10
10 %
Table 4.5 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to their Occupation.
Interpretation
Table shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents according to their occupation.
Discussion
According to the survey majority of the respondents with 74% is students and the remaining 16% are students.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
OTHER FACILITIES
FREQUENCY
PERCENTAGE
CHILDREN’S AREA
3
3%
AUDITORIUM
0
0%
THEATER
0
0%
NOT ENCOUNTERED
97
97%
YET
Table 4.6 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Other Facilities in the Library they frequently go.
Interpretation
Table shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents according to other facilities in the library they frequently go.
Discussion According to the survey spaces that doesn’t normally included in a library are auditorium and theaters.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
4.2 MACRO ANALYSIS It is stated in the Republic Act of 7743 that the highest form of a public library which is the Congressional District Library shall be under the legislative-district government. Currently, according to the site of the National Library of the Philippines, the Provincial Library of Cavite is under the governance of the Provincial Council directly under the Governor itself. The seat of the Provincial Capital is located at Trece Martires Cavite. It serves as the focal point and center of the province of Cavite which makes it the most accessible city.
4.2.1
City of Trece’s Profile
All information stated below was gathered from the approved Comprehensive Land Use Plan of Trece Martires City 2011-2020 under Chapter III of General Information.
4.2.1.1 Location
Trece Martires City is located at the center of the province of Cavite thus Provincial Government Center is also being envisioned to set -in. It is bounded on the North by the Municipality of Tanza, by the Municipalities of Amadeo and Indang on the South, Municipality of Gen. Trias on the East and Municipalities of Tanza and Naic on the West. It has a total land area of 3,917 hectares including bodies of water and is composed of 13 Barangays.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE It is accessible by land transportation from Metro Manila and the other adjoining Cities and municipalities. It has a distance of 45 kilometers from Metro Manila, 25 kilometers from Cavite City, 23 kilometers from Tagaytay City, 26.3 kilometers from Puerto Azul and 38 kilometers from Marbella. As an urban core of the province and being part of the Cavite’s Second Growth Corridor also known as “Cavite Nuevo or New Cavite”, Trece Martires City has now it’s role as the Industrial, Residential and Commercial hub of the province, the city’s thrusts will be rapid Urbanization coupled with Institutional Development, this being the Capital and Seat of the Provincial Government or the Administrative Center of the Cavite.
(Figure Figure 7. Strategic Location; data gathered from Figure 4.1 Trece Martires City Strategic Location PNP TMC Station)
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 4.2.1.2 Slope and Topography A. Slope The city has an elevation of 100 feet above sea level. Except for some portions of the city that has hilly terrains, the greater part of the whole city is generally plain. The seat of the city government lies in the most elevated portion dominating the surrounding countryside including Manila Bay. Slope ranges from 0-3% to 3-8% are those areas with rolling the hilly terrain.
Figure 4.2 Table of Slope, Area, Percentage and Description of Trece
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE B. Soil Characteristics/ Compositions Types of Series of Soil
The types and series of soil found in the city are Guadalupe and Magallanes series.
i.
Guadalupe Soil is under laid by volcanic tuffacious materials of various degrees of disintegration and weathering. The surface soil is dark brown to nearly black, sticky and plastic clay. The subsoil is lighter in color than the surface soil.
ii.
Magallanes Series is brown, pale brown to light reddish-brown or yellowish brown, friable and coarse granular surface soil and yellowish brown tuffacious sub-soil. The soil in this series is devoted to diversified farming.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
Figure 4.3 Soil Characteristics and Composition
C. Natural Hazards/ Constraints Based on the Hazard Mapping conducted by NAMRIA, National Disaster Risk ReductionManagement Council (NDRRMC) and DENR, the city is not prone to natural hazards like flooding, tsunami and earthquake due to its distance from the Philippine Fault line and seas. Out of the eight (8) possible disaster listed by PDRRMC,the two known natural hazards that may affect the city are Rain Induced Hazard and Ground Shaking. Other disasters include manmade like fire, vehicular accidents, and biological (ex dengue).
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE D. Climate and Rainfall The climate in TreceMartires City is mostly dry and hot during the year. However, during the rainy season which usually occurs during the later part of June to October, there is a fairly high average precipitation. Because of the fact that it is not lying along the typhoon belt, TreceMartires City is usually spared from the destructive effects of storms and typhoons. E. Resources 1. Land Resources The land resources of the city can be well explained thru its land use category and its percentage share. It can be noted that 28.56% of the total area is idle. This idle land can be the subject of future developments in the city.
Figure 4.4 Existing Land Use Category in 2010
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 2. Water Resources Water resources come from the different rivers and springs which are in existence in the Poblacion and in the rural barangays. The well-known rivers are Pulonan River, Cañas River, Kay Alamang River and Pansaysayan River.
Figure 4.5 Water Sources in Trece
Based on the geology of Cavite and of TreceMartires City, most of the ground water is stored in the pyroclastic rock reservoir and little in the volcano and clastic rock. Potable water was provided by TMC Water District, subdivision developers and from free-flowing wells. An Irrigation tunnel constructed during the Spanish period called “Mina” also provides water for irrigation for the nearby municipalities like Tanza and General Trias.
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4.3 MICRO ANALYSIS The proposed site is situated at Brgy. Aliang, currently Brgy. Gregorio. The barangay is part of Trece Martires City and presented to be 2.93% of the total population of the City. This barangay is situated at approximately 14.2875, 120.8713, in the island of Luzon. Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 111.2 meters or 364.8 feet above mean sea level. Sharing common border with Brgy. Osorio, Brgy. Luciano, Brgy. Luciano, Brgy. Conchu, Brgy. De Ocampo and Brgy. San Agustin. (Philatlas, 2015)
4.3.1
SWOT ANALYSIS
4.3.1.1 Strengths Site given is owned by the government. It is already stated in its Transfer Certificate of Title that the land with Lot No. 2917-New-2 is owned by the City of Trece Martires City.
Spacious Land. The proposed site is approximately 1.8 hectares along the Urban Development Zone which makes it applicable to the proposed project.
Security. The proposed site is along with the cluster of other government facilities including a police station which tightens the assurance of public safety. Accessibility. The barangay is along the Governor’s Drive. A major road accessible to many cities and municipalities of Cavite.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 4.3.1.2 Weaknesses Access road. The roadway to the proposed site is quite hidden.
Densely Populated. There might be an issue with informal settlers in neighbouring lot.
4.3.1.3 Opportunities Flexible Zoning. The zoning of the site is included in the Urban Development Zone which makes it applicable to the proposed project.
4.3.1.4 Threats Creek. Water bodies has several advantages however there is also a risk of floods, foul odour, erosion and other environmental concern.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 4.3.2
SITE INVENTORY
Figure 4.6 Site Analysis
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 4.3.2.1 SUN ORIENTATION The site’s wider face is oriented towards northeast and southwest making it easier to gather lighting without too much heat. 4.3.2.2 Wind Analysis As the site’s wider face is oriented towards northeast and southwest the air can easily flow inside the building. 4.3.2.3 Road Networks The site is near the road Governors Drive. The Juanito Remulla Sr. Road, formerly and still referred as the Governor's Drive, is a two-to-nine lane, 58.3-kilometre network of primary, secondary and tertiary highways, and bridges traversing through the central cities and municipalities of the province of Cavite, Philippines. It is the widest of the three major highways located in the province, the others are Aguinaldo Highway and Antero Soriano Highway. 4.3.2.4 Traffic Analysis Through observation, the part of Governors Drive which is near the site rarely has congestion. 4.3.2.5 Noise Analysis Since the site is near the road and quite adjacent to some residential area there is quite a noise pollution that can easily be buffed.
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4.4 PROJECT STUDY 4.4.1
FINANCIAL VIABILITY
4.4.1.1 SOURCES OF FUNDS The funding scheme of the project Cavite Provincial Library will be generally funded by the government with additional funds from the friends of the library (private sectors) and the National Library of the Philippines.
In the latest Executive Summary of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan of Trece Martires City 2011-2020 under their Proposed Major Programs and Projects it was stated that the Construction of the Public Library is under the Education base projects under the Social Development.
Figure 4.7 Proposed Major Programs and Projects of Trece
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE According to the R.A. 7743 AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CONGRESSIONAL, CITY AND MUNICIPAL LIBRARIES AND BARANGAY READING CENTERS THROUGHOUT THE PHILIPPINES, APPROPRIATING THE NECESSARY FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES the Local Government Unit shall provide an adequate space and/or building needed by the people of the community. It also stated that the National Library and the Congressional District are responsible in providing the necessary funds needed for the improvement of the library. In Section 7 of Article V of R.A. 7743 it is stated that,
"It shall be the duty and responsibilities of every congressional district, city, municipality and barangay to provide the following: a) Library appropriation. A regular annual library appropriation to be drawn from certain percentage raised from amusement tax, realty tax, and other sources of local income shall be allocated based on the budget estimate proposed by the head librarian; b) a separate building or room of adequate size; c) sufficient number of chairs, reading tables, bookshelves, audio-visual equipment, and all other necessary equipment for the effective operation of the library; d) an adequate number of professional and non-professional library staff; e) an up-to-date and adequate collection of books, serials periodicals, newspapers and other library materials to augment the annual allocation of The National Library." In Section 11 Article VIII of R.A. 7743 it is stated that, "It shall be the responsibility of The National Library to include in its annual budget proposal starting in 1995 the amount of 1 million for each library to be established in a
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE congressional district, the amount of five hundred thousand for a city library, three hundred thousand for a municipal library, and two hundred thousand pesos for a barangay reading center to be established. Provided that, the total amount proposed annually and for a period of 5 years shall be increased proportionally and shall be enough to fund for the total number of libraries to be established during each year in accordance with its development plan. Subsequently, maintenance and operation thereof of these libraries shall be undertaken by their respective local government after the five-year period except for congressional district libraries which shall be maintained continuously by The National Library. However, The National Library shall continue to provide all these libraries with annual allocation of books and other library materials. Further, the appropriations for the establishment of barangay reading centers may be integrated with the regular appropriations of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)."
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 4.4.1.2 IMPACT ANALYSIS A. COST ESTIMATE According to PSA Construction Estimate for Institutional Buildings the current per square meter cost is 11,007.00 php. Using this as a mean for computation multiplied to the Total Gross Floor Area of the New Cavite Provincial Library which is 7048 sq.m., the total rough cost estimation will be: PSA Construction Cost Estimate x GFA = Rough Cost Estimation 11,007.00 x 7048 = 77,577,336.00 php
B. RETURN OF INVESTMENT In a study conducted for Quezon City Public Library, 100% of respondents are willing to pay more than a dollar or more than 50 php. Using this as a payment of membership the return of investment will be finished in a span of 3 years.
In the survey conducted by the researcher 49% of the respondents go to the library daily. Those 49% has a huge chance of buying membership cards. Also, payment from cafeteria tenants, film showing and multipurpose hall rent can be included for the maintenance of the library.
Total Construction Cost / Annual Income = ROI
77,577,336.00 php/ 27, 035,520.00 php = 2.87 or 3 years
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Solar Panel Cost and ROI
Total Wattage Used each day = Lighting + Fans + AC +q Other Appliances
5.184 KW + 1.725 KW + 33.25 KW = 40.159 KW
Total kilowatt in all rooms (lights, fans, aircon, etc.) / 5kW inverter (recommended) = Total Number Of Inverters
40.159 KW/ 5KW = 8 Inv.
5kW / 350 W Solar Panel = 14 solar panel
14 SP x Total Number Of Inverters = Total Number Of Solar Panels
14 SP x 8 Inv = 122 SP
Usage solar:
Daily Harvest = (122 SP x 350 W) x 12 Hrs = 470.4KW
Monthly Harvest = 470.4KW x 31 Days = 14582.4 KW/ mo.
Annual Harvest = 14582.4 KW x 12 mo. = 174988.8 KW/ year
Possible Electric Rate
Current tariff in meralco= 10.0732.00 php/ kWh
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 40KWx 20 days = 800 KW/ mo.
800 KW x 10.0732.00 php = 8058.56.00 php monthly bill
96, 702.72 php annual bill
SOLAR PANEL COST:
112 SP x 10,900.00 php = 1, 220, 800.00 php + 75 000.00 php installation cost
= 1,295,800.00 php
Solar Panel has a 20 year guarantee that it would work until 80% its capacity before it starts to decline.
96, 702.72 php annual bill x 20 yrs = 1, 934, 054.00 php 1, 295, 800.00 php – 1, 934, 054.00 php = 638, 254.00 php savings
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
5 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 5.1 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING 5.1.1
Space Analysis
Figure 5.1 Time Savers Formulas for Library Size
According to the survey conducted by the researcher 49% of the respondents go to a public library daily. Cavite has a total population of 3,678,301 by getting the 49% of that population, it can be said that 1 802 368 people might use the library daily. Using the table above from Time Savers Building Types, it is concluded that 1,803 seats shall be provided to accommodate maximum users of Cavite Provincial Library.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 5.1.2
Behavioural Analysis a. Organizational Chart
City Librarian IV Provincial
Admnistrative Assistant IV Administrative Assitant I
Council City Librarian III
Administrative Aide IV
Figure 5.2 Cavite Provincial Library Current Organizational Chart
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
Library Administration
Public Services
Acquisition
Cataloging
Collection Services
Information Technology
Preservation
Serials
Figure 5.3 Library Organizational Chart According to University of Hawaii
b. Behavioural Pattern
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Figure 5.4 City Librarian Behavioral Pattern
Figure 5.5 Administrative Aide Behavioral Pattern
Figure 5.6 Administrative Assistant Behavioral Pattern
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Figure 5.7 Utility Personnel Behavioral Pattern
Figure 5.8 Guest User Behavioral Pattern
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE
Figure 5.9 Security Personnel Behavioral Pattern
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 5.1.3
Space Identification ISSUE
SUB-ISSUE
REJOINDER
REMARKS
Inadequate Space for Children’s Area
Not adequate tables and chairs for kids
Separate room for Kids
All issues and subissues raised are based from actual situation of the Cavite Provincial Library
No Space for Summer Camp
Library has programs that teaches art, language and music but there is no venue to do it
Separate room for each programs
Inadequate Overall Size
Library has 8 large tables that makes the room too tight
Expansion or Transfer in another building
No room allotted to elibrary
E-library will be moved inside the study area causing congestion
New Room for a library
Facility is inside the Legislative Building
Intimidating and unaccessible
Expansion or Transfer in another building
Table 5.1 Issue Rejoinder Analysis of Cavite Provincial Library
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Aside from the common spaces inside a public library, Ms. Concepcion Villanueva, City Librarian, wants to create a space that will bring out the best in the people of Cavite. She wanted to have a makerspace where the users can do robotics, 3d printing and other stuffs using the machines they need. Ms. Villanueva also wants to include a space for the summer camp programs that the library is hosting every year. Using the information gathered from the staffs of the Cavite Provincial Library, the standard requirements for a library and through IRA the following spaces are attained:
Administrative Office
An area where the office of the people who manage and administer the library is located, it also includes an area for conference and/or meeting.
Acquisition Section
This area is storage of documents that is responsible for the selection and purchase of materials and resources. It also includes data regarding funding allocation of the library.
City Librarian Office
A place where the appointed City Librarian stays, the City Librarian manages the staffs, creates the library’s program and directly speaks to the provincial councils regarding the matters of the library.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Staff’s Office
Where the official and regular employee such as administrative assistants and aides stays.
Office Extension
Office for the volunteers, on the job trainings and security personnels.
Storage
Storage is a space where all of the books that are not on the shelves yet and other things owned by the library are located.
Lounge & Pantry
This is a space where the employees can rest and eat without disturbing and getting disturbed by other users.
Solemn Area
This is a space that the staffs of the Cavite Provincial Library has been asking, a place that they can recharge their spiritual and mental health. They wanted a peaceful space where they can stay for a bit before going back to work.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Lobby
The receiving area of the library. It is the most accessible part of the library. It is connected to the public comfort room and baggage counter where the users can put their bag.
Publication Division
It is an area where different sections such as filipiniana, periodicals, literacy, fictional, documentations, archives and general references were located.
Learning Space
This is the main part of the library, a collection of space for online education, collaboration, research, traditional study, reading and studying. Children’s Area
A space where children can read books, play with each other and engage in different types of activities.
Adult Area
A space for researchers that ranges from young adult to adult. This area still conducts the strict culture of quietness of a traditional library.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Special Area
This area is especially for people with disabilities. Braille and other forms of learning for them are in this area.
Formal Literacy Area
This is an area exclusive for special collections, books such as dissertation, theses, and other books that are hard to acquire and needed for a formal study. This area still conducts the strict culture of quietness of a traditional library.
E-Library
Space where a set of computer and other technological facilities is laid out for public use.
Urban Living Room
A space to collaborate, create and discuss. Users are free to talk and discuss matters in this space without controlling their voice in a hush manner.
Meeting Room
This is a space where meeting, conference and study groups can be conducted.
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This is an area in the building that exhibits historical, scientific, artistic and/ or cultural objects.
Multi Purpose Auditorium This is a space that can serve as the library’s theater for plays, movies and other acts, puppeteer room and an event place for different activities and people.
Makerspace
This is a collection of space that accommodates different types of learning styles.
Technology Room
A space where people can learn robotics, 3d printing and other technological related stuffs.
Music Room
A sound proof space made for musically inclined learners.
Art Room
A space where users can be messy, they can do crafts and arts in this area.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Tutorial Room
A room that promotes classroom-like learning. Users can study language, math and other academic subjects in this room.
Outreach Section
A collection of space where outreach programs of the library is included.
ALS Room
This space is exclusive for the Alternative Learning System users of the community.
Literacy Room
A space where disadvantaged people with no means of learning basic education and computer literacy can learn.
Cafeteria
A place where they can eat and rest first before going back to studying. This space will be placed away the learning space to prevent people in bringing food inside the library proper.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Utility Room
Collection of space for utility purposes.
Material Recovery Facility (MRF)
Room for wastes to be segregated before getting thrown at the dumpsite.
Mechanical Room
Room where HVAC and other machines are stored.
Parking Space
A space where users and staffs can park their vehicles.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 5.1.4
Interrelationship Diagrams a. Bubble Diagram
Figure 5.10 Bubble Diagram of Major Spaces
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Figure 5.11 Bubble Diagram of Administration Office
Figure 5.12 Bubble Diagram of Learning Spaces
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE b. Adjacency Matrix Diagram
Figure 5.13 Matrix Diagram of Major Spaces
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Figure 5.14 Matrix Diagram of Functional Areas
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 5.1.2. Space Computation
Figure 5.15 Space Computation of Administrative Office
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Figure 5.16 Space Computation of Library Space
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Figure 5.17 Space Computation of Utility Spaces
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 5.1.5
Architectural Design Conceptualization
5.1.1.1 Design Concept The approach of the design focused in redefining the library in digital age. It prioritizes the idea of the Evolution of a Hybrid Library: A Combination of Traditional and Digital.
The library of the digital age has evolved along with the technology. The concept is developed with a thought of combining and mixing the traditional and digital culture of learning. Now, it doesn't only serve as a collection of resources but a place for innovative learning: A combination of diversified spaces for thoughts, discussion and application of knowledge with dynamic presence. A. Form Concept
STIMULUS
SENSORY RECEPTOR
ACTION
Figure 5.18 Concept Diagram
The design aims to produce a building that serves as a stimulus through sensory receptors that will cause the user to take course of action. Architecture touches every senses of human especially the vision. For that reason, creation of visual
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE stimuli will be incorporated using the most known stimulus of visual perception: psychology of lines and colors.
Line communicates emotion and states of mind through its character and direction. The variations of meaning generally relate to our bodily experience of line and direction. (Jirousek, 1995) Horizontal lines that suggests a feeling of rest or repose will be evident in areas where solemnness and silence occur. While diagonal lines which suggest a feeling of movement and activity will be included in areas of action.
In terms of color psychology, color is a sensory perception, and as any sensory perception, it has effects that are symbolic, associative, synesthetic, and emotional. This self-evident logic has been proven by scientific investigation. The impression of a color and the message it conveys is of utmost importance in creating the psychological mood or ambiance that supports the function of a space. (LTD, 2017)
Different colors will be on the façade of the building to raise curiosity. This variant of colors will represent diversity and flexibility of the use and function of the facility.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE B. Transformation Diagrams Rubik’s cube is one of the most popular ways to test someone’s spatial and problem-solving abilities. This keeps the mind active, but also teaches the importance of every single move you make while thinking and eliminating possibilities. The inventor, Erno Rubik, use this as a method to help his students understand spatial relationship. Rubik’s is a cube with different colors that helps in working with spatial intelligence, a perfect representation of different spatial relationship according to their respective color.
Figure 5.18 Transformation Diagram
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE 5.1.1.2 Design Philosophy The philosophy that will be the central ideology of this design is Function and Architecture Parallelism. Parallel in math is two lines that never intersects- an equal sign. A state when two things working at the same time.
Function and Architecture Parallelism is a movement that promotes the idea that architecture defines function the same way function defines architecture. How it looks like will be how it will work and how it works should be reflected to its appearance.
In this matter, function and architecture shall work side by side with each other by dictating one another in order to achieve the redefinition that the designer is aiming for: An architecture that speaks for its function and a function that fits its architecture.
5.1.1.3 Design Goals and Objectives The central focus of the design it to revive the dying culture of a public library through the achievement of the design objectives stated below:
Design a building that will serve as a stimulus through the use of visual perception. It aims to feed people's curiosity that will cause a catalyst of their perception to the library.
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Provide a facility that can cater diversified learning programs that can create patrons.
Design a building that promotes motion and rest. A collection of space with contrasting function without disconnection.
Design an on-budget and energy efficient building.
5.1.1.4 Design Parameters
A. Design Considerations Circulation and Workflow Design must be an analyzed combination of interactions and activities to create a flow that is efficient in their own respective functions.
Egalitarian A design that promotes public-ness and sticks to the principle that every people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
Accessibility A design that must be sensitive to safety and operability with respect to diversified community.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Well-Being The design must be therapeutic. It should provide adequate light, ventilation and connectivity to the environment.
Energy-Efficient The design must incorporate strategies that will reduce daily operational cost. Strategies such as proper utilization of light and ventilation through orientation and resource-harvesting-recycling method.
Safety A design that provides the comfort of security to the users.
B. Design Strategies
Visual Perception Visual receptors detectsstimulis that will cause a course of action. This stimulus will affect the psychological behavior of the user.
Termite Cooling A systematic method of controlling natural ventilation inside the building through incorporating the techniques used by termites in their hub. Porous materials will be
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE used as a facade that harvest and transforms warm air through a courtyard. This system will then circulates the cool air around the building.
Structural Finish A method of combining the structural and finishing materials in one. It lessens the budget without compromising the quality of building materials.
Storm Water Infiltration and Harvesting Use of porous pavement for the driveway and parking surface with a special mix of asphalt and planted grass that allows rain infiltarion. This leads to a cooler pavement and it lessens the water that goes to the drainage system.
Rain water harvesting can be done using a barrel under the downspouts or a more sophisticated system with purification system. Either way, it helps in minimizing the cost of waterbill.
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5.2
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION
Figure 19 Architectural Plans
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Figure 20 Architectural Interiors
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Figure 21 Site Development Plan
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Figure 22 Concept Board
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Lee, C. J. (2016). REIMAGING PUBLIC LIBRARY AS PUBLIC SPACE. Master's of Architecture.
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Tari, M., & Dahmani, A. (n.d.). Descriptive Sampling Improve. Retrieved March 23, 2019, from Interstat journals: http://interstat.statjournals.net/YEAR/2002/articles/0211005.pdf
The Greenest City Hall in Sweden / Christensen & Co Architects. (2015, January 19). Retrieved from ArchDaily: https://www.archdaily.com/588246/the-greenest-city-hall-insweden-christensen-and-co-architects?ad_medium=widget&ad_name=recommendation
Dou, C. (2015). LIBRARY PUBLIC-NESS: Bridging the Digital Divide (Thesis Book). Architecture Senior Theses 272. Lee, C. J. (2016). REIMAGING PUBLIC LIBRARY AS PUBLIC SPACE. Master's of Architecture. Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. (1994, August). Retrieved March 22, 2019, from Republic
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Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. (1994, August). Retrieved March 22, 2019, from Republic Act No. 7743: http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno7743.htm#.XJQ_cZgzbIU Shams, M. J. (2013, March 16). Slide Share. Retrieved March 23, 2019, from Slideshare.net: https://www.slideshare.net/MadamJahan/historical-research-17259546
Jayanath, L. (2008, July 26). Jayanath's Weblog. Retrieved March 16, 2019, from https://jayanath.wordpress.com/2008/07/26/the-importance-of-a-library/
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE Rio, E. (2009, October). Cavite Librarians Association. Retrieved March 22, 2019, from Cavite Times Journal: http://cavitelibrarians.blogspot.com/2009/11/cavite-provinciallibrary-goes-e-lib.html
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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – CAVITE LGPMS-SGLG. (2015, June 23). The Seal of Good Local Governance. Retrieved from YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qn3tLpixfJQ&t=134s
Ashikuzzaman, M. (2016, June 28). Library & Information Science Community. Retrieved March 22, 2019, from Types of Libraries (Academic, Public, National & Special Library): http://www.lisbdnet.com/types-libraries-academic-public-national-special-library/
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LTD, T. S. (2017, August 20). The Perception of Color in Architecture. Retrieved from The Perception of Color in Architecture: https://medium.com/studiotmd/the-perception-ofcolor-in-architecture-cf360676776c
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6.1 APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Land Title First Page
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Appendix 2 Land Title Second Page
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Appendix 3 Librarian Interview and Data Gathering Letter
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Appendix 4 Letter for Site
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Appendix 5 City Engineering Office Certification
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Appendix 6 City Planning Certification
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Appendix 7 Interview Questions for Library Personnels
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Appendix 8 Survey Questionnaire
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