Asme STS-1-2011 PDF

Steel Stacks

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

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The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Three Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA

Dil le of lssuance: Aprii 16. 20 11

The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2014. There wlll be no addenda iss ued to this edition. ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thi s Standard. Periodically certain actions of the ASME STS Committee may be published as Cases. Cases and interpretat ions are published on th e ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http: // cstoo ls.asme.org as th ey are issued .

ASME i5 the reg-istered trade rnark of The Americtandards am o ng the lll that can be he ll'hl! : AISC, CIC IN D. or ASME. The la !;; t sta ndard was apl' rov ed as an Am e rica n National Stéllldud on March 21 , 2U06 and reiss ued as STS-1-2006. Th is revised s tanda rcl w as élpproved a s an A m e rica n Nati o nal StaJl drUd o n Mélrch 11, :20 11 . iv

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ASME STS COMMITTEE

Steel Stacks (Th e fo \l owi ng is th e rost er of the Comm itte e al the lime of approvai of this Standa rd.)

STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS J. C. Sowi zal, Chair W. C. RosencuUer, Vice Chair L. T. Powers, SecretQly STANOAROS COMMITIEE PERSONNEL S. L Re id. Alternate. Ind ust ri ai Environmen t Systems, Ine. lo L Rodrigues, Ivan u ppi Eng. Associados W. C. Rosencutter, Meca Enterprises. Ine. R. Rull. ILI Indu stria Comercio E ServJ{os lIda. R. K. Simonetti, Worley Parso ns R. L Schneider, A/remore, Worley Pa rSOIlS

A. K. Bhowmik. Hamon Custodis K. Scott, Alternate. Harnon Cu stod is

J. J. Carty, R 2nd P Industriai Chimney Co. M. ,. Gault, Consultant D. C. Mattes, Hoffmimn, Ine. A. C. Olson, Wolf MHS/Hoffmann, Ine .

R. S. Stay, Warren Envi ron ment. Ine.

T. Oswald, Jr., Sauereisen Co.

]. C. Sowizal, Industria i Chhwley Engineeri ng Co.

l. T. Powers. Th e Amerlcan Society o f Mec.hallica l Engilleers C. B. Reid, Indu stria i Environment Sys tems, Ine.

l. A. Yadav, Consl. ltant N. Zarrabi, Assoe. Erlgin eeri ng Resou rces, Ine.

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CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE STEEl STACKS

COMMITTEE

GeneraI. ASME Standard s ,m.' d eveloped and maintélincd w ith the intent to reprC5cn t th e con sensus o f concerned interests. As sllch, users of thi s Sta ndil rd ma)' in ter ti on C'xhaus t gases at low in te rna i pressures. For stac ks cOllt a illjn g combust ib le gases lInde r pres5ure, such as flare s tacks and flam m 5.3 , D in m, q, in Nlm ~

Round (D / 'Ci"z 5. 2.5)

(D / q; s: 5.3, D in m, ql in N/m~)

GENERAL NOTES: (a) The design wind force shall be calculal ed based Of! lhe area of lhe strueture projected on a pIane normal to the wind diree li on. The force shall be assumed IO aci parallel to I he wind direetion. (b) li nea r interpola tion is pelmiued faI h/ D values other than shown. (c) Nom encla lure: D = diameter of drcular cross secHan and l easl hori zonla l dim ension of square, hexJgo'lal. or oc tagollill cross sec!ions al el evalion under considerarlon, in ft (m) O' = de pth of pro trudi ng el ements such i1S ribs, corruga I ed jac.kel s, or olher sUffaee irregularilies thal aftecl the rcughness cf the srack, in ft (m) h = height of st ruclu re, in ft (m)

ql = velocì ty pressure evaluated zt helght z above ground, in psf (N/m I)

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ASM E STS·}- 201 1

NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A MECHANICAL DESIGN Sce Flgs. A-l through A-13 end T"ble A-l.

Fig. A-l

f.

Friction Factor.

as Related t o Reynolds Number and Stack Diameter

0.030 rTlCTTI-- r- r- rrTlTn-

---r-r-nrrrTTl

0.025 ~d--------i------, D, = stack dia ., ft 2

ò

~ 0.020 ~~"'-=------+--------+ ~

c .2 t;

!;E

5

O~=,r::~~r';;;;;;~l~O ~ 0 15

N Re

lappro x.l =­

15

20 25

20.000w

r;o:-

NRe = Reynolds Nu mber

46

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J.

1 ~ II

i, _

AI

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~

.J

J . 0J

I. 0'

.....

ASME 515-1-2011

fig, A,2

External Heat Transfer Coefficient for forced and Natural Convection Ol~meter.

2

10.0

5

~1\

80

6

7

8

ft 9

10

11

12

13

14

15

_

.-

Natural convection

I Forr d clnvectlion

1

,\1\ ''' 1\ 1\ \ "'""" "" "-..1'---­ 1\ I~"'" """ -----­ ------ r---- I-­ ---­ r---­ "'- "" l'---­ ------ I--r-­ 1\l"'" "" l'---­ -----­ -----­ r--:--. --- --­

70

Ambient Lr.Frele

,

1=

Te~peraLre: iOOF

~

'\

~

Ì"'---I'----

'­

~

"3 6,0

,;;

C

" "

'C

~

è' o u 50

l'''' ~

~

1\

~

c

•

'""

4

.\

9.0

;;;

I

3

4,0

"­

m

1\Ì"----.

E

~ x

w

3.0

"----.

'--­

"----.

"----.

-------

-----­ r---­ I-­

------- -----­ r-­

------­

"----.

-r---- --­ --­ -----

50 mph 4S mph 40 mph

35 mph

t-­ 30 mph

-----­ r-- I---- '­

25 mph

20 mp h

-----­ ------ t-----­

l'''' Ì'--­ 2.0

,

5 mph

"-- r---­ -----­ Ì"'---

1.0

/ 0 .0 0

r---- ­--­

k 40

f-'

. f--'

-'

'

-' i ­ ' -' -

'

,o

mph

7 mph 5 mph 3 mph 2 mph

80

120

'60

200 240

280

320

360 400

440

480

520 560

600

B, Tempe rature Oiffe rence Between Extern(l l Sutf(lce and Am blenl A ir.Fr ee Su eam , F

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A5ME 5T5-1-2011

Fig. A·3

Ellec! of a ehange in !he Ambien! Air·Free

Stream Temperature on the External Heat Transfer

Coefficient far Forced Convection

,. 2 1

I--

!--- I-­

i--- !---

1---' 1

..

,I 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20

10

0-10

Ambient Air-Free Strea m Temperature, T( F)

GENERAl NOTE: h r = (hSù"f) (Temperature Correction Factorh wh e( e hr the ederna! heat Iransfer coefficient for forced con­ h Wf

veclion w hen the ambi en t air-free $tream tempera­ ture is T(0F) the exlernal heat Irall sfer coeffic; ent for forced con­ vection for a 7{0F) of 60°F (se e Fig. A'2)

4H

... ,. r. ... J

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ASME STS-1-2011

Fig. A-4

Heat T,ansIe, (oelficient lo, the Ai, Gap Between Two Walls 01 a Double-Walled Metal Chimney 4.2 Mean le:npe rature = 400"F .,\T = ò.T = ò.T = ò.T ,=, ò.T =

4.0 3 .8

200"F 150"F 100"F 50"F lO"F

3.6 3 .4

32

M ean lemp

3.0 ò. T = 200"F

't 2.8

~

1, <

~

."

ò.T ", 150"F 6 T = 100"F ò.T = 50"F òT =1 0"F

26

à5

ci 24

ro

'4:"

M ea n tempe

2.2

2

c Il)

'u

.1T '" 200"F AT = 150°F

.1.T = 100"F .1.T = 50"F

2.0

iE

(3•

ro Il)

I

~ T = 10 ° F

1.8

1.4

1.2 1.0

0.8 0 .6 0.4 0.2

o o

2

3

4

5

6

Air Gap, in.

...

-,

L •.

, ._ • t

•

,.

'"

ASME STS-1-2011

Fig. A·5

Heat Transfer Coefficient for the Air Gap Between Two Walls of a Double·Walled Metal Chimney 8.0

7.8

7.6

7.4

7.2

Mean t empe rature

4T = 200 F i.\T = 150~F ilT = 100°F 4T = 50°F 6T = 10°F

6.8 ~

6.6

'" ~

6.4

lO

6.2

"'a:ro

'2" c

600"F Q

7.0

'"'­

=

6.0

~

'0

" o

5.8

o

5.6

o u

V w bui less than 1.2 x Vw redllction iél c tor allowed:

First Mod e, the re lore (E-5): C".! = 2,0

V w )' ( V,

St rollh , 1 N umbe r (E-5):

. [Ai5 > 15, 0. 2, 0.16 + 300l (Ai5 - 3)j

S, = If

Rcouction

Ave rélge Di"m e te r fo r Top Y; Ht : D j'al = D

1.0

a",, 2

1.5 ­ 24~ (~ - 4) DI:>.u

6.5

0.83

l

"Use Code" 2.0 if [ A > 15 D b:1"~' O'SP3 )] 1.00

Number (lf Sections: [ = 500 k L.n /I 15 Z (tUI ' ::: 15 9.5

900

H

22

=

À

17.50

D b.u

0.12

C. 1 = - ( 5SI) ~

a"

,\

CI = 0.72

t5

Criticai Ele va ti on:

'I

,

agl'l

5

Z~,

ii ( ; < 3, "Seek Advic€ , " "Use COde") bar

0.65

= 0.2

500

l

ct'!.'M

1)

For Spacing below 3 x Spa/D bM Seek Advice: Advice

,

,- ' 10{\,

1,00

Grouped Chimney cfrects must be considered below 15 x Spa: A ~ 160.00

Exposure C (Table l-l):

[II

=

Fn,duc!Jon

Vortex Shedding Eleva ti cm Rrtnge: 2) H

Z2 = O

bOM

if (V, > V"." "true," "false") Reduction = "false" if (Reduction = "tTUe," Fr'~ : 1

F[~,. __ ctlOn

= 8 Il

S, = 0.20

FOi

DbM

L (,1' III ,

, =

~6 H

k

1

I~

-:;: L

11 6.67 It

140.00 ft

0.00 fl

m( =

4>,

35.288

= J

'1-'\

k

=J

"'1 !tI, ( 0.8, 2.0,

g,

=

g,'l ]]

0",.

1.50

Far Peak Laads:

= O _.!.6

= 32TI O (O~ - D,c 4l 12 3

= 2,239.95 in.'

1vJ, 12

= - 5­ = 94.34 ksi

High bendillg stress leve! indicates faiJu.re far this s tack conf igllrati o n . Additìonal dampìng or "erody­ namic wind spoilers s\lch as helical strélkes "re required .

Far Fatigue:

94

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ASME STS-1-2011

NONMANDATORY APPENDIX F

CONVERSION FACTORS: U.S. CUSTOMARY TO SI (METRIC)

See Tables F-I through P-IS.

Table F-l

Table F-6

Length

To Convert From

To

Multiply By

in. in.

mm

cm

ft yd

m

mile (statule)

km

25.4000 2.5400 0.3048 0.9144 1.6090

m

ForcejLength To

Multiply By

N/m N/m

175.13 14.59

To Convert From lbf/in. lbf/ft

Table F-7 Pressure or Stress (Force per Area) Table F-2 To Convert From

To

10-'

mm '

in.<

cm' m' m' m'

ft' in. 2 yd"

Area

kgffm ksi

645.1600000 6.4510000 0.0929000

2

N/m" psf psi

Table F-8 Table F-3

Volume (Capacity) To

To Convert From

Multiply By

ounce

29.570000 0.003785 16.400000

0,028320

0.764600

g,1 in.~

ft'

yd;l

To

To Convert From

1.000 47.880 47.880 6.895

To Convert From

To

Multiply By

lbf·in.

N'm N'm N'm

0.1130 1.3560 9.8070

Ibf·ft kgf·m

Table F-9

Mass To

ounce·mass (avolrdupois) OUf1ce·mass (avoirdupois) pound-mass (avoirdupols) ton (m Elric) ton (short, 2,000 lbm)

MUlt l ply By

9.807 6_895

Bending Momen! (Torque)

To Convert From

Table F-4 Kinematic Viscosity (Thermal Diffusivity)

Multiply By

p, MPa p, kPa p, kPa

ksl

0.0006451

0.8361000

2,590,000.0000000

m'

sq mlle (stalute)

To

To Convert From Multiply By

g

kg kg Mg Mg

Multiply By 28.3400 0.0283 0.4536 1.0000 0.9072

0.0006451 6.4521000

in.' /sec in. 2 /sec

Table F-10 Table F-5 To

To Convert From

kgf

N N N

kip-force

Ibl

To Convert From

Force

psf lbm/yd)

Multiply By 9.807

4448.000

4-448

95

.! I .

~

.jJ

~-

"" .

~

Mass per Area To

Multiply By 4.8800 0.5425

ASME STS·1- 201 1

Table F-ll

Table F-14 Velocity

Mass per Volume

To (onvert from

To

Mult iply By

To (onvert From

[bm /in.' Ibm / ft' lbm/yd ' Ibm j gal (U.5. liquid)

kg / m) kg/ m1 kg / m 3 kg / m 3

27,680.0000 16 .0200 0. 5933 11 9.8300

in ./sec h /sec h./min

m/s m/s

0.02540 0. 30480

m/ s.

mph

km/ h

0.00508 1.60900

km / h

m/s

0. 27800

Table F-12 To (onvert From

Temperatures t. ~ (ti -

O(

°F

ti

K

O(

te

Table F-l3 l o Convert From Blu/ lb m Blu in. f h ft2 Btu! if~'" F 8Iu/ lbm"f 8lu/ ibm"F

Table F-15

Multiply By

To O(

°F

To

Acceleration

To (onve rt From

To

Mu ltiply By

ft /sec ~ in,jsec 1 freera ll , standa rd

m/s !'

0.3048 0.025 4 9.8070

32)/1.8

= 1.8( + 3 2 = t~ ­ 273.1 5

m/s 2 m/ s 2

Heat Mult iply By

To

I/kg

2326.0000 0. 1442 5.6780 4184.0000 1.001l0

W/m' K W/ m1 'K J/ kg·"'C \a l{ kg·O (

96

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Multipty By

1

t

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