Arts 10 First Quarter Reviewer

REVIEWER IN ARTS 10 – FIRST QUARTER THE ELEMENTS OF ARTS: - The building blocks or ingredient of art • • • • • • •

LINE – a mark with length and direction; a continuous mark made on a surface by a moving point COLOR – consists of hue (another word for color), intensity (brightness), and value (lightness and darkness) VALUE – the lightness or darkness of a color SHAPE – an enclosed area defined and determined by other art elements; 2-dimensional (ex. Triangle) FORM – a 3-dimensionall object or something in a 2dimensional artwork that appears to be 3dimensional (ex. Pyramid) SPACE – the distance or area between, around, above, below or within things. TEXTURE – the surface quality or feel of an object; smoothness, roughness, softness and etc.; it may be actual/implied

THE PRINCIPLES OF ARTS: - what we use to organize the element of art, or the tools to make art •

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BALANCE – the way the elements are arranged to create a feeling of stability in a work. o SYMMETRICAL BALANCE – the parts of an image are organized so that one side mirrors the other. o ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE – when one side of a composition doesn’t reflect the design of the other. EMPHASIS – the focal point of an image or when one area or thing stand out the most CONTRAST – a large difference between 2 things to create interest and tension RHYTHM AND MOVEMENT – a regular repetition of elements to produce look and feel of movement PATTERN AND REPETITION – repetition of a design UNITY – when all the elements and principles work together to create a pleasing image. VARIETY – the use of differences and change to increase the visual interest of the work PROPORTION – the comparative relationship of one part to another with respect to size, quantity or degree; scale.

IMPRESSIONISM: Origins of the Movement Impressionism was an art movement that emerged in the second half of the 19th century among a group of Parisbased artists. The duration of the impressionist movement itself was quite short, less than 20 years from 1872 to the mid-1880s. But it had a tremendous impact and influence on the painting styles that followed, such as neo-impressionism, post-impressionism, fauvism, and cubism—and even the artistic styles and movements of today. The name impressionism was coined from the title of a work by French painter Claude Monet, Impression, soleil levant (in English, Impression, Sunrise). The term precisely captured what this group of artists sought to represent in their works: the viewer’s momentary “impression” of an image. It was not

intended to be clear or precise, but more like a fleeting fragment of reality caught on canvas, sometimes in midmotion, at other times awkwardly positioned—just as it would be in real life.

The Influence of Delacroix One major influence was the work of French painter Eugène Delacroix. Delacroix was greatly admired and emulated by the early impressionists—specifically for his use of expressive brushstrokes, his emphasis on

movement rather than on clarity of form, and most of all his study of the optical effects of color. In particular, Delacroix’s painting, The Barque of Dante, contained a then revolutionary technique that would profoundly influence the coming impressionist movement. And it involved something as simple as

droplets of water.

When studied closely, it is seen that four different, unmixed pigments—yellow, green, red and white—create the image of each drop and its shadow. Viewed from a little distance, these colors blend to represent individual drops glistening with light. The distinct colors merge in the eye of the viewer to appear monochromatic (singlecolored) or, in this case of water droplets, colorless. In short, an impression is formed.

REVIEWER IN ARTS 10 – FIRST QUARTER A Break from Past Painting Traditions Color and Light The painting conventions and techniques of earlier art periods were very much concerned with line, form, and composition. In contrast, the impressionists painted with freely brushed colors that conveyed more of a visual effect than a detailed rendering of the subject. They used short “broken” strokes that were intentionally made visible to the viewer. They also often placed pure unmixed colors side by side, rather than blended smoothly or shaded. The result was a feeling of energy and intensity, as the colors appeared to shift and move— again, just as they do in reality. “Everyday” Subjects Impressionists also began to break away from the creation of formally posed portraits and grandiose depictions of mythical, literary, historical, or religious subjects. They ventured into capturing scenes of life around them, household objects, landscapes and seascapes, houses, cafes, and buildings. They presented ordinary people seemingly caught off-guard doing everyday tasks, at work or at leisure, or doing nothing at all. And they were not made to look beautiful or lifelike, as body parts could be distorted and facial features merely suggested by a few strokes of the brush. Painting Outdoors The location in which the impressionists painted was also different. Previously, still lifes, portraits, and landscapes were usually painted inside a studio. However, the impressionists found that they could best capture the ever-changing effects of light on color by painting outdoors in natural light. This gave their works a freshness and immediacy that was quite a change from the stiffer, heavier, more planned paintings of earlier masters. Open Composition Impressionist painting also moved away from the formal, structured approach to placing and positioning their subjects. They “experimented“ with unusual visual angles, sizes of objects that appeared out of proportion, off-center placement, and empty spaces on the canvas. The Influence of Photography Photography was in its early stages at this time as well. As it gained popularity, photography inspired impressionists to capture fleeting moments of action, whether in landscapes or in the day-to-day lives of people. But whereas camera snapshots provided

objective, true-to-life images, the artists were able to

offer a subjective view of their subjects, expressing their personal perceptions rather than creating exact representations. They also had the advantage of manipulating color, which photography at that time still lacked.

Works of Manet, Monet, and Renoir 1.) Edouard Manet (1832-1883) - was one of the first 19th century artists to depict modern-life subjects. He was a key figure in the transition from realism to impressionism, with a number of his works considered as marking the birth of modern art. HIS WORKS: Argenteuil, Rue Mosnier Decked With Flags, Café Concert and The Bar at the FoliesBergere 2.) Claude Monet (1840-1926) - was one of the founders of the impressionist movement along with his friends Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Frédéric Bazille. He was the most prominent of the group; and is considered the most influential figure in the movement. Monet is best known for his

landscape paintings, particularly those depicting his beloved flower gardens and water lily ponds at his home in Giverny.

HIS WORKS: La Promenade, The Red Boats, Argenteuil, Bridge Over a Pond of Water Lilies and Irises in Monet’s Garden 3.) Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) - along with Claude Monet, was one of the central figures of the impressionist movement. His early works were snapshots of real life, full of sparkling color and light. By the mid-1880s, however, Renoir broke away from the impressionist movement to apply a more disciplined, formal technique to portraits of actual people and figure paintings. HIS WORKS: Dancer, A Girl with a Watering Can, Mlle Irene Cahen d’Anvers and Luncheon of the Boating Party

POST-IMPRESSIONISM After the brief yet highly influential period of impressionism, an outgrowth movement known as post-impressionism emerged. The European artists who were at the forefront of this movement continued using the basic qualities of the impressionists before them—the vivid colors, heavy brush strokes, and true-to-life subjects. However, they expanded

REVIEWER IN ARTS 10 – FIRST QUARTER and experimented with these in bold new ways, like using a geometric approach, fragmenting objects and distorting people’s faces and body parts, and applying colors that were not necessarily realistic or natural. 1.) Paul Cézanne (1839–1906) was a French artist and post-impressionist painter. His work exemplified the transition from late 19th-century impressionism to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century—paving the way for the next revolutionary art movement known as expressionism.

sculptures and paintings. (Modigliani’s Works: Head and Yellow Sweater) •

fauves (“wild beasts”), referring to the group of French expressionist painters who painted in this style. Perhaps the most known among them was Henri Matisse. (Matisse’s Works: Woman with Hat, Blue Window) •

HIS WORKS: Hortense Fiquet in a Striped Skirt, Still Life with Compotier, Harlequin and Boy in a Red Vest

the civilization that had brought on such horrors, these artists rebelled against established norms and authorities, and against the traditional styles in art. They chose the child’s term for hobbyhorse, dada, to refer to their new “non-style.” (de Chirico’s Work: Melancholy and Mystery of a Street) (Chagall’s Work: I and the Village) •

EXPRESSIONISM: (A Bold New Movement) In the early 1900s, there arose in the Western art world a movement that came to be known as expressionism. Expressionist artists created works with more emotional force, rather than with realistic or natural images. To achieve

this, they distorted outlines, applied strong colors, and exaggerated forms. They worked more with their imagination and feelings, rather than with what their eyes saw in the physical world.

Among the various styles that arose within the expressionist art movements were: •

NEOPRIMITIVISM - was an art style that incorporated elements from the native arts of the South Sea Islanders and the wood carvings of African tribes which suddenly became popular at that time. Among the Western artists who adapted these elements was Amedeo Modigliani, who used the oval faces and elongated shapes of African art in both his

Dadaism - was a style characterized by dream fantasies, memory images, and visual tricks and surprises—as in the paintings of Marc Chagall and Giorgio de Chirico. Although the works appeared playful, the movement arose from the pain that a

group of European artists felt after the suffering brought by World War I. Wishing to protest against

2.) Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) was a postimpressionist painter from The Netherlands. His works were remarkable for their strong, heavy brush strokes, intense emotions, and colors that appeared to almost pulsate with energy. Van Gogh’s striking style was to have a far-reaching influence on 20th century art, with his works becoming among the most recognized in the world. HIS WORKS: Sheaves of Wheat in a Field, The Sower, Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers, Bedroom at Arles, Starry Night and Wheat Field with Cypresses

Fauvism - was a style that used bold, vibrant colors and visual distortions. Its name was derived from les

Surrealism - was a style that depicted an illogical, subconscious dream world beyond the logical, conscious, physical one. Its name came from the term “super realism,” with its artworks clearly expressing a departure from reality—as though the artists were dreaming, seeing illusions, or experiencing an altered mental state. Many surrealist works depicted morbid or gloomy subjects, as in those by Salvador Dali. Others were quite playful and even humorous, such as those by Paul Klee and Joan Miro. (Dali’s Work: Persistence of Memory) (Klee’s Work: Diana) (Miro’s Work: Personages with Star)

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Social Realism - The movement expressed the artist’s role in social reform. Here, artists used their works to protest against the injustices, inequalities, immorality, and ugliness of the human condition. In different periods of history, social realists have addressed different issues: war, poverty, corruption, industrial and environmental hazards, and more—in the hope of raising people’s awareness and pushing society to seek reforms. Ben Shahn’s Miners’ Wives, for example, spoke out against the hazardous conditions faced by coal miners, after a tragic

REVIEWER IN ARTS 10 – FIRST QUARTER accident killed 111 workers in Illinois in 1947, leaving their wives and children in mourning. Pablo Picasso’s Guernica has been recognized as the most monumental and comprehensive statement of social realism against the brutality of war. Filling one wall of the Spanish Pavilion at the 1937 World’s Fair in Paris, it was Picasso’s outcry against the German air raid of the town of Guernica in his native Spain. Created in the mid-1900s, Guernica combined artistic elements developed in the earlier decades with those still to come. It made use of the exaggeration, distortion, and shock technique of expressionism. At the same time, it had elements of the emerging style that would later be known as CUBISM.

Quotes that might help :> “If you fail an examination, it means you have not yet master the subject. With diligent study and understanding, you will succeed in passing the exams.” - Lailah Gifty Akita “There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work learning from failure.” - General Colin Powell “My advice is, never do tomorrow what you can do today. Procrastination is the thief of time.” – Charles Dickens ‘David Copperfield’ Note: Pansin niyo, medyo mahaba yung description haha! Pero hinighlight ko na naman yung mga important details. Di ko na rinemove yung iba since kung maguluhan kayo, reading supporting details might help 😊 Yun lang. Enjoy studying and good luck in your exams! Kaya natin ito, laban lang. (10E,G13)