5 LTE ERAN6.0 Handover Feature ISSUE1.00

LTE eRAN6.0 Handover Feature

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Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives 

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: 

Describe the type of handover in LTE



Describe the feature and parameters for intra-frequency handover



Describe the feature and parameters for inter-frequency handover



Describe the feature and parameters for inter-RAT hando ver



List relevant counters for handover

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Contents 1. Technical Description 2. Intra-frequency Handover 3. Inter-frequency Handover 4. Inter-RAT Handover

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Mobility Management Overview Mobility Management

Idle State

Cell Reselection

Intra-frequency

Connected State

Handover

Inter-frequency

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Redirection

Inter-RAT

Redirection Introduction 

Redirection is the substitute

solution for handover

,used in the following scenario:





UE or network doesn’t support handover



There is no neighbor relation

When redirection is triggered, eNodeB sends the UE an “RRC Connection Release” message which contains inf ormation about a neighboring frequency in the LTE sys tem or in another RAT system.

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Handover Procedure & Entities UE Capability

UE Measurement

UE Capability Handling Gap pattern control Xxx Based Trigger

Measurement Handling

MRO

Blind Handover

Candidate Cell Filter

Handover Decision

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Neighbor Cell Management eNodeB Handover Entities

Handover Trigger Scenarios Handover Type

Measurement Trigger

Intra-frequency

The measurement configuration is performed when the UE establishes a radio bearer. The UE performs intra-frequency measurements by default.

Inter-frequency Inter-RAT

The eNodeB delivers the measurement configuration to the UE when the signal quality in the serving cell is lower than the associated threshold.

Load based

Inter-frequency Inter-RAT

The measurements are triggered by the Mobility Load Balancing (MLB) algorithm.

Frequencyprioritybased

Inter-frequency

The measurements are triggered by A1 event

Service based

Inter-RAT Inter-frequency

The eNodeB triggers the measurements after it finds that only the voice service is running on the UE.

UL service quality Based

Inter-RAT Inter-frequency

The eNodeB triggers the measurement after it detects UL power insufficient at the UE

Distance based

Inter – frequency Inter -RAT

The measurements are triggered by distance if it is more than the specific threshold

Coverage based

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Measurement Control Information RRC Reconfiguration Message



eNodeB should deliver all the measurement control par ameters to UE via RRC reconfiguration, including meas urement object, report configuration, measurement ID and filter configuration .



Besides, for inter-frequency/inter-RAT measurement, i t also includes gap configuration for gap-assisted me asurement.

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Measurement Object – Frequency Parameters

Description

DlEarfcn

Indicates the DL EARFCN of the inter-frequency E-UTRAN cell

MeasBandWidth

Indicates the measurement bandwidth for inter/intra-frequency neighboring cells

QoffsetFreq

Indicates the frequency offset of the inter-frequency neighboring cell

neighCellConfig

Indicate whether all the neighbor have the same configuration or not

PresenceAntennaP Indicates whether all of the inter-frequency neighboring cells ort1 are configured with the double-TX antenna. High priority neighbor cell list (Optional)

If we configure some specific neighbors as high measurement priority, then eNodeB will deliver these cells information as well .(New introduced in eRAN6.0)

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Event Triggered Report Events

Threshold

Action

A1

Signal quality in the serving cell is higher than a specified threshold

The eNodeB stops inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurements.

A2

Signal quality in the serving cell is lower than a specified threshold

The eNodeB starts inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurements

A3

Signal quality in at least one intra-frequency/interfrequency neighboring cell is higher than that in the serving cell

Source eNodeB sends an intrafrequency/inter-frequency handover request.

A4

Signal quality is higher than a specified threshold in at least one inter-frequency neighboring cell

Source eNodeB sends an inter-frequency handover request.

A5

A2 + A4 (New events in eRAN3.0)

Source eNodeB sends an inter-frequency handover request.

B1

Signal quality is higher than a specified threshold in at least one inter-RAT neighboring cell

source eNodeB sends an inter-RAT handover request.

B2

A2 + B1

source eNodeB sends an inter-RAT handover request.

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Measurement Gap Configuration

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Measurement Filleting Operation



A: Measurement value at the physical layer



B: Measurement value obtained after L1 filtering.



C :Measurement value obtained after L3 filtering.

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eNodeB Neighbor Management Intra-frequency neighbor

cdma2000

UMTS

Neighbor Black Cell

Neighbor Management

Inter-frequency neighbor Inter-RAT neighbor

LTE2.6G

GSM

Neighbor Black cell LTE2.6G LTE 800M

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Contents 1. Technical Description 2. Intra-frequency Handover 3. Inter-frequency Handover 4. Inter-RAT Handover

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Intra-frequency Handover Procedure Measurement Triggers

eNodeB Makes Decision

(Coverage Based) Measurement Configuration message Measurement RSRP/RSRQ Event A3 Black cell list If criteria is matched, UE sends measurement report.

Measurement Phase

eNodeB Performs Handover

Event Triggered Periodical Reporting Intra-eNodeB cell has higher

Admission Procedure Signaling Procedure Execution Retry Mechanism (attempt to

priority to reduce Inter-

next target cell in

eNodeB signaling or data

measurement report list)

forwarding. Via S1 or X2

Decision Phase

Execution Handover

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Intra-Frequency Measurement Trigge r 

After UE attachment, eNodeB sends RRC reconfiguration message which includes

intra-frequency measurement c

ontrol info which assist UE to perform intra-frequenc y measurement

It contains all the intrafrequency measurement and report configuration, including A1(optional), A2(optional) and A3(mandatory) event.

Trace from eNodeB Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page18

Element Introduction – Measuremen t Object

Optional part

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Element Introduction – Report Con figuration

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Element Introduction – Measurement ID



Based on the object and report configuration, eNodeB creates one or more measurement ID linked with object ID and report ID. And this ID should be also included in the UE report, so eNodeB can differentiate each re ports

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Element Introduction – Filter Config uration



This filtering is performed by RRC, smoothing measurement to resist fast fading effect. A larger value of this param eter indicates a stronger smoothing effect and higher resi stance to fast fading, but it may weaken the tracing capab ility towards varying signals

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Event A3 Measurement Report



Intra-frequency handover is triggered by event A3, wh ich is reported in event-triggered periodical reporti ng mode. 

Enter condition: Mn + Ofn + Ocn – Hys > Ms + Ofs + Ocs + A3Off Leave condition: Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Ms + Ofs + Ocs

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Measurement Report

How to differentiate each measurement report??



In the measurement report, it shows the ID to indicat e the type of report

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Handover Decision – Filtering Lis t Obtain candidate list

Measurement Report Decide target cell



After receive measurement report, eNodeB makes candid ate list after filtering the following 

Neighboring cells that have a different PLMN from the s erving cell if the inter-PLMN



Neighboring cells with a handover prohibition flag

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Handover Decision – Target Decisi on 

After get candidate list, eNodeB will rank the list w ith the following priority: 

The best RSRP/RSRQ neighbor cell



Intra-eNodeB neighbor cell if reported result is the sa me



Inter-eNdoeB neighbor cell with X2 interface if reporte d result is the same.



The eNodeB then sends a handover request to the targe t cell at the top of the candidate cell list.If the h andover request fails, the eNodeB sends the handover request to the next target cell.

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Handover Execution – S1/X2 Adapti on

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Retry and Penalty 

If admission failure with target eNodeB, source eNodeB wil l try the next target until it gets succeed feedback from it. If all the target are failed for handover preparation, source eNodeB will wait for the next UE report.



The eNodeB imposes a penalty on a cell where a non-resourc e-induced admission failure has occurred. In a handover at tempt, the eNodeB does not send a handover request to such a cell. This increases the handover success rate and reduc es the number ofdropped calls caused by handover failures.

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Measurement Report



This command is used to modify the parameters for mea surement report

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A3 Event Parameters – Cell Offset

Evaluate neighbor cell measurement

Evaluate serving cell measurement

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A3 Event Parameters – Service Bas ed

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Typical Handover Flow

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RRC Reestablishment Procedure

Handover Failure

Cell search

Random access

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RRC reestablishment

Contents 1. Technical Description 2. Intra-frequency Handover 3. Inter-frequency Handover 4. Inter-RAT Handover

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Classification of Inter-frequency Handover Measurement report (A2) Inter-frequency measurement activate Measurement report (A4)

Measurement report (A2) Handover command

Handover command

Measurement based HO 

Blind Ho

Measurement based handover: HO must be trigged by int er-frequency measurement report



Blind handover: Skip inter-frequency measurement, dir ectly execute HO based on priority configuration

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Inter-frequency Handover Procedur e

Measurement Triggers (Coverage Based) UE Reporting Event A2 to trigger inter-frequency measurement based on

Measurement

GAP-Assisted Measurement Event Triggered Periodical Reporting A3/A4/A5

coverage Single or both of

eNodeB Makes

eNodeB Performs

Decision

Handover

Event Triggered Periodical Reporting

Admission Procedure

Single or both of RSRP / RSRQ considered to make decision

RSRP/RSRQ monitored to

Execution Retry Mechanism (attempt to next target cell in measurement report list) If Admission or Handover

Via S1 or X2

trigger IF measurement

Failure

Stop measuring when Event A1 is met

Measurement Trigger

Measurement Phase

Decision Phase

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Execution Handover

Measurement Trigger 



Coverage-based handover 

Measurement trigger : A2 event



Measurement stop: A1 event

Load- based handover 

The triggering and stopping of inter-frequency measurements for load-based han dover are determined by the MLB algorithm. When the load of the serving cell r eaches the threshold for inter-frequency load balancing, the MLB algorithm sel ects a number of UEs based on the frequency capabilities of the UEs, ARPs, and resource usage and then instructs the UEs to perform gap-assisted inter-freque ncy measurements for load-based handovers or blind handover.



Frequency priority – based handover 

Measurement trigger: A1 event



Measurement stop: A2 event

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Measurement Trigger (Con.) 

Service based 

The eNodeB triggers the measurements after identifying the UE having certain service characteristics.



UL quality based 

The eNodeB triggers the measurements after it detects u nsatisfactory UL quality for the UE.



Distance-based 

The eNodeB triggers the measurements after it detects t hat the reported TA exceeds a threshold

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Measurement Object Configuration 

Measurement object 

The information on a measurement object includes the fr equency, measurement bandwidth , and frequency-specific offset

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Coverage Based Measurement Trigger Moves to neighbor LTE cell

Moves out of LTE coverage

LTE GSM/UMTS Coverage

Intra-LTE

Inter-RAT

According to radio link condition (LTE: RSRP/RSRQ)



Enter condition: Ms + Hys < Specific A2 Threshold



Leave condition: Ms – Hys > Specific A2 Threshold

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Coverage Based Measurement Stop



Enter condition: Ms – Hys > Specific A1 Threshold



Leave condition: Ms + Hys > Specific A1 Threshold

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Enhanced A2 Event for FDD/TDD (eRA N6.0) Operator A A2_FDD threshold: Trigger Operator A’s UE FDD Inter-Freq Measure Operator B A2_FDD threshold: Trigger Operator B’s UE FDD Inter-Freq Measure Operator A A2_TDD threshold: Trigger Operator A’s UE TDD Inter-Freq Measure Operator B A2_TDD threshold: Trigger Operator B’s UE TDD Inter-Freq Measure 

Application scenario: Used for RAN sharing



Benefit: Flexible policy configure for MOCN(Multiple Operator Core Netw ork) operator 

Prior to Inter-Freq FDD or TDD cell



Every operator can set different event A2 threshold

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Blind HO A2 Event (eRAN6.0 Enhance ment) A2_measure threshold: Trigger Inter-Freq Measure

A2_Blind threshold: Trigger Blind Redirection



In coverage based inter-frequency handover, eNdoeB will deliv er another A1/A2 threshold to trigger or stop blind handover.



In the following case, eNodeB only deliver blind handover A1/ A2 threshold, not normal A1/A2 threshold 

UE doesn’t support inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurement



Normal A2 threshold is less than blind handover A2 threshold

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Load Based Management Trigger It is typically used for co-site scenario

LTE f3 LTE f2 load transfer

UE

eNB Load Evaluation

Low load

Load Balancing Decision target cell

High load

Blind HO Switch is ON & target cell is in blind HO List?

Y

N Inter-Freqency HO Based Measurement

LTE f1

Measurement GAP Event A4 Parameters Event A4 Triggered

Measure Report HO Decision IF-HO Execute

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Blind HO

The procedure of HO Execute is same as coverage based HO

Frequency Priority Based Measureme nt Trigger High Priority LTE 2600MHz

LTE 900MHz Low Priority

A1 Event

Meeting radio threshold



Enter condition: Ms – Hys > Specific A1 Threshold



Leave condition: Ms + Hys < Specific A1 Threshold

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Service Based Measurement Trigger Handover voice service when E-RAB established to Inter-freq 

To improve efficiency and capacity of whole system



To save the investment at the beginning of LTE

UE

eNB

UE initiate service E-RAB Initial

Only VoIP E-RAB

Handover to dedicate frequency according to service

Y

HO Measurement Measurement Configuration

F1

Event A4 Measure Report

F2

HO Decision HO Execute

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Distance Based Measurement Trigger

Note: The neighbor distance with exceed a threshold is considered as abnormal neighbor which can not be configured in NRT Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page49

UL Quality Based Measurement Trigge r F1

1. MCS < MCS_threshold (5QPSK 1/3) IBLER > IBLER threshold (20%)

2. Sends target cell and instructs UE to initiate GAP measurement

2

1

4

3. Sends GAP measurement F2 report to the eNodeB

3

4. Instruct UE to HO



1. eNodeB evaluates MCS and IBLER of uplink



2. eNdodeB triggers inter-frequency measurement



3. UE report inter-frequency measurement result



4. HO is trigged by eNodeB

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Measurement Activation/Deactivatio n

Measurement Activate 

Measurement Deactivate

After eNodeB receive the report of A2/A1, it will act ivate or stop inter-frequency measurement via another RRC reconfiguration message.

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Inter-frequency Handover Report Ev ent 

For coverage based scenario: 

A3/A4/A5 can be used to trigger inter-frequency HO, dec ided by InterFreqHoEventType parameter



For the other scenario: 



Only A4 event can be used

A5 event is recommend

to prevent pingpong handover

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Event A3 

Event A3 in inter-frequency handovers uses the same s et of parameters with that in intra-frequency handove rs, except the offset and frequency-specific offset. 

Enter condition: Mn + Ofn + Ocn – Hys > Ms + Ofs + Ocs + A3Off



Leave condition: Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Ms + Ofs + Ocs + A3Off

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Event A4/A5



A4 enter condition: Mn + Ofn + Ocn – Hys > Specific A4 Threshold



A4 leave condition: Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Specific A4 Threshold



A5 enter condition: Mn + Ofn + Ocn – Hys > Specific A4 Threshold

and

Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Hys < Specific A2 Threshold 

A5 leave condition: Mn + Ofn + Ocn – Hys < Specific A4 Threshold s + Ofs + Ocs + Hys > Specific A1Threshold

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or M

Relevant Configuration – Common P arameters

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Relevant Configuration – QCI Base d Threshold A1/A2 parameters

A4 parameters

Frequency based A1/A2 configuration

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Relevant Configuration – Special A1A2 Threshold Special A2 threshold for FDD/TDD target

Special A1/A2 threshold for coverage based blind handover

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Contents 1. Technical Description 2. Intra-frequency Handover Description 3. Inter-frequency Handover Description 4. Inter-RAT Handover Description

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Inter-RAT Handover Procedure Measurement Triggers (Coverage Based) UE Reporting Event A2 to trigger inter-frequency measurement based on coverage

Measurement

eNodeB Makes Decision

GAP-Assisted Measurement

Event Triggered Periodical Reporting To be considered to make decision:

Event Triggered Periodical Reporting B1/B2 (for U/G/C)

Single or both of RSRP /

RSCP or Ec/No for UMTS Rx_Level for GSM Pilot Strength for CDMA2000

eNodeB Performs Handover Admission Procedure Signaling Procedure Execution Retry Mechanism (attempt to next target cell in measurement report list) if

RSRQ monitored to trigger

admission or handover

IF measurement

failure

Stop measuring when Event A1 is met

Measurement Trigger

Measurement Phase

Decision Phase

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Execution Handover

Measurement Trigger 



Coverage based: 

The same as inter-frequency handover, use event A2/A1



Enhanced A1A2 threshold for UTRAN and GERAN (eRAN6.0 enhancement)

Load based/Distance based/UL quality based 



The same as inter-frequency handover

Service based 

In a service-based handover, the eNodeB hands over a UE to anothe r system based on the type of the service running on the InterRat HoStateUE.



The applicability of handover is set through the parameter, whose values are MUST_HO, NO_HO, and PERMIT_HO.

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Service Based HO Configuration

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Measurement Object System

Object RSCP

UMTS

Parameters InterRATHoUtranB1ThdRSCP for coverage-based handovers LdSvBasedHoUtranB1ThdRSCP for load and service-based handovers

Ec/No

InterRATHoUtranB1ThdEcN0 for coverage-based handovers LdSvBasedHoUtranB1ThdECN0 for load- and service-based handovers

GERAN

RSSI

cdma2000

Pilot Strength

InterRATHoGeranB1Thd for coverage-based handovers LdSvBasedHoGeranB1Thd for load and servicebased handovers InterRATHoCDMAB1ThdPS for coverage-based handovers

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Inter-RAT Handover Event 

For coverage based scenario: 

B1 and B2 can be used and decided by InterRatHoEventTyp

e 

For the other scenario: 

Only B1 is supported

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B1/B2 Event



B1 enter condition: Mn + Ofn – Hys > Specific B1 Threshold



B1 leave condition: Mn + Ofn + Hys < Specific B1 Threshold



B2 enter condition: Mn + Ofn – Hys > Specific B1 Threshold and Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Hys < Spe cific A2 Threshold



B2 leave condition: Mn + Ofn – Hys < Specific B1 Threshold or Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Hys > Spec ific A2 Threshold

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Inter-RAT HO Common Configuration

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Report Configuration – Common A1A 2

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Report Configuration – Dedicated A2 For RAT

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Report Configuration – GSM & UMTS

GSM

UMTS

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Handover Execution

LTE PS

2G(GPRS)/3G PS LTE VOIP

PS handover

2G/3G CS LTE PS SRVCC

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GSM PS

CCO/NACC

E-UTRAN to UTRAN CS/PS Steering 

Application scenarios: Multiple frequencies are deployed in UT RAN to separate CS/PS traffic. The function will be applied du ring inter_RAT handover to UTRAN and CSFB to UTRAN scenario



Feature benefit: We can set the UTRAN frequency priority based on the service type (CS or PS) 

In case of measurement based handover: eNodeB just deliver the hi gh priority frequency for UE measurement based on service type so that UE doen’t need to measure all frequencies.



In case of blind handover: eNodeB selects the target with high fr equency priority based on service type.

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How to Enable the Feature 

Activate the feature in the license, the control item is “E-UTRAN to UTRAN CS/PS Steering”



Turn on relevant switch: 

Prerequisite

switches should be turned on, including

“UtranPsHoSwitch” and “UtranCsfbSwitch” ; If blind handover is used, one additional switch “BlindHoSwitc h” should be turned on as well 

Turn on the dedicated switch for steering: “FreqLayerS wtich”

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Relevant MML – Algorithm Switch CSFB switch for CS steering

Generic switch for UTRAN PS handover and blind handover

Switch for PS/CS steering Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page72

Relevant MML – CS/PS Steering riority

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P

LTE-GSM/UMTS PS Handover Flow

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LTE – GSM/UMTS SRVCC Flow

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LTE – GSM CCO/NACC Flow

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Summary 

The typical handover application scenario



The procedure of handover



Event type used for each handover



Relevant parameters

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Abbreviations 

CCO: Cell Change Order



CIO: Cell Individual Offset



NACC: Network Assistant Cell Change



SRVCC: Single Radio Voice Call Continuity

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