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10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
Part 1
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
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I thank you for… I Thank you for:
• Muting the cell phones… – If you got that important call, just walk out of the classroom and get it without interrupting the class.
• No texting, messaging, pictures, recording, filming… • No phones at hand during tests and reviews. • No computers open during class. • Asking your questions if you got lost, or didn’t understand, or didn’t listen well. Clear up your doubts before we move on… – The instructor comes here to make sure you end up knowing about pressure control. Help him out in doing so!
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Contents – Part 1 • Introduction
– Quick Test Sub
• Safety
– Tool Trap
– General / WellSetup
– Lubricator
– Always/Never
– Quick unions
– H2S
– Tool Catcher
• Pressure
– Grease tubes
– Manufacturer’s / On the job
– Stuffing-Box – Line wiper
• Equipment
– Quick Test Sub
– X-Tree
– Greases
– Adapters
– Hoses
– Pump-In Sub – Wireline Valve - WLV
• Hands-On – Full PPE required
– Manifold
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Contents – Part 2 • Hydraulic Panel and Grease
• Abnormal Operations:
– Hoses
– Seal loss
– Hoses - Connections
– Loose Strand
– Control Panel
– Cable knot – Hydrate Formation
• Maintenance
– Broken O-ring
– Level I, II, and III
• Pressure Test - Base
– Tool stuck
• Pressure Test - Field
– Stuck at surface
• Seals - Threads • Field Operations: – Job planning. – Job execution.
– Broken weak Point – Cased Hole Fishing
• Final Test (80%)
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Introduction • Why do we need pressure control equipment? – To intervene in wells that have or may have pressure at their well head. – To provide a safe manner to contain well fluids at surface and to guarantee an absolute seal so well fluids will not escape to the environment.
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Introduction Open Hole:
Cased Hole:
Pressure at the head it is not expected.
Pressure IS expected at the job. The eqpt. Is meant to control the pressure present at the job. There are no means to control pressure at the wellsite.
Equipment is just a precaution There are means at the well to control pressure
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Introduction
Ph MORE THAN Pr -- OVERBALANCE --
Ph = 0 psi
Ph = Depth (ft) x Mud Weight (ppg) x 0.052 Ph LESS THAN Pr -- UNDERBALANCE -Ph = 8,100 psi
Pr = 8,000 psi |<
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Introduction
X-Tree Tubing Annular Casing
Hanger Packer Liner Perfs
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Introduction
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Introduction
Grease head: Prevents the well pressure to escape to the atmosphere.
Lubricators: Contain the tool while the well head is opened and closed.
Control Module: Provides the grease to seal the well pressure and hydraulic pressure to operate the equipment.
WLV: Seals the well pressure over the cable. It has to be used only on a stopped cable. Adapter: Connects the pressure control equipment to the well head. 10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
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SAFETY IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY NO DAMAGE TO PERSONNEL, EQUIPMENT, ENVIRONMENT OR OPERATION AS A DIRECT RESULT OF JOB PLANNING AND PREVENTION ATTITUDE • Always number 1 priority. • Know what you do. If you don’t or doubt, ask. • Take the time you need to do things right. Do not take shortcuts. • The equipment weighs a lot. Take care of your back and limbs when handling it. • Use the equipment according to its specifications. Never exceed them. • Know the maintenance of YOUR equipment.
• Always use the Personal Protection Equipment. • Test the pressure control equipment before each job. • Don’t spill fluids. Use absorbent carpets and buckets. Keep the location clean and tidy. • Always do a safety meeting prior to the job. Establish one on one communication 10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
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SAFETY – Well setup • H2S detectors to be placed downwind and at a low level. Place equipment perpendicular to the wind.
wind
• Check the WLV before the job. • Check the pressure control equipment before opening the well. • Do not smoke. • NEVER test an equipment with gases, diesel, or fuels.
H2S detector
• Wellsite test with water or glycol (or a mix). • Pressure test with guns NOT advised. • Wellsite test with well fluid is NOT advised even if there is no H2S.
WIND Control Panel Logging Unit
Wellhead Air Hose
• Test with Methanol is also NOT advised. The client can perform it. • Wellsite Test pressure is 1.2 x Max. expected pressure for at least 5 minutes.
Air Compressor s. 5 - p. 1/5
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SAFETY – Always/Never • Always a Tool Catcher or Tool Trap have to be always present in the equipment. • Always work with daylight or excellent illumination. • Always count the number of turns of the X-tree valves. • Never cross lines of fire when operating the equipment. • Never exceed the working pressure (WP) of the pressure control equipment in the field. • Never exceed the test pressure (TP) at the base. • Never cut • Never stamp or mark • Never weld
s. 5 - p. 1/5
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SAFETY - H2S H2S: Sour Gas – Hydrogen Sulphide • Direct Risk: Poisoning • Indirect Risk: H2S attacks and weakens metals, reducing its original specifications to withstand pressure. • Characteristics: – No color, Inflammable. – Heavier than air, it settles down in confined environments and wells. – As toxic as cyanide. – Although in very low concentrations it has an offensive odor, DO NOT USE THE SENSE OF SMELL TO DETECT IT. The H2S kills the sense of smell before reaching mortal concentrations.
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SAFETY - H2S •Toxicity: – Sub Acute Poisoning: Irritation, smarting of the eyes, persistent cough, tightening and burning of the chest. Recovery is usually complete. – Acute Poisoning: asphyxia, cramps, paralysis of the pupil. Might be fatal if the victim is not ventilated and cared for soon.
In high concentrations, a single breath may cause poisoning and death. Protective gear (SCBA, umbilical) is mandatory ABOVE 10 ppm in atmosphere. SCBA means Self Contained Breathing Apparatus.
Masks with air filters just won’t work...
s. 5 - p. 6/12
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SAFETY - H2S
s. 5 - p. 6/12
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SAFETY - H2S • Effects on the equipment: – Corrosive Attack: Produces iron sulfide (FeS) and carbonic acid when combined with water.
1”
– Carbide Attack: The H2S produces methane that leaves voids inside the metal – Hydrogen of the H2S gets inside the metal, expands its volume and makes the metal crack.
• The H2S effect is cumulative and exposing the equipment to low concentrations will make the effects show up after some time.
0,8”
s. 5 - p. 6/12
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EQPT. - Definitions • Work and Test Pressure: – Working Pressure (WP): That’s the maximum pressure never to be exceeded when operating the equipment. – Test Pressure (TP): A pressure higher than WP, that has to be applied only at the pressure test bay, to ensure correct operation at the WP. – Service: It’s the ability of the equipment to withstand H2S (H2S-Acid-Sour-NACE MR0175) or not (Standard-Sweet).
WP 10KPSI – TP 15KPSI – H2S - DY83-2 TP 15KPSI – 11-28-06
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Safety Band
Maximum pressure allowed for killing the well: 5,000 psi 834 psi difference, 20% of the WHP Well Head Pressure: 4,166 psi
Equipment WP 5,000 psi
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EQPT. - Definitions • Wellhead Pressure and Maximum Potential: – Well Head Pressure (WHP): It is the pressure present at the wellhead at the moment that the job is performed. It is used to OPERATE the equipment. – Maximum Expected Well Head Pressure (MEWHP): That’s the maximum pressure that might appear during an operation, even if it is not there when starting the job. It is used to PLAN the operation. – Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP): Is the pressure not to be exceeded during a particular operation. It is the pressure at which the equipment was tested at the wellsite prior to the job.
WHP |
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EQPT. - Adapters
WP of 3K and 5K Check with manufacturer, some don’t say the WP!
• Use just one adapter, don’t use X/O between threads sizes. • Just 2-3 lines of Teflon. • Preferably API 5A3 grease (pipe dope). • Inspect thread wearing. • Do not apply excessive mechanical load. • Right torque about 2 turns above hand tight.
• Dimensions designed by API. • It’s only safe if all the bolts of the right size are on. • Used for High Pressure. • Bolts hand tight first, then make tight. with wrench • Bolts are adjusted always crossways.
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EQPT. - Adapters
Described in the API 6B bulletin. Series classification (not used today), assigns to each series a WP
You need to know three things to choose the right flange: •WP •Nominal Size •Ring Type
Series
WP
status
300 400 600 900 1500 2900 type 6BX type 6BX
720 psi 960 psi 2,000 psi 3,000 psi 5,000 psi 10,000 psi 10,000 psi 15,000 psi
obsolete obsolete
obsolete
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EQPT. – Flange Table
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EQPT. – Flange Table
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EQPT. – Flange Table
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EQPT. – Flange Table
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EQPT. – Flange Table
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EQPT. – Flange Table
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EQPT. – Flange Table
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EQPT. – Flange Table
s. 7 - p. 26
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EQPT. – Pump-In Sub
• Allows to inject fluids at high rates into the well. • Connection is called 2” WECO 1502 or 2” fig 1502. • Maintenance is critical. As it is placed below the WLV, there is no way to access it if there is pressure at the well. • With threaded lateral entry, check that is fully screwed in and adjusted to the manufacturer’s torque. • The valve is known by several names: ¼ Turn - 1x2 - 2x1 - Lotor - Low Torque - Weco Valve - Plug Valve – Halco Valve – Anson Valve. • The valve is to be stored and greased up in the OPEN position s. 7 - p. 27/37
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EQPT. – Pump-In Sub
3K-5K-10Kpsi Equipment
• All PCEs of 3K, 5K and 10K WP are fitted with 2” fig 1502. • 2” fig 602 and 2” fig 1002 can get screwed in PERFECTLY into each other.
s. 7 - p. 27/37
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EQPT – Hammer Lug Connections
Different models of Hammer-Lug connections
VERY WRONG: connection between 2” fig 1502 pin and 2” fig 602 box
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EQPT. - WLV Wire Line Valve (WLV) • Manual or hydraulic. • Used to repair the cable under pressure. • Always close the upper one first. • Grease may be injected to improve gas sealing. • RAM’s seal is chosen according to cable size. • WLV’s RAMS may be inspected after every job. • DO NOT OPERATE ON A MOVING CABLE
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EQPT. - WLV
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EQPT. - WLV
Standard Plates Guides Ram
Quad Ram
Integral Guides Ram
s. 7 - p. 38/59
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EQPT. - WLV Quad Ram
Integral Guides Ram s. 7 - p. 38/59
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EQPT. - WLV MANUAL VALVE WITH SINGLE RAM – Manufactured for 5,000 psi, limit its use to 3,000 psi. – Used mostly with 15/32” wireline – Slow manual cycle.
s. 7 - p. 38/59
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Equipment - WLV
Ouberta
Fechada
• Drum
Panel s. 7 - p. 38/59 P-M
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O-C
EQPT. - WLV
Open
Closed
WLV Operates with 1,200 psi Hydr. Press. s. 7 - p. 38/59
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EQPT. - WLV
• When closing the RAMs a continuous sealing is created. • The valve seals under pressure in only one direction. The outer seal must be directed to the zone of lower pressure.
Correct Position
Incorrect Position s. 7 - p. 55
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EQPT. - WLV • Seal in a Gas Well
Grease Injection 20% over Well Head Pressure
With SlickLine there is no migration of the gas through the wire. There is no need for double WLV s. 7 - p. 56 |<
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EQPT. - WLV
• Triple valve – For Gas wells – Always used with upper (1) and lower (3) RAM. – The Middle RAM (2) is used as backup.
TO CLOSE 1 – Upper Ram 2 – Lower Ram 3 – Inject grease 4 – ONLY IF NEEDED, close Middle Ram and redirect grease
TO OPEN 1 – Equalize all 2 – Lower Ram 3 –Middle Ram 4 – Upper Ram
s. 7 - p. 58
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EQPT. - WLV If the valve is operated with a pressure difference, the seal will get damaged due to the high fluid velocity.
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EQPT. - Manifold Equalizing Valve
Manifold • It must be open as the WLV valve is closed. Then it is closed. • It must be opened before opening the valve. • During normal operation valves 4 and 2 must be kept closed to avoid gassing the hose.
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EQPT - Manifold
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EQPT - Manifold
Valve Closed. The pressure in the bottom channel does not reach the center of the valve.
Valve Open. The pressure is connected to the center channel.
Valve Overturned. The teflon packing is squeezed out of its chamber and will clog the valve. The needle might get expelled out.
s. 7 - p. 70
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EQPT. - Manifold
Kerotest Valve
Packing Needle Seat
Pressure Flow
Pressure Flow
With the valve open, the pressure is retained only by the packing.
With the valve closed, the pressure is retained by the needle, the packing is not exposed to pressure.
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EQPT. - Manifold
MANOMETER
A
B
TOP RAM
B
A DUMP
C
C D
GREASE INJ.
D BOTT. RAM.
E
GLYCOL INJ.
E
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EQPT. - Manifold
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Eqpt. - Manifold L C 1 2
EQPT. - Manifold • Normal operation: – A: Open / B, C, D, E: Closed
• When closing upper RAM (skip if not needed): – A, C, D: Open / B, E: Closed
A
• Once the upper RAM was closed: B
– C: Is closed. A and D stay open, B, C, and E closed.
• When closing lower RAM: – E: Is opened. A, D, and E stay open, B and C closed.
C
• Once the lower RAM is closed: – E is closed. A and D open, B, C, and E closed.
D
• When injecting grease: – The injected grease goes through D filling the cavity of the valve. Valve A open allows reading the pressure inside the lubricator. When opening B valve, the pressure will bleed off through the ‘DUMP’ port.
E
• In order to open all of the RAMs (WITH A CLOSED LUBRICATOR) – Close B. Open E, D, C (slowly), A. Open the RAMs. s. 7 - p. 63/75
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EQPT. - Manifold
MANOMETER
A B
B
A DUMP
C
C D
D
GREASE INJ.
GLYCOL INJ.
E
E
F
F s. 7 - p. 63/75
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EQPT. - Manifold
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Eqpt. - Manifold L C 1 2 3
EQPT. – CamLock Hydrolex WLV
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Eqpt. – WLV Considerations WLV Transport: • If you can see the piston lock (safety screw), then transport the WLV closed. • If the piston lock (safety screw) is protected, then transport the WLV open. • Needle valves with handles must be transported and stored closed.
WLV Maintenance: • The WLV is the first part of the equipment that needs to be tested upon arrival to the location. • Rams should be open and inspected before/after each job. • WLV Manifold connections are ½” NPT (some older/other brands BOPs could be a different size)
Multiline RAMs: • 5/16” only up to 10KWP. • 15/32” up to 5KWP.
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EQPT. - Quick Test Sub
1) Eqpt. Is tested without guns in the inside
2) Lube is open at the QTS (the other seals stay untouched.
3) QTS is closed and pressure is applied only to that connection
Close before opening the well
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EQPT. - Tool Trap • Manual, Hydraulic or Combined • Check the flapper for wear.
Hydraulic Cylinder
• Check the flapper moves freely. Handle Flapper
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EQPT. - Lubricator
– Standard lengths are 4,6,8,10 and 12 feet. – ID should be 0.15” to 0.25” larger than the tool maximum OD. – The minimum length is the tool length plus 3 feet. – Do not use wrenches or spanners on the Lightweight lubes. – Do not attempt to disassembly Lightweight lubes connections without the proper tools. – Quick Union are to be hand tight. Do not back-off.
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EQPT. – Lightweight Lube – No more than 3 with slickline. – No more than 60 feet lifted from the floor. – Use only the special maintenance tools for it. – Proper torque is 500 lbft.
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EQPT. – Quick Unions • The ring makes the seal, NOT the thread.
OTIS BOWEN
• Named by Elmar as E01, 02…, B01, 02…, etc.. • The full denomination means…: – 5KWP – H2S - 3”ID – BOWEN 4 3/4” - 4 ACME - (3.750”)
ELMAR 6 1/8” - 4x2 ACME - (4.750”) This is indicating a double entry thread. DL or 4x2 may be used. s. 7 - p. 120/124
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EQPT. – Bowen Quick Unions Elmar Code
Thread Size
TPI
Seal Diam. Diam.
Nomin al OD
WP
Service
O-Ring
BUBURing
BUBU-Ring Retainer
B01
4 3/4
4
3 3/4
3
5K
H2S
L-870470
N/A
N/A
B02
6 5/16
4
4 3/8
3
10K
H2S
L-870520
L-873700
N/A
B03
6 5/16
4
3 3/4
2.5
15K
H2S
L-870470
L-974535
L-873170
B04
5 1/2
4x2
4 3/8
3
5K
H2S
L-870520
N/A
N/A
B06
7
5
4.375
3
15K
H2S
L-870520
L-974603
L-873260
B07
8 1/4
4x2
6
4
10K
H2S
L-870690
L-875340
N/A
B08
7
5
5.25
4
5K
H2S
L-875560
N/A
N/A
B09
8 1/4
4x2
6 3/4
5.5
5K
H2S
L-870850
N/A
N/A
B10
9 5/32
4x2
6 3/4
5.5
10K
H2S
L-870850
L-876160
N/A
B11
9 7/8
4x2
8
6.38
5K
H2S
L-873120
N/A
N/A
B12
4 3/4
4
3 3/4
3
10K
STD
L-870470
L-873660
N/A
B13
5 1/2
4x2
4 3/8
3
10K
STD
L-870520
L-873700
N/A
B14
4 1/16
4
3
2
5K
H2S
L-870430
N/A
N/A
B15
10 5/8
4
7 1/2
5.63
10K
H2S
L-870720
L-870021
N/A
B16
4 1/2
4
3
2
10K
H2S
L-870430
L-873630
N/A
B17
8 7/8
4x2
6 1/2
5
10K
STD
L-873280
L-875540
N/A
B18
13
4
9.5
7.06
10K
H2S
L-874008
L-874009
N/A
B19
8 7/8
4x2
5 1/2
4
15K
H2S
L-873270
L-980815
L-871029
B20
6
4x2
4.875
3.38
5K
H2S
L-870550
N/A
N/A BN46380/1 15
B21
12
2
7.5
5.125
20K
H2S
L-870720
BN227/28 5
B22
8 3/4
4
6 1/2
5
10K
H2S
L-873280
N/A
N/A
B23
7
5
4.75
3
10K
H2S
L-870540
L-873720
N/A
B24
8 1/4
4
6 5/8
5.125
10K
H2S
L-871130
L-873860
N/A
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Comments
12”-2 ACME Stub
EQPT. – Bowen Quick Unions BUBU-Ring
Elmar Code
Thread Size
TPI
Seal Diam.. Diam
Nomin al OD
WP
Service
O-Ring
BUBURing
Retain er N/A
O01
5
4
3 1/2
3
5K
STD
L-870310
N/A
O02
5 3/4
4
4
3
10K
H2S
L-870490
L-873680
N/A
O03
6 1/4
4
4
2.5
15K
H2S
L-870490
L-974353
L-873260 N/A
O04
6 1/2
4
4 3/4
4
10K
STD
L-870540
L-873720
O05
6 1/2
4
5 1/5
4
5K
STD
L-873140
N/A
N/A
O06
7 1/2
4
5 1/2
3
15K
H2S
L-870580
L-974602
L-876260
O07
8 1/4
4
6 1/5
5
5K
H2S
L-870710
N/A
N/A
O08
8 3/8
4
5 1/4
4
10K
H2S
L-875560
L-875570
N/A
O09
8 3/4
4
7 1/2
6.38
5K
STD
L-870720
N/A
N/A
O10
9
4
6 3/4
5
10K
H2S
L-870850
L-876160
N/A
O11
9 1/2
4
6 1/4
4
15K
H2S
L-872560
L-977411
L-871005
O12
9 1/2
4
8
6.38
5K
H2S
L-873120
N/A
N/A
O13
11 1/2
4
8 1/4
6.38
10K
H2S
L-876060
L-876070
N/A
O14
12
4
10 1/3
9
5K
H2S
L-872440
N/A
N/A
O15
12 1/4
4
7
5
15K
H2S
L-875810
L-982000
L-873150
O16
5
4
3 1/2
3
5K
H2S
L-870310
N/A
N/A
O17
6 1/2
4
4 3/4
4
5K
H2S
L-870540
N/A
N/A
O18
7 1/2
4
5 1/2
4.5
10K
H2S
L-870580
L-873760
N/A
O19
6 1/2
4
4 3/4
3
10K
H2S
L-870540
L-873720
N/A
O20
5
4
3 1/2
2.5
15K
STD
L-870460
L-976083
L-875640
O21
5
4
3 1/2
3
10K
STD
L-870310
L-873570
N/A
O22
8 1/4
4
6 1/5
5.12
10K
H2S
L-870710
L-875001
N/A
O23
6
4
4 7/8
4
5K
H2S
L-870550
N/A
N/A
O24
9 1/2
4
7 1/4
5.5
10K
H2S
O25
9 1/2
4x2
7 1/2
6.38
10K
H2S
L-870720
L-870021
N/A
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
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71
Quick Unions – Elmar type Elmar Code
Thread Size
TPI
Seal Diam. Diam.
Nominal OD
WP
Service
O-Ring
BUBU-Ring
BUBU-Ring Retainer
E01
5 1/2
4
3 1/2
2.50
15K
H2S
L-870460
L-979800
L-870137
Peco
E02
19
4
10 5/6
7.06
15K (HT)
H2S
L-874013
L-980072
L-875042
Shearwater
E03
8 3/4
4
5
3.00
15K (HT)
H2S
L-872190
L-980160
L-870165
Shearwater
Comments
E04
6 3/4
4
5 3/8
4.892
5K
STD
L-870610
N/A
N/A
Obsolete SLIMLINE - 5 1/2" 17# P-110 Body - 5 1/2-8 ACME Stub – Downrated to 3K WP in some companies
E05
9
4
7 1/2
6.765
5K
STD
L-870660
N/A
N/A
Obsolete SLIMLINE - 7 5/8" 33.7# P-110 Body 7 5/8-8 ACME Stub – Downrated to 3K WP in some companies
E06
4 3/4
4
3 3/4
3
10K
H2S
L-870470
L-873660
N/A
Lightweigth Union – NON PREFERRED as it is compatible with B01 rated 5K. Use E09 SLIMLINE - 7 5/8" 33.7# P-110 Body - 7 9/16-5 ACME Stub machined OD
E07
8 1/2
4
7 1/4
6.765
3K
STD
L-870840
N/A
N/A
E08
8 3/4
4
6 1/2
5
10K
H2S
L-870630
L-873790
N/A
Hydrolex
E09
4 3/4
4x2
3 3/4
3
10K
H2S
L-870470
L-873660
N/A
3" ID Lighweight Union - PREFERRED
E12
6 1/8
4x2
4 3/4
4.06
10K
H2S
L-870540
L-873720
N/A
4.06" Lighweight Union
E13
3 3/4
8
2 1/2
-
10K
H2S
L-875630
L-872700
N/A
TC/BCV Connection
E14
9
4
7 1/2
6.62
5K
H2S
L-870660
N/A
N/A
SLIMLINE
E21
9 3/8
4
7 3/4
6.67
5K
H2S
L-870006
N/A
N/A
SLIMLITE 7 5/8” OD
E22
6 7/8
4
5 5/8
4.892
5K
H2S
L-870590
N/A
N/A
SLIMLITE 5 1/2” OD
E25
8 1/2
4
7 1/4
6.765
3K
H2S
L-870840
N/A
N/A
SLIMLINE HX
E28
11 1/4
4
9 4/9
8.5
5K
STD
L-870306
N/A
N/A
SLIMLINE HX (Same as H06)
E30
9 1/2
4
5 1/2
4.06
20K
H2S
L8701008706
L9701008692
L-871029
New 20K Quick Union based on O11
E31
6 1/2
4
5 5/8
4.892
3K
H2S
L-870590
N/A
N/A
4.892” ID FFP 3K H2S
E32
7 7/8
4x2
6 1/8
5.125
10K
H2S
L-873040
L-872080
N/A
5 1/8” Ligero
E33
8
4
6 4/5
6.36
3K
H2S
L-872450
N/A
N/A
6.36" ID FFP 3K H2S
E35
7 4/5
4
6 5/6
6.456
2K
H2S
L-870650
N/A
N/A
6.456" ID FFP 2K H2S
s. 7 - p. 120/124
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EQPT. - Tool Catcher • Catches the tool with no hydraulic pressure applied. • ELMAR: Multicatch from 1” to 1 3/4”, and 1 3/16” a 2 5/16”. • ELMAR: Allows quick change from slickline operations to wireline. • ELMAR: Up to a 1 1/2” head can be threaded through it. • Combined with a Ball Check Valve. • The Ball Check Valve acts when the cable is lost.
Multicatch
Single Size s. 7 - p. 137/152
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EQPT. - Tool Catcher
s. 7 - p. 137/152
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EQPT. - Tool Catcher
s. 7 - p. 137/152
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75
Eqpt. – Ball Check Valve Ball Check Valve When the weak point breaks, the cable is blown out of the well. When moving out of the Tool Catcher, the flow pushes the ball blocking the communication between the well and the atmosphere.
s. 7 - p. 67/69 |<
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
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<
>
76
>|
EQPT. - Tool Catcher
The ELMAR quick union allows to change from slickline to wireline without cutting and rebuilding of heads. By removing the 2 inner sleeves, a head up to 1 ½” can be threaded from the top of the Tool Catcher.
s. 7 - p. 137/152
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
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77
EQPT. - Tool Catcher
7/8” 1.0” 1 3/16” 1 3/8” 1 3/4” 2 5/16”
s. 7 - p. 139
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
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78
EQPT. – Grease Tubes Concentric flow tube 14” long
Flow tube insert Grease layer Cable
Insert. The cable goes through it BCV s. 7 - p. 204/222
TC
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
79
EQPT. – Grease Tubes
To the Atmosphere
Atmospheric Pressure
WHP (P) 1,2 x P
Grease Return
G 1 Concentric tube each: - 2000 psi oil - 1500 psi gas Starting at MEWHP + 20%
re as e
Fl ow
Grease Injection
Well
G re
as e
Fl ow
1 tube between injection and the well
BCV MEWHP
TC s. 7 - p. 204/222
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
80
EQPT. – Grease Tubes •Inserts ID must be between 0.003” and 0.008” larger than the cable OD. •The older, more worn inserts must go farther from the well. •Injection is always one tube above the well. •With gas, 2 injections (above tube 1 and tube 2) might be necessary. The injections must come from different pumps. •Always a check valve at the injection point. •If the inserts are worn out, more of them have to used and more grease has to be injected in order to achieve seal. Above a certain wearing, no seal will be achieved. •If there is no pressure at the well head, grease has to be injected to lubricate tubes and cable. MEWHP (psi) upto
Dp/t
2000
Tubes 3 4
OIL
1500 GAS 3333 5000
2500 3750
5
6667
5000
6 7 8 9
8333 8333 10000 11667
6250 7500 7500 8750
10 11
12500
10000 11250
12
Single Injection one tube above the well Double Injection above tubes 1 and 2
12500 s. 7 - p. 204/222
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
81
EQPT. – Enviro Stuffing Box Hydraulic connection for StuffingBox
By placing the Line Wiper BELOW the Stuffing Box, only one hose is needed for both the grease from the wiper and the return. Stuffing-Box (3,000 psi hydr. Maximum 5,000 psi) Line Wiper (300-900 psi hydr. Maximum 3,000 psi)
VERIFY THAT THE CONNECTIONS FOR THE STUFFING BOX AND THE LINE WIPER ARE THE RIGHT ONES.
Hydraulic connection for Line Wiper
Single Grease Outlet s. 7 - p. 223/241
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
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82
EQPT. - Stuffing Box The Stuffing Box makes a continuous seal around the cable if the grease seal is lost. Never operate on a moving cable. When opening, always go down a few feet, to verify that the cable is free. It may take more than 30 seconds to open.
Grease cleaned by the Line Wiper. Hydraulic pressure to close
Grease return
Stuffing Box: Operates up to 5,000 psi of hydraulic, use at 3,000 psi. Line Wiper: Operates up to 3,000 psi of hydraulic, , use between 300 to 900 psi.
s. 7 - p. 223/241
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
83
EQPT. – Line wiper
Line Wiper Bell / Regal •Lower thread is 2” Line Pipe •Whilst the body is built for a WP of 5,000 psi, not to be used to retain pressure. •The hydraulic line may be operated up to 3,000 psi. However, it should clean the cable between 300 and 900 psi. •Must be closed slowly until the cable comes up clean. •With proper adapters, can be used as pressure control in back-off, pipe recovery, tubing cutters, or tubing correlations.
s. 7 - p. 223/241
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
84
Eqpt. – SB and LW
Old Type SB-LW
Enviro Type SB-LW
Line Wiper
Stuffing-Box Line Wiper Return
Line Wiper
Stuffing-Box
Stuffing-Box Grease return
Stuffing-Box Grease return s. 7 - p. 223/241
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
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85
Eqpt. – SL Stuffing Box
• To seal Slickline (single wires of 0.082”, 0.092”, 0.108” and 0.125) a Stuffing-Off is used. • Sealing is done through a compressed rubber gasket (up to 10K) or with a grease seal (15K) • The mounted Sheave Wheel is 16”
s. 7 - p. 173/204
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EQPT. - Greases • They produce the sealing between the cable and the flow tubes. • They lubricate the cable – Take the H2S inhibitors. • They are polibutene greases. • Viscosity from 3,000 to 25,000 cps. Optimal is 10,000 cps at usage temperature. • Low Toxicity - Biodegradable - Inert - Insoluble with well fluids
• Chevron Altavis, BP Hyvis, Caltex LDS Special, Oil Center Research Liquid-O-Ring 780, Champion Polibutene Multigrade (GB), Elmar Seal (Polibutene and OCR) are the most common brands. s. 7 - p. 242/247
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EQPT. – Hoses High Pressure Grease (10,000 psi)
Hydraulic Control (5,000 psi) Stuffing Box. Closes with pressure. 3,000 to operate, 5,000 max. NEVER OPERATE ON A MOVING CABLE
Grease Return: Must be tied to a solid part, and have a valve and a T at its end. It may take the grease from the line wiper through a check valve.
Line Wiper: 300 to 900 psi to clean. 3,000 max.
Tool Catcher. Releases the tool with pressure applied (1,200 psi) Grease Injection to the flow tubes: From the Grease pump, must have a check valve at the injection pump. Tool Trap (1,200 psi): •Top: opens •Down: closes Glycol / Grease Injection to the WLV: Done through the manifold ports, with a check valve each.
WLV: Connect before the job and test. Operates with 1,200 psi. NEVER OPERATE ON A MOVING CABLE
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
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10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
Part 2
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
1
Contents – Part 2 • Hydraulic Panel and Grease – Hoses – Hoses - Connections – Control Panel
– Loose Strand
– Hydrate Formation
– Level I, II, and III
Pressure Test - Base Pressure Test - Field Seals - Threads Field Operations: – Job planning. – Job execution.
– Seal loss
– Cable knot
• Maintenance • • • •
• Abnormal Operations:
– Broken O-ring – Tool stuck – Stuck at surface – Broken weak Point – Cased Hole Fishing
• Final Test (80%)
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
2
EQPT. – Hoses High Pressure Grease (10,000 psi)
Hydraulic Control (5,000 psi) Stuffing Box. Closes with pressure. 3,000 to operate, 5,000 max. NEVER OPERATE ON A MOVING CABLE
Grease Return: Must be tied to a solid part, and have a valve and a T at its end. It may take the grease from the line wiper through a check valve.
Line Wiper: 300 to 900 psi to clean. 3,000 max.
Tool Catcher. Releases the tool with pressure applied (1,200 psi) Grease Injection to the flow tubes: From the Grease pump, must have a check valve at the injection pump. Tool Trap (1,200 psi): •Top: opens •Down: closes Glycol / Grease Injection to the WLV: Done through the manifold ports, with a check valve each.
WLV: Connect before the job and test. Operates with 1,200 psi. NEVER OPERATE ON A MOVING CABLE
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
3
Hydraulic Panel and Grease • It provides the grease pressure necessary for the seal. • It provides hydraulic pressure for the operation of the equipment parts. • It has two hydraulic manual pumps, a 3,000 psi one and a High Pressure one.
s. 8 - p. 1/81
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
4
Hydraulic Panel and Grease • Connect all the hoses to the equipment. Pull them out of the reels or uncoil as the lubricator rises according to the operation. • Once the equipment is setup at the wellhead, check the connections, and leave out of reels the amount needed to operate comfortably. • Verify the level of the grease, hydraulic oil, drain the water separator, and verify the level of both lubricators in the air circuit. • With all knobs in the off position, switches closed, and air regulators fully turned to the left, apply air pressure (120 psi). • Adjust the pressure of the hydraulic system to 2,000 / 3,000 psi (with all closed) and fill up the accumulator. • Adjust the pressure of the hydraulic system to 1,200 / 1,800 psi. The equipment is now ready to operate. • The air supply should be 120 psi, at least 100 cfm.
s. 8 - p. 1/81
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
5
Hoses •Line Wiper – Stuffing Box – Tool Catcher. 3 hoses of 120’ (36.5 mtrs.) in each reel, WP 5,000 psi.
•Tool Trap – Upper WLV. •Middle and bottom WLV. 2 hoses of 75’ (22.8 mtrs) in each reel, WP 5,000 psi
NEVER TURN THE HOSE REEL IF THERE IS PRESSURE APPLIED. •Grease Return. •Grease Injection. 1 hose of 120’ (36.5 mtrs.) in each reel, WP 10,000 psi.
•Grease Injection to WLV manifold. 1 hose of 75’ (22.8 mtrs) in each reel, WP 10,000 psi
s. 8 - p. 58/60
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
6
Hoses - Connections • Greases injection and return hoses are connected with Ultra CPI connectors (also called Huber), linked to the hose through a ½“ NPT thread. The size of the connector is the size of the NPT thread in its back. • If the return hose it is not incorporated to the Elmar module, it must be finished with a valve and a T, as well as being chained to a solid part of the wellhead/rig.
Oring Seal Thread Seal
s. 8 - p. 61/64
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
7
Control Panel
Grease Side
Hydraulic Side
s. 8 - p. 12/55
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
8
Control Panel - Adjustments Open in a normal operation
Pump the least necessary to get the cable clean. Maximum 3,000 psi, should operate between 300 psi and 900 psi Pump to achieve seal. Maximum 5,000 psi, should operate at 3,000 psi
At least well head pressure plus 20%
Valve to prime the lines. CLOSE after setting.
Adjustment
3,000 psi Hand Pump
6K / 10K psi Hand Pump
1,200 / 1,800 psi Adjustment
120 psi
2,000 / 3,000 psi s. 8 - p. 12/55
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
9
Control Panel - Precautions • Do not turn the hose reels with pressure in the hoses. The seal at the shaft will break. • Ensure a continuous air supply. No air, no seal. • Never leave the caps of the reservoirs (grease and hydraulic) open. Water will enter and move to the bottom of the tank, and will be the first to be pumped into the grease / hydraulic circuit. • When operating the hand pumps, remember that the WP of the hydraulic hoses is 5,000 psi. and the High Pressure hand pump can deliver up to 6,000 or 10,000 psi.
s. 8 - p. 12/55
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
10
Maintenance - Levels • Level 1 (Before/After each job) – Cleaning and inspection: Rams, WLV Cylinders, Seals, pins and boxes, Valves. – Lubrication and assembly. – Operational test and pressure test at WP. – Check slings and shackles.
• Level 2 (At least yearly) – Total disassembly and cleaning. – Replacement of all seals, gaskets, and any part that looks worn out – Greasing and assembly. Operational test. – Pressure Test at TP (3 mins. and 15 mins.). Dynamic seals tested at WP during 5 mins.
• Level 3 (At least every 5 years). Major recertification. – Total disassembly and cleaning. – Non Destructive Tests (NDT): Penetrating paints / Magnaflux / Dimensional. – Level 2 maintenance For any part, a repair kit comes ready with all needed seals and gaskets. To order, use the part number (i.e. L-972608, triple WLV) followed by the letter K (for Kit). By asking for L972608K you’ll receive a bag full with all the needed material to replace every single seal when performing maintenance 2 or 3.
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
11
Maintenance – Aux. Equipment 7/32-3/16 SB 7/32-3/16 SB Test Plug Test Rod L-971281 L-972242
Test Plug
SB Test Plug L-972410 Enviro Pl. L-972201 Sp. L-972241
Test Cap BCV Test Plug L-971669 10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
12
Pressure Test - Base
API 6A recommendation (previous)
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
13
Quality assurance – Pressure Testing at TP Pressure testing at TP is one of the critical procedures to ensure proper function of the equipment at WP, as required by L2-L3 maintenance. Pressure test at TP is to be performed at least once a year, although it can be often than that if it is a demanding operation on the equipment. Minimum equipment needed (desirable) for pressure testing is: – Pressure Test Bay closed to people at the moment of the test with proper stands (crane, remote monitoring, video recording and pressure relief door). – Pressure Test Unit (PTU) rated to 20K or 30K with gauge. Chart or digital recorder with less than a year calibration (remote shut down connected to the bay door). – Air gun-rags to dry up the equipment prior to testing. – Test plug and cap. One of them connected to the pressure line of the test pump, the other with a needle valve installed. – Equipment’s individual test plugs, spacers and rods to replace rubber packings in stuffing boxes and line wipers or individual parts that require so. – Oil-water drainage facilities.
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
14
Quality assurance – Pressure Testing at TP Any amount of pieces can be pressure tested together, as long as they are stress free.
X X X X OK
OK
OK
• Setup the parts stress free. Pump In Sub at the center to evacuate the air and to fill up from the water tap. • Before testing pressure up both test caps together up to the TP to ensure the integrity of the test system. • One end cap connected to the PTU, the other end cap with a drain valve. • After all the set is full with water and free of air, pressure test all the lubes in the set 3 +15 mins at TP. 10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
15
Quality assurance – Pressure Testing at TP Next pressure test anything that is not a BOP. Leave the inserts inside the HGT.
• Void the BCV with a strand, leave the grease injection open, and place a valve at the grease return. Install SB Plug and LW Spacer inside the Enviro SB • Fill up with water through the Pump In Sub and evacuate all air. Then close all caps –leave only the grease injection port open- and the SB valve. Now pressure test 3 +15 mins. at TP. Once is all done, pressure test again the grease head 3+15 mins WITHOUT the HGT Inserts. • Then ,make the operational test for the SB rubber with the appropriate rod at WP for 5 mins.
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
16
Quality assurance – Pressure Testing at TP • BOP is left for last. To pressure test the BOP you must look for: -
BOP rams open Safety locks open at all times All manifold valves open Blind plugs in all manifold ports, unless it’s fitted with a check valve, in which case stays open.
• Pressure test 3 + 15 mins at TP. If the cartridge valves at the manifold are leaking, drain the pressure and adjust the valve’s packing without disassembling the valve. Then test again. • Once the test is done, drain the pressure and open all blind plugs. • Next, the rams are to be tested at WP for 5 mins. 10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
17
Quality assurance – Pressure Testing at TP BOP rams pressure test: 5 mins at WP.
For single BOP, feed the water through the bottom, and ensure the test rod is TOPPING against the rams 10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
For double BOP, feed the water through the manifold between both rams.
FEB – 2013 /
18
Quality assurance – Pressure Testing at TP BOP rams pressure test: 5 mins at WP.
For triple BOP, Two tests at WP are needed. • Feed the water through the manifold between rams 2-3. • Pressure test rams 1-3. • Drain the pressure. • Open ram 1, close ram 2. • Pressure test rams 2-3. • Drain the pressure. • Open all the rams.
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
19
Quality assurance – Pressure Testing at TP • BOP manifold valves: 5 mins at WP. As manifolds in BOP change through different brands and models, a specific test has to be designed for each one. The test has to ensure that ALL the valves, at one time or another were closed and the pressure applied to them did not go through. • This might need several applications of pressure, to test all the different sets of valves 5 mins. • Follow manufacturer’s instructions. However, during the ram pressure testing some of the valves may be tested as well, reducing the amount of work for later. • Once done, close with greased up blind plugs all ½” NPT connection ports to protect from corrosion.
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
20
Pressure Test - Base Precautions: • Hoses and fittings pressure tested at 1.5 x WP. • Use a proper pressure bay or area, closed to people at the moment of the test. • Use only water, glycol, water/glycol. • Ensure that all the air has been evacuated from the equipment before applying the Test Pressure (TP). • Ensure there are NO mechanical stress applied to the equipment under testing. • TP can only be applied at the moment of the pressure test, in the pressure test bay.
5
5
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
Barton S/N Date of last Barton calibration
FEB – 2013 /
21
Pressure Test- Field • Equipment is to be always tested before opening the well. • In all cases, pressure should hold with the pressure pump stopped. • Dump all pressure before attempting to repair a leak. • There no small or big leaks. There are NO leaks. • Always test with the tool in the tool catcher, to avoid damaging the cable. • Mount the WLV at the well head, close the Rams on the test rod. • Test its Rams with the rod, at the MEWHP plus 20% during 5 minutes. • Close down the lubricator, get the tool in the catcher. No pressure applied to injection hose, return hose valves open. • Start filling up the equipment with water. When water comes out of the Stuffing Box, stop the filling.
s. 10 - p. 12/14
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
22
Pressure Test - Field • Close SB and return line valve. Pressure up to whatever the cable allows (usualy less than 1,500 psi). • Bleed-off pressure, open valve and SB. • Start the grease injection. It will go up to 20% above the pressure that is used to test the equipment at the field. • Rise the water pressure up to the Maximum Expected Well Head Pressure plus 20% during 5 minutes. Follow the water pressure with the grease pressure. • Hold it with a stopped pump during at least 5 minutes, or the time the client asks if it is more. • Bleed-off pressure in the riser a bit above the WHP. • Open the well counting the turns of the crown valve. • Release the tool from the Catcher. • Open the Tool Trap and run into the hole.
s. 10 - p. 12/14
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
23
Pressure Test - Field PRECAUTIONS: – Test only with water, glycol. – Never use diesel, fuel or gases. – Preferably not to use drilling fluids. – If methanol is at the location, precaution for toxicity and flammability must be taken. – If the client does not want to test at 1.2 x MEWHP, then test at least at WHP. – Never use high volume pumps (such as the mud pump). In just one stroke it may exceed the WP of the equipment. – Bleed-off all pressure before attempting any leak repair.
s. 10 - p. 12/14
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
24
Seals - Orings Oring: Used mostly between static pieces, seals pressure in both direction. If it has a backup ring or an anti-extrusion ring, Web Links: then in only one direction.
Me tha no l To lue ne
+ ++
OK OK OK
OK No No OK No OK
ol
Gas
Gl yc
http://www.allorings.com
Mat. Nitrile Viton Kalrez
s. 9 - p. 1/26
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
25
Seals – Other seals Power Seal: Metallic seal with a plastic cover. Can take drag in only one direction whilst holding pressure.
Metal-metal: Uses the elastic deformation of metal when pressing two surfaces together..
V- Seal: Can stand drag in both directions when holding pressure.
Premium Seals: It’s the combination of a metalmetal seal backed up with an oring.
s. 9 - p. 1/26
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
FEB – 2013 /
26
Seals - Threads Sealing thread (NPT)
Sealing thread with shoulder
FEMALE
F less than 0,1 mm MALE
CAPS
2 turns of teflon, maximum 3. The thread has full excursion from beginning to end, no decay over the end. Should go 7 turns, the first 4 easy, the last 3 harder.
Metal to metal sealing (Autoclave) GOOD
7 THREADS WITH FULL EXCURSION
BAD
FEMALE
MALE
LESS THAN 7 THREADS
DO NOT USE TEFLON IN AUTOCLAVE THREADS s. 9 - p. 1/26
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Field Operations – Job Planning • Well Head Type: Flange, threaded or special connection. – Flange: Nominal Size, WP, ring gasket. – Threaded connection: Type, size.
• Maximum Expected WHP / Fluid Type / H2S: – Working Pressure and eqpt. Service. – Define number of flow tubes. – Tool weight as value on table page 29 plus 50/100 lbs. – Overall tool length: Tool length plus the needed weight bars, accessories and head. – Quantity of Lubricators: at least tool length plus 3 feet – Size of Tool-Catcher: equal to the Tool’s Fishing Neck. – Minimum well ID / Maximum swell guns OD.
• Temperature. – Type of cable (temperature and service) – Tool Ratings.
• Depth / Well Deviation Profile. : – Selection of weak point and safe / maximum cable pull. – Tool centralization / Well geometry.
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Field Operations – Push on cable Necessary force to balance the well pressure according to the cable in use. Add 50-100 lbs. to the table value to ensure the tool will move down.
0.188 0.219” 0.250 0.313” 0.375” 0.438” 0.469” 0.592”
3/16” 7/32” ¼” 5/16” 3/8” 7/16” 15/32” 9/16”
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Field Operations
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Field Operations
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Field Operations
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Field Operations Before the operation starts, make sure you know: •Maximum safe pull. •Pull to break the weak point. •Well Geometry •Depths where there are restrictions. •Maximum depth. Remember that the maximum safe pull gets smaller as we approach surface.
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Field Operations
Watch the lever of the Tool Trap
Pull the cable down until you feel is caught in the Catcher
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Abnormal Operations •Loss of seal •Stranded Cable •Hydrates – Freeze up. •Knot in cable – Cutting the cable with the tool in the well. •Broken Oring. •Tool Stuck. •Broken Weak Point. •Fishing under pressure In any event, you must have your plan in place and ready BEFORE proceeding. You have to know exactly all the steps to follow and contingencies (response to an unexpected event) from beginning to end, PRIOR to start working with the cable or the equipment.
10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
Seal Loss • • • • • • •
As immediate action when the seal is lost: 1- Reduce the cable speed and stop. 2- Apply more grease pressure. 3- Close the stuffing box and see that grease is pouring out of the return line. Verify for the situations described above. 4- Close the return line and keep pumping grease. Troubleshoot, and once you’ve recovered grease seal: 5- Open the return line. 6- Open the stuffing box. 7- Wait at least 40 seconds, go down a few feet to ensure the cable is free, proceed with the operation.
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1
7
3
6
2
4 5
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Seal Loss • The flow tubes are no longer holding the well pressure, and a leak starts through the top of the equipment. If the leak stops, this may be not because the seal was regained, but because hydrates appeared and froze up the flow tubes. The cable can get stuck with this. Ensure the cable is free and with grease seal before continuing the operation. • The more common causes and their solutions for seal loss are: – Excessive cable speed: Reduce the speed, stop the cable, increase the grease pressure. – Worn out flow tubes: Reduce the cable speed, increase the grease pressure. Report the problem and change the flow tubes. – Grease pump malfunction: Use the other pump of the panel. Fix the first one ASAP. – Inadequate grease viscosity: Choose the right grease for the location temperature.
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Seal Loss – Low Pressure for grease injection: Check the grease level in the tank. Check the air pressure. – No grease in the tank: Fill it up. – Water in the grease tank: With a hose, drain the water that is in the bottom of the tank. – Clogged hoses: Close the WLV, disconnect the hoses, pump them ot until grease flows freely. Be aware of accumulated pressure.
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Cables sizes Some cables sizes are specified as an APPROXIMATE number. Measure or look into the actual specifications before ordering flow-tubes. p.e. 7/32” = 0.219” CAMESA INC 7/32” 1K22: (www.camesainc.com)
Rochester Cables (www.rochestercables.com)
WirelineWorks (www.wirelineworks.com)
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Hydrate Formation • The appear in gas wells, when grease seal is lost, or the gas expands after going through small diameter holes (manifold / grease tubes). • The factors that lead to freezing are: – gas – decompression – water • They are formed due to the freezing of the well’s water, which provides support to the gas to build-up an ice plug. • To avoid it, keep a good grease seal. Do the pressure test with Glycol, so there will be no water into the system. • Once frozen, the ice can be melted through Glycol injection. This can be done through the WLV or an extra injection port in the flow tubes. Methanol is considered more efficient for melting ice plugs. • Methanol’s flammability and toxicity ask for some precaution when using it. • Glycol can be injected through the operation to bind with water and prevent its freezing. • Anoter source of hydrates is condensate gas. Methanol is pumped into the well to lower its freezing point 10 to 20 DEGF.
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Stranded Cable • The tension increases without apparent reason, or it keeps jumping between a high and a low value. • The lower sheave wheel moves up and down. • Eventually, the missing strand becomes evident at the drum. • Stop the cable. Move the cable down a little to ensure it is not stuck at the flow tubes. To know this is very important, as we do not want the cable stuck in the flow tubes when opening the lubricator (the cable is locked by the WLV). • Close the WLV according procedure.
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Stranded Cable • Loosen up the cable, open the lubricator, It is not necessary to lay it on the floor. • Install the cable clamp. • Release cable and pull backwards to take the knot off the lubricator. • Cut the strands until the knotted strand is gone. USE SAFETY GOGGLES. • Sharpen the tip of the strand, glue to the cable. • Pull the cable and close the lubricator. • The cable cannot be used any more.
To glue the cable use Loctite 493, 495 or 496. s. 11 - p. 3/4
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Cable Knot • Proceed as in a loose strand until opening the lubricator. • Pull the cable backwards, verify the damage. See if it can be fixed without cutting the cable. If the extension of the damage makes necessary to cut it, the lubricator will have to be laid down.
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Cable Knot • With the lubricator on the floor, cut the cable as high as possible, taking care that the cut length is larger than the flow tubes. • Separate the riser from the flow tubes.
• Thread the cable through the lower end of the flow tubes.
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Cable Knot • Make a knot with the cable coming from the sheave wheel. • Rig up the flow tubes above the WLV.
Force Line
Verify that the knot goes through the sheave wheel!!
Fishing Knot Leave 4’ in each side of the knot. Cover the ends with tape. s. 11 - p. 5
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Cable Knot • Tighten up the cable, open the WLV according procedure, spool cable back until the knot has gone through the sheave wheels. • Close the WLV again according procedure. • Release cable, disconnect the flow tubes, undo the knot and un thread the cable from the flow tubes.
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Cable Knot • Now thread the cable through the lubricators and the flow tubes. Make the fishing knot again. • Taking care of not damaging the cable, rig up the lubricators and the flow tubes.
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Cable Knot • With lubricator and flow tubes rigged up, and the cable knotted, pull the cable and open the WLV according procedure. • Spool back the cable slowly until the knot reaches the cable drum. • Take care when getting the knot through the depth measurement system. • Pull the tool out of the hole, change the cable.
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Broken O-ring • If an oring breaks, has to be replaced by another similar one, without pulling the tool out of the hole. • Clean perfectly the zone where the oring is going to be replaced. • Oring must be cut in diagonal, glued back together after getting inside its groove. • Has to be glued with Loctite.
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Stuck Tool Verify whether it is at bottom or at surface. • If when pulling, tension increases rapidly, then it is at surface. • If when pulling tension increases slowly (like 100 lbs. every foot), then is stuck at bottom. • Do not play with the cable, it will fatigue the weak point. • Verify if it is stuck only on the way up, or both ways. • Verify that the cable is not broken. • Verify that there is a substantial grease provision. The operation may last several days.
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Stuck at Bottom • Verify whether the tool is stuck (up and down) or just blocked (way up). • Calculate the Maximum Safe Pull and Breaking Pull. • Make 2-3 tries pulling up to the Maximum Safe Pull. • Never release below the cable weight, in order to avoid a birdcage on the cable. • Do not work the cable in order to prevent fatigue at the weak point. • Discuss with the client the several options to help to get the tool free: – Flow through different choke sizes. – Pressurize annular – Fluid injections (water, diesel, solvent, xylene, methanol)
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Stuck at Bottom • If you suspect debris locking up the tool, leave only the cable weight whilst flowing the well • Once the client decides to break the Weak Point, get to the Breaking Pull in increments of 100 lbs. • Once the Braking Operation started, there is no way back as the Weak Point has been worked over, and it cannot be predicted at what strength may break later. Make the client aware of that.
Normal Pull
+200
+400
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+600
+800
+1000
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Stuck at Surface • Find the cause: – Freeze-up of the flow tubes – Broken or damaged cable – Open or birdcaged cable – Debris or well materials: asphaltenes, tar, gun debris, sand. – Tool locked in the X-tree or WLV.
• Do not work the cable. In less tan a foot the breaking strength can be reached. • Close the WLV and find-out if it is free in the grease tubes. To that the pressure inside the lube has to be bled off. • If it is not free inside the HGT, start taking them apart from top to bottom (with no pressure inside the lubes)
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Stuck at Surface •If it is free in the HGT, discuss with te client possible causes: – SSSV / X-Tree
– Well substances or materials. •Ways to try to get free: – Well injection or flow.
Whether you’re stuck at surface or bottom, if nothing works and you cannot pull the weak point: •To cut the cable with the Crown Valve, pull the cable to the Breaking Pull, and close the Crown Valve.. •To cut the cable with a Cable Cutting Sub, close the WLV, install the sub, pull normal tension to drop it. In deviated wells you might need to release and increase tension to work its way down. •Provide the slick-line company with all the information prior to the cable cut, and a sample of the used head. 10K PRESSURE CONTROL SCHOOL
Broken Weak Point • Calculate at what depth the pressure will start to push the cable outside the well: – Depth [feet] = WHP [psi] divided two (2) – Depth [meters] = WHP [psi] divided six (6)
• Leave the Line Wiper and Stuffing Box with no hydraulic pressure, grease injection with the normal pressure • Clear well head area from personnel • When reaching that depth increase the speed until the cable moves faster than the winch. Then stop the winch and wait for the cable to come out. • The Ball Valve will prevent the well fluids to go out. Now close the Crown Valve.
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Cased hole fishing
L1
L2
Body diameters
Provide to the fishing (slickline) company the dimensions of the head. A common type are the OTIS fishing head of 1”, 1 3/16”, 1 3/8”
Fishing Neck diameter
The OTIS fishing tools are: Type R: Releases with up motion jar. It has a sleeve protecting the dogs. Type B: Releases with down motion jar. Needs to be used if cable is on top of the fish, as it has not a protecting sleeve above the dogs. Type S: Releases with down motion jar. Allows to include a jar to work the tool free.
OTIS Retr. Tool Type R-B-S
Mechanical Link-Jar
Hydraulic Jar
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Weight
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Cased hole fishing
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Web References • www.nov.com/elmar (Pressure control equipment – units) – Product range – Wireline equipment catalog. – Key contacts •
[email protected] /
[email protected] /
[email protected]
• www.oilcenterresearch.com (grease) – Products by industry -> Electric wireline -> Liquid-O-Ring range: 766 to 782. Check with OCR for characteristics and suitability. – Phone 337 - 993 – 3559.
• www.nov.com (slick line and other) – Solutions > Downhole > Intervention & Completion Tools > Wireline Tools • www.camesainc.com (WL cables) • www.rochestercables.com (WL cables) • www.wirelineworks.com (WL cables)
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