Distance Calculation

NAME OF SUBSTATION NAME OF FEEDER FEEDER CODE NAME OF NEXT SHORTEST LINE NAME OF NEXT LONGEST LINE SYSTEM VOLTAGE NAME OF CONDUCTOR

Distance Protection Kakkad PH Kakkad Pathanamthitta No.2 KDPT-2 Pathanamthitta-Ranni Kakkad Pathanamthitta No.1 110kV ACSR WOLF

ph-ph Z1

Line Parameters: POSITIVE SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

R1

POSITIVE SEQUENCE REACTANCE

X1

ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

R0

ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

X0

LINE LENGTH

L1

LENGTH OF NEXT SHORTEST LINE

L2

LENGTH OF NEXT LONGEST LINE

L3

ARC RESISTANCE PH-PH

Arc ph-ph

ARC RESISTANCE PH-EARTH

Arc ph-e

Z1 (R1 2X 12 )

0.2129 0.392 0.354 1.002 28.69 13.40 30.69 2 10

0.4461

ph-e

OHMS/KM

1.0627 OHMS/KM 500 CT Sec. CT-ratio 1000 PT-ratio Resistance Ratio: 0.22 Reactance Ratio: 0.52 Earth Compensation Factor, Ko: 0.4679 < 15.48 LineAngle( Ph Ph) < 61.49 ( Ph -E) Operation time in msec 0 Zone-3 Zone-4 500 Zone-5

2.596 4.780 9.316 12.218

R X R X R

3.767 6.936 11.264 17.730 6.321

X R X R X R X R X R X

11.638 15.510 29.749 6.321 11.638 15.510 29.749 0.611 1.125 6.016 2.875

OHMS/KM OHMS/KM OHMS/KM KM KM

ph-ph

KM

Z2

OHMS

7.893 ph-e

OHMS

OHMS/KM

Z0 (R0 2X 02 )

Zone-1 Zone-1B Zone-2

5.439

R X R X

ph-ph

2.38228

Z3

1A

13.244 ph-e ph-ph

Z4

13.244

< 70.54 750

Z5 (Reverse 1.280 )

ph-e ph-ph ph-e

NAME OF SUBSTATION NAME OF FEEDER FEEDER CODE NAME OF NEXT SHORTEST LINE NAME OF NEXT LONGEST LINE SYSTEM VOLTAGE NAME OF CONDUCTOR

Distance Protection Kakkad PH Kakkad Pathanamthitta No.1 KDPT-1 Pathanamthitta-Ranni Kakkad Pathanamthitta No.2 110kV ACSR WOLF

ph-ph Z1

Line Parameters: POSITIVE SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

R1

POSITIVE SEQUENCE REACTANCE

X1

ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

R0

ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

X0

LINE LENGTH

L1

LENGTH OF NEXT SHORTEST LINE

L2

LENGTH OF NEXT LONGEST LINE

L3

ARC RESISTANCE PH-PH

Arc ph-ph

ARC RESISTANCE PH-EARTH

Arc ph-e

Z1 (R1 2X 12 )

0.2129 0.392 0.354 1.002 30.69 13.40 28.69 0 20

0.4461

ph-e

OHMS/KM

1.0627 OHMS/KM 500 CT Sec. CT-ratio 1000 PT-ratio Resistance Ratio: 0.22 Reactance Ratio: 0.52 Earth Compensation Factor, Ko: 0.4679 < 15.48 LineAngle( Ph Ph) < 61.49 ( Ph -E) Operation time in msec 0 Zone-3 Zone-4 500 Zone-5

2.777 5.113 14.617 13.069

R X R X R

3.980 7.328 16.618 18.732 6.321

X R X R X R X R X R X

11.638 20.510 29.749 6.321 11.638 20.510 29.749 0.653 1.203 11.086 3.075

OHMS/KM OHMS/KM OHMS/KM KM KM

ph-ph

KM

Z2

OHMS

8.340 ph-e

OHMS

OHMS/KM

Z0 (R0 2X 02 )

Zone-1 Zone-1B Zone-2

5.818

R X R X

ph-ph

2.38228

Z3

1A

13.244 ph-e ph-ph

Z4

13.244

< 70.54 750

Z5 (Reverse 1.369 )

ph-e ph-ph ph-e

NAME OF SUBSTATION NAME OF FEEDER FEEDER CODE NAME OF NEXT SHORTEST LINE NAME OF NEXT LONGEST LINE SYSTEM VOLTAGE NAME OF CONDUCTOR

Distance Protection Edamon Edamon-Edappon EMEP Edamon-Kayamkulam Edamon-Kayamkulam 220kV Double Moose

Line Parameters: POSITIVE SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

R1

POSITIVE SEQUENCE REACTANCE

X1

ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

R0

ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

X0

LINE LENGTH

L1

LENGTH OF NEXT SHORTEST LINE

L2

LENGTH OF NEXT LONGEST LINE

L3

ARC RESISTANCE PH-PH

Arc ph-ph

ARC RESISTANCE PH-EARTH

Arc ph-e

Z1 (R1 2X 12 )

0.02819 0.281637 0.24376 1.16279 78 47 64.91 0 0

0.2830

Z1

7.065 ph-e

OHMS/KM

1.1881 OHMS/KM 800 CT Sec. CT-ratio 2000 Z0 - 8.831 PT-ratio Resistance Ratio: 2.55 R1 - 0.88 Reactance Ratio: 1.04 R0 - 7.605 Earth Compensation Factor, Ko: 1.0683 < -8.03 LineAngle( Ph Ph) < 84.28 ( Ph -E) Operation time in msec 0 Zone-3 0 Zone-4 500 Zone-5

R X R X

0.704 7.030 6.084 29.023

R X R X R

1.055 10.544 9.126 43.535 1.611

X R X R X R X R X R X

16.099 13.934 66.470 1.611 16.099 13.934 66.470 0.176 1.757 1.521 7.256

OHMS/KM OHMS/KM OHMS/KM KM KM

ph-ph

KM

Z2

OHMS

10.597 ph-e

OHMS

OHMS/KM

Z0 (R0 2X 02 )

Zone-1 Zone-1B Zone-2

ph-ph

4.197454

1A Z1 - 37.068 X1 - 8.787 X0 - 36.279

ph-ph Z3

16.180 ph-e ph-ph

Z4

16.180 ph-e

< 78.16 Z5 720 (Reverse 1500 2000

)

ph-ph 1.766 ph-e

NAME OF SUBSTATION NAME OF FEEDER FEEDER CODE NAME OF NEXT SHORTEST LINE NAME OF NEXT LONGEST LINE SYSTEM VOLTAGE NAME OF CONDUCTOR

Distance Protection Edamon Edamon-Kundara EMKU Kundara-Kayamkulam Kundara-Kayamkulam 220kV Double Moose

Line Parameters: POSITIVE SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

R1

POSITIVE SEQUENCE REACTANCE

X1

ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

R0

ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

X0

LINE LENGTH

L1

LENGTH OF NEXT SHORTEST LINE

L2

LENGTH OF NEXT LONGEST LINE

L3

ARC RESISTANCE PH-PH

Arc ph-ph

ARC RESISTANCE PH-EARTH

Arc ph-e

Z1 (R1 2X 12 )

0.02819 0.281637 0.24376 1.16279 61.17 64.91 64.91 0 0

0.2830

Z1

5.540 ph-e

OHMS/KM

1.1881 OHMS/KM 800 CT Sec. CT-ratio 2000 Z0 - 6.926 PT-ratio Resistance Ratio: 2.55 R1 - 0.69 Reactance Ratio: 1.04 R0 - 5.964 Earth Compensation Factor, Ko: 1.0683 < -8.03 LineAngle( Ph Ph) < 84.28 ( Ph -E) Operation time in msec 0 Zone-3 0 Zone-4 500 Zone-5

R X R X

0.552 5.513 4.771 22.761

R X R X R

0.828 8.269 7.157 34.141 1.422

X R X R X R X R X R X

14.204 12.293 58.642 1.422 14.204 12.293 58.642 0.138 1.378 1.193 5.690

OHMS/KM OHMS/KM OHMS/KM KM KM

ph-ph

KM

Z2

OHMS

8.311 ph-e

OHMS

OHMS/KM

Z0 (R0 2X 02 )

Zone-1 Zone-1B Zone-2

ph-ph

4.197454

1A Z1 - 29.07 X1 - 6.891 X0 - 28.451

ph-ph Z3

14.274 ph-e ph-ph

Z4

14.274 ph-e

< 78.16 Z5 720 (Reverse 1500 2000

)

ph-ph 1.385 ph-e

NAME OF SUBSTATION NAME OF FEEDER FEEDER CODE NAME OF NEXT SHORTEST LINE NAME OF NEXT LONGEST LINE SYSTEM VOLTAGE NAME OF CONDUCTOR

Distance Protection Pathanamthitta pathanamthitta-Kozhanchery PTKZ Kozhanchery-Ranni Kozhanchery-Ranni 110kV ACSR WOLF

Line Parameters: POSITIVE SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

R1

POSITIVE SEQUENCE REACTANCE

X1

ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

R0

ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

X0

LINE LENGTH

L1

LENGTH OF NEXT SHORTEST LINE

L2

LENGTH OF NEXT LONGEST LINE

L3

ARC RESISTANCE PH-PH

Arc ph-ph

ARC RESISTANCE PH-EARTH

Arc ph-e

Z1 (R1 2X 12 )

0.2129 0.392 0.354 1.002 11.89 13.40 13.40 0 20

0.4461

Z1

1.697 ph-e

OHMS/KM

1.0627 OHMS/KM 400 CT Sec. CT-ratio 1000 PT-ratio Resistance Ratio: 0.22 Reactance Ratio: 0.52 Earth Compensation Factor, Ko: 0.4679 < 15.48 LineAngle( Ph Ph) < 61.49 ( Ph -E) Operation time in msec 0 Zone-3 Zone-4 500 Zone-5

R X R X

0.810 1.491 9.347 3.812

R X R X R

1.583 2.915 10.632 7.451 2.154

X R X

3.965 11.581 10.136

R X R X

0.203 0.373 8.337 0.953

OHMS/KM OHMS/KM OHMS/KM KM KM

ph-ph

KM

Z2

OHMS

3.317 ph-e

OHMS

OHMS/KM

Z0 (R0 2X 02 )

Zone-1 Zone-1B Zone-2

ph-ph

2.38228

1A

ph-ph Z3

4.513 ph-e

< 70.54 Z4 750 (Reverse 0.424 )

ph-ph ph-e

NAME OF SUBSTATION NAME OF FEEDER FEEDER CODE NAME OF NEXT SHORTEST LINE NAME OF NEXT LONGEST LINE SYSTEM VOLTAGE NAME OF CONDUCTOR

Line Parameters:

Distance Protection Calculation Sabarigiri Sabarigiri-Bramapuram SBBR Bramapuram-Kalamassery Bramapuram-Pllom 220kV ACSR KUNDAH Z1

POSITIVE SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

R1

POSITIVE SEQUENCE REACTANCE

X1

ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

R0

ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

X0

LINE LENGTH

L1

LENGTH OF NEXT SHORTEST LINE

L2

LENGTH OF NEXT LONGEST LINE

L3

ARC RESISTANCE PH-PH

Arc ph-ph

ARC RESISTANCE PH-EARTH

Arc ph-e

Z1 (R1 2X 12 )

0.082 0.405 0.30092 1.28 134 8 67.8 0 10

0.4132

17.719 ph-e

OHMS/KM OHMS/KM OHMS/KM OHMS/KM

ph-ph Z1B

26.578 ph-e

KM KM

ph-ph

KM

Z2

OHMS

22.810 ph-e

OHMS

OHMS/KM

Z0 (R0 2X 02 )

1.3149 OHMS/KM 800 CT Sec. CT-ratio 2000 PT-ratio Resistance Ratio: 0.89 Reactance Ratio: 0.72 Earth Compensation Factor, Ko: 0.7276 < -2.6 LineAngle( Ph Ph) < 78.55 ( Ph -E) Operation time in msec Zone-1 Zone-1B Zone-2

ph-ph

0 Zone-3 0 Zone-4 480 Zone-5

3.18209

1A

ph-ph Z3

33.355 ph-e ph-ph

Z4

33.355 ph-e

< 76.77 Z5 720 (Reverse 1500 2000

)

ph-ph 4.430 ph-e

R X R X R X R X R X R X R

3.516 17.366 16.903 54.886 5.274 26.050 23.355 82.330 4.526 22.356 20.611 70.656 6.619

X R X R X R X R X R X

32.692 28.290 103.322 6.619 32.692 28.290 103.322 0.879 4.342 7.226 13.722

NAME OF SUBSTATION NAME OF FEEDER FEEDER CODE NAME OF NEXT SHORTEST LINE NAME OF NEXT LONGEST LINE SYSTEM VOLTAGE NAME OF CONDUCTOR

Distance Protection Pathanapuram Pathanapuram-Punalur #1 PTPN#1 Edamon-Punalur Punalur-Kundara 110kV ACSR WOLF

Line Parameters: POSITIVE SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

R1

POSITIVE SEQUENCE REACTANCE

X1

ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

R0

ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE

X0

LINE LENGTH

L1

LENGTH OF NEXT SHORTEST LINE

L2

LENGTH OF NEXT LONGEST LINE

L3

ARC RESISTANCE PH-PH

Arc ph-ph

ARC RESISTANCE PH-EARTH

Arc ph-e

Z1 (R1 2X 12 )

0.2129 0.392 0.354 1.002 12.5 8.31 34.69 0 20

0.4461

Z1

1.896 ph-e

OHMS/KM

1.0627 OHMS/KM 400 CT Sec. CT-ratio 1000 PT-ratio Resistance Ratio: 0.22 Reactance Ratio: 0.52 Earth Compensation Factor, Ko: 0.4679 < 15.48 LineAngle( Ph Ph) < 61.49 ( Ph -E) Operation time in msec 0 Zone-3 0 Zone-4 500 Zone-5

R X R X

0.905 1.666 9.505 4.259

R X R X R

1.418 2.612 10.358 6.675 4.019

X R X

7.399 14.682 18.914

R X R X

0.213 0.392 8.354 1.002

OHMS/KM OHMS/KM OHMS/KM KM KM

ph-ph

KM

Z2

OHMS

2.972 ph-e

OHMS

OHMS/KM

Z0 (R0 2X 02 )

Zone-1 Zone-1B Zone-2

ph-ph

2.38228

1A

ph-ph Z3

8.420 ph-e

< 70.54 Z4 720 (Reverse 0.446 1500 ) 2000

ph-ph ph-e

NAME OF SUBSTATION NAME OF FEEDER FEEDER CODE LINE LENGTH NAME OF CONDUCTOR NAME OF NEXT SHORTEST LINE LENGTH OF NEXT SHORTEST LINE NAME OF SHORTEST LINE CONDUCTOR NAME OF NEXT LONGEST LINE LENGTH OF NEXT LONGEST LINE NAME OF LONGEST LINE CONDUCTOR R1 POSITIVE SEQUENCE RESISTANCE X1POSITIVE SEQUENCE REACTANCE R01 ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE X01 ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE R02 ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE X02 ZERO SEQUENCE RESISTANCE Zone-1 Impedance Zone-2 Impedance Zone-3 Impedance Zone-4 Impedance Zone-5 Impedance Phase-earth resistance zone 1 Phase-phase resistance zone 1 Limit resistance for zone2 Limit resistance for zone3 Starting Limit resistance

220kV S/S Edamon Old Setting New setting Edamon-Kayamkulam No.1 Edamon-Edappon KYEM-1 EMEP 78 km. Double Moose Double Moose Kayamkulam-New Pallom-1 Edamon-Kundara 47 km ACSR Kundah Double Moose Kayamkulam-Kundara Edamon-Kundara 64.91 km. Double Moose Double Moose 0.884 8.787 7.612 36.279 7.612 36.279 7.07 10.60 14.42 14.42 0.88 5.10 1.60 5.46 8.26 15.00