Diskusi 2 STATISTIKA EKONOMI

 

Hasgusa ? YXKXAYXAGK JGL@LMA @KMK

4 CAYXQK@XL VKNQZ KHNA R

@AM

4 29;2:9925

ZRODD

4 OKXKM

DZ_ZYK@

4 MK@KDJMJ@ Y;

YLKC 4

Dagk hktk yk`f hapu`yka dumckn`yk ojskr mkgk Ck`fgkn-ck`fgkn kpk yk`f nkrus hackgugk` u`tug mj`ikra rktk-rktk natu`f < DKVKO 4

Hkckmnkc Hkck mnkca`a,krtamjk`ykat a`a,krtamjk`ykatusukturktk-rk usukturktk-rktknatu`fhkrasuktu tknatu`fhkrasuktu hktk.Mjk` hktk.Mjk` hkckm hkc km nkca`a nkc a`a hk hk` `  u`tug u`tug sjck` sjck`dut dut`yk `yk,,  kgk` kgk` hafu`kgk hafu`kgk` `  oj ojojr ojrkp kpk k  samolc samolc-sa -samol molc. c. Mjk` Mj k` a` a`a a sk`f sk`fkt kt jrkt jrkt sjgk sjgkca ca hj hj`f `fk` k` hk hktk tk guk` guk`ta tatk tkta tae, e, oa oaks ksk` k`yk yk `a `ack cka a hk hkra ra hk hktk tk guk`tatktaea`ahj`fk`samolcykatu^;,^?…..skmpkagj^`(dagkhktktjrsjout tjrhkpkt`oukn`acka). Z`tugsamolc`oaksk`ykhapkgkahkckmmj`yktkgk`suktuugurk`hkckm sk skmp mpjc jc yk ykat atu u ok`y ok`ykg kg`y `yk k hktk hktk, , yk yk`f `f kgk` kgk` ha hatj tjca cata ta, , yk yk`f `f gj gjmu muha hak` k` ha hadk dkha hagk gk` ` skmpjc.Khkpu skmp jc.Khkpu` `samo samolc@ lc@dufkhapkgk dufkhapkgka amj`y mj`yktkg ktkgk`ugurk`pkhkplpu k`ugurk`pkhkplpucksa,ykatu cksa,ykatu ok`ykg`ykk`ffltksjikrkgjsjcu ok`ykg`ykk`f fltksjikrkgjsjcurunk`yk`fkhkhk runk`yk`fkhkhkckmhktktjrsjout. ckmhktktjrsjout. Yamolcrktk-rk Yamo lcrktk-rktku`tugskmpjcakcknx tku`tugskmpjcakcknx(oki (okik4jgs k4jgsokr)sjhk okr)sjhk`fgk `fgk` `rktk rktk-rktk -rktk u`tugplpucksahafu`kgk`hj`fk`samolcº(okik4mu).@ackaxkhkcknstktastag sjhk`fgk`ºkhkcknpkrkmjtjru`tugmj`yktkgk`rktk-rktk.Z`tugmjk`sj`hara ha hao okfa mj` mj`dkha dkha huk, yk ykat atu u mjk mjk` pkhk hktk tk tu tu` `ffkc fkc hk` mjk` k` pkh pkhk hktk hktk gjclmplg.Gjhuk`ykkgk`hadjcksgk`sj gjclmplg.Gjhuk `ykkgk`hadjcksgk`sjikrkhjtkachaokwk ikrkhjtkachaokwkna`a4 na`a4 k. Hktk Hktk Xu` Xu`ff ffkc kc Mjk`mjrupkgk`suktuoack`fk`tu`ffkcyk`fhkpkthafu`kgk`u`tug mjwk mj wkga gaca ca `ack `acka a pu pusk skt t hk hkra ra sjou sjoukn kn hast hastra raou ousa sa tj tjrt rtj` j`tu tu. . Oj Ojoj ojrk rkpk pk lrk` lrk`f f cj cjoa oan n kgrkohj`fk`astacknrktk-rktkhaok`ha`frktk-rktknatu`f.Gjtagksjgjclmplg hktk,rktk-rktkkrta`yk`ackahkrarktk-rktknatu`ftjrsjout.Yjikrktjg`asoask hasampucgk`oknwksukturktk-rktkhkrasjgjclmplgvkrakojcykatudumckn`acka pj`fkmktk`haokfahj`fk`ok` pj`fkmktk `haokfahj`fk`ok`ykg`ykpj`fk ykg`ykpj`fkmktk`. mktk`. _ktk-rktkmjrupkgk`nksacokfahkrasjdumckn`ackahj`fk`ok`ykg`yk rjspl rjs pl`hj `hj` ` ktku ktku skmpj skmpjc. c. Dagk Dagk sjokrk sjokrk` ` `ac `acka ka ojrhas ojrhastra traous ousa a `l `lrmk rmkc, c, mkgk mkgk rktkrktkrktk`ackamjrupkgk``ackatj`fknhkrahastrao rktk`ackamjrup kgk``ackatj`fknhkrahastraousaerjguj` usaerjguj`sa`ackatjrsjout sa`ackatjrsjout. ._ktk _ktk--

 

rktk rkt k hk hkckmsukturk`f ckmsukturk`fgka gkak` k` hktk hktk kh khkck kckn n dumcknsjcur dumcknsjcurun un hk hktk tk haokf haokfa a hj`fk hj`fk` ` sjcurungjdkhak`.

Yjikr Yj ikrk k mktjm mktjmkta ktas s rktk-r rktk-rktk ktk hktk hktk tu`ffk tu`ffkc c hkpkt hkpkt har harumu umusgk sgk` ` mj`dkh mj`dkhaa sjokfkaojragut4

Hamk`k4 ^ = mjk`

^a=dumcknhktk ` =ok`ykg =ok`ykghktk hktk

Il`tln Ylkc ;4 Xj`tugk`mjk`hkranksacjvkcuk Xj`tugk`mjk`h kranksacjvkcuksahkra:mknksasw sahkra:mknksaswkyk`fhapacansjik kyk`fhapacansjikrk rk kikg,yk`fmjmpjrlcjn`acka4:2,52,>2,12hk`1:. Rj`yjcjskak`4

Yjna`ffkrktk-rktkktkumjk`hkrahk Yjna`ffkrktkrktkktkumjk`hkrahktkhaktkskhkckn6:. tkhaktkskhkckn6:.

o. Hktk Hktk Gj Gjcl clmp mplg lg Z`tugrktk-rktkgjclmplg,ojrojhkhj`fk`rktk-rktktu`ffkchkckm rumus,tjtkpaskmkhkckmpj`fjrta rumus,tjtkpaskmkhkckmpj` fjrtak`pj`yj k`pj`yjcjsk cjskak`` ak``yk.Hkckmnkca`ahktk yk.Hkckmnkca`ahktk gjclmplg gjcl mplg ojrgkatk` ojrgkatk` hj`fk`hktk hj`fk`hktkhast hastraous raousa aerjg erjguj`s uj`sa ayk`f yk`f suhkn suhknhapj hapjckdkr ckdkraa hamktjrasjojcum` hamktjrasjoj cum`yk.Hktkgjclmp yk.Hktkgjclmplgoaksk` lgoaksk`ykhktkyk`fcjoanok`y ykhktkyk`fcjoanok`ykg(` kg(` 092),sjna`ffkkgk`mj`dkhackmkhkckmpj`yjcjskak`hj`fk`rumushktk tu`ffkc. Hkckmnkca`a,hktkgjclmplgpu`ojrharasj`haramj`fj`karumus`yk hk hkckm ckm mj`yjc mj`yjcjsk jskagk agk` `  rktk-r rktk-rktk ktk nat natu`f u`f. . Yjgkca Yjgkca ckfa, ckfa, a`a a`a ojrgka ojrgkatk` tk` hj`fk` hj`fk` ha hast stra raou ousa sa er erjg jguj uj`s `sa, a, sj sjna na`f `ffk fk sj sjoj ojcu cum m mj`y mj`yjc jcjs jska kagk gk` ` rktk rktk-r -rkt ktk k hktk hktk gjcl gjclmp mplg lg, , nk nkru rus s pk pknk nkm m oj ojtu tuc c gl`s gl`sjp jp hk hkra ra ha hast stra raou ousa sa er erjg jguj uj`s `sa. a. Khkp Khkpu` u` rumus rumu s u`tug u`tug mj`ikrarktk-rkt mj`ikrarktk-rktk k hktkgjclmplg hktkgjclmplg kgk`hapkpkrgk`ha kgk`hapkpkrgk`ha okwkn okwkn a`a. Yjikrkmktjmktas,u`tugmj`udurumushkrarktk-rktkhktkgjclmplg,

 

tjrcjoanhhknucumj`yusu`hastraousaerjguj`sakpkoackhktkmksankikg sjikrkgjsjcurunk`.Dagkhktkyk`fkhksuhkn,gjmuhak`hagjclmplggk` mjckcua mjck cuahketk hketkr r hastraous hastraousa a erjguj`sa erjguj`sa, , khkpu`ck`fgkn khkpu`ck`fgkn-ck`f -ck`fgkn gknu`tugmj`ikr u`tugmj`ikraa rktk-rktkhktkgjclmplgykatusjokfkaojragut4 Mj`ikra`ackatj`fknhasjtakpgjcks,khkpu`samolchkra`ackatj`fkn khkckn(^a) ;) Gjmuha Gjmuhak` k` mj`fkc mj`fkcagk agk` ` `ac `acka ka tj`fknpkhkmksa` tj`fknpkhkmksa`f-m f-mksa ksa`f `f gjcks gjcks hj hj`fk `fk` ` mksa`f-mksa`ferjguj`sa. ?) Yjck`dut`yk,mj`fnatu`fmjk`hj Yjck`dut`yk,mj`fnatu`fmjk`hj`fk`mj`ffu `fk`mj`ffu`kgk`rumusoj `kgk`rumusojragut4 ragut4

  x

e .x e  a

a

a

Hamk`k4 Ωe a .xa  =dumcknhkranksacpjrgkcak`hktkhk`erjguj`sa

Ea

= erjguj`sa hktk gj-a

xA=hktkgj-a ea =`

=dumcknhktk

Il`tln Ylkc 9 4 Natu`fckn rktk ’ rktk natu`f fkda Gkrykwk` RX. @aski @jwtl` Qlfykgkrtk,

hj`fk`hktkhkpkthakmktapkhktkojchaokwkna`a4

Fkda gkrykwk` (gjcks)

Dumckn Gkrykwk` (erjguj`sa)

92 ’91

8

82 ’81

5

:2 ’:1

>

52 ’51

;?

62 ’61

1

>2 ’>1

6

12 ’11

8

Dumckn@ = :2

Rj`yjcjskak`4 Z`tug Z`tu g mj`yjcjs mj`yjcjskagk kagk` ` pjrmkskc pjrmkskcknk`ha knk`ha ktks, ktks, mkgkhaoutungk`tkojcok`tuk` mkgkhaoutungk`tkojcok`tuk` sjokfkaojragutu`tugmjmuhkngk`hkckmmj`fjrdkgk`rktk-rktknatu`fktku mjk`hkraRX.@aski@jwtl`Qlfykgkrtk.

 

Fkda Mknksaswk (gjcks)

Dumckn Mns (ea)

92 ’91 82 ’81 :2 ’:1 52 ’51

@acka Xj`fkn (^a)

Erjguj`sa x @acka tj`fkn ea x ^a

8 5 > ;?

98,: 88,: :8,: 58,:

;9> ?56 895 668

1 6 8

68,: >8,: 18,:

562,: :1;,: 96>

62 ’61 >2 ’>1 12 ’11

@=:2

∛ea.^a=9?::

Hkratkojchaktks,mkgkhkpkthanatu`fmj`dkha4

Mkgkmjk``ykkhkckn5:,;

Yumojr4nttps4//www.fllfcj.ilm/urc< sk=t&rit=d&q=&jsri=s&slurij=w sk=t&rit=d&q=&j sri=s&slurij=wjo&ih=&vjh=? jo&ih=&vjh=?knZGJwa2? knZGJwa2?Muf5u\zKnZXZ Muf5u\zKnZXZ92GNoxMOcK[E` 92GNoxMOcK[E`lJI lJI  KM[K[&urc=nttp%9K%?E%?Ejpra`ts.u`pkm.ki.ah%  KM[K[&urc=nttp%9K%?E%?Ejp ra`ts.u`pkm.ki.ah%?E>562%?E; ?E>562%?E;%?EYKG2?9 %?EYKG2?99\YXKXAYXAG 9\YXKXAYXAG %?:?2HJYG_ARXAE-eucc.phe&usf=K %?:?2HJ YG_ARXAE-eucc.phe&usf=KLvUkw;8tLI1 LvUkw;8tLI1fYQvgUhR\Et9Ho fYQvgUhR\Et9Ho\Y \Y