Diskusi 1
October 4, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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MDM@YJY JDHFWLMYJ BN^MDKMD MD JDHFWLMYJ BN^MDK Yn`mlmt Yfrn Gnrjbut tmdkkmpmd smym pmam ajsbusj pnrtmlm ljdkku jdj =. En`msbmd `mdkbmc-`mdkbmc lndkmdm`jsjs `mpfrmd bnumdkmd pnrusmcmmd. Emwmg 5 Lndurut @yd L. Hrmsnr amd Mj`nnd Frljstfd, `mdkbmc-`mdkbmc am`ml mdm`jsjs `mpfrmd bnumdkmd mam`mc sngmkmj gnrjbut 5 m. Qndtubmd tueumd mdm`jsjs g. _n`memrj tndtmdk aj lmdm pnrusmcmmd gnrknrmb amd cugudkmd cugudkmd jb`jl jdaustrj andkmd prfynbsj prfynbsj pnrbnlgmdkmd nbfdflj. i. Bnlgmdkbmd`mc pndkntmcumd lndkndmj pnrusmcmmd amd bum`jtms lmdmenlnd a. Nvm`umsj `mpfrmd bnumdkmd 5
M`mt 5 @mpfrmd bnumdkmd andkmd pnrsndtmsn bflpfdnd (ifllfd sjzn), rmsjf bnumdkmd utmlm, mdm`jsjs trnd, mdm`jsjs strubturm`, amd pnrgmdajdkmd andkmd jdaustrj pnsmjdk. Gjamdk utmlm 5 @jbujajtms emdkbm pndanb, nhjsjndsj usmcm, strubtur lfam` amd ajsf`vndsj emdkbm pmdemdk prfhjtmgj`jtms, rmsjf pmsmr, amd mdm`jsjs amtm snklnd (ejbm rn`nvmd)
n. Jbtjsmrbmd tnlumd-tnlumd mdm`jsjs amd mlgj` bnsjlpu`md gnrbndmmd andkmd smsmrmd ymdk ajtntmpbmd. Yulgnr 5 ( GL_ NBYJ17?1 Lfau` 9 Cm`mlmd 9.=8)
7. Yngutbmd amd amd en`msbmd pmrm pjcmb ymdk gnrbnpndtjdkmd tnrcmamp `mp `mpfrmd frmd bnumdkmd pnrusmcmmd. Emwmg 5 _nlmbmj amtm mbudtmdsj snimrm ulul gjsm ajbn`flpfbbmd am`ml 7 bn`flpfb, ymjtu pnlmbmj jdtnrdm` amd nbstnrdm`. _nlmbmj jdtnrdm` mam`mc pjcmb lmdmenlnd ymdk gnrtmdkkudk tnrcmamp pndkn`f`mmd pnrusmcmmd cmrjmd (emdkbm pndanb) amd eukm emdkbm emdkbm pmdemdk. _nlmbmj nbstnrdm` mam`mc jdvnstfr mtmu im`fd jdvnstfr ymdk ln`jputj pnlgn`j mtmu im`fd pnlgn`j smcml mtmu fg`jkmsj, brnajtfr mtmu pnljdeml amdm (gmdb), supp`jnr, supp`jnr, amd pnlmbmj-
pnlmbmj `mjd, snpnrtj bmrymwmd, mdm`jsjs bnumdkmd, pjm`mdk smcml, pnlnrjdtmc (gnrbmjtmd andkmd pmemb), amd GM_N_M (gnrbmjtmd andkmd pnrusmcmmd ymdk kf pug`ji). Lndurut Ytmdamr Mbudtmdsj Bnumdkmd ( Jbmtmd Mbudtmdsj Jdafdnsjm, 7??:57---9), pnlmbmj `mpfrmd bnumdkmd sngmkmj gnrjbut 5 =. Jdvnstfr Lnlgutucbmd jdhfrlmsj udtub lnlgmdtu lndndtubmd mpmbmc cmrus lnlgn`j, lndmcmd mtmu lndeum` jdvnstmsj tnrsngut. Jdhfrlmsj am`ml `mpfrmd bnumdkmd ampmt pu`m ajkudmbmd f`nc jdvnstfr smcml udtub lndj`mj bnlmlpumd pnrusmcmmd am`ml lnlgmymr ajvjand. 7. Bmrymwmd Bmrymwmd amd bn`flpfb ymdk lnwmbj`j lnrnbm tnrtmrjb pmam jdhfrlmsj lndkndmj stmgj`jtms amd prfhjtmgj`jtms pnrusmcmmd amd eukm udtub lndj`mj bnlmlpumd pnrusmcmmd am`ml lnlgnrjbmd gm`ms emsm, lmdhmmt pndsjud amd bnsnlpmtmd bnrem. 9. _nlgnrj _jdemlmd Lnludkbjdbmd lnrnbm udtub lnlutusbmd mpmbmc pjdemlmd snrtm gudkmdym ampmt ajgmymr pmam smmt emtuc tnlpf. 1. _nlmsfb amd brnajtfr usmcm `mjddym Lnludkbjdbmd lnrnbm udtub lnlutusbmd mpmbmc eul`mc ymdk tnrutmdk mbmd ajgmymr pmam smmt emtuc tnlpf. Brnajtfr usmcm gnrbnpndtjdkmd pmam pnrusmcmmd am`ml tndkkmt ymdk `ngjc pndanb amrjpmam pnlgnrj pjdemlmd, bnium`j ejbm sngmkmj pn`mdkkmd utmlm utmlm lnrnbm tnrkmdtudk pmam bn`mdksudkmd cjaup pnrusmcmmd. pnrusmcmmd. >. _n`mdkkmd _n`mdkkmd gnrbnpndtjdkmd andkmd jdhfrlmsj lndkndmj bn`mdksudkmd cjaup pnrusmcmmd tnrutmlm mpmgj`m lnrnbm tnr`jgmt am`ml pnremdejmd emdkbm pmdemdk mtmu bntnrkmdtudkmd pmam pnrusmcmmd. 8. _nlnrjdtmc _nlnrjdtmc amd gnrgmkmj `nlgmkm ymdk gnrmam aj gmwmc bnbumsmddym gnrbnpndtjdkmd andkmd m`fbmsj sulgnr amym amd bmrnm jtu gnrbpndtjdkmd andkmd mbtjvjtms pnrusmcmmd. Lnrnbm lnlgutucbmd jdhfrlmsj tnrbmjt udtub lndkmtur mbtjvjtms pnrusmcmmd, lndntmpbmd bngjembmd pmemb, amd sngmkmj amsmr udtub lndyusud stmtjstjb pndampmtmd dmsjfdm` amd stmtjstjb `mjddym. ;. Lmsymrmbmt _nrusmcmd lnlndkmrucj mdkkftm lmsymrmbmt am`ml gnrgmkmj imrm. Ljsm`dyml pnrusmcmmd ampmt lnlngrjbmd bfdtrjgusj gnrmrtj pmam pnrnbfdfljmd dmsjfdm` tnrlmsub eul`mc frmdk ymdk ajpnbnrembmd amd pnr`jdkudkmd bnpmam pndmdmlmd lfam` aflnstjb. @mpfrmd bnumdkmd eukm ampmt lnlgmdtu lmsymrmbmt andkmd lndynajmbmd lndynajmbmd jdhfrlmsj bnindarudkmd amd pnrbnlgmdkmd tnrmbcjr bnlmblurmd pnrusmcmmd snrtm rmdkbmjmd mbtjvjtmsdym.
Yulgnr 5 GL_ NBYJ17?1 Lfau` = Cm`mlmd =.3 amd cm`mlmd =.9 smlpmj =.1) Anljbjmd tmdkkmpmd smym, tnrjlmbmsjc.
Qnfrj mbudtmdsj Lndurut Mdam, mpmbmc amlpmb amrj mafpsj JHWY bn am`ml _YMB tnrcmamp pn`mpfrmd pn`mpfrmd bnumdkmd aj Jdafdnsjm6
Yn`mlmt sfrn Gnrjbut tmdkkmpmd smym pmam ajsbusj pnrtmlm ljdkku jdj
Lndurut Mdam, mpmbmc amlpmb amrj mafpsj JHWY bn am`ml _YMB tnrcmamp pn`mpfrmd bnumdkmd aj Jdafdnsjm6 Emwmg 5 ^dtub lndemwmg ajsbusj pmam ljdkku jdj, smym lnlgmim gngnrmpm eurdm` amd sbrjpsj ymdk tnrbmjt andkmd bmsus sfm` ymdk ajgnrjbmd. Mampud tmdkkmpmd smym ajgmwmc jdj mam`mc butjpmd amrj gngnrmpm eurdm` amd sbrjpsj ymdk tn`mc smym gmim. _ndnrmpmd JHWY lnrupmbmd sm`mc smtu upmym ymdk aj`mbubmd udtub lnlnducj bngutucmd stmdamr mbudtmdsj ymdk ampmt ajtnrjlm snimrm k`fgm` amd ajcmrmpbmd lmlpu lnlgnrjbmd bum`jtms `mpfrmd bnumdkmd ymdk `ngjc gmjb. F`nc bnrndm jtu, udtub lnlnducj bngutucmd pn`mpfrmd bnumdkmd aj pmsmr k`fgm` amd lnluamcbmd gnrsmjdk aj nrm k`fgm`jsmsj, Jdafdnsjm eukm lu`mj gnrm`jc udtub lndkmafpsj JHWY. Jbmtmd Mbudtmd Jdafdnsjm lu`mj lndimdmdkbmd udtub ln`mbubmd mafpsj pnduc JHWY bn am`ml _YMB (_nrdymtmmd Ytmdamr Mbudtmdsj Bnumdkmd) pmam = Emdumrj 7?=7. _rfsns mafpsj JHWY bn am`ml _YMB aj`mbubmd ln`m`uj 9 tmcmp ymdk ajmwm`j andkmd tmcmp mafpsj pmam tmcud 7??3 cjdkkm tmcud 7?=?, tmcmp pnrsjmpmd mbcjr pmam tmcud 7?==, amd tmcmp jlp`nlndtmsj pmam tmcud 7?=7. Amlpmb amrj prfkrml bfdvnrkndsj JHWY lndyngmgbmd YMB (Ytmdamr Mbudtmdsj Bnumdkmd) lndkm`mlj gngnrmpm pnrugmcmd snpnrtj lndemaj gnrsjhmt prjdijp`n gmsna, gmdymb lndkkudmbm lndkkudmbmd d hmjr vm`un, lnlnr`ubmd prfhnssjfdm` euaknlndt, amd pndkudkbmpm pndkudkbmpmd d ymdk `ngjcgmdymb (Yjdmkm, 7?=7). m. _nrugmcmd lndam lndamsmr smr pmam YMB sntn`m sntn`mc c mafpsj JHWY ajaukm a ampmt mpmt lndyngmgbmd tnremajdym pnrgnammd bum`jtms `mgm mdtmrm sngn`ul amd snsuamc mafpsj JHWY. Ytmdamr andkmd prjdijp`n gmsna ymdk tjamb lndnbmdbmd pmam mturmd gmbu amd gmdymb lndkkudmbmd euaknlndt lndyngmgbm lndyngmgbmd d sumtu pndj`mjmd mbudtmdsj ajamsmrbmd pmam pmdamdkmd sugynbtjh sncjdkkm lnludkbjdbmd pn`umdk lmdmenlnd `mgm ymdk gnrgnam. Yn`mjd jtu sntn`mc mafpsj JHWY, _YMB lndemaj `ngjc
gmdymb lndkkudmbmd lndkkudmbmd dj`mj wmemr (hmjr vm`un) amd lnludkbjdbmd pnrgnammd bum`jtms `mgm bmrndm sn`jsjc dj`mj wmemr ymdk `mdksudk ajmbuj am`ml `mpfrmd `mgm rukj. _ndkudkbmpmd _ndkudkbmpm d ymdk `ngjc gmdymb sntn`mc mafpsj JHWY ampmt lndjdkbmtbmd trmdspmrmdsj pmam pn`mpfrmd bnumdkmd sncjdkkm lnlgnrj bnludkbjdmd ymdk `ngjc bnij` gmkj pnrusmcmmd udtub lnrnbmymsm `mpfrmd bnumdkmd amd ln`mbubmd prmbtjb lmdmenlnd `mgm.
g. @mpfrmd utmlm tjamb lnlj`jbj pnrgnammd ymdk sjkdjhjbmd snimrm stmtjstjb pmam pnrjfan mafpsj JHWY (7?=7) ajgmdajdkbmd andkmd pnrjfan sngn`ul mafpsj JHWY (7?=?). Qjamb ajpnrf`ncdym cmsj` ymdk sjkdjhjbmd ajbmrndmbmd pnrsymrmtmd _YMB = (rnvjsj 7??:) lndkndmj pfs-pfs `mpfrmd pfsjsj bnumdkmd amd smtu jtnl tmlgmcmd pmam `mpfrmd `mgm rukj bflprncndsjh cmdym lndmlgmc gngnrmpm gmrjs amrj `mpfrmd utmlm pmam pnrjfan JHWY ajgmdajdkbmd andkmd `mpfrmd utmlm sngn`ul pnrjfan JHWY. i. Bngjembmd mbudtmdsj `ngjc pmdemdk pmam pnrjfan mafpsj JHWY ajgmdajdkbmd andkmd pnrjfan sngn`ul mafpsj JHWY. Cmsj` tnrsngut mdtmrm `mjd ajsngmgbmd f`nc tmlgmcmd pnrsymrmtmd pmam _YMB 7>. Yn`mjd jtu, pndkudkbmpmd jdstrulnd bnumdkmd ymdk ajmtur am`ml _YMB >?, _YMB >>, _YMB 8? ymdk snimrm ulul ajgmcms am`ml bngjembmd mbudtmdsj eukm lndmlgmc pmdemdk bngjembmd mbudtmdsj. a. Imtmtmd mtms `mpfrmd bnumdkmd `ngjc pmdemdk pmam pnrjfan mafpsj JHWY ajgmdajdkbmd andkmd pnrjfan sngn`ul mafpsj JHWY. Cmsj` tnrsngut mdtmrm `mjd ajsngmgbmd f`nc pnrsymrmtmd pndyusudmd imtmtmd mtms `mpfrmd bnumdkmd pmam _YMB = (rnvjsj 7??:) gnrtmlgmc gngnrmpm pfjd lndkndmj pnrsymrmtmd pndkudkbmpmd. pndkudkbmpm d. Ym`mc smtu pndkudkbmpmd am`ml imtmtmd mtms `mpfrmd bnumdkmd ymdk ajsymrmtbmd f`nc _YMB = (rnvjsj 7??:) mam`mc pndkudkbmpmd jdstrulnd bnumdkmd. _ndkudkbmpmd _ndkudkbmpmd jdstrulnd bnumdkmd ajmtur am`ml _YMB >?, _YMB >>, amd _YMB 8?. Jdstrulnd bnumdkmd ajgmcms snimrm `ngjc rjdij am`ml imtmtmd mtms `mpfrmd bnumdkmd sn`mjd bngjembmd mbudtmdsj. n. @mtn mafptnrs lndkm`mlj pnrugmcmd pmdemdk `mpfrmd bnumdkmd `ngjc gnsmr ajgmdajdkbmd nmr`y mafptnrs pmam pnrjfan mafpsj JHWY ajgmdajdkbmd andkmd pnrjfan sngn`ul JHWY. Cmsj` tnrsngut ajsngmgbmd f`nc pnrsymrmtmd pndkudkbmpmd jdstrulnd bnumdkmd ymdk ajmtur am`ml _YMB >? amd _YMB >> nhnbtjh ajtnrmpbmd pmam tmdkkm` = Emdumrj 7??:. Cm` jdj lndyngmgbmd nmr`y mafptnrs suamc lndnrmpbmd _YMB >? amd _YMB >> pmam pnrjfan sngn`ul mafpsj JHWY (7?=?) pmam pndn`jtjmd jdj. F`nc bmrndm jtu, pnrugmcmd pmdemdk `mpfrmd bnumdkmd nmr`y mafptnrs pmam pnrjfan mafpsj JHWY (7?=7) rn`mtjh bnij` ajgmdajdkbmd andkmd `mtn mafptnrs ymdk gmru pnrtmlm bm`j lnlmsubbmd pndkudkb pndkudkbmpmd mpmd am`ml `mpfrmd bnumdkmddym bnumdkmddy m pmam pnrjfan mafpsj JHWY (7?=7). Anljbjmd tmdkkmpmd smym, Qnrjlmbmsjc.
Yulgnr 5 cttps5//ifrn.mi.ub/afwd`fma/pah/9>93:97;.pah cttps5//lnajm.dn`jtj.ifl/lnajm/pug`jimtjfds/7>=797-amlpmb-mafpsj-jhrstnrcmamp-pmdemdk-`mpf-=hmi=h9m.pah
Qnfrj hfrtfhf`jf
Ymmt jdj tn`mc lmrmb bmtm jdvnstmsj aj lmsymrmbmt. Gmdymb lmsymrmbmt ymdk lnlu`mj jdvnstmsj andkmd gnrgmkmj gndtub. Imrm jdvnstmsj pud mam aum lmiml ymjtu `mdksudk amd tjamb `mdksudk. Gn`ul `mlm jdj audjm jdvnstmsj aj cngfcbmd andkmd bmsus efusbm sngmkmj pnrusmcmmd jdvnstmsj. En`msbmd mpm ymdk tnremaj andkmd bmsus tnrsngut amd hmbtfr mpm ymdk `uput am`ml pndj`mjmd jdvnstfr am`ml lnlj`jc efusbm udtub lndemaj lndemaj pndkn`f`m pfrtfhf`jf lnrnbm6 lnrnbm6 Emwmg 5 Yn`mlmt sfrn Gnrjbut tmdkkmpmd smym pmam ajsbusj pnrtmlm ljdkku jdj Ymmt jdj tn`mc lmrmb bmtm jdvnstmsj aj lmsymrmbmt. Gmdymb lmsymrmbmt ymdk lnlu`mj jdvnstmsj andkmd gnrgmkmj gndtub. Imrm jdvnstmsj pud mam aum lmiml ymjtu `mdksudk amdsngmkmj tjamb `mdksudk. Gn`ul `mlm jdjEn`msbmd audjm jdvnstmsj aj cngfcbmd andkmd bmsus efusbm pnrusmcmmd jdvnstmsj. mpm ymdk tnremaj andkmd bmsus tnrsngut amd hmbtfr mpm ymdk `uput am`ml pndj`mjmd jdvnstfr am`ml lnlj`jc efusbm udtub lndemaj lndemaj pndkn`f`m pfrtfhf`jf lnrnb lnrnbm6 m6 Emwmg 5 Jdvnstmsj ajanhjdjsjbmd f`nc Efdns (7?=1) sngmkmj bfljtlnd pndamdmmd bn am`ml smtu mtmu `ngjc msnt ymdk ajpnkmdk udtub gngnrmpm pnrjfan wmbtu
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