Diseño de Una Red Optica

 

Pmkv`rskbnb Qnmtg Rgjîs. _nrrn Mkagiîs, _kþ`rgs Mkxgm. Bks`þg B` umn r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan.

BKQ@ÞG B@ PMN X@B B@ LKHXN Ñ_RKAN

Kme. Lëikx Cuikîm Eutkërr`z _kþ`rgs Mkxgm, _nrrn Mkagiîs. Lnauitnb b` Kme`mk`rên b` R`i`agjumkanakgm`s

Pmkv`rskbnb Qnmtg Rgjîs Hgegtî

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Pmkv`rskbnb Qnmtg Rgjîs. _nrrn Mkagiîs, _kþ`rgs Mkxgm. Bks`þg B` umn r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan.

8

0 b` Cumkg b` 8?>4

Rnhin b` agmt`mkbg N. 

KBKA@ B@ RNHINQ........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................. ............................. ................. ... 1 

K. 

KMRXGBPAKÑM ........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................ ............................ ...................... ........? 

 N.   Mój`rg B` Nhgmnbgs ............. ........................... ............................ ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ........................... .............>?   H.   Nmadg B` Hnmbn Glr`akbg ............. ........................... ............................ ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ .................... ......>?  A. 

........................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................. ................. >>  Q`i`aakñm b` in Lkhrn Ñptkan .............

 B. 

Q`i`aakñm b` `qukpgs GIR, Qpiktt`rs y GMR  ............. ........................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................. ............................. ...................... ........>8 

n.  h. 

Q`i`aakñm b` GIR3 ............. ........................... ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ .................. .... >8  ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ........................... .............>8  Q`i`aakñm b` Qpiktt`r3 ..............

a. 

Q`i`aakñm b` GMR3 ............. ........................... ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ .................. .... >8 

@.   Bks`þg B` X`b @m Agmcumtg X`skb`makni (LRRD) ............ .......................... ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................ ............................ ........................... .............>1 

L. 

Aîiauigs b` _`rbkbns........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................. ............................. ................ >2 

E. 

Agstgs b`i skst`jn ........................... .......................................... ............................. ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ .................. .... ><

AGMAIPQKGM@Q ........................... .......................................... ............................ ........................... ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................ ............................ ........................... .............>4  X@L@X@MAKNQ ............................ .......................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................. ................. >; 

 

Pmkv`rskbnb Qnmtg Rgjîs. _nrrn Mkagiîs, _kþ`rgs Mkxgm. Bks`þg B` umn r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan.

1

N.  KBKA@ B@ RNHINQ >.   Mój`rg B` Nhgmnbgs _gr Rgrr` ........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ......................... ...........>?  8.  >.

 

HU pgr A. X`skb`makni ........................... .......................................... ............................. ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ......................... ...........>?  Rkpg B` Lkhrn Q`i`aakgmnbn .......................... ......................................... ............................. ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ .................. ....>8

 

 

Pmkv`rskbnb Qnmtg Rgjîs. _nrrn Mkagiîs, _kþ`rgs Mkxgm. Bks`þg B` umn r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan.

2

ÊMBKA@ B@ KJÎE@M@Q

>. 

Phkanakñm B`i _rgy`atg .......................... ......................................... ............................. ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ........................... .............;  

8. 

Bks`þg b` r`b y tkpgigeên. ............................ .......................................... ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ .................... ...... >> 

1. 

J`bkbns pgr pksg ........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................ ............................ .................... ......>1 

2. 

J`bkbns lkin b` tgrr`s ........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ........................... .............>2 

 

Pmkv`rskbnb Qnmtg Rgjîs. _nrrn Mkagiîs, _kþ`rgs Mkxgm. Bks`þg B` umn r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan.

0

 X`suj`m ‒ @i @i skeuk`mt` prgy`atg agmskst` `m in bks`þg b` in kjpi`j`mtnakñm b`i anhi`nbg b` lkhrn ñptkan `m `i hnrrkg Rkmtni b` in akubnb b` Hgegtî agm um îr`n b` 2fj aunbrnbgs, b`hkbg n qu` `m `stn îr`n nóm mg s` `mau`mtrn b`spik`eu` b` lkhrn ñptkan pgr pnrt` b` igs b`jîs gp`rnbgr`s b` t`i`agjumkanakgm`s, nb`jîs s` t`mbrî `m au`mtn ins anrnat`rêstkans b`i t`rr`mg, anrnat`rêstkans `s`makni`s pnrn in anpnakbnb b` kmlgrjnakñm, v`igakbnb b` trnmsjkskñm y igs aukbnbgs pnrn in kmstninakñm b` in lkhrn ñptkan burnmt` su kmstninakñm pnrn ns`eurnr su hu`m lumakgmnjk`mtg.  Êmbka` b` Rërjkmgs ‒ anhi`nbg anhi`nbg y t`mbkbg b` lkhrn, nmadg b` hnmbn, v`igakbnb b` trnmsjkskñm, agm`atgr`s, `jpnij`s `ta.

 

Pmkv`rskbnb Qnmtg Rgjîs. _nrrn Mkagiîs, _kþ`rgs Mkxgm. Bks`þg B` umn r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan.

K. 

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KMRXGBPAKÑM

In kmstninakñm b` lkhrn ñptkan trn` agmskeg vnrkns v`mtncns agjg in v`igakbnb b` trnmsjkskñm y nmadg b`  hnmbn, pnrn trnmsjkskñm b` in kmlgrjnakñm. In kmstninakñm b` lkhrn `s um skst`jn b` agjumkanakñm bb`` lkhrn ñptkan agmstn b` tr`s agjpgm`mt`s prkmakpni`s3 trnmsjksgr ñptkag, anhi` b` lkhrn ñptkan y um r`a`ptgr ñptkag. @st` skst`jn dn r``jpinznbg `m ernm j`bkbn n ins agjumkanakgm`s b` anhi`s b` aghr` `m ins r`b`s a`mtrni`s `m `i jumbg, b`hkbg n sus v`mtncns sghr` in trnmsjkskñm `iëatrkan. @i vgiuj`m b` bntgs qu` igs anhi`s b` lkhrn ñptkan trnmsjkt`m pgr umkbnb b` tk`jpg `s juadg j`cgr qu` igs anhi`s b` aghr`. In In lkhrn ñptkan tk`m` umn tnsn juy hncn b` `rrgr b` hkt (>? @T_->1), V>Z agjg r`suitnbg b` qu` in lkhrn `s tnm r`skst`mt` n in kmt`rl`r`makn `i`atrgjnemëtkan umg b` igs ernmb`s prghi`jns ni qu` s` `mlr`mtnhnm ins t`i`agjumkanakgm`s. @i ar`akjk`mtg b`i j`ranbg b` ins agjumkanakgm`s b` lkhrn ñptkan s` b`h`  prkmakpnij`mt` n ins anrnat`rêstkans mgjhrnbns nmt`rkgrj`mt`. Qkm `jhnreg s` ar`` qu` gtrn b` ins  prkmakpni`s `s b` agjg agjg igs bntgs g s`þni`s s` trnmsjkt`m n trnvës b` in iuz `m in trnmsjkskñm b` lkhrn ñptkan. _gr ig tnmtg, mg dny lgrjn b` b`t`atnr igs bntgs qu` s` trnmsjkt`m "`sauadnmbg" in `m`reên `i`atrgjnemëtkan qu` "egt`n" n trnvës b`i anhi`, ig qu` enrnmtkzn in s`eurkbnb nhsgiutn b` in kmlgrjnakñm.

 

Pmkv`rskbnb Qnmtg Rgjîs. _nrrn Mkagiîs, _kþ`rgs Mkxgm. Bks`þg B` umn r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan.

KK. 

5

B@LKMKAKÑM B@I _XGHI@JN

 N.   B`sarkpakñm b`i prghi`jn

B`hkbg n in urhnmkznakñm v`rtkani kznbn qu` s` pr`s`mtn pr`s`m tn `m `i hnrrkg Rkmtni, ig qu` skemklkan umn ernm anmtkbnb b` usunrkgs neigj`rnbgs `m um sgig pumtg, s` tk`m` agjg m`a`skbnb in kjpi`j`mtnakñm b`i t`mbkbg b` lkhrn ñptkan, yn qu` igs j`bkgs agmv`makgmni`s agjg igs anhi`s b` aghr` mg p`rjkt`m prga`snr ernmb`s jgmtgs b` kmlgrjnakñm, nb`jîs dgy `s jîs kjpr`sakmbkhi` qu` muman pnrn ins `jpr`sns y vkvk`mbns t`m`r umn hu`mn agm`xkñm b` Kmt`rm`t b` lkhrn ñptkan pu`s mg `xkst` mkmeóm j`bkg b` trnmsjkskñm b` bntgs hnsnbg `m anhi` qu` glr`a`m hnmbn nmadn agjg lkhrn ñptkan.  H.  _rghi`jn E`m`rni ·Añjg j`cgrnr in v`igakbnb y anpnakbnb b` kmlgrjnakñm `m `i s`rvkakg b` kmt`rm`t, t`i`vkskñm bkektni, t`i`lgmên y s`rvkakgs juitkj`bkn qu` kmakb`m `m igs mkv`i`s b` sntkslnaakñm pnrn igs usunrkgs usu nrkgs b`i hnrrkg Rkmtni b` in akubnb Hgegtî7 A.  _rghi`jns @sp`aêlkags ◇  ·_gr quë ig usunrkgs m`a`sktnm jîs hnmbn nmadn7 ◇  ·Auîmtg Nmadg b` hnmbn s` m`a`sktn7 ◇  ·^uë `i`j`mtgs b` r`b s` m`a`sktn `m `i bks`þg b` r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan7

 

◇ `s agstnrên `i mkv`i b` _ërbkbn b` _gt`makn igs `musunrkgs ◇  ·Auîi ·Auîmtg in kjpi`j`mtnakñm kjpi`j`mtn akñm b` inqu` r`bpu`b`m b` lkhrnt`m`r ñptkan Rkmtni7 Rkmtni7`m in r`b b` lkhrn7

 

Pmkv`rskbnb Qnmtg Rgjîs. _nrrn Mkagiîs, _kþ`rgs Mkxgm. Bks`þg B` umn r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan.

KKK. 

4

GHC@RK\GQ

 N.  Ghc`tkvg E`m`rni Bks`þnr ` kjpi`j`mtnr umn r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan qu` p`rjktn j`cgrnr in v`igakbnb y in anpnakbnb b` trnmsjkskñm `m kmt`rm`t, bkektni, t`i`lgmên y s`rvkakgs juitkj`bkn `m um îr`n b` 2 fj aunbrnbgs `m `i  hnrrkg Rkmtni b` in akubnb b` Hgegtî.  H.  Ghc`tkvgs @sp`aêlkags ◇  aniauinr auîmtn pghinakñm `s in h`m`lkaknbn `m `i îr`n s`i`aakgmnbn. ◇  Kb`mtklkanr auîmtg nmadg b` hnmbn s` m`a`sktn pnrn anbn umg b` igs usunrkgs. ◇  Kb`mtklkanr igs `i`j`mtgs b` r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan qu` s` m`a`sktn pnrn r`nikznr um nmîiksks b` agstgs. ◇  B`t`rjkmnr ins përbkbns tgtni`s b` mu`strn r`b b` lkhrn y pgr anbn umg b` igs anjkmgs n tgjnr  pnrn `i b`spik`eu` b` in r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan. ñp tkan. ◇  B`t`rjkmnr `i agstg m`a`snrkg qu` s` m`a`sktn pnrn kjpi`j`mtnr in r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan.

 

Pmkv`rskbnb Qnmtg Rgjîs. _nrrn Mkagiîs, _kþ`rgs Mkxgm. Bks`þg B` umn r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan.

K\. 

;

CPQRKLKANAKÑM

 N.   Custklkanakñm sgakni. In t`amgigeên b` lkhrn ñptkan p`rjkt` r`vgiuakgmnr ins anpnakbnb`s b` ins t`i`agjumkanakgm`s y bntgs b` umn enjn b` kmbustrkns, in p`rsgmn prgj`bkg pu`b` mg `mt`mb`r ins v`mtncns qu` in t`amgigeên b` lkhrn ñptkan mgs hrkmbn `m in vkbn agtkbknmn. Qkm `jhnreg `i agmsujkbgr `mtk`mb` \`mtncns agjg in r`prgbuaakñm b` juitkj`bkn n nitns v`igakbnb`s y ernmb`s r`sgiuakgm`s agjg  p`iêauins `m b`lkmkakñm 2f, nijna`mnjk`mtg b` sus bntgs `m in muh`, b`sanren y anren b` agmt`mkbg b` juitkj`bkn n jnygr v`igakbnb, `mtr` gtrns v`mtncns.  H.   Custklkanakñm `agmñjkan In t`amgigeên b` lkhrn ñptkan hrkmbn s`rvkakg `m um mkv`i b` anikbnb qu` ins grenmkznakgm`s agj`rakni`s y ins kmbustrkns qu` in nbgptnm. B` d`adg, in jnygrên b` `stgs iêb`r`s b` in kmbustrkn dnm pnsnbg n in t`amgigeên b` lkhrn ñptkan n j`bkbn qu` agmtkmón nvnmznmbg `m tgbns ins îr`ns b` ins t`i`agjumkanakgm`s. V8Z In `xpnmskñm b` in lkhrn ñptkan b`mtrg b` igs s`rvkakgs b` kmt`rm`t, t`i`vkskñm, j`bkgs b` trnmsjkskñm, cu`egs `m r`b, r`b`s sgakni`s y jîs, dn t`mkbg um prglumbg kjpnatg `m ig qu` ins p`rsgmns y ins grenmkznakgm`s tk`m`m in anpnakbnb b` dna`r. In t`amgigeên b` lkhrn ñptkan agmtkmunrî glr`ak`mbg juadns jîs gpgrtumkbnb`s pnrn prgpgrakgmnr n igs usunrkgs umn agjumkanakñm b` bntgs ns`qukhi`, jîs agmv`mk`mt` y b` jnygr anikbnb.

@stn îr`n `stî uhkanbn `m in akubnb b` Hgegtî Agigjhkn, `m in iganikbnb b` F`mm`by hnrrkg Rkmtni, eigrk`tn nv`mkbn njërkans agm Anik.

>.  Phkanakñm B`i _rgy`atg

 

Pmkv`rskbnb Qnmtg Rgjîs. _nrrn Mkagiîs, _kþ`rgs Mkxgm. Bks`þg B` umn r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan.

\. 

>?

B@QNXXGIIG

 N.   Mój`rg B` Nhgmnbgs Nhgmnbgs

In anmtkbnb b` nhgmnbgs qu` nt`mb`rîm p`rt`m`a` n 2 agmcumtgs r`skb`makni`s agm um tgtni b` 1008 nhgmnbgs, um tgtni b` nmadg b` hnmbn pgr nhgmnbg b` 0? JDz y auntrg aunrtgs b` t`i`agjumkanakgm`s uhkanbgs `m anbn umg b` igs agmcumtgs r`skb`makni`s bgmb` s` kmstninrnm igs rnafs. Igs agmcumtgs r`skb`makni`s `s tnm bkl`r`maknbgs pgr umn iêm`n njnrkiin b` in tnhin V>Z. Agmcumtg > tk`m` ;8j _nrn in `i`aakñm b`i tkpg b` lkhrn `m in tgpgigeên tgpgigeên `str`iin y nmkiig s` s`i`aakgmñ lkhrn ñptkan Jgmg jgbg QG>, yn qu` in bkstnmakn jîxkjn qu` tk`m` in r`b `s >?>8 j p`rt`m`ak p`rt`m`ak`mt` `mt` n in lkhrn ñptkan 0 b`i bk bks`þg, s`þg, y ins lkhrn ñptkan QG> agm umn igmektub b` gmbn b` >1>?mj >1 >?mj tk`m` um nianma` jîxkjg b` 8fj. E.? Ekenhkt. Qk`mbg `stî jîs hnrntn qu` in lkhrn ñptkan GQ8 pu`s `stn tk`m` jnygr ni nianma` anma` agm hncg mkv`i b` nt`munakñm. Q` pu`b` vksunikznr `i tkpg b` lkhrn s`i`aakgmnbg `m in tnhin V1Z.

 

Pmkv`rskbnb Qnmtg Rgjîs. _nrrn Mkagiîs, _kþ`rgs Mkxgm. Bks`þg B` umn r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan.

>8

HU (Ehps)

Rkpg b` Lkhrn ñptkan

Lkhrn gptkan3gptrgmkas gptkan3gptrgmkas PQB/j

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>;0.10

Q.J >?Ehps /82Dkigs

>,8?

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>;0.10

8

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1

>;0.10

0

>;0.10

Lkhrn

Q.J >?Ehps /82Dkigs Q.J >?Ehps /82Dkigs Q.J >?Ehps /82Dkigs Q.J >?Ehps /82Dkigs

>,8?

>,8?

>,8?

>,8?

>.  Rkpg B` Lkhrn Q`i`aakgmnbn

 B.  Q`i`aakñm b` `qukpgs GIR, Qpiktt`rs y GMR n.  Q`i`aakñm b` GIR3

_nrn in s`i`aakñm b` igs `qukpgs s` tuvk`rgm `m au`mtn in s`i`aakñm b` ins lkhrns y in b`jnmbn b` usunrkgs qu` s` m`a`sktnm pnrn auhrkr in zgmn. @m `st` ansg s` vnm n utkikznr um GIR pgr `bklkakg bgmb` b` niiê s` r`pnrtkrî in lkhrn n anbn npnrtnj`mtg, auyg GIR s` s`i`aakgmñ b` pu`rtgs >x b` `sgs  pu`rtgs s` agiganrî agiganrî um Qpikt Qpiktt`r t`r b` >x2 pnrn auj aujpikr pikr agm in b`jnmbn b`jnmbn b` 24 us usunrkgs unrkgs pgr `bklka `bklkakg. kg.  h.  Q`i`aakñm b` Qpiktt`rs3

@m in s`i`aakñm b` Qpiktt`rs s` tgjnrgm `m au`mtn in anmtkbnb b` `bklkakgs, b`hkbg n qu` anbn Qpiktt`r >x2 s` agiganrî `m `i prkj`r pksg b` anbn umg6 `m in zgmn s`i`aakgmnbn s` tgjnrgm `m au`mtn qu` sgm 52 `bklkakgs, `s b`akr, 52 Qpiktt`rs _IA >x2 QA-N_A igs auni`s sgm >x2 m`a`snrkgs pnrn auhrkr in b`jnmbn bb`` usunrkgs `m `i  prkj`r pksg b` anbn `bklkakg. a.  Q`i`aakñm b` GMR3

Q` husañ um t`rjkmni ig jîs s`mskhi` pgskhi`, p`rg, tnjhkëm s` husañ um t`rjkmni `i auni i` p`rjktn n anbn usunrkg t`m`r 2 bkspgsktkvgs agm`atnbgs agm in lnakikbnb b` `jktkr umn s`þni wklk pnrn igs usunrkgs6 b` `st` jgbg s` s`i`aakgmñ `i jñbuig E_GM GMR 2xeh`+8xlxs+8xush UINM.

 

Pmkv`rskbnb Qnmtg Rgjîs. _nrrn Mkagiîs, _kþ`rgs Mkxgm. Bks`þg B` umn r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan.

>1

@.   Bks`þg B` X`b @m Agmcumtg Agmcumtg X`skb`makn X`skb`maknii (LRRD)

In lkhrn pnrn `i dgenr (LRRD), `s in kmstninakñm y `i usg b` lkhrn ñptkan b`sb` um pumtg a`mtrni bkr`atnj`mt` n `bklkakgs kmbkvkbuni`s, agjg r`skb`makns, `bklkakgs b` npnrtnj`mtgs y `jpr`sns, pnrn  hrkmbnr umn nitn v`igakbnb skm pr`a`b`mt`s. @i skeuk`mt` bks`þg tk`m` agjg pumtgs a`mtrni`s igs aunrtgs b` t`i`agjumkanakgm`s b` anbn agmcumtg r`skb`makni. Agjg s` ju`strn `m in lkeurn 1j

1.  J`bkbns pgr pksg bë anbn tgrr`

 

Pmkv`rskbnb Qnmtg Rgjîs. _nrrn Mkagiîs, _kþ`rgs Mkxgm. Bks`þg B` umn r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan.

>2

4?j 2.  J`bkbns lkin b` tgrr`s

@i îr`n s`i`aakgmnbn s` agjpgm` b` 2 agmcumtgs r`skb`makni`s agjpu`stgs b` 4 tgrr`s pgr lkin, anbn tgrr` tk`m` b` 4?jb ` bkstnmakn b` in umn ni n gtrn y >8 pksgs agjg s` ju`strn `m in kjne`m V2Z agm umn niturn `mtr`  pksgs b` 1j6 igs pksgs b` anbn tgrr` i` agrr`spgmb`m agrr `spgmb`m 2 npnrtnj`mtgs agjg s` ju`strn `m in i n kjne`m V1Z. L.  Aîiauigs b` _`rbkbns n.  Agjg s` pu`b` `vkb`maknr `m `i ernlkag 8 bgmb` s` ju`strnm in bkstrkhuakñm b` lkhrns `m in zgmn s`i`aakgmnbn, s` r`nikznrgm igs aîiauigs b` përbkbns qu` ii`enrênm n anbn agmcumtg, `stgs aîiauigs `stîm `xpr`snbgs `m `i aunbrg b` @xa`i nm`xg n `st` bgauj`mtg.  h.  @m ins dgcns tktuinbns "p`rbkbns b` agmcumtg #" s` ju`strn b` lgrjn erîlkan ins p`rbkbns qu` ii`enrênm n anbn tgrr` b`i `bklkakg y anbn p`rbkbn agm in qu` ii`enrên in kmlgrjnakñm n anbn npnrtnj`mtg, b` `stn lgrjn s` igern `vkb`maknr qu` ins p`rbkbns agm ins qu` ii`en in kmlgrjnakñm sgm juy jêmkjns b`hkbg n in bkstnmakn n in qu` qu ` s` `mau`mtrnm b`i mgbg a`m a`mtrni. trni. N jnm`rn b` `c`jpig `m `st` bgauj`mtg s` vn n jgstrnr `m in skeuk`mt` tnhin umn hr`v` `xpikanakñm pnrn `mt`mb`r `i bgauj`mtg @xa`i agm jîs lnakikbnb.

 

Pmkv`rskbnb Qnmtg Rgjîs. _nrrn Mkagiîs, _kþ`rgs Mkxgm. Bks`þg B` umn r`b b` lkhrn ñptkan.

>0

agmcumtg tgrr` > bkstnmakn (j)  p`rbkbns `m `i  përbkbns tgtni`s Bkstnmakn GIR >[ 8 agmcumtg (bH) _nrn anbn pksg GIR 1 y 2

 përbkbns  përbkbns `m `i (bH) agmcumtg (bH)

 pumtg a`mtrni b`i agmcumtg  pksg>  pksg8  pksg1  pksg2  pksg0  pksg<  pksg5  pksg4  pksg;

81<

?,?

?,< 1>; 188 180 184 11> 112 115 12?

?,>>?< ?,>>>>85 ?,>>150 ?,>>24 ?,>>040 ?,>>>5;0 ?,>>;

1,>;18 1,>;280 1,>;01 1,>;;52 1,>;420 1,>;;0 1,8??00 1,8?><

001 00< 00; 088 00< 08

>,8? >,8? >,8? >,8? >,8?

841,8 >8>2,2 84

$ 48.;8?.???,??

RGRNI, NMPNI

20;,< 8;2 8

RGRNI PQB 2.  Rnhin 2. Agstgs b` lkhrn `m `i b`spik`eu` n anbn agmcumtg.

Nþg

_r`akg Rgtni $PQB

$ 1>.02? nþgs, agm umn tnsn b` kmt`rës b`i >% j`msuni. B`hkbg n in anmtkbnb b` agstgs s` vn n r`nikznr um jnre`m b` `rrgr b`i >?%, `s b`akr qu` s` vn n sgikaktnr um prëstnjg b` $ 81.???.???.???,?? b` p`sgs, `s b`akr, n >? nþgs `i vnigr b`  prëstnjg `s b` $ 85.