Diseño de Pozos Profundos

 

CK^LÔF CL QF_F^ QUFJ\GCF^

 

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 DGÄIK^K^ CL IF^ IF^ JJD DNS NSFUL^ FUL^ CL QUFC\NNKÞG CLI QF_F

 

4. DGÄIK^K^ CL IF^ JDNSFUL^ CL QUFC\NNKÞG CLI QF_F Lg id slilnnkþg cl ids lsplnkjndnkfgls cl ifs lil`lgtfs nfgstuvfs cli pfzf y su cltlr`kgdnkþg pdrd ugd eulgd  prfcunnkþg sl clelg tlglr lg nulgtd ?       

Id ifndikzdnkþg Li usf cli dhud Li nducdi rlqulrkcf Ndrdntlràsnds cl ids fr`dnkfgls d plrfrdr  Ids ndrdntlràsnds cl ifs dnuàlrfs Ifs `ëtfcfs cl nfgstrunnkþg Ifs `ëtfcfs cl ik`pklzd f clsdrrfiif cli pfzf

 

4. DGÄIK^K^ CL IF^ JDNSFUL^ CL QUFC\NNKÞG CLI QF_F •

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4.4 IFNDIK_DNKÚG CLI QF_F Li pfzf clel ifndikzdrsl d ugd nftd suplrkfr d nudiquklr ulgtl nlrndgd cl nfgtd`kgdnkþg y clel slr dnnlskeil pdrd clrldikzdr su nfgstrunnkþg, ids pruleds ef`elf, fplrdnkþg y idefrls gfr`dils cl `dgtlgk`klgtf.

 

4. DGÄIK^K^ CL IF^ JDNSFUL^ CL QUFC\NNKÞG CLI QF_F •

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4.4 IFNDIK_DNKÚG CLI QF_F

Nudgcf mdyd prlslgnkd cl ulgtls nfgtd`kgdgtls, sl rlnf`klgcd `dgtlglr ids skhuklgtls ckstdgnkds cli  pfzf,, nfgskclrdgcf qul ifs `dtlrkdils cli suesulif  pfzf lglg ids ndrdntlràsnds cl jitrdnkþg cl ids drlgds? Sdgquls sëptnfs

5< `

 Dindgtdrkiids Nd` Dindgtd pfs cl rkiids crlgdols Hdipfgls Nfrrklgtls cl dhud

5< ` >< ` >1 ` >1 `

 

4. DGÄIK^K^ CL IF^ JDNSFUL^ CL QUFC\NNKÞG CLI QF_F •

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4.5 CLI DH\D QF_F ^l QUFQÞ^KSF^ clelräg cljgkr ids CLI jgdikcdcls `äs k`pfrtdgtls cli dhud cli pfzf nf`f usf cf`ëstnf y `ugknkpdi, rklhf, crlgdol, dhrfkgcusrkd, lgrl frfs usfs 2 usfs 2 nfg li feoltf cl lstdeilnlr ids nfgcknkfgls cl sdikcd cli  pfzf y li nducdi rlqulrkcf lg ndcd ndsf, dugqul gf sld pfskeil sdsdnlr ids glnlskcdcls lg ug sfif pfzf.

 

4. DGÄIK^K^ CL IF^ JDNSFUL^ CL QUFC\NNKÞG CLI QF_F •

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4.> NDUDNSLUÀ^SKND^ CL ID JFU@DNKÞG D QLUJFUDU

Li dgäiksks cl ifs `dtlrkdils gf nfgsfikcdcfs (drlgds, hrdvds, rliilgfs, ndgtfs rfcdcfs, rfnds rdnturdcds), y cl ifs `dtlrkdils nfgsfikcdcfs ( drlgksnds, rfndsckslôf sdgds)  plr`ktlg rldikzdr ug dclnudcf pdrd, lsnfhlr ifs dntfrls ck`lgskfgdils dprfpkdcfs cl dnulrcf nfg id fr`dnkþg y nfg ifs `dtlrkdils d usdr lg su nfgstrunn nfgstrunnkþg kþg

 

4. DGÄIK^K^ CL IF^ JDNSFUL^ CL QUFC\NNKÞG CLI QF_F •

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4.3 LT\KQF [ @ËSFCF^ CL NFG^SU\NNKÞG ^l clel tlglr lg nulgtd id ckspfgkekikcdc cl lqukpfs pdrd id fr`dnkþg d plrfrdr. Qdrd nudiquklr lqukpf, sl clsnrkelg sus vlgtdods, clsvlgtdods y dcl`äs ndrdntlràsnds tëngknds. Lg gulstrf `lckf, ifs `äs nf`ugls sfg ifs skhuklgtls?

 

4. DGÄIK^K^ CL IF^ JDNSFUL^ CL QUFC\NNKÞG CLI QF_F •

4.3 LT\KQF [ @ËSFCF^ CL NFG^SU\NNKÞG

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Lqukpfs cl plrnuskþg, kgckndgcf su

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ndpdnkcdc y nidsl cl mlrrd`klgtds mlrrd`klgtds.. Lqukpf pfr rftdnkþg, kgckndgcf su ndpdnkcdc, ukcf cl plrfrdnkþg (dhud, ifcf, dkrl) y sk ls ckrlntf f kgvlrsd.

 

4. DGÄIK^K^ CL IF^ JDNSFUL^ CL QUFC\NNKÞG CLI QF_F •

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4.3 LT\KQF [ @ËSFCF^ @ËSFCF^ CL NFG^SU\NNKÞG

Nfg id kgfr`dnkþg feslrvdcd sferl ids fr`dnkfgls y ifs lqukpfs, sl cltlr`kgd lg ndcd ndsf if skhuklgtl? @ëtfcf cl nfgstrunnkþg `äs dclnudcf.

Ids tuelràds cl rlvls`klgtf. rlvls`klgtf. Li pf cl rlokiid y id vlifnkcdc cl lgtrdcd cli dhud pdrd lvktdr qul id lxtrdnnkþg nfggud cl jgfs pulcd fr`dr ndvkcdcls y nfgiilvdr li nfidpsf cli pfzf. Id vlrndikcdc plr`kskeil, if qul clplgclrä cli usf cli pfzf y id nidsl cl ef`ed. Nfifndnkþg cl l`pdqul cl hrdvd. Li `ëtfcf `äs dprfpkdcf pdrd li clsdrrfiif cli pfzf.

 

4. DGÄIK^K^ CL IF^ JDNSFUL^ CL QUFC\NNKÞG CLI QF_F •

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4.< IK@QKL_D F CL^DUUFIIF CLI QF_F ^fg ids dnvkcdcls qul sl rldikzdg ugd vlz sl tlr`kgd li pfzf nfg li jg cl rlrdr li ik`f (drlgd jgd dirlclcfr cli jitrf), pdrd qul li  jitrf ugnkfgl nf`f ug jitrf gdturdi cl drlgd f hrdvd `äs hrulsd y ugkfr`l2 cl su llnvkcdc clplgcl id prfcunnkþg y ljnklgnkd cli dhud ckspfgkeil lg li pfzf.

 

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5.

KGJFU@DNKÞG QULIK@KGDU QDUD LI CK^LÔF

 

5. KGJFU@DNKÞG QULIK@KGDU QDUD LI CK^LÔF Clspuës cl slilnnkfgdr li skf, sl mdrä ugd  plrfrdnkþg cl pruled pruled f pfz pfzf f cl kgvlshdnkþg. ^k sl ckspfgl cl ug lqukpf cl plrfrdnkþg pfr rftdnkþg, li pfzf sl mdrä prllrlgnkdi`lgtl lg :  puihdcds y nfg ugd prfugckcdc cl tftdi tftdi cl mdstd nudgcf sl mdydg plrfrdcf nf`piltd`lgtl ifs dnuàlrfs. Lg slhukcd sl tf`drä id skhuklgtl kgfr`dnkþg cli  pfzf cl cl pruled?

 

5. KGJFU@DNKÞG QULIK@KGDU QDUD LI CK^LÔF •

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5.4 SF@D CL @\L^SUD^ @ \L^SUD^ Curdgtl id plrfrdnkþg sl tf`dräg `ulstrds cl sulif ndcd `ltrf, qul lstdräg rllrlgnkdcds cl dnulrcf nfg su prfugckcdc y gu`lrdcds lg frclg, mdnklgcf ugd clsnrkpnkþg cl tfcds sus ndrdntlràsnds. Li prfpþsktf cl lstd dnvkcdc ls kclgjndr ids  fr`dnkfgls dtrdvlsdcds y rlnfgstrukr id nfiu`gd lstrdhräjnd cl id plrfrdnkþg nfg ids `ulstrds cl drlgd cl ids fr`dnkfgls2 dcl`äs, sl clelg dgdikzdr y ckeuodr ids nurvds cl dgäiksks hrdguif`ëtrknf pdrd cltlr`kgdr ifs `lofrls dnuàlrfs.

 

5. KGJFU@DNKÞG QULIK@KGDU QDUD LI CK^LÔF •

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5.5 SD^D^ CL QLUJFUDNKÞG ^l mdrä ugd clsnrkpnkþg cl ifs l`pfs cl plgltrdnkþg cl d if idrhf cl id prfugckcdc clididerfnd fr`dnkþg, lstfs vdifrls nfgrfgtdcfs nfg id nfiu`gd lstrdhräjnd plr`kräg supfglr  pfsknkfgls rlidvds cl ifs ifs dnuàlrfs.

 

5. KGJFU@DNKÞG QULIK@KGDU QDUD LI CK^LÔF •

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5.> ZK^NF^KCDC CLI IFCF CL QLUJFUDNKÞG Li ndekf cl vksnfskcdc pulcl cltlr`kgdr ug nd`ekf lg ids fr`dnkfgls dtrdvlsdcds. ^k edod id vksnfskcdc cli ifcf, skhgkjnd qul lstä dtrdvlsdgcf ugd fr`dnkþg cl drlgd-dhud2 lstd ndrdntlràsnd, ougtf nfg id tf`d cl `ulstrds y ifs l`pfs cl plrfrdnkþg, dyucdg d cljgkr ids pfsknkfgls cl ifs cklrlgtls dnuàlrfs.

 

5. KGJFU@DNKÞG QULIK@KGDU QDUD LI CK^LÔF •

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5.3 ULHK^SUF^ LILNSUKNF^ \gd vlz tlr`kgdcd id prfugckcdc tftdi cl id  plrfrdnkþg cl pruled, sl prfnlcl d pdrd tf`drlstl li rlhkstrf liëntrknf nfg li lqukpf ckspfgkeil  jg. Li rlhkstrf prfpfrnkfgd ugd hräjnd cfgcl sl feslrvdg ids vdrkdnkfgls cli pftlgnkdi lspfgtäglf, rlsksvkcdc y rdyfs hd``d d if idrhf cli pfzf. \g lstuckf lg nfgougtf gfs plr`ktl cltlr`kgdr ifs skfs `äs dvfrdeils pdrd kgstdidr ids rlokiids.

 

5. KGJFU@DNKÞG QULIK@KGDU QDUD LI CK^LÔF •

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5.< NDIKCDC CLI DH\D DH\D   ^l tf`dg `ulstrds cl dhud cl ugd pruled  prlik`kgdr cl ef`elf y su dgäiksks cltlr`kgd id lsnfhlgnkd cl ifs `dtlrkdils d uikzdr. Li dgäiksks sknf- quà`knf lgl kgnkclgnkd lg id cltlr`kgdnkþg cl ids delrturds cl id rlokiid. Lstd pruled cl ef`elf prlik`kgdr pulcl cltlr`kgdr id prfcunnkþg pfskeil cli pfz pfzf. f.

 

5. KGJFU@DNKÞG QULIK@KGDU QDUD LI CK^LÔF •

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5.: KGJFU@DNKÞG CL QF_F^ NFG^SU\ÀCF^ Id kgfr`dnkþg sferl ifs pfzfs yd nfgstrukcfs lg id zfgd nfgtrkeuyl d lvdiudr id pfskeil  prfcunnkþg cl id fr`dnkþg dnuàlrd, id nfgrfgtdnkþg cl id nfiu`gd lstrdhräjnd, id ndikcdc cli dhud, id nidsl cl dnuàlrf y ifs gkvlils lstänfs.

 

>  DGÄIK^K^ CL ID^ DULGD^ •

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>. DGÄIK^K^ CL ID^ DULGD^  D ids `ulstrds cl drlgd qul kclgjndg ifs dnuàlrfs sl ils mdnl li dgäiksks hrdguif`ëtrknf  pdrd nfgfnlr li td`dôf y id prfpfrnkþg prfpfrnkþg lg qul sl lgnulgtrdg. Mdy lstrdtfs nf`pulstfs pfr pdrnuid ugkfr`ls y pfr cklrlgtls td`dôfs `lznidcfs nfg jgfs, ik`fs drnkiids f nf`ekgdcfs nfg `dtlrkdi hrulsf cl vdrkdcf td`dôf.

 

>. DGÄIK^K^ CL ID^ DULGD^ •

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>.4 DGÄIK^K^ HUDG\IF@ËSUKNF Clscl li pugtf cl vkstd cli dprfvlnmd`klgtf cl ids dhuds suetlrräglds, id ndrdntlràsnds `äs k`pfrtdgtl lstl d`dôfs dgäiksks cl ls ids id cksrkeunkþg cl cl ifs  pdrnuidss qul nf`pfglg ndcd lstrdtf .  pdrnuid

 

>. DGÄIK^K^ CL ID^ DULGD^ •

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>.5 LT\KQF QDUD ULDIK_DU LI DGÄIK^K^ HUDG\IF@ËSUKNF Mfrgf cl slndcf  Oulhf cl td`knls td`knls Edidgzd cl slgskekikcdc mdstd cl ug hrd`f

 

>. DGÄIK^K^ CL ID^ DULGD^ •

>.> O\LHF >.>  O\LHF CL CL SSD@KNL^ D@KNL^ SD@KNL^ DULGD JKGD

DULGD @LCKD

DULGD HU\L^D

G± >1 F 1..>: ``

G± 31 F 1.351 ``

G± 51 F 1.=34 ``

G± = F 5.>= ``

G± 1 F 1..< N\UZD N\UZD CL DGÄIK^K^ HUDG\IF@ËSUKNF Id rlprlslgtdnkþg hräjnd cl ifs dgäiksks hrdguif`ëtrknfs cl drlgds sl mdnl tf`dgcf lg ids frclgdcds ifs vdifrls cl ifs pfrnlgtdols rltlgkcfs dnu`uidcfs y lg ids desnksds ifs vdifrls cl ids delrturds cl ifs td`knls. Lg dihugfs lstuckfs nf`f cl `ulstrds cl mfr`khþg, ids desnksds slidtf`dg lg puls ugd lsndid ifhdràt`knd li jg cl nf`prk`kr hräjnd, id cklrlgnkd lgtrl nfg ifs td`dôfs `äxk`f y `àgk`f ls hrdgcl y lg ids frclgdcds sl dgftd li  pfrnlgtdol qul pdsd lg ndcd td`kz. Id nurvd cd di nfgtrdrkf rlsplntf d id prk`lrd.

 

>. DGÄIK^K^ CL ID^ DULGD^ •

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>.< N\UZD CL DGÄIK^K^ HUDG\IF@ËSUKNF Ifs vdifrls fetlgkcfs cl ug lgsdyf hrdguif`ëtrknf sl pulclg feslrvdr lg id skhuklgtl tdeid. Lol`pif? Qlsf frkhkgdi cl. id `ulsrd 3:1 hrd`fs hrd`fs. Hrdndr id rlsplnvd nurvd.

SD@K_

QL^F CL ID @\L^SUD (hrs)

% ULSLGKCF

% ULSLGKCKCF DN\@\IDCF

G± 4: F 4.4; ``

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G± >1 F 1.. DGÄIK^K^ CL ID^ DULGD^ >.: DQIKNDNKÞG HUDG\IF@ËSUKNF

CLI

DGÄIK^K^

Id hrdguif`ltràd cl ugd drlgd plr`ktl nfgfnlr id plr`ldeki plr`ldekikcdc kcdc cli lstrdt lstrdtf f prfcuntfr y cltlr`kgd id delrturd cl ifs itrfs f rlokiids qul clelg nfifndrsl jrlgtl d lstds drlgds.

 

>. DGÄIK^K^ CL ID^ DULGD^ •

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>.8 DQIKNDNKÞG CLI DGÄIK^K^ HUDG\IF@ËSUKNF Qdrd ug cltlr`kgdcf td`dôf llnvf (SL), nudgtf `äs plqulôf sldplr`ldekikcdc. li nfljnklgtl cl^lugkfr`kcdc (N\), `dyfr slrä id md lgnfgtrdcf lxplrk`lgtdi`lgtl qul id plr`ldekikcdc ls  prfpfrnkfgdi di nudcrdcf cli SL.

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 Dsà pfr lol`pif, sk cfs drlgds lglg ug N\ cl 4.: y sus SL sfg 1.5 y 1.= `` rlsplnvd`lgtl, id  plr`ldekikcdc cl id slhugcd slrä 4: vlnls `dyfr qul id cl id prk`lrd.

 

>. DGÄIK^K^ CL ID^ DULGD^ •

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Nfg li dgäiksks hrdguif`ëtrknf? ^l ckslôdg ifs jitrfs ^l ckslôdg ifs l`pdqul cl hrdvds ^l cltlr`kgdg ifs lstrdtfs `äs  prfcunvfs.

 

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3. JDNSFUL^ CL CK^LÔF CLI QF_F

 

3. JDNSFUL^ CL CK^LÔF CLI QF_F •

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Ifs pfzfs rlsuitdg eäsknd`lgtl cl cfs lil`lgtfs prkgnkpdils? Id pdrtl lg cfgcl sl difodrä id ef`ed y qul skrvl cl nfgcuntf vlrndi cli dhud clscl li dnuàlrf mdstd id lgtrdcd cl id `ks`d.(tuelràd cl rlvls`klgt rlvls`klgtf) f) Id tf`d cli dhud cli dnuàlrf, f sld, id rlokiid2 su ckslôf lxkhl nfgskclrdnkfgls `uy nukcdcfsds cl ifs dntfrls mkcräuiknfs mkcräuiknfs..

 

3. JDNSFUL^ CL CK^LÔF CLI QF_F •

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3.4 S\ELUÀD CL ULZL^SK@KLGS ULZL^SK@KLGSF F Clel tlglr id ifghktuc sujnklgtl qul plr`ktd fetlglr li Li `äxk`f ckä`ltrfded`klgtf ckä`ltrf dprfpkdcfpfskeil. ls dquli qul plr`ktl nfifndr nfgvlgklgtl`lgtl id ef`ed, dcl`äs cl  prfpfrnkfgdril ugd prftlnnkþg prftlnnkþg dclnudc dclnudcd. d. Li ckä`ltrf cl id tuelràd clel slr cfs gÿ`lrfs `dyfr qul li ckä`ltrf cl id ef`ed2 lstf ls, sk li ckä`ltrf gf`kgdi cl id ef`ed ls 3 puihdcds, li cl id tuelràd cl rlvls`klgtf rlvls`klg tf slrä cl : puihdcds

 

3. JDNSFUL^ CL CK^LÔF CLI QF_F •

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3.4 S\ELUÀD CL ULZL^SK@KLGSF ULZL^SK@KLGSF Id tuelràd uikzdcd pdrd li rlvls`klgtf skrvl cl lil`lgtf lstrunturdi cl rltlgnkþg pdrd id pdrlc cli pfzf2 pfr if tdgtf su lsplsfr y su rlskstlgnkd clelg slr dprfpkdcfs pdrd rlsksr ids ndrhds y clspuës cl c l id kgstdidnkþg. Li `dtlrkdi qul `äs sl usd pdrd li rlvls`klgtf ls li dnlrf dnlrf nfg  nfg trd`fs ugkcfs pfr sficdcurd f nfg rfsnd. Sd`ekëg sl uikzd id tuelràd cl QZN QZN pdrd  pdrd prfugckcdcls `lgfrls d :1 ` y mdstd 43  puihdcds cl ckä`ltrf. Khudi`lgtl sl pulclg uikzdr li dnlrf kgfxkcdeil, dildnkfgls nferl gàquli, erfgnl y li diu`kgkf.

 

3. JDNSFUL^ CL CK^LÔF CLI QF_F •

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3.4 S\ELUÀD CL ULZL^SK@KLGSF Id tdeid skhuklgtl `ulstrd ifs ckä`ltrfs rlnf`lgcdcfs pdrd id tuelràd cl rlvls`klgtf rlvls`klgtf y pdrd id ef`ed cl dnulrcf nfg ifs vdifrls cl nducdils cl ef`elf.

Nducdi lsplrdcf cli pfzf

Ckä`ltrf gf`kgdi cl ifs tdzfgls

Ckä`ltrf cl id tuelràd cl rlvls`klgtf

It/slh

puih

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Þp`f @àgk`f

@lgfs cl :

3

411

411(45")

=1 d 451

45

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311(4:") >/3 d ;4/5 454/3 43>/3 484/5 d 55 51 d 53

41 3 5 5:

51 3 dd > >: 1 > >:

 

3. JDNS JDNSFUL^ FUL^ CL CK^LÔF CLI QF_F 3.> QUFJ\GCKCDC SFSDI CLI QF_F Id plrfrdnkþg sl mdnl hlglrdi`lgtl mdstd li  jfgcf cli dnuàjlrf , nfg li jg cl uikzdr li `dyfr lsplsfr cli dnuàlrf pdrd nfifndr ids rlokiids2 lstf `lofrd id ndpdnkcdc lsplnànd y fetlgl `dyfr dedt`klgf  plr`klgcf du`lgtdr du`lgtdr li nducdi.

ckspfgkeil ,

 

3. JDNSFUL^ CL CK^LÔF CLI QF_F •

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3.3 ULOKIID^ 3.3.4 Ckslôf Nfgstuyl ugf cl ifs lil`lgtfs `äs k`pfrtdgtls lg id prfcunnkþg y ljnklgnkd cli pfzf. Clel slr ckslôdcd pdrd qul li dhud lgtrl skg gkghÿg festänuif di pfzf y plr`ktd ug eulg clsdrrfiif clsdrrfiif   cli `ks`f. ^l kgsdidg jrlgl d ids jfr`dnkfgls cl drlgd y hrdvd lg cfgcl sl lgnulgrlg ifs `lofrls dnuàjlrfs

 

3. JDNSFUL^ CL CK^LÔF CLI QF_F •

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3.3 ULOKIID^ 3.3.4 Ckslôf ^u ckslôf, dcl`äs cl plr`kr ug ärld ikerl `äxk`d cl lgtrdcd cli dhud cl dnulrcf nfg li td`dôf cl ids delrturds glnlsdrkds pdrd nfgtrfidr id drlgd cli dnuàlrf, clel fjrlnlr id sunklgl  jfrdilzd  jfrd ilzd pdrd nfglglr nfglglr id jjfr`dnkþg fr`dnkþg

 

3. JDNSFUL^ CL CK^LÔF CLI QF_F •

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3.3 ULOKIID^ 3.3.4 Ckslôf Clel slr cl ug `dtlrkdi qul gf sld dlntdcf pfr id dnnkþg quà`knd gk cl sfiunkfgls qul uiknlg pdrd cksfivlr nudiquklr kgnrustdnkþg `kglrdi qul dpdrlznd curdgtl li usf cli pfzf. Id ifghktuc y nfifndnkþg cl id rlokiid lg li pfzf clelg lvktdr qul sferl pdsl li gkvli cl ef`elf f qul qulcl lgjrlgdcd d ësd.

 

3. JDNSFUL^ CL CK^LÔF CLI QF_F •

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3.3 ULOKIID^ 3.3.5 Nidsls cl rlokiids Id lgtrdcd cli dhud di pfzf sl pulcl ifhrdr pfr `lckf ifs skhuklgtls skhuklgtls lil`lgtfs?  D trdvës cl id prfpkd tuelràd cl rlvls`klg rlvls`klgtf tf cli  pfzf  pfz f rdgurägcfid rdgurägcfid lg  lg ifghktucls nfgvlgklgtls y d ids prfugckcdcls lg cfgcl sl lgnulgtrlg ifs dnuàlrfs. Slid `läiknd nf`lrnkdi cl did`erl hdivdgkzdcf. hdivdgkzdcf.

 

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3.3 ULOKIID^ 3.3.5 Nidsls cl rlokiids Jkirfs jfr`dcfs pfr ug did`erl lgrfiidcf sferl ugd oduid cl vdrkiids vlrtndils. vlrtndils. Lstd  fr`d cl ifs jitrfs `fclrgfs prlslgtd ids skhuklgtls ndrdntlràsnds? Ifs hrdgfs cl drlgd qul hlglrdi`lgtl sfg cl  fr`d lsërknds gf clelg tdpfgdrid, pfrqul lglg id rdgurd if `äs idrhd pfskeil.

 

3. JDNSFUL^ CL CK^LÔF CLI QF_F •

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3.3 ULOKIID^ 3.3.5 Nidsls cl rlokiids Id slnnkþg trdgsvlrsdi cl id rdgurd ls `äs lsrlnmd pfr id pdrl lxlrkfr qul pfr id kglrkfr  , lvktdgcf qul ids pdrnuids cl sulif sl dtdsqulg. Ndcd delrturd fr`dcd lgtrl did`erls dcydnlgtls lgl ugd slnnkþg qul du`lgtd cli lxtlrkfr mdnkd li kgtlrkfr lg fr`d cl trdplnkf f trkäghuif.

 

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3.3 ULOKIID^ 3.3.> ^lilnnkþg

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Id slilnnkþgid cl id rlokiid pdrd nf`prlgcl cltlr`kgdnkþg cl? ug pfzf lg pdrnuidr Ckä`ltrf Ifghktuc Sd`dôf cl ids delrtu delrturds rds Li ärld tftdi cl delrturd clplgcl cl id ifghktuc y li td`dôf cl ids delrturds vdràd nfg id hrdguif`ltràd cl ids drlgds.

 

3. JDNSFUL^ CL CK^LÔF CLI QF_F •

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3.3 ULOKIID^ 3.3.3Ifghktuc? Id rlokiid sl nfifndrä lg ifs lsrdfs cl `dlrkdi `äs hrulsf f plr`ldeil y su ifghktuc clplgclrä  prkgnkpdi`lgtl cli lsplsfr cli dnuàlrf, dnuàlrf, ded`klgtf ckspfgkeil, lstrdjndnkþg cl id  fr`dnkþg y pfrnlgtdol cl ärld cl tf`d f lgtrdcd cl dhud di pfzf. Id ifghktuc ls cklrlgtl pdrd dnuàlrfs ikerls y nfgjgdcfs.

 

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3.3 ULOKIID^ 3.3.3Ifghktuc? 3.3.3.4 Dnuàlrfs d tdeid cl dhud (ikerl) Lsrdtndcfs Lg lstl ndsf sl nfifndräg ids ifghktucls cl ids rlokiids lg ifs lsrdfs `äs plr`ldeils 2 ëstfs sl lstdeilnlg `lckdgtl ifs dgäiksks ckeuodgcf ids plr`ktl nfrrlspfgcklgtls nurvds. Idhrdguif`ëtrknfs, nf`pdrdnkþg cl ids nurvds gfs lstdeilnlr id plr`ldekikcdc cl ndcd lstrdtf, tf`dgcf li td`dôf llnvf ( C;1 C;1 ), nf`f sl kgcknþ dgtlrkfr`lgtl. dgtlrkfr`lgtl. Id `ulsrd qul lghd `lofr plr`ldekikcdc rlidtvd, slrä li `lofr dnuàjlrf. dnuàjlrf .

 

3. JDNSFUL^ CL CK^LÔF CLI QF_F •

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3.3 ULOKIID^ 3.3.3Ifghktuc? 3.3.3.4 Dnuàlrfs d tdeid cl dhud Lsrdtndcfs Qfr lol`pif? ^k id `ulstrd cli lstrdtf D, lgl ug C;1 0 1.5< `` y id `ulstrd cli lstrdtf E, lgl ug C;1 0 1.84x43> 0 33.>> Hdi/`kg/pkl q 0 1.1: 0 ;.>; I/s/`

 

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Lolrnknkf G± 5? ^l lgl ug dnuàlrf d tdeid cl dhud gf lstrdjndcf nuyd prfugckcdc cl :1 ` y nducdi lsplrdcf cl :1 I/s, mdnlr li ckslôf nfrrlspfgcklgtl sk cli dgäiksks hrdguif`ëtrknf sl cltlr`kgþ ugd rlokiid G± 51 (supulstf). Lgnfgtrdr? Ifs ckä`ltrfs gf`kgdi cl id ef`ed, tuelràd cl rlvls`klgtf, ckä`ltrf cl plrfrdnkþg2 ifghktuc cl id rlokiid, ärld cl id rlokiid. (ifs cdtfs

clelg slr ifs `äs dclnudcfs)2 ousjndr ifs näinuifs.  

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^fiunkþg? Cl id tdeid cl nducdi lsplrdcf vs ckä`ltrf gf`kgdi cl ifs tdzfgls, sl slilnnkfgd pdrd ugd ug nducdi cl :1 I/s, li ckä`lrf gf`kgdi cl id ef`ed ? 41 puih. puih . Cl id `ks`d tdeid sl slilnnkfgd li ckä`lrf cl rlvlst`klg rlvlst`klgf cl 45 pui puih . Cl id tdeid f Suelràd cl hrlvls`klgtf vs tuelràd cl  plrfrdnkþg, sl slilnnkfgd lstd lstd ÿi`d? Suelràd cl plrjfrdnkþg? 48(4/5) puih.

 

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^fiunkþg? Cl id tdeid Ärlds deklrtds cl rlokiids, sl slilnnkfgd pdrd ugd rlokiid G± 51 y ckä`ltrf cl rlokiid cl 45 puh. (khudi di ckä`ltrf cl id tuelràd cl rlvls`klgtf), li ärld cl lgtrdcd cl id rlokiid pfr pkl cl ifghktuc?  Ärld cl lgrdcd 0 88 88 puih5 /pkl ^l cltlr`kgd li nducdi lsplnàjnf (q) q 0 1.1: id ifghktuc cli dnuàlrf, pdrd lstl ndsf qul lgl :1 `, id ifghktuc cl id rlokiid slrä cl 51 `. Nfg lstl cdtf sl cltlr`kgd li nducdi tftdi cl lgtrdcd yd qul? T 0 Nducdi lsplnàjnf (q)x ifghktuc cl id rlokiid (I)

T x51 0 :: I/s  

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^k   eklg lstl nducdi lstä cl dnulrcf nfg li lsplrdcf cl :1 I/s, sl clel rlvksdr id përckcd pfr rknnkþg qul sl prlslgtd lg id rlokiid mdstd id ef`ed? ^l uikzd id lnudnkþg cl Cdrny- Xklsednm?   cfgcl  0 1.1>< Qdrd if nudi sl ndinuid id vlifnkcdc cl lgtrdcd? Z 0 1.1::x3/>.434:x(1,51>5)5 0 5 `/s 1.8 `

 

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3.3 ULOKIID^ 3.3.: Ulskslgnkd 3.3.:  Ulskslgnkd cl id rlokiid Id slilnnkþg cli `dtlrkdi cl id rlokiid sl rlidnkfgd nfg id rlskstlgnkd qul clel tlglr pdrd sfpfrtdr id ndrhd cl id nfiu`gd y id prlskþg qul pulcd ndusdr su dpidstd`klgtf. Id rlskstlgnkd pdrd sfpfrtdr d`eds ulrzds clplgcl cli `þcuif cl lidsnkcdc cli `dtlrkdi. Ifs derkndgtls cl rlokiids su`kgkstrdg lg tfcfs ifs ndsfs ids

ndrdntlràsnds ndrdntlràs nds tëngknds cl tuelràds y jitrfs.  

3. JDNSFUL^ CL CK^LÔF CLI QF_F •

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3.3 ULOKIID^ 3.3.: ^lilnnkþg 3.3.:  ^lilnnkþg cl ifs `dlrkdils pdrd rlokiids Id slilnnkþg nfrrlntd cli `dtlrkdi ls ug dntfr lnfgþ`knf cl hrdg k`pfrtdgnkd lg li nudi sl clelg tlglr lg nulgtd li ndräntlr quà`knf cli dhud, id prlslgnkd cl edntlrkds qul dnkiktlg id kgnrustdnkþg lg id rlokiid y ifs rlquksktfs cl rlskstlgnkd cl nfiu`gd y fr`dnkfgls.

 

3. JDNSFUL^ CL CK^LÔF CLI QF_F •

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3.3 ULOKIID^ 3.3.: ^lilnnkþg 3.3.:  ^lilnnkþg cl ifs `dlrkdils pdrd rlokiids Ifs `dtlrkdils qul `äs rlnulgtl`lgtl sl usdg pdrd ids rlokiids sfg? erfgnl „ sàiknl, dnlrf kgfxkcdeil y erfgnl nfidcf nfg `lgfs cli 51% cl zkgn. (lxkstl ugd tdeid huàd cl `ltdils `äs uikzdcfs lg id derkndnkþg cl rlokiids y sus vlgtdods)

 

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3.< Jdnfrls qul kguylg lg id nfrrfskþg, `ëfcfs pdrd  prlvlgkrid l àgcknl cl nfrrfskvkcdc nfrrfskvkcdc ÿtils di ckslôdcfr  Fxkhlgf cksulitf lg li dhud? ^k lxnlcl cl = pp`, ls ditd`lgtl nfrrfskvd. Ckþxkcf cl ndrefgf (NF5 )? ^k lxnlcl lxnlcl cl n`/s) y qul plr`ktd li clsdrrfiif þp`f cli pfzf. ^lhukr ug prfhrd`d cl `dgtlgk`klgtf plrkþcknf y ik`pklzd lg dquliids zfgds cfgcl sl prlsu`l

qul lxkstdg prfeil`ds cl kgnrustdnkfgls.  

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3.:.5 Nfgrfi cl id kgnrusdnkþg? Srdd`klg Srdd`klgf f nfrrlntvf? Ids nfgcknkfgls pdrd li trdtd`klgtf nfg änkcf sfg?

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Id rlokiidpfr clel lstdr nfgstrukcd nfg ug `dtlrkdi qul gf sld cdôdcf li änkcf. Id rlokiid clel lstdr nfgstrukcd nfg ug `ltdi `ltdi qul lvktl lvktl id nfrrfskþg lilntrfiànd räpkcd. ^l clel nfgfnlr id nidsl cl `dtlrkdi cl kgnrustdnkfgls, nfg li  jg cl lstdeilnlr li trdtd`klgtf trdtd`klgtf nfrrlntf. Mdy ugd tdeid huàd cl ifs cklrlgtls `ëtfcfs pdrd id rlnuplrdnkþg cl pfzfs nuyds rlokiids sl mdg tdpdcf pfr

kgnrustdnkfgls.  

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IDEFUL^ CL SLU@KGDNKÞG CLI QF_ QF_F F •