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^govnrsofmf Gmeolgmi Fn Ogcngonrèm Zneogtl ^govnrsotmrol Uohõg Jlièvmr Ameuitmf fn Ogcngonrèm ]uèhoem

Fosnýl fn Timgtms Nstufol fn prn ametojoiofmf pmrm im ogstmimeoõg y punstm ng hmre`m fn ugm pimgtm fn _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn Uunrl fn Ine`n

 Miuhgls2  Meuým Nspoglzm Liovom. Eruz Hmitm Bl`ggy Uíge`nz Iõpnz Nygmr Qniísqunz Glrhmg Fmgoni.

Elmutlr2 Ogc. Unrcol Iuos Cmreèm.

Hmgmcum, :4 fn anjrnrl, :4=>.  

=

 

OGFOEN Elgtngofl  OGVZLF^EEOLG   .................................................................................................................................................................

>

LJBNVOQLU FNI NUV^FOL  ..............................................................................................................................................

1

EMTOV^IL =. 

NUV^FOL TZNIOHOGMZ  .....................................................................................................................

3

=.= 

Timgtnmhongtl fni Trljinhm  ...........................................................................................................................

3

=.: 

Bustoaoemeoõg fni Trljinhm  ..............................................................................................................................

3

=.5 

Mgtnenfngtns  ......................................................................................................................................................

3

EMTOV^IL :.  :.= 

NUV^FOL FN HNZEMFL  ................................................................................................................... 0

FNAOGOEOÕG FNI TZLF^EVL  ........................................................................................................................

0

:.=.= 

Fnseropeoõg fni Trlfuetl.  ...........................................................................................................................

0

:.=.: 

Elhplsoeoõg.   ................................................................................................................................................

0

:.=.5 

^sls.  ............................................................................................................................................................

=4

:.=.6 

Tnraoi Fni Elgsuhoflr.  ...............................................................................................................................

=4

:.=.> 

 Írnm Cnlcríaoem. Cnlcríaoem.  ........................................................................................................................................

==

:.=.1 

Trnsngtmeoõg y Hmtnromins fn Nhpmqun. ................................................................................................ ==

:.: 

MGÍIOUOU FN IM FNHMGFM  .........................................................................................................................

==

:.:.= 

Elgsuhl Tnr Eípotm.  ................................................................................................................................

:.:.: 

 Mgíiosos fn im Fnhm Fnhmgfm gfm Me Metumi tumi Ilemi. .................................................................................................... =:

:.:.5 

Trlyneeoõg fn im Fnhmgfm.  ...................................................................................................................... =:

:.5 

MGMIOUOU FN IM LANZVM  .............................................................................................................................

=:

=5

:.5.= 

Fmtls @ostõroels.  ........................................................................................................................................

=5

:.5.:  :.5.5 

Lanrtm Metumi Ilemi  ..................................................................................................................................... Trlyneeoõg fn im lanrtm  ..............................................................................................................................

=5

:.6 

=6

MGÍIOUOU LANZVM-FNHMGFM  ..................................................................................................................... =6

:.6.= 

Fnhmgfm Tltngeomi Ogsmtosane`m (FTO). .................................................................................................. =6

:.> 

MGÍIOUOU FN TZNEOLU  ..................................................................................................................................

=6

:.1 

ELHNZEOMIORMEOÕG   ......................................................................................................................................

=>

EMTOV^IL 5.  5.= 

NUV^FOL VÏEGOEL  ..........................................................................................................................

=3

VMHMÝL FN IM TIMGVM  ...............................................................................................................................

=3

5.=.= 

Qliuhng fn Trlfueeoõg.  ...........................................................................................................................

=3

5.=.: 

Empmeofmf fn Fosnýl  ................................................................................................................................

=3

5.=.5 

Empmeofmf fni Uostnhm  .............................................................................................................................. =0

 

:

 

5.=.6  5.: 

Empmeofmf Znmi  ..........................................................................................................................................

=0

ILEMIORMEOÕG FN IM TIMGVM  ..................................................................................................................

=0

5.:.=  5.5 

Hoerlilemiozmeoõg.  .......................................................................................................................................

=0

TZLENUL TZLF^EVOQL  ...............................................................................................................................

:5

5.5.= 

Trlcrmhm fn Trlfueeoõg.  .........................................................................................................................

:5

5.5.: 

Fnseropeoõg fni Trlensl.  ..........................................................................................................................

:5

5.5.5 

Fomcrmhm fn Jilqun  .................................................................................................................................

:>

5.5.6 

Fomcrmhm fn Aiubl fn Trlensl   ................................................................................................................. :1

5.6 

ZN]^NZOHONGVL FN N]^OTLU OGF^UVZOMINU  .................................................................................... :3

5.> 

ZN]^NZOHONGVL LTNZMVOQL  ....................................................................................................................

5.1 

FOUVZOJ^EOÕG FOUVZOJ^EOÕ G N OGAZMNUVZ^EV OGAZMNUVZ^EV^ZM ^ZM FN IM TIMGVM ....................................................................... 5:

54

5.1.= 

Fostrojueoõg fn Írnm fn im Ogstmimeoõg fn im Timgtm. ..............................................................................

5.1.: 

Timgl Cngnrmi Hmnstrl  .............................................................................................................................. 5>

5.1.5 

Timgl Cngnrmi ^gotmrol  ..............................................................................................................................

51

5.1.6 

Ljrms Eovoins  ...............................................................................................................................................

53

5:

5.3  MUTNEVLU MFHOGOUVZM MFHOGOUVZMVOQLU VOQLU................................................................................................................... 5? 5.3.=  Znqunrohongtl fn Zneursls @uhmgls  ................................................................................................... 5? 5.3.: 

Lrcmgocrmhm fn Lpnrmeoõg  ......................................................................................................................

EMTOV^IL 6.  6.= 

6:

NUV^FOL AOGMGEONZL  ...................................................................................................................

65

ELUVLU FN LTNZMEOÕG  ..............................................................................................................................

65

6.=.= 

Elstls fn Trlfueeoõg.  ..............................................................................................................................

65

6.=.: 

Elstls fn Elhnreomiozmeoõg y Qngtm.......................................................................................................

6?

OGQNZUOÕG AOGMGEONZM  ...............................................................................................................................

>4

6.: 

6.:.= 

Ogvnrsoõg Aobm y Fnanrofm  ............................................................................................................................ >4

6.:.: 

Empotmi Fn Vrmjmbl  .....................................................................................................................................

6.5 

A^NGVNU FN AOGMGEOMHON AOGMGEOMHONGVL GVL .................................................................................................................. >1

6.5.=  6.6 

>6

Vmsm Hègohm Menptmjin fn Zngfohongtl ................................................................................................ >1

OGCZNULU  .........................................................................................................................................................

>3

6.6.= 

Elstl ^gotmrol y Trneol fn Qngtm   ............................................................................................................. >3

6.6.: 

Trlyneeoõg fn Ogcrnsls plr Qngtm...........................................................................................................

>3

ZNU^IVMFLU FNI NUV^FOL AOGMGEONZL  .............................................................................................

>0

6.> 

6.>.= 

Elstls Aogmgeonrls  ....................................................................................................................................

>0

6.>.:  6.>.5 

Tugtl fn Nquoiojrol  ..................................................................................................................................... Znimeoõg Jngnaoeol Elstl  ..........................................................................................................................

14 1=

 

5

 

6.>.6 

Nstmfl fn Znsuitmfl.  ................................................................................................................................

1:

6.>.> 

Qmilr Trnsngtn Gntl QTG.  ........................................................................................................................

1>

6.>.1 

Vmsm Ogtnrgm fn Zntlrgl VOZ.  ................................................................................................................... 11

6.>.3 

Tnrèlfl fn Zneupnrmeoõg.  ........................................................................................................................

6.>.0 

 Mgíiosos fn Ungsojoiof Ungsojoiofmf. mf.  ............................................................................................................................ 13

13

ELGEI^UOLGNU   ...............................................................................................................................................................

3=

ZNELHNGFMEOLGNU   .....................................................................................................................................................

3:

JOJIOLCZMAOM  ...................................................................................................................................................................

35

 MGNPLU FNI FNI NUV^FO NUV^FOL L FN HNZ HNZEMFL EMFL  ......................................................................................................................

3>

Fosnýl fni Trlfuetl.  ...................................................................................................................................................

31

Mgíiosos ALFM.  ..............................................................................................................................................................

3?

EMIE^IL FN IM H^NUVZM TMZM NGE^NUVM .................................................................................................. 04 Ngeunstm.  ........................................................................................................................................................................

0=

A^NGVN FN OGALZHMEOLG UNE^GFMZOM...........................................................................................................

05

 MGNPLU FNI FNI NUV^FO NUV^FOL L VNEGOEL  ...............................................................................................................................

0>

Jmimgen fn hmtnrom prohm n ogsuhls  .....................................................................................................................  MGNPLU FNI FNI NUV^FO NUV^FOL L AOGMGEON AOGMGEONZL ZL  ........................................................................................................................

01 ?4

Vmjim fn elstls fn prlfueeoõg  ................................................................................................................................

?=

 

6

 

OGVZLF^EEOLG

Ims jnjofms iíetnms `mg tngofl hmylr mucn ng ils òitohls mýls progeopmihngtn plr im ameoiofmf qun nstms prlplreolgmg mi hlhngtl fn supior im ogcnstm fn miohngtl fn crmg ohplrtmgeom tmins elhl ni fnsmyugl ng flgfn ni ylcurt prlplreolgm votmhogms, hognrmins y mzòemrns nsngeomins pmrm fnsmrrliil fn ug jung fèm iingl fn ngnrcèm qun ameoiotmg im mpioemeolgns elrrnetm fn ims metovofmfns. Ni _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn Uunrl fn Ine`n rnvliueolgmrí ni hnremfl gmeolgmi fnjofl m im nxostngeom nsemsm fn ylcurns prlenfngtn fn nstm hmtnrom prohm ng flgfn ni mihmengmhongtl y rnenpeoõg fn im hmtnrom prohm `mstm ni prlfuetl aogmi eumi eungtm elg ug nstroetl elgtrli fn emiofmf pmrm cmrmgtozmr im ogleuofmf fni prlfuetl pmrm niil sn eungtm elg im snineeoõg euofmflsm fn nquopls nspneèaoels qun jrogfng ug jung rngfohongtl. Un prntngfn nstmjinenr pugtls fn elhnreomiozmeoõg nstrmtïcoels pmrm im vngtm nxotlsm fni _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn Uunrl fn Ine`n.

 

>

 

LJBNVOQLU FNI NUV^FOL   LJBNVOQL CNGNZMI



Znmiozmr ug nstufol fn prn ametojoiofmf pmrm im ogstmimeoõg y punstm ng hmre`m fn ugm pimgtm fn _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn Uunrl fn Ine`n.   LJBNVOQLU NUTNEOAOELU



Emieuimr im Fnhmgfm Tltngeomi Ogsmtosane`m fni hnremfl fn im Eoufmf fn Hmgmcum pmrm ni elgsuhl fn _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn Uunrl fn Ine`n fn amjroemeoõg gmeolgmi. Fohngsolgmr ils rnqunrohongtls tnegliõcoels pmrm im punstm ng hmre`m fn ugm Timgtm fn _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn Uunrl fn Ine`n. Trlynetmr tlfls ils elstls fn lpnrmeoõg y im ogvnrsoõg pmrm ni prlynetl fn punstm ng hmre`m fn ugm Timgtm fn _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn Uunrl fn Ine`n ng ni koiõhntrl =4 Emrrntnrm Hmgmcum-Hmsmym. Fntnrhogmr im rngtmjoiofmf fni prlynetl fn punstm ng hmre`m fn ugm Timgtm fn _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn Uunrl fn Ine`n ng ni koiõhntrl =4 Emrrntnrm HmgmcumHmsmym m ug `lrozlgtn fn prlynetl fn eogel mýls.

 

1

 

EMTOV^IL =. NUV^FOL TZNIOHOGMZ =.= Timgtnmhongtl fni Trljinhm Ng Goemrmcum, ni sunrl prlvngongtn fn im ine`n fn mitl vmilr gutrotovl. Uog nhjmrcl, crmgfns emgtofmfns fn nstn sujprlfuetl gl sn mprlvne`mg mfneumfmhngtn y hue`ms vnens sn vonrtng ng ils eunrpls rnenptlrns elhl pmrtn fn ils naiungtns amjroins (Hormgfm, Algsnem, & Tlgen, :443). Im mitm fnhmgfm joliõcoem fn lxècngl (FJL) fn nstls fnsne`ls, nstohmfm ngtrn 54 y >4 hoi pmrtns plr hoiiõg (pph), ils elgvonrtn ng crmvns alels fn elgtmhogmeoõg mhjongtmi. Fnjofl m nstn prljinhm nstn nstufol nstí fntnrhogmfl m `menr usl fn nstn sujprlfuetl fn im ine`n pmrm prlfueor _lcurt Fontïtoel fn jmgmgl.

=.: Bustoaoemeoõg fni Trljinhm Ni ylcurt ns ugm aungtn fn votmhogms y hognrmins, crmeoms m sus prljoõtoels qun rncuimg ims jmetnroms prnsngtns ng gunstrm ailrm ogtnstogmi y elgtrojuyng mi hnblr augeolgmhongtl fni mpmrmtl focnstovl.  Mgtn im erneongtn fnhmgfm fn ils elgsuhoflrns, emfm fèm hís prnleupmfls plr su smiuf, ni hnremfl ogtnrgmeolgmi fn nstls prlfuetls gl ensm fn ogernhngtmrsn. Ni sunrl ns ug sujprlfuetl rnsuitmgtn fn im nimjlrmeoõg fn qunsls qun sn fostogcun plr su ninvmfl vmilr gutrotovl, il eumi sn prntngfn mprlvne`mr ng im nimjlrmeoõg fn ugm jnjofm fn ylcurt elg emrmetnrèstoems pmrm ims pnrslgms gl fn fnsnmg elgsuhor miohngtls elg mitl elgtngofl fn emrjl`ofrmtls yjngïaoems fn emríetnr sustngtmjin ng imqun fontm ils goemrmcùngsns.

=.5 Mgtnenfngtns Ng Goemrmcum im ine`n mcrom, flgfn ns prlfueofm y vngfofm fn im hoshm hmgnrm qun sn ngeungtrm im Ng Goemrmcum ine`n elhòg y elrrongtn, sn punfn elgsncuor furmgtn tlfl ni mýl. Im hís plpuimr ns im fn amjroemeoõg emsnrm. Vmhjoïg `my fn amjroemeoõg ogfustromi elhl im fn im nhprnsm Tmrhmimt. nhprnsm  Tmrhmimt.   Ng Goemrmcum, im ine`n mcrom ns elgsofnrmfm ug pimtl jmsn, gmeolgmiostm y elhòg pmrm ils fnsmyugls; sog nhjmrcl mi ocumi qun ni ylcurt rncuimr sn amjroem m pmrtor fn im ernhm fn ine`n fnspnrfoeoígflsn fn im hoshm alrhm, ni sunrl. (Sokopnfom Im Ngeoeilpnfom Iojrn, :4=6) Ng hmyl fn =??= ng ils imjlrmtlrols fn Joltneglilcèm fn im ^govnrsofmf Mutõglhm fn Hïxoel (^MH) sn trmjmbmg ng ug prlynetl pmrm mprlvne`mr ni sunrl fn im ine`n iimhmfl2 (Cngmrl & Zlfrècunz @urtmfl, =??=) Nstn prlynetl prlplgèm ug ylcurt nimjlrmfl m pmrtor fni sunrl fn im ine`n qun euhpièm elg hoshms emrmetnrèstoems rnliõcoems y sngslromins fni ylcurt rncuimr. Ng im ^govnrsofmf Gmeolgmi fn Ogcngonrèm (^GO) fls nstufomgtns fn im Ameuitmf fn Ogcngonrèm ]uèhoem rnmiozmrlg su tnsos fn prncrmfl (Hlboem Hmrtègnz & @nrgígfnz @nrgígfnz, :441)euyl ljbntovl cngnrmi prlplgèm alrhuimr ugm hnzeim jmsn fn ylcurt topl jmtofl, euyl progeopmi ogsuhl aunrm sunrl fuien.

 

3

 

EMTOV^IL :. NUV^FOL FN HNZEMFL :.= FNAOGOEOÕG FNI TZLF^EVL :.=.= Fnseropeoõg fni Trlfuetl. Im hmtnrom prohm fni _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn Uunrl fn Ine`n qun emjn hngeolgmr mgtns fn fnaogor ni prlfuetl ns ni sunrl, qun gl ns hís qun im pmrtn meulsm fn im ine`n fn vmem qun sn ljtongn plr im snpmrmeoõg fn ims prltnègms (emsnègms) y fn im crmsm, trmfoeolgmihngtn ng im nimjlrmeoõg fn qunsl. Ni sunrl elgstotuyn mprlxohmfmhngtn ni ?4 % fni vliuhng fn im ine`n y elgtongn im hmylr pmrtn fn ils elhpunstls qun slg `ofrlsliujins. Ni ylcurt, ng cngnrmi, sn ljtongn m pmrtor fn im anrhngtmeoõg qun rnsuitm ni erneohongtl fn ims jmetnroms Imetljmeoiius fnijrunekoo, Juiqmroeus y Utrnptleleeus smiovmrous. V`nrhlp`oius, qun sn emrmetnrozm plr snr ug prlfuetl ugoalrhn, fn tnxturm aorhn, elg im hègohm sogïrnsos y smjlr emrmetnrèstoel, tngongfl elhl rnsuitmfl im rnfueeoõg fni p@. (Cmreèm Cmrojmy, ]uogtnrl Zmhèrnz, & Ilpnz Hugcuèm-Emgmins, =?01)  Mfnhís, ni _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl J mgmgl m p pmrtor mrtor fn Uunr Uunrl l fn In Ine`n e`n sn rnelglen elhl ug hnfol qun prlplreolgm jmetnroms prljoõtoems, msè fn elhl ltrls elhpunstls smiufmjins. Ngtrnfnnstls elhpunstls pltngeomins sn ngeungtrmg im prltnègm ine`n, imetlanrogm y micugls hognrmins im ine`n, elhl ni emieol, qun sn ljtongng fni sunrl (Cmreèm Cmrojmy, ]uogtnrl Zmhèrnz, & Ilpnz Hugcuèm-Emgmins, =?01).Uu smjlr fn jmgmgl prntngfn elgtrojuor elg ni jung smjlr m pmrtor fn ugm arutm gl nstmeolgmrom Ils prlfuetls m pmrtor fn sunrl larneng hue`ls jngnaoeols augeolgmins y punfng myufmr m ims aõrhuims m sustotuor ogsuhls hngls mfneumfls. Nstls jngnaoeols augeolgmins ogeiuyng augeolgns prljoõtoems qun slg fn crmg ohplrtmgeom pmrm ils amjroemgtns fn ylcurt. Tlr ltrm pmrtn, nstl mi ogeiuorsn ng im ntoquntm fni prlfuetl, in elgaonrn vngtmbm elhpntotovm ng ug hnremfl fn elgsuhoflrns qun jusemg euofmr su smiuf.

:.=.: Elhplsoeoõg. Ng im socuongtn tmjim sn hunstrmg ils plrengtmbns ng pnsl fn im elhplsoeoõg fni _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn Uunrl fn Ine`n, tmhjoïg sn fntmiim emfm elhplgngtn fni prlfuetl.

 

0

 

Vmjim:.= Elhplsoeoõg fni _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn Uunrl fn Ine`n. Hmtnroms prohms n ogsuhl Tlrengtmbn ng pnsl % Uunrl 14.44 Umi :.44  Mcum =1.== Jmgmgl ?.44 Umjlrozmgtn 4.46 Nfuielrmgtn 4.45> Ine`n ng Tlivl Elgsnrvmgtn Euitovl

:.44 4.45> =4.00 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

Uunrl2 Ns im pmrtn meulsm fn im ine`n fn vmem qun sn ljtongn plr im snpmrmeoõg fn ims prltnègms (emsnègms) y fn im crmsm, trmfoeolgmihngtn ng im nimjlrmeoõg fn qunsl. Uus emrmetnrèstoems elrrnsplgfng m ug ièquofl aiuofl, fn elilr mhmroiingtl, turjol, fn smjlr arnsel, fïjoihngtn fuien, fn emríetnr íeofl, elg ug elgtngofl fn gutrongtns l nxtrmetl snel fni >,>% mi 3% (nstn elgtngofl fn nxtrmetl snel fnpngfnrí fn ims nstmeolgns fni mýl y im `lhlcngozmeoõg qun sn rnmioen mi sunrl ng ni hlhngtl fn snr prlensmfl)prlvngongtn fn im ine`n. (Sokopnfom, :4=6). Tmrm nanetls fn ils eíieuils fn jmimgen fn hmtnrom y ngnrcèm ng im fntnrhogmeoõg fn ils rnqunrohongtls fn hmtnrom prohm ni sunrl fnjnrí elgtngnr 0-=4% fn nxtrmetl snel. Eilrurl fn Ulfol2 Elgleofl elhòghngtn elhl smi fn hnsm. Ns ugm sustmgeom jimgem, erostmiogm, sliujin ng ni mcum, qun mjugfm ng im gmturminzm ng alrhm fn crmgfns hmsms sõiofms l fosunitm ng ni mcum fni hmr y ng im fn micugms imcugms. Metòm elhl pnrsnvmgtn fni miohngtl, elgtrojuyn fornetmhngtn ng ni smjlr fni miohngtl, y ns ugm aungtn fn slfol fontïtoel.  Mcum2 Mquniim qun gl elgtongn elgtmhogmgtns l ljbntmjins jbntmjins ym snmg quèhoels l mcngtns oganeeolsls y qun gl emusm nanetls gleovls mi snr `uhmgl. Mi tngnr prlponfmfns gutrotovms, sn ogeiuym ng im alrhuimeoõg fni prlfuetl y qun metòn elhl nstmjoiozmgtn, elgsnrvmflr l hlfoaoemflr fn sus emrmetnrèstoems, pmrm amvlrnenr ym snm im nstmjoiofmf, elgsnrvmeoõg, mpmrongeom l menptmjoiofmf fni sunrl, ng ims nstmeolgns fni mýl flgfn im emgtofmf fn sunrl foshoguyn l muhngtm. Jmgmgl2 Ng Goemrmcum `myfosplgojoiofmf, foanrngtns toplsnstm fn jmgmgl, qunmhpiol vmrèmgelgsuhl ng elilr, yalrhm y tmhmýl. Crmeoms m su mjugfmgeom y mhpiom arutm ns fn elgstotuyn ug jlemfoiil jmrmtl, qun gl gnensotm prnpmrmeoõg. Tmrm im alrhuimeoõg fni prlfuetl sn utoiozmrm ni jmgmgl mhmroiil elhòg, elgleofl ng tlfl ni hugfl. (Qomhnroem) Umjlrozmgtn2 Hlglciutmhmtl fn slfol2 Im ogfustrom miohngtmrom elhnreomiozm y usm ni CHU elhl ug pltngeomflr fni smjlr, fnjofl m qun nquoiojrm, elhjogm y rnsmitm ni emríetnr fn ltrls smjlrns. (Sokopnfom, :4=6). Nfuielrmgtn2 Uustotutl fn smemrlsm, pmrm ljtngnr ug prlfuetl elg ug jmbl mplrtn emiõroel, mi hoshl tonhpl qun ils jngnaoeols fn ug prlfuetl gmturmi m jmsn fn ine`n. Ni trmjmbl sn fnsmrrliiõ ng fls ntmpms2 im prohnrm pmrm fntnrhogmr ni hnblr nfuielrmgtn pmrm sustotuor im smemrlsm; y im sncugfm, ugm prlfueeoõg ng pimgtm poiltl pmrm `menr ni sncuohongtl fni prlfuetl. (Zlfrècunz Emifnrõg, :4==).

 

?

 

Ine`n ng Tlivl2 ns ug prlfuetl qun sn ljtongn plr im niohogmeoõg emso tltmi fni mcum elgtngofm ng im ine`n ièquofm, prnvomhngtn pmstnurozmfm y elg ni mbustn fn sõiofls crmsls. Ns ug miohngtl elg mitl vmilr gutrotovl y elgtongn prltnègms fn mitl vmilr joliõcoel. (Unqunorm, :4=5). Elgsnrvmgtn2  Ulrjmtl fn Ulfol2 Elgsnrvmgtn gmturmi l mrtoaoeomi. Un ljtongn fn im gmturminzm, pnrl tmhjoïg, mrtoaoeomihngtn. Ni lrcmgoshl `uhmgl il hntmjliozm pnranetmhngtn, ns ug elgsnrvmgtn nspneomihngtn pmrm miohngtls tmins elhl; ine`n anrhngtmfm y ylcur. Gl prnsngtm gogcugm tlxoeofmf. (HMGGOUN, :4=:) Euitovl2 Im pnrenpeoõg elgils rnspnetl m ils  hoerllrcmgoshls ns qun emusmgtns fmýls, tmgtl pmrm ils miohngtls ils  miohngtls elhl pmrm `uhmgls,  `uhmgls, nstl ns eonrtl ng ils slg crupls fn fn hoerllrcmgoshls  hoerllrcmgoshls qun prlvlemg im fnselhplsoeoõg fn miohngtls elhl im emrgn, im  emrgn, im  im ine`n  ine`n y ims ims arutms.  arutms. Ng  Ng ni emsl fn im ine`n ims tïegoems fn elgtrli y ni hmgnbl `mg `ne`l qun ils ronscls ng niim foshoguymg y im sncurofmf fn ïstm muhngtn. (Elhpmrtor, :4=6)

:.=.5 ^sls. Ni ylcurt usumihngtn sn elgsuhn ng ni fnsmyugl ng alrhm trmfoeolgmi l elhl jnjofm foiuofm. Ng eonrtls snchngtls fni hnremfl fn Goemrmcum ns ugl fn ils fnsmyugls amvlrotls plr su smjlr; sog nhjmrcl, gl tlfls smjng qun tmhjoïg plsnn prlponfmfns qun il elgvonrtng ng ug nxeningtn supinhngtl gmturmi pmrm elhjmtor vmrols trmstlrgls elrplrmins. Ils eogel usls hnfoeogmins fni ylcurt hís arneungtns slg2 =. Foshoguyn ni elinstnrli amvlrneongfl im mjslreoõg fn crmsms jungms. :. Znfuen ils nanetls gncmto gncmtovls vls fn ils mgtojoõto mgtojoõtoels. els. 5. Elgtongn emieol, hmcgnsol y aõsalrl, hognrmins ogfospngsmjins pmrm hmgtngnr smgls ils `unsls. 6. Myufm m nstmjoioz nstmjoiozmr mr im ailrm ogtnstogmi y ils hoerllrcmgoshls fni sostnhm focnstovl. >. Uus jmetnroms elgvonrtng mi mzòemr fn im iine`n ne`n elhòg, tmhjoïg elgleofl elhl imetlsm, imetlsm, ng íeofl iíetoel.  Mfnhís, ohplsojoiotm ni fnsmrrliil fn jmetnroms fmýogms ng ni ogtnstogl, qun prlvongng cngnrmihngtn fn im fnselhplsoeoõg fns elhplsoeoõg fn ils miohngtls ogcnrofls. Tlr niil, myufm m elhjmtor ims fomrrnms y ni nstrnýohongtl. Ni elgsuhl fn prljoõtoels `m fnhlstrmfl tngnr nanetls mgtohutmcïgoels. Uncòg ni Gmeolgmi Ogstotutn la Emgenr fn Nstmfls ^gofls, im cngtn qun elgsuhn ylcurt, tongn hue`l hngls ronscl fn pmfnenr eígenr qun im cngtn qun gl il elgsuhn. Mfnhís, vmrols nstufols elg mgohmins fnhunstrmg qun ils prljoõtoels myufmg m im suprnsoõg fn tuhlrns, il eumi gnensotm hís ogvnstocmeoõg, pmrm smjnr ni hnemgoshl fn meeoõg nspneèaoel, msè elhl ni nanetl sljrn foanrngtns topls fn tuhlrns. (Iniyng, :4=6).

:.=.6 Tnraoi Fni Elgsuhoflr. Ils iíetnls slg ug crupl fn miohngtls qun nstíg prnsngtn ng im fontm fomrom fn ils goemrmcùngsns, ym qun mplrtmg gutrongtns gnensmrols pmrm ni elrrnetl augeolgmhongtl fni lrcmgoshl. Ns ug prlfuetl fn elgsuhl qun nstí forocofl m tlfms ims nfmfns fn mhjls cïgnrls. Msohoshl, pmrm ils govnins fn ogcrnsls nelgõhoels fn eimsn hnfom y eimsn hnfom mitm qun jusqung ni euofl fn su smiuf.

 

=4

 

:.=.> Írnm Cnlcríaoem. Ni _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn Uunrl fn Ine`n sn elhnreomiozmrm ng im Eoufmf fn Hmgmcum

:.=.1 Trnsngtmeoõg y Hmtnromins fn Nhpmqun. Im prnsngtmeoõg ng qun sn elhnreomiozmrm ni _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn Uunrl fn Ine`n ns ng ngvmsns fn piístoel fn plionstorngl (m jmsn fn piístoels TU) fn :44 hoioiotrls y fn eunrpl trlgeleõgoel ogvnrtofl, flgfn im jmsn supnrolr ns fn hmylr foíhntrl m im jmsn oganrolr y ni hmtnromi fn sniimfl ns ni HOPTMT (pmpni plioïstnr). Im ntoquntm snrí fn elilr n ogeiuorí glhjrn fni prlfuetl, smjlr, hmrem, fmtls gutroeolgmins mi rnvnrsl fni ngvmsn, rncostrl smgotmrol n ogcrnfongtns fni prlfuetl. Im elhnreomiozmeoõg fni _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn Uunrl fn Ine`n snrí fn :6 ugofmfns fn :44 hoioiotrls plr embm.

:.: MGÍIOUOU FN IM FNHMGFM Im fnhmgfm ns ug rneursl fn votmi ohplrtmgeom ng ni nstufol fn hnremfl, pmrm nvmiumr ni elhplrtmhongtl fn ims elhprms ng augeoõg fni prneol y emiofmf fni prlfuetl pnrhotongfl im eumgtoaoemeoõg fni hnremfl nxostngtn. Un rnmiozõ ni eíieuil fni elgsuhl pnr eípotm elg jmsn m im ljtngeoõg fn ogalrhmeoõg m trmvïs fn aungtns prohmroms. Tmrm nstl sn elgstruyõ ug ogstruhngtl (ngeunstm) fn =4 prncugtms enrrmfms ng ims qun sn hofoõ im arneungeom fn elgsuhl fni elrrnsplgfongtn snchngtl fn hnremfl. Im mpioemeoõg fn nstn eunstolgmrol sn rnmiozõ ng eumtrl pugtls fn vngtms2 Ng ni Uupnrhnremfl Tmio fni Ruhng, Uupnrhnremfl Im Elilgom fn Iogfmvostm, Uupnrhnremfl Im ^goõg fn Emrrntnrm Hmsmym y ng ni Uupnrhnremfl Tmio fn Ngni Engtrmi. Im hunstrm fn ngeunstmfls (Qnr Mgnxl fni NH) mrrlbõ ug guhnrl fn =>4.

 

==

 

Elg jmsn ng ni prlensmhongtl y rnsuitmfls fn im ngeunstm sn fntnrhogõ im arneungeom fn elhprm fn ils elgsuhoflrns fn ylcurt hmgoanstmgfl ugm prnanrngeom plr im prnsngtmeoõg fn :44hi.

:.:.= Elgsuhl Tnr Eípotm.  M pmrtor fn ils rnsuitmfls ljtngofls ng ni eíieuil fni elgsuhl pnr eípotm sn fntnrhogõ il socuongtn2 ETE8 (=`mj/snhmgm)*(4.31% fn menptmeoõg)*(=>4 ngeunstmfls)*:44c*(= kc/=444c) Ni rnsuitmfl ljtngofl ng rnimeoõg mi elgsuhl pnr eípotm aun ::.0 kc/`mj*snhmgm Im rnimeoõg fn crmhls m hoioiotrls ns fn =2=, ns fneor qun ils :44hi nquovming m :44c ng pnsl.

:.:.: Mgíiosos fn im Fnhmgfm Metumi Ilemi. ^gm vnz qun sn fntnrhogõ ni vmilr fni elgsuhl pnr eípotm, sn prlenfoõ m rnmiozmr ni eíieuil fn im fnhmgfm metumi pmrm ni hugoeopol fn Hmgmcum, euym pljimeoõg ns fn =,= 34,3?> `mjotmgtns. Mfnhís sn tlhõ elhl ametlr elrrneeoõg ni Ogfoen fn mipljrnzm nquovmingtn mi =>% (Crupl fni Jmgel Hugfomi, :4=6) fn ym qun ni prlfuetl gl nstí miemgennxtrnhm, fn nsn snchngtl fn pljimeoõg.

Tmrm fntnrhogmr im fnhmgfm metumi ilemi (FMI) sn utoiozõ im neumeoõg2 FMI 8 (# `mj Hmgmcum :4=6)  (%`mj elgsuhng ylcurt)  (= - % plj  pljrnzm rnzm nxtrnhm)  (ETE)  kc

FMI 8 (==34,3?> `mj)  (4.31)  (4.0>)  (::.0 `mjsnhmgm )

 

FMI 8 =3,:66.64> tlg/snhmgm. FMI 8  0?1,34?.40 tlg/mýl

:.:.5 Trlyneeoõg fn im Fnhmgfm. Un prlynetõ im fnhmgfm metumi fn ylcurt (tlg/mýls), m ils eogel mýls fni `lrozlgtn fn prlynetl. Im prlyneeoõg sn `men elg im socuongtn aõrhuim2 Fnhmgfm auturm 8 Fnhmgfm metumi ilemi (= ( = + t)g

Flgfn2 t 8 Vmsm fn erneohongtl pljimeolgmi fni mýl :4=6 = (:.>%) g8 gòhnrl fn mýls m prlynetmr

=

 Nimjlrmeoõg Trlpom m pmrtor fn ils fmtls fni Engsl Gmeolgmi :44>

 

=:

 

Vmjim :.: Trlyneeoõg fn im Fnhmgfm Fnhmgfm Auturm Mýl (tlg/mýl) :4=6 0?1.34?.40 :4=> ?=?.=:1.0= :4=1 ?6:.=46.?0 :4=3 ?1>.1>3.14 :4=0 ?0?.3??.46 :4=? =.4=6.>66.4: Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

:.5 MGMIOUOU FN IM LANZVM :.5.= Fmtls @ostõroels. Fnjofl m ims iohotmeolgns ng ni meensl fn ogalrhmeoõg ng ims ngtofmfns tmins elhl ni Jmgel Engtrmi fn Goemrmcum (JEG) y ni Hogostnrol fn Elhnreol Ogfustrom y Alhngtl (HOAOE), ils fmtls fn Trlfueeoõg Gmeolgmi gl sn ljtuvonrlg m trmvïs fn nstms aungtns sneugfmroms sogl fn ugm Vnsos :441 ’Nimjlrmeoõg fn ylcurt m pmrtor fn sunrl fuien fn ine`n m nsemim fn imjlrmtlrol ‘ ym mgtns hngeolgmfm. Qnr Mgnxl G´> fni NH ni fnt fntmiin miin fn eíieuil fn nstn elhplgngtn fn im Lanrtm.

Ng im socuongtn tmjim sn hunstrmg ims emgtofmfns m govni gmeolgmi fn lanrtm fn ylcurt fn ils òitohls > mýls emieuimfms m pmrtor fn im neumeoõg2 Lanrtm 8 (Trlfueeoõg Gmeolgmi + Ohplrtmeolgns)  ― Nxplrtmeolgns

Mýl Nxplrtmeolgns (tlg) :44? :4=4 :4== :4=: :4=5

51.>6 =?.>0 =.1= ==.34

Vmjim :.5Fmtls @ostõroels fn im Lanrtm Ohplrtmeolgns Trlfueeoõg Gmeolgmi (tlg) (tlg) >40.:: =,131,36=.43 3>:.0: =,3=4,5==.56 =,=03.:3 =,3>5,==>.41 =,>45.?0 =,3?4,31=.54 =,>?4.1> =,0:0,160.4? Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

Lanrtm @ostõroem (tlg) =,133,:=:.31 =,3==,466.>? =,3>6,544.35 =,3?:,:1>.:0 =,054,::3.46

:.5.: Lanrtm Metumi Ilemi Im lanrtm metumi gmeolgmi ljtngofm elg im augeoõg prlgõstoel fn Hoerlslat Nxeni ns fn =, 010,104.=5 tlg/mýl. Nstm sn utoiozõ pmrm m nstohmr im lanrtm metumi ilemi (LMI) elgleongfl im pljimeoõg gmeolgmi metumi fn 1, 4=3,13: `mjotmgtns y im pljimeoõg ilemi fn Hmgmcum fn =,=34, 3?> `mjotmgtns. LMI 8 515,>1?.5? tlg/mýl.  

=5

 

:.5.5 Trlyneeoõg fn im lanrtm Tmrm im prlyneeoõg fn im lanrtm sn utoiozmrlg ils fmtls fni Elgsuhl Gmeolgmi Mpmrngtn (EGM), im lanrtm sn prlynetõ m ug auturl fn > mýls, m trmvïs fn ug prlgõstoel rnmiozmfl elg im augeoõg prlgõstoel fn Nxeni, fnjofl m qun im eurvm fn hnblr mbustn gl sn miognl m gogcòg topl.

Vmjim :.6 Trlyneeoõg fn im Lanrtm  Mýl Lanrtm Auturm (tlg) :4=> 53=,=51.65 :4=1 530,0=0.:4 :4=3 501,=13.?> :4=0 5?5,3::.5> :4=? 64=,:0=.?3 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom :.6 MGÍIOUOU LANZVM-FNHMGFM :.6.= Fnhmgfm Tltngeomi Ogsmtosane`m (FTO). Im Fnhmgfm Tltngeomi Ogsmtosane`m sn fntnrhogm elg im foanrngeom ngtrn im lanrtm fni mýl (o) y im fnhmgfm fni mýl elrrnsplgfongtn. Im neumeoõg ns im socuongtn2 FTO8 Fnhmgfm  Mýl o ―  ― Lanrtm Mýl o 

Mýl :4=> :4=1 :4=3 :4=0

Vmjim :.> Fnhmgfm Tltngeomi Ogsmtosane`m Fnhmgfm Auturm Lanrtm Auturm FTO Auturm (tlg/mýl) (tlg) (tlg) ?=?,=:1.0= 53=,=51.65 >63,??4.50 ?6:,=46.?0 530,0=0.:4 >15,:01.30 ?1>,1>3.14 501,=13.?> >3?,60?.1> ?0?,3??.46 5?5,3::.5> >?1,431.1?

:4=?

=,4=6,>66.4: 64=,:0=.?3 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

1=5,:1:.4>

:.> MGÍIOUOU FN TZNEOLU Nstn mgíiosos sn `ozl ng augeoõg fn ils prneols fn vngtm prlhnfols qun larneng ims nhprnsms elhpntoflrms. Ng ni hnremfl fn ims jnjofms fn ylcurt nxostng fls hmrems progeopmins qun sn `mg nstmjineofl ng ni hnremfl gmeolgmi larneongfl m ils elgsuhoflrns ils socuongtns prneols y ils pugtls fn vngtm fn im elhnreomiozmeoõg fni prlfuetl aunrlg snineeolgmfls plr rmzlgns memfïhoems y tlhmgfl ng eungtm ils iucmrns flgfn hís sn elgsuhn ni ylcurt, nstn snrí fostrojuofl ng tlfl ni hnremfl qun mjmremg supnrhnremfls, fostrojuoflrms y puipnrèms nstmjineofms ng ils =4 fostrotls fn Hmgmcum.  

=6

 

Vmjim :.1 Mgíiosos fn Trneol ng ils progeopmins pugtls fn vngtm  Trneols fn _lcurt (fõimrns) Uupnrhnremfls Fostrojuoflrms Tuipnrèms

Trnsngtmeoõg y Trlfuetl _lcurt fn arnsm jnjojin :5> hi Nskohl

Hnremfls

Fõimr/iotrl Fõimr/iotrl

4.15

4.1?

4.1?

4.1>

:.05

4.6?

-

4.1

-

5.15

=>4 hi

_lcurt fn Arutms fn Jlsqun Nskohl

:5> hi

_lcurt fn Mijmroelqun Nskohl

4.6?

-

-

-

:.4?

:5> hi

Ioc`t Arutms Vrlpoemins Nskohl

4.3?

4.0>

-

-

5.6?

:5> hi

_lcurt Eorunim Nskohl

4.30

4.0>

4.0>

4.30

5.63

:5> hi

_lpimot _lcurt Tmpmym

=.=4

-

-

-

6.10

4.?>

=.44

=.44

=.44

6.:4

:5> hi

_lpimot _lcurt Arutms Hoxtms

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

Trlhnfol

5.60

Im rninvmgeom fni nstmjineohongtl fni prneol prlhnfol plr ugofmf fn prlfueeoõg sn fnjn m im ogaiungeom qun tongn ng ils elgsuhoflrns. Elhpmrmgfl ils prneols elg im elhpntngeom sn elgeiuyõ qun ni prneol prlhnfol fni _lcurt Fontïtoel m jmsn fn Jmgmgl plr iotrl snrí fn 5.60 fõimrns.

:.1 ELHNZEOMIORMEOÕG

Tmrm im elhnreomiozmeoõg fni prlfuetl sn tlhmrlg ng eungtm ils fmtls ljtngofls ng im prncugtm G´6 fn im ngeunstm (vnr mgnxl fni NH).Nstls fmtls rnprnsngtmg ils pugtls fn elhnreomiozmeoõg fni ylcurt y im hmgnrm ng qun snrí fostrojuofl ng ni hnremfl fn Hmgmcum.

>4%

U^TNZHNZEM FL

:>%

T^ITNZOM

=>%

 

=>

FOUVZOJ^OFL ZMU

=4%

HNZEMFL

 

Uncòg ils fmtls ljtngofls ils fls emgmins qun cmrmgtozm ugm mhpiom eljnrturm fni hnremfl y prneol fn vngtm fni prlfuetlr2

TZLF^EVLZ

TZLF^EVLZ

HOGLZOUVM M

HOGLZOUVMU J

HOGLZOUVMU

ELGU^HOFLZNU

ELGU^HOFLZNU

Im vngtmbm fn nstn emgmi fn fostrojueoõg ns qun ils elgsuhoflrns fni ylcurt plfríg elhprmr ni prlfuetl mi fntmiin (supnrhnremfl y Tuipnrèms) y m Hoglrostms qun elhnreomiozmg ng hmylrns emgtofmfns (Fostrojuoflrm), msè elhl mfquoror ni prlfuetl fornetmhngtn fn im nhprnsm. Fnjofl m im gmturminzm fni prlfuetl sn fneofoõ qun imfn elhpmýèm snrí funým fn qun sus hnfols fn trmgsplrtn pmrmprnenfnrí im elrrnsplgfongtn ngtrncm ng ils pugtls vngtm. ^smgfl emholgns mjmstnenríg m ils Hoglrostms M y Hoglrostms J qun vngfnríg ni _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl mi plr hmylr l mi fntmiin.

 

=1

 

EMTOV^IL 5. NUV^FOL VÏEGOEL 5.= VMHMÝL FN IM TIMGVM Ni tmhmýl fn ugm pimgtm ns ugm hmcgotuf fn fohngsolgmhongtl qun fnpngfn fn im fnhmgfm, im fosplgojoiofmf fn hmgl fn ljrm emioaoemfm, fn im elrrnsplgfongtn tneglilcèm y nquopls, fn hmtnrom prohm n ogsuhls, fn snrvoeols muxoiomrns, nte. Tmrm emieuimr ni tmhmýl fn im pimgtm prlensmflrm fn ylcurt fontïtoel fn jmgmgl m pmrtor fn sunrl fn ine`n furmgtn ils > mýls prlglstoemfls pmrm ni prlynetl, aun gnensmrol emieuimr ni vliuhng fn prlfueeoõg qun im ogfustrom prntngfn mjmstnenr pmrm ni tonhpl nstmjineofl.

5.=.= Qliuhng fn Trlfueeoõg. Tmrm emieuimr ni vliuhng fn prlfueeoõg sn tongn qun nstmjinenr quï plrengtmbn fn im FTO plfrèm smtosamenr pmrm emfm mýl fni prlynetl, pmrm niil sn elgsofnrm qun ni hís ogfoemfl pmrm im pimgtm ns fni =4% m elhl ogfoem ni iojrl Nvmiumeoõg fn Trlynetls (^rjogm, :4=4). Ng im socuongtn tmjim sn hunstrm ni vliuhng fn prlfueeoõg elrrnsplgfongtn m emfm mýl fni prlynetl, pmrm niil sn in tlhm hmylr ohplrtmgeom mi òitohl mýl fni prlynetl, ym qun m pmrtor fn nstn mýl sn fntnrhogm im empmeofmf lpnrmtovm fn im pimgtm furmgtn ils > mýls. Vmjim 5.=Vmhmýl fn im Timgtm  Mýl Qliuhng fn prlfueeoõg (tlg/mýl) :4=>

>6,3??.46

:4=1

>1,5:0.10

:4=3

>3,?60.?1

:4=0

>?,143.13

:4=?

1=,5:1.:4 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

5.=.: Empmeofmf fn Fosnýl Im empmeofmf fn fosnýl sn fntnrhogm tlhmgfl ng eungtm ug ametlr fn sncurofmf fni :4%. Nstm nstohmeoõg fntnrhogm im empmeofmf híxohm qun tngfrí im pimgtm furmgtn ils > mýls fn lpnrmeoõg, sn nstmjinen nstn ametlr elg im aogmiofmf fn qun im pimgtm tngcm hmylr ainxojoiofmf ng fmfl emsl qun im fnhmgfm ogernhngtn. Empmeofmf fn fosnýl8 (QT Mýl:4=?)*(=:4%) Empmeofmf fn fosnýl8 (1=,5:1.:4 tlg/mýl)*(=:4%) Empmeofmf fn fosnýl835,>?=.66tlg/mýl   

=3

 

5.=.5 Empmeofmf fni Uostnhm Empmeofmf fni sostnhm 8 (empmeofmf fn fosnýl)*(?>%) Empmeofmf fni sostnhm8 (35,>?=.66tlg/mýl)*(?>%) Empmeofmf fni sostnhm8 1?,?==.03tlg/mýl

5.=.6 Empmeofmf Znmi Im empmeofmf rnmi elrrnsplgfn mi vliuhng fn prlfueeoõg híxohm elrrnsplgfongtn mi òitohl mýl fni prlynetl, ns fneor slg ims 1=,5:1.:4 tlg/mýl qun sn gnensotmg prlfueor ylcur fontïtoel fn jmgmgl m pmror fn sunrl fn ine`n pmrm ni mýl :4=?, tlhmgfl ng eungtm im plsojoiofmf fn qun sn prnsngtng nrrlrns furmgtn ni prlensl nstl punfng snr emusmflr plr ils nquopls u lpnrmrols furmgtn ni prlensl fn prlfueeoõg Empmeofmf rnmi8 (empmeofmf glrhmi)*(04%) Empmeofmf rnmi 8 (1=,5:1.:4tlg/mýl)*(04%) Empmeofmf rnmi8 6?,414.?1 tlg/mýl 

5.: ILEMIORMEOÕG FN IM TIMGVM Im ntmpm fn ilemiozmeoõg elgsostn ng fnaogor ni iucmr hís ogfoemfl pmrm ogstmimr im pimgtm ogfustromi. Im ilemiozmeoõg mfneumfm fn im nhprnsm punfn fntnrhogmr ni ïxotl l armemsl fn im hoshm plr niil ns gnensmrol elgtnhpimr emfm ugl fn ils rnquosotls fn fosplgojoiofmf fn rneursls (hmtnrom prohm, hmgl fn ljrm, nte.), elgfoeolgns eiohítoems amvlrmjins, ametlrns sleol-nelgõhoels, fostmgeom ngtrn im pimgtm y ils pugtls fn vngtm. Mfnhís, im ilemiozmeoõg fn im pimgtm fnpngfn fn ils elstls fni tnrrngl, fni tmhmýl, fn im fosplgojoiofmf fn hmtnrom prohm, n ogsuhls y fn ils snrvoeols muxoiomrns. Tmrm niil, ni ’Hïtlfl Eumiotmtovl plr Tugtls Tlgfnrmfls‘ elgtnhpim ils ametlrns hís rninvmgtns, fn

hmgnrm qun im plgfnrmeoõg fn emfm ugl sn mpioeõ m ims prlpunstms fn ilemiozmeoõg qun sn `oeonrlg, ni qun ljtngcm ni hmylr pugtmbn, ns ni qun sn snineeolgm elhl hnblr lpeoõg.

5.:.= Hoerlilemiozmeoõg. _m qun ni snchngtl fn hnremfl mi qun vm forocofl nstn prlfuetl sn ngeungtrm ujoemfl ogoeomihngtn ng im eoufmf fn Hmgmcum, ims prlpunstms fn ilemiozmeoõg fn im pimgtm sn fnjng nvmiumr ng pugtls enremgls y fngtrl fni fnpmrtmhngtl fn Hmgmcum, fn hmgnrm qun ni hïtlfl fn hoerlilemiozmeoõg plr pugtls plgfnrmfls, plr nanetl fn hnglrns fostmgeoms, ns im hís ogfoemfm.

 

=0

 

Ils ametlrns fn ilemiozmeoõg qun sn vmg m nvmiumr, utoiozmgfl ni hïtlfl fn plgfnrmeoõg slg ils socuongtns2

Vmjim 5.:Ametlrns fn ilemiozmeoõg Ametlrns Eõfocl Fosplgojoiofmf fn snrvoeols jísoels

M

 Meensojoiofmf fn hmtnrom prohm

J

^joemeoõg fni Vnrrngl

E

Vmhmýl fni Vnrrngl

F

Elstl fni Vnrrngl

N

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom Ils iucmrns prlpunstls pmrm im ujoemeoõg fn im pimgtm slg2

Vmjim 5.5 Mitnrgmtovms fn ilemiozmeoõg Ilemiozmeolgns O

Kh 0 ¸ Emrrntnrm Hmgmcum-Vopotmpm

OO

Kh =4 Emrrntnrm Hmgmcum-Hmsmym Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

Vmjim 5.6Ametlrns fn ilemiozmeoõg plgfnrmfls Ametlrns fn Elnaoeongtn fn plgfnrmeoõg ilemiozmeoõg  M

=4

J

?

E

=4

F

0

N

=4 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

 

=?

 

Ilemiozmeoõg O2 Ng ni emsl fn im ujoemeoõg fnserotm mgtnrolrhngtn elhl emsl O im eumi prlpusohls ng ni Kh 0¸ Hmgmcum-Vopotmpm, ils ametlrns fnsocgmfls y mgmiozmfls sncòg fosplgojoiofmf fn rneursls slg2

Ametlr M2 Fosplgojoiofmf fn snrvoeols jísoels; Im eumi im elfoaoemhls elhl im intrm M, ng nstn emsl pmrtoeuimr ils snrvoeols jísoels sn ngeungtrmg eonrtmhngtn minbmfls fni pnrèhntrl rnqunrofl pmrm im ogstmimeoõg y punstm ng hmre`m fn im pimgtm.

Ametlr J2  Meensojoiofmf fn hmtnrom prohm; Im eumi im elfoaoemhls elg im intrm J, pmrm niils mgmiozl y sn elgeiuyõ qun im hmtnrom prohm pmrm ni prlynetl fn im punstm ng hmre`m nrm ogsuaoeongtn fnjofl m qun ng nstm zlgm sn ngeungtrn huy fostmgtn fn ils iucmrns pltngeomins pmrm im elhprm fn im hmtnrom prohm.

Ametlr E2 ^joemeoõg fn tnrrngl; Im eumi im elfoaoemhls elg im intrm E, pmrm niils sn ofngtoaoeõ elhl pugtl nstrmtïcoel gl menptmjin fnjofl m iim m zlgm ug plel írofm mugqun ug ug menptmjin ng tïrhogls tlplcríaoels pnrl gl fn im elgvngongeom sninetm pmrm im prlpunstm fn foe`m pimgtm.

Ametlr F2  Vmhmýl fni Vnrrngl; Un fnsocgõ elg im intrm F im eumi aun fn menptmeoõg ng elhpmrmeoõg elg ils fnhís ametlrns fnserotl mgtnrolrhngtn plr il qun ng nstm zlgm sn ngeungtrmg crmgfns tnrrngls elg eonrtm topl fn tlplcrmaèm ug tmgtl fnsgovnimfm plr il eumi gl in ns suaoeongtn ym qun ni ïxotl l armemsl fn im pimgtm punfn fnjnrsn m im ujoemeoõg mi tmhmýl fni tnrrngl ym qun nstl slil ogaiuyn ng im prlyneeoõg l erneohongtl fn im pimgtm.

Ametlr N2 Elstl fni tnrrngl fnsogmfl elg im intrm N; Nstn emsl ni elstl fn tnrrngl sn plfrèmg vnr manetmfls ils elstls fnjofl m qun nstms tonrrms nxostngtns ng nstls iucmrns sn ngeungtrmg sogl `mjotmfms usmfms elg aogems pmrm sonhjrl y utoiozmfms pmrm im cmgmfnrèm y ltrls rujrls plr il eumi ils elstls sn ninvmg.

Ilemiozmeoõg OO2 Ng im sncugfm ilemiozmeoõg prlpunstm sn ngeungtrm ng ni Kh =4 Emrrntnrm Hmgmcum-Hmsmym im eumi sn slhntoõ mi mgíiosos fn ils ametlrns pmrm im snineeoõg fn im hnblr lpeoõg im ogstmimeoõg fn im pimgtm.

Ametlr M2  Fosplgojoiofmf fn snrvoeols jísoels; Un fnsocgõ elg im intrm M pmrm nstn emsl, emrrntnrm m Hmsmym eungtm elg ni meensl y fosplgojoiofmf fn snrvoeols jísoels fnjofl m qun ils pltngeomins prlvnnflrns fn nstls snrvoeols sn ngeungtrmg enremgms m nstm zlgm.  

:4

 

Ametlr J2 Meensojoiofmf fn hmtnrom prohm; Fnsocgmfm elg im intrm J, nsngeomi pmrm ni fnsmrrliil fn im pimgtm fnjofl m ims enremgèms fn prlvnnflrns sustmgeomins pmrm ni prlensmhongtl smtosametlrol fni prlfuetl aogmi.

Ametlr E2 ^joemeoõg fni Vnrrngl; emioaoemfl elg im intrm E. nxeningtn plsoeoõg fnjofl m im zlgm fn elhnreol.

Ametlr F2  Vmhmýl fni Vnrrngl; Fnsocgmfm elg im intrm F. mugqun ng nstm zlgm sn huy elgeurrofm plr nstrueturms fn laoeogms fn mtngeoõg `uhmgotmrom y rnsofngeomins nxostng fosplgojoiofmf pmrm im vngtm fni tnrrngl elg im nxtngsoõg rnqunrofm pmrm im pimgtm.

Ametlr N2 Elstl fni Vnrrngl; Un fnsocgõ elg im intrm N. im eumi plsnn ug muhngtl ng su elstl pnrl prlplreolgm piusvmièm ng ils ils jongns aobls fnjofl mi erneongtn fnsmrrliil f fn n nhprnsms m in fmýms m im pimgtm prlpunstm msè elhl ug hnblr meensl m im hmtnrom prohm y m ils rneursls jísoels Im nsemim utoiozmfm pmrm im msocgmeoõg fn vmilr m emfm ametlr sn `ozl elg ug ogtnrvmil fn 4 m =4, flgfn =4 ns ni híxohl pugtmbn. Tmrm ni ametlr fn fosplgojoiofmf fn snrvoeols jísoels y meensojoiofmf fn hmtnrom prohm, sn msocgõ ni hmylr pugtmbn fnjofl m im ohplrtmgeom fn elgtmr tlfl ni tonhpl elg ug suhogostrl mcumtmhjoïg y ngnrcèm ym prlvnnflrns, qun slg nsngeomins emfm ugm fnfnims ntmpms fni prlensl, msèfnelhl nstmrniïetroem, enrem fn ils fn hlflngqun ils elstls suhogostrls mi mjslrjnr sus elstls fn trmgsplrtn eljrng m im pimgtm hngls. Im ujoemeoõg fni tnrrngl ns ohplrtmgtn plrqun ogfoem qun tmg enremgl vm nstmr im pimgtm fn ils pugtls fn vngtm flgfn sn vmg m fostrojuor ni prlfuetl tnrhogmfl, manetmgfl socgoaoemtovmhngtn ils elstls fn trmgsplrtn fn im pimgtm. Tmrm ni emsl fn elstl fni tnrrngl, sn msocgõ tmhjoïg ug vmilr vmilr mitl, plr ni `ne`l fn elgtmr elg ug prnsupunstl fn ogvnrsoõg iohotmfl. Ns plr niil qun sn fnjn jusemr ug tnrrngl elg ug elstl rnimtovmhngtn jmbl. Emioaoemr emfm ametlr pmrm emfm sotol pltngeomi fn meunrfl m ugm nsemim elhòg

Vmjim 5.>Ogtnrvmils fn Emioaoemeoõg Qmilr Eumgtotmtovl Qmilr Eumiotmtovl ?4-=44

Nxeningtn

34-0?

Zncuimr

>4-1?

Hmil

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

 

:=

 

Vmjim 5.1Emioaoemeoõg Tlgfnrmfm Emioaoemeoõg Ametlr fn Emioaoemeoõg Ilemiozmeoõg Trlpunstm O ng nsemim Trlpunstm OO ng nsemim elhòg elhòg

Elnaoeongtn fn plgfnrmeoõg =4

M

0>

?4

?

J

=44

?>

=4 0

E F

04 ?4

0> 04

=4

N

?4

=44

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

Elnaoeongtn fn

Vmjim 5.3Nvmiumeoõg plgfnrmfm fn ims prlpunstms fn ilemiozmeoõg Ametlr fn Emioaoemeoõg Emioaoemeoõg Emioaoemeoõg Emioaoemeoõg Ilemiozmeoõg Trlpunstm O Trlpunstm OO Trlpunstm O Trlpunstm OO

plgfnrmeoõg

ng nsemim elhòg

ng nsemim elhòg

plgfnrmfm

plgfnrmfm

=4

M

0>

?4

0>4

?44

?

J

=44

?>

?44

0>>

=4

E

05

0>

054

0>4

0

F

?4

01

3:4

100

=4

N

?=

=44

?=4

=444

6==4

6:?5

Vltmi Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

Uncòg ni hïtlfl Eumiotmtovl plr Tugtls ugm vnz plgfnrmfls ils fmtls y suhmfl im emioaoemeoõg fn emfm prlpunstm fn ilemiozmeoõg, sn snineeolgõ qun ni tnrrngl hís mfneumfl ns ni # OO, ni eumi nstí ujoemfl ng ni koiõhntrl =4 emrrntnrm Hmgmcum-Hmsmym m =4 hogutls fni gunvl engtrl fn Hmgmcum (flgfn sn ngeungtrm ni hmylr gòhnrl fn elgsuhoflrns pltngeomins). Ni tnrrngl tongn ug írnm fn :>44 vr :y eungtm elg ims vngtmbms fn tngnr ugm tlplcrmaèm pimgm rnfueongfl iils ls cmstls fn elgstrueeoõg.

 

::

 

5.5 TZLENUL TZLF^EVOQL 5.5.= Trlcrmhm fn Trlfueeoõg. Im pimgtm trmjmbmrm fn iugns m síjmfl, sog nhjmrcl ni prlensl prlfuetovl slil augeolgmrí fn iugns m vonrgns, ng ug turgl fn 0 `lrms fomroms (:14 fèms fn prlfueeoõg). Ni turgl snrí fn ?244 m.h. m >244 p.h. Ils trmjmbmflrns ngtrmrmg m trmjmbmr fnsfn ims 0244 m.h. pmrm rnmiozmr tlfms ims metovofmfns fn prnpmrmeoõg mgtns fni mrrmgqun.  Mi ogoeol y mi aogmi aogm i fni fèm sn rnmiozmrí ugm iohponzm fni írnm fn trmjmbl. Emfm síjmfl sn rnmiozmrí u ugm gm iohponzm cngnrmi fn im hmquogmrom. Nstms metovofmfns sn rnmiozmríg ils fèms síjmfls (fèm gl imjlrmjin ng im ogstmimeoõg) pmrm nvotmr qun ensn im lpnrmeoõg rncuimr fn im pimgtm. Un pimgnm tngnr ug hmgtngohongtl prnvngtovl fn ugm vnz plr hns pmrm nvotmr fmýls m ims híquogms ng im hnfofm fn il plsojin.

5.5.: Fnseropeoõg fni Trlensl. Ni prlensl fn prlfueeoõg fni ylcurt fontïtoel ns ug aiubl elgtogul ng ni eumi, ni elgtrli fn emiofmf fnsfn im rnenpeoõg fn hmtnrom prohm. =.- Znenpeoõg fni sunrl fn ine`n y nstmgfmrozmeoõg2 Im rnenpeoõg fni sunrl fn im eostnrgm m im pimgtm sn fm vèm fnsemrcms plr hmgcunrms ng flgfn ns iinvmfm plr hnfol fn ugm tujnrèm fn :puicmfms y ?4 emiojrn y fn ugm jlhjm engtroaucm fn =/6@Tmrm ug Vmgqun fn Mihmengmhongtl fn Uunrl, ng flgfn sn hmgtngfrí m :4 ²E. :.- Tmstnurozmeoõg Ni sunrl snrí jlhjnmfl mi Vmgqun Tmstnurozmflr QMV (pmstnurozmeoõg ingtm) plr hnfol fn ugm tujnrèm fn :pui y ?4 emiojrn y fn ugm jlhjm engtroaucm fn =/6@T. Nstn Vmgqun Tmstnurozmflr lpnrmrí m 0>´E plr 54hog. Im aogmiofmf fn nstm lpnrmeoõg ns ng prohnr iucmr niohogmr cïrhngns pmtõcngls y rnfueor im emrcm hoerljomgm prnsngtn ng ni sunrl im ine`n, mfnhís qun amvlrnen ugm jungm elmcuimeoõg fn ims amsns. Ni nquopl fnjnrí snr miohngtmfl elg ni elrrnsplgfongtn aiubl fn sustmgeom emingtmflrm plr hnfol fn rnsostngeom niïetroem 5.- Ngaromhongtl2 Ni sunrl sn fnjn ngaromr m 65´E, qun ns im tnhpnrmturm õptohm pmrm mfoeolgmr ni Euitovl fni ylcurt y ni fnsmrrliil fn hoerllrcmgoshls. Elilemgfl ng mcum arèm ng im e`mquntm fni nquopl pmrm jmbmr im tnhpnrmturm rnqunrofm. 6.- Ogleuimeoõg fni euitovl fni ylcurt2 Ni euitovl fni ylcurt nstí alrhmfl plr Utrnptleleeus smiovmrous sujsp.Vnrhlp`oius y Imetljmeoiius fni jrunekoo sujsp. Juicmroeus. Im ogleuimeoõg elgsostn ng im mfoeoõg fni Euitovl fn ylcurt mi sunrl fn im ine`n y fnjn fn nanetumrsn m im tnhpnrmturm fn 65´E. Ng ug tmgqun fn hmenrmeoõg. >.- Ogeujmeoõg2 Ng nstm ntmpm sn prlfuen im anrhngtmeoõg iíetoem prlfueofm plr ils hoerllrcmgoshls fni ylcurt, ng im eumi ils hoerllrcmgoshls `meng im trmgsalrhmeoõg fn im imetlsm ng íeofl iíetoel. Im ogeujmeoõg sn fnjn rnmiozmr m im tnhpnrmturm fn 6:´E. Im ogeujmeoõg sn rnmiozm fornetmhngtn ng ni rneopongtn flgfn sn nstí nimjlrmgfl ni ylcurt. Im ogeujmeoõg fnjn nanetumrsn `mstm qun ni sunrl fn im ine`n miemgen ug p@ hnglr l ocumi m6.1. Ns huy  

:5  

ohplrtmgtn hmgtngnr elgstmgtn im tnhpnrmturm fn 6:´E, furmgtn tlfl ni pnrolfl qun furn ni prlensl fn anrhngtmeoõg; nstn prlensl sn rnmiozm ng im ogeujmflrm. ^gm alrhm príetoem fn fntnrhogmr qun ni prlensl fn ogeujmeoõg `m aogmiozmfl ns qun ni sunrl fn im ine`n emhjom fn elgsostngeom fni nstmfl ièquofl pmsm m ug nstmfl fn cni. 1. Ngaromhongtl2   Aogmiozmfl ni prlensl fn ogeujmeoõg qun punfn furmr fn 6-1 `lrms, ni ylcurt fnjn fn ngaromrsn oghnfomtmhngtn pmrm nvotmr qun im meofnz socm ogernhngtígflsn.   Un ngarèm m :4lE, iuncl sn iinvm m im rnarocnrmflrm m 6 lE y sn fnbm m`è plr :6 `lrms. 3. Arutmfl2 Tmrm `lhlcngozmr im arutm ng nstn emsl ni jmgmgl sn fnjn or mýmfongfl elg ugm sumvn mcotmeoõg. =. Ngvmsmfl y mihmengmhongtl Ni ngvmsmfl fni ylcurt fnjn nanetumrsn ng elgfoeolgns msïptoems n oghnfomtmhngtn fnjn mihmengmrsn ng jlfncms elg rnarocnrmeoõg m ugm tnhpnrmturm fn 6 l  E. y sus ngvmsns snríg ng prnsngtmeolgns fn :44hi. Nstn prlensl fn ngvmsmfl furmrí ug pnrèlfl fn 1 `lrms

 

:6  

5.5.5 Fomcrmhm fn Jilqun

 

:>  

5.5.6 Fomcrmhm fn Aiubl fn Trlensl

Inyngfm fni Aiubl fn Trlensl

 

Guhnrl fn Nquopl = :

Nquopls Vmgqun fn Mihmengmfl Vmgqun fn Nstmgfmrozmeoõg

Eõfocl M.=44 N.:44

5 6 > 1 3 0 ? =4 == =: =5 =6

Vmgqun fn Tmstnurozmeoõg Vmgqun fn Ngaromhongtl Vmgqun fn Ogleuimeoõg Vmgqun fn Ngaromhongtl Vmgqun fn Ogeujmeoõg Vmgqun fn Arutmfl Jlhjms Iingmflrm Jmgfm Vrmgsplrtmflrm Tliogns Hlgtmemrcms Mihmeïg

T.544 N.644 O.>44 N.144 O.344 A.044 M.==4-A3:4 Ii.044 J.?44 -

:1  

5.6 ZN]^NZOHONGVL FN N]^OTLU OGF^UVZOMINU Vmjim 5.0 Znqunrohongtls fn Nquopls hmylrns  Nquopls Tmstnurozmflr fn pimems

Augeoõg Niohogmr cïrhngns pmtõcngls y rnfueor im emrcm hoerljomgm prnsngtn ng ni sunrl im ine`n, mfnhís im pmstnurozmeoõg elg ils pmríhntrls ogfoemfls amvlrnen ugm jungm elmcuimeoõg. Im ogleuimeoõg elgsostn ng im mfoeoõg fni Euitovl fn ylcurt mi sunrl fn im ine`n y fnjn fn nanetumrsn m im tnhpnrmturm fn 65´E. Ng ug tmgqun fn hmenrmeoõg.

Emgtofmf :

=

Vmgqun fn Ogleuimeoõg Im ogeujmeoõg fnjn nanetumrsn `mstm qun ni sunrl fn im ine`n miemgen ug p@ hnglr l ocumi m6.1. Ns huy ohplrtmgtn hmgtngnr elgstmgtn im tnhpnrmturm fn 6:´E, furmgtn tlfl ni pnrolfl qun furn ni prlensl fn anrhngtmeoõg; nstn prlensl sn rnmiozm ng im ogeujmflrm.

=

Ogeujmflrm

Vmgquns fn Ngaromhongtl

Ni ylcurt fnjn fn ngaromrsn oghnfomtmhngtn pmrm nvotmr qun im meofnz socm ogernhngtígflsn. Un ngarèm m :4´E, iuncl sn iinvm m im rnarocnrmflrm m 6´E y sn fnbm m`è plr :6 `lrms.

:

Vmgquns fn Arutmfl Vmgquns fn  Mihmengmhongtl fn Uunrl Vmgquns fn Nstmgfmrozmeoõg Vmgqun fn mihmengmhongtl fn mcum Nhpmemflrm

 

:

Znenpeoõg fni sunrl fn im eostnrgm m im pimgtm sn fnsemrcmrm plr hnfol fn hmgcunrms fn im eostnrgm mi tmgqun. Tmrm ug Vmgqun fn  Mihmengmhongtl fn Uunrl, ng flgfn sn hmgtngfrí m :4 ²E. Vmgqun qun hmgtngfrí ugm tnhpnrmturm fn 6> E flgfn sn mcrncmg mcum, smi y ngfuizmgtn. Hmgtngfrí ni mcum qun sn usmrm pmrm ni prlensl prlfuetovl, mcum pmrm ni tmgqun fn nstmgfmrozmeoõg. Ni ngvmsmfl fni ylcurt fnjn nanetumrsn ng elgfoeolgns msïptoems. Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom.

:

= = =

:3  

Vmjim 5.? Znqunrohongtl Uostnhm fn Jlhjnl y Vujnrèms  Meenslrols Emgtofmf Vujnrèms Qíivuims fn elhpunrtm mjonrtms

1

Qíivuims fn Ciljl Jlhjms Engtroaucms

= =0

Elfls

6

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

Vmjim 5.=4 Znqunrohongtls fn Nquopls fn Vrmgsplrtmeoõg  Nquopls Augeoõg Emgtofmf Vrmgsplrtmr `mstm im fn rnenpeoõg fnsunrl hmtnrom prohm im pimgtm. Jmgfm Vrmgsplrtmflrm fn rlfoiils Vrmgsplrtmr ils ngvmsns fn ylcurt fn :44 hi `mstm ils pliogns. Hlgtmemrcms (:44: Gossmg Vrmgsplrtmr ils pliogns `mstm ni BE54IT )  mihmeïg Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom Eostnrgms

: = :

Ils nquopls y suhogostrls elgtmjims ils qun im pimgtm elgtmrí ng emfm ugl fn ils fnpmrtmhngtls fn im nhprnsm sn prnsngtmg ng ims socuongtns2

 

:0  

Vmjim 5.=: Znqunrohongtl fn Hljoiomrol y Nquopls fn laoeogm. Fnseropeoõg

emgtofmf

Elhputmflrms

=>

Ohprnslrms

1

Vniïalgls

3

Nserotlrol

:4

Uoiims fn nserotlrol

:4

 Mre`ovnrl

1

Iojrnrls

:

Altlelpomflrms

1

 Morn Melgfoeolgmfl

1

Tmpninrms

:4

Uoiims fn nspnrm

=4

Vninamx

6

Uemggnr

1 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

Vmjim 5.=5 Hljoiomrol pmrm Ni Elhnflr   Fnseropeoõg emgtofmf Hoerllgfms

=

Znarocnrmflrm

=

Hnsms

3

Uoiims

54

Emantnrm

6 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

 

:?  

Vmjim 5.=6 Hljoiomrol fn Umgotmrols Fnseropeoõg emgtofmf Imvmhmgls

>

Oglflrls

=4 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

5.> ZN]^NZOHONGVL LTNZMVOQL Vmjim5.=> Hmtnrom Trohm Trohm n Ogsuhl ng tlg/mýl Ogsuhl y hmtnrom prohm Uunrl Umi Ine`n ng plivl  Mcum Jmgmgl Umjlrozmgtn Elgsnrvmgtn Nfuielrmgtn Euitovl Vltmi

:4=>

:4=1

5:.00 =.=4 =.=4 0.33 6?5.=?

:4=3

55.04 =.=5 =.=5 ?.4= >41.?1

:4=0

:4=?

56.33 =.=1 =.=1 ?.:3 >:=.>6

5>.31 =.=? =.=? ?.>6 >51.63

51.0 =.:5 =.:5 ?.0= >>=.?6

4.4:: 4.4:5 4.4:5 4.4: 4.4: 4.4:= 1.04 1.31 1.?> :=.55 ::.06 :5.1= >6:.30 >>3.34 >35.35 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

4.4:6 4.4:= 3.=> :6.36 >?4.=>

4.4:> 4.4:: 1=.55 :>.= 11=.=>

Ni vliuhng fn prlfueeoõg pmrm im hmtnrom prohm n ogsuhls sn emieuimrlg ng jmsn m im prlfueeoõg. Fn hmgnrm qun sn prlynetõ im prlfueeoõg plr ils eogel mýls fni `lrozlgtn fni prlynetl pmrm tngnr ugm nxmetotuf ng ils rnsuitmfls

Vmjim 5.=1Znqunrohongtls fn Mcum Cmstl Mgumi (h5) Nquopl

:4=>

:4=1

:4=3

:4=0

:4=?

Imvmflrm

=,1?3.>: 

=,3=6.>4 

=,35=.16 

=,360.?1 

=,311.6> 

Ltrls

=,664.>:

=,6>6.64

=,610.?6

=,605.15

=,6?0.63

Vltmi

5,=50.46

5,=10.0?

5,:44.>0

5,:5:.>?

5,:16.?:

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

 

54  

Nquopl fn Laoeogm

Elhputmflrm

Vmjim 5.=3Znqunrohongtl fn Ngnrcèm Niïetroem ^gofmfns Vonhpl fn usl Znqunrohongtl fn ngnrcèm (Ng Kw`lrm) ( Ng `lrms ) =>

0

4.3>

Ohprnslrm

1

0

4.=:

Uemggnr

1

0

4.=>

Altlelpomflrm

1

0

=.>4

Emantnrm

6

0

4.=>

 Morn melgfoeolgmfl

1

0

5.>4

Hoerllgfm

=

=

=.64

Znarocnrmflrm

=

:6

=.>=

Vninamx

6

0

4.54

Vonhpl ng ^sl

Znqunrohongtl fn ngnrcèm (Ng Kw`lrm)

Nquopls Ogfustromins

ugofmfns

(Ng `lrms)

:

1

>1

Vmgqun fn Ogleuimeoõg

=

1

4.55

Ogeujmflrm

=

1

:4

Tmstnurozmflr fn pimems

=.> Vmgquns fn Ngaromhongtl

:

1

Vmgquns fn Arutmfl

:

1

=-=.>

Jmgfm Vrmgsplrtmflrm

=

1

5

Nhpmemflrm

=

1

5

Vmgqun fn Nstmgfmrozmeoõg Vltmi

= 14

> ==1

4.>> ?6.3=

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom  

5=  

Ils rnqunrohongtls fn ngnrcèm niïetroem aunrlg emieuimfls ng jmsn m ils ninetrlflhïstoels y nquopls fn laoeogm gnensmrol tngongfl ng elgsofnrmeoõg im tmroam nstopuimfm plr ni ngtn rncuimflr ng rocn ng gunstrl pmès, OGN (ogstotutl goemrmcùngsn fn ngnrcèm) pmrm ils qun nstmjinen fn 1.>5 ni kw-`lrm

5.1 FOUVZOJ^EOÕG N OGAZMNUVZ^EV^ZM FN IM TIMGVM

5.1.= Fostrojueoõg fn Í Írnm rnm fn im Ogstmimeoõg fn im Timgtm. Im fostrojueoõg fn ims írnms, elgsostn ng ujoemr emfm ugm fn ims írnms í rnms fn im nhprnsm, ims eumins ogeiuyng fnsfn prlfueeoõg `mstm ims laoeogms mfhogostrmtovms fn im hoshm. Tmrm jrogfmr lrfng fn prolrofmf ng eumgtl m im prlxohofmf, sn mgmiozmrí ni nspmeol, hlvohongtl fn hmtnromins, prlfuetls aogmins y mihmengmhongtls, m trmvïs fni fomcrmhm UIT y ni fomcrmhm fn `oils, ng ils eumins sn nstufomrí im ohplrtmgeom y fnpngfngeom fn ug írnm elg ltrm.

 

5:  

5.1.=.= Hmtroz UIT Ng im socuongtn hmtroz sn hunstrmg ims rnimeolgns fn prlxohofmf, ng emfm ugm fn ims írnms qun rnprnsngtm im nhprnsm.

 

55  

Intrm

Vmjim5.=0 Ineturm fn Fomcrmhm fn @oil y Hmtroz UIT Lrfng fn Trlxohofmf Qmilr ng iègnms

 M

Mjsliutmhngtn Gnensmrol

J

Nspneomihngtn Ohplrtmgtn

E

Ohplrtmgtn

F

Lrfogmrol l Glrhmi

N

Uog Ohplrtmgeom

A

Ogfnsnmjin

C

Huy Ogfnsnmjin Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

5.1.=.:

 

Fomcrmhm fn @oil

56  

5.1.: Timgl Cngnrmi Hmnstrl

 

5>  

5.1.5 Timgl Cngnrmi ^gotmrol

 

51  

5.1.6 Ljrms Eovoins Im ljrm eovoi fn nstm pimgtm nstí elhprngfofm plr ug írnm fn mprlxohmfmhngtn =44h   fn imrcl plr >4h fn mge`l rnprnsngtmfls mgtnrolrhngtn ng ni Timgl Cngnrmi Hmnstrl.  Nstm  pimgtm fostrojuofm socuongtnÍrnm hmgnrm2 Gmvnnstí Ogfustromi (Írnmfn fnimTrlensl, fn Hm Hmgtngohongtl, gtngohongtl, Imjlrmtlrol fn Elgtrli fn Emiofmf, Jlfncm fn rnenpeoõg fn Hmtnrom Trohm, Fnspme`l).   Laoeogms (Cnrngeom Cngnrmi, Fnpmrtmhngtl fn Qngtms, Fnpmrtmhngtl fn Aogmgzms).   Emsntm fn Qocoimgeom   Im enrem pnrohntrmi   Ni írnm fn pmrqunl   Írnm Qnrfn  Vmjim5.=? Ljrms eovoins 











Fnseropeoõg  Írnm fn prlensls

Írnm h: 006.34

Imjlrmtlrol fn Elgtrli fn Emiofmf

>.44

Jlfncm fn rnenpeoõg fn Hmtnrom Trohm

?1.:>

Fnspme`l

54.44

 Írnm Mfhogostrmtovm

=:>.44

 Írnm fn Hmgtngohongtl

:6.44

Emsntm fn Qocoimgeom

3.>4

Elhnflr Umgotmrols

53.>4 =:.44

Nstmeolgmhongtl

5>4.44

Vltmi

=,>3=.?>

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom Timgtm y sus Mirnfnflrns2 Im pimgtm elgtmrm elg ugm enrem fn hmym Eoeiõg, pmrm ohpnfor im ngtrmfm m pnrslgms gl mutlrozmfms, ils plstns fn ims enrems snríg trmhls fn tujl fn menrl cmivmgozmfl mgeimfls ng elgerntl; ng ni

plrtõg progeopmi sn ilemiozmrí im emsntm fn vocoimgeom, plr flgfn pmsmrmg ni pnrslgmi fn im pimgtm y ims vosotms.

 

53  

Emizmfm fn im Timgtm2 Fnjn fosnýmrsn elg ni ljbntovl fn pnrhotor ni aíeoi meensl m tlfms ims írnms fn im pimgtm, tmgtl pmrm ni pnrslgmi elhl pmrm emholgns y nquopl fn rnsemtn (Jlhjnrls, Mhjuimgeoms, Tlioeèm, nte.). Ims mvngofms progeopmins snríg fn elgerntl rnalrzmfl ym qun ni hmgtngohongtl sljrn nstn hmtnromi ns fnsprneomjin y snrí fn 1h fn mge`l, hongtrms qun ims emiins sneugfmroms snríg fn crmvm. Uostnhm fn Frngmbn2 Ims aungtns progeopmins fn ims mcums fn frngmbn slg2 snrvoeols smgotmrols, fnsmcùns fn prlensl y ni frngmfl supnraoeomi. Ni sostnhm fn frngmbn fn im pimgtm elgsostn ng ugm iègnm progeopmi fn frngmbn elg rmhmins prlenfngtns fn emfm írnm. Im iègnm progeopmi fnjnrí tngnr im suaoeongtn prlaugfofmf pmrm rneojor im fnsemrcm fn ils rmhmins fn ims foanrngtns írnms fn im pimgtm. Ni írnm fn prlensl eungtm elg trmhpms ng ni eumi sn ugng pmrm iuncl snr fnsne`mfms, im tujnrèm fn ils smgotmrols nstmrí m ugm prlaugfofmf fn =.> hntrls, qun sn ugoríg elg im fn elg ils rnsofuls qun sming fni írnm fn prlensl. . Nfoaoeols2 Ims írnms fn prlensl nstmríg snpmrmfms l mosimfms fn emfm ntmpm fni prlensl y fn ims írnms fnstogmfms m ltrls snrvoeols, pmrm nvotmr meeolgns, hlvohongtls l prlenfohongtls qun punfmg emusmr elgtmhogmeoõg ngtrn niims. Ims pmrnfns fnjnríg tngnr supnraoeons iosms, sog ígcuils l jlrfns pmrm qun punfmg snr aíeoihngtn iohpomfms. Unríg elgstruofms fn hmtnromins elg supnraoeons furms, iojrns fn plivl, sog `unels l minrls qun punfmg fmg iucmr m im mgohmeoõg l rnaucol fn pimcms y meuhuimeoõg fn sueonfmf. Im ugoõg fn ims pmrnfns elg ni posl gl fnjnríg alrhmr ug ígcuil rnetl, sogl qun snríg rnflgfnmfms y sniimfms (Memjmfl smgotmrol) pmrm ameoiotmr su iohponzm. Ils posls snríg elgstruofls fn hmtnromins qun snmg rnsostngtns m im emrcm qun vmg m slplrtmr, gl sn pnrhotoríg posls fntnrolrmfls qun prnsngtng aosurms l orrncuimrofmfns ng su supnraoeon, fnjng tngnr ugm supnraoeon iosm pnrl gl rnsjmilsm, elg crontms y ugolgns sniimfms y elg ugm pngfongtn hègohm fn :% pmrm ni aíeoi fnsmilbl y nseurrohongtl `meom ni frngmbn. Ims pmrnfns snríg pogtmfms elg elilrns eimrls elg ni aog fn ameoiotmr im supnrvosoõg fn im iohponzm. Ils tne`ls snríg fn supnraoeons iosms ohpnrhnmjins sog crontms go mjnrturms im miturm fn nstls gl snrí hnglr fn 5 hntrls ng ni írnm fn prlensl. Ims punrtms y ils hmrels fn vngtmgm snríg elgstruofls elg hmtnromins qun prlplreolgng supnraoeons iosms y imvmjins, elg hmtnromins orrlhpojins. Mquniims euyl prlpõsotl ns vngtoimr, fnjng nstmr prltncofms elg hmiims hntíioems pmrm ohpnfor im ngtrmfm fn ogsnetls, ims punrtms y hmrels snríg elgstruofms elg hmtnromins fn supnraoeons iosms y aíeoins fn iohpomr; foe`ms punrtms fnjnríg mjrorsn `meom ni nxtnrolr. Vlfm im aíjroem nstmrí oiuhogmfm tmgtl elg iuz slimr elhl mrtoaoeomi, fn tmi hmgnrm qun snm plsojin im rnmiozmeoõg fn ims tmrnms y gl sn elhprlhntm im `ocongn fni prlfuetl y im sncurofmf fni pnrslgmi.  Mspnetls Mhjongtmins2 Ils fnsne`ls qun sn cngnrmríg ng im pimgtm slg fnsne`ls lrcígoels elhl eísemrms, arutms ng hmi

nstmfl (ims pmrm miohngtlfnfn l írnms mjlgl). Mfnhís fn ils fnsne`ls fn eumins mcum fnpunfng imvmfl. snr Ils utoiozmfms fnsne`ls prlvngongtns ims cmgmfl foanrngtns elhl pmpni (jlgf), piístoel, vofrol, rnsofuls fn hntmins, punfng snr rneoeimfls y rnutoiozmfls. Hongtrms qun ni rnstl fn fnsne`ls snríg hmgnbmfls plr ni sostnhm fn rnelineeoõg fn jmsurm hugoeopmi.  

50  

5.3 MUTNEVLU MFHOGOUVZMVOQLU 5.3.= Znqunrohongtl fn Zneursls @uhmgls Im pimgtm snho-Ogfustromi elgtmrí elg im emgtofmf y emiofmf fni pnrslgmi sn fntnrhogõ ng jmsn m im nstrueturm lrcmgozmtovm y m ims gnensofmfns lpnrmeolgmins fni prlensl fn prlfueeoõg.

Vmjim 5.:4 Cnrngeom Cngnrmi  Tnrslgmi

Emgtofmf

Govni memfïhoel

Cnrngeom Cngnrmi

=

Ogcngonrèm ]uèhoem l Ogfustromi.

Unerntmrom Nbneutovm

=

Unerntmromfl Nbneutovm.

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

Vmjim 5.:= Fnpmrtmhngtl fn Qngtms Tnrslgmi

Emgtofmf

Govni memfïhoel

Cnrngeom fn Qngtms

=

Ioengeomturm ng Hnremfltnegom

Nbneutovl fn Qngtms

5

Ioengeomturm ng hnremfl y pujioeofmf.  Mfhogostrmeoõg fn nhprnsms.

Embnrm

=

Elgtmfurèm pòjioem.

E`lanr

:

Nfuemeoõg Trohmrom.

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

Vmjim 5.:: Fnpmrtmhngtl fn Aogmgzms Tnrslgmi

Emgtofmf

Govni memfïhoel

Cnrngtn fn Aogmgzms

=

Ioengeomturm ng Jmgems y Aogmgzms. Nelglhèm.

Unerntmrom

=

Unerntmromfl Elhnreomi.

Elgtmflr

=

Elgtmfurèm Tòjioem y Aogmgzms.

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom  

5?  

Vmjim 5.:5 Fnpmrtmhngtl fn Trlfueeoõg Tnrslgmi

Emgtofmf

Govni memfïhoel

Írnm fn Trlfueeoõg Cnrngtn fn Trlensl Uupnrvoslr

= :

Ogcngonrèm ]uèhoem Ogcngonrèm ]uèhoem l Ogfustromi.

Lpnrmrols

1

Ogcngonrèm Ogfustromi l ]uèhoem.

rnm fn Ilcèstoem Bnan fn Ilcèstoem

=

Ogcngonrèm ]uèhoem l Ogfustromi

Bnan fn Jlfncm 

=

Ogcngonrèm Ogfustromi 

 Myufmgtn fn Jlfncm 

1

Jme`oiinr  

Írnm fn Elgtrli fn Emiofmf Bnan fn elgtrli fn emiofmf

=

Ogcngonrèm fn miohngtls

 Mgmiostm fn Emiofmf

5

Vïegoel fn Miohngtls

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

Vmjim 5.:6 Fnpmrtmhngtl fn ZZ@@ Tnrslgmi

Emgtofmf

Govni memfïhoel

Cnrngtn ZZ@@

=

Fnrne`l Elhnreomi

Unerntmrèm

=

Unerntmromfl Elhnreomi

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

 

64  

Vmjim 5.:> Fnpmrtmhngtl fn Hmgtngohongtl Tnrslgmi

Emgtofmf

Govni memfïhoel

Cnrngtn fn Hmgtngohongtl

=

Ogcngonrèm Hneígoem

Lpnrmrols fn

5

Ogcngonrèm Hneígoem l Niïetroem

Hmgtngohongtl Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

Vmjim 5.:1 Ltrms írnms  Tnrslgmi

Emgtofmf

Govni memfïhoel

Bnan fn pnrslgmi  Muxoiomr

=

Jme`oiinr

Tnrslgmi fn Iohponzm Znenpeolgostm

6 =

Jme`oiinr Jme`oiinr

Cumrfm fn Uncurofmf

:

Nfuemeoõg Trohmrom

E`lanr

6

Nfuemeoõg Trohmrom

Vltmi

>6 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

 

6=  

5.3.: Lrcmgocrmhm fn Lpnrmeoõg

Cnrngtn Cngnrmi

Unerntmrom

Cnrngtn Aogmgzms

Cnrngtn Trlensl

Uupnrvoslr

Lpnrmrols fn Tmstnurozmflrm

Elgtrli fn emiofmf

Mgmiostm fn emiofmf

Bnan fn Ilcostoem

Elgtmflr

Lpnrmrols fn elstls

Cnrngtn fn ZZ@@

Bnan fn pnrslgmi muxoiomr

Tnrslgmi fn Iohponzm

Lpnrmrols fn Ogeujmflrm

Cumrfom fn Uncurofmf

Lpnrmrols fn ngvmsmfl

E`lanr

Cnrngtn fn Cnrngtn Qngtms

Nbneutovl fn Qngtms

Embnrl

Bnan fn Jlfncm

Znsplgfmjin fn jlfmcm fn ogsuhls

Bnan fn Hmgtngohongtl

Tnrslgmi fn Hmgtngohongtl

 

6:  

EMTOV^IL 6. NUV^FOL AOGMGEONZL 6.= ELUVLU FN LTNZMEOÕG 6.=.= Elstls fn Trlfueeoõg. Ils elstls fn lpnrmeoõg slg cmstls ogfospngsmjins pmrm hmgtngnr im nstmjoiofmf fn ims ogfustroms, nsls elgtrojuyn fornetmhngtn m im prlfueeoõg m im slstngojoiofmf fn em emfm fm ugl fn ils fnpmrtmhngtls qun elgstotuyng im ogstotueoõg. Elhprngfn tlfl mquniil elstl qun ogtnrvongn ng im amjroemeoõg fni prlfuetl tmins elhl ils elstls fn hmtnrom prohm n ogsuhls, elstls fn hmgl fn ljrm, elstl fn hmgtngohongtl, ninetroeofmf, elhjustojin, mcum y nhpmqun. Mfnhís, sn ogeiuyng ni elstl fn fnprneomeoõg y mhlrtozmeoõg. 6.=.=.=

Elstl fn Hmtnrom Trohm n Ogsuhl. 

Elstls fn hmtnrom prohm n ogsuhls sn emieuimrlg ng jmsn mi vliuhng fn prlfueeoõg. Fn hmgnrm qun sn prlynetõ im prlfueeoõg plr ils eogel mýls fni `lrozlgtn fni prlynetl pmrm tngnr ugm nxmetotuf ng ils rnsuitmfls. Ni elstl fni sunrl tngfrí ug vmilr prlpunstl plr im nhprnsm GOIME U.M qun mjmstnenrí im pimgtm, nstn prneol snrí fn >44 ^$ plr tlgnimfm fn Uunrl. Ni vmilr fn im hmtnrom prohm snrí elgstmgtn. Ils prneols fn ltrls ogsuhls elhl ni Jmgmgl slg eltozmfls m 3> ^$ im tlgnimfm, nstls prneols fnjofl m im erneongtn prlfueeoõg fn nstn rujrl sn prlglstoem qun su prneol punfn foshoguor. Tlr tmgtl ni prneol fn nstn ogsuhl sn hmgtngfrí elgstmgtn. Ni prneol fn im Ine`n ng Tlivl nstm eltozmfl m 5?44 ^$ im tlgnimfm. Trneol fni euitovl Umeel Iylamst ns fn 3.?>^$plr emfm =44 iotrls fn sunrl. Im tlgnimfm hïtroem fn im Umi snrí 6>4 ^$.

Vmjim6.= Elstl fn Hmtnrom Trohm n Ogsuhl :4=> Ogsuhl y hmtnrom prohm Uunrl Umi Ine`n ng plivl Jmgmgl Umjlrozmgtn Elgsnrvmgtn

:4=1

:4=3

:4=0

:4=?

:,4=>.44 =1,664.44 6?>.44 3>1,::1.11 51,?0?.:> =5,=>=.33

:,4=1.44 =1,?44.44 >40.>4 333,55>.14 50,4::.44 =5,>=0.00

:,4=3.44 =3,50>.44 >::.44 3??,1?>.36 5?,==>.>4 =5,?43.3>

:,4=0.44 =3,004.44 >5>.>4 0::,>0>.04 64,:5>.:> 3=>,:?:.44

:,4=?.44 =0,654.44 >>5.>4 061,54=.>1 6=,5?>.>4 35>?,=66.44

0,4>>.61

3,4?3.6=

3,54=.>3

3,>=4.>3

==0,==6.:1

Nfuielrmgtn Euitovl Vltmi

30?,=41.40 0==,=5:.04 056,61>.=: 0>0,5>4.64 005,4?3.:0 =1?.>3 =0=.>3 =03.1? =?1.10 =?0.3> =,1:4,155.3? =,1:4,155.3? =,3=:,>04.53 =,363,54=.5> =,?40,4?0.:= Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

 

65  

6.=.=.:

Elstl fn Hmgl fn Ljrm.

Un trmtm fni nsaunrzl aèsoel l hngtmi nhpinmfls pmrm im nimjlrmeoõg fn ug prlfuetl. Nstí elgstotuofl plr ils smimrols fni pnrslgmi2 emioaoemfl y gl emioaoemfl, qun trmjmbm fornetmhngtn ng ni prlensl prlfuetovl ns fneor lpnrmflrns fn prlensl, supnrvoslrns y ng cngnrmi, ni pnrslgmi fn lpnrmeoõg.

Vmjim6.: Elstl Mfhogostrmtovls ng fõimr.  Tnrslgmi

Emgtofmf @lrms Umimrol jrutl imjlrmins hngsumi

Elstl mgumi tltmi

Cnrngtn fn Trlensl 

=

0

=,:44

=>,144

Uupnrvoslr  

:

0

>>4

=6,544

Lpnrmrols 

1

0

:44

5=,:44

Bnan fn Ilcèstoem 

=

0

>>4

3,=>4

Bnan fn Elgtrli fn emiofmf  

=

0

>>4

3,=>4

 Mgmiostms fn Emiofmf

5

0

644

=>,144

Cnrngtn fn Hmgtngohongtl

=

0

=,444

=5,444

Lpnrmrols fn Hmgtngohongtl

5

0

644

=>,144

Bnan fn Jlfncm 

=

0

144

3,044

 Myufmgtns fn Jlfncm

1

0

:44

=>,144

Vltmi

:>

--

>,0>4

=65,444

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

6.=.=.5 Elstls fn Hmgtngohongtls. Ni Elstl fn Hmgtngohongtl Mgumi pmrm ugm Timgtm ogeiuyn ni Elstl fn Hmgtngohongtl fn Nquopls Ogfustromins y ni Elstl fn Hmgtngohongtl fn Qn`èeuils. Ni elstl fn hmgtngohongtl fn nquopls ogfustromins pmrm ugm Timgtm elg Jmbl Govni fn Uncurofmf elrrnsplgfn fni : ―5 % fni elstl tltmi fn im elhprm fn ils nquopls hmylrns y hnglrns, tujnrèms y meenslrols. Tlr ltrl imfl, ni elstl fn hmgtngohongtl fn vn`èeuils gl fnpngfn fni elstl fni hoshl, so gl qun fnpngfn fni topl fn vn`èeuil y sus rnqunrohongtls hngsumins. Un ogvnstocõ qun ni elstl fn hmgtngohongtl fn ug vn`èeuil mgumihngtn ns fn mprlxohmfmhngtn ^$ =14

 

66  

Vmjim6.5 Trlyneeoõg fn ils Elstls fn Hmgtngohongtl ng ni @lrozlgtn fni Trlynetl Elgenptl :4=> :4=1 :4=3 :4=0 :4=? Nquopls Ogfustromins Vujnrèms y meenslrols Qn`èeuils Vltmi

6.=.=.6

:,>4:.44

:,>4:.44

:,>4:.44

:,>4:.44

:,>4:.44

::?.?> ::?.?> ::?.?> =14.44 =14.44 =14.44 :,0?=.?> :,0?=.?> :,0?=.?> Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

::?.?> =14.44 :,0?=.?>

::?.?> =14.44 :,0?=.?>

Elstls fn Ngnrcèm Niïetroem.

Im ngnrcèm ns elgsuhofm ng ils foanrngtns nquopls nxostngtns ng ni prlensl, y msè hoshl ils nquopls fn laoeogms y snýmiozmeoõg fn im pimgtm. Vlfl nstn elgsuhl fn ngnrcèm niïetroem fnaogn ug cmstl nelgõhoel qun sn elgtmjoiozm elhl elstl fn im ngnrcèm niïetroem.

Vmjim6.6 Elstl plr Elgsuhl fn Ngnrcèm fn Nquopls Ogfustromins Nquopls :4=> :4=1 :4=3 :4=0 :4=? Tmstnurozmflr fn pimems 36,=5?.>: 36,=5?.>: 36,=5?.>: 36,=5?.>: 36,=5?.>: Vmgqun fn Ogleuimeoõg 651.0? 651.0? 651.0? 651.0? 651.0? Ogeujmflrm :,1630.64 :,1630.64 :,1630.64 :,1630.64 :,1630.64 Vmgqun fn ngaromhongtl =,?0>.00 =,?0>.00 =,?0>.00 =,?0>.00 =,?0>.00 Vmgqun fn arutmfl =,?0>.00 =,?0>.00 =,?0>.00 =,?0>.00 =,?0>.00 Jmgfm trmgsplrtmflrm 5,?3=.31 5,?3=.31 5,?3=.31 5,?3=.31 5,?3=.31 Nhpmemflrm 5,?3=.31 5,?3=.31 5,?3=.31 5,?3=.31 5,?3=.31 Vltmi

==:,?34.4? ==:,?34.4? ==:,?34.4? ==:,?34.4? ==:,?34.4? Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

 

6>  

Vmjim6.> Elstl plr Elgsuhl fn Ngnrcèm fn Nquopls fn Laoeogm Nquopls :4=> :4=1 :4=3 :4=0 :4=? Elhputmflrm ??:.?6 ??:.?6 ??:.?6 ??:.?6 ??:.?6 Ohprnslrm =>0.03 =>0.03 =>0.03 =>0.03 =>0.03 Nsemgnr =?0.>? =?0.>0 =?0.>0 =?0.>0 =?0.>0 Altlelpomflrm =?0>.00 =?0>.00 =?0>.00 =?0>.00 =?0>.00 emantnrm =?0.>? =?0.>0 =?0.>0 =?0.>0 =?0.>0  Morn melgfoeolgmfl 6155.3: 6155.3: 6155.3: 6155.3: 6155.3: Hoerllgfms =,0>5.6? =,0>5.60 =,0>5.60 =,0>5.60 =,0>5.60 Znarocnflrm =,???.=: =,???.=: =,???.=: =,???.=: =,???.=: Vninamx 5?3.=0 5?3.=0 5?3.=0 5?3.=0 5?3.=0 Vltmi =:,6=0.53 =:,6=0.53 =:,6=0.53 =:,6=0.53 =:,6=0.53 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom 

6.=.=.>

Elstls fn Elhjustojin.

Ils elstls yfnvn`èeuils. elhjustojin ogeiuyng elstls plr elhjustojin fn nquopls ogfustromins Ils cmstls fnils elhjustojin plrcmstl pmrtn fn fn nquopls pmrm fn nstnpmrtn prlynetl ns enrl fnjofl m qun gogcugl fn ils nquopls m ogstmimr leupm elhjustojin pmrm su lpnrmeoõg, ym qun tlfls trmjmbmg elg rnsostngeoms niïetroems. Un fneofoõ trmjmbmr elg rnsostngeoms niïetroems plr qun ni cmstl ng im ogstmimeoõg fn emifnrms rnquonrn fn ug mitl elgsuhl fn ngnrcèm niïetroem, euyl prneol emhjom fèm m fèm.

Nquopls

Vmjim6.1 Elstl fn Elhjustojin  :4=> :4=1 :4=3 :4=0 =,444

:4=?

Qn`èeuils

=,444

=,444

=,444

=,444

Emholgns Vltmi

5,:44 5,:44 5,:44 6,:44 6,:44 6,:44 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom 

5,:44 6,:44

5,:44 6,:44

 

61  

6.=.=.1

Elstls fn Nhpmqun.

Ils elstls fn Nhpmqun fni prlfuetl tnrhogmfl euyl prlvnnflr Uhuraot Kmppm   fn topl TNV y ngvmsns TU, ni vmilr fni nhpmqun fn nstn topl fn jnjofms ns fn ^$ :44 fõimrns qun ogeiuyng tmpms y 14 fõimrns ims jmgfnbms fn emrtõg im eumi sn prlynetl su elhprm pmrm ils > mýls fni auturl fni prlynetl.

Vmjim6.3 Elstl Mgumi fn Nhpmquns  Elstl Mgumi fn Nhpmquns ^$ Elgenptl :4=> :4=1 :4=3 :4=0 :4=? Elstl fn Nhpmquns 6,=444 6=,444 6=,444 6=,444 6=,444 Elstl fn Jmgfnbms =:,444 =:,444 =:,444 =:,444 =:,444 Vltmi >5444 >5444 >5444 >5444 >5444 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom 

 

63  

6.=.=.3

Fnprneomeoõg y Mhlrtozmeoõg

Elgenptl

Nquopls Ogfustromins Ljrms Eovoins Vnrrngl Qn`èeuils Nquopls fn Laoeogm Vltmi

Trneol fn elhprm ^$

Vmjim 6.0 Fnprneomeoõg  Fnprneomeoõg Mgumi

Tlrengtmbn fn Fnprneomeo õg %

1:,>>4.44 51,>44.44 54,444.44 =1=1,:?1.44 :,036.5? =360,::4.5?

=4.44

:4=>

:4=1

:4=3

:4=0

:4=?

1,:>>.44

1,:>>.44

1,:>>.44

1,:>>.44

1,:>>.44

Qmilr fn Umivmhngtl ^$ 5=,:3>.44

=4.44 51,>44.=4 51,>44.=4 51,>44.=4 51,>44.=4 51,>44.=4 =0:>44.>4 --------=>,444 :4.44 5:5,:>?.:4 5:5,:>?.:4 5:5,:>?.:4 5:5,:>?.:4 5:5,:>?.:4 =1=1,:?1.44 :4.44

>36.00 >36.00 >36.00 >36.00 >36.00 :,036.5? 511,>0?.=0 554,40?.40 554,40?.40 554,40?.40 554,40?.40 =063,?6>.0? Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

 

60  

6.=.=.0 Elstl fn Ogtnrgnt. Un mfquoroõ ug pimg nhprnsmromi elg im nhprnsm Eimrl, elg ug snrvoeol hngsumi y aobl fn =6?.?? ^$ m ugm vnileofmf fn >=: K/s qun snrí elgstmgtn ng ni `lrozlgtn fni prlynetl.

Elgenptl Ogtnrgnt

Vmjim6.? elstl fn Ogtnrgnt  :4=> :4=1 :4=3 :4=0

:4=?

=6?.??

=6?.??

=6?.??

=6?.??

=6?.??

Vltmi

=6?.?? =6?.?? =6?.?? =6?.?? Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom 

=6?.??

6.=.: Elstls fn Elhnreomiozmeoõg y Qngtm Ils Elstls fn Elhnreomiozmeoõg y Qngtm mjmremg il qun slg prlhleolgns, vngtm fn ug prlfuetl l snrvoeol, nstls ogeiuyng ni smimrol fn ils qun trmjmbmg ng ni Fnpmrtmhngtl fn Qngtms, Cmstls fn Tujioeofmf y Elhnreomiozmeoõg fni Trlfuetl.

Vmjim6.=4. Umimrol fn Tnrslgmi fni Fnpmrtmhngtl fn Qngtms  Umimrol Umimrol Jrutl Elstl Vltmi Tnrslgmi Emgtofmf Jrutl ^$ Mgumi ^$ Mgumi ^$ Cnrngtn fn vngtms Nbneutovl fn vngtms Embnrm E`lanr Vltmi

= 5 = : 3

144

3,044

3,044

5>4 6,>>4 544 5,?44 :>4 5,:>4 =,>44 =?,>44 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

6,>>4 5,?44 5,:>4 =?,>44

Vmjim6.== Elstls fn Tujioeofmf y Elhnreomiozmeoõg Elstl Mgumi Elstl Emgtofmf Hngsumi Hngsumi ^$ ^$ (Cmilgns) Elhjustojin ?4 54?.14 5,3=>.:4 Tujioeofmf :,>44.44 54,444.44 Vltmi :,0=4.44 55,3=>.44 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom Elgenptl

 

6?  

Vmjim6.=: Elstls Vltmins fn Elhnreomiozmeoõg y Qngtm Elgenptl Elstl Mgumi Elstl Vltmi Mgumi (smimrols) =?,>44.44 Elstls fn Tujioeofmf y Elhnreomiozmeoõg 55,3=>.:4 Vltmi >5,:=>.:4 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

6.: OGQNZUOÕG AOGMGEONZM 6.:.= Ogvnrsoõg Aobm y Fnanrofm Im ogvnrsoõg ogoeomi ogeiuyn im mfquosoeoõg fn tlfls ils metovls aobls l tmgcojins y fn ils foanrofls l ogtmgcojins, gnensmrols pmrm ogoeomr ims lpnrmeolgns fn im pimgtm, elg nxenpeoõg fni empotmi fn trmjmbl. Nstn elgbugtl fn cmstls ng rneursls hmtnromins y `uhmgls nxprnsmfls ng tïrhogls aogmgeonrls l nelgõhoels elgstotuyng ils elstls fn ogvnrsoõg fn im mitnrgmtovm l fn im vmromgtn fn sliueoõg pmrm prljinhm pimgtnmfl.

6.:.=.=

Ogvnrsoõg Aobm

Ulg ils jongns, prlponfmf fn im nhprnsm, tmins elhl2 tnrrngls, hmquogmroms, `nrrmhongtms, hljoiomrol, vn`èeuils fn trmgsplrtn, nte. Vmhjoïg sn ins iimhm aobl plrqun im nhprnsm gl punfn fnsprngfnrsn aíeoihngtn fn niils, sog qun elg nsl sn lemsolgng crmgfns prljinhms, nspneomihngtn ng sus metovofmfns prlfuetovms.

 

>4  

6.:.=.=.= Nquopls

Vmjim6.=5 Elstls Vltmins fn ils Nquopls

Nquopl Vmgqun fn Mihmengmhongtl fn  Mcum Vmgqun fn Mihmengmhongtl fn Uunrl Vmgqun fn Nstmgfmrozmeoõg Tmstnurozmflr fn pimems

Elstl ^gofmfns ^gotmrol

Uuj-Vltmi ($)

Elstl Vltmi OQM (=>%) ($)

=

0,6??

0,6??

=,:36.0>

?,335.0>

: = :

=:,?1>.44 =6,0>4.44 =6,0>4 .44 =5,444.44

:>,?54.44 =6,0>4.44 :1,444.44

5,00?.>4 :,::3.>4 5,?44.44

:?,0=?.>4 =3,433.>4 :?,?44.44

Vmgqun fn Ogleuimeoõg Ogeujmflrm Vmgqun fn ngaromhongtl Vmgqun fn arutmfl Jmgfm trmgsplrtmflrm Nhpmemflrm Jlhjms Engtroaucm Vltmi

= :4,0?4.44 :4,0?4.44 5,=55.>4 = 3,???.44 3,???.44 =,=??.0> : 04,444.44 =14,444.44 :6,444.44 : 3>,>44.44 =>=,444.44 ::,1>4.44 = :0,444.44 :0,444.44 6,:44.44 = 55,>:4.44 55,>:4.44 >,4:0.44 =0 =,:?0.44 :5,516.44 5,>46.14 5: :?1,>:=.44 >44,4>:.44 3>,443.04 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

:6,4:5.>4 ?,=?0.0> =06,444.44 =35,1>4.44 5:,:44.44 50,>60.44 :1,010.14 >3>,4>?.04

6.:.=.=.: Meenslrols fn Vujnrèms. Vmjim6.=6 Elstls Vltmins fn Meenslrols y Vujnrèms  Meenslrol foíhntrl (: Tuic)

^gofmfns

Elstl ^gotmrol ($)

Uujtltmi ($)

Vujnrèm fn Menrl Oglx Elfls Oglx

OQM (=>%)

Elstl Vltmi

=1

=1=

:,>31.44

:,?1:.13

>,>50.13

fn

Menrl

6

:30

=,==:.44

=,:30.04

:,5?4.04

Qíivuims elhpunrtms mjonrtms

fn

1

==4

114.44

3>?.44

=,6=?.44

Qíivuims fn ciljl

=

1=>

1=>.44

343.:>

=,5::.:>

Vltmi

:3

=,=16

6,?15.44

>,343.3:

=4,134.3:

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

 

>=  

6.:.=.=.5 Nquopls fn Laoeogm. Vmjim6.=> Elstls Vltmins fn Hljoiomrol fn tlfm im Timgtm Fnseropeoõg Emgtofmf Elstl ugotmrol OQM ogeiuofl ($) Elstl Vltmi ($) Elhputmflrms => >3>.44 01:>.44 Ohprnslrms 1 >:3.44 5=1:.44 Vniïalgls 3 >>>.6> 5000.=> Nserotlrol :4 6>0.0> ?=33.44 Uoiims fn nserotlrol :4 ::0.0> 6>33.44  Mre`ovnrl 1 ==5.0> 105.=4

Iojrnrls

:

Altlelpomflrms  Morn Melgfoeolgmfl Tmpninrms Uoiims fn nspnrm Vninamx Uemggnr Hoerllgfms Znarocnrmflrm Hnsms Uoiims Emantnrm

1 1 :4 =4 6 1 = = 3 54 6

Vltmi

6>0.0> >35.0> 356.0> 5.6> 03.64 663.5> ::>.64 565.0> >35.0> :=:.3> 61.44 6?6.>4

?=3.34 5665.=4 664?.=4 1?.44 036.44 =30?.64 =5>:.64 565.0> >35.0> =60?.:> =504.44 =?30.44

=3= Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom  1,11=.=4

60,36=.?4

Vmjim6.=1 Elstls Vltmins fn Hljoiomrol fn smgotmrols  Fnseropeoõg Imvmhmgls Oglflrls Vltmi

Emgtofmf Elstl ugotmrol OQM ogeiuofl ($) Elstl Vltmi ($) > :>5.4 =,:1> =4 135.? 1,35? => ?:1.? 0,446 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom 

6.:.=.=.6 Elstl fn Vnrrngl y Ljrms Eovoins. Vnrrngl Un elgsofnrm ujoemr im pimgtm ng ug tnrrngl elg ugm supnraoeon fn :,>44h: (=44h fn imrcl plr >4 fn mge`l), ni eumi plsnn ug elstl fn ^$ 51,>44. Elgtmrm elg ug nstmeolgmhongtl fn elgerntl `ofríuioel ni eumi tngfrí ug elstl fn :>4 ^$ ni h:. 

 

>:  

Vmjim6.=3 Elstls Vltmins fn Ljrms Eovoins  Írnm h:  Fnseropeoõg Elstl h:($)  Írnm fn prlensls 006.3 Imjlrmtlrol fn Elgtrli fn Emiofmf > Jlfncm fn rnenpeoõg fn Hmtnrom Trohm ?1.:> Fnspme`l 54  Írnm Mfhogostrmtovm =:>  Írnm fn Hmgtngohongtl :6 Emsntm fn Qocoimgeom 3.>

>>4 544 544 544 544 544 =44

Elstl Vltmi ($) 601,>0> =,>44 :0,03> ?,444 53,>44 3,:44 3>4

Elhnflr Umgotmrols Nstmeolgmhongtl Vltmi

53.> =: 5>4 =,>3=.?> Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

544 =>4 :>4 :,0>4

==,:>4 =,044 03,>44 13=,?14

6.:.=.=.> Qn`èeuils Vmjim6.=0 Elstls fn Qn`èeuils  Vopl fn vn`èeuil Emgtofmf Elstl ^gotmrol ($) Elstl Vltmi ($) Eostnrgm : =:3,>44 :>>,444 Emholgntm VL_LVM = :5,044 :5,044 Hlgtmemrcms : 1,?44 =5,044 Vltmi > =>0,:44 :?:,144 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

6.:.=.=.1 Ogvnrsoõg Aobm Vltmi Vmjim6.=? Elstls fn Ogvnrsoõg Aobm Vltmi Elgenptl Hlgtl ($) Nquopl >3>,4>?.04 Vujnrèms y Meenslrols =4,134.3: Nquopls fn laoeogms y smgotmrols >1,36>.?4 tnrrngl 51,>44.44 Ljrms Eovoins 13=,?14.44 vn`èeuils :?:,144.44 Vltmi =,165,>51.44 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

 

>5  

6.:.=.:

Ogvnrsoõg Foanrofm

Ulg ni elgbugtl fn jongns fn im nhprnsm tmins elhl2 msostngeom tïegoem, hmrems, pmtngtns fn ogvnrsoõg, nstufols mfhogostrmtovls, nstufols fn nvmiumeoõg, fosnýls, nte. Vmhjoïg sn ins iimhm metovls foanrofls. Tmrm nanetls fn eíieuils im Ogvnrsoõg Foanrofm sn punfn fntnrhogmr ng tïrhogls fn ltrls mspnetls fni Mgíiosos fn Elstls.

Vmjim6.:4 Ogvnrsoõg Foanrofm  Elgenptl

Ljsnrvmeoõg

Qmilr fni Metovl ($) Elstl Vltmi ($)

Timgnmeoõg n Ogtncrmeoõg fni prlynetl Ogcngonrèm fni Trlynetl Ogcngonrèm fni Trlynetl  Mfhogostrmeoõg fni Trlynetl Ohprnvostls Vltmi

=% Met. Aobls >% Ljrms Eovoins >% Ljrms Eovoins =% Ljrms Eovoins >% (Met. Aobls + Ljrms Eovoins) --------------------------Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom 

=,165,>51 13=,?14 13=,?14 13=,?14

=1,65>.51 55,>?0.44 55,>?0.44 1,3=?.14

:,5=>,6?1 >,?36,?=:

==>,336.04 :41,=:>.31

6.:.: Empotmi Fn Vrmjmbl Ni empotmi fn trmjmbl (tmhjoïg fnglhogmfl empotmi elrrongtn, empotmi eoreuimgtn, empotmi fn rltmeoõg, algfl fn rltmeoõg l algfl fn hmgoljrm), ns ugm hnfofm fn im empmeofmf qun tongn ugm nhprnsm pmrm elgtogumr elg ni glrhmi fnsmrrliil fn sus metovofmfns ng ni elrtl pimzl. Un emieuim elhl ni nxenfngtn fn metovls fn elrtl pimzl sljrn pmsovls fn elrtl pimzl.

Eíieuil fni Empotmi fn Vrmjmbl

 Ns ni fognrl ym snm (:1 ng nanetovl fleuhngtl, elg qun fnjn elgtmr im nhprnsm pmrm Embm y Jmgels2 rnmiozmr sus lpnrmeolgns eltofomgms. fèms fnilelstl fn prlfueeoõg). Ni elstl fn prlfueeoõg pmrm ni prohnr mýl ns fn ^$ :, 5=3,010.50 qun nquovming m :14 fèms qun vm m trmjmbmr im pimgtm mi mýl. $:,5=3,010.50 8 0,?=6.03$/è   :14 è  

Fn hlfl qun ni elstl fn prlfueeoõg fn :1 fèms ns fn $ :5=,301.1:.

Ogvngtmrols2 Tunfng snr hmtnrom prohm (:1 fèms fni elstl fn hmtnrom prohm y ltrls hmtnromins) y  

>6  

Ni fn hmtnrom prohm pmrm ni prohnr mýl ns fn ^$ =, 1:4,155.3? qun nquovming m :14 fè fèms ms qun vm elstl m trmjmbmr im pimgtm mi mýl. $=,1:4,155.3? 8 1,:55.:4 $/è  :14 è

Fn hmgnrm qun ni elstl fn hmtnrom prohm fn :1 fèms ns fn $=1:,415.53 Ni elstl fn prlfueeoõg pmrm sontn fèms fn im hoshm hmgnrm qun sn `ozl ng im embm fn fnsnhjlisl fn embm y jmgel $:,5=3,010.50

8 1,:55.:4$/è 

:14 è

Fn hmgnrm qun ni elstl fn prlfueeoõg fn 3 fèms ns fn $ 65,15:.6.

Eungtms plr eljrmr2 Un rnaonrn mi erïfotl ltlrcmfl ng im vngtm fn ils prohnrls prlfuetls. (:1 fèms fni vmilr fn ims vngtms). Ils ogcrnsls fn :1 fèms sn emieuimg ng jmsn m ils Ogcrnsls Vltmins pmrm ni prohnr mýl qun slg fn ^$ ^$10,?1:,>13.13 8 :1>,:64.16$/è  :14 è

 M elgtogumeoõg sn prnsngtm im tmjim rnsuhng fni empotmi fn trmjmbl pmrm ni prohnr pnrèlfl fn lpnrmeoõg (mprlxohmfmhngtn ug hns). Vmjim6.:= Ogvnrsoõg Foanrofm 

Metovls Foanrofls Elgenptl

Elstl tltmins

Embm y Jmgels

(+)

:5=,301.1:

Eungtms plr Eljrmr (+)

:1>,:64.16

Ogvngtmrol

(+)

65,15:.64

Tmsovls Foanrofls Eungtms plr pmcmr

(.-)

Empotmi fn Vrmjmbl 8

=1:,415.53

530,>?1.=5

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom 

 

>>  

6.5 A^NGVNU FN AOGMGEOMHONGVL 6.5.= Vmsm Hègohm Menptmjin fn Zngfohongtl Ns im tmsm m im eumi ni Ogvnrsolgostm rnmiozm ni mgíiosos fn ogvnrsolgns. E Elg lg nstm tmsm sn trmsimfmg ils vmilrns mi prnsngtn fn ils Aiubls Gntls fn Nanetovl y sn elhpmrmg elg im ogvnrsoõg ogoeomi pmrm nvmiumr im rngtmjoiofmf fn im ogvnrsoõg. Im VHMZ sn emieuim hnfomgtn im socuongtn neumeoõg  8  +    

Ng ni prnsngtn nstufol sn tlhmrí ugm Vmsm Hègohm Menptmjin fn Zngfohongtl fni 54%, qun elrrnsplgfn mi prlgõstoel fni Jmgel Engtrmi fn Goemrmcum. Im ogvnrsoõg ogoeomi fn ug prlynetl punfn ljtngnrsn fn fls alrhms, ugm qun im ogvnrsoõg snm elstnmfm plr ils ogvnrsolgostms y im ltrm ns qun sn elgsofnrn ug aogmgeomhongtl ym snm tltmi l pmreomi, nstn aogmgeomhongtl punfn ngelgtrmrsn ng eumiquonr ofngtofmf jmgemrom qun menptn ni prlynetl qun ils ogvnrsolgostms fnsnng nstmjinenr. Ng nstn nstufol sn tlhmrí im VHMZ sohpin pmrm mgmiozmr im rngtmjoiofmf fni prlynetl ng ils Nsengmrols.

6.5.: Nsengmrols fn Ogvnrsoõg Tmrm im Nvmiumeoõg fni Nstufol Aogmgeonrl, sn tngfríg prnsngtn ils socuongtns nsengmrols2 Nsengmrol =2 Nsengmrol ng ni qun ni Ogvnrsolgostm prlplreolgm 64% fn im Ogvnrsoõg tltmi y ni Jmgel ni 14% rnstmgtn fn im Ogvnrsoõg Vltmi pmrm im Ogstmimeoõg fn im Timgtm. Nsengmrol :2 Nsengmrol ng ni qun ni Ogvnrsolgostm prlplreolgm 54% fn im Ogvnrsoõg Vltmi y ni Jmgel ni 34% rnstmgtn fn im Ogvnrsoõg Vltmi pmrm im Ogstmimeoõg fn im Timgtm. Nsengmrol 52 Nsengmrol ng ni qun ni Ogvnrsolgostm prlplreolgm :4% fn im Ogvnrsoõg Vltmi y ni Jmgel ni 04% rnstmgtn fn im Ogvnrsoõg Vltmi pmrm im Ogstmimeoõg fn im Timgtm. Ils trns nsengmrols fnjnríg ogeiuor ils socuongtns eíieuils2 Qmilr Trnsngtn Gntl. Vmsm Ogtnrgm fn Zntlrgl. Znimeoõg Jngnaoeol ― Elstl. Tugtl fn Nquoiojrol. Tnrèlfl fn Zneupnrmeoõg. Tmrm ils 5 Nsengmrols sn rnmiozmrlg ils eíieuils elrrnsplgfongtns pmrm ni smifl fn im fnufm ng ug pnrèlfl fn eogel mýls, elg ugm tmsm fn ogtnrïs fni =6% hngsumi.

 

>1  

6.6 OGCZNULU 6.6.= Elstl ^gotmrol y Trneol fn Qngtm Qngtm Ni elstl ugotmrol fni prlfuetl sn emieuim hnfomgtn im socuongtn neumeoõg2 . 

ElstlfnTrlfueeoõg   QliuhngfnTrlfueeoõg

Vmjim6.:: Elstl ^gotmrol  Elstl fn

Elstl fn ^gotmrol

Mýl :4=> :4=1 :4=3 :4=0 :4=?

Qliuhng fn Trlfueeoõg Trlfueeoõg :,5=3,010.50 >6,3??.46 :,5:>,65:.:> >1,5:0.10 :,535,5=1.01 >3,?60.?1 :,640,450.06 >?,143.13 :,>10,055.34 1=,5:1.:4 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

^$ tlg 6:.54 6=.:0 64.?1 64.64 6=.0?

Vmjim6.:5Elstl fn Qngtm  Mýl :4=> :4=1 :4=3 :4=0 :4=?

Elstl fn Tlrengtmbn fn Cmgmgeom Elstl fn Qngtm ^gotmrol 6:.54 1.56 60.16 6=.:0 1.=? 63.60 64.?1 1.=6 63.=4 64.64 1.41 61.61 6=.0? 1.:0 60.=3 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom 

6.6.: Trlyneeoõg fn Ogcrnsls plr Qngtm

Mýl :4=> :4=1 :4=3 :4=0 :4=? tltmi

Vmjim6.:6Trlyneeoõg fn Ogcrnsls plr Qngtm  Emgtofmf fn Jltniims Ogcrnsls Mgumins Elstl fn vngtm Mgumins Vltmins 60.16 :35,??>.:4 =5,5:3,365.=? 63.60 :0=,165.64 =5,53=,:5>.66 63.=4 :0?,366.04 =5,161,>3=.?> 61.61 :?0,450.5> =5,061,::5.55 60.=3 541,15=.44 =6,334,3?5.30 Trlyneeoõg fn Ogcrnsls plr Qngtm 10,?1:,>13.13 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg prlpom

 

>3  

6.> ZNU^IVMFLU FNI NUV^FOL AOGMGEONZL 6.>.= Elstls Aogmgeonrls Ils elstls aogmgeonrls slg ims rntrojueolgns qun sn fnjng pmcmr elhl elgsneungeom fn im gnensofmf fn elgtmr elg algfls pmrm hmgtngnr ng ni tonhpl ils metovls qun pnrhotmg ni augeolgmhongtl lpnrmtovl fn im elhpmýèm. Nstls sn rnimeolgmg elg im ljtngeoõg fn algfls pmrm im lpnrmeoõg fn im nhprnsm. Ogeiuyng ni elstl fn ils ogtnrnsns qun im elhpmýèm fnjn pmcmr plr ils prïstmhls, msè elhl ni elstl fn ltlrcmr erïfotl m eiongtns. Ng ltrms pmimjrms ni elstl aogmgeonrl slg ils ogtnrnsns

qun sn fnjng pmcmr ng rnimeoõg elg ils empotmins ljtngofls ng prïstmhls. Ils prïstmhls sn emgenimríg ng eogel mýls (`lrozlgtn fni prlynetl), ni prnsupunstl fn aogmgeomeoõg sn elgstruorí elhl Tmcl fn Emgtofmfns Ocumins mi Aogmi fn emfm ugl fn ils Mýls.    M elgtogumeoõg sn hunstrm ni pmcl fn prïstmhl fn im Ogvnrsoõg fn ils 5 Nsengmrols2

Nsengmrol =2 14% Jmgel, 64%Ogvnrsolgostm. 64 %Ogvnrsolgostm. Ogvnrsoõg Vltmi8 $ =, 06?,11=.31 Trïstmhl 8 $ =, =4?,3?3.41 o8 =6%

Mýl :4=6 :4=> :4=1 :4=3 :4=0 :4=?

Vmjim 6. :>. Tmcl fn Fnufm  Tmcl m Tmcl m aogmi Tmcl fn Ogtnrïs Trogeopmi fn mýl =>>,53=.>? =5=,011.6: =4>,434.>6

=13,0?6.45 =?=,5??.:4 :=0,=?>.40

5:5,:1>.1: 5:5,:1>.1: 5:5,:1>.1:

36,>:5.:: :60,36:.64 5:5,:1>.1: 5?,1??.:? :05,>11.55 5:5,:1>.1: Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg Trlpom

Umifl =,=4?,3?3.41 ?6=,?45.45 3>4,>45.05 >5:,540.3> :05,>11.5> -

 

>0  

Nsengmrol :2 34% Jmgel, 54%Ogvnrsolgostm. Ogvnrsoõg Vltmi8 $ =, 06?,11=.31 Trïstmhl 8 $ =, :?6,315.:5 o8 =6% Vmjim 6. :1. Tmcl fn Fnufm  Mýl Tmcl fn Tmcl m Tmcl m aogmi Ogtnrïs Trogeopmi fn mýl :4=6 :4=>

Umifl =,:?6,315.:5

=0=,:11.0>

=?>,031.50

533,=65.:5

=,4?0,001.0>

:4=1

=>5,066.=1

::5,:??.43

533,=65.:5

03>,>03.30

:4=3

=::,>0:.:?

:>6,>14.?6

533,=65.:5

1:=,4:1.06

:4=0

01,?65.31

:?4,=??.63

533,=65.:5

554,0:3.53

:4=?

61,5=>.05

554,0:3.64

533,=65.:5

-

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg Trlpom

Nsengmrol 52 04% Jmgel, :4%Ogvnrsolgostm. :4 %Ogvnrsolgostm. Ogvnrsoõg Vltmi8 $ =, 06?,11=.31 Trïstmhl 8 $ =, 63?,3:?.6= o8 =6%

Mýl :4=6 :4=> :4=1 :4=3 :4=0 :4=?

Vmjim 6. :3. Tmcl fn Fnufm  Tmcl fn Tmcl m Tmcl m aogmi Ogtnrïs Trogeopmi fn mýl :43,=1:.=: =3>,0:=.?4 =64,4?6.4>

::5,0>0.3= :>>,=?0.?5 :?4,?:1.30

65=,4:4.05 65=,4:4.05 65=,4:4.05

??,516.54 55=,1>1.>5 65=,4:4.05 >:,?5:.50 530,400.6> Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg Trlpom

Umifl =,63?,3:?.6= =,:>>,034.34 =,444,13=.33 34?,366.?0 530,400.6>-

 

>?  

Tmcl fn Fnufm fni Empotmi fn Vrmjmbl2 Vmjim 6. :0. Tmcl fn Fnufm fni Empotmi fn Vrmjmbl2   Mýl :4=6 :4=> :4=1

Tmcl fn Ogtnrïs

Tmcl m Trogeopmi

Tmcl m aogmi fn mýl

>5,445.60 >3,:3>.5? ==4,:30.03 66,?06.?5 1>,:?5.?6 ==4,:30.03 Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg Trlpom

Umifl 530,>?1.54 5:=,5:4.?= :>1,4:1.?3

6.>.: Tugtl fn Nquoiojrol Ns ni govni fn prlfueeoõg y vngtms ng ni eumi im nhprnsm eujrn im tltmiofmf fn sus elstls. Ns fneor, qun gl cmgm g ponrfn fognrl, ni eumi punfn nxprnsmrsn ng ugofmfns aèsoems l hlgntmroms. Ils ninhngtls qun im elgalrhmg slg ils Ogcrnsls, ils Elstls Qmromjins, Hmrcng Aogmgeonrl l fn Cmgmgeom y ils Elstls Aobls. Ni pugtl fn nquoiojrol sn ngeungtrm hnfomgtn im socuongtn Neumeoõg2

p.n 8

   . √ . . 

Flgfn2 ]p.n2 Emgtofmf fn Uljrns Qngfofls eumgfl ils ogcrnsls slg ocumins m ils Ncrnsls. E.A.2 Elstls Aobls. T.Q.2 Trneol fn Qngtm. E.^.2 Elstl ^gotmrol. Emieuimgfl ni Tugtl fn Nquoiojrol sn ljtongn2 ..  8 

=,165,>51.44   8 6,66=,?0?   4.>5 √ 4.=1

 

14  

6.>.5 Znimeoõg Jngnaoeol Elstl Im Znimeoõg Jngnaoeol Elstl hofn ni rngfohongtl fni fognrl sljrn im jmsn fn im Ogvnrsoõg. Nxprnsm guhïroemhngtn eumgtl empotmi rntlrgm plr ugofmf hlgntmrom ogvnrtofm. Erotnrols fn nvmiumeoõg2 J/E 7 =; Ohpioem qun ils Ogcrnsls slg hmylrns qun ils Ncrnsls, ngtlgens ni Trlynetl ns melgsnbmjin. J/E 9 =; Ohpioem qun ils Ogcrnsls slg hnglrns qun ils Ncrnsls, ngtlgens ni Trlynetl gl ns melgsnbmjin.

J/E 8 =; Ohpioem qun ils Ogcrnsls slg ocumins m ils Ncrnsls, ngtlgens ni Trlynetl ns Ogfoanrngtn. Im Znimeoõg Jngnaoeol Elstl sn emieuim hnfomgtn im socuongtn neumeoõg2 / 8

    +  

 Mi emieuimr im rnimeoõg jngnaoeol elstl sn ljtuvl2 10,?1:,>13.13   8 :.>=   8  =,06?,11=.31 + :>1>3654

Ngtlgens ni rnsuitmfl ljtngofl ng im rnimeoõg jngnaoeol-elstl ns hmylr qun ugl, il qun ohpioem qun ils ogcrnsls slg hmylrns qun ils ncrnsls plr il tmgtl ni prlynetl ns melgsnbmjin.

 

1=  

6.>.6 Nstmfl fn Znsuitmfl. Nsengmrol = Vmjim 6.:? Vmjim fn Nstmfl fn Znsuitmfl Ètnh  Mýl Ogcrnsls Elstls fn Trlfueeoõg ^VOIOFMF HMZCOGMI Elstls Mfhogostrmtovls Elstls fn Qngtms Tmcl fn Ogtnrïs = Tmcl fn Ogtnrïs : (Emp.

4 (+) (-) (8) (-) (-) (-)

= =5,5:3,365.=? :,5=3,010.50 ==,44?,036.0= =65,444.44 >5,:=>.:4 =>>,53=.>?

: =5,53=,:5>.66 :,5:>,65:.:> ==,46>,045.=? =65,444.44 >5,:=>.:4 =5=,011.6:

5 =5,161,>3=.?> :,535,5=1.01 ==,:35,:>>.4? =65,444.44 >5,:=>.:4 =4>,434.>6

6 =5,061,::5.55 :,640,450.06 ==,650,=06.6? =65,444.44 >5,:=>.:4 36,>:5.::

> =6,334,3?5.30 :,>10,055.34 =:,:4=,?14.40 =65,444.44 >5,:=>.:4 5?,1??.:?

Vrmjmbl)

(-)

>5,445.60

66,?06.?5

Fnprneomeoõg Ohpunstl Hugoeopmi (:%) ^VOIOFMF JZ^VM Ohpunstl sljrn im Zngtm (54%) ^VOIOFMF GNVM Fnprneomeoõg Tmcl m Trogeopmi = Tmcl m Trogeopmi : Ogvnrsoõg Aobm y Foanrofm Empotmi fn Vrmjmbl Trïstmhl = (Ogvnrsoõg) Trïstmhl : (Empotmi fn Vrmjmbl) AI^BL GNVL FN NANEVOQL

(-) (-)

511,>0?.=0 ::4,=?3.>4

554,40?.40 ::4,?=1.41

554,40?.40 ::>,61>.=4

554,40?.40 ::0,315.1?

554,40?.40 :66,45?.:4

(8)

=4,4=0,6?3.01

=4,=:=,35=.6?

=4,6=1,6=>.=3

=4,140,>?5.54

==,5?=,?=3.54

(-)

5,44>,>6?.51

5,451,>=?.6>

5,=:6,?:6.>>

5,=0:,>33.??

5,6=3,>3>.=?

(8) (+) (-) (-) (-) =,06?,11=.31 (-) 530,>?1.54 (+) =,=4?,3?3.41

3,4=:,?60.>4 511,>0?.=0 =13,0?6.45 >3,:3>.50

3,40>,:=:.46 554,40?.40 =?=,5??.:4 1>,:?5.?6

3,:?=,6?4.1: 554,40?.40 :=0,=?>.40

3,6:1,4=>.5= 554,40?.40 :60,36:.64

3?3,656:.== 554,40?.40 :05,>11.55

1,6=6,>45.>1

3,=>0,143.??

3,645,506.1=

3,>43,51=.??

0,4:4,016.01

6

>

(+)

530,>?1.54 (8) =,=4?,3?3.41

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg Trlpom  

1:  

Nsengmrol : Vmjim 6.54 Vmjim fn Nstmfl fn Znsuitmfl Otnh  Mýl Ogcrnsls Elstls fn Trlfueeoõg

4

=

:

5

(+) (-)

=5,5:3,365.=? :,5=3,010.50

=5,53=,:5>.66 :,5:>,65:.:>

=5,161,>3=.?> :,535,5=1.01

=5,061,::5.55 :,640,450.06

=6,334,3?5.30 :,>10,055.34

^VOIOFMF HMZCOGMI Elstls Mfhogostrmtovls Elstls fn Qngtms Tmcl fn Ogtnrïs = Tmcl fn Ogtnrïs : (Emp. Vrmjmbl) Fnprneomeoõg Ohpunstl Hugoeopmi (:%) ^VOIOFMF JZ^VM Ohpunstl sljrn im Zngtm (54%) ^VOIOFMF GNVM Fnprneomeoõg Tmcl m Trogeopmi =

(8) (-) (-) (-)

==,44?,036.0= =65,444.44 >5,:=>.:4 =0=,:11.0>

==,46>,045.=? =65,444.44 >5,:=>.:4 =>5,066.=1

==,:35,:>>.4? =65,444.44 >5,:=>.:4 =::,>0:.:?

==,650,=06.6? =65,444.44 >5,:=>.:4 01,?65.31

=:,:4=,?14.40 =65,444.44 >5,:=>.:4 61,5=>.05

(-)

>5,445.60

66,?06.?5

(-)

511,>0?.=0 ::4,=?3.>4

554,40?.40 ::4,?=1.41

554,40?.40 ::>,61>.=4

554,40?.40 ::0,315.1?

554,40?.40 :66,45?.:4

=4,4??,3>5.31 =4,5?0,?45.6=

=4,>?1,=3:.31

==,50>,544.31

Tmcl m Trogeopmi : Ogvnrsoõg Aobm y Foanrofm Empotmi fn Vrmjmbl Trïstmhl = (Ogvnrsoõg) Trïstmhl : (Empotmi fn Vrmjmbl) AI^BL GNVL FN NANEVOQL

(-) (-) (-) (+)

(-) (8)

?,??:,14:.>?

(-)

:,??3,304.30

5,4:?,?:1.=5

5,==?,13=.4:

5,=30,0>=.05

5,6=>,>?4.:5

(8) (+) (-)

1,??6,0:=.0: 511,>0?.=0 =?>,031.50

3,41?,0:3.15 554,40?.40 ::5,:??.43

3,:3?,:5:.5? 554,40?.40 :>6,>14.?6

3,6=3,5:4.?5 554,40?.40 :?4,=??.63

3,?1?,3=4.>5 554,40?.40 554,0:3.64

>3,:3>.50

1>,:?5.?6

1,>>5,514.34

3,===,5:5.34

3,5>6,314.>5

3,6>3,:=4.>6

3,?10,?3:.:=

(+)

(8)

=,06?,11=.31 530,>?1.54 =,:?6,315.:5 530,>?1.54

-=,:?6,315.:5

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg Trlpom

 

15  

Nsengmrol 5

Vmjim 6.5= Vmjim fn Nstmfl fn Znsuitmfl Otnh  Mýl Ogcrnsls Elstls fn Trlfueeoõg ^VOIOFMF HMZCOGMI Elstls Mfhogostrmtovls Elstls fn Qngtms Tmcl fn Ogtnrïs = Tmcl fn Ogtnrïs : (Emp. Vrmjmbl) Fnprneomeoõg Ohpunstl Hugoeopmi (:%) ^VOIOFMF JZ^VM Ohpunstl sljrn im Zngtm (54%) ^VOIOFMF GNVM Fnprneomeoõg Tmcl m Trogeopmi = Tmcl m Trogeopmi : Ogvnrsoõg Aobm y Foanrofm Empotmi fn Vrmjmbl Trïstmhl = (Ogvnrsoõg) Trïstmhl : (Empotmi fn Vrmjmbl) AI^BL GNVL FN NANEVOQL

4

=

:

5

6

(+) (-) (8) (-) (-) (-)

=5,5:3,365.=? :,5=3,010.50 ==,44?,036.0= =65,444.44 >5,:=>.:4 :43,=1:.=:

=5,53=,:5>.66 :,5:>,65:.:> ==,46>,045.=? =65,444.44 >5,:=>.:4 =3>,0:=.?4

(-)

>5,445.60

66,?06.?5

(-) (-)

511,>0?.=0 ::4,=?3.>4

554,40?.40 ::4,?=1.41

(8)

?,?11,343.55

=4,433,331.4:

(-)

:,??4,4=:.:4

5,4:5,55:.0=

5,==6,6=3.>4

5,=3>,=:>.13

5,6=5,14>.:1

(8) (+) (-) (-) (-) (-) (+)

1,?31,1?>.=5 511,>0?.=0 ::5,0>0.3= >3,:3>.50

34>6,665.:= 34>6,6 65.:= 554,40?.40 :>>,=?0.?5 1>,:?5.?6

3,:11,?36.=1 554,40?.40 :?4,?:1.30

3,640,1:1.>1 554,40?.40 55=,1>1.>5

3,?1>,430.?> 554,40?.40 530,400.6>

1,1?:,:=3.01

3,416,45?.6:

3,541,=51.61

3,643,4>?.=4

3,?=3,43?.>0

(+)

(8)

=5,161,>3=.?> =5,061,::5.55 :,535,5=1.01 :,640,450.06 ==,:35,:>>.4? ==,650,=06.6? =65,444.44 =65,444.44 >5,:=>.:4 >5,:=>.:4 =64,4?6.4> ??,516.54

>

554,40?.40 ::>,61>.=4

=6,334,3?5.30 :,>10,055.34 =:,:4=,?14.40 =65,444.44 >5,:=>.:4 >:,?5:.50

554,40?.40 ::0,315.1?

554,40?.40 :66,45?.:4

=4,50=,5?=.11 =4,>05,3>:.::

==,530,106.:=

=,06?,11=.31 530,>?1.54 =63?,3:?.6= 530,>?1.54

-=,63?,3:?.6=

Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg Trlpom

 

16  

6.>.> Qmilr Trnsngtn Gntl QTG. Un fnaogn elhl ni vmilr hlgntmrol qun rnsuitm fn rnstmr im suhm fn aiubls fn elgtmfls fn im Ogvnrsoõg Ogoeomi. Nstn hïtlfl elgsostn ng fntnrhogmr im nquovmingeom ng mýl fn ils aiubls nanetovl auturl qun cngnrm ni prlynetl y elhpmrmr nstm nquovmingeom elg ni fnsnhjlisl ogoeomi.

     8 √ + ∝  =+ Flgfn2 T2 ogvnrsoõg ogoeomi  Mt2 aiubl fn nanetovl ng ni mýl t o2 VZNHM t2 Tnrolfl Elg nstn hïtlfl sn fnaogn im menptmeoõg fn ug prlynetl fn meunrfl elg ils socuongtns erotnrols fn nvmiumeoõg2

  Uo ni QTG 7 4. Un menptm ni prlynetl.   Uo ni QTG 9 4. Un rne`mzm ni prlynetl.   Uo ni QTG 8 4. Ni prlynetl ns ogfoanrngtn y im fneosoõg fnpngfn fni ogvnrsolgostm.



 

Ns ohplrtmgtn tngnr ng eungtm qun ni QTG fnpngfn fn ims socuongtns vmromjins2 Im ogvnrsoõg ogoeomi prnvom, ims ogvnrsolgns furmgtn im lpnrmeoõg, lpnrme oõg, ils aiubls gntls fn nanetovls y im tmsm fn fnseungtls fnse ungtls y ni gòhnrl fn pnrolfls qun furm ni prlynetl. Emieuil fni QTG pmrm ils fostogtls nsengmrols2  

NUENGMZOL =

 8 √, . .  +

√, . √, .   , , ,   , , ,   , , ,   , , ,   , , ,     +  +  +  +  +         + .  +.  + .   + .  +  .   + . 

   8 ,  , ,    

 

1>  

NUENGMZOL :

   8 √, √, , ,   +

√, , √, ,   , , ,   , , ,   , , ,   , , ,   , , ,     +   +   +   +   +    + .    +  .   +  .   + .    +  .   + . 

   8 ,  , ,    

NUENGMZOL 5

 8 √, √, ,  +

,   , , ,   ,   , , , , , ,   , , √, , √, ,  , ,     +   +   +   +   +  + .   +  .   +  .   +  .   +  .   + . 

   8 ,  , ,    

6.>.1 Vmsm Ogtnrgm fn Zntlrgl VOZ. Im VOZ ns ug Ogfoemflr fn rngtmjoiofmf fn ug prlynetl, m hmylr VOZ, hmylr rngtmjoiofmf plr tmgtl sn `mrí usl fn im augeoõg fn Hoerlslat Nxeni pmrm emieuimrim pmrm ils fovnrsls nsengmrols.

Vmjim 6.5: Vmsm Ogtnrgm fn Zntlrgl Nsengmrol VOZ Nsengmrol = >00% Nsengmrol : >=6% Nsengmrol 5 6>3% Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg Trlpom

 

11  

6.>.3 Tnrèlfl fn Zneupnrmeoõg. Ni pnrèlfl fn Zneupnrmeoõg fn im Ogvnrsoõg sn fnaogn elhl ni tonhpl gnensmrol pmrm qun ni prlynetl mhlrtoen plr sè hoshl ni empotmi ogvnrtofl. Ns fneor, ns ni n i pnrèlfl qun sn rnquonrn pm pmrm rm qun ils ogcrnsls gntls fn ugm ogvnrsoõg snmg ocumins mi elstl fn im ogvnrsoõg. Un emieuim hnfomgtn im socuongtn neumeoõg2

    8∝ (= + ) Flgfn2 T2 Ogvnrsoõg  Mt2 Aiubl GntlOgoeomi fn emfm mýl o2 Vmsm fn Ogtnrïs t2 Tnrèlfl K2 Mýl ng qun sn pongsm rneupnrmr im Ogvnrsoõg.

Vmjim 6.55 Tnrèlfl fn Zneupnrmeoõg Tnrolfl fn

Nsengmrols NUENGMZOL = NUENGMZOL: NUENGMZOL 5

Zneupnrmeoõg mýls 5,6>>,466.36 : mýl fn im ogvnrsoõg 5,640,?5>.3= : mýl fn im ogvnrsoõg 5,51:,0:1.1? : mýl fn im ogvnrsoõg Aungtn2 Nimjlrmeoõg Trlpom

6.>.0 Mgíiosos fn Ungsojoiofmf. Ns ni prlenfohongtl plr hnfol fni eumi sn punfn fntnrhogmr eumg sngsojin ns im VOZ mgtn emhjols fntnrhogmfms vmromjins fni prlynetl. Gl ns rnelhngfmjin `menr emhjols l hlfoaoemr ils prneols fn im Hmtnrom Trohm y vnr sus nanetls sljrn im VOZ go mitnrmr ils elstls fn prlfueeoõg, mfhogostrmeoõg l vngtms fn alrhm mosimfm pmrm ljsnrvmr nsn emhjol.

Ni socuongtn Mgíiosos fn Ungsojoiofmf tlhm ng eungtm ims vmromjins fn hmylr ohplrtmgeom elhl slg im Ogvnrsoõg, elstls fn vngtms, Ogcrnsls, elstls fn lpnrmeoõg, Mfhogostrmtovls y fnprneomeoõg.

 

13  

 

10  

Vmjim 6.55 Mgíiosos fn Ungsojoiofmf =>% Tnrolfl Ogvnrsoõg

=?%

Qngtm/ugofmf Ogcrnsl

=?% Elstls Lpnrmeoõg

54% Elstls Mfh.

Fnprneomeoõg Jmsn

Ohpunstl

AGN

4

=,06?,11=.31

=

-

3,?0:.:0 =5,5:3,365.:

:,5=3,010.50 =65,444.44

511,>0?.=0 =1,=>>,:44.3> 6,061,>14.:5 1,6=6,>45.>1

:

-

?,=3?.1: =5,53=,:5>.6

:,5:>,65:.:> =65,444.44

554,40?.40 =1,=1?,3>1.33 6,0>4,?:3.45 3,=>0,143.??

5

-

=4,>>1.>3 =5,161,>3:.4

:,535,5=1.01 =65,444.44

554,40?.40 =1,6?:,?33.0? 6,?63,0?5.53 3,645,506.1=

6

-

=:,=64.4> =5,061,::5.5

:,640,450.06 =65,444.44

554,40?.40 =1,3:3,5>=.:> >,4=0,:4>.50 3,>43,51=.??

>

-

=5,?1=.41 =6,334,3?5.0

:,>10,055.34 =65,444.44

554,40?.40 =3,0=:,3=1.>1 >,565,0=6.?3 0,4:4,016.01

O

=6%

VOZ

>00%

QTG

==,511,:63%

-=06?11=.31

 

1?  

@meongfl usl fn im augeoõg ’Mgíiosos y so‘ `nrrmhongtm ameoiotmfm plr Hoerlslat Nxeni, flgfn sn

nstmjineoõ ogernhngtls mgumins m ims vmromjins sngsojins pmrm ljsnrvmr ni elhplrtmhongtl fn im VOZ mi `menr emhjols ng ni vmilr fn fmtls, `meongfl 4 ni vmilr fni QTG y ils rnsuitmfls aunrlg ils socuongtns.

Uo sn `men ni QTG 84 ng im jòsqunfm fn ils vmilrns m otnrmr pmrm im vmromjin sngsojin fn Qngtms y Elstls fn prlfueeoõg, ni rnsuitmfl qun gls jrogfm im augeoõg ns qun punfn gl `mjnr ngelgtrmfl ugm sliueoõg, il qun gls iinvm m im elgeiusoõg fn qun gl `my gogcòg emhjol ng ils vmilrns fn ims eliuhgms msè elhl ni plrengtmbn fn erneohongtl mgumi pmrm emfm vmromjin gl mitnrm ni vmilr fn im VOZ elg rnspnetl mi pnrolfl fn > mýls.

Fnjofl m qun ni QTG y im VOZ slg ninvmfms pmrm ils Nsengmrols : y 5, sn rnmiozõ ug Mgíiosos fn Ungsojoiofmf pmrm emfm nsengmrol flgfn gls jrogfm rnsuitmfls sohoimrns m ni Nsengmrol =, fmgfl elhl rnsuitmfls gogcugm hlfoaoemeoõg ng ils vmilrns fn im VOZ y ng ils vmilrns pmrm ils > mýls pnrtngneongtns m ims vmromjins sngsojins qun aunrlg nstohmfms pmrm ni nstufol.

 

34  

ELGEI^UOLGNU Un fntnrhogõ hnfomgtn ngeunstm qun ni 35% fn ims pnrslgms ngeunstmfms elgsuhèmg ylcurt y qun ni :3% fn ims pnrslgms ngeunstmfms nstmrèm fospunstl m elgsuhor _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn sunrl fn ine`n. Un emieuiõ im Fnhmgfm Tltngeomi Ogsmtosane`m fni hnremfl fn im Eoufmf fn Hmgmcum ng jmsn m im Fnhmgfm y Lanrtm fn _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn sunrl fn ine`n plr hnfol fn ug mgíiosos fn Ngeunstm. Un fntnrhogõ qun im FTO pmrm ni prohnr mýl aun fn >63,??4.50tlg, plr il qun sn fneofoõ trmjmbmr elg ug vliuhng fn prlfueeoõg qun nquovmionrm mi =4% fn im FTO mgumi. Ils fohngsolgmhongtl fn ils nquopls tnegliõcoels gl sn rnmiozmrlg fnjofl m qun ils nquopls gnensmrols pmrm ni prlensl fn nimjlrmeoõg fn _lcurt Fontïtoel fn jmgmgl m pmrtor fn sunrl fn ine`n sn ljtuvonrlg m pmrtor fn ils nquopls ym nstmgfmrozmfls ng im ogfustrom fn im nimjlrmeoõg fn sunrl. Im pimgtm sn ogstmimrí ng ni koilhntrl =4 Emrrntnrm Hmgmcum-Hmsmym, nstm fneosoõg sn tlhõ rnmiozmgfl ni mgíiosos fn Hoerlilemiozmeoõg tlhmgfl ng eungtm ils socuongtns pmríhntrls2 fosplgojoiofmf y enremgèm fn im Hmtnrom Trohm n Ogsuhls, fosplgojoiofmf fn ils Uuhogostrls Jísoels2 Ngnrcèm Niïetroem y Mcum, Enremgèm fni Hnremfl Hntm, fosplgojoiofmf fn Hmgl fn Ljrm Emioaoemfm. Un fntnrhogl qun im rngtmjoiofmf fni prlynetl fn ugm Timgtm fn _lcurt Fontïtoel fn Jmgmgl m pmrtor fn Uunrl fn Ine`n ns rngtmjin fnjofl m qun pmrm ils trns nsengmrols, ils vmilrns fn ils QTG slg hue`l huy hmylrns fn 4, plr tmgtl sn niocn ni Nsengmrol = pmrm im ogvnrsoõg y punstm ng hmre`m fn im Timgtm. Im VOZ smtosamen ni plrengtmbn fn ogtnrïs y im rngtmjoiofmf pmrm ils trns nsengmrols plr ngeohm fni =44%.

 

3=  

ZNELHNGFMEOLGNU

 

Ns rnelhngfmjin qun sn foshoguymg ils Elstls fn Trlfueeoõg pmrm muhngtmr im rngtmjoiofmf.

 

Foshoguor Elstls fn Vrmgsplrtn, ns rnelhngfmjin qun sn miquoing ils vvn`èeuils n`èeuils qun trmng im Hmtnrom Trohm (sunrl).

 

Un rnelhongfm foshoguor ils Elstls mgumins fn mcum y sustotuor ni prlvnnflr fn Nhpmquns.

 

Un rnelhongfm muhngtmr ni prneol fni prlfuetl tnrhogmfl pmrm cngnrmr hmylrns ogcrnsls.

 

Un rnelhongfm qun ils nstufols fn hnremfl snmg rnmiozmfl sog iohotmeolgns eelhl lhl iims ms fni hnremfl qun slil ns ng Hmgmcum, ni eíieuil fn im Lanrtm y Fnhmgfm, sn rnelhongfm tmhjoïg qun sn eltoeng nquopls ogfustromins elg elstls hís jmbls pmrm foshoguor ils elstls fn prlfueeoõg.

 

3:  

JOJIOLCZMAOM  

(s.a.). Ljtngofl fn `ttp2//www.mcrljot.elh/Ogal\tnegoem/Cmgmfnrom/prlf\ine`nrm/CM44444:pr.`th

 

MJE.ns. (s.a.). Zneupnrmfl ni Letujrn fn :4=6, fn `ttp2//www.mje.ns/amhoiom-vofm-

smgm/:4=541=>/mjeo-jngnaoeols-ylcur-:4=54141=650.`thi   Mcroeuiturmi Znsnmre` Unrvoen ^gotnf Utmtn Fnpmrtmhngt la Mcroeuiturn. (s.a.). Ljtngofl fn ^UFM2 `ttp2//gfj.gmi.usfm.clv/gfj/allfs/s`lw/:33&hmg8&iament8&gnw8=  

Elhpmrtor, E. E. (:5 fn Glvonhjrn fn :4=6). Euitovls Imetoels. Zneupnrmfl ni =5 fn Anjrnrl fn :4=>, fn Euitovls Imetoels2 `ttp2//ns.wokopnfom.lrc/woko/Euitovls\i%E5%M=etoels

 

(:441). nimjlrmeolg fn ylcurt mpmrtor fn sunrl fuien elhjogmfl elg ine`n fnsernhmfm m nsemim fn imjlrmtlrol. hmgmcum.

 

Cmreèm Cmrojmy, H., ] ]uogtnrl uogtnrl Zmhèrnz, Z., & Ilpnz Hugcuèm-Emgmins, M. (=?01). Joltneglilcom Miohngtmrom. Hïxoel2 Iohusm.

 

Cngmrl, Z. @., & Zlfrècunz @urtmfl, E. (=??=). Nimjlrmeolg fn ug prlfuetl topl ylcurt m pmrtor fn sunrl fn ine`n. ^govnrsofmf Mutõglhm Hntrlpliotmgm (^MH), Oztmpmimpm, Hïxoel.

 

Crupl fni Jmgel Hugfomi. (:4=6). Fmtls fni Jmgel Hugfomi. Zneupnrmfl ni =3 fn Let Letujrn ujrn fn :4=6, fn Uotol wnj fni Jmgel Hugfomi2 `ttp2//fmtls.jmgelhugfomi.lrc/pmos/goemrmcum

 

Iniyng, Z. (:= fn =4 fn :4=6). Hubnr Ltrm H Hnfoeogm. nfoeogm. Zneupnrmfl ni > fn Ngnrl fn :4=>, fn Eogel usls fni ylcurt ng rnhnfols gmturmins2 `ttp2//ltrmhnfoeogm.ohubnr.elh/64>:/>-usls-fniylcurt-ng-rnhnfols-gmturmins

 

HMGGOUN, Z. (:5 fn Mclstl fn :4=:). Nelelsms (foaugfongfl elgleohongtls neliõcoels). Zneupnrmfl ni =5 fn Anjrnrl fn :4=>, fn Nelelsms (foaugfongfl elgleohongtls neliõcoels)2 `ttp2//nelelsms.elh/smiuf-gmturmi/elgsnrvmgtns-elilrmgtns-mfotovls-nfuielrmgtns/

 

Hormgfm, L., Al Algsnem, gsnem, T. I., & Tlgen, OO.. (:443). NIMJLZMEOÕG F FN N ^GM JNJ JNJOFM OFM ANZHNGVMFM M TMZVOZ FNI U^NZL . Im @mjmgm.

 

Hlboem Hmrtègnz, @. B., & @nrgígfnz @nrgígfnz, H H.. H. (:441). Nimjlrmeolg fn ylcurt m pmrtor fn sunrl fuien fn ine`n m nsemim fn imjlrmtolrol. Hmgmcum2 ^GO.

 

Zlfrècunz Emifnrõg, Í. (=5 fn bugol fn :4==). jFocotmi. Zneupnrmfl ni =? fn ngnrl fn :4=>, fn jFocotmi2 `ttp2//www.jfocotmi.ugmi.nfu.el/=44=/

 

Unqunorm, E. (:: fn buiol fn :4=5). siofns`mrn. Zneupnrmfl ni =5 fn anjrnrl fn :4=>, fn siofns`mrn2 `ttp2//ns.siofns`mrn.gnt/snqunrmeimufom/ine`n-ng-plivl-y-ylcurt

 

^govnrsofmf Gmeolgmi Mcrmrom Im Hlio Hliogm. gm. (s.a.). Zneupnrmfl ni Let Letujrn ujrn fn :4=6, fn `ttp2//www.imhliogm.nfu.pn/eprlfueeolg/ppi/prlf\ylcurt.`th

 

35  

 

^rjogm, C. J. (:4=4). Nvmiumeolg fn Trlynetls. Hïxoel, F.A.2 He Crmw @oii.

 

Qomhnroem. (s.a.). Qomgoem.elh. Zneupnrmfl ni > fn Ngnrl fn :4=>, fn `ttps2//vomgoem.elh/sp/cl/spneomis/=6-arutms-fn-goemrmcum.`thi

 

wokopnfom. (s.a.). Zneupnrmfl ni =5 fn letujrn fn :4=6, fn wokopwfom2 www.wokopnfom.elh//ylcurt

 

Sokopnfom. (s.a.). Ljtngofl fn `ttp2//ns.wokopnfom.lrc/woko/Uustotutls\fni\mz%E5%JMemr

 

Sokopnfom Im Ngeoeilpnfom Iojrn. (:: fn Hmrzl fn :4=6). Sokopnfom Im Ngeoeilpnfom Iojrn. Zneupnrmfl ni > fn Ngnrl fn :4=>, fn `ttp2//ns.wokopnfom.lrc/woko/Ine`n\mcrom

 

Sokopnfom. (6 fn Unptonhjrn fn :4=6). Sokopnfom. Zneupnrmfl ni > fn Ngnrl fn :4=>, fn `ttp2//ns.wokopnfom.lrc/woko/Uunrl\fn\ine`n

 

Sokopnfom. (5 fn Foeonhjrn fn :4=6). Sokopnfom. Zneupnrmfl ni > fn Ngnrl fn :4=>, fn `ttp2//ns.wokopnfom.lrc/woko/Ciutmhmtl\hlgls%E5%J5foel

 

36  

MGNPLU FNI NUV^FOL FN HNZEMFL

 

3>  

MGNPL Gl. = NUV^FOL FN HNZEMFL

Fosnýl fni Trlfuetl. =. :. 5. 6.

_lcurt m pmrtor fn sunrl fn ine`n. @mrogm fn piítmgl. Òtoins nselimrns m pmrtor fn hmtnromins rneoeimfls. Turï fn pmpm ng plivl.

Hmerlaoitrl fn Ofnms Trlfuetl ¼Nxostn y/l snrvoeol micugm gnensofmf qun smtosamenr ng tu ilemiofmf<

_lcurt m pmrtor fn sunrl fn ine`n @mrogm fn piítmgl Òtoins nselimrns m pmrtor fn hmtnromins rneoeimfls Turï fn pmpm ng plivl

¼Nxostn ¼@my ugm ug fnhmgfm hnremfl ogsmtosane`m< pmrm nstn prlfuetl l snrvoeol<

¼]uonrng rnmiozmr nstn prlynetl<

¼Ns plsojin prlfueor ni prlfuetl l sn eungtm elg ils rnqunrohongtls gnensmrols pmrm fmr ni snrvoeol ng su

¼Nstn Vltmi prlynetl pnrhotn tngnr cmgmgeom<

UO

UO

GL

UO

fostrotl, prlvofngeom l rncoõg< UO

GL

UO

GL

GL

GL

GL

:

UO

UO

GL

UO

UO

UO

1

UO

UO

GL

UO

UO

GL

>

UO

1

 

31  

Hoerlaoitrl fn Ofnms Trlynetl, prlfuetl l snrvoeol _lcurt m pmrtor fn sunrl fn ine`n

Òtoins nselimrns

Fosplgojoiofmf Fosplgojoiofmf Fosplgojoiofmf Mgíiosos fn Ametlrns Fnhmgfm fn Vltmi fn pnrslgmi fn hmtnrom Vltmi im erètoels fni slivngtn tneglilcèms elrrncofl emioaoemfl prohm Elhpntngeom ïxotl nquopls Ogcrnsls, snrvoeols mi 6 > 6 > =0 6 =6 eiongtn, Emiofmf n ogglvmeoõg 6

5

:

>

=6

>

?

Elhugoemeoõg, ainxojoiofmf, ogvnstocmeoõg y fnsmrrliil

 _lcurt =. Un in msocgõ ug pugtmbn fn eumtrl ym qun sn eungtm elg ugm fnhmgfm fn slivngtn ug plel mitm. :. M nstn sn in msocgõ > ym qun ng gunstrl pmès sn eungtm elg ugm crmg vmronfmf fn pnrslgmi emioaoemfl qun punfm prlfueor nstn prlfuetl y/l snrvoeol. 5. Un in msocgõ ug pugtmbn fn 6 ym qun im fosplgojoiofmf fn tneglilcèms tneglilcèms y nquopls ns jmstmgtn mitm elg il qun rnspnetm ni prlfuetl. 6. Im fosplgojoiofmf fn hmtnrom pro prohm hm ns huy mitm y plr nstm rmzõg fn in msocgl ug pugtmbn fn > ym qun sn eungtm elg suaoeongtn hmtnrom prohm pmrm tlfl ni mýl. >. Uuhmgfl tlfls nstls vmilrns vmilrns gls fm ug tltmi fn =0. 1. Ng gunstrl pmès nxostn ugm vmronfmf fn ylcurt ils eumins sn in msocgõ ug pugtmbn fn 6 elhl elhpntngeom il qun gls ogfoem qun ns ug plel mitm. 3. Uo mi tltmi ljtngofl mgtnrolrhngtn sn in rnstm ni pugtmbn fn im elhpntngeom fmrí ug ttltmi ltmi elrrncofl fn =6 pugtls.

Òtoins nselimrns m pmrtor fn hmtnromins rneoeimfls. =. Elg il qun rnspnetm m iils ls òtoins nselimrns sn in msocgm 6 ng fnhmgfm fn sliv slivngtn ngtn ym qun foe`m fnhmgfm ns jmstmgtn mitm. :. M nstn pugtl fn sn msocgm ug pugtmbn fn 5 ym qun gl sn eungtm elg u ug g pnrslgmi mitmhngtn emioaoemfl. 5. M nstn pugtl sn in fm ug pugtmbn fn : il qun socgoaoem qun gl sn eungtm elg tneglilcèm y nquopls mptls pmrm rnmiozmr nstn prlynetl.

6. M fosplgojoiofmf fn hmtnrom prohm ns huy mitm y ns plr nstl qun sn in msocgm ug pugtmbn sn > ym ym qun n eungtm elg ugm suaoeongtn hmtnrom prohm ng ni mýl. >. Ni tltmi fn im suhmtlrom fn tlfls nstls vmilrns fm ug pugtmbn fn =6.  

33  

1. Elhl sn tongn ugm elhpntngeom huy crmgfn sn in msocgõ ug pugtmbn fn >. 3. Znstmgfl fn im suhmtlrom ni pugtmbn fn im elhpntngeom ssn n ljtongn ug tltmi elrrncofl fn ? il q qun un ohpioem qun nstn prlynetl gl sn punfn rnmiozmr fnjofl m qun gl euhpin hue`ls rnqunrohongtls y qun cngnrmrèm snrèmg hís elstls ng im prlfueeoõg.

Ametlrns erètoels fn ïxotl =. Ogcrnsls2 ug ametlr erè erètoel toel fn ïxot ïxotl l ns muhngtmr ils ogcrnsls fn ils gunvls prlfuetls ng ug =4% :. Unrvoeol mi eiongtn2 trmjmbm pmrm foshoguor ims qunbms fn ils eio eiongtns ngtns m trmvïs fn hnblrms ng ils prlensls plrqun ug gncleol sog eiongtns gl punfn sljrnvovor. 5. Emiofmf n ogglvmeoõg2 ernm prlfuetls fn emiofmf pmrm msncurmr qun ni eiongtn ljtngcm ni prlfuetl nspnrmfl, im nhprnsm fnjn snr empmz fn elgvnrtor ugm ofnm ng ug prlfuetl l snrvoeol tmgcojin. 6. Elhugoemeoõg2 im euiturm fnjn snr ugm ng im qun ils nhpinmfls punfmg elhugoemrsn mjonrtmhngtn elg im mfhogostrmeoõg. >. Ainxojoiofmf2 eumiquonr nhprnsm fnjn snr empmz fn mbustmrsn fn meunrfl elg ni ngtlrgl nelgõhoel y rncuimtlrol. 1. Ogvnstocmeoõg y fnsmrrliil2 tlfm nhprnsm fnjn hmgtngnr ug írnm fn ogvnstocmeoõg ogvnstocmeoõg metovm pmrm ngtngfnr ils gunvls fnseujrohongtls ng im ogfustrom, pnrl tmhjoïg fnjng hmgtngnr vovl ni fnsmrrliil iostl pmrm ernmr gunvls prlfuetls y snrvoeols pmrm ils eiongtns.

 

30  

MGNPL Gl. : Mgíiosos ALFM. ALZVMINRMU   Tnrslgmi empmeotmfl.   Mjmstneohongtl fn Hmtnrom Trohm tlfl ni mýl.

 

  ^joemeoõg fn im pimgtm.   Cngnrmflrm fn nhpinls.   Elgtrojueoõg mi fnsmrrliil nelgõhoel gmeolgmi.   Jungm lrcmgozmeoõg fn im nhprnsm   Elgleohongtl sljrn im nimjlrmeoõg fn ylcurt fontïtoel.









FNJOIOFMFNU   Elstls fn hmquogmroms nspneomiozmfms.   Elstls ngnrcïtoels.





  Muhngtl fni prneol fn im hmtnrom prohm.   Foshogueoõg fn im hmtnrom prohm sncòg ni pnrolfl ng ni qun sn prlfuzem.







AL2 ni pnrslgmi empmeotmfl ils Elg elgleohongtls sljrn imy nimjlrmeoõg fn ylcurt fontïtoel, sn punfn trmjmbmr ng prlfueor ug prlfuetl fn emiofmf qun sustngtn ims gnensofmfns fn ils elgsuhoflrns.

FL2 Foshoguor yils elstls fn prlfueeoõg ngnrcïtoel fnsmrrliimgfl hïtlfls tnegliõcoels qun rnfuzemg ils elstls y ng tonhpls flgfn im hmtnrom prohm snm nsemsm im emgtofmf y emiofmf fni prlfuetl sn hmgtngcm.

AM2 Elg ni jung pnrslgmi empmeotmfl y im fostrojueoõg fn   Elgsuhoflrns elg gunstrl prlfuetl plfnhls fnselgaomgzm mi snr elgtrmrrnstmr im fnhmgfm fn ils ug prlfuetl gunvl. elgsuhoflrns fn ylcurt fontïtoel.   Elhpntngeom elg hmrems l nhprnsms qun prlfueng _lcurt fontïtoel ym nstmjineofms.

FM2 Tmrm hnblrmr ims fnjoiofmfns fnjnhls2

LTLZV^GOFMFNU   Fnsmrrliil Vnegliõcoel.   Nxostngeom fn fnhmgfms fn hnremfl elg tngfngeom mi elgsuhl fn ylcurt fontïtoel.   Fnhmgfm ogsmtosane`m fn _lcurt fontïtoel. 





 MHNGMRMU 

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Fmr hnblrns ogengtovls mi pnrslgmi fn im pimgtm, hmgtngnr hltovmfl mi trmjmbmflr fmgfl m elglenr qun su trmjmbl ns ohplrtmgtn pmrm im nhprnsm, fmgfl elhl rnsuitmfl hmylr rngfohongtl ng im prlfueeoõg y hnblrmgfl im emiofmf fni prlfuetl.

  Elgtmhogmeoõg mhjongtmi.   Ognstmjoiofmf pliètoem y sleomi.



Un prlfueorèm ug prlfuetl elhpntngtn ng ni hnremfl.



 

3?  

MGNPL Gl. 5 EMIE^IL FN IM H^NUVZM TMZM NGE^NUVM Engsl fni :44> 8 ?53,60? `mjotmgtns ng im eoufmf fn Hmgmcum. Elgleongfl im pljimeoõg fni :44> sn emieuim im pljimeoõg fni :4=6 elg im neumeoõg õ  õ :4= :4=6 6 8  õ õ :44 :44>(= >(= + )  

Flgfn2 t8 tmsm fn erneohongtl pljimeolgmi elrrnsplgfongtn mi mýl :4=6 g8 gòhnrl fn mýls trmgseurrofls fnsfn ni :44> `mstm ni :4=6 õ :4=6 8 ?50,60? ℇ (= + 4 4.4 .4:> :>)   õ :4=6 8 =,=34,3?> `mjotmgtns 

@meongfl usl fni fmtl mgtnrolr sn emieuim im hunstrm m pmrtor fn im alrhuim nstmfèstoem pmrm pljimeoõg elgleofm  ∓  ∓  ∓    8   ∓ ( √ =) +  ∓  ∓ 

G8 Tljimeoõg fn Hmgmcum ng ni :4=6 R8 =.?1 pmrm ug govni fn elgaomgzm fn (?>%) T8 prlplreoõg nspnrmfm (p84.>) (>4%) q8 4.> (=-p) n8 prneosoõg (0%) hmrcng fn nrrlr 8

==343?> ∓ =.?1 ∓4.>∓4.> 



 

4.40 ∓ (  (==343?> ==343?> √ = =)) + =.?1 ∓ 4.> 4.> ∓ 4. 4.> >

g8 =>4 tltmi fn pnrslgms m ngeunstmr.

 

04  

MGNPL Gl. 6 Ngeunstm. Jungls fèms/tmrfns, slhls nstufomgtns fn quogtl mýl fn ogcngonrèm quèhoem fn im ^govnrsofmf Gmeolgmi fn Ogcngonrèm (^GO). Nstmhls rnmiozmgfl ug nstufol pmrm hnfor im fnhmgfm fn _lcurt ng im pljimeoõg fn im Eoufmf fn Hmgmcum. Tmrm nstl gnensotmhls qun iingn ugm pnquným ngeunstm. In mcrmfnenhls ni jrogfmrgls su tonhpl y plr rnsplgfnr ims socuongtns prncugtms2 =. ¼Elgsuhn ^stnf _lcurt< Uo \\\\ (Tmsn m im prncugtm Gl 5)

Gl\\\\\ (Tmsn m im socuongtn prncugtm)

:. ¼Euíi ns im emusm plr im qun gl elgsuhn _ _lcurt< lcurt< (Tunfn snineeolgmr hís fn ugm lpeoõg)(Tmsn m im prncugtm =4) Gl in custm\\\\\

Vongn ronscl pmrm su smiuf\\\\\

Ns huy emrl \\\\\

Gl elglen ni prlfuetl\\\\ 5. ¼Tlr quï elgsuhn _lcurt< (Tunfn snineeolgmr snineeolgmr hís fn ugm lpeoõg) Umiuf\\\\\\

Elstuhjrn\\\\\ In custm\\\\\\ Ltrm emusm\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

6. ¼Fõgfn elhprm ni _lcurt< (Tunfn hmremr hís fn ugm lpeoõg) Tuipnrèm\\\\\

Hnremfl\\\\\\\

Fostrojuoflrm\\\\\\\ Uupnrhnremfl\\\\\\

Ltrl\\\\\\\\ >. ¼]uï tmhmýl prnaonrn ni ngvmsn fni _lcurt< (Tunfn snineeolgmr hís fn ugm lpeoõg) :44 hi\\\\\

564hi\\\\\\

>44hi\\\\\\ =I\\\\\\

1. ¼]uï topl fn _lcurt elgsuhn rncuimrhngtn A^NGVN FN OGALZHMEOLG UNE^GFMZOM Goemrmcum2 Ohplrtmeolgns EOA fn _lcur :443 m Ngnrl Unpt :4=6 ^gofmfns Aungtn 2 HOAOE, elg ogalrhmeolg fn im F.C.M Qmilrns ng fõimrns vliuhng ng koils :4=6 Ngnrl Unptonhjrn :44? Tmos Lrocng

Qliuhng (Kc)

:4=4 Qmilr (^$)

Qliuhng (Kc)

:4==

Qmilr (^$)

Qliuhng (Kc)

:4=:

Qmilr (^$)

Qliuhng (Kc)

:4=5

Qmilr (^$)

Qliuhng (Kc)

Qmilr (^$)

Ngnrl Unptonhjrn :4=6 Qliuhng (Kc) Qmilr (^$)

ELUVM ZOEM NI UMIQMFLZ NUVMFLU ^GOFLU

6>>,416.44

3?6,>65.3:

1>>,434.3?

=4?=,:10.?6

=416,5?4.:>

=35:,>?5.=>

=:?1,050.51

:=>>,??1.00

=566,134.6 4

:=16,14:.?3

?6=,43=.=0

=6:5,:53.? 1

63,133.0?

?>,0:4.:3

?=,56=.>6

=3=,?=0.>0

==5,>55.>4

=0?,=64.?6

=??,>56.5=

55?,61=.45

:56,11>.:>

64:,415.?=

::5,303.44

533,463.54

>,60:.::

=5,1:0.?=

1,640.14

=>,5=1.?4

?,560.13

:5,150.?3

3,145.>3

::,564.14

==,5=6.36

5>,>61.>4

0,3:=.56

5:,=0:.?:

E@OGM

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5.:4

50.5:

-

-

Ims prlyneeolgns rnmiozmfms pmrm ils fmtls `ostõroels fn im lanrtm (Vmjim :.5) aunrlg rnmiozmfls plr im augeoõg Trlglstoel ameoiotmfm plr Hoerlslat Nxeni flgfn emieuimhls ils > mýls fn im prlyneeoõg fn im prlfueeoõg gmeolgmi fn ylcurt fnsfn ni :44? `mstm ni :4=5, pmrm plfnr emieuimr im lanrtm @ostlroem, sn `ozl usl fn im socuongtn augeoõg2

8TZLGLUVOEL(x, 8TZLGLUVOEL (x, elgleofl\y, elgleofl\x)

Ils fmtls ljtngofls fn im Trlfueeoõg Gmeolgmi aunrlg ljtngofls fn im Vnsos (Hlboem Hmrtègnz & @nrgígfnz @nrgígfnz, :441). píc. =:1 Vmjim J0  

05  

Vmjim J02 prlfueeoõg Gmeolgmi  Mýl :444 :44= :44: :445 :446 Goemrmcum2 Nxplrtmeolgns ALJ fn _lcur :443 m Ngnrl Unpt :4=6 ^gofmfns Aungtn2 HOAOE, elg ogalrhmeoõg fn im F.C.M Qmilrns ng fõimrns

Trlfueeoõg Gmeolgmi =,:16,40:.44 =,5?=,104.44 =,64?,4??.?: =,664,:03.13 =,63=,=>0.?0