Diseño de Dispositivos de Apoyo Fijo y Movil en Puentes.

 

E@G]KT@D DM AILMIAM^Ï@ y @^P]ATMGT]^@

MWG]MK@ Z^HEMWAHI@K @G@DÁOAGH DM AILMIAM^Ï@ GAUAK

AIEH^OM EAI@K DM AIUMWTAL@GAHI EH^O@TAU@ DAWMÐH DM DAWZHWATAUHW DM @ZHQH EABH Q OHUAK MI Z]MITMW

@uthr2 Zmr`kt` Wàigfmz, \akka`o.

Dhgmitm2 AIL. W`l`stmlua Zk`smiga`, Eadmk Lmro`i

Zaomitmk - Zmrò >:>>

  AIDAGM DM GHITMIADH

 

AIT^HD]GGA×I..................................................................................................7 DAWZHWATAUHW DM @ZHQH EABH Q OHUAK MI ]I Z]MITM...........................4 @phyhs dm pumitms (NM@^AILW) @@WFTH ‗ K^ED........................................4 Eumrz` Fhrazhit`k y ohvaoamith.......................................................................4 TAZHW DM @ZHQH...............................................................................................5 KHW @ZHQHW TAZH OMGMDH^@......................................................................< @ZHQHW DM MK@WTHOM^H..............................................................................1 @ZHQHW DM @GM^H........................................................................................05 @ZHQHW DM MK@WT×OM^HW DM @GM^H ^MEH^[email protected]< @ZHQHW DM MK@WT×OM^HW GHIEAI@DHW................................................>7 @ZHQHW DM DAWGH..........................................................................................>4 DAWMÐH DM DAWZHWATAUHW DM @ZHQH.........................................................>4 NANKAHL^@EA@..................................................................................................77

 

AIT^HD]GGA×I Khs `p `phyh hyhs s mk` mk`sth sthoár oáragh aghs s h `ph `phyhs yhs p`r p`r` ` pu pumit mitms ms shi das dasphs phsata atavhs vhs qu qum m sm satò`i mitrm dhs mkmomiths mstrugtur`kms (val`s y pak`rms, h val`s y mstranhs), y qum tamimi ghoh praigap`k `pkag`ga÷i k` tr`isoasa÷i dm g`rl`s dm ui mkmomith `k htrh. htrh.

Mst Msths hs `p `phyh hyhs s p`r p`r` ` pum pumitm itms s `dm `dmoàs oàs s sm m mig mig`rl `rl`i `i dm p pmro mroatar atar h

rmstra rms traila ilarr ohv ohvaoa aoamit miths hs (y` sm` sm`i i rht rht`ga `gahim hims s h dms dmspk` pk`z` z`oam oamith iths) s) mit mitrm rm khs mkmomiths `dy`gmitms y dmnmi tmimr ui` dur`nakad`d `ghrdm `k gagkh dm vad` dm k` mstrugtur` mi k` qum `gtò`i. Khs Kh s `p `phy hyhs hs dm im imhp hprm rmih ih p` p`r` r` pu pumi mitm tms s sm gh ghop ophi himi mi dm ui ui` ` om omzg zgk` k` dm mkmst`omtrh ` n`sm dm imhprmih, y mi `kluihs g`shs, rmehrz`dhs aitmri`omitm ghi kàoai`s dm `gmrh @WTO @-75 (kïoatm dm ekumiga` oïiaoh dm >=:Op`). Mxastmi `dmoàs dm htrhs taphs dm `phyhs dm imhprmih qum prmsmit`i rmeumrzhs mxtm mx tmra rahr hrms ms mi `g `gmr mrh, h, `i `igk gk`b `bms ms h k` aigk aigkus usa÷ a÷i i dm ht htrh rhs s o` o`tm tmra ra`k `kms ms.. Kh Khs s prhgmdaoamiths dm dasmðh dmk G÷dalh dm Dasmðh Wïsoagh dm Zumitms y khs dm k` ihro` @@WFTH K^ED dm mspmgaeag`gahims dm dasmðh dm pumitms guopkmi ghi k`s mspmgaeag`gahims mstàid`r dm `phyhs dm imhprmih p`r` pumitms.

 

DAWZHWATA UHW  UHW DM @ZHQH EABH Q OHUAK M MI I ]I Z]MI Z]MITM TM DMEAIAGAHI2 Whi dasphsatavhs unag`dhs mitrm k` supmrmstrugtur` y k` aier`mstrugtur` dm ui pumitm guy` euiga÷i ms tr`isoatar tr `isoatar g`rl`s y phsanakat`r dmspk`z`oamiths y rht`gahims. K`s K` s g` g`rl rl`s `s aigk aigkuy uymi mi mk pm pmsh sh prhp prhpah ah dm k` su supm pmrm rmst stru rugt gtur ur`, `, g` g`rl rl`s `s vmfaguk`rms, dm vamith, sasoh, ermi`dh, eumrz` gmitrïeul`, mitrm htr`s. Khs dmsp dm spk` k`z` z`oa oami mith ths s tr tr`i `isv svmr mrs` s`km kms s y kh khil ilatu atuda dai` i`km kms, s, y k` k`s s rh rht` t`ga gahi hims ms,, rmsukt rms ukt`i `i dm k` `gg `gga÷i a÷i dm mst mst`s `s g`r g`rl`s l`s,, `sï ghoh dm v`ra`g v`ra`gahi ahims ms dm tmopmr`tur`, ekubh pkàstagh, rmtr`gga÷i, e`tal`, mtg.

@phyhs dm pumitms (NM@^AILW) @@WFTH ‗ K^ED 

Khs `phyhs dm khs pumitms pumdmi smr eabhs h o÷vakms ghoh sm rmquamr`i p`r` mk dasmðh dmk pumitm.



Khs `phyhs o÷vakms pumdmi aigkuar luï`s p`r` ghitrhk`r k` darmgga÷i dm k` tr`sk`ga÷i.

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E`gthr dm rmsastmiga`  ? 0.::



Khs `phyhs shomtadhs ` eumrz`s dm «`rr`iqum³ (kmv`it`oamith) imt`s sm `smlur`rài ghi mk ush dm `igk`bms.



K` o`liatud y darmgga÷i dm khs ohvaoamiths y g`rl`s us`d`s mi mk dasmðh dmk `phyh sm dmeaiarài gk`r`omitm mi khs pk`ihs.

`) Eumrz` Fhrazhit`k y ohvaoamith. K`s eumrz`s fhrazhit`kms y ohvaoamiths aidugadhs mi mk pumitm phr k`s rmstraggahims dmk ohvaoamith y k`s g`r`gtmrïstag`s mspmgaeag`d`s dm khs `phyhs oàs `dmk`itm. K` eumrz` e`gthraz`d` dmnad` ` k` dmehro`ga÷i dm ui `phyh dm mk`st÷omrhs sm tho` ghoh2

 

n) Ohomith2 K` su sunms nmstru trugtu gtur` r` y sup supmrm mrmstr strugt ugtur` ur` sm das dasmð` mð`rài rài p`r p`r` ` mk oho ohomi mith th e`gthraz`d e`gth raz`dh h

Ou   tr`isemradh

ih ghieai`dhs

phr mk `phyh. Z`r` `phyhs dm mk`st÷omrhs

 

K` gurv` g`rl` ‗ dmekmxa÷i dm ui `phyh dm mk`st÷omrh ms ih kaim`k, t`k qum

Mg  

dm dmpmi pmidm dm dm k` g`r g`rl`. l`. ]i` `p `prhx rhxao` ao`ga÷ ga÷i i `g `gmpt mpt`nk `nkm m p`r p`r` ` mk

ohdukh memgtavh ms2

KHW DAWZHWATAUHW DM @ZHQH WM DAWMÐ@I Z@^@2 

tr`isoatar k`s g`rl`s dmsdm k` supmrmstrugtur` ` k` sunmstrugtur`

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Zmroatar k` mxp`isa÷i y rht`ga÷i dm k` supmrmstrugtur`

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Dmnmi phsmmr lr`i g`p`gad`d dm dasthrsa÷i y lr`i raladmz `itm g`rl`s vmrtag vmr tag`km `kms. s. Wu `kt `ktur` ur` ih dmn dmnm m g`o g`ona` na`rr `pr `prmg mga`n a`nkmo kmomit mitm m `it `itm m g`r g`rl`s l`s vmrtag`kms.

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Khs Kh s dasp dasphs hsat atav avhs hs dm `p `phy hyh h sm dasm dasmð` ð`i i p` p`r` r` rm rmsa sast star ar k` k`s s g`rl g`rl`s `s qu qum m pumdmi hgurrar saouktàim`omitm mi dastait`s darmggahims.

TAZHW DM @ZHQH Mi k` t`nk t`nk` ` Mspm Ms pmsh shrm rms s dm pk`g pk`g`s `s dm mk`s mk`st÷ t÷om omrh rh y dm zu zuig igfh fhs s (` (`gm gmrh rh du dukg kgm) m) usu`kms2

Wm nraid` ` ghitaiu`ga÷i d`ths tágiaghs dm dasphsatavhs dm `phyh st`id`rd Ermyssaimt smoarmgunamrths2

 

@ZHQHW DM @GM^H Msths `phyhs shi khs oàs `italuhs. Mk `phyh pumdm ghisastar mi dhs pk`g`s qum dmskaz`i mitrm sï, h mi ui rhdakkh h msemr` dm `gmrh shnrm htr` supmreagam pk`i` h gurv`. Wa k` supmreagam ms p`rtm dm ui` msemr`, tm÷rag`omitm sm hntamim ui puith dm ghit`gth. Wa k` supmreagam ms ui gakaidrh sm hntamim ui` kïim` dm ghit`gth.  

 

K`s sup supmre mreaga agams ms pk` pk`i`s i`s shi us us`d` `d`s s p`r p`r` ` pmr pmroat oatar ar dms dmspk` pk`z`o z`oami amiths ths fhrazhit`k fhraz hit`kms ms (`phy (`phyhs hs dmsk dmskaz`it az`itms), ms), oamit oamitr`s r`s qum khs `phy `phyhs hs gurv gurvhs hs mseára mse áraghs ghs y gak gakïid ïidrag raghs hs pmr pmroat oatmi mi rht rht`ga `gahim hims s ouk oukta` ta`xa` xa`kms kms h `xa `xa`km `kms s rmspmgtav`omitm. Khs `phyhs dmskaz`itms ghisastmi dm dhs pk`g`s pk`i`s qum pumdmi smr ui nrhigm ghitr` htr` dm `gmrh `dmgu`d`omitm kunrag`dhs, sai mon` mo n`rl rlh, h, ta tami mim m ou ougf gf`s `s kao kaoat at`g `gah ahim ims s dm dmna nadh dh `k ai aigr grmo momi mith th dm dmkk ghme gh meag agam amit itm m dm er erag agga ga÷i ÷i gh ghi i mk ta tamo moph ph.. Ms Mstm tm pr prhn hnkm kmo` o` sm pu pumd mdm m shkugahi`r ghi mk ush dm Zhkatmtr`ekuhrhmtakmih (ZTEM) h tmek÷i qum phsmm n`bhs ghmeagamitms dm eragga÷i y lr`i rmsastmiga` quïoag`. Wai mon`rlh, tamim phg` rmsastmiga` ` k` ghoprmsa÷i y `kt` mxp`isa÷i tároag` phr kh qum ms us`dh mi kàoai`s sai `emgt`r sus prhpamd`dms dm n`b` eragga÷i.

@ZHQHW DM MK@WT×OM^HW DM @GM^H ^MEH^R@DH 

Ghi hisa sast stm mi mi «Zk`g` k`g`s s³ `kt ktmr mri` i`s s dm `gmr mrh h dm rm rmeu eumr mrz zh y mk`s mk`st÷ t÷om omrh rhs s

`d `dfm fmra radh dhs, s,

pu pumd mdmi mi

tm tmim imrr

pk pk`i `igf gf`s `s

dm

`g `gmr mrh h

«mxtmri`s³ `dfmrad`s ` k` g`p` supmrahr h aiemrahr dm mk`st÷omrh h `onhs. 

Ih sm us`rài mk`st÷omrhs aigkai`dhs.

 

Zrhpamd`d dm khs o`tmra`kms • :.:6: ≤ L ≤ :.0