G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
0.0.- LIOCQNTL KCMCY@ECX Ce lioctnvl ace prlychtl cs rc`enz`r r c`enz`r ce anscðl ac um` gàqunm` hrni`alr` 0
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
0.9.- LIOCQNTLX CXVCHÇDNHLX 0. Nmvcstnk`r y `m`enz`r el quc ce hencmtc mchcsnt`, p`r` `sç placr hugpenr hlm tlals els rcqucrngncmtls ac cstc. 9. Stnenz`hnøm ac gctlalelkç`s ac anscðl quc cmdlqucm e` sleuhnøm nac`e (Q.Y.N._) 8. Anscð`r um` gàqunm` hrni`alr` hlm andcrcmtcs t`g`ðls ac scp`r`hnøm ac g`tcrn`e. 1. Yc`enz`r anscðl gchàmnhl ac e` hrni` utnenz`mal sldtw`rc `achu`al i`s`al cm cecgcmtls dnmntls.
0.8.- @EH@MHC ACE VYL^CHQL 0.- Anscð`r um` gàqunm` hrni`alr` ac g`tcrn`e pîtrcl, i`s`a` l duma`gcmt`a` cm ce gîtlal QYN_ p`r` ce anscðl iàsnhl. 9.- Ce anscðl ac act`eec sc i`s`r` cm sldtw`rc p`r` lptngnz`r ce usl ac els g`tcrn`ecs.
0.1.- GCQ@ ACE VYL^CHQL Cm ce acs`rrleel ac cstc prlychtl sc hlmsnacr`ràm els snkuncmtcs `spchtls duma`gcmt`ecs? Litcmcr pe`mls ac act`eec ace anscðl.
Litcmcr ce prcsupucstl ac e` gàqunm`.
Puc tncgpl sc v` ` acglr`r ce prlychtl ac e` g`qunm`.
V`ràgctrls ac @etsjueecr
9
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
8
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
1
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
9.0.- G@YHL QCLYNHL.-
V`r` j`hcr vnir`r e` p`mt`ee`, e` `gpentua pucac scr `aoustcal cs ac e` eçmc` ac actchhnøm ac e`rkl, ac v`rn`s h`p`s ac p`mt`ee`, hlrrcknr ` e` p`mt`ee` cm tlal tnpl ac cspchndnh`hnøm, ac `et` cdnhncmhn` cm e` actchhnøm, t`m `gpen`gcmtc utnenz`al cm icmcdnhnl ac gnmcrç` y trntur`hnøm ac pncar` `rcmnsh`.
Tnir`tlrn` sc gucvc `ercacalr. Qncmc v`rn`s h`p`s. Ce Glacel ac els gcanls ce t`gnz vnir`tlrnl tncmc als p`mt`ee`s ac h`p`s, y ce Glacel ac els gcanls ce t`gnz vnir`tlrnl tncmc trcs h`p`s vnir`mtc p`mt`ee` cs ac `et` cdnhncmhn`. Ce cxhnt`alr ac vnir`hnøm ace coc cxhîmtrnhl y ielqucl p`rhn`e `yua`r ` `oust`r e` `gpentua. Ce g`tcrn`e acspeck`iec ac e` eçmc` ac tncgpl.
3
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
_`r`ma`s vnir`tlrn`s `penh`hnøm _`r`ma`s vnir`tlrn`s cs vnir`tlrn`s cs `gpen`gcmtc utnenz`al p`r` e` he`sndnh`hnøm y scechhnøm ac g`tcrn`ecs cm els snkuncmtcs àgintls? els gnmcr`ecs, e`s h`mtcr`s, g`tcrn`ecs ac hlmstruhhnøm, hlmscrv`hnøm ace `ku` y e` nmaustrn` jnarlceîhtrnh`, ce tr`msplrtc, prlauhtls quçgnhls, dumanhnøm, cth. Hrni`s vnir`tlrn`s slm gàqunm`s cdnhncmtcs ac scechhnøm p`r` e` he`sndnh`hnøm ac g`tcrn`ecs ` kr`mce hlgl ce h`riøm, gnmcr`ecs, hlquc, cth J`y 16 cspchndnh`hnlmcs ac cst` scrnc vnir`mtc p`mt`ee`, ac els hu`ecs ce tnpl ac tr`i`ol pcs`al ac hrni`s vnir`tlrn`s slm p`r` e` he`sndnh`hnøm ac g`tcrn`ecs ac kr`m t`g`ðl, gncmtr`s quc ce tnpl ac tr`i`ol envn`ml ac hrni`s vnir`tlrn`s slm p`r` els g`tcrn`ecs ac t`g`ðl gcanl y pcqucðl
4
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Vrnmhnpnl ac tr`i`ol ac hrni` vnir`tlrn` Ce t`gnz vnir`tlrnl plr ce vnir`alr, t`gnhcs y pncz`s ac h`o` ac e`s vnir`hnlmcs, ce glmt`oc ac `nse`gncmtl, ansplsntnvl ac tr`msgnsnøm quc sc hlgplmcmtca kcmcr`e. Ce t`gnz vnir`tlrnl tncmc e` supcrdnhnc ac actchhnøm rcht`mkue`r, nmst`e` els t`gnhcs cm ce hu`arl. H`o` ac hrni`s y e` supcrdnhnc ac actchhnøm cm dumhnøm ac vnir`alr, tncmc e` vnir`hnøm ac e` tr`ychtlrn` hhnrhue`r, nrhue`r, ceçptnh` l jctcrlscxu`e. Acinal ` quc e` vnir`hnøm ac e` supcrdnhnc ac prlychhnøm j`hc quc e` supcrdnhnc ac actchhnøm ace mnvce ac g`tcrn`e sucetl y s`ec ac e` supcrdnhnc ac hrni`al p`r` e`mz`r, j`hc quc e`s acsh`rk`s ac kr`al dnml ac g`tcrn`e plr ce p`r`acrl mnvce g`tcrn`e y` tr`vîs ac e` g`ee`, c nmspnr` e` t`roct` cm e` g`ee` ac pceects, `acgàs tncmc e` `htlnlm t`gnz`al , y j`hc quc ce glvngncmtl ac `v`mhc g`tcrn`e. E`s pe`h`s ac e` p`mt`ee` sc pucac anvnanr cm als tnpls, e` h`p` ac glml-y guetn-h`p`. Qlals els tnpls ac pe`h`s ac îst` acicrà scr cm hlmdlrgna`a hlm els rcqunsntls ac scp`r`hnøm ac `et` cdnhncmhn`, e`rk` vna` ÿtne snm ielquc`r ce dlmal ace `kuocrl. E` p`mt`ee` ac cst` scrnc cs cm ce glmt`oc ace pcacst`e. E` nmhenm`hnøm ac e` h`r` p`mt`ee` sc pucac `oust`r h`gin`mal e` `etur` ac e` i`sc ac e` prng`vcr`. Ce kcmcr`alr cstà nmst`e`al cm ce e`al nzquncral l acrchjl ace g`rhl ac e` p`mt`ee`. Els g`tcrn`ecs acicràm scr sugnmnstr`als ` e` acrchj` ` el e`rkl ac e` anrchhnøm ac glvngncmtl ` gcmls quc sc cspchndnquc el hlmtr`rnl. _`r`ma`s vnir`tlrn`s Cspchndnh`hnøm ;
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
V`mt`ee` Qnpl
Cspch (gg)
H`p` s
Vlrl
Q`g`ðl
ace
gàxngl ac
Q`gnz `engc-mt`hnøm (gg)
(gg)
Àrc` ac
H`p`- Vltchna`a mhn` (t/j)
(B[)
e` p`mt`ee` (g9)
Vcsl cxheu-ycmal ce gltlr (t)
9^@098; 0966Û8;66
9
8-36
966
;.3-:6
3.3
1.11
9.81
8^@098; 0966Û8;66
8
8-36
966
;.3-:6
;.3
1.11
8.63
9^@031: 0366Û1:66
9
3-36
166
03
;.9
3.88
03
;.9
4.6;
0:.3
: .41 :.
4.43
0:.3
: .41 :.
4.>8
99
06.:
;.39
99
06.:
;.;9
99
06.:
:.;6
86
09.4
06.9
86
09.4
06.3
86
09.4
06.:
8;
01.1
06.1
8;
01.1
06.:
3696: 368^@031: 0366Û1:66
8
3-36
166 936 36-
9^@0:1: 0:66Û1:66
9
3-:6
166 946 36-
8^@0:1: 0:66Û1:66
8
3-:6
166 866 36-
9^@0:46 0:66Û4666
9
3-:6
166 836 36-
8^@0:46 0:66Û4666
8
3-:6
166 836 36-
1^@0:46 0:66Û4666
1
3-:6
166 836 066-
9^@9046 9066Û4666
9
3-066
166 366 066-
8^@9046 9066Û4666
8
3-066
166 366 066-
1^@9046 9066Û4666
1
3-066
166 366 036-
9^@9146 9166Û4666
9
3-036
166 ;66 036-
8^@9146 9166Û4666
8
3-036
166 ;66
9.9.- VYNMHNVNLX AC NMTCMQNT@ AC @EQXJSEECY Vrnmhnpnl 0? Xckgcmt`hnøm0: (dr`kgcmt`hnøm)
Anvnanr um lioctl cm p`rtcs nmacpcmancmtcs :
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
J`hcr ` um lioctl glaue`r
Nmhrcgcmt`r ce kr`al ac dr`kgcmt`hnøm l sckgcmt`hnøm
Vrnmhnpnl 9? Ycglhnøm/Cxt Ycglhnøm/Cxtr`hhnøm r`hhnøm
Xcp`r`r(cxtr`cr) um` p`rtc quc nmtcrdncrc l quc dlrg` prlpn`gcmtc um lioctl, l aco`re` sle` ` e` p`rtc mchcs`rn` ac um lioctl
Vrnmhnpnl 8 H`ena`a elh`e
H`gin`r e` cstruhtur` ac um lioctl ac umndlrgc(jlglkîmc`) ` um` ml umndlrgc, h`gin`r ce `gincmtc cxtcrml ac umndlrgc ` ml umndlrgc.
J`hcr h`a` p`rtc ace lioctl dumhnlm`r cm hlmanhnlmcs `prlpn`a`s `prlpn`a`s p`r` su lpcr`hnøm.
J`hcr quc h`a` p`rtc ace lioctl hugpe` um` dumhnøm ÿtne y andcrcmtc.
Vrnmhnpnl 1 @sngctrç`
H`gin`r e` dlrg` ac um lioctl ac sngîtrnh` ` `sngîtrnh`.
Xn um lioctl cs `sngîtrnhl, nmhrcgcmt`r su kr`al ac `sngctrç`.
Vrnmhnpnl 3 Dusnøm ( umnr/hlginm`r umnr/hlginm`r) )
Smnr lioctls sngne`rcs l naîmtnhls, cms`gie`r p`rtcs sngne`rcs l naîmtnh`s p`r` rc`enz`r lpcr`hnlmcs p`r`ece`s.
J`hcr lpcr`hnlmcs hlmtnku`s l p`r`ece`s
Vrnmhnpnl 4 Smnvcrs`ena`a
J`hcr quc um` p`rtc u lioct` hugpec dumhnlmcs gÿetnpecs, cengnm`r e` mchcs`rn` plr ltr`s p`rtcs.
Vrnmhnpnl ; Cstruhtur`s `mna`a`s
Vlmcr um lioctl acmtrl ac ltrl.
J`hcr quc um` p`rtc p`sc plr um` r`mur` ac ltrl.
Vrnmhnpnl : Hlmtr` pcsl >
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
V`r` hlmtr`rrcst`r ce pcsl ac um lioctl, umnrel hlm ltrls lioctls quc prlauzh`m cgpuoc.
V`r` hlgpcms`r ce pcsl ac um lioctl, j`hcrel nmtcr`htu`r hlm ce `gincmtc.
Vrnmhnpnl > Hlmtr` `hhnøm prcengnm`r
Xn cs mchcs`rnl rc`enz`r um` `hhnøm hlm cdchtls ÿtnecs y a`ðnmls ` e` vcz, cst` `hhnøm acic scr rccgpe`z`a` plr hlmtr` `hhnlmcs p`r` hlmtrle`r cdchtls a`ðnmls.
Hrc`r `hhnlmcs cm um lioctl quc gàs `ace`mtc sc lplmaràm ` e`s `hhnlmcs ac tr`i`ol ml acsc`a`s hlmlhna`s.
Vrnmhnpnl 06 @hhnøm prcengnm`r
Cdchtu`r, `mtcs ac el mchcs`rnl, ce h`ginl rcqucrnal ac um lioctl. Eecv`r ` h`il p`rtc ac e` `hhnøm plr `v`mz`al. Vrc`rrcke`r lioctls p`r` quc cstls puca`m `htu`r acsac ce euk`r gàs hlmvcmncmtc y snm pcracr tncgpl p`r` su cmtrck`.
Vrnmhnpnl 00 @glrtnku`hnøm cm `v`mz`al
Vrcp`r` gcanls ac cgcrkcmhn` ac `mtcg`ml p`r` hlgpcms`r e` rce`tnv` i`o` hlmdn`inena`a ac um lioctl.
Vrnmhnpnl 09 Cqunpltcmhn`ena`a
Cm um h`gpl pltcmhn`e, e` plsnhnøm eçgntc h`gin`
Vrnmhnpnl 08 Ycvcrs`
Nmvcrtnr e`s `hhnlmcs us`a`s p`r` rcslevcr prliecg`s.
Cm vcz ac um` `hhnøm anht`a` plr els rcqucrngncmtls, uml ngpecgcmt` e` `hhnøm lpucst`.
J`hcr p`rtcs gøvnecs l ce `gincmtc cxtcrml prcp`r`al, y prcp`r`r p`rtcs gøvnecs. 06
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
A`r e` vucet` `e lioctl l prlhcsl.
Vrnmhnpnl 01 Hurv`
Cm euk`r ac us`r u s`r p`rtcs rchtneçmc`s, supcrdnhncs, l dlrg`s, usc hurvneçmc`s2 glvcr ac supcrdnhncs pe`m`s ` csdîrnh`s, ac p`rtcs hlm dlrg` ac huil ` dlrg` ac csdcr`. Ssc ile`s, cspnr`ecs, algls
Nr ac glvngncmtl enmc`e ` rlt`hnlm`e, us`r ducrz` hcmtrçduk`
Vrnmhnpnl 03 Anm`gnsgl
Vcrgntnr l anscð`r e`s e `s h`r`htcrçstnh`s ac um lioctl, `gincmtc cxtcrml, l ce prlhcsl ac h`gin`r p`r` scr øptngl l cmhlmtr`r hlmanhnlmcs øptng`s ac lpcr`hnøm. Anvnanr um lioctl cm p`rtcs h`p`hcs ac glvngncmtls rce`tnvls cmtrc ceels. Xn um lioctl cs rçknal l nmdecxniec, j`hcrel glvniec l `a`pt`iec. Vrnmhnpnl 04 @hhnøm cxhcsnv` l p`rhn`e
Xn ce 066% ac um lioctl cs andçhne ac `eh`mz`r utnenz`mal gîtlals ac sleuhnlmcs a`a`s, ce prliecg` pucac scr hlmsnacr`iecgcmtc dàhne ac rcslevcr utnenz`mal um plhl gcmls l um plhl gàs ace gnsgl gîtlal. Vrnmhnpnl 0; Ltr` angcmsnøm
E`s andnhuet`acs cmvucet`s cm ce glvngncmtl l rcuinh`hnøm ac um lioctl slirc um` eçmc` slm rcglvna`s sn ce lioctl `aquncrc e` j`inena`a ac glvcrsc cm als angcmsnlmcs. Hlmdlrgcgcmtc, prliecg`s hlmcht`als hlm glvngncmtl l rcuinh`hnøm ac lioctls cm um pe`ml slm rcglvnals `e h`gin`r ` um` tcrhcr` angcmsnøm cm ce csp`hnl. Ss`r um `rrckel guetn-stlry ac lioctls cm euk`r ac um `rrckel snmkec-stlry. Stnenz`r um cms`giec ac h`p`s gÿetnpecs ac lioctls cm euk`r ac um` h`p` sngpec. Yclrncmt`r ce lioctl, pls`rel cm su e`al. Ss`r ltrl e`al ac um àrc` a`a`. 00
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Ss`r eçmc`s øptnh`s h`ycmal cm àrc`s vchnm`s l cm ce e`al ac rcscrv` ace àrc` ansplmniec. Vrnmhnpnl 0: Tnir`hnøm Gchàmnh`
Lshne`hnøm l vnir`hnøm ac um lioctl Xn e` lshne`hnøm cxnstc, nmhrcgcmt`r su drchucmhn` Ss`r e` drchucmhn` ac rcslm`mhn` ac um lioctl Ss`r vnir`alrcs pnczlceîhtrnhls cm euk`r ac gchàmnhls Ss`r h`gpls ac lshne`hnøm hlginm`als, uetr`sømnhls y cechtrlg`kmîtnhls Vrnmhnpnl 0> @hhnøm pcrnøanh`
Cm euk`r ac um` `hhnøm hlmtnmu`, us`r `hhnlmcs ac pues`hnøm l pcrnøanh`s. Xn um` `hhnøm y` cs pcrnøanh`, h`gin`r e` g`kmntua pcrnøanh` l drchucmhn`. Vrnmhnpnl 96 Hlmtnmuna`a ac `hhnlmcs ÿtnecs
Hlmtnmu`r e`s `hhnlmcs2 j`hcr quc tla`s e`s p`rtcs ac um lioctl rc`enhcm SD y/l MD cm su h`rk` gàxng`, tlal ce tncgpl. Cengnm`r tla`s e`s `hhnlmcs nmtcrgntcmtcs l mcutr`s. Vrnmhnpnl 90 Lgnsnøm
Hlmauhhnøm ac um prlhcsl l hncrt`s ct`p`s ` `et`s vcelhna`acs. Vrnmhnpnl 99 Hlmvcrtnr a`ðnml cm icmcdnhnlsl
Ss`r d`htlrcs a`ðnmls p`r` `eh`mz`r um cdchtl plsntnvl Cengnm`r e` `hhnøm a`ðnm` prng`rn` `ð`ancmal ` cst` ` ltr` `hhnøm a`ðnm` p`r` rcslevcr ce prliecg`. @gpendnh`r um d`htlr a`ðnml ` t`e kr`al quc eeckuc ` ml scr a`ðnml. Vrnmhnpnl 98 Yctrl`engcmt Yctrl`engcmt`hnøm `hnøm
Nmtrlauhnr e` rctrl`engcmt`hnøm p`r` gcolr`r um prlhcsl l `hhnøm. Xn e` rctrl`engcmt`hnøm cst` sncmal us`a`, h`gin`r su g`kmntua l nmdeucmhn`. 09
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Vrnmhnpnl 91 Nmtcrgcan`rn Nmtcrgcan`rnl l
Stnenz`r um `rtçhuel ac h`rrcr` nmtcrgcanl l um prlhcsl nmtcrgcanl. Gczhe`r um lioctl tcgplr`egcmtc hlm ltrl Vrnmhnpnl 93 @utl scrvnhnl y `utl lrk`mnz`hnøm
J`hcr quc um lioctl sc `utl snrv` rc`enz`mal dumhnlmcs ac `yua` `uxnen`rcs. Ce lioctl acic scrvnr/lrk`mnz`r ` ce gnsgl y eecv`r ` h`il lpcr`hnlmcs supecgcmt`rnls y ac g`mtcmngncmtl. Ss`r rchursls ac acspcranhnls, cmcrkç` l suist`mhn`s suist`mhn`s.. Vrnmhnpnl 94 Hlpn`r
Cm euk`r ac um nmanspucstl, h`rl, lioctl dràkne, us`r hlpn`s sngpecs y i`r`t`s. Yccgpe`z`r um lioctl l prlhcsl hlm um` hlpn` øptnh`. Xn hlpn`s øptnh`s cst` sncmal y` us`a`s, us`r hlpn`s nmdr`rrlo`s l uetr`vnlect`s. Vrnmhnpnl 9; Lioctls i`r`tls y ac hlrt` vna`
Yccgpe`z`r um lioctl h`rl plr guhjls lioctls i`r`tls, hlgprlgctncmal hncrt`s hu`ena`acs. Vrnmhnpnl 9: Xuistntuhnlmcs gchàmnh`s
Yccgpe`z`r hu`equncr gcanl gchàmnhl plr scmslrcs. Ss`r ceîhtrnhls, g`kmîtnhls, y h`gpls cechtrlg`kmîtnhls p`r` nmtcr`htu`r hlm ce lioctl. H`gin`r ac h`gpls cstàtnhls ` gøvnecs, acsac h`gpls snm cstruhtur`s ` h`gpls hlm cstruhtur`s. Ss`r h`gpls oumtl ` h`gpls `htnv`als hlm p`rtçhue`s. p`rtçhue`s. Vrnmhnpnl 9> Mcugàtnhls c jnaràuenhls
Ss`r p`rtcs ac k`s y eçqunal ac um lioctl, cm euk`r ac p`rtcs søena`s. 08
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Ss`r ce prnmhnpnl ac @rquçgcacs p`r` rcauhnr ce pcsl ac um lioctl. Ss`r prcsnøm mck`tnv` l `tglsdîrnh` Sm tnpl ac cspug` pucac scr utnenz`a` hlgl hlginm`hnøm ac prlpnca`acs eçquna`s u k`scls`s hlm plhl pcsl. Vrnmhnpnl 86 @rg`zlmcs decxniecs y dnm`s pceçhue`s
Ss`r `rg`zlmcs decxniecs y pceçhue`s dnm`s cm euk`r ac cstruhtur`s trnangcmsnlm`ecs. @nse`r els lioctls ace cxtcrnlr us`mal `rg`zlmcs decxniec y pceçhue`s dnm`s. Vrnmhnpnl 80 Gcgir`m`s y g`tcrn`ecs plrlsls
J`hcr ` um lioctl plrlsl l `ð`anr cecgcmtls plrlsls. Xn um lioctl y` cs plrlsl, utnenz`r els plrls p`r` nmtrlauhnr suist`mhn`s l dumhnlmcs ÿtnecs. Vrnmhnpnl 89 H`ginl ac hlelrcs
H`gin`r ce hlelr ac um lioctl l ac su `gincmtc cxtcrml. H`gin`r e` tr`msp`rcmhn` ac um lioctl l su `gincmtc cxtcrml. V`r` placr liscrv`r lioctls l prlhcsls quc slm andçhnecs ac vcr, us`r `antnvls ac hlelrcs. Xn t`ecs `antnvls y` ducrlm us`als, cgpec`r tr`zls eugnmlsls. Vrnmhnpnl 88 Jlglkcmcna`a
J`hcr quc els lioctls nmtcr`htÿcm hlm lioctls a`als ace gnsgl g`tcrn`e. Vrnmhnpnl 81 Acsh`rt`r y rchupcr`r
Acsh`rt`r plrhnlmcs ac um lioctl quc y` j`m hugpenal sus dumhnlmcs l j`m glandnh`al sus prlpnca`acs aur`mtc um` lpcr`hnøm. @e hlmtr`rnl, rcst`ur`r p`rtcs hlmsugna`s ac um lioctl anrcht`gcmtc cm lpcr`hnøm.
Vrnmhnpnl 83 H`ginl ac p`ràgctrls y prlpnca`acs
H`gin`r ce cst`al `krck`al dçsnhl ac um lioctl. 01
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
H`gin`r e` hlmhcmtr`hnøm l hlmsnstcmhn`. H`gin`r ce kr`al ac decxninena`a. H`gin`r e` tcgpcr`tur`. H`gin`r ltr`s h`r`htcrçstnh`s ac e` tîhmnh`. Vrnmhnpnl 84 Qr`msnhnøm ac d`sc
Ss`r ce dcmøgcml quc lhurrc aur`mtc e` tr`msnhnøm ac d`sc. Vrnmhnpnl 8; Cxp`msnøm tîrgnh`
Stnenz`r e` cxp`msnøm tîrgnh` ac els g`tcrn`ecs. Xn e` cxp`msnøm tîrgnh` y` cst` sncmal utnenz`a`, us`r g`tcrn`ecs hlm andcrcmtcs hlcdnhncmtcs ac cxp`msnøm tîrgnh`. Vrnmhnpnl 8: Lxna`mtcs ducrtcs
Yccgpe`z`r ce `nrc hlgÿm plr um `nrc cmrnquchnal cm lxçkcml. Yccgpe`z`r `nrc cmrnquchnal plr lxçkcml purl. Cxplmcr `nrc u lxçkcml ` r`an`hnøm nømnh`. Ss`r lxçkcml nlmnz`al. Yccgpe`z`r lzlmnz`al l nlmnz`al plr lxçkcml hlm lzlml.
Vrnmhnpnl 8> @tgøsdcr` nmcrtc
Yccgpe`z`r um `gincmtc mlrg`e plr uml nmcrtc @ð`anr p`rtcs mcutr`ecs l `antnvls nmcrtc ` um lioctl Vrnmhnpnl 16 G`tcrn`ecs hlgpucstls
H`gin`r ac g`tcrn`ecs umndlrgcs ` hlgpucstls. Cstls prnmhnpnls cstàm dlrgue`als cm kcmcr`e hlm ce `dàm ac acglstr`r e` sleuhnøm ace hlmhcptl. Xn, plr cocgpel, `ekumls prnmhnpnls rchlgncma`m jcrr`gncmt`s ac decxninena`a, snkmndnh` quc e` sleuhnøm ace prliecg` rce`t` ac `ekum` dlrg` hlgl h`gin`r ce kr`al ac decxninena`a l `a`pt`ine `a`pt`inena`a na`a ac e` tîhmnh` 03
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
quc cstà sncmal glandnh`a`. Hlmhrct`r ce prliecg`, tcmnîmalel `t`al ` e` sntu`hnøm hlmhrct` ø cxpenh`r ce prliecg` cm p`e`ir`s sngpecs us`mal QYN_ Hlm e` hlginm`hnøm ac els 16 prnmhnpnls cm e` g`trnz ac achnsnlmcs quc sc gucstr` ` hlmtnmu`hnøm, placgls eeck`r ` tcmcr ce nmnhnl hlm ce huàe placgls rc`enz`r e` rcsleuhnøm ace prliecg`.
G`trnz ac hlmtr`anhhnøm
04
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
0;
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
8 XCECHHNØM AC @EQCYM@QNT @EQCYM@QNT@X @X 8.0.- YCPSCYNGNCMQLX AC ANXCÐL ^ V@Y@GCQYLX. Sm` vcz vnstls els prnmhnpnls ace QYN_, e`s `etcrm`tnv`s quc sc v`m ` scechhnlm`r scràm vnst`s gcan`mtc els prnmhnpnls ac cstc gîtlal ac anscðl. J`y anvcrsls anscðls ac Hrni`s hlm els hu`ecs sc pucac vcr hu`e scrà ce anscðl øptngl, p`r` cstl tcmarcgls quc sckunr els p`sls gcmhnlm`als cm ce h`pntuel 9.9 ce hu`e anhc hucstnlm`rnl p`r` e` sntu`hnøm ac nmmlv`hnøm—.
Ce anscðl rcquncrc quc e` hrni` tcmk` um` h`p`hna`a ac 866 g 8 /aç`, p`r` `sç placr scp`r`r ce g`tcrn`e pîtrcl quc nmkrcs` cm andcrcmtcs t`g`ðls, els hu`ecs v`m ` scr `eg`hcm`als sckÿm e` anstrniuhnøm ace aucðl ac e` h`mtcr`.
Ce g`tcrn`e v` ` scr pelgl, plr el kcmcr`e e` acmsna`a ace g`tcrn`e cs ac 0.4 tlm/g8 Ce g`mtcmngncmtl tncmc quc scr sngpec, um` prngcr` nac` plarç` scr quc e`s g`ee`s cstîm suoct`s hlm pcrmls, p`r` quc `sç cst`s sc`m rcglvna`s hlm d`hnena`a.
8.0.0.- HLMHESXNLMCX LIQCMNA@X LIQCMNA@X CM I@XC @ E@X CMHSCXQ@X Cst` cmhucst` sc rc`enzl prnmhnp`egcmtc p`r` actcrgnm`r e` kr`muelgctrç` ace g`tcrn`e, ce t`g`ðl quc sc acicrç` tcmcr cm um` hrni` y ce pcsl `achu`al p`r` cstc tnpl ac g`qunm`rn`s. V`r` ce tnpl ac gàqunm` ` anscð`r, el nac`e scrn` quc?
E` gàqunm` nac`e tncmc quc scr um` quc ml vnirc.
Puc sc` ac i`ol pcsl.
Ce hlstl ml sc` cxhcsnvl.
Dàhne tr`msplrtc. 0:
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
@ su vcz, els prnmhnp`ecs prliecg`s quc sc cmhucmtr`m cm e` vna` ÿtne ac e` gàqunm` slm? V`rtcs sudrcm ac acsk`stc plr lxna`hnøm.
G`ee`s sudrcm acsk`stc acinal `e tr`i`ol hlmtnmul.
8.0.9.- ANXCÐL ACXC@AL. E` nac` prnmhnp`e cm cstc anscðl cs quc e` hrni` aci` tcmcr um` h`p`hna`a ac hrni`al ac 866 g8 /aç`, hlm trcs andcrcmtcs tnpls ac g`ee` p`r` `sç placr tcmcr tcmcr andcrcmtcs plsninena`acs plsninena`acs ac t`g`ðl ac rlh` y quc `e dnm`e sc` glaue`r. T` ` cst`r c st`r dlrg`a` plr trcs snstcg`s? Xnstcg` ac scp`r`hnøm
Xnstcg` cstruhtur`e
Cstls snstcg`s v`m ` cst`r hlmdlrg`als plr suisnstcg`s, els hu`ecs v`m ` cst`r a`als sckÿm els a`tls litcmnals cm ce entcr`e 8.0.0. 8.0.8- IYCTC ACXHYNVHNØM ACE VYLIECG@ E`s vnir`hnlmcs kcmcr`a`s plr e`s g`s`s acsi`e`mhc`a`s acsi`e`mhc`a`s v`m ` hrc`r prliecg`s ac d`tnk` cm e` cstruhtur` kcmcr`e y ce rcstl ac hlgplmcmtcs ac cst`. E`s g`ee`s sc pucacm rlgpcr hu`mal ce g`tcrn`e cs acsh`rk`al slirc cee`s, cs plr cstl quc tncmcm quc scr rcsnstcmtcs ` cstc tnpl ac tr`tls. Ce acsk`stc ac e`s g`ee`s v` ` acpcmacr ac e` vnir`hnøm ac e` gàqunm` y ace tnpl ac g`tcrn`e pîtrcl ` scr hrni`al. Xn e` cstruhtur` cs guy pcs`a` ce hlstl ac cst` v` ` `ugcmt`r, cmtlmhcs el quc sc iush` cs um anscðl envn`ml y rcsnstcmtc. E` cstruhtur` kcmcr`e tcmarà quc scr rcsnstcmtc ` els cdchtls a`ðnmls ac e` vnir`hnøm. 8.0.1.- NMDLYG@HNØM XLIYC CE XNXQCG@ Mlgirc ace snstcg` Hrni`alr`
Cstruhtur` ace snstcg`
Xnstcg` ac scp`r`hnøm
Xnstcg` cstruhtur`e
Dumhnlm`gncmtl ace snstcg`
0>
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Xnstcg` ac scp`r`hnøm? Cstc snstcg` cs mchcs`rnl p`r` e` scp`r`hnøm ace
g`tcrn`e pîtrcl, `sç sc` plr vnir`hnøm l plr hu`equncr ltrl gîtlal acsc`al. Xnstcg` Cstruhtur`e? Cs ce quc ec a` rnknacz cstruhtur`e ` e` g`qunm`rn`, p`rtc
duma`gcmt`e ace anscðl ac cst`, acinal ` quc v` ` cst`r slgctnal ` andcrcmtcs tnpls ac h`rk`s, sckÿm ce tnpl ac hlmtrle quc sc rcquncr` pucac t`ginîm hlmtrle`r e` `gpentua ac vnir`hnøm ac e` gàqunm`, sn cst` tncmc um snstcg` ac scp`r`hnøm vnir`mtc, l sn tncmc hu`equncr ltrl tnpl ac snstcg` ac scp`r`hnøm. @gincmtc ace snstcg`? snstcg`?
Ce euk`r ac tr`i`ol v` ` scr acmtrl ac rchnhe`al ac pelgl.
Ce lpcr`alr ac e` hrni` sc v` ` cmhlmtr`r sntu`al ` um e`al ac cst`, acinal ` quc su prlxngna`a ` cst` pucac lh`snlm`r `ekÿm tnpl ac `hhnacmtc.
E` ducmtc ac cmcrkç` e` v` ` prlplrhnlm`r e` rca ac e` pe`mt`, ce hu`e v` ` hlelh`r e` g`qunm`rn` sckÿm els rcqucrngncmtls ac cstc.
8.0.3- NMDLYG@HNØM XLIYC E@ XNQS@HNØM ACE VYLIECG@ Vrliecg` quc acic scr rcsucetl
Ce snstcg` vnir`tlrnl prcscmt` um kr`m prliecg` `e rcstl ac els snstcg`s, acinal ` quc e`s vnir`hnlmcs h`us`a`s plr cstc pucacm lh`snlm`r quc ce rcstl ac els cecgcmtls d`eecm plr d`tnk`, p`r` cvnt`r cstl sc rcqucrnrç` cecgcmtls g`s rliustls. E` cstruhtur` prnmhnp`e tncmc quc rcsnstnr ` els cdchtls a`ðnmls quc lh`snlm`m e`s vnir`hnlmcs y ` su vcz scr envn`m` p`r` `sç `i`r`t`r hlstls. Gch`mnsgls quc h`us`m ce prliecg`
Ce hlmoumtl ac gltlr, g`s`s acsi`e`mhc`a`s acsi`e`mhc`a`s kcmcr`m vnir`hnlmcs, e`s hu`ecs j`hcm quc e` cstruhtur` kcmcr`e ac e` hrni` cstî slgctna` ` vnir`hnlmcs cm v`rnls scmtnals, y acinal ` cstl pucac rcsuet`r cm ce hle`psl ac e` cstruhtur`. Hlmschucmhn`s ml acsc`a`s ac prliecg`s ml rcsucetls
E` cstruhtur` prnmhnp`e cs guy pcs`a`, y plr csl ce hlstl ac cst` nmhrcgcmt`. Jnstlrn` ace prliecg`
Ce snstcg` vnir`tlrnl nmdeuyc cm hlgl v` ` scr ce anscðl cstruhtur`e ac e` hrni`, acinal ` quc els cdchtls c dchtls quc h`us`m e`s vnir`hnlmcs slirc tlals els snstcg`s v`m ` scr a`ðnmls, ac cst` g`mcr` sc v` ` eeck`r ` um anscðl øptngl y ac i`ol hlstl, prcvnmncmal els prliecg`s duturls quc tlals els snstcg`s puca`m tcmcr. 96
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Ltrls snstcg`s cm els quc um prliecg` sngne`r cxnstc
Qlals els snstcg`s v`m ` cst`r slgctnals ` andcrcmtcs h`rk`s, y` sc` plr cdchtls ac vnir`hnlmcs l cdchtls pumtu`ecs. Ltrls prliecg`s ` scr rcsucetls
Ce acsk`stc ac e`s g`ee`s acinal `e rlz`gncmtl cxnstcmtc hlm ce g`tcrn`e ` hrni`r cs `hcecr`al. 8.0.4.- TNXNØM NAC@E AC XLESHNØM V`r` quc um` gàqunm` ac cst`s h`r`htcrçstnh`s h`r`htcrçstnh`s sc` nac`e, su anscðl acic scr envn`ml, rcsnstcmtc y ac i`ol hlstl, p`r` quc ac cst` g`mcr` sc` rcmt`iec hlmstrunr. 8.0.;.- YCHSYXLX ANXVLMNIECX Chlmøgnhls?
Ce hlstl ac d`irnh`hnøm ac um` hrni` v` ` acpcmacr ac e` h`ena`a ac g`tcrn`e utnenz`al, y ac e` h`mtna`a ac tncgpl quc sc utnenhc p`r` e` hlmstruhhnøm ac cst`. ^` quc cst`gls utnenz`mal ce gîtlal ac QYN_ p`r` ce anscðl ac e` gàqunm`, cstc mls `i`r`t` hlstls. Jug`mls? Aucðls ac dàirnh`s huyl prlauhtl prnmhnp`e slm e`s Hrni`s.
8.0.:.- H@GINLX VCYGNQNALX @E XNXQCG@ E` ÿmnh` dumhnøm ace snstcg` cs ce ac scp`r`r g`tcrn`e, plr csl ml sc rchlgncma`m h`ginls cm ce snstcg`, el quc sn sc rchlgncma` cs `m`enz`r ce tnpl ac snstcg` vnir`tlrnl p`r` `sç placr eeck`r ` um glacel øptngl. 8.0.>.-HYNQCYNL V@Y@ XCECHHNLM@Y HLMHCVQLX AC XLESHNØM Ycsuet`als cspcr`als?
E` vnir`hnøm ac e` hrni` cs e` `achu`a` p`r` ce tr`i`ol
Ce prchnl ac e` hrni` sc `i`r`t` acinal ` quc ce anscðl cs g`s sngpec
Ce lpcr`alr ac e` hrni` sc sncmtc g`s ` kustl hlm su tr`i`ol
Els rcsuet`als dnm`mhncrls sc i`s`m cm e` rcauhhnøm rc auhhnøm ac hlstls ac d`irnh`hnøm
@mtnhnp`mal mucvls prliecg`s schuma`rnls
Els cecgcmtls pucacm d`ee`r acinal ` e`s vnir`hnlmcs 90
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Vrli`inena`a ac îxntl y `scmt`gncmtl ac rncskls
E` hrni` ml v` ` tcmcr um` drchucmhn` ac vnir`hnøm hlrrcht`, y cstl eecv` ` ansgnmunr e` h`p`hna`a ac hrni`al.
E` cxhcsnv` vnir`hnøm lh`snlm` quc els cecgcmtls ac e` hrni` d`eecm Xn eeck`r` ` d`ee`r ce snstcg` vnir`tlrnl sc acic tcmcr um` hrni` ac rcsp`eal. Xlel cm ce h`sl ac quc e` hrni` d`ee`r` plr hlgpectl sc acicrà utnenz`r e` ltr` hrni`
8.9.-DLYGSE@HNØM 8.9.-DLYGS E@HNØM ACE VYLIECG@ 8.9.0.- HLMXQYSNY SM AN@KY@G@
Dnkur` 8-0? Csqucg` ac um prliecg`
8.9.9. - ANYCHHNLMCX V@Y@ NMMLT@Y
Cmhlmtr`r um` vç` `etcrm`tnv` p`r` litcmcr ce snstcg` vnir`tlrnl quc ldrchc el snkuncmtc? `e `ugcmt`r e` scp`r`hnøm ace g`tcrn`e quc ml h`usc vnir`hnlmcs y quc ml rcquncr`m gltlrcs ceîhtrnhls.
Qr`t`r ac rcslevcr e`s snkuncmtcs hlmtr`anhhnlmcs? Ce d`htlr ÿtne ace snstcg` vnir`tlrnl acic cst`r elh`enz`al p`r` placr nmhrcgcmt`r e` scp`r`hnøm ace
g`tcrn`e, y ml acicrç` cxnstnr p`r` placr cvnt`r vnir`hnlmcs. Cmhlmtr`r um` vç` `etcrm`tnv` p`r` litcmcr e` scp`r`hnøm ace g`tcrn`e quc
ml rcquncr` ace snstcg` vnir`tlrnl. Hlmsnacr`r rccgpe`z`r tlal ce snstcg` hlm uml `etcrm`tnvl quc prlvc` e` scp`r`hnøm ace g`tcrn`e. 99
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Cmhlmtr`r um` vç` `etcrm`tnv` p`r` quc ce gltlr ceîhtrnhl gcolrc ce snstcg` vnir`tlrnl.
Cmhlmtr`r um` dlrg` ac cengnm`r, rcauhnr, prcvcmnr vnir`hnlmcs hlm ce lracm ac cvnt`r d`tnk` ace g`tcrn`e, i`ol e`s hlmanhnlmcs ace snstcg` vnir`tlrnl.
8.8.-VYNLYN_@Y 8.8.-VYNLYN_ @Y ANYCHHNLMCX 8.8.0.- ANYCHHNLMCX XCECHHNLM@A@X V@Y@ HLMXNACY@HNLMCX HLMXNACY@HNLMCX DSQSY@X Vrngcr` prnlrna`a
Cmhlmtr`r um` dlrg` ac nmhrcgcmt`r e` cdchtnvna`a ace snstcg` vnir`tlrnl.
Cmhlmtr`r um` dlrg` ac rcauhnr vnir`hnlmcs cm ce snstcg` vnir`tlrnl.
Stnenz`r els lpcr`alrcs umnvcrs`ecs p`r` rcslevcr e`s hlmtr`anhhnlmcs.
Cmhlmtr`r um` dlrg` ac nmhrcgcmt`r e` scp`r`hnøm ace g`tcrn`e. Cmhlmtr`r um` dlrg` ac `ugcmt`r e` cdchtnvna`a ace gltlr ceîhtrnhl.
Cmhlmtr`r um` dlrg` ac icmcdnhn`rsc ac e`s vnir`hnlmcs.
Cmhlmtr`r um` dlrg` ac rcauhnr e`s vnir`hnlmcs quc h`us`m d`tnk` ace
g`tcrn`e. Hlmsnacr`r ce hrc`r um` sntu`hnøm quc j`hc ` e` d`tnk` ace g`tcrn`e
nmsnkmndnh`mtc. E`rkl pe`zl Cmhlmtr`r icmcdnhnls `anhnlm`ecs ac e` scp`r`hnøm ace g`tcrn`e.
Hlmsnacr`r ml utnenz`r e` dumhnøm ÿtne prng`rn` p`r` cvnt`r ce prliecg`.
Cmhlmtr`r um` dlrg` ac j`hcr dumhnlm`r `e snstcg` vnir`tlrnl snm ce snstcg` gltrnz.
Ducr` ac `eh`mhc
Cmhlmtr`r um` dlrg` ac litcmcr scp`r`hnøm ace g`tcrn`e snm utnenz`r ce
snstcg` vnir`tlrnl. Cmhlmtr`r icmcdnhnls `anhnlm`ecs ace snstcg` gltrnz. 98
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Cmhlmtr`r um` dlrg` p`r` icmcdnhn`rsc ac e` d`tnk` ace g`tcrn`e.
Ltrls
Cmhlmtr`r icmcdnhnls `anhnlm`ecs ace snstcg` vnir`tlrnl Hlmsnacr`r ltr`s `etcrm`tnv`s p`r` hlgpcms`r els rcsuet`als a`ðnmls quc lh`snlm`m e` d`tnk` ace g`tcrn`e.
8.8.9.- Enst`r nac`s prcengnm`rcs rcsnacmtcs I`s`a`s cm e`s acdnmnhnlmcs ace mugcr`e 9.9 Xc prcscmt`m e`s snkuncmtcs?
Ml cxnstc snstcg` vnir`tlrnl, cm su euk`r ce prlhcsl ac scp`r`hnøm el v` ` rc`enz`r ce `ku` ` `et`s prcsnlmcs.
Ce snstcg` vnir`tlrnl ac e` hrni` v` ` cst`r dlrg`al plr um gltlr ceîhtrnhl oumtl ` als g`s`s g`s`s acshcmtr` acshcmtr`a`s a`s sntu`als cm e` p`rtc supcrnlr supcrnlr l nmdcrnlr ac e` hrni`.
Ce snstcg` vnir`tlrnl ac e` hrni` v` ` cst`r dlrg`al plr um gltlr ceîhtrnhl oumtl ` um coc sntu`al sntu`al ac `hucral `e `e anscðl ce hu`e vv`` ` tcmcr g`s`s acshcmtr`a`ss e`s hu`ecs v`m ` kcmcr`r vnir`hnøm. acshcmtr`a` E` cstruhtur` prnmhnp`e acic scr anscð`a` p`r` placr slplrt`r els d`htlrcs a`ðnmls h`us`als plr e` vnir`hnøm.
E` cstruhtur` tncmc quc scr envn`m` pcrl rcsnstcmtc, `sç sc rcauhcm hlstls.
E` hrni` v` ` scr glaue`r p`r` quc ce hlstl sc` gcmlr.
Ce g`tcrn`e ac e` hrni` tncmc quc scr rcsnstcmtc ` e` hlrrlsnøm acinal ` quc su `gincmtc ac tr`i`ol v` ` scr cm ce cxtcrnlr, y tncmc quc scr rcsnstcmtc
` vnir`hnlmcs. Ce cmhcmanal ac e` hrni` v` ` hlmst`r ac um nmtcrruptlr ce hu`e v` `
prcmacre` y ` `p`k`re`. E`s g`ee`s tncmcm quc scr ac um g`tcrn`e rcsnstcmtc ` e` hlrrlsnøm y `e acsk`stc acinal `e rlz`gncmtl.
8.1.-ACX@YYLEE@Y HLMHCVQLX 8.1.0.- H@QCKLYN_@Y NAC@X VYNMHNV@ECX Ce snstcg` vnir`tlrnl lh`snlm` quc els g`tcrn`ecs d`eecm plr d`tnk`.
Ce acsk`stc ac e`s g`ee`s v` ` scr `hcecr`al acinal `e rlz`gncmtl hlm ce g`tcrn`e. 91
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
E`s g`s`s acshcmtr`a`s hlmtrle`m hlmtrle`m e` `gpentua ac vnir`hnøm ac e` hrni`.
E` cstruhtur` prnmhnp`e ac e` hrni` tncmc quc rcsnstnr els cdchtls a`ðnmls lh`snlm`als plr e`s vnir`hnlmcs.
8.1.9.- HLGINM@Y NAC@X HLM HLMHCVQLX @ugcmt`mal ce t`g`ðl ac els pcrdnecs cm c m e` cstruhtur` prnmhnp`e sc pucac
ansgnmunr ce cdchtl a`ðnml lh`snlm`al plr e`s vnir`hnlmcs, pcrl ac cst` g`mcr` ce hlstl ac hlmstruhhnøm `ugcmt`.
Ycanscð`mal e` cstruhtur` prnmhnp`e p`r` quc rcsnst` ` tlals els cdchtls a`ðnmls snm hlgprlgctcr ce snstcg` vnir`tlrnl y snm quc ce hlstl ac hlmstruhhnøm nmhrcgcmtc.
8.3.-XCECHHNØM 8.3.-XCECH HNØM AC E@ GCOLY @EQCYM@QNT @EQCYM@QNT@ @ 8.3.0.- CT@ES@Y YCXSEQ@ALX E` vnir`hnøm cs ce d`htlr prnmhnp`e quc v` ` `dcht`r `e rcstl ac snstcg`s ac e` hrni`, cs plr cstl quc sc tncmcm quc tlg`r cm hucmt` els snkuncmtcs p`ràgctrls ac nmkcmncrç` p`r` `sç placr cmhlmtr`r um` kuç` p`r` e` sleuhnøm lptng` ac e` g`qunm`rn`. V`ràgctrl # 01? Ycsnstcmhn` V`ràgctrl # 86? Cdchtls schuma`rnls a`ðnmls V`ràgctrl # 80? D`htlrcs a`ðnmls quc `htÿ`m slirc lioctls V`ràgctrl # 83? @a`pt`inena`a Xc v` ` rc`enz`r ce hruhc ac els p`ràgctrls 01, 86, 80, 83 cm hlginm`hnlmcs ac 01 hlm 86, 01 hlm 80, 01 hlm 83, 86 hlm 80, 86 hlm 83 y 80 hlm 83, p`r` `sç placr vcr ce l els prnmhnpnls ac @EQXJSEECY quc sc v`m ` utnenz`r. Hruhc ac els p`ràgctrls 01 hlm 86 Tncmal cm e` g`trnz ac hlmtr`anhhnlmcs ce hruhc ac cstls als p`ràgctrls mls anhc quc utnenhcgls hlgl els prnmhnpnls 0:, 83, 8; y 0.
Vrnmhnpnl 0:.- Tnir`hnøm Gchàmnh` @.- Lshne`r l vnir`r um lioct lioctl l
E` h`o` ac z`r`ma`s v` ` cst`r slgctna` ` vnir`hnlmcs, cs plr cstl quc sc acic cgpec`r `ekÿm ansplsntnvl p`r` cvnt`r quc cst`s sc tr`msgnt`m `e rcstl ac e` cstruhtur`, pcrl snm hlgprlgctcr cdnhncmhn` ac hrni`al. 93
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Ce gîtlal gàs sngpec p`r` rcauhnr e` vnir`hnøm cm e` cstruhtur` prnmhnp`e cs hlelh`r rcslrtcs l `glrtnku`alrcs ac h`uhjl, ac cst` g`mcr` e` h`o` ac z`r`ma`s plarà vnir`r enircgcmtc snm hlgprlgctcr ` quc e` cstruhtur` prnmhnp`e eeckuc ` d`ee`r plr cdchtl ac e` vnir`hnøm.
Vrnmhnpnl 83.- H`ginls ac p`ràgctrls y prlpnca`ac prlpnca`acss H.- H`gin`r ce kr`al ac decxninena`a
Stnenz`r `glrtnku`alrcs p`r` rcauhnr runal y vnir`hnlmcs. Ml cs `penh`iec utnenz`r `glrtnku`alrcs y` quc cstls ansgnmuycm cm um` kr`m p`rtc e`s vnir`hnlmcs rcqucrna`s p`r` quc sc hugpe` ce tr`i`ol ac hrni`al.
Vrnmhnpnl 8;.- Cxp`msnøm tîrgnh` Cstc prnmhnpnl ml cs `penh`iec, y` quc e` cxp`msnøm tcrg`e cm e` hrni` ml v` ` cxnstnr.
Vrnmhnpnl 0.- Xckgcmt`h Xckgcmt`hnøm nøm I.- J`hcr ` um lioctl glaue`r
Anvnancmal ce mÿgcrl ac mnvcecs quc sc mchcsnt`m cm e` hrni` j`hc quc ce hlstl ac d`irnh`hnøm ansgnmuy`, ac cst` g`mcr` sn e` pcrslm` rcquncrc ac g`ylr mÿgcrl ac Hrni`s cst` plarà nmhrcgcmt`r e`s g`ee`s quc acscc. Hruhc ac els p`ràgctrls 01 hlm 80 Tncmal cm e` g`trnz ac hlmtr`anhhnlmcs ce hruhc ac cstls als p`ràgctrls mls anhc quc utnenhcgls hlgl els prnmhnpnls 03, 83, 99 y 9.
Vrnmhnpnl 03.- Anm`gnsgl I.- Anvnanr um lioctl cm p`rtcs h`p`hcs ac tcmcr um glvngncmtl rce`tnvl ce uml ace ltrl
E` cstruhtur` prnmhnp`e ac e` hrni` sc v` ` anvnanr cm als p`rtcs, e` cstruhtur` slplrtc y e` cstruhtur` ac e` h`o` ac z`r`ma`s, hlm cstl placgls `ugcmt`r rcslrtcs p`r` quc ac cst` g`mcr` e` vnir`hnøm kcmcr`a` plr ce snstcg` vnir`tlrnl ml tcmk` hlmschucmhn`s a`ðnm`s ` tla` e` cstruhtur`. @e anvnanr e` cstruhtur` sc tncmc e` h`p`hna`a ac placr rc`enz`r `rrckels nmacpcmancmtcgcmtcc sn cs quc sc els eeck`r`m ` mchcsnt`r. nmacpcmancmtcgcmt Vrnmhnpnl
99.- Hlmvcrtnr a`ðnml cm icmcdnhnl
Cm cstc h`sl e`s vnir`hnlmcs a`ðnm`s ml sc pucacm `prlvchj`r, y` quc sn nmhrcgcmt`gls cstl tcmarç`gls quc rcanscð`r e` cstruhtur`. 94
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Vrnmhnpnl 9.- Ycglhnøm/Cxtr Ycglhnøm/Cxtr`hhnøm `hhnøm Cm um glacel pucac nr cm e` p`rtc supcrnlr ac e` hrni` oumtl hlm e`s g`s`s acshcmtr`a`s, cm ltrl glacel pucac nr ` um e`al ac e` hrni`, hlmcht`al acshcmtr`a`s, gcan`mtc plec`s l h`ra`mcs ` um coc hlm g`s`s acshcmtr`a`s. Vucac cgpec`rsc um gîtlal ac cxtr`hhnøm hlm `ku` ` `et` prcsnøm, ac cst` g`mcr` sc cvnt` uml ac els prnmhnp`ecs prliecg`s quc cmhlmtr`gls hlm els ltrls snstcg`s ac scp`r`hnøm quc utnenz`m vnir`hnøm. Hruhc ac els p`ràgctrls 01 hlm 83 Tncmal cm e` g`trnz ac hlmtr`anhhnlmcs ce hruhc ac cstls als p`ràgctrls mls anhc quc utnenhcgls hlgl els prnmhnpnls 83, 8, 89 y 4.
Vrnmhnpnl 8.- H`ena`a elh`e I.- J`hcr quc h`a` p`rtc ac um lioctl dumhnlmc cm e`s hlmanhnlmcs g`s `achu`a`s p`r` su lpcr`hnøm.
E`s g`ee`s tncmcm quc scr rcglvniecs p`r` `sç tcmcr um `hhcsl dàhne p`r` su g`mtcmngncmtl. Ce gltlr ceîhtrnhl tncmc quc cst`r sntu`al cm um` p`rtc `achu`a`, p`r` quc sn cstc sudrc `ekÿm acspcrdchtl, su cxtr`hhnøm c xtr`hhnøm sc` dàhne. E` cstruhtur` `e scr envn`m` sc e` pucac tr`msplrt`r hlm d`hnena`a.
Vrnmhnpnl 89.- H`ginl ac hlelr El ÿmnhl quc sc pucac j`hcr cm cstc h`sl cs e` utnenz`hnøm ac pnmtur` `mtnhlrrlsnv`. Vrnmhnpnl 4.-
Smnvcrs`ena`a
@.- J`hcr quc um lioctl lioctl cdchtÿc gÿetnpecs gÿetnpecs dumhnlmcs2 cengnm`r e` mchcsna`a ac ltr`s p`rtcs.
V`r` ml tcmcr quc utnenz`r um coc hlm g`s`s acshcmtr`a` acshcmtr`a`s, s, l um coc acshcmtr`al oumtls hlm um gltlr, el quc sc pucac j`h j`hcr cr cs quc ce gltlr dumhnlmcs dumhnlmcs hlgl snstcg` vnir`tlrnl, oumt`mal e`s g`s`s acshcmtr`a`s, acshcmtr`a`s, hlm ce coc prnmhnp`e ace gltlr. Hruhc ac els p`ràgctrls 86 hlm 80 Tncmal cm e` g`trnz ac hlmtr`anhhnlmcs quc ce hruhc ac cstls als p`ràgctrls cs um` h`snee` cm ie`mhl, cstl quncrc achnr quc e` umnøm ac cstls als p`ràgctrls ml cs `penh`iec cm ce QYN_. Hruhc ac els p`ràgctrls 86 hlm 83 Tncmal cm e` g`trnz ac hlmtr`anhhnlmcs ce hruhc ac cstls als p`ràgctrls mls anhc quc utnenhcgls hlgl els prnmhnpnls 83, 00, 89 y 80 9;
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Vrnmhnpnl 00.- @hlehj`gncmtl `mtnhnp`al @.- Vrcp`r`r Vrcp`r`r gcanls ac cgcrkc cgcrkcmhn` mhn` `mtnhnp`a` `mtnhnp`a`gcmtc gcmtc p`r` hlg hlgpcms`r pcms`r e` dn`inena`a rce`tnv`gcmtc rce`tnv`gcmtc i`o` ac um lioctl.
Cm e` hlmcxnøm cmtrc e` cstruhtur` prnmhnp`e y e` cstruhtur` ac e` hrni` sc acic plmcr hlonmctcs p`r` `sç cvnt`r a`ðls ` e` gàqunm` plr sn eeck`r`m ` d`ee`r els rcslrtcs.
Vrnmhnpnl 80.- Gcgir`m`s y g`tcrn`ecs plrlsls Els g`tcrn`ecs plrlsls ml sc pucacm `penh`r p`r` ce prlhcsl ac hrni`al acinal ` quc ce t`g`ðl ac e` `icrtur` quc sc mchcsnt` cs guy pcqucðl, plr cst` r`zøm sc utnenz`m g`ee`s gctàenh`s. Hruhc ac els p`ràgctrls 80 hlm 83 Tncmal cm e` g`trnz ac hlmtr`anhhnlmcs quc ce hruhc ac cstls als p`ràgctrls cs um` h`snee` cm ie`mhl, cstl quncrc achnr quc e` umnøm ac cstls als p`ràgctrls ml cs `penh`iec cm ce QYN_. Sm` vcz nacmtndnh`als tlals els prnmhnpnls, y hlm tla`s e`s nac`s pe`mtc`a`s, pe`mtc`a`s, sc vc quc ce anscðl øptngl ac e` hrni` v` ` scr?
Xnstcg` vnir`tlrnl uinh`al cm e` p`rtc nmdcrnlr ac e` h`o` ac z`r`ma`s
E` cstruhtur` prnmhnp`e v` ` scr ce slplrtc prnmhnp`e ac e` cstruhtur` ac e` z`r`ma`, umna`s plr gcanl ac rcslrtcs quc cm e`s pumt`s tncmcm hlonmctcs ac h`uhjl p`r` prcvcmnr a`ðls cm e` cstruhtur` hu`mal `ekuml l tlals els rcslrtcs d`eecm.
E` h`o` ac z`r`ma`s v` ` scr glaue`r, p`r` quc ac cst` ansgnmuy`m els
k`stls ac d`irnh`hnøm y ce hlstl tlt`e ac e` gàqunm`. E` g`qunm`rn` cm kcmcr`e v` ` scr pnmt`a` hlm pnmtur` `mtnhlrrlsnv`, p`r` quc `sç puca` rcsnstnr ce heng` h`gin`mtc.
8.3.9.- YCTCE@Y ^ VYCTCMNY D@EE@X VLQCMHN@ECX
D`tnk` ac e` cstruhtur` prnmhnp`e acinal ` e`s vnir`hnlmcs.
Yltur` ac rla`gncmtls acinal ` vnir`hnlmcs cxhcsnv`s.
Acsk`stc ràpnal ac e`s g`ee`s acinal ` e` hlrrlsnøm y vnir`hnlmcs.
D`tnk` ace rcstl ac hlgplmcmtcs ac e` hrni` acinal ` e`s vnir`hnlmcs. 9:
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Ce prliecg` prnmhnp`e cs ce cxhcsl ac vnir`hnlmcs, cstl sc hlgi`tc nmhrcgcmt`mal ce cspcslr ace g`tcrn`e l j`hncmal j `hncmal quc ce snstcg` vnir`tlrnl dumhnlmcs ` e` drchucmhn` hlrrcht`. V`r` j`hcr quc e` drchucmhn` sc` e` acsc`a`, sc tncmcm quc uinh`r hlrrcht`gcmtc e`s g`s`s acshcmtr`a`s, cstl sc rc`enz` gcan`mtc um` scrnc ac pruci`s hlm e` hrni` hlmstruna` y j`hncmal um` t`ie` ac els a`tls litcmnals. Ce nmhrcgcmtl ac cspcslr ace g`tcrn`e ml scrn` um` lphnøm, y` quc cstl nmhrcgcmt` els hlstls ac hlmstruhhnøm. E` d`tnk` cm ce snstcg` cstruhtur`e sc cvnt` anscð`mal hlrrcht`gcmtc ce snstcg` ac vnir`hnøm. Sm` vcz rc`enz`al um hlrrchtl anscðl ace snstcg` ac vnir`hnøm, ce rcstl ac plsniecs d`eels v`m ` cengnm`rsc. @jlr` quc sc tncmc he`rl hlgl nmdeuycm els p`ràgctrls ace QYN_ sc eeckl ` e`s snkuncmtcs hlmheusnlmcs ac høgl v` ` scr ce anscðl dnm`e ac e` gàqunm`.
Hrni` glaue`r, hlm su snstcg` gltrnz quc hlmsnstc ac als gltlvnir`alrcs
quc kcmcr`m e` vnir`hnøm mchcs`rn` p`r` rc`enz`r ce tr`i`ol ac hrni`al. Ycslrtcs ac tr`i`ol pcs`al quc `yua`m ` prcvcmnr ce ngp`htl plr e`s h`rk`s y vnir`hnlmcs a`ðnm`s.
E` cstruhtur` prnmhnp`e v` ` scr envn`m` y rcsnstcmtc
9>
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
E` gcolr `etcrm`tnv` scrn` cst` hrni`
86
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
ANXCÐL ^ H@EHSEL AC ELX VYNMHNV@ECX VYNMHNV@EC X CECGCMQLX AC E@ G@PSNM@
Ce ansc anscðl ðl ac ce cecg cgcm cmtl tlss ac um` um` gàqu gàqunm nm`` l cqun cqunpl pl nmau nmaust strn rn`e `e,, cs ce angcmsnlm`gncmtl `prlpn`al p`r` quc slplrtc hlm sckurna`a ce csducrzl gàxngl quc sc prlauhc cm su nmtcrnlr, hu`mal cstà slgctnal ` `ekum` hlginm`hnøm ac h`rk`.
Cst` p`rtc sc hlmvncrtc cm ltr` sntu`hnøm iàsnh` ace prlychtl quc snrvc p`r` acglstr`r acglstr`r e` rcsnstcmhn` rcsnstcmhn` ac els hlgplmcmtcs hlgplmcmtcs ac e` gàqunm` gàqunm`,, sc `m`enz` um` tclrç` e` hu`e scrà e` quc oustndnquc e` rcsnstcmhn` ace g`tcrn`e quc cstà slgctnal ` andcrcmtcs ducrz`s l p`rcs ac ducrz`s.
Cs ngplrt`mtc rc`enz`r e` `penh`hnøm ac els d`htlrcs ac anscðl, d`htlr ac sckurna`a, høankls, mlrg`s, hlmdn`inena`a y hlmheusnlmcs quc sc litcmk`m. 80
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
V@PSCQCX L VYLKY@G@X
[email protected]`r` um` g`ylr d`hnena`a cm els hàehuels quc sc acicm rc`enz`r p`r` ce anscðl ac els prnmhnp`ecs cecgcmtls ac e` gàqunm`, sc j` vnstl e` mchcsna`a ac rchurrnr `e anscðl plr hlgput`alr` utnenz`mal ce prlkr`g` ―@SQLACXB NMTCYQLY‗, `acgàs sc utnenzø cstc prlkr`g` p`r` e` ce`ilr`hnøm ac els pe`mls ac e` gàqunm`.
1.0.- ANGCMXNLMCX VYNMHNV@ECX AC HLGVLMCMQCX Angcmsnlmcs ac um` hrni` p`r` um` h`p`hna`a ac 866 g8 /aç`. Stnenz`mal Stnenz`mal e` rce`hnøm ac h`mtna`a p`s`mtc y ml p`s`mtc ac t`ie`s sc tncmc el snkuncmtc?
Hlm cst` t`ie` sc scechhnlm` e` h`mtna`a ac g`tcrn`e quc p`s` ` e` snkuncmtc g`ee` y e` h`mtna`a ac g`tcrn`e quc ml v` ` p`s`r, sckÿm els rcqucrngncmtls ace hencmtc, cm cstc h`sl p`r` um` g`ee` ac 0pek sc tncmc quc ce ;3% ace g`tcrn`e v` ` p`s`r y ce 93 % ace g`tcrn`e ml v` ` p`s`r. @sç placgls vcr um csqucg` glstr`al ` hlmtnmu`hnøm.
Sm` vcz scechhnlm`a` e` prngcr` g`ee` y e` h`mtna`a ac g`tcrn`e p`s`mtc y ml p`s`mtc sc vcm e`s hlmanhnlmcs ac tr`i`ol ac e` hrni`. V`r` cstc h`sl sc tncmc? 89
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Jugca`a 8% Dlrg` ac p`rtçhue`s? Hÿinh`s Xnm engnt`hnlmcs ac csp`hnl Hlm els a`tls snkuncmtcs sc rc`enz`m els hàehuels p`r` ce angcmsnlm`gncmtl ac e` hrni`.
Ce hàehuel p`r` actcrgnm`r ce àrc` ac hrni`al sc rc`enz` hlm e` snkuncmtc dørgue`. @h 7 (Q0*V)/(H*G*B*Pm) Chu`hnøm 1-0? Àrc` ac Hrni`al Almac? @h? Àrc`86 ac Hrni`al Q0? H`mtna`a ac g`tcrn`e `engcmt`al V? D`htlr quc sc hlmlhc s`incmal ce g`tcrn`e ` hrni`r H? D`htlr ac h`p`hna`a (g8 /j*g9) G? D`htlr ac rctnrl ac g`tcrn`e B? D`htlr rce`tnvl ` e` h`mtna`a ac g`tcrn`e ac `engcmt`hnøm gcmlr quc e` gnt`a ac e` `icrtur` mlgnm`e ac e` supcrdnhnc ac hrni`al Pm? D`htlr ac hlrrchhnøm Ce v`elr ac V v` ` acpcmacr ac e`s snkuncmtcs hlmsnacr`hnlmcs?
Qlg` ce v`elr ac 0.1, s`incmal hlm hcrtcz` quc sc hlmlhcm e`s gcana`s ace g`tcrn`e ` hrni`r.
Cm nmst`e`hnlmcs ac gnmcr`hnøm, almac e`s gcana`s ace g`tcrn`e y e` `icrtur` ac e` supcrdnhnc ac hrni`al slm i`st`mtc hlmlhna`s y hlmdn`iecs, plarà scr `alpt`al ce d`htlr V70. Cm nmst`e`hnlmcs ac `krck`als almac e` kr`muelgctrç`, `icrtur` ac e` g`ee` y h`p`hna`a, v`rç`m cm dumhnøm ac e` `penh`hnøm ace g`tcrn`e ` hrni`r, y sc rchlgncma`, hlgl k`r`mtç`, tlg`r d`htlrcs V50.
Cm cstc h`sl sc v` ` tlg`r e` sckuma` hlmsnacr`hnøm, almac V70. H788.3 Cstc v`elr sc litncmc ac e` t`ie` I cm ce dleectl ac hrni`s D@ËL V`r` um` g`ee` ac 0 88
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
D`htlr ac g`tcrn`e rctnr`al? G70 ac e` t`ie` h, vncmal ce plrhcmt`oc ac g`tcrn`e ml p`s`mtc, cm ce dleectl ac Hrni`s D@ËL. B70.0 ac e` t`ie` a, `sugncmal quc ce 13% p`s` plr e` `icrtur` mlgnm`e. D`htlr ac hlrrchhnøm? T`elrcs tlg`als ac e` t`ie` 3.68 P070‑G`ee` hu`ar`a` P970‑V`rtçhue` P970‑V`rt çhue` e`gnm`r P870‑Hrni`al P870‑Hrni`a l cm `ku` P170‑Jugca`a P170‑Jugca` a ace 8% P376.>‑Achb supcrnlr P376.>‑Achb P476.>‑G`ee` P476.>‑G` ee` tnpl cstàma`r hlm `icrtur` enirc ace 41% Pm7P0*P9*P8*P1*P3*P4 Chu`hnøm 1-9? D`htlr ac hlrrchhnøm Pm
Pm76.:0
Hlm tlals els d`htlrcs tcmcgls quc? @h70.94 g9 Sm` vcz litcmna` ce àrc` ac hrni`al sc h`ehue` ce e`rkl mlgnm`e, quc v` ` acpcmacr ace g`tcrn`e rctnr`al ml p`s`mtc.
Almac? [? e`rkl mlgnm`e ac e` hrni` Qd? H`mtna`a ac g`tcrn`e ml p`s`mtc X? D`htlr ac vcelhna`a ace g`tcrn`e quc sc litncmc cm e` t`ie` d ace dleectl ac Hrni`s D@ËL. A? Cspcslr cm e` cxtrcgna`a ac acsh`rk` quc sc pucac vcr cm e` t`ie` 3.60 ace dleectl ac hrni`s D@ËL X786 g/gnm ac e` t`ie` d ace g`mu`e ac hrni`s D@ËL. A7;4.9 ac e` t`ie` 3.60 ace g`mu`e ac hrni`s D@ËL. Qd7Q0*6.93 Qd7>.8;3 g8 /j Yccgpe`z`mal cm e` chu`hnøm 1.8 tlals els p`ràgctrls sc tncmc quc? [76.90: g 81
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Hlm els a`tls litcmnals acshrntls `mtcrnlrgcmtc sc tncmc ce t`g`ðl mlgnm`e ace prngcr mnvce, pcrl ce t`g`ðl dnm`e v` ` acpcmacr ace t`g`ðl hlgcrhn`e quc tcmk`m e`s g`ee`s. E` gcana` hlgcrhn`e ac e`s g`ee`s cs ac 0g ac `mhjl x e` elmkntua quc uml rcquncr`, y ce anscðl cst` i`s`al cm cst`s gcana`s y cm ce àrc` ac hrni`al h`ehue`a` `mtcrnlrgcmtc. Ce àrc` dnm`e ac els trcs mnvcecs v` ` scr ac 0.1g9, almac? E`rkl ac e` g`ee` 7 9 g @mhjl ac e` g`ee` 7 6.; g 1.9.- VLQCMHN@ AC CMQY@A@ E` `gpentua ac vnir`hnøm ac e` hrni` v` ` acpcmacr ac e` vcelhna`a ac knrl ace gltlr, y e` pltcmhn` v` ` cst`r rce`hnlm`a` prnmhnp`egcmtc hlm e` h`rk` quc e` hrni` v`y` ` glvcr. Cm cstc h`sl hlgl cs um` hrni` ac h`p`hna`a pcqucð`, ce gltlr ml mchcsnt` scr guy pltcmtc, el quc v` ` nmdeunr v` ` scr e` vcelhna`a ac knrl. Ce gltlr scechhnlm`al cs uml quc knr` ` >66 r.p.g y hlm um` pltcmhn` ac 3 J.p quc cs usu`egcmtc utnenz`al cm cstc c stc tnpl ac g`qunm`rn`s. 1.8.- ANXCÐL ACE XNXQCG@ XCV@Y@ALY ^` quc cs um snstcg` glaue`r, sc tncmc quc h`ehue`r ce prngcr mnvce, ce huàe v` ` tcmcr e` h`rk` nmnhn`e ace g`tcrn`e. Ce pcsl ac e` h`rk` p`r` cstc mnvce v` ` cst`r a`al plr ce vleugcm tlt`e ace prngcr mnvce, ce hu`e sc v` ` tlg`r hlm e`s gcana`s ac e`rkl, `mhjl y `etur` ace prngcr mnvce. Ce vleugcm h`ehue`al p`r` cstc h`sl cs ac? v76.08g8 E` acmsna`a ace g`tcrn`e ` hrni`r cs? a70366 Bk/g8 V`r` h`ehue`r ce pcsl tlt`e sc utnenz` e` snkuncmtc dørgue`? a7g/v Chu`hnøm 1-1? Acmsna`a.
Yccgpe`z`mal els a`tls cm e` Ch (1.1) sc litncmc? g7 0>3 Bk 83
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
[7 0>36 M
Nmdlrgc ac `màensns ac tcmsnøm
@rhjnvl `m`enz`al?
VYNGCY VNXL.n`g
Tcrsnøm ac @utlacsb Nmvcmtlr?
9608 (Iunea 0;608:66 0;608:666, 6, 08:)
Dchj` ac hrc`hnøm?
9;/00/9609, 6:?94 `.g.
@utlr ac e` sngue`hnøm?
[NEIICECY
Ycsugcm?
Nmdlrg`hnøm ac prlychtl (nVrlpcrtncs) (nVrlpcrtncs) Ycsugcm
@utlr [NEIICECY
Vrlychtl 84
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
M¿ ac pncz`
VYNGCY VNXL
Anscð`alr
[NEIICECY
Hlstc
$i 6,66
Dchj` ac hrc`hnøm
0>/00/9609
Cst`al
Cst`all ace an Cst`a anscðl scðl Qr`i` Qr`i`ol ol cm hu hursl rsl
Vrlpnca`acs dçsnh`s
G`s`
::,1;10 bk
Àrc`
9;>0:;6 g gg]9 g]9
Tleugcm
0093496 009349666 gg]8
Hcmtrl ac kr`vca`a
x7836 gg y7>>>,91: gg z7-8,:>49: gg
Mlt`? els v`elrcs dçsnhls pucacm scr andcrcmtcs ac els v`elrcs dçsnhls utnenz`als plr HCD nmanh`als ` hlmtnmu`hnøm.
Xngue`hnøm?0 Lioctnvl kcmcr`e y hlmdnkur`hnøm?
Lioctnvl ace anscðl
Vumtl ÿmnhl
Qnpl ac sngue`hnøm
@màensns cstàtnhl
Dchj` ac e` ÿetng` glandnh`hnøm
9;/00/9609, 6:?91 `.g.
Actcht Act cht`r `r y cen cengnm gnm`r `r g glal lalss ac hucr hucrpl pl rrçkna çknall Ml Xcp`r`rr tcmsnlmc Xcp`r` tcmsnlmcss cm supcrd supcrdnhncs nhncs ac hlm hlmt`htl t`htl Ml @màensns ac h`rk`s ac glvngncmtl
Ml
Hlmdnkur`hnøm ac g`ee`? 8;
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Q`g`ðl gcanl ac cecgcmtl (dr`hhnøm ace anàgctrl ace glacel)
6,0
Q` Q`g` g`ðl ðl gç gçmn mngl gl ac ce cecg cgcm cmtl tl (dr` (dr`hh hhnø nømm aace ce t` t`g` g`ðl ðl gca canl nl))
6,9 6,9
D`htlr ac glandnh`hnøm
0,3
Àmkuel gàxngl ac knrl
46 kr
Hrc`r cecgcmtls ac g`ee` hurv`
Ml
Ss`r Ss`r gc gcan ana` a` i` i`s` s`a` a` cm pn pncz cz`` pp`r `r`` ee`` g g`e `ee` e` ace ccms ms`g `gie ie`o `occ
Xç
G`tcrn`e(cs) Mlgirc
Kcmcr`e
Kcmîrnhl Acmsna`a ac g`s`
0 k/hg]8
Eçgntc ac ce`stnhna`a
6 GV`
Ycsnstcmhn` Ycsnst cmhn` g gàxng` àxng` ` tr`hh tr`hhnøm nøm 6 GV`
Qcmsnøm
Qcmsnøm tîrgnh`
Gøauel ac ^lumk
6,6666660 KV`
Hlcdnhncmtc ac Vlnsslm
6 su
Gøauel hlrt`mtc
6,66666663 KV`
Hlcdnh nhnncmtc mtc aacc cx cxp`msn msnøm
6,6666660 ssuu/h
Hlmauhtnvna`a tîrgnh`
6,660 [/( g B )
H`elr cspchçdnhl
066 O/( bk h )
Mlgirc(s) ac pncz`
CXPSCECQL VYNGCY VNXL.npt Xbcectlm6660.npt
Mlgirc
@hcrl, su`vc
Kcmcr`e
Acmsna`a ac g`s`
;,:4 k/hg]8
Eçgntc ac ce`stnhna`a
96; GV`
Ycsnstcmhn` Ycsnst cmhn` gà gàxng` xng` ` tr`h tr`hhnøm hnøm 813 GV GV`` Qcmsnøm
Gøauel ac ^lumk
996 KV`
8:
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Qcmsnøm tîrgnh`
Hlcdnhncmtc ac Vlnsslm
6,9;3 su
Gøauel hlrt`mtc
:4,9;13 KV`
Hlcdnh nhnncmtc mtc ac cx cxpp`msn msnøm
6,666609 su/ u/hh
Hlmauhtnvna`a tîrgnh`
34 [/( g B )
H`elr cspchçdnhl
146 O/( bk h )
@MXN H 3x> 66666660 66666660 @MXN H 3x> 66666669 66666669 @MXN H 3x> 66666668 66666668 @MXN H 3x> 66666661 66666661 Mlgirc(s) ac pncz` @MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 9,3 x 0\1 666 66666663 66663 @MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 9,3 x 0\1 666 66666664 66664 @MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 9,3 x 0\1 666 6666666; 6666; @MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 9,3 x 0\1 666 6666666: 6666:
Hlmanhnlmcs ac dumhnlm`gncmt dumhnlm`gncmtl l Ducrz`?0
Qnpll ac h` Qnp h`rk` rk` Duc Ducrz` rz` G`kmntua
0;:8:.666 M
Tchtlr Z
6.666 M
Tchtlr ^
>88.34> M
Tchtlr _
-0;:08.331 M
H`r`(s) scechhnlm`a`(s)
8>
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Ycstrnhhnøm dno`?0
Qnpl ac rcstrnhhnøm
Ycstrnhhnøm dno`
H`r`(s) scechhnlm`a`(s)
16
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Hlmt`htls (Dno`al)
Ml Mlgi girc rc Mlgi Mlgirc rc(s (s)) ac ppnc ncz` z` Dno`al?0
\Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666669?0
Dno`al?9
\Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666668?0
Dno`al?8
\Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666668?0
Dno`al Dno`al?1 ?1 \Hlra \Hlraøm øm ac slea`a slea`aur` ur`?0 ?0 10
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666668?0 Dno`al?3
\Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666668?0 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0
Dno`al?4 Dr`gc6660?0/@ Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN MXN H 3x> 66666668?0 Dno`al?;
\Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666669?0
Dno`al?:
\Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666661?0
Dno`al?>
\Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666661?0
Dno`al?0 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 6 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666661?0 Dno`al?0 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666661?0 Dno`al?0 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 9 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666661?0 Dno`al?0 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 8 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666660?0 Dno`al?0 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 1 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666663?0 Dno`al?0 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 3
Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666663?0
Dno`al?0 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 4 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666663?0 Dno`al?0 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 ; Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666660?0 Dno`al?0 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 : Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666:?0 Dno`al?0 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 > Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666:?0
19
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Dno`al?9 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 6 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666:?0 Dno`al?9 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666660?0 Dno`al?9 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 9 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666;?0 Dno`al?9 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 8 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666;?0 Dno`al?9 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 1 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666;?0 Dno`al?9 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 3 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666660?0 Dno`al?9 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 4 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666664?0 Dno`al?9 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 ; Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666664?0 Dno`al?9 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 : Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666664?0 Dno`al?9 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 > Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666669?0 Dno`al?8 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 6 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666:?0 Dno`al?8 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666669?0 Dno`al?8 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 9 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666663?0 Dno`al?8 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 8 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666669?0 Dno`al?8 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 1 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666664?0 Dno`al?8 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 3 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666669?0 Dno`al Dno`al?8 ?8 \Hlra \Hlraøm øm ac slea`a slea`aur` ur`?0 ?0 18
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
4
Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666;?0
Dno`al?8 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 ; Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666669?0 Dno`al?8 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 :
Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666668?0
Dno`al?8 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 > Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666669?0 Dno`al?1 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 6 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666661?0 Dno`al?1 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666660?0 Dno`al?1 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 9 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666668?0 Dno`al?1 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 8 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666660?0 Dno`al?1 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 1 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666663?0 Dno`al?1 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 3 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666660?0 Dno`al?1 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 4 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666:?0 Dno`al?1 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 ;
Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666660?0
Dno`al?1 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 : Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666661?0 Dno`al?1 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 > Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666660?0 Dno`al?3 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 6 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666;?0 Dno`al?3 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666660?0
11
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Dno`al?3 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 9 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666664?0 Dno`al?3 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 8 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666669?0 Dno`al?3 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 1 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666:?0 Dno`al?3 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 3 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666:?0 Dno`al?3 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 4 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666:?0 Dno`al?3 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 ; Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666669?0 Dno`al?3 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 : Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666663?0 Dno`al?3 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 > Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666663?0 Dno`al?4 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 6 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666663?0 Dno`al?4 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666669?0 Dno`al?4 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 9 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666664?0 Dno`al?4 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 8 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666664?0 Dno`al?4 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 1 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666664?0 Dno`al?4 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 3 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666669?0 Dno`al?4 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 4 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666;?0 Dno`al?4 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 ; Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666;?0 Dno`al Dno`al?4 ?4 \Hlra \Hlraøm øm ac slea`a slea`aur` ur`?0 ?0 13
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
:
Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666;?0
Dno`al?4 \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 > Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666660?0 Dno`al?; \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 6
Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666668?0
Dno`al?; \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666668?0 Dno`al?; \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 9 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666668?0 Dno`al?; \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 8 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666668?0 Dno`al?; \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 1 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666668?0 Dno`al?; \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 3 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666660?0 Dno`al?; \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 4 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666661?0 Dno`al?; \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 ; Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666661?0 Dno`al?; \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 : Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666661?0 Dno`al?; \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 > Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666661?0 Dno`al?: \Hlraøm ac slea`aur`?0 6 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666661?0 Dno`al?: Dr`gc6660?0/@ Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN MXN H 3x> 66666660?0 0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666668?0 Dno`al?: Dr`gc6660?0/@ Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN MXN H 3x> 66666660?0 9 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666661?0 Dno`al?: Dr`gc6660?0/@ Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN MXN H 3x> 66666660?0 8 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666663?0
14
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Dno`al?: Dr`gc6660?0/@ Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN MXN H 3x> 66666660?0 1 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666664?0 Dno`al?: Dr`gc6660?0/@ Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN MXN H 3x> 66666660?0 3 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666;?0 Dno`al?: Dr`gc6660?0/@ Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN MXN H 3x> 66666660?0 4 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666:?0 Dno`al?: Dr`gc6660?0/@ Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN MXN H 3x> 66666669?0 ; Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666668?0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN MXN H 3x> 66666669?0 Dno`al?: Dr`gc6660?0/@ : Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN Dr`gc6660?0/@ MXN H 3x> 66666661?0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN MXN H 3x> 66666669?0 Dno`al?: Dr`gc6660?0/@ > Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666663?0 Dno`al?> Dr`gc6660?0/@ Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN MXN H 3x> 66666669?0 6 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 66666664?0 Dno`al?> Dr`gc6660?0/@ Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN MXN H 3x> 66666669?0 0 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666;?0 Dno`al?> Dr`gc6660?0/@ Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN MXN H 3x> 66666669?0 9 Dr`gc6660?0/@MXN E 9,3 x 9,3 x 0\1 6666666:?0
Ycsuet`als Ducrz` y p`rcs ac rc rc`hhnøm `hhnøm cm rrcstrnhhnlmcs cstrnhhnlmcs Mlgirc ac e` rcstrnhhnøm
Ducrz` ac rc`hhnøm
V`rcs ac rc`hhnøm
G`kmntua G`km ntua Hlgplmcm Hlgplmcmtc tc (Z,^,_) (Z,^,_) G`kmntua G`kmntua Hlgplmcmt Hlgplmcmtc c (Z,^,_) (Z,^,_)
6M Ycstrnhhnøm dno`?0
0;:8: M
6Mg
->88,34> M
6Mg
0;:08,4 M
6Mg
Ycsugcm ac rcsuet`als Mlgirc
Gçmngl
Tleugcm
00934966 gg]8
G`s`
::,1;10 bk
6Mg
Gàxngl
1;
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Qcmsnøm ac Tlm Gnscs
6,60>6:8: GV`
86,60;3 GV`
Vrngcr` tcmsnøm prnmhnp`e
-9,98:3 GV`
04,33; GV`
Qcrhcr` tcmsnøm prnmhnp`e
-9:,:1;> GV`
0,:641; GV`
Acspe`z`gncmtl
6 gg
6,901664 gg
Hlcdnhncmtc ac sckurna`a
4,:>3>: su
03 su
Qcmsnøm ZZ
-94,3014 GV`
03,66;1 GV`
Qcmsnøm Z^
-08,69>: GV`
08,>988 GV`
Qcmsnøm Z_
-09,:3:9 GV`
09,:1:4 GV`
Qcmsnøm ^^
-3,:3614 GV`
3,8:84: GV`
Qcmsnøm ^_
-8,0;8:3 GV`
9,:39;1 GV`
Qcmsnøm __
-;,46;30 GV`
1,4;:: GV`
Acspe`z`gncmtl Z
-6,66>>;68: gg
6,66>;9:83 gg
Acspe`z`gncmtl ^
-6,08;64: gg
6,68>8433 gg
Acspe`z`gncmtl _
-6,906;;9 gg
6,66336:8 gg
Acdl Acdlrg rg`h `hnø nømm cq cqun unv` v`ec ecmt mtcc
6, 6,66 6666 6666 666; 6;>3 >33> 3> su 6, 6,66 6660 600; 0;30 3011 su
Vrngcr` acdlrg`hnøm prnmhnp`e
-6,6 -6,66666 666604:> 04:>;3 ;3 su 6,66 6,6666>6 66>6:06 :0644 su
Qc Qcrh rhcr` cr` aacd cdlr lrg` g`hn hnøm øm pr prnmh nmhnp np`e `e -6 -6,6 ,666 6608 0863 63>: >: ssuu
6,66 6,6666 6669 6900 00>9 >944 su
Acdlrg`hnøm ZZ
-6,6660941>0 su
6,666643:;84 su
Acdlrg`hnøm Z^
-6,6666;33083 su 6,6666:64>0: su
Acdlrg`hnøm Z_
-6,6666;130>1 su 6,6666;1148; su
Acdlrg`hnøm ^^
-6,66669;>;83 su 6,6666308>3 su
Acdlrg`hnøm ^_
-6,66660:8>8> su 6,666604389> su
Acdlrg`hnøm __
-6,666696:661 su 6,666619360: su 1:
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Vrcsnøm ac hlmt`htl
6 GV`
06:,809 GV`
Vrcsnøm ac hlmt`htl Z
-:6,9::1 GV`
;;,9;0 GV`
Vrcsnøm ac hlmt`htl ^
-09,>9>3 GV`
83,>4>: GV`
Vrcsnøm ac hlmt`htl _
-;8,60:1 GV`
98,:410 GV`
Dnkur`s Qcmsnøm ac Tlm Gnscs
Qcmsnøm ZZ
1>
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Qcmsnøm Z^
Qcmsnøm Z_ 36
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Qcmsnøm ^^
Qcmsnøm ^_ 30
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Qcmsnøm __
39
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
38
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
1.1.- @M@ENXNX AC TNIY@HNLMCX Cm cstc `màensns sc v`m ` cmhlmtr`r e`s h`rk`s quc `htÿ`m hu`mal e`s g`s`s acsi`e`mhc`a`s acsi`e`mhc` a`s cgpncz`m ` dumhnlm`r, e`s hu`ecs v`m ` scr tr`msgntna`s j`st` e` cstruhtur` prnmhnp`e quc slplrt` e` hrni` vnir`tlrn`. V`r` cgpcz`r sc tncmc quc s`icr hu`e v` ` scr e` vcelhna`a ac knrl ac els gltlrcs, hu`mtl v`m ` pcs`r e`s g`s`s acsi`e`mhc` acsi`e`mhc`a`s a`s y quc tnpl ac rcslrtcs sc v`m ` utnenz`r. H`ic rch`eh`r quc cstc anscðl tncmc als gltlvnir`alrcs quc v`m ` knr`r cm anrchhnlmcs lpucst`s, p`r` quc ac cst` g`mcr` cstc scmtnal hlmtr`rnl ac knrl cengnmc e`s h`rk`s e`tcr`ecs quc v`m ` cxnstnr y sc j`k` g`s scmhneel ce `màensns
Almac? Tg? Tcelhna`a ac knrl ace gltlr. Gh? G`s` tlt`e ac e` hrni` vnir`tlrn`. Gr? G`s` tlt`e ace g`tcrn`e pîtrcl ` scr hrni`al. J? @etur` ac els rcslrtcs acdlrg`als hlm e` h`rk` nmnhn`e. Ac? Anàgctrl cxtcrml ace rcslrtc. A`? Anàgctrl ace `e`girc ace rcslrtc. r cslrtc. Mc? Mugcrl ac cspnr`ecs ace rcslrtc. gl. Vcsl ac e`s g`s`s acsi`e`mhc`a`s. Sm` vcz nacmtndnh`als els p`ràgctrls ` utnenz`r acmtrl ace hàehuel ac e`s ducrz`s quc `htÿ`m acinal ` e`s vnir`hnlmcs, sc h`ehue` el snkuncmtc?
31
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
Almac? B? Hlmst`mtc8; ace rcslrtc. K? Glauel ac ce`stnhna`a p`r` ce hlrt`mtc cm els rcslrtcs y cs (K7;>.8x06> V`).
Sm` vcz h`ehue`a` e` hlmst`mtc ace rcslrtc, sc h`ehue` ce acspe`z`gncmtl quc v` ` tcmcr um rcslrtc gcan`mtc e` snkuncmtc dlrgue`? Z7D/B*1 Chu`hnøm 1-8>? Acspe`z`gncmtl ace rcslrtc acinal ` e` h`rk` cstàtnh`.
Almac? Z? Acspe`z`gncmtl ace rcslrtc acinal ` e` h`rk` cstàtnh`. D? Ducrz`s cstàtnh`s quc `htÿ`m slirc ce rcslrtc.
Ce hàehuel ac e`s drchucmhn`s m`tur`ecs cs ngplrt`mtc cm cst` ct`p`, y` quc sc tncmc quc hlgprli`r quc mnmkum` ac e`s drchucmhn`s, `sç sc` hlm h`rk` l snm h`rk`, cmtrcm cm rcslm`mhn`. Drchucmhn` m`tur`e hlm h`rk`
Chu`hnøm 1-16? Drchucmhn` m`tur`e hlm h`rk`
Drchucmhn` m`tur`e snm h`rk`
Chu`hnøm 1-10? Drchucmhn` m`tur`e snm h`rk`
E` drchucmhn` ac lpcr`hnøm quc kcmcr` ce gltlr cs ac 03 *0/s, y hlgp`r`mal hlm e`s drchucmhn`s h`ehue`a`s hlm h`rk` y snm h`rk` sc pucac vcr quc ce 33
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
plrhcmt`oc quc e`s scp`r` cs g`ylr ace 96%, cstl quncrc achnr quc ml v`m ` cmtr`r cm rcslm`mhn`. V`r` ce hàehuel ac e` `gpentua sc tncmc e` snkuncmtc dørgue`?
Chu`hnøm 1-19? @gpentua quc kcmcr` ce acsi`e`mhc
Almac x v` ` scr e` `gpentua cm gctrls quc kcmcr`m e`s g`s`s acsi`e`mhc`a`s. E`s h`rk`s quc cstàm `penh`a`s slirc ce rcstl rc stl ac e` hrni` v`m ` scr?
Hlgl sc liscrv` cm els rcsuet`als, e`s h`rk`s ac vnir`hnøm ml v`m ` scr ac guhj` hlmsnacr`hnøm. El quc quncrcm achnr els rcsuet`als cs, quc p`r` glvcr um` `gpentua ac 0,9 gg, hlm e` hrni` h`rk`a` y enst` p`r` tr`i`o`r, sc mchcsnt`m 01.: M `p`rtc ac e` h`rk` y` pucst`, y e` h`rk` e`tcr`e quc v` ` cxnstnr v` ` scr ac 3,3 M. Cst` h`rk` e`tcr`e v` ` kcmcr`r um acspe`z`gncmtl cm ce coc jlrnzlmt`e ac hllracm`a`s, y cst` cs?
34
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
1.3.- XNQCG@ AC @ENGCMQ@HNLM AC @KS@
3;
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
3:
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
3>
G@PSNM@ HYNI@ALY@
46
