Diseño de Cimentaciones para Puentes

 

NIPGÔK NG @IBGO^D@IKOGP QDVD QWGO^ QWGO^GP GP

 

ED@WC^ D@WC^DN DN NG N G IOJGOIGVID IOJ GOIGVID GP@WGCD D@DNÉBI@K QVKEGPIKODC NG IOJGOIGVID @IUIC ^GBD8 NIPGÔK NG @IBGO^D@IKOGP QDVD QDVD QWGO^GP

IO^GJVDO^GP8 FDV@K @ÐVNKUD GNZIO DCGHDONVK JWGVVGVK JIV Ð O YWVI YWVI CIPBGVY CIPBGVY HWÄVGX QDCD@IKP ZDC^GV CIXDOK ^KCGO^IOK ^KCGO^I OK PDVI^D PÄ O@MGX U C@MGX C@MGX DOJIG U C@MGX C@MGX PICUD LGUIO HWOIKV 

DPGPKV8 Bj.Ioj, @MDO MGVGNID BIJWGC @WVPK QWGO^GP Y KFVDP NG DV^G QIWVD ‐ QGV Ø

6

6164  

@IBGO^D@IÐO @IBGO^D@IÐO NG WO QWGO^G Go gstg dpdrtdnk sg nd ng cdssg`ibgotd`ikogs ng cds picds ngc pugotg y ng cks gstrifks go `dsk ng sgr `ugotd og`gsdriks, pgrbitg gs`kjgr gotrg nivgrsds tipkckjâds ng `ibgotd`iðo y bgnidotg uod sgrig ng ndtks fäsi`ks eä`icgs ng gstibdr k tkbdr ngc  prkyg`tk `kostru`tivk sg gvdcød cd og`gsindn ng bgninds ng prktg``iðo `kcg`tivds  pdrd cds `ibgotd`ikogs d `kostruir. `kostruir.

0

 

@IBGO^D@IKOGP PWQGVEI@IDCGP Gstk sg nd `udonk gc ngspcdotg ok gx`gnd nks d trgs vg`gs gc do`mk ngc `ibigotk, cks tipks bäs erg`ugotgs sko zdpdtds discdnds, zdpdtds `krrinds y cksds ng `ibgotd`iðo. Go cds vâds tgrrgstrgs, cds zdpdtds discdnds sko `udnrdnds k rg`tdojucdrgs y `dsi sigbprg ng `ko`rgtk, gc kfhgtivk fäsi`k gs dbpcidr gc ärgd ng dpkyk ng uo gcgbgotk gstru`turdc. ng `ibgotd`iðo su usk `udonk gc ärgd ng cds zdpdtds discdnds sgd Cds bäscksds ngc 71% ngc ärgd tktdcsko ng tdrnð `ibgotd`iðo

>

 

 @IBGO^D@IKOGP

QVKEWONDP Gstg tipk ng `ibgotd`ikogs gs buy `kbøo go cujdrgs nkong cd `kostru``iðo ng `ibgotd`iðo mdyd `krrigotgs. Dngbäs qug gc ecuhk ng djud niei`uctd cd `kostru``iðo ng uod `ibgotd`iðo supgrei`idc, pkr gstd rdzðo  prgvioigonk uod pérnind g`koðbi`d gstg tipk ng `ibgotd`ikogs ndo uod vgotdhd g`koðbi`d. Dngbäs sko gbpcgdnds `udonk gc tgrrgok ng `ibgotd`iðo gs fcdonk y pk`k rgsistgotg ycd gstru`turd d dpkydr go éc, gs  pgsdnd y sg rg`urrgo d `ibgotd`ikogs qug sgdo prkeuonds pdrd qug dc`do`go uo gstrdtk ngc sugck bäs eirbg

7

 

^IQKP NG @IBGO^D@IKOGP QVKEWONDP8 •

•

•

Qicktgs.-gcgbgotks buy gsfgctks `ko sg``ikogs trdosvgrsdcgs ng 1.0 d 4b ng ekrbd `udnrdnd, `ir`ucdr y pkciénri`d. Gc bdtgridc qug cks ekrbd  pugng sgr bdnrgd `ko`rgtk `ko`rgtk y d`grk Gcgbgotks `ko gotrg sg``iðo Qicds.trdosvgrsdcgs `kbprgoninds 4 y 6b, ccgods, vdrids ekrbds y `kostruinks `ko bdtgridcgs tdcgs `kbk bdbpkstgrâd y `ko`rgtk. (Duoqug sugcgo `koeuonircks `ko cks dpkyks iotgrbgniks ng cks  pugotgs) gcgbgotks ng bdykrgs @icionrks.-Pko nibgosikogs, qug ks`icdo gotrg 0 y 5b, sigbprg sko mug`ks pdrd dmkrrk ng bdtgridc y pgsk, `ko uo tdpðo go su puotd. Pg md`go sigbprg ng `ko`rgtk

5

 

JGOGVDCINDNGP

Cks Qicktgs sg usdo `kbk gcgbgotks ng `ibgotd`iðo `udonk sg rgquigrg8 •

•

•

•

•

d) ^rdosegrir `drjds d trdvés ng djud k sugcks sudvgs duo gstrdtk rgsistgotg F) Bdotgogr uod `ibgotd`iðo d trdvés ng cd  prkeuonindn ng sk`dvd`iðo, dsgjuräonkcd go `dsk ng qug gc sugck sgd grksikodnk @) Vgsistir eugrzds mkrizkotdcgs k io`ciodnds N) Qrktgjgr gstru`turds go djud ng ibpd`tks ng  fdr`ks k ng kfhgtks ecktdotgs I) Do`cdr cds gstru`turds suhgtds d tgosiðo ngfink ngfin k d geg`tks minrkstäti`ks k bkbgotks vkctgdotgs.

:

 

JGOGVDCINDNGP Cds Qicds sg usdo `kbk rgsistir bigbfrks suhgtks d `kbprgsiðo, pugngo bkbgotks ecgxikodotgs y sg usdo pkr cds sijuigotgs vgotdhds8 d)Pg pugngo ccgvdr d `dfk d trdvés ng sugcks qug ok rgdcizdr gc mio`dnk ng picktgs F)Ok prknu`g cgvdotdbigotk k vifrd`iðo ngc sugck, `kbk go gc `dsk ng picktgs @)Ok gxistg prkfcgbd ng ngsvid`iðo

•

, sko Cksdpkyk @icionrks k `dhkogs go ng pugotgs skfrg râksgbpcgdnks k cdjks, `kostru``iðo ng bugccgs dtrd`dnkrgs k rkbpigotgs ng djuds. Pu gbpcgk gs bäs rgstriojink d jrdongs trdfdhks ng `ibgotd`iðo ngfink d su `kstk ng `kostru``iðo

N)Gc gquipk usdnk go `kostru``iðo gs bðvic y cijgrk.

=

 

XDQD^DP •

Cds zdpdtds sko gcgbgotks ng `ibgotd`iðo qug sg dpkydo nirg`tdbgotg dskfrg gc tgrrgok, jgogrdcbgotg uod prkeuonindn rgnu`ind y ng ekrbd vdridfcg  pgrk prgegrgotgbgotg `udnrdnd, rg`tdojucdr k cks `ir`ucdr. Go ok cd bdykr pdrtg ng `dsks, pkr ng`ir prä`ti`dbgotg go tknks, sg rgdcizdo go mkrbijðo drbdnk. 9

 

GC QVK@GPK @KOP^VW@^IUK @KOP^D NG CKP PIJWIGO^GP QDPKP8 Qrgpdrd`iðo ng cd pcdtdekrbd ng trdfdhk8

•

Qdrd gcck sg md ng `kosgjuir uod supgrei`ig ng trdfdhk uoiekrbg y rgjucdr.

Gx`dvd`iðo8 •

Jgogrdcbgotg cds zdpdtds sg `kck`do d pk`d prkeuonindn pgrk mdy qug dsgjurdr go tknks cks `dsks cd gstdficindn ng cks tdcungs.

Ghg`u`iðo ng cd `dpd ng cibpigzd8 •

 Okrbdcbgotg sg rgdcizd vgrtigonk nirg`tdbgotg nirg`tdbgotg uo gspgskr rgnu`ink rgnu`ink ng mkrbijðo mkrbijðo ng fdhd `dcindn. `dcindn.

@kck`d`iðo ngc go`kerdnk8 •

Pi gc tgrrgok gsng suei`igotgbgotg gstdfcg  sg pugng mkrbijkodr `kotrd éc, si ok sg pugng `kck`dr go`kerdnks, mdfitudcbgotg bdngrd k bgtäci`ks. @kck`d`iðo ng cds drbdnurds8 Gc d`grk ng cds drbdnurds pugng ccgjdr yd bkotdnk d cd kfrd k `kck`drsg io situ

•

41

 

@IBGO^D@IKOGP GO @KONI@IKOGP GPQG@IDCGP •

Ng bdogrd bäs k bgoks mdfitudc gs `kbøo qug go gc pdsk ng cks pugotgs go râks k go `dsks gspg`idcgs sgd og`gsdrid cd dnkp`iðo ng bgninds gspg`idcgs pdrd cd `kostru``iðo ng cds `ibgotd`ikogs ng cds picds ng cks pugotgs. D `kooud`iðo sg ngs`rifiräo skbgrdbgotg dcjuods ng cds d`tud`ikogs qug bäs mdfitudcbgotg sg mdo ng rgdcizdr pdrd cd `kostru``iðo `kostru``iðo ng cds `ibgotd`ikogs.

Vg`iotks gstdo`ks

Pu ghg`u`iðo `kosistg go discdr ngc djud uod zkod ngtgrbiodnd nkong sg vd d situdr cd `ibgotd`iðo ng dcjuod picd, jgogrdcbgotg jgogrdcbgo tg go gc ekonk ng uo râk, frdzk ng bdr k cdjk, gt`.

Qicktgs ng jrdo niäbgtrk

Gcgbgotks pkrtdotgs

D vg`gs gs og`gsdrid cd rgdcizd`iðo ng picktgs ng

Pko picktgs ng jrdongs nibgosikogs qug sg

jrdongs niäbgtrks gx`dvdnks d prkeuonindngs `kosingrdfcgs qug pugndo djudotdr bdykr oøbgrk ng `drjds y oks pgrbitdo nistdo`idr cks dpkyks ngc pugotg.

`kostruygo `ko cd té`oi`d pdrd cdPg `kostru``iðo ng burks pdotdccd. ghg`utdo pkr fdtd`mgs rgdcgsizäonksg uods juâds go cd supgr`ig pdrd qug cd gx`dvd`iðo gx`dvd `iðo ngcd `u`mdrd sgd rg`td. Pg pugngo rgdcizdr buy nivgrsds ekrbds sgjøo gc tgrrgok ck rgquigrd.

@dhkogs

Pkcdbgotg sg pugng rgdcizdr go tgrrgoks fcdonks. Cks `dhkogs ng dirg `kbpribink surjigrko dc go`kotrdrsg `ko tgrrgoks d gx`dvdr buy pgrbgdfcgs k khks ngfink dc pksifcg siekodbigotk.

44

 

GHGV@I@IK •

Go dcjuods k`dsikogs cd prgsiðo bäxibd dc`dozdnd gs bdykr qug gc vdckr ng skpkrtg pdrd ok tgogr uo burk `ko uod  fdsg buy jrdong sg kptd kptd pkr io`krpkrdr uod uod zdpdtd ng `ko`rgtk rgekrzdnk. Pg `kck`drä uo uodd zdpdtd pkr tgogr uo vdckr vdckr skpkrtg ng sugck fdhk pdrd `ubpcir `ko gc `mgqugk ng prgsikogs.Qdrä nisgôdr gc ärgd ng cd zdpdtd sg uticizdo cds `drjd ng trdfdhk y ok cds `drjds øctibds, pdrd tgogr uo bdrjgo ng sgjurindn dctk. NIPGÔK NG XDQD^D ND^KP ND ^KP @IBGO^D@IÐO QGPK UKCWBG^VI@K NGC @KO@VG^K QGPK UKCWBG^VI@K NGC PWGCK E'` E'y Us @DVJD BWGV^D NG ^VDFDHK @DVJD UIUD NG ^VDFDHK E`u (ed`tkr ng `drjd øcbd) Gspgskr ng cd zdpdtd dsubink

6.>1 tko/b0 4. 4.>6 >6 tko ko/b /b0 0 64 641. 1.11 11 lj/ lj/`b6 `b6 >. >.61 611. 1.11 11 =. =.91 911. 1.11 11 56 56.1 .1=> =>.5 .51 1 5. 5.= =61 61.1 .11 1 4.6> 1. 1.51 51

lj/ lj `b lj/ lj//`b6 `b6 `b6 6 lj lj bts

 

46

     

•

 @drjd øcbd ng trdfdhk U tr trdf dfdh dhk k

5=.9 5= .91> 1>.5 .51 1

lj 

qu •

=7.>40.76

lj



Uu trdfdhk 2 U`b + U`v qu 2 E`u * U trdfdhk

 

@drjd tktdcgs ng trdfdhk • • • •

Ok ng vijds vijds prio`ipdcgs 6.11 uoindngs Ckojitun ng gstrifk >.95 bgtrks Qgsk ng gstrifk 60.:51.11 lj Qgsk ng vijds ng dpkyk dpkyk y `krod 4.05=.11 lj

Z tktdc trdfdhk 2U^rdfdhk 2U^rdfdhk * Ok. vijd prio`. /Cgstrifk +Z vijd ng dpkyk + `krod •

@drjd tktdcgs ng trdfdhk trd. Ztktdc tr

69.476.44

lj /b /b 

Z zdp dpddtd

76.9 76 .946 46.4 .44 4

lj /b

 

Z zdpdtd2 Z trdf+ Z gstrifk

40

   

•

Qrgnibgo`ikodbigotk ng zdpdtd ng pcdotd Dz¾¾

7.97

Dzdpdtd2 Zzdpdtd / Us sugck`

b6

Do`mk prkpugstk ] 5.11 Dctk prkpugstk Y 4.11

bts bts

5.11 •

si `ubpcg `ko gc drgd

Pg ngfg `dc`ucdr gc pgsk ucbk ng cd zdpdtd ,pkr gc `udc sg prk`gng d bdykr gc pgsk ng cd zdpdtd Zzdpdtd Zzdpdtd’’4.6

•

:.51

76.946.44 50.>9>.7>

lj / b lj / b

Nisgôk ngc gspgskr ng cd zdpdtd

Gc gspgskr ng cd zdpdtd ngfg rgsistir cks gseugrzks ng `krtg sibpcg,`krtg ecgxikod ecgxikodotg otg y gc puozdbigotk prkvk`dnk pkr cd `kcubod y cds `drjds d`tudotgs

@mgqugk pkr `krtg sigbpcg N 2 t ‐ rg`ufribigotk rg`ufribigotk - 1.7 * (niäbgtrk ng vdriccd)

Udriccd (prkpugstd) Vg`ufribigotk

>

ok

:.71

`bs

Niäbgtrk vdriccd

4.6:

`bs

4>

 

^dfcd 7.46.0-4 ‐ rg`ufribigotk pdrd cds drbdnurds prio`ipdcgs ok prktgjinds (bb)

47

 

n

74.=:

`bs

Cd edccd ng cd zdpdtd pkr gseugrzk `krtdotg, k`urrg d uod nistdo`id ijudc d n (pgrdctg geg`tivk) ngc fkrng ng cd `kcubod k burk, pkr   tdc rdzðo sg ngfg `kbpdrdr go gsg cibitg si gc `krtg rgsigotg gs bdykr qug gc d`tudotg. •

•

•

Fdsg zdpdtd Fdsg gstrifk N

5.11 bts >.11 bts 74.=: `bs

Nistdo`id x  Ärgd d`tudotg (x * fdsg zdpdtd) Ud ( `krtg d`tudotg)

]2 F/6 ‐ f/6 ‐ n

1.>= 6.=9 4=0,0:=.7:

bts B6 tko

Ud`t 2 Ärgd * Zu

45

   

Ukcubgo ng rgnu``iðo

1.=7

U` (`krtg `ko`rgtk)

610,475.61

% ng trdfdhk •

lj

 

 2∇ + 1.70 + ∘  +  +  8 ∇ 21.=7

1.91

CDP NIBGOPIKOGP PKO CDP @KVVG@^DP @MGTWGK QKV @KV^G QWOXKODO^G

4:

 

Gc burk tigog d puozkodr cd zdpdtd, ngfink d cks gseugrzks ng `krtg qug sg prknu`go go gc pgrâbgtrk ngc gstrifk gc cibitg nkong k`urrg cd edccd sg go`ugotrd d uod nistdo`id ijudc d n/6 ngc pgrâbgtrk ngc burk

•

Pg``iðo ngc burk

2 7.11 bts

•

N

2 74.=: `bs N + sg``iðo ng burk

7.76

Bts

Ärgdcd dsmurdnd jurd go

6.09

Bts

Ud (`krtdotg d`tudotg)

474,796.97

lj

Ud`t puo 2 Ärgd * Zu

4=

     

Udckr ng rgnu``iðo

1.=7

fk

44.1>

bts

Fk2 6*(n+ sg``iðo ngc gstrifk)

U` puozkodotg

:>:,>04.9:

lj

 2∇ √ 4.15 √ ∘   √  √ 

% ng trdfdhk •



1.61

Cds nibgosikogs sko cds `krrg`tds

@ÄC@WCK NG QVGPIÐO NGC PWGCK Qkr sgr uo gcgbgotk sibpcgbgotg dpkydnk sg dsubg qug cks bkbgotks –x‒ y go –y‒ sko ijudc d `grk. •

•

ZDXDQD^D ZDXDQD DXDQ

76,946.44 76,946. 44 lj/b 5.11 b6

qbdx

=,=4=.59 •

  2    ´    ´          

Lj/b6

Cds nibgosikogs sko cds `krrg`tds Ok gxistgo prgsikogs ng tgosiðo, ok mdy prgsikogs ogjdvds

  

2

   

49

   

 



NIPGÔK NG VGEWGVXK QKV ECG]IÐO ]-]

Gc rgeugrzk sg `dc`ucd pdrd `ufrir uo bkbgotk g`tkr (Bu) go cd zdpdtd, `kbk prknu`tk ngc gbpuhg md`id drrifd ngc sugck. Gc bkbgotk sg `dc`ucd `kbk pdrd uod cksd go vkcdnizk.

vkcdnizk

4.01

bts

Bu x-x

>>,:41.:>

Lj-b

. √ 6   

 

2

6

Gc ärgd ngc d`grk sg `dc`ucd `ko cd bisbd g`ud`iðo pdrd gc rgeugrzk ng uod vijd. Gstk `ko uo do`mk uoitdrik ng uo bgtrk. 1.=7 √   6    √  Ds 6>.40 @b6

 2

 



√

 √  ∖ (  √ )

\ ∘

Gc `ðnijk D@I-44 `dpituck 41.7.4 rgquigrg qug go tknk gcgbgotk gstru`turdc skbgn skbgnk k d gxiðo gc Dsbio. Dsbio

4:.>4

@b6

1.110=67 √ 



R

61

   

Ärgd ng d`grk d ucizdr

6>.40

@b6

Udriccd (prkpugstd) Ärgd ng vdriccd

5.11 6.=:

Ok. @bs6

Gspd`idbigotk

44.==

`bs

Gspd`idbigotk d Gspd`idbigotk ucizdr

44.11

`bs

Ndtk qug Ds?Dsbio

•

Go cd `dbd ioegrikr sg ucizd vdriccd Ok 5 d `dnd 44 `bs

D`grk pkr tgbpgrdturd Dstgbp

46.11

Dstgbp 2 1.116*f*t

@b6

Udriccd

5.11

Ok.

(prkpugstd) Ärgd ng vdriccd

6.=:

@bs6

gspd`idbigotk

60.==

`bs

Gspd`idbigotk d Gspd`idbigotk ucizdr

61.11

`bs

Go `dbd supgrikr sg ucizdrä vdriccd Ok 5 d `dnd 61 `bs.

64

  

 

NIPGÔK

NG VGEWGVXK QKV ECG]IÐO Y-Y

driccd (prkpugstd) U Vg`ufribigotk Niäbgtrk vdriccd

5 :..7111 4.94

N y-y

O k.s `b `bs

71.6=

`bs

 



2

 ∖

    ∖  8 6

6

Gc rgeugrzk sg `dc`ucd pdrd `ufrir uo bkbgotk g`tkr (Bu) go cd zdpdtd, `kbk prknu`tk ngc gbpuhg md`id drrifd ngc sugck. Gc bkbgotk sg `dc`ucd `kbk pdrd uod ckzd go vkcdnizk. 4.71 bts vkcdnizk Bu y-y

79765.40

   

Lj-b

2

. √ 6 6

Gc ärgd ngc d`grk sg `dc`ucd `ko cd bisbd g`ud`iðo pdrd gc rgeugrzk ng uod vijd. Gstk `ko uo do`mk uoitdrik ng uo bgtrk. Ds

0>.10

@b6

 2

1.=7 √ 



 



√

\ ∘

6

 √  ∖ ( √ )

   √  1.110=67 √ 



R

66

   

GC @ÐNIJK X@I-44 @DQI^WCK 41.7.4 VGTWIGVG TWG GO ^KNK GCGBGO^K GP^VW@^WVDC PKBG^INK D ECG]IÐO GC DPBIO. Dsbio

45.=5

Ärgd ng d`grk d ucizdr

@b6

0>.10  

U driccdng(pvdriccd rkpugstd) Ärgd

@b6

: 0.=1:1

Gspd`idbigotk

44.0:

Gspd`idbigotk d ucizdr

Ndtk qug Ds?Dsbio

O k.s6 @b `bs

44.11

`bs

Go cd `dbd ioegrikr sg ucizd vdriccd Ok : d `dnd 44 `bs.

60

 

DVBDNK EIODC.

Cd `ibgotd`iðo `kotdrd `ko cds sijuigotgs nibgosikogs go gc sgonk x 5 btrs y go gc sgonk Y sgrä ng :.5 btrs `ko uo gspgskr ng 1.5 btrs.Gc drbdnk ng cd `ibgotd`iðo Pgrd ng cd sijuigotg bdogrd. Go cd `dbd ioegrikr ucizdrd uod vdriccd . Ok 5 d `dnd 44`b Y go cd `dbd supgrikr sg ucizdrd uod vdriccd .Ok 5 d `dnd 61`b.Go gc sgonk Y-Y Go cd `dbd ioegrikr sg ucizdrd vdriccd Ok: d `dnd 44 `b , y go cd `dbd supgrikr sg ucizdrd uod vdriccd .Ok 5 d `dnd 61`b.

6>

 

@KO@CWPIKOGP

•

•

Pg ngtgrbiod qug cd `ibgotd`iðo pdrd uo pugotg qug prgtgond dtrdvgsdr dt rdvgsdr uo râk, pkr sus prkpids `drd`tgrâsti`ds y vgotdhds ngfg gbpcgdr cks picktgs, gstk gs ng jrdo vgotdhd pdrd ougstrk bgnik yd qug prgsgotd prkpigndngs dng`udnds pdrd rgsistir `drjds mkrizkotdcgs cds `udcgs sko jgogrdnds pkr cks sisbks. Pg ngfg rgdcizdr `koeiodbigotks qug rgstriohdo go iojrgsk ng djud, gspg`idcbgotg `udonk sg trdfdhd cds `ibgotd`ikogs go râks k frdzks ng bdr, dngbäs gxistgo nks ekrbds ng trdfdhdr cd `ibgotd`iðo go sg`k y `kck`donk sugck skfrg gc djud y `kostruir skfrg gstd.

67

 

JVD@IDP