Diseases of mud crab in India

B~ccntai Ig) XQP

Dasnksns ge l~d orkbs ai Aidak

Onitrkc Aistat~tn ge Brkomashvktnr K{~ko~ct~rn 6># _kithgln Hafh Rgkd# Rk`k Kiiklkckaz~rkl Kiiklkckaz~rkl Ohniika , 5:: :28 Tklac Ikd~

K~f~st# 2::1

DA_NK_N_ GE L^D ORKB_ AI AIDAK

M) Z) @ATHNIDRKI# L) ZGGRIALK# O) Z) BKCK_^BRKLKIAKI KID _) M^CK_NMKRKZKIDAKI

Onitrkc Aistat~tn ge Brkomashvktnr K{~ko~ct~rn 6># _kithgln Hafh Rgkd# Rk`k Kiiklkckaz~rkl Ohniika , 5:: :28 Tklac Ikd~

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K~f~st# 2::1 Dasnksns ge l~d orkbs ai Aidak Ogitnits

;) Aitrgd~otagi

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2) Dasnksn dakfigsas ai l~d orkb o~ct~rn

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?) L~d orkb dasnksns ai Aidak kid gthnr og~itrans

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?); Uarkc Dasnksns

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?);); Vhatn szgt sqidrgln uar~s

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?)2 Bkotnrakc dasnksns

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?)2); Bkotnrakc inorgsas

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?)2)2 Eacklnitg~s Bkotnrakc dasnksn

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?)2)? C~lainsonit bkotnrakc dasnksn

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?)2)4 Gthnr gzzgrt~iastao bkotnrakc zkthgfnis

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?)? E~ifkc dasnksns

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?)?); Nff cgss ai bnrrand enlkcn orkb

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?)?)2 Ckrukc lqogsas

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?)4 Zkrksatao dasnksns

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?)4); Zrgtgpgki zkrksatns

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?)4)2 Lntkpgki zkrksatns

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?)> Igi,aienotag~s dasnksns

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?)>); Dnegrlatans

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?)>)2 Kcbaiasl

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?)5 Gthnr dasnksns

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?)6 Bnhkuag~rkc ksznots

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?)6); Okiiabkcasl

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?)8 Dasnksn zrnunitagi

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?)8); Vktnr {~kcatq

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?)8)2 Ennd {~kcatq

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?)8)? [~krkitain

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?)8)4 Fninrkc {~krkitain kid hnkcth rn{~arnlnits

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?)1 Dasnksn lkikfnlnit lnks~rns

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4) Ogioc~sagis

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>) Komigvcndfnlnits Komigvcndfnlnits

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Dasnksns ge l~d orkbs ai Aidak ;) Aitrgd~otagi

L~d orkb as k ckrfn zgrt~iad orkb# eg~id ai frnktnr kb~idkion ai kcc nst~krans# ogkstk ogkstkcc ckfgg ckfggis is kid inkr shgrn shgrn vktnrs ge Aidak) Aidak) Thn l~d orkbs orkbs bncgif bncgifaif aif tg thn fni~s _oqcck krn ckrfnr ai sapn vath hafh ogllnroakc ukc~n ai tnrls ge nxzgrt kid dglnst dglnstao ao lkrmn lkrmnts ts bq uart~n uart~n ge thnar thnar dncaok dncaokoq oq kid lndao lndaoaik aikcc ukc~n ukc~n)) Kcthg~f Kcthg~fh h eg~r  eg~r  sznoans ge  _oqcck hkun bnni adnitaeand# iklncq# _oqcck snrrktk# _) trki{~nbkraok# _) gcaukonk kid _) zkrklklgskai# gicq tvg lk`gr sznoans ge orkbs _oqcck trki{~nbkraok (ckrfnr sznoans! kid _) snrkttk (slkccnr sznoans! goo~r ai Aidaki vktnrs kid hkun hafh zgtnitakcs egr k{~ko~ct~rn (Eaf) ; % 2!) Ai Aidak# l~d orkb ekrlaif lkaicq dnznids gi ekttniaif ge –vktnr orkbs“# kid ketnr kttkaiaif s~eeaoanit lkrmntkbcn ohkrkotnrastaos= thnq krn krn hkru hkruns nstn tnd d kid kid sgcd sgcd kt hafh hafh zrao zraon) n) Thn Thn Onit Onitrkc rkc Aist Aistat at~t ~tn n ge Brko Brkoma mash shvk vktn tnr  r  K{~ko~ct~rn (OABK! hks okrrand g~t dntkacnd st~dans gi brggdstgom dnuncgzlnit kid ckrukc rnkraif ge thn tvg l~d orkb sznoans) Thn tnohigcgfans egr okztaun brggdstgom dnuncgzlnit# aid~ond brnndaif kid hktohnrq snnd zrgd~otagi ge thnsn orkbs hkun bnni nstkbcashnd ai Aidak) Kt zrnsnit# orkb ekttniaif as zrkotaond ai shkccgv bkomvktnrs ge lkiq ogkstkc stktns camn Fgk# Mkriktkmk# Mnrkck# Tklac Ikd~# Kidhrk Zrkdnsh# Grassk kid Vnst Bnifkc) Rnonitcq# l~d orkb ekttniaif hks bnogln ki kctnriktaun cauncahggd lnks~rn gr ks ki kccand trkdn vath c~orktaun nlzcgqlnit gzzgrt~iatans egr  lkiq vglni snce,hncz frg~zs ai ogkstkc rnfagis)

Kcthg~fh hktohnrq zrgd~otagi ge thn zgst ckrukn# thn lnfkcgzkn as enksabcn# thn aiatakc sg~ron ge szkvinrs kid brggdstgom as lgstcq dnznidkit gi thn vacd stgom) Thn l~d orkbs ge daeenrnit sapns krn sg~rond lkaicq ergl thn shkccgv ogkstkc vktnrs# nst~ nst~kr kran ans# s# aitn aitnrta rtadk dkcc svkl svklzs zs## kid kid lkif lkifrg rgun un krnk krnks s egr egr ekrl ekrlai aif f kcsg kcsg)) I~rs I~rsnr nrq q zrgd~otagi ge `~uniacn l~d orkbs ks k sg~ron egr ekrlaif ~z tg lkrmntkbcn sapn vacc gzni thn dggr egr thn s~stkaikbcn dnuncgzlnit ge orkb k{~ko~ct~rn ai thn og~itrq) Hnkcth lkikfnlnit zrkotaons d~raif thn snnd zrgd~otagi krn kcsg alzgrtkit oratnrak tg cggm ~zgi) G~r bksao ~idnrstkidaif gi thn lkss lgrtkcatq ge l~d orkb ckrukn kid thn

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bagsno~ratq ksznots d~raif thn eg~r vnnm hktohnrq oqocn ergl pgnk ,; tg earst orkb aistkr stkfn as calatnd) At as ocnkr thkt bkotnrak krn strgifcq alzcaoktnd ai ckrukc lgrtkcatq ks shgvi bq bkotnrakc cgkd ai rnkraif vktnr) Ai fninrkc# ukrag~s vgrmnrs kfrnn thkt rg~tain kzzcaoktagi ge kitabagtaos ai l~d orkb ckrukc rnkraif sqstnl as igt dnsarkbcn) Thn raoh nxznranion fkaind gi shralz dasnksns kid thn rncktagishaz bntvnni thn hgsts# zkthgfnis kid thn niuargilnit thkt rns~cts ai thn egrl ge dasnksn g~tbrnkms lkq lkq bn ~sne ~sne~c ~c ai st~d st~dqa qaif if dasn dasnks ksns ns ge l~d l~d orkb orkbs) s) Thn Thn Onit Onitrk rkcc Aist Aistat at~t ~tn n ge  Brkoma Brkomashv shvktn ktnrr K{~ko K{~ko~ct ~ct~rn ~rn hks stkidk stkidkrdap rdapnd nd okztau okztaun n brggds brggdstgo tgom m dnunc dnuncgzl gzlni nit# t# lkt~rktagi kid ckrukc rnkraif ge l~d orkbs kid dnuncgznd tnohigcgfq egr ekttniaif kid frgv,g~t o~ct~rn) Hgvnunr# cattcn as migvi gi dasnksn zrgbcnls ai thn ckrukc# i~rsnrq gr frgv,g~t zhksn ge Aidaki l~d orkbs) Hktohnrq snnd zrgd~otagi hks gicq rnonitcq bnni stkrtnd) At as gicq d~raif ckrukc o~ct~rn thkt s~sonztabacatq tg ukrag~s aien aienot otag ag~s ~s kfni kfnits ts hks hks bnni bnni rnzg rnzgrt rtnd nd)) Thn Thn dasn dasnks ksn n zrgb zrgbcn cnls ls keen keenot otaif aif okzt okztau aun n brggdstgom kid thn ckrukc stkfns kid adnitaeqaif lnks~rns egr thnar zrnunitagi kid ogitrgc hkun drkvi unrq cattcn kttnitagi ai Aidak)

Hgvnunr# dasnksns ai o~ct~rnd l~d orkbs hkun bnni igtaond rnonitcq) Ai grdnr  tg lkmn lkmn thn thn orkb orkb o~ct~ o~ct~rn rn k s~st s~stka kaik ikbc bcn n gin# gin# at as alzg alzgrtk rtkit it tg ~idn ~idnrs rstk tkid id thna thnar  r  dasnksns# hgst,zkthgfni aitnrkotagis kid zrnunitagi kid ogitrgc ge dasnksns) Thn zrnsnit oglzacktagi as ki gunruanv ge thn zgtnitakc aienotagis ' dasnksns niog~itnrnd ai l~d orkbs# _) trki{~nbkraok kid _) snrrktk bksnd bksnd gi thn gbsnruktag gbsnruktagis is ergl thn rnsnkroh kid dnuncgzlnit kotauatans ge OABK kid gi,ekrl g~trnkoh kotauatans saion 2::?)

2) Dasnksn dakfigsas ai l~d orkb o~ct~rn

a)n)# ok~snd bq cauaif uarkc# e~ifkc# bkotnrakc gr  Dasnksns lkq bn aienotag~s# a)n)# a)n)# ok~snd zkrksatao zkrksatao grfkiasls# grfkiasls# gr igi,aienot igi,aienotag~s# ag~s# a)n)# ok~snd bq igi,cau igi,cauaif aif ekotgr ekotgrs s s~oh s~oh ks i~trat i~tratagi agikc kc dneaoa dneaoanio nioans ans## bnhku bnhkuag~ ag~rkc rkc zrgbcn zrgbcnls ls kid hgstac hgstacn n niuarg niuargil ilnit nit gr tgxais tgxais)) Fninrkc zraioazcns ge k{~ktao kialkc dasnksn dakfigsas lkq bn kzzcand ai orkb o~ct~rn kcsg) K brgkd g~tcain ge fninrkc zraioazcns ge dakfigstaos ai k{~ktao kialkcs egr bgth ekrl kid ckbgrktgrq cnunc dakfigsas hks bnni fauni ai thn Ksak Dakfigstao F~adn tg K{~ktao Kialkc Dasnksns (EKG!) Thas as b~act gi k erkln vgrm ge  thrnn cnuncs ge 

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dakfigstaos kid kotauatans# ogitrab~taif ukc~kbcn dktk kid aiegrlktagi kt nkoh cnunc egr  gztal~l dakfigsas)

Cnuncs ge dasnksns dakfigstaos0

Cnunc A

Dakfigstao kotauatq aioc~dn ekrl'zrgd~otagi satn gbsnruktagis# hastgrq kid hnkcth hnkcth lkikfnl lkikfnlnit) nit) K zrns~lztau zrns~lztaun n dakfigsas dakfigsas bksnd gi ocaiaokc ocaiaokc safis# safis# inorgzsq# frgss cnsagis# nto) lkq bn kohanund kt thas stkfn) Thas egrls thn bksncain egr gthnr dakfigstao cnuncs (AA % AAA!)

Cnunc AA

Dakfig Dakfigsta stao o kotauat kotauatq q aioc~d aioc~dns ns zkrksa zkrksatgc tgcgfq gfq## bkotnr bkotnragc agcgfq gfq## lqog lqogcgf cgfq q kid kid hastgzkthg hastgzkthgcgfq cgfq vhaoh rn{~arn rn{~arn lgdnrktn lgdnrktn okzatkc kid trkaiaif kid hnion hnion dakfigstao satn as kt ckbgrktgrq cnunc) K dneaiataun dakfigsas oki bn rnkohnd kt thas stkfn)

Cnunc AAA

Dakfigstao kotauatq aioc~dns sznoakcapnd krnks camn uargcgfq# all~igcgfq# lgcno~ckr bagcgfq kid ncnotrgi laorgsogzq# nto) vhaoh rn{~arn safiaeaokit okzatkc kid trkaiaif aiunstlnit) Geenrs ogiearlktgrq dakfigsas bksnd gi thn zraioazcns ge kdukiond dakfigstao okzkbacatans ge thn ckbgrktgrq)

Hgvnunr# lkiq ge thn cnunc AAA dakfigstaos bksnd gi all~igcgfao a ll~igcgfaokc kc ' snrgcgfaokc lnthgds oglns ks eancd mats kt ekrl satn (Cnunc A!# nf)# All~igohrglktgfrkzhao mats kfkaist vhatn szgt sqidrgln uar~s (V__U! aidaoktaif Cnunc AAA dakfigsas koonssabcn tg thn eancd) At as kcsg alzgrtkit tg migv thn dakfigstao okzkbacatans ge thn nkoh ckbgrktgrq egr cnunc AA kid AAA dakfigsas bnegrn thn daszktoh ge kzzrgzraktn sklzcns sg thkt dasnksn g~tbrnkms krn aiunstafktnd rnkdacq kid zrglztcq)

?) L~d orkb dasnksns ai Aidak kid gthnr og~itrans

L~d orkb k{~ko~ct~rn hks bnni zrkotaond egr lkiq qnkrs ai _g~th,Nkst Ksaki og~itrans aioc~daif Aidak kid as ki alzgrtkit sg~ron ge aiogln bq vkq ge nxzgrt) Trkdatagikccq# thnsn kotauatans vnrn lkaicq bksnd gi stgomaif vacd,ok~fht `~uniacns kid kd~cts kd~cts egr frgv,g frgv,g~t ~t o~ct~ o~ct~rn rn (Eaf) (Eaf) ?! kid ekttniai ekttniaif f ge ‘vktnr ‘vktnr orkbs‑ orkbs‑)) Thn trkdatagi trkdatagikc kc ekttniaif as bnaif dgin bq tvg lnthgds , ai znis gr niocgs~rns nrnotnd ai thn shkccgv 5

vktnrs vath bklbgg kid ogunrnd vath eashaif ints (Eaf) 4!# kid ai vggdni gr zckstao okfns vath znregrktagi (Eaf) >!) Vath thn daunrsaeaoktagi ge ekrlaif kotauatans# thn o~ct~rn o~ct~rn ge l~d orkb as fkaiaif zgz~ckratq thg~fh thn o~ct~rn gznrktagis hkun igt tkmni gee tg thn cnunc ge gthnr or~stkonki sznoans camn shralzs kid zrkvis) Ks thn shralz o~ct~rn aid~strq hks ogln ~idnr thn thrnkt ge uarkc dasnksns ai thn rnonit qnkrs# ekrlnrs hkun shgvi mnni aitnrnst ai orkb ekrlaif) O~ct~rn ge l~d orkbs as bnaif zrkotaond vath cgv stgomaif dnisatq= hnion lkiq zrgbcnls ok~snd bq dasnksns vath zgtnitakc nogiglao alzkot lafht igt hkun bnni gbsnrund) Ai Aidak# thn rnsnkroh gi l~d orkb dasnksns hks bnni laialkc kid ckrfncq rnlkaind ai thn shkdgv ge gthnr nogiglaokccq alzgrtkit kid dglaikit dglaikit o~ct~rn o~ct~rn sznoans) sznoans) Lkiq dasnksns'kbig dasnksns'kbigrlkca rlkcatans tans rnlkai rnlkai ~irnzgrtnd ~irnzgrtnd gr  ~irnsgcund thg~fh thnq lkq keenot lkrmntkbacatq ge zrgd~ots) Lgrngunr# aienotnd orkbs lkq zgtnitakccq trkislat zkthgfnis tg ukrag~s rnkraif ekoacatans# kd`gaiaif ekrls kid vgrsn aitg thn ikt~rkc niuargilnits# thg~fh igt l~oh dktk krn kukackbcn) Rnonit nxznranion gi frgv,g~t o~ct~rn ge l~d orkbs rnunkcnd thn goo~rrnion ge dasnksns cnkdaif tg lgrtkcatq# lkaicq vhni thn {~kcatq ge thn vktnr kid thn sgac as zggr (Eafs) 5, 8!) Hnion# thn alzgrtkion ge bagsno~ratq# ge vhaoh s~runacckion egr zkthgfnis kid dasnksns as ki aitnfrkc zkrt# hks bnni fkaiaif alzgrtkion ai ekrlaif sqstnl)

Kcthg~fh at as getni bncanund thkt l~d orkbs krn cnss s~sonztabcn tg dasnksns thki zniknad shralzs# at lafht bn k rns~ct ge thn cgvnr stgomaif dnisatans ~snd ai o~ct~rn) o~ct~rn) Hgvnunr# Hgvnunr# k sznotr~l sznotr~l ge zkthgfnis zkthgfnis kid dasnksns dasnksns krn migvi migvi tg aienot thn nffs nffs## ckru ckrukc kc## `~un `~unia iacn cn kid kid kd~ct kd~ct stkf stkfns ns ge l~d l~d orkb orkbs s (Tkb (Tkbcn cn ;!) ;!) _gln _gln ge thns thnsn n zkthgfnis krn ge lk`gr bagcgfaokc kid nogiglao alzgrtkion ai thn zrgd~otagi ge l~d orkbs kid sgln sgln ge thnl goo~r aioadnitkccq) K rnonit rnonit rnuanv ge dasnksns ge l~d orkbs rnunkcnd thn goo~rrnion ge eg~caif zrgtgpgkis s~oh ks Pggthklia~l# Ugrtaoncck kid Nzastqcas= Nzastqcas= zkrksatao daigeckfnccktn s~oh ks Hnlktgdaia~l sz) krn rnzgrtnd tg ok~sn dasnksn kid dnkth ai k ukrantq ge or~stkonki sznoans aioc~daif thn l~d orkb) Lk`gratq ge thn rnzgrt rnzgrts s gi lntkp lntkpgki gki zkrks zkrksatn atns s aioc~d aioc~dn n bkriko bkrikocns cns camn camn _koo~caik sz) sz) kid kid Cgxgthqcko~s sz)# )# Hkcaz Hkcazhthgr hthgrgs gs sz) sz)# e~if e~ifkc kc zkth zkthgf gfni nis s s~oh s~oh ks Ckfniada~l sz sz)# sz)## Hkcgor~staoadk sz)#  Ktmaisancck sz) kid kid E~skra~l sz)# sz)# bkot bkotnr nrak ak s~oh s~oh ks Uabrag#  Knrglgiks nto)# uarkc aienotagis# vhatn szgt sqidrgln uar~s# rnguar~s# l~socn inorgsas uar~s# bko~cguar~s# lkiq zkrksatns kid nzabagits kid kcsg igi,aienotag~s zkthgfniao dasnksns s~oh ks strnss kid in~rgtao sqlztgls# bckomniaif ge faccs# lg~ct ekac~rn nto) hkun bnni rnzgrtnd) Aienotag~s kfnits lkq bn eg~id kt kiq stkfns ge orkb stkrtaif 6

ergl nffs tg kd~ct stkfn) Cgss ge nffs ai bnrrand enlkcn orkbs d~n tg e~ifkc aienotagi# nzabag nzabagtao tao eg~cai eg~caif f kid c~lain c~lainson sonit it bkotnr bkotnrak ak krn thn lgst lgst alzgrtk alzgrtkit it lkiae lkiaenst nstkta ktagis gis niog~itnrnd ai hktohnrq) Tkbcn ;) Alzgrtkit aienotagis ' dasnksns ge l~d orkbs rnzgrtnd ai Aidak ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, _c) Ig) Ntagcgfq Aienotagi ' Dasnksns ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;)

Uar~s

Vhatn _zgt _qidrgln Uar~s

2)

Bkotnrak

Bkotnrakc inorgsas'shncc dasnksn Eacklnitg~s bkotnrakc dasnksns C~lainsonit bkotnrakc dasnksn Gthnr gzzgrt~iastao bkotnrakc zkthgfnis

?)

Zkrksatns ' ogllniskcs Zrgtgpgki Znratraoh oacaktns _~otgraki oacaktns  Klqcgdaia~l sz) aienotagi Hnlktgdaia~l sz) aienotagi Laorgszgradaki Laorgszgradaki aienotagi Frnfkrain aienotagi Lntkpgki Or~stkonkis Gotgckslas sz) aienotagi kttkohlnit Bkcki~s sz) aienotagi kttkohlnit _koo~caik sz) aienotagi kttkohlnit Cgxgthqcko~s sz) aienotagi Hnclaiths Lntkonrokrakc stkfns ge dafninkis dafninkis Onstgdns Inlktgdns

4)

E~if~s E~skra~l sz) Ckfniada~l sz) Hkcazhthgrgs sz) Hkcgor~staoadk sz)  Ktmaisancck sz) >)

Igi aienotag~s kid gthnr dasnksns R~st szgt shncc dasnksn _trnss Ai`~rq I~tratagikc Kcbaiasl Tgxaoatq Dnegrlatans

5)

Bnhkuag~rkc ksznots

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Okiiabkcasl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

K zgssabcn inv zkrksatn ok~saif ;::. lgrtkcatq ai dnuncgzaif nffs ge thn l~d orkb hks bnni rnzgrtnd ergl K~strkcak) Thn zkrksatn rnsnlbcns zrgtastki zkrksatns kid ogisasts ge k oc~stnr ge onccs rkifaif ergl ? tg 5 ll vath saifcn i~ocn~s kid rhapgads thkt kzznkr tg e~iotagi ks ki kiohgrkfn kid k enndaif grfki) Thas zkrksatn hgvnunr# og~cd igt bn ockssaeand tg k zhqc~l bq ats lgrzhgcgfq kcgin)

Th~s Th~s## at as alzn alznrk rktau taun n tg hkun hkun k dntk dntkac acnd nd migv migvcn cndf dfn n ge thn thn dasn dasnks ksns ns kid kid zkthgfnis vhaoh krn camncq tg aienot l~d orkbs# ks k bksas egr dnuncgzaif ogitrgc strktnfans) Thn egccgvaif snotagi adnitaeans thgsn dasnksns vhaoh hkun goo~rrnd# kid lkq alzkot kdunrsncq gi thn zrgd~otagi ge l~d orkbs ai Aidak) At as enct thkt# vath thn aitnisaeaoktagi ge l~d orkb o~ct~rn ai Aidak# at as camncq tg rns~ct ai goo~rrnions ge migvi gr zrnuag~scq ~irnzgrtnd dasnksns gr nuni nxgtao dasnksns) K brane dnsoraztagi ge nkoh dasnksn as fauni# tgfnthnr vath zgssabcn trnktlnit kid'gr ogitrgc lnohkiasls thkt oki bn kzzcand tg ogitkai kid'gr zrnunit thn dasnksns)

?); Uarkc dasnksns

Kcthg~fh eg~r uar~sns (uap  (uap )# )# Vhatn _zgt _qidrgln Uar~s# L~socn Inorgsas Uar~s# Rnguar~s# kid Bko~cguar~s! hkun zrnuag~scq bnni gbsnrund ai l~d orkb# _) snrrktk ai Ksaktao rnfagi# gicq Vhatn _zgt _qidrgln Uar~s (V__U! hks bnni rnzgrtnd klgif vacd kid o~ct~rnd l~d orkbs ai Aidak) Lk`gratq ge thnl znrtkai tg V__U ergl ikt~rkccq kid nxznralnitkccq aienotnd l~d orkbs) _g ekr# ig gthnr uarkc dasnksns ge safiaeaokion thkt keenotnd shralz k{~ko~ct~rn hkun bnni rnzgrtnd ergl l~d orkbs ai thn og~itrq)

L~socn inorgsas uar~s# ki aogskhndrkc uar~s ai o~ct~rnd l~d orkbs ok~saif ‘scnnzaif dasnksn‑ ohkrkotnrapnd bq l~socn inorgsas# ai Ohaik# as igt k ogionri ai Aidak) _alackrcq# k rnguar~s dnsafiktnd ks l~d orkb rnguar~s (LORU! ergl o~ct~rnd snrrktk k vath l~d orkb# orkb# _) snrrkt vath safis safis ge ‘scnnz ‘scnnzaif aif dasnks dasnksn‑# n‑# hafh hafh lgrtk lgrtkcatq catq kid hnkuq hnkuq nogiglao cgss ai sg~thnri Ohaik vks kcsg rnzgrtnd) Thas oqtgzckslao uar~s aienots ogiino ogiinotau taun n tass~n tass~n onccs onccs ge thn hnzktg hnzktgzki zkiorn ornks# ks# faccs faccs kid aitnst aitnstain ain ai l~d orkb) orkb)

1

Nxznralnitkc aienotagi vath 8:,;::. lgrtkcatq vks gbsnrund bq ukrag~s rg~tns ge  aien aienot otag agi) i) Ki RT,Z RT,ZOR OR dntn dntnot otag agi i lnth lnthgd gd egr egr thn thn dakf dakfig igsa sas s ge LORU LORU hks hks bnni bnni dnuncgznd kid og~cd bn dntnotnd ai kcc tass~ns ai kdukiond stkfn ge thn dasnksn) K bko~cguar~s aienotagi ai thn egrl ge aitrk,i~ocnkr aioc~sagi bgdans ai hnzktgzkiornks snrrktk k! vathg~ nzat nzathn hnca ca~l ~l ge `~un `~unia iacn cn kid kid lkt~ lkt~rn rn l~d l~d orkb orkbs s (_) snrrkt vathg~tt l~oh l~oh ocaiao ocaiaokc kc lkiaenstktagi hks bnni rnzgrtnd ergl thn Igrthnri Tnrratgrq ge K~strkcak) Thn aienotagi vks rnzgrt rnzgrtnd nd tg bn rnerko rnerkotgr tgrq q tg znikna zniknad d shralz shralzs s s~ffns s~ffnstai taif f thkt thkt thn l~d l~d orkb orkb bko~cguar~s as ~icamncq tg bn zkthgfniao tg or~stkonkis tkxgiglaokccq daunrsn ergl l~d orkbs) Kcc thnsn thrnn uarkc dasnksns# hgvnunr# hkun igt bnni rnzgrtnd ergl Aidak sg ekr)

?);); Vhatn szgt sqidrgln uar~s (V__U!

L~d orkbs krn migvi okrranrs kid unotgrs ge V__U ai shralz o~ct~rn ekoacatans vathg~t shgvaif kiq safis ge thn dasnksn) Ikt~rkc V__U aienotagis hkun bnni eg~id ai vacd,ok~fht kid ekrlnd l~d orkbs ai ukrag~s stkfns ai lkiq og~itrans ge Ksaktao rnfagi) V__U vks dntnotnd ai krg~id 5:. ge thn bnithao ckrukn ge l~d orkb# _) snrrktk bgth ~idnr ikt~rkc kid nxznralnitkc ogidatagis) Kcthg~fh l~d orkb as migvi tg bn k okrranr ge uarkc grfkiasls ai Aidak# st~dans krn calatnd gthnr thki aid~ond V__U aienotagis) _afis krn aikzzkrnit kid thn orkb oki lkaitkai thn nxznralnitkc V__U aienotagi (Eafs) 1# ;:! egr lkiq lgiths# thg~fh lg~ctaif ern{~nioq vks eg~id tg bn rnd~ond) Ai Aidak# thn ikt~rkc zrnukcnion ge V__U ai orkb as kbg~t >. (Eaf) ;;!# vhacn ai o~ct~rn zgids at as kbg~t ?:.) V__U aienotagi og~cd bn ai nathnr vkq= bq unrtaokc trkislassagi ergl vacd brggdstgom gr nuni hgrapgitkc trkislassagi d~raif lgigo~ct~rn ks o~ct~ o~ct~rn rn zgid zgids s getn getni i vati vatins nssn snd d zrns zrnsni nion on ge V__U V__U aien aienot otnd nd vacd vacd orkb orkbs) s) Vacd Vacd or~stkonkis (zrgbkbcq nitnraif thrg~fh ornnm vktnr! snruaif ks hgsts egr V__U lkq ^ok# Thkcklatk# kot ks ikt~rkc rnsnrugars ge thn uar~s ai thn uaoaiatq ge o~ct~rn zgids ( ^ok# _nskrlk# Lntkzgfrkzs~s# nto) kid lkiq shralz sznoans Eniinrgznikn~s aidao~s# Znikn~s lgigdgi# Lntkznikn~s lgigonrgs kid L) dgbsgia !) !) Lkiq ge thn orkb kid shralz sznoans hkun bnni rnzgrtnd tg okrrq unrq hafh uarkc cgkds ai thn kbsnion ge  dasnksn kid lkq bn kotaif ks alzgrtkit rnsnrugars# s~stkaiaif thn uar~s ai thn ikt~rkc niua niuarg rgil ilni nitt kid kid rnzrn rnzrnsn snit itai aif f zgtn zgtnit itak akcc sg~r sg~ron ons s ge aieno aienota tagi gi ai shra shralz lz zgid zgids) s) Hgvnunr# thn k~tg,nitnrnd E) aidao~s kid Z) lgigdgi shgvnd fggd frgvth ai thn sqstnl vathg~t shgvaif ocaiaokc sqlztgls kid'gr lgrtkcatq) ;:

Tg shralz ekrlnrs# at as nxtrnlncq alzgrtkit tg ogiearl vhnthnr thn l~d orkbs krn thn bgikeadn rnsnrugars ge V__U thkt oki trkislat thn uar~s tg ekrlnd shralz ks lgigo~ct~rn gr zgcqo~ct~rn ge l~d orkb as bnaif vadncq zrkotaond ai lkiq shralz ekrlaif krnks) _t~dans ogid~otnd ai thn K{~ktao Kialkc Hnkcth ckbgrktgrq ge OABK aidaoktnd thkt l~d orkb# _) trki{~nbkraok oki bn aienotnd vath V__U bq ai`notagi# enndaif gr og,hkbatktagi ~saif thn V__U aienotnd shralz gr  uaon unrsk) E~rthnr# at as kclg kclgst st onrt onrtka kai i thkt thkt V__U V__U oki oki rnzc rnzcao aokt ktn n ai l~d l~d orkb orkbs s kt cnks cnkstt ai nxzn nxznral ralni nitk tkcc ogidat ogidatagi agis s ~icamn ~icamn sgln sgln gthnr gthnr sznoan sznoans s vhaoh vhaoh krn gicq gicq lnohki lnohkiaok aokcc okrranr okrranrs s (n)f) (n)f) zgcqohkntns# baukcuns# rgtaenrs# nto)!) Hgvnunr# thn nzapggtagcgfq ge V__U rnlkais oglzcnx d~n tg thn kukackbacatq ge vadn rkifn ge zgtnitakc hgsts rkifaif ergl zniknad shral shralzs# zs# vacd orkbs# orkbs# kid lgrn lgrn dastki dastkitcq tcq rncktnd rncktnd or~stk or~stkonk onkis is s~oh s~oh ks ogznzg ogznzgds# ds# klzhazgds kid znrhkzs nuni k{~ktao aisnot ckrukn ~idnr o~ct~rn ogidatagis)

?)2 Bkotnrakc dasnksns

Thn lkai zrgbcnl ai hktohnrq tnohigcgfq ge l~d orkb stacc snnls tg bn rncktnd a)n) bkotnrakc kid e~ifkc! hkun bnni thn tg hqfanin) Thnrnegrn# laorgbakc aienotagis ((a)n) lk`gr ogionri ge l~d orkb k{~ko~ct~rasts kid rnsnkrohnrs) Ikt~rkc ennd s~oh ks tr ksh eash# lgcc~sos (l~ssnc ' ockl lnkt!# ekrl vkstn# nto)# kcsg ekoacatktn thn nitrq ge  laorgbakc zkthgfnis ai brggdstgom tkim ' frgv g~t zgids)

?)2); Bkotnrakc inorgsas

Thas Thas as k ogllg ogllgi i dasnks dasnksn n gbsnru gbsnrund nd ai ckrukn# ckrukn# zgst,ckr zgst,ckrukn ukn gr kd~cts kd~cts)) At as ukrag~scq tnrlnd ks &bckom szgt&# &brgvi szgt&# &b~rit szgt&# &shncc dasnksn& gr ohataigcqtao bkotnrakc dasnksn (Eaf) ;2!) Thas as ok~snd bq thn aiuksagi ge ohataigcqtao bkotnrak# vhaoh brnkm dgvi thn ohatai ge thn nxgsmncntgi# cnkdaif tg nrgsagi kid lnckiapktagi (dkrm brgvi tg bckom zaflnitktagi! kt thn satn ge aienotagi (Eafs) ;? % ;4!) _nunrkc ohata ohataig igcq cqta tao o bkot bkotnr nrak ak (Frk (Frkl l ,un ,un rgds rgds!! s~oh s~oh ks Uabrag szz)# Zsn~dglgiks szz)#  Knrglgiks szz)# _zaracca~l szz) hkrunqa  as migvi tg bn szz) nto) nto) krn aiugcu aiugcund) nd) Uabrag hkrunqa  zkthgfniao tg pgnkc stkfns ge l~d orkb kt ;: 2 ,;:? ogcgiq ogcgiq egrlaif egrlaif ~iat znr lc) _hncc dasnksn as rkrn ai invcq rnor~atnd orkbs# b~t k ogllgi zrgbcnl ai orkbs mnzt ~idnr  okztaun ogidatagis vath thn egrlktagi ge k e~ppq lkt oglzgsnd ge k l~ctat~dn ge  ;;

grfkiasls camn bc~n frnni kcfkn# bkotnrak# oacaktns# eckfnccktns kid nuni inlktgdns) Thas dasnksn rnd~ons thn ukc~n ge thn hkrunstnd orkbs# kzkrt ergl ok~saif lgrtkcatans kid oki bn ogitrg ogitrgccn ccnd d ai okztau okztaun n kid o~ct~rnd o~ct~rnd l~d l~d orkb orkb zgz~c zgz~ckta ktagi gi bq rnd~oa rnd~oaif if gunrorgvdaif# zrgznr h~sbkidrq kid sqstnl hqfanin) ?)2)2 Eacklnitg~s bkotnrakc dasnksn

Eacklnitg~s bkotnrak s~oh ks Cn~ogthrax l~ogr# Thragthrax  szz)# Ecnxabkotnr  szz) szz) nto) nto) sglnta sglntaln lns s ok~sn ok~sn lgrtkca lgrtkcatan tans s bq dasogc dasogcg~r g~rkta ktagi gi ge faccs faccs kid kssgoa kssgoaktn ktnd d snogi snogidkr dkrq q aienot aienotagi agis) s) Thn ckrukn ckrukn bnogl bnogln n lgrab~ lgrab~id# id# vath vath rnd~on rnd~ond d kotau kotauatq atq## zggr  zggr  enndaif kid frgvth) Ai bnrrand orkb# thn nffs lkq bnogln aienotnd vath eacklnitg~s bkotnrak bkotnrak kooglzki kooglzkiand and vath gthnr laorgbakc laorgbakc aienotagis aienotagis ok~saif ok~saif rntkrdnd rntkrdnd nlbrqgiao nlbrqgiao dnuncgzlnit# cgifnr aio~bktagi taln kid thn nff lgrtkcatq d~n tg dnzcntnd gxqfni nxohk nxohkifn ifn korgs korgss s nff nff lnlbrk lnlbrkin in (Eaf) (Eaf) ;>!) ;>!) Aiornk Aiornksai saif f h~sbk h~sbkidr idrq q kid hqfani hqfanin n stkidkrds vacc alzrgun thn sat~ktagi)

?)2)? C~lainsonit bkotnrakc dasnksn

C~lainsonit bkotnrakc dasnksn as k snunrn# nogiglaokccq alzgrtkit bkotnrakc aienotagi ok~snd bq lnlbnrs ge thn fni~s Uabrag kid gthnr rncktnd fninrk) Uabragsas keenots k daunrsn rkifn ge lkrain kid nst~krain shncceash sznoans kid as ern{~nitcq snogidkrq tg gthnr aioataif ok~sns# n)f)# zggr vktnr {~kcatq# strnss# zggr i~tratagi) Kd~c Kd~ctt kial kialkc kc getn getni i shgv shgvs s sqlz sqlztg tgls ls ge cgss cgss ge kzzn kzzntat tatn# n# rnd~ rnd~on ond d frgv frgvth th## dkrm dkrm hnzktgzkiornks kid lgrkcatq ai ckrfn i~lbnrs) Uabrag hkrunqa  getni aienot thn orkb ckrukn ckrukn rnkrnd rnkrnd ai hktohn hktohnrq rq ogidat ogidatagi agis) s) Thnq Thnq szrnkd szrnkd unrq unrq ekst ekst kid zggr zggr hktoh hktohnrq nrq ogidatagis aiornksn thnar uar~cnion) Thn aienotnd ckrukn bnogln ec~grnsonit ai dkrm cafht# vath rnd~ond enndaif kid ai snunrn oksns lkss lgrtkcatans goo~r) Thas oki bn trnktnd bq ~saif sznoaeao kitabagtaos kid dasaienotaif thn aitkmn vktnr)

?)2)4 Gthnr gzzgrt~iastao bkotnrakc zkthgfnis

Thn og,aienotagi ge l~d orkbs vath gin gr lgrn bkotnrakc sznoans kid ' gr gthnr  aienotag~s kfnits camn uar~s# e~if~s kid zkrksatns as thn zgssabacatq ai ikt~rn (Eafs) ;5, ;8!) Uabrag hkrunqa  kid U) oklzbnccaa  vnrn eg~id tg bn zrndglaikit getni ai V__U aienot aienotnd nd l~d orkbs) orkbs) Gthnr  Gthnr  Uabrag sznoans sznoans eg~id eg~id vnrn U) u~ciaeao~s# U) inrnas# U) ;2

easohnra  kid U) ec~uakcas) Lkiq gzzgrt~iastao ' snogidkrq bkotnrakc zkthgfnis ge l~d orkb uap )# )# U) oklzbnccaa# U) inrnas# _hnvkincck cgahaok# _) vggdqa# _) eadncas kid _) hkeianisas vnrn asgcktnd kid adnitaeand bq ;5s rabgtqzaif ergl bgth hknlgcqlzh kid hnzktgzkiornks) ?)? E~ifkc dasnksns

Ckfniada~l#  Ktmaisancck kid Hkcazhthgrgs hkun bnni adnitaeand ks Thrnn e~ifa# Ckfniada~l# zgssabcn kfnits ge l~d orkb nff lgrtkcatq ai @kzki kid thn Zhacazzains) E~ifkc aienotagi ge thn fni~s Ckfniada~l vks eg~id tg bn zkthgfniao tg thn nffs kid ckrukn snrrktk! ai Aidginsak) ge l~d orkbs (_) (_) snrrktk!

?)?); Nff cgss ai bnrrand enlkcn orkb

Nff cgss ai bnrrand enlkcn l~d orkbs d~n tg e~ifkc aienotagi ergl k{~ktao niuargi niu argiln lnit it hks bnn bnni i k ogl ogllg lgi i zrg zrgbcn bcnl) l) Tha Thas s aie aienot notagi agi hks bnn bnni i gbs gbsnru nrund nd ai brggdstgoms rns~ctaif ai oglzcntn dnstr~otagi kid cgss ge nff lkss d~raif aio~bktagi znragd kid zkrtakc hktohaif) Hkcazhthgrgs szz) szz) vks eg~id tg dglaik dglaiktn tn thn e~ifkc e~ifkc zgz~cktagi ge _) ge  _) snrrktk nffs cnkdaif tg kbgrtagi ' rnsgrztagi ge thn nff lkss) _gln sznoans lkq goo~r ks skzrgtrgzhs gi thn s~rekon ge nff lkss kid lkq bn igi, zkthgfniao) Enrtacapnd nffs krn cnss s~sonztabcn tg aienotagi thki ~ienrtacapnd nffs zrgbkbcq d~n tg thn hkrdnind lnlbrkin rnstraotaif e~ifkc znintrktagi) Bkth trnktlnit vath egrlkcai kid e~ifaoadns vnrn eg~id tg bn neenotaun tg laialapn thn aienstktagi)

?)?)2 Ckrukc lqogsas

Ckrukc lqogsas ok~snd bq E~skra~l szz)# Ckfniada~l szz) kid _argczada~l szz)# ok~sn snunrn lgrtkcatans tg orkb ckrukn getni ks k snogidkrq aienotagi) Thn e~if~s aienots thn dnkd gr dklkfnd tass~n ok~snd bq vg~ids gr gthnr aienotagis rns~ctaif ai cgoglgtgrq daeeao~ctans d~n tg lqoncakc frgvth) Ai snrag~s aienotagis ge  Ckfniada~l# Ckfniada~l# nxtnisaun igi,snztktn hafhcq brkiohnd lqoncak aiukdn thrg~fh g~t thn bgdq bgdq rnzcko rnzckoaif aif kcc thn tass~ tass~ns) ns) _znoa _znoakcap kcapnd nd hqzhkn hqzhkn zrgtr~ zrgtr~dn dn thrg~f thrg~fh h thn o~taoc o~taocn) n) Zrgzhqckotao dgsns ge > kid ;: lf 'C egrlkcai kid :):> kid :); lf'C traec~rkcai kzzcand nunrq kctnriktaun dkq# vnrn eg~id tg bn neenotaun ai nihkioaif s~ruaukc kid ckrukc dnuncgzlnit ge aienotnd lnfkcgzk oglzkrnd vath ogitrgc) ;?

?)4 Zkrksatao dasnksns

Lgst zkrksatgcgfaokc vgrm gi zgrt~iad orkb hks ego~snd gi thn Klnraoki bc~n inotns s skzad~s skzad~s!# Okroai~s lkniks lkniks!# orkb (Okcca (Okccainotn !# frnn frnni i shgr shgrn n orkb orkb (Okroai~s !# l~d orkb (_) (_) snrrktk! snrrktk! kid skid orkb (Zgrt~i~s znckfao~s!) Lk`gratq (Zgrt~i~s znckfao~s!) Lk`gratq ge orkbs vnrn eg~id aienotnd vath zrgtgpgki gr lntkpgki zkrksatns gr nzaogllniskcs) Thnq bncgif tg zrgtgpgkis (Hknlktgdaia~l sz)# Nzastqcas sz) kid  Koaiktk sz)! kid lntkpgkis (hnclaiths ~idnr  laorgonzh laorgonzhkccad kccad trnlktgdn trnlktgdn lntkonrok lntkonrokrak# rak# Cnuaisniancck sz)# sz)# lntkon lntkonstg stgdns dns s~oh s~oh ks sz) kid kid dgrq dgrqck ckal alga gad d inlk inlktg tgdn dn kid kid tvg tvg oarr oarraz aznd nd or~s or~stk tkon onki kis# s# Zgcqzgonzhkc~s sz) Gotgckslas sz) kid Ohncgibak sz) sz)!) _qlbagits bncgifaif tg thn sznoans ge  Ugrtaoncck sz)# sz)# gqstnr gqstnrs# s# zgcqo zgcqohkn hkntns tns## hqdrgp hqdrgpgki gkis# s# klzha klzhazg zgds ds kid t~rbnc t~rbncckr ckraki akis s vnrn vnrn kcsg kcsg gooksagikccq eg~id ai l~d orkbs)

?)4); Zrgtgpgki zkrksatns

Eg~cai Eg~caif f zrgtgp zrgtgpgki gkis s s~oh s~oh ks znratra znratraoh oh oacakt oacaktns ns (Pggthklia~l# Ugrtaoncck kid Nzastqcas! Nzastqcas! kid s~otgraki oacaktn ( Koaintk  Koaintk sz)# Nzhncgtk sz)! gi thn faccs lkq ok~sn zrgbcnl d~raif thn hktohnrq zhksn ge l~d orkbs lkaicq gi nffs kid ckrukc stkfns# nsznoakccq ae kssgoaktnd vath zggr vktnr {~kcatq d~n tg ncnuktnd i~tranit kid grfkiao lkttnr (Eafs) ;1# 2:!) Nzastqcas sz) ecg~rashns ai cgv dassgcund gxqfni ogidatagis) Gion aienstnd# aienstnd# ogttgi vggc camn frgvth kttkohns kttkohns tg thn bgdq kid kzznidkfn kzznidkfns s kid dasr~zt lgbacatq kid enndaif) _~otgrakis ennd lkaicq gi gthnr zrgtgpgkis kid ai hafh i~lbnrs lkq aitnrenrn vath rnszarktagi# vhacn znratraohs aitnrenrn vath cgoglgtagi# enndaif kid lg~ctaif ge ckrukn ok~saif strnss kid nuni dnkth (Eafs) 2; % 22!) ^s~kccq oacaktn aienotagis krn kssgoaktnd vath strnsse~c ogidatagis# kid ks s~oh# thnq krn gzzgrt~iastao zkthgfnis kid rkrncq eg~id ai vacd ok~fht orkbs) Egrlkcai trnktlnit vacc bn hncze~c tg skun thn keenotnd orkbs)

Daigeckfnccktns ge thn fni~s Hnlktgdaia~l sz) thkt aienots thn hnlgcqlzh kid tass~ns tass~ns ge thn orkb# ok~sn k dasnksn dasnksn ogidatagi ogidatagi migvi migvi ks ‘lacmq dasnksn‑ dasnksn‑ kcgif thn ;4

sg~t sg~thn hnri ri Ohai Ohaik k vath vath frgs frgss s sqlz sqlztg tgls ls s~oh s~oh ks lgra lgrab~ b~id id bnhk bnhkua uag~ g~r# r# gzk{ gzk{~n ~ncq cq dasogcg~rnd okrkzkon# oggmnd kzznkrkion# lacmq bgdq ec~ad# ~izkcktkbcn eckug~r kid hafh lgrtkcatq) Thnsn ocaiaokc safis krn salackr tg thgsn ge orkbs s~eenraif ergl battnr  orkb dasnksn (BOD! gr zaim orkb dasnksn (ZOD! ok~snd bq Hnlktgdaia~l aienotagi ai gthnr gthnr vacd vacd zgrt~i zgrt~iad ad orkbs) orkbs) Klgif Klgif szgrg szgrgpgk pgki i zrgtgp zrgtgpgk# gk# hastgp hastgpgao gao laorgs laorgszgr zgrada adaki ki (Thncghkiak sz)! sz)! kid kid nitn nitnrao rao onzh onzhkc kcai ain n frnf frnfkr krai ains ns (Inlktgzsas sz)! z)! krn krn kcsg csg niog~itnrnd ai l~d orkb thg~fh igt kssgoaktnd vath kiq ocaiaokc dasnksn) Onzhkcain frnfkrains ge thn fni~s Inlktgzsas ~tacapn lgcc~sos (baukcuns# fkstrgzgds! ks igrlkc _oqcck# Lntkzgfrksz~s# Lntkzgfrksz~s# _nskrlk# _nskrlk# ^ok# aitnrlndaktn hgsts kid lkiq nst~krain orkbs ((_oqcck# nto)! ks eaikc hgsts) Enndaif zrkotaon zrkotaon ~saif caun baukcuns (l~ssncs# (l~ssncs# ockls# ockls# nto)! og~cd zgssabcq cnkd tg Inlktgzsas sz) aienotagi klgif o~ct~rnd or~stkonkis) Zgid rnkrnd l~d orkbs kcsg lkq bn aienotnd vath frnfkrain aienotagi)

?)4)2 Lntkpgki zkrksatns

Lgst ogllgi lntkpgki zkrksatns ge l~d orkbs krn bkrikocns (oarrazndns! vhaoh vhaoh krn lkrain lkrain or~stk or~stkon onkis kis nathnr nathnr eaxnd eaxnd gr zkrks zkrksatao atao ai thnar thnar kd~ct kd~ct stkfn) stkfn) Thn oarrazndns krn lgstcq ogllniskc kid tnid tg bn zrndkong~s vhacn gthnr oarrazndns camn _koo~caik krn nxoc~s nxoc~saun auncq cq zkrksa zkrksatao tao gi orkbs) orkbs) Tvg rhapgo rhapgonzh nzhkck kcki i zkrksa zkrksatns tns keenotaif l~d orkbs krn _koo~caik sz) kid Cgxgthqcko~s sz) Thnsn aienotagis sncdgl cnkd tg lgrtkcatq# b~t nxtnisaun shncc nrgsagi kid znregrktagi lkq cnkd tg nitrq ge gthnr  gzzgrt gzzgrt~ia ~iasta stao o zkthgf zkthgfnis nis)) Tqzaok Tqzaokccq ccq## znd~i znd~io~ o~ckt cktn n (fggsn (fggsn!! bkriko bkrikocns cns ge thn fni~s fni~s szz) aihkba aihkbatt thn brkioh brkiohakc akc ohklb ohklbnrs nrs ge l~d l~d orkbs# orkbs# nsznoa nsznoakccq kccq gi thn Gotgckslas szz) unitrkc s~rekons ge thn faccs) Thn stkcm bnkrs# kt ats ernn nid# thn rnst ge thn bgdq migvi ks thn okzat~c~l niocgsnd ai k lkitcn egrlnd bq thn okrkzkon (Eafs) 2?# 24!) Bkcki~s (kogri bkrikocn! as eg~id kttkohnd tg rgoms bncgv hafh vktnr lkrms gr bgttgl sadn ge  orkb hadng~ts daeenraif ergl Gotgckslas sz) ai hkuaif ig znd~iocn= k snt ge shncc as darnotcq kttkohnd tg thn s~bstrkt~l) Thn snt ge shnccs egrl k sgrt ge ogin shkznd oksn s~rrg~idaif thn bgdq# kid thn gzniaif as ocgsnd bq k cad egrlnd ge eg~r gznro~ckr  Bkcki~s kid gthnr bkrikocns! zcktns (Eaf) 2>!) _nunrkc sznoans ge bkckiad oarrazndns ((Bkcki~s caun kttkohnd tg thn okrkzkon# ohncaznds ge orkbs gr shnccs ge lgcc~sos kid gthnr  gb`not gb`nots s kukack kukackbcn bcn ai o~ct~r o~ct~rn n zgids) zgids) Thn ukrant ukrantans ans ge lntkp lntkpgki gkis s kid kid aitnis aitnisatq atq ge  aienstktagi ai zgid ogidatagi krn getni ogrrncktnd vath thn sapn ge thn orkbs d~n tg cgifnr nxzgs~rn kid aitnrlg~ct znragds) Bksnd gi k st~dq gi zgrt~iad orkb# Zgrt~i~s ;>

 znckfao~s# sgln sgln vgrmnr vgrmnrs s rnzgrt rnzgrtnd nd thkt thkt enlkcn enlkcn orkbs orkbs zgssns zgssnssnd snd lgrn lgrn sznoan sznoans s ge  zkrksatns kid sqlbagits thki lkcn orkbs ai tnrls ge daunrsatq kid kb~idkion) _alackr  sat~ktagis kcsg dg nxast ai l~d orkbs)

Kigt Kigthn hnrr or~s or~stk tkon onki ki cnkd cnkdai aif f zkrk zkrksa satao tao caen caen gi dnok dnokzg zgds ds as _koo~caik vath nxtrnln rnd~otagi ai grfkiapktagi kid hks thn kzznkrkion ge k ecnshq t~lg~r kttkohnd bq k znd~iocn tg thn kbdglni ge thn orkb gi ats unitrkc sadn (Eaf) 25!) Kt thn haid nid ge thn zkrksatn as thn ocgkokc kznrt~rn# vhaoh cnkds tg thn lkitcn okuatq) Thnrn krn ig trkons trkons ge snfln snflnitk itktag tagi i gr kzznid kzznidkfn kfns s gr nuni nuni kcaln kcalnitk itkrq rq okikc okikc)) _koo~caik as k ~ia{~n zkrksatn ai thkt ai thn aiatakc stkfns# znd~iocn snids i~lnrg~s eacklnitg~s zrgonssns znintrktaif tg ukrag~s grfkis ge thn orkb# nuni aitg cnfs kid kitnii~cns egr  ig~ras ig~rashl hlnit nit kid daszgs daszgskc kc ge vkstn vkstn zrgd~o zrgd~ots) ts) Thn zrnsn zrnsnion ion ge zkrks zkrksatn atn ok~sn ok~sns s dnfninrktagi ge tass~ns ge thn orkb kid haidnrs thn egrlktagi ge o~taocn kt thn satn ge  kttkohlnit d~raif nunrq s~oonssaun lg~ctaif# kid thrg~fh at thn bgdq ge  _koo~caik zrg`not ernncq ks k ecnshq lkss) _koo~caik as k tqzaokc nxklzcn ge zkrksatn aid~ond okstrktagi ai thkt thn aienotnd lkcn orkb nxhabats k tnidnioq tg dnuncgz ohkrkotnrastaos ge enlkcn enlkcns= s= thn kbdgln kbdglni i bnogl bnoglns ns brgkdn brgkdnrr camn camn enlkcn enlkcns# s# thn ogz~ck ogz~cktgr tgrq q grfkis grfkis (zcngzgds! fnt rnd~ond kid bnogln s~atnd egr okrrqaif nffs vhnrnks ai enlkcn orkbs thn svallnrnttns (zcngzgds! bnogln shgrtnind)

Orkbs kcsg kot ks aitnrlndaktn hgsts bq hkrbg~raif lntkonrokrakc stkfns (ai thn hnzk hnzktg tgzk zkio iorn rnks ks##

l~so l~so~c ~ckt kt~r ~rn n

kid kid

aitn aitnri rikc kc

ogii ogiino notau taun n

tass~ tass~ns ns!!

ge

dafn dafnin inki ki

trnlktgdns trnlktgdns ge cgvnr kid hafhnr hafhnr unrtnbrktns unrtnbrktns (lkaicq k{~ktao bards kid lkllkcs! lkllkcs! b~t rkrncq kiq kd~ct trnlktgdns# onstgdns gr inlktgdns) _oqcck szz)# kcsg kot ks zkrktniao hgsts egr thn aienotag~s ckrukn ge lkiq sznoans ge inlktgdns ge hafhnr unrtnbrktns (nf)  Kifagstrgifqc~s sz)!) Hgvnunr# thn znronaund thrnkts tg gthnr kialkcs ' lki bq vkq ge nktaif l~d orkbs krn ckrfncq ~imigvi ai Aidak# ks oglzkrnd tg lkiq sznoans ge ernshvktnr orkbs)

?)> Igi,aienotag~s dasnksns

?)>); Dnegrlatans

;5

Ai hktohnrq zhksn# k ekac~rn gr dnckq ai lg~ctaif ergl pgnk tg lnfkcgzk d~n tg thn kttkoh kttkohln lnit it ge thn rnsad~ rnsad~kc kc nxgsmn nxgsmncnt cntgi gi egr snunr snunrkc kc hg~rs hg~rs ok~sns ok~sns kbigrl kbigrlkc kc svallaif bnhkuag~r kid aikbacatq tg ogis~ln ennd) Niuargilnitkc zkrklntnrs kid i~tranit aikdn{~koq# nto) krn alzcaoktnd ai thn dnckq gr ekac~rn ge lg~ctaif)

K rkifn ge dnegrlatans hkun bnni gbsnrund ai frgv,g~t o~ct~rn (Eafs) 26,?:!) Thnsn aioc~dn lg~ctaif ekac~rn# lassaif cnfs# kbdglaikc eckzs# kbigrlkcatans ge ohncktn cnfs# ockvs# nto) d~n tg thn kttkom ge hkrd shnccnd orkbs gi ernshcq lg~ctnd orkbs# kbigrlkc g~tfrgvth# gr ai`~rq d~n tg ukrag~s ekrlaif gznrktagis) Kcc thnsn ekotgrs nihk nihkio ion n thn thn nitr nitrq q ge gzzg gzzgrt rt~i ~ias asta tao o zkth zkthgf gfni nis s kid kid rnd~ rnd~on on thn thn lkrm lkrmnt nt ukc~ ukc~n n ge  hkru hkruns nstn tnd d orkb orkbs) s) Thnr Thnrn n as igt igt l~oh l~oh nuadn nuadnio ion n thkt thkt i~tra i~trata tagi gikc kc dnea dneaoa oani nioa oans ns gr  albkckions ok~sn kiq dasnksn ai l~d orkbs aioc~daif lainrkcs# uatklais# nssnitakc ekttq koads# ks thnrn as ig st~dq aiugcuaif oglzcntn dnznidnion gi krtaeaoakc dant ai frgv,g~t o~ct~rn ai Aidak)

?)>)2 Kcbaiasl

K saifcn rnzgrt ge daogcg~rktagi nathnr gi okrkzkon gr gi calbs ai Klnraoki bc~n skzad~s! as kukackbcn) Kigthnr ogidatagi migvi ks ‘hnzktgzkiornks orkb (Okccainotns (Okccainotns skzad~s! kcbaiasl‑ rnfkrdnd ks k i~tratagikc dasnksn ks thn rnksgi egr snrag~s nogcgfaokc kid Nragohnar sainisas! sainisas! ai aitnisaun rnkraif zkthgcgfaokc zrgbcnls ai Ohainsn lattni orkb ((Nragohnar krnks ge Tkah~ Ckmn kid gthnr rnfagis ge Ohaik hks kcsg bnni rnzgrtnd) Zkrtakc kcbaiasl gi okrkzkon kid cnfs hks bnni gbsnrund ai zgid rnkrnd `~uniacns ge  _) trki{~nbkraok ai Aidak (Eafs) ?;#?2!)

2)5 Gthnr Dasnksns

K inv shncc shncc dasnks dasnksn n ge igi,ai igi,aieno enotag tag~s ~s ikt~rn ikt~rn kid ~ionr ~ionrtka tkai i ntagcg ntagcgfq fq ai _) snrrktk hks bnni rnzgrtnd ergl K~strkcak) Thas dasnksn as ohkrkotnrapnd bq arrnf~ckrcq shkz shkznd nd oaro oaro~ck ~ckrr cnsa cnsagi gis s ogll ogllgi gicq cq okccn okccnd d ‘r~st ‘r~st szgt szgt shnc shnccc dasn dasnks ksn‑ n‑ kid kid ~ia{ ~ia{~n ~n hastgzkthgcgfaokc kctnrktagi# kid hks thn zgtnitakc tg dklkfn lkrmnts ge l~d orkb) Hgvnunr# thas dasnksn hks igt bnni rnzgrtnd r nzgrtnd ergl Aidaki vktnrs)

;6

L~d orkbs kcsg csg shgv sqlztgls kras rasaif g~t ge kiq strns rnss s~oh ks gunrorgvdaif# nxtrnln tnlznrkt~rn gr zH# cgv dassgcund gxqfni# kllgiak# nto) Thn ogidatagi as getni rnunrsabcn gion thn strnssnd ogidatagi as ogrrnotnd) Bckomniaif ge  faccs (Eaf) ??! lkq sglntalns bn eg~id ks k lkiaenstktagi ge snunrkc gthnr dasnksn sqidrglns# zrnoazatktagi ge dassgcund ohnlaokcs# t~rbadatq# Uatklai O dneaoanioq# nto) Fninrkc dasogcgrktagi ge faccs lkq goo~r d~n tg lnckiapktagi ge tass~n kid inorgsas# vhaoh lkq bn uasabcn thrg~fh thn sadn ge okrkzkon)

Thn nxastnion ge kiq pggigtao dasnksns grafaiktaif ergl l~d orkb as igt migvi ohgcnrkn nrkn as k ik ai Aidak) Aidak) Hgvnunr# Hgvnunr# Uabrag ohgc ikt~r t~rkc kc ogi ogitkl tklaik aikit it bko bkotnr tnrak ak goo goo~rr ~rraif aif ai brkomash kid nst~krain vktnrs ogrrncktnd vath thn nzadnlagcgfq kid trkislassagi ge  ohgcnrk ai thn ogkstkc niuargilnit) Orkb gr thn orkb lnkt as igrlkccq oggmnd bnegrn ogis~lztagi= hnion thn rasm ge h~lki aienotagi as ncalaiktnd) Hgvnunr# ogitklaiktagi vath bkotnrak thkt oki ok~sn h~lki dasnksns lkq goo~r d~raif thn zrgonssaif ge orkb lnkt# kid eggd skentq rnf~cktagis shg~cd thnrnegrn bn straotcq egccgvnd)

?)6 Bnhkuagrkc ksznots

?)6); Okiiabkcasl

Okiiabkcasl ai orkbs as k bnhkuag~rkc trkat thkt lkq darnotcq ok~sn ai`~rq ' dnkth ge thn vnkmnr ' slkccnr, sapnd orkbs getni ketnr lg~ctaif# kid at as rnzgrtnd ks k snrag~ snrag~s s zrgbcn zrgbcnl l ai l~d l~d orkb orkb frgv,g frgv,g~t ~t zgids) zgids) Thas Thas bnhkua bnhkuag~r g~r stkrts stkrts ks nkrcq nkrcq ks lnfkcgzk stkfn ai hktohnrq bq dnug~raif pgnkn kid koog~itnd egr k szamn ai lgrtkcatq d~raif lntklgrzhgsas) Thaiiaif g~t thn zgz~cktagi kid enndaif ge kdn{~ktn caun ennd hkun bnni eg~id ~sne~c ai rnd~oaif thn okiiabkcasl) Qg~if orkbs# bnrrand orkbs kid rnon rnonit itcq cq lg~c lg~ctn tnd d orkb orkbs s krn krn getn getni i kttk kttkom omnd nd bq gthn gthnrr orkb orkbs s cnkd cnkdai aif f tg cgss cgss ge  kzznidkfns s~oh ks znragzgds kid ohncaznds gr nuni lgrtkcatq) Ai hktohnrq# skidq s~bstrktn kid ' gr ZUO zazns krn eg~id tg bn adnkc shnctnrs (Eafs) ?4,?6!) ^idnr  ekrlai ekrlaif f ogidat ogidatagi agis# s# okiiab okiiabkca kcasl sl oki bn laiala laialapnd pnd bq sapn sapn frkdai frkdaif f kid zrguad zrguadaif aif kdn{~ktn shnctnr ' hg~saif krnks# ks hadaif zckon egr thn lg~ctaif orkbs ai zgids) Thas og~cd aioc~dn shkccgv krnks# krtaeaoakc shnctnrs lkdn ge tacns ' braoms ' zazns gr nuni lg~its rkasnd ergl thn zgid bgttgl (Eafs) ?8,4;!) Ai ekttniaif# thn orkbs krn mnzt aidauad aidauad~kc ~kccq cq ai znregr znregrktn ktnd d oglzkr oglzkrtl tlnit nits s lkdn lkdn ge cgokcc cgokccq q kukack kukackbcn bcn lktnr lktnrakcs akcs camn camn ;8

bklbgg# ints# zckstao ogitkainrs ' eabrn fckss okfns# nto)# thkt kccgvs ernn ecgv ge vktnr  (Eafs) 42,44!)

Ai

sgln gln

dnuk nukstkt stktai aif f

zkrk zkrks satao atao

daig aigeck eckfncc fncck ktn

aien aienot otaagis gis

ok~s ok~snd nd

bq

Hnlktgdaia~l sz)# sz)# lgrb lgrbad adat atq q kid kid lgrtk lgrtkcat catq q kzzn kzznkr kr tg dnzn dnznid id gi thn thn b~rd b~rdni ni ge  zkrksatao grfkiasls ai ogitrkst tg lntkonrokrak# laorgszgradak# nto) Hnkuacq aienotnd kial kialkc kcs s bnog bnogln ln cnth cnthkr krfa fao o kid# kid# ae igt igt zrnq zrnqnd nd ~zgi ~zgi## s~oo s~oo~l ~lb b tg gunr gunrvh vhnc ncla laif if aienotagi) Alzgrtkion ge okiiabkcasl kcsg cans ai thn ekot thkt thnsn vnkmnr orkbs niog~rkfn szarkc b~act ~z ge hnkuq zkrksatasl ai thn hnkcthq okiiabkcastao orkbs)

?)8 Dasnksn zrnunitagi

Dasnksns fninrkccq zrgfrnss {~aomcq kid rns~ct ai hafh lgrtkcatq cnkdaif tg safi safiae aeao aoki kitt nogi nogigl glao ao cgss cgss)) Ergl Ergl ki nogi nogigl glao ao kid kid lkikf kikfnl nlni nitt uanv uanv zgai zgait# t# –zrnunitagi as bnttnr thki o~rn“ vhni at oglns tg dasnksn ai k{~ktao grfkiasls kt ckrfn) Vhacn daso~ssaif dasnksn zrnunitagi# at as nxtrnlncq alzgrtkit tg ~idnrstkid thn ikt~rn ge dasnksn kid thn rg~tn ok~sn kid ats zgssabcn nitrq aitg zrgd~otagi sqstnls) a)n)# ok~snd bq cauaif laorgbakc (uarkc# e~ifkc# bkotnrakc! gr  Dasnksns lkq bn aienotag~s# a)n)# a)n)# ok~snd bq igi,cauaif ekotgrs# (i~tratagikc zkrksatao grfkiasls# gr igi,aienotag~s# a)n)# dneaoanioans# bnhkuag~rkc zrgbcnls kid hgstacn niuargilnit gr tgxais!) Dasnksns lkq a)n)# ok~snd bq ki aienotag~s gr igi,aienotag~s kfnit kotaif kcgin gr  kcsg bn zralkrq# a)n)# a)n)# thnq lkq goo~r egccgvaif gr rns~ctaif ergl sgln gthnr  thnq lkq bn snogidkrq# a)n)# aiatak aiataktai taif f ok~sn) ok~sn) Thnrn Thnrn krn i~lnrg i~lnrg~s ~s nxklz nxklzcns cns ge bgth bgth zralk zralkrq rq kid kid snogid snogidkrq krq dasnksns) Thn lkai rg~tns ge zralkrq dasnksns lkq bn thrg~fh aiec~nit vktnr# thn ~sn ge aienotnd ennd lktnrakcs (trksh eash# ockl# nto)! gr nxzgs~rn tg gthnr aienotnd aienotnd orkbs) Ks s~oh# zralkrq dasnksns oki bn kugadnd bq nxoc~daif thn laorgbakc grfkiasl gr  zkrksatn ergl thn o~ct~rn sqstnl thrg~fh thn ~sn ge ocnki vktnr# ~iaienotnd enndst~ees kid kugadkion ge orkb ergl ~ionrtaeand sg~rons) Vktnr trnktlnit ~saif eactrktagi# ^U rkdaktagi# kid bagogitrgc kfnits camn igi,uar~cnit kid bnineaoakc grfkiasls s~oh ks laorgkcfkn hkun bnni eg~id ~sne~c tg ogitrgc thn frgvth ge zkthgfniao bkotnrak ai bgth hktohnrq kid frgv,g~t zgids) _nogidkrq dasnksns ogllgicq kooglzkiq zggr  niuargilnitkc ogidatagis kid ' gr strnss kid zggr ekrl lkikfnlnit (Eaf) 4>!)

;1

Aiuksagi ge vacd k{~ktao grfkiasl ai thn o~ct~rn sqstnl kcsg zgsn strnss tg thn o~ct~rnd orkbs nsznoakccq ckrfn i~lbnr ge zgtnitakccq hkrle~c vacd orkbs# fkstrgzgds kid gthnr or~stkonkis bq hkrbg~raif zkthgfnis ge o~ct~rn kialkcs kid dasr~ztaif cgokc nogsqstnl (Eafs) 45k,h!) Th~s# goo~rrnion ge dasnksn ai orkbs ks ai oksn ge  gthnr k{~ktao grfkiasls as ~s~kccq thn rns~ct ge k oglzcnx aitnrkotagi bntvnni hgst kid thnar niuargilnit# kid thn zrnsnion'kbsnion ge k fauni zkthgfni) Thn kal as tg rnstraot thn frgvth ge zgtnitakc zkthgfnis# aioc~daif uar~s# bkotnrak# e~ifa kid zkrksatns ai thn o~ct~rn sqstnl) _nrag~s dasnksn ogidatagis ai orkbs fninrkccq krasn ergl tvg soni sonikr krag ags0 s0 a! s~b, s~b,gz gzta talk lkcc frgv frgvai aif f ogid ogidat atag agis is vhao vhaoh h rnid rnidnr nr thn thn kial kialkcs kcs lgrn lgrn s~sonz s~sonztab tabcn cn tg gzzgrt gzzgrt~ia ~iasta stao o zkthgf zkthgfnis nis kid aa! nxzgs nxzgs~rn ~rn ge ikaun ikaun kid s~son s~sonztab ztabcn cn aidauad~kcs tg aienotag~s kfnits)

?)8); Vktnr {~kcatq

Thn aioadnion ge dasnksn as hafhnr ai cgv {~kcatq vktnr) _~b,gztalkc gr hnkuq kcfkc bcggls kcsg keenot thn {~kcatq ge niuargilnit) L~d orkbs krn zrgin tg strnss vhni thn niuargilnitkc ogidatagis dntnragrktn) L~d orkbs oki tgcnrktn k vadn rkifn ge tnlznrkt~rn (;8 , ?>gO! kid skcaiatq (5 , ?> zzt!) Hgvnunr# ~idnr calataif ogidatagis ge gxqfni# thnq cnkun thn vktnr kid brnkthn ktlgszhnrao ktlgszhnrao kar) Vhni orkbs lgct# thnq krn ~ikbcn tg cnkun thn vktnr thkt as dnzcntnd ge gxqfni kid ogisn{~nitcq dan) Thn snrrktk k ckrukn tgcnrkion tgcnrkion ge  _) snrrkt ckrukn tg tgtkc tgtkc kllgi kllgiak ak dad igt kzznkr kzznkr tg aiornk aiornksn sn vath vath gitgfniao dnuncgzlnit) Hnion# niuargilnitkc ohkrkotnrastaos l~st bn s~atkbcn kid eat egr orkbs tg tgcnrktn kid okrrq g~t thnar zhqsagcgfaokc e~iotagis) Thn gztal~l vktnr  ogidatagis rn{~arnd egr thn orkb o~ct~rn krn0

Vktnr tnlznrkt~rn (gO!

2?,?>

_kcaiatq (zzt!

;:,?>

DG ogion ionitrk itrkta tagi gi (zzl (zzl!!

94

zH

8):,8)>

Vktnr dnzth (ol!

98:

Dnsarkbcn vktnr ogcgr

fgcdni brgvi

Trkiszkrnioq (ol!

y?:

2:

Alzgrtkit vkqs tg zrnunit orkb dasnksns krn tg nis~rn hafh vktnr {~kcatq ai thn rnkraif niuargilnit bq rnf~ckr vktnr nxohkifn gr rnf~ckr trnktlnit tg rnlgun vkstns kid kid zgcc zgcc~t ~tki kits ts)) Thn Thn o~ct~ o~ct~rn rn krnk krnk (tkim (tkim## zgid zgid gr okfn okfn!! l~st l~st bn mnzt mnzt ernn ernn ergl ergl koo~l~cktagi ge eash vkstns kid ~inktni ennd) Bckom facc dasnksn fninrkccq egccgvs ki aiornksn ai thn grfkiao dntrat~s) Ae inonsskrq# sgln egrl ge knrktagi dnuaon shg~cd bn nlzc nlzcgq gqnd nd tg lkai lkaitk tkai ai hafh hafh dass dassgc gcun und d gxqf gxqfni ni cnun cnuncs cs)) _trn _trnss ss rns~ rns~ct ctai aif f ergl ergl cgv cgv dassgcund gxqfni ogionitrktagis as rnszgisabcn egr lkiq oksns ge lkss lgrtkcatq) Aidaoktgrs Aidaoktgrs ge vktnr {~kcatq (n)f) kllgiak# kllgiak# iatratn# skcaiatq# zH# vktnr tnlznrkt~rn tnlznrkt~rn kid dassgcund gxqfni! shg~cd bn lnks~rnd gi k rnf~ckr bksas)

L~d orkb zgz~cktagis kid thnar rnor~atlnits krn rnzgrtnd tg bn dnocaiaif d~n tg znstaoadn zgcc~tagi ergl kfrao~ct~rkc gznrktagi# aid~strakc kid snvkfn neec~nits thkt getni nid ~z ai raunrs# nst~krans kid gonkis) Thn k{~ktao sqstnl as thnrnegrn thn lgst ogll ogllgi gi tkrf tkrfnt nt ge hnku hnkuq q lntk lntkc# c# znst znstao aoad adns ns kid kid znrs znrsas astn tnit it grfk grfkia iao o zgcc~ zgcc~tk tkit its s ogitklaiktagi) L~d orkb hks k frnkt zgtnitakc ks k trgzaokc# baglgiatgraif sznoans bnok~sn ats okzkoatq tg bagkoo~l~cktn k rkifn ge ogitklaikits) Bagkoo~l~cktagi ge  hafh cnuncs ge hnkuq lntkcs (Hf# Zb# kid Od! ai lkiq k{~ktao kialkcs aioc~daif orkb hks bnni rnzgrtnd) _t~dans gi _) snrrktk ergl Lkhkikda nst~krq (Grassk! tg dntnrlain thn ogionitrktagi ge iain ncnlnits (M# Ok# Li# En# O~# Pi# _n# Br kid Zb! ai daeenrnit tass~ns rnunkcnd lkrmnd daeenrnion ai thn ncnlnitkc ogionitrktagis bntvnni snx ge  thn l~d orkbs# vhaoh lkq bn rncktnd tg thn frgvth rktn kid gthnr bagcgfaokc kotauatans) Hgvnunr# ig safiaeaokit daeenrnions ai thn ogionitrktagi ge ncnlnits (Ok# Li# En# O~ kid Pi! ai thn tass~ns tass~ns ge `~unia `~uniacns cns kid kd~cts kd~cts ge rnszno rnsznotau taun n snx snx vnrn vnrn gbsnru gbsnrund# nd# snrrktk) Hgvnunr# ig s~oh aidaoktaif thn kotaun rnf~cktagi ge thnsn ncnlnits bq _) snrrktk) _oqcck szz) ~idnr ekrlaif ogidatagis# ks at as alzgrtkit egr  st~dq as kukackbcn ai oksn ge  ge _oqcck lkrmntkbacatq kid {~kcatq kss~rkion)

?)8)2 Ennd {~kcatq

Ennd l~st bn stgrnd ogrrnotcq tg zrnunit thn aitrgd~otagi ge aienotag~s kfnits kid tg nis~rn nis~rn thkt thn i~tratagikc i~tratagikc ukc~n dgns igt dntnragrktn dntnragrktn)) Thn ~sn ge trksh eash gr  kiq caun ennd lkq rnkdacq aitrgd~on laorgbakc grfkiasls aitg thn o~ct~rn sqstnl) Ae  vhgcn eash# ockl# l~ssnc# s{~ad kid'gr zrkvis krn ~snd# thnsn shg~cd bn sikz ergpni vhacn ernsh# kid stgrnd kt ,;8 tg ,?:ºO egr kt cnkst ;:,2; dkqs bnegrn ~sn) Thas vacc 2;

laiala laialapn pn thn trkisl trkislass assagi agi ge onrtka onrtkai i zkrks zkrksatns atns b~t b~t vacc vacc igt inonss inonsskra kracq cq aikota aikotaukt uktn n aienotag~s kfnits) Kttnlzts tg ~sn egrl~cktnd znccnt ennd egr ekttniaif kid ekrlaif ge  l~d orkbs ai nkrthni zgids shgvnd niog~rkfaif rns~cts) Znccntnd ennd shg~cd kcsg bn mnzt oggc# adnkccq kt cnss thki 2:ºO) Ai thn drq snksgi at as ~s~kccq s~eeaoanit tg mnnz thn ennd ai k shkdnd b~acdaif) Ai vkrl h~lad ogidatagis# znccntnd ennd oki {~aomcq dntnragrktn) Ekts bnogln rkioad# uatklais brnkm dgvi kid lg~cd oki frgv gi thn ennd rncnksaif tgxais) Ennd shg~cd igt bn stgrnd egr nxtnidnd znragds kid fggd ennd stgrn lkikfnlnit shg~cd bn nlzcgqnd tg mnnz trkom ge stgom kid nis~rn thkt thn ennd end tg thn eash as ge thn hafhnst {~kcatq)

?)8)? [~krkitain

Thn snnd kid brggd orkbs lkq sglntalns hkrbg~r zkthgfnis vathg~t shgvaif kiq kzzkrnit ocaiaokc sqlztgls) ^icnss zrnuag~scq tnstnd kid onrtaeand# kiq inv cgt ge  orkbs brg~fht gitg thn ekrl'hktohnrq shg~cd bn {~krkitaind egr k laial~l ge tvg vnnms tg adnitaeq kiq dasnksns# zkthgfnis gr zkrksatns) Bkth trnktlnit vath egrlkcai kid kid

e~if e~ifao aoad adn n

d~rai raif

{~krki krkita tain in

lkq

bn

ino inonsskr sskrq q

tg

ncal calaikt aiktn n

eg~c eg~cai aif f

laorggrfkiasls# zkrksatns kid e~ifkc aienotagis (Eaf) 46!) Kdukiond tnstaif ge orkb egr  kiq sznoaeao kfnits lkq bn ~idnrtkmni d~raif thas znragd (Eaf) 48!)

?)8)4 Fninrkc {~krkitain kid hnkcth rn{~arnlnits

Dasnksns fninrkccq keenot thn nsthntao cggm# z~bcao gzaiagi kid lkrmntkbacatq ge  thn kiq k{~k,z k{~k,zrgd rgd~ot ~ot aioc~d aioc~daif aif orkb) orkb) Kdhnrn Kdhnrnion ion ge Fgunri Fgunriln lnitk itkcc rnf~ck rnf~cktag tagis is gi laial~l sapn kid caun shazzaif ge orkbs egr nxzgrt lkq nihkion onrtkai zkthgfnis kid aikdunrtnit aitrgd~otagi tg inv rnfagis) Hnion# at as alzgrtkit thkt gion orkbs krn gbsn gbsnru rund nd tg bn saom saom gr nuni nuni ae thnq thnq hkun hkun s~dd s~ddni nicq cq ohki ohkifn fnd d thna thnarr bnhk bnhkua uag~ g~r# r# zrgenssagikc gzaiagi shg~cd bn sg~fht) Ketnr k zrgbcnl hks bnni gbsnrund kid bnegrn k dakf dakfig igsa sas s hks hks bnni bnni gbtk gbtkai aind nd## thn thn ekrl ekrl l~st l~st zcko zckon n atsnc atsncee ~idn ~idnrr k ugc~ ugc~it itkr krq q {~krkitain vath rnstraotagis ge kcc lgunlnits ge o~ct~rn orkbs gitg kid gee thn ekrl) Ekac~rn tg dg sg og~cd `ngzkrdapn gthnr ekrlaif gznrktagis# rasm ogitklaiktagi ge thn s~rrg~idaif k{~ktao niuargilnit kid szrnkd ge aienotagi tg inafhbg~raif ekrls)

?)1) Dasnksn lkikfnlnit lnks~rns 22

Thn dasnksn ogitrgc zrgfrkllns ai k{~ko~ct~rn l~st aioc~dn nxklaiktagi ge  dasnksns kid lgrtkcatans ai hgcastao lkiinr kid ogisadnr ukrag~s ekotgrs s~oh ks stgomaif dnisatans# niuargilnit (t~rbadatq# tnlznrkt~rn# zH# skcaiatq# dassgcund gxqfni ge vktnr kid rndgx zgtnitakc ge sgac!# rktn ge vktnr nxohkifn# zrnsnion ge bgttgl dvnccaif kcfkn# thn tqzn ge ennd kid ats rktn ge ogis~lztagi# zhqtgzckimtgi bcggl# zhqsagcgfaokc stkt~s ge orkbs# nto) Thnsn ekotgrs ogisadnrnd tgfnthnr fg gi cgif vkq ai lkikfnlnit ge dasnksn zrgbcnls) Lgst ge thn dasnksn ogitrgc lnthgds krn bksnd gi zrnunitaun lnks~rns dnsorabnd kbgun)

4) Ogioc~sagis

Dasnksns ge l~d orkbs ((_oqcck szz)! lkq lkq bn ok~sn ok~snd d bq cauaif cauaif kfnits kfnits camn camn _oqcck szz)! uar~sns# bkotnrak# e~ifa# zkrksatns kid nzaogllniskcs) Ai l~d orkbs# dasnksns goo~r  ai oglbaiktagi ge zkthgfnis kid krn getni oglzcaoktnd bq i~tratagikc# niuargilnitkc kid lkikfnlnit dneaoanioans) Thnrn as k innd tg ~idnrstkid dasnksn kid ekotgrs thkt ogitrab~tns ats dnuncgzlnit kid g~tbrnkm) E~rthnr# lkfiat~dn ge nxastaif dasnksns kid nlnrfnion ge inv dasnksns vacc ogitai~n vath aitnisaeaoktagi ge orkb o~ct~rn) Thn orgss aienotagis bntvnni l~d orkb kid gthnr o~ct~rnd zniknad shralz ~idnr eancd ogidatagis kid thn z~rzgrtnd rgcn ge l~d orkb ks ‘okrranrs‑ ge zkthgfnis kcsg innd e~rthnr nc~oadktagi) Thn trkdatagikc strktnfq ge ‘stklzaif g~t thn zkthgfnis‑ as daeeao~ct tg kzzcq ai k{~ktao niuargilnit) Thn ohkrkotnrastao enkt~rn ge lkrmntaif ge l~d orkb as thn lgunlnit ge caun kialkcs bntvnni zrgd~otagi satns kid lkrmnt satns) Thnrnegrn# aihnrnit zgtnitakc egr trkislassagi ge zkthgfnis ai sat~# ekoacatktaif thn szrnkd tg k rnckta rncktaunc uncq q ikaun ikaun hgst hgst kid'gr kid'gr niuarg niuargiln ilnit it okiigt okiigt bn gunrcg gunrcggmn gmnd) d) Gbuag~ Gbuag~scq scq## bksao bksao migvcndfn ogionriaif thn zkthgfnis uas,ê,uas ge o~ct~rnd l~d orkbs kid hgv thnq aitnrkot vath thnar hgsts ckfs bnhaid thn innds ge thn aid~strq) Hnion k straot hnkcth lkikfn lkikfnln lnit it rnfaln rnfalni i rnugcu rnugcuaif aif krg~id krg~id soanit soanitaeao aeao brnnda brnndaif# if# ekrlaif ekrlaif## kid zrgznr  zrgznr  lkikfnlnit ge vktnr# ennd kid dr~f ~skfn as rn{~arnd tg s~stkai l~d orkb ekrlaif)

>) Komigvcndfnlnits Komigvcndfnlnits

Thn k~thgrs krn thkime~c tg Dr) K)F) Zgiiakh# Darnotgr# Onitrkc Aistat~tn ge  Brkomashvktnr K{~ko~ct~rn (OABK!# Ohniika egr zrguadaif ekoacatans) _aionrn thkims krn 2?

kcsg kcsg d~n d~n tg Dr) Dr) T)O) T)O)_k _kit itak akfg fg## _oan _oanit itas astt Ai,O Ai,Ohk hkrf rfn# n# K{~k K{~ktao tao Kial Kialkc kc Hnkc Hnkcth th kid kid Niuargilnit Dauasagi egr niog~rkfnlnit) Thn k~thgrs krn kcsg thkime~c tg _hra) L) Mktharunc# Zraioazkc _oanitast (Rtd)!# OABK egr hncze~c daso~ssagis# orataokc rnkdaif ge thn lki~sorazt kid zrguadaif sgln ge thn zhgtgfrkzhs)

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