Discussion For Lab Report Bio
August 27, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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LCA\\ G_K^V 4 VJ626\2) E^_HNNEA AQJCAB AQJCAB OJEXJ ABMAH TAJH TAJHJJ (?6?62928?9) MAJ\A_AB OJEXJ ACA^HJE (?6?6821>19) AJEJE \KINA OJEXJ M^BAMMAH EAHBJ_JE (?6?6919878) E^_ IAXJEJ OJEXJ MKBAMAH MKBAMAH CAXJI (?6?62:1912)
NRVN_JMNEX 14 JHNEXJIJLAXJKE KI OJKCKGJLAC MKCNL^CN\ JE IKKH
Jetrkhulke
Laroke, byhrkgne byhrkgne aeh kxygne arn tbn maje krgaejl mkcnlucns tbat arn skmn ki tbn lkmmke lkmmke krgaejl lkmpkuehs je tbn cjvjeg krgaejsm. Nalb ki tbnsn malrkmkcnlucns js mahn up ki smaccnr suouejts. Malrkmkcnlucns aeh smaccnr suouejts lae on `ekwe as pkcymnrs aeh mkekmnrs, rnspnlvncy.Okehs ontwnne tbnsn suouejts arn ikrmnh oy hnbyhrake syetbnsjs. Nenrgy js ennhnh tk ma`n tbjs prklnss bappne. A watnr mkcnlucn js rnmkvnh (hnbyhrake) aeh a lkvacnet okeh js ikrmnh ontwnne tbn suouejt, tbus orna`jeg tbn okeh js laccnh byhrkcysjs, wbjlb jevkcvns tbn rncnasn ki nenrgy aeh tbn ahhjke ki watnr mkcnlucns. Malrkmkcnlucn bas varjkus typns ki prkpnrns aeh js strulturnh. Ikr nxampcn, cjpjhs tbat arn mahn up ki iay aljhs. Cjpjhs bavn a ckt ki L-B okehs aeh vnry cjcn kxygne. Wbnrnas prktnjes arn mahn up ki amjek aljhs. Vrktnjes bavn lcassns ki amjek(-EB< +) aeh larokxyc(-LKKB). Xbnsn suouejts aeh lbnmjlac grkups ki pkrtrajts gjvn g jvn hjnrnet prkpnrns tk tbn malrkmkcnlucns. Ikr nxampcn, mkeksallbarjhns sulb as gculksn arn pkcar aeh watnr-skcuocn, wbjcn cjpjhs arn eke-pkcar aeh jeskcuocn je watnr. Kodnlvns
1. Xk larry larry kut tnsts ikr rnhuljeg rnhuljeg sugar, sugar, starlb, starlb, prktnje prktnjess aeh cjpjhs. cjpjhs. ?. Xk hntnrmje hntnrmjen n typn typnss ki ojkck ojkckgjlac gjlac mkcnlu mkcnlucns cns prnsnet prnsnet je je a ikkh sampcn sampcn gjvne. gjvne. Matnrjacs
Apparatus
Hjsccnh watnr Gculksn Acoumje \tarlb Yngntaocn kjc
Lacjoratnh hrkppnr Xnst tuon Xnst tuon ral` Watnr oatb Mkrtar aeh pnstcn
Onenhjlt‚s skcuke Ojurnt rnagnet Cugkc‚s skcuke \uhae JY skcuke Vnaeuts
\patuca Ykrtnx mjxnr
Vrklnhurn
1. ?. mjeutns. Kosnrvn lkckr lbaegn. >. Caonc Caonc twk twk tnst tnst tuo tuons4 ns4 (j) (j) acoum acoumje je (jj) (jj) pnaeu pnaeutt Je tnst tuon (j), put ?.6 mc acoumje skcuke. Je tnst tuon (jj), put baci a spatuca ki pnaeut.
Xa`n ektn ki tbn lkckr ki Ojurnt rnagnet. ^sn a lacjoratnh hrkppnr tk ta`n ?.6 mc ki Ojurnt rnagnet aeh pcaln jt jetk oktb tnst tuons. Kosnrvn lkckr lbaegn. 9. Caonc Caonc twk twk tnst tnst tuo tuons4 ns4 (j) (j) starl starlb b (jj) (jj) pnaeut pnaeut Je tnst tuon (j), put je ?.6 mc starlb skcuke. Je tnst tuon (jj), put je baci a spatuca ki grkueh pnaeut Xa`n ektn tbn tbn lkckr ki Cugkc‚s skcuke. Ahh 16 hrkps ki Cugkc‚s skcuke je nalb ki tbn tnst tuons, Kosnrvn lkckr lbaegn.
7. Caonc twk tnst tuons4 tuons4 (j) vngntaocn vngntaocn kjc (jj) (jj) pnaeut pnaeut
Vut je ?.6 mc ki hjsccnh watnr jetk nalb tnst tuons. Je tnst tuon (j), put je ?.6 mc vngntaocn kjc. Je tnst tuon (jj), put je baci a spatuca ki grkueh pnaeut. Xa`n ektn tbn lkckr ki \uhae JY skcuke. Ahh 16 hrkps ki \uhae JY skcuke jetk nalb tnst tuons. ^sn vkrtnx tk mjx. Ahh aektbnr ?.6 mc ki hjsccnh watnr tk nalb tnst tuons. Kosnrvn lbaegn je skcuke je tnst tuons.
_nsucts
_nagnet
Ikkh sampcn
Kosnrvake
Jeinrneln
Onenhjlt‚s
Gculksn
Ocun lkckr lbaegnh tk orjl` rnh lkckr
Vnaeuts
Ocun lkckr lbaegnh tk grnnejsb lkckr
Acoumje
Ocun lkckr lbaegnh tk purpcjsb ocun lkckr
Jt lketajes bjgb amkuet ki rnhuljeg sugar. Lkppnr (JJ) jkes arn rnhulnh tk Lkppnr (J) jkes. Jt lketajes smacc amkuet ki rnhuljeg sugar. Lkppnr (JJ) jkes arn rnhulnh tk Lkppnr (J) jkes Jt lketajes bjgb amkuet ki prktnje. Acoumje rnalts wjtb tbn Ojurnt rnagnet aeh ikrmnh tbn lkmpcnx ki tbn hjpnphn okehs wjtb tbn luprjl jkes.
Vnaeuts
Ocun lkckr lbaegnh cjgbt ocun lkckr
\tarlb
Orkwe lkckr lbaegnh tk ocun ocal` lkckr
Vnaeuts
Orkwe lkckr lbaegnh tk ocal` lkckr
Yngntaocn kjc
_nhhjsb orkwe lkckr tk rnhhjsb-kraegn lkckr, twk caynrs ikrmnh _nhhjsb orkwe lkckr rnmajenh tbn samn
Ojurnt
Cugkc‚s skcuke
\uhae JY
Vnaeuts
Jt lketajes smacc amkuet ki prktnje. Lkppnr (JJ) jkes arn rnhulnh tk Lkppnr (J) jkes je tbn prnsnet ki pnphn okeh. \tarlb js prnsnet. Cugkc‚s wjcc staje starlbns hun tk jkhjen‚s jetnralke wjtb tbn lkjc strulturn ki tbn pkcysallbarjhns. \tarlb js prnsnet. Cugkc‚s wjcc staje starlbns hun tk jkhjen‚s jetnralke wjtb tbn lkjc strulturn ki tbn pkcysallbarjhns. Jt lketajes cjpjh. \uhae JY skcuocn je cjpjhs aeh cjpjhs arn ekt skcuocn je watnr. Jt ekt lketajes cjpjh. \uhae JY jeskcuocn je watnr.
(j) (jj)
Onenhjlt‚s rnagnet + gculksn Onenhjlt‚s rnagnet + pnaeuts
(j) (jj)
Ojurnt rnagnet + acoumje Ojurnt rn rnagnet + pnaeuts
(j) (jj)
Cugkc‚s skcuke + starlb Cugkc‚s skcuke + pnaeuts
(j) (jj)
\uhae JY sk skcuke + vn vngntaocn kj kjc \uhae JY skcuke + pnaeuts
Hjslussjke
Vnaeut Vnaeut js usnh as a ikkh sampcn sampcn ikr tbjs nxpnrjmne nxpnrjmnet. t. Xbn rnsucts rnsucts sbkw typns ojkckgjlac ojkckgjlac tbat prnsnet prns net je tbn pnaeut arn rnhuljeg rnhuljeg sugar (gculksn), (gculksn), prktnje (acoumje), larokbyhratn larokbyhratnss (star (starlb lb ) aeh cjpjhs (vngntaocn kjc ). Onenhjlt‚s skcuke arn usnh tk hntnrmjen rnhuljeg sugar je pnaeut aeh gculksn. Ocun lkckr ki Onenhjlt‚s skcuke lbaegnh tk grnnejsb lkckr je tbn tnst tuon tbat lketajes pnaeut. Jt mnaes tbat pnaeut lketajes smacc amkuet ki rnhuljeg sugar. Lkppnr (JJ) jkes arn rnhulnh tk Lkppnr (J) jkes. Je tbn ktbnr baeh, lkckur ki Onenhjlt‚s skcuke je tbn tnst tuon tbat lketaje gculksn lbaegnh irkm ocun tk orjl`-rnh lkckur wbjlb mnae tbat gculksn lketajes bjgb amkuet ki rnhuljeg sugar. Lkppnr (JJ) jkes arn rnhulnh tk Lkppnr (J) jkes scc. Wn lae snn bnrn tbat tbn lbaegns je lkckur arn hjnrnet onlausn tbn lkelnetrake ki prnsneln ki rnhuljeg rnhuljeg sugar arn hjnrnet je nalb tnst tuo tuons. ns. Onenhjlt's tnst js a tnst ikr tbn prnsneln ki mkeksallbarjhns kr lnrtaje hjsallbarjhns je a skcuke kr tk hntnrmjen rnhuljeg sjmpcn sugar kr smaccnr larokbyhratns cj`n gculksn. _nhuljeg sugars arn sjmpcn sugars aeh jelcuhn acc mkeksallbarjhns aeh mkst hjsallarjhns. \kmn nxampcns ki mkeksallbarjhns arn gculksn, irultksn irultk sn aeh gacaltksn.N gacaltksn.Nxampc xampcns ns ki rnhuljeg rnhuljeg hjsallbarjh hjsallbarjhns ns arn caltksn caltksn aeh mactksn.O mactksn.Onenhj nenhjlt's lt's ?+ skcuke bas lkppnr jkes (Lu ) tbat bavn a cjgbt ocun lkckr. Wbne a skcuke lketajejeg tb tbnsn nsn sugars js mjxnh wjtb Onenhjlts rnagnet aeh bnatnh, a rnhulke rnalke lausns tbn lkppnr jkes lbaegn, tbn Onenhjlts rnagnet tk lbaegn lkckr. Xbn lkckr varjns irkm yncckw tk grnne tk har` rnh, hnpnehjeg ke tbn amkuet ki aeh typn ki sugar. A lbaegn je lkckr jehjlatns tbn prnsneln prnsneln ki rnhuljeg sugars. Ojurnt rnagnet arn usnh tk hntnrmjen prktnje je pnaeut aeh acoumje. Xbn lkckur ki Ojurnt rnagnet lbaegnh irkm ocun tk cjgbt ocun je tbn tnst tuon tbat lketajes pnaeut. Xbjs mnaes tbat jt lketajes smacc amkuet ki prktnje. Lkppnr (JJ) jkes arn rnhulnh tk Lkppnr (J) jkes je tbn prnsnet ki pnphn okeh. Je tbn ktbnr baeh, ocun lkckr ki Ojurnt rnagnet lbaegnh tk purpcjsb ocun kr vjkcnt lkckr je tbn tnst tuon tbat lketajes acoumje. Jt lketajes bjgb amkuet ki prktnje. Acoumje rnalts wjtb tbn Ojurnt rnagnet aeh ikrmnh tbn lkmpcnx ki tbn hjpnphn okehs wjtb tbn luprjl jkes. Xbn hjnrnet lkelnetrake ki prktnje prnsnet je pnaeut aeh acoumje jeunelnh tbn lbaegns je lkckur ki Ojurnt rnagnet. Ojurnt tnst js a lbnmjlac tnst usnh tnst usnh ikr hntnleg hntnleg tbn prnsneln prnsneln ki pnphn okehs. okehs. Jt js oasnh ke tbn ojurnt rnalke je wbjlb a pnphn strulturn lketajejeg at cnast twk pnphn cje`s prkhulns a vjkcnt vjk cnt lkckr lkckr wbne wbne trnatn trnatnh h wjt wjtb b ac`acj ac`acjen en lkp lkppnr pnr suciat suciatn. n. Xbn lkppnr lkppnr atkms atkms ki Ojurnt Ojurnt skcuk skcuke e (Lu\K8 aeh @KB) wjcc rnalt wjtb pnphn okehs, prkhuljeg a lkckr lbaegn. Ojurnt skcuke js jejaccy ocun0 mjxjeg jt wjtb prktnjes lausns a vjkcnt lkckr lbaegnh. Xbn jetnesjty ki tbn lkckr lbaegn js rncatnh tk amkuet ki prktnjes jeskcuke. A mkrn jetnesn lkckr (har`nr vjkcnt) jehjlatns bjgbnr prktnje lkelnetrake. Ji prktnjes arn prnsnet a lbnmjlac rnalke lausnh ontwnne tbn lkppnr jkes aeh tbn prktnje mkcnlucns.Xbn lbnmjlac rnalke lausns tbn Ojurnt skcuke tk ture irkm a cjgbt ocun tk purpcn ji prktnjes arn prnsnet prnsnet.. Ikr rnalk rnalke e tk kllur, tbn prktnje must lketaje lketaje 8-9 cje`nh amjek amjek aljhs. A hnnp vjkcnt lkckr jehjlatns tbn prnsneln ki prktnjes aeh a cjgbt pje` lkckr jehjlatns tbn prnsneln ki pnphns. Acsk, rnalke kecy wkr`s je ae ac`acjen (oasjl) nevjrkemnet. Xbnrnikrn ojurnt lketajes skhjum byhrkxjhn, wbjlb prkhulns aeh ac`acjen skcuke. Cugkc‚s skcuke arn usnh tk hntnrmjenh starlb je pnaeut. Xbn lkckur ki Cugkc‚s skcuke js orkwe aeh tbjs lkckur lbaegnh tk tk ocal` lkckr wbne pnaeut was onjeg tnstnh oy Cugkc‚s skcuke. Lae wn lkelcuhn lkelcu hn tbat starlb starlb js prnsnet. Cugkc‚s skcuke wjcc staje starlbn starlbnss hun tk jkhjen‚s jkhjen‚s jetnralke jetnralke wjtb tbn lkjc strulturn ki tbn pkcysallbarjhns wbjcn je tbn tnst tuon tbat lketajes starlb tbn lbaegns ki tbn Cugkc‚s skcuke lkckur acsk samn as rnsuct ki Cugkc‚s skcuke tnst ke pnaeut. \tarlb js a larokbyhratn ikueh je pcaets. Jt lkesjsts ki twk hjnrnet typns ki pkcysallbarjhns tbat arn mahn up ki gculksn uejts wbjlb arn lkeenltnh je twk hjnrnet ways. Ken js tbn cjenar amycksn aeh tbn ktbnr js tbn oraelbnh amyckpnle0
\tarlb js a pkcysallbarjhn lkesjseg ki gculksn uejts dkjenh tkgntbnr oy gcylksjhjl okehs.Xbn lbajes ikrmnh hurjeg tbn lkehnesake rnalke arn njtbnr cjenar kr bjgbcy oraelbnh mkcnlucns.
Wbnrnas oraelbnh mkcnlucns ki starlb arn laccnh Amyckpnle. Xk hntnrmjen cjpjhs je tbn pnaeut aeh vngntaocn kjc, \uhae JY skcuke arn onjeg usnh. Xbn har` rnh kr rnhhjsb orkwe lkckur ki \uhae JY skcuke je tbn tnst tuon tbat lketajes vngntaocn kjc lbaegn tk rnhhjsb kraegn lkckur sbkws tbat tbnrn arn prnsneln ki cjpjhs je vngntaocn kjc aeh jt acsk ikrmnh ? caynrs. Xbjs lae on snne tbat \uhae JY skcuocn je cjpjhs aeh cjpjhs arn ekt skcuocn je watnr. Je tbn ktbnr baeh, tbn rnsucts ki tbn \uhae JY ke pnaeut wnrn dust rnmaje tbn samn wbjlb tbn lkckur ki \uhae JY (rnhhjsb orkwe) hjh ekt lbaegn wbne hrkppnh jetk tbn tnst tuon tbat lketajes pnaeut. Cjpjhs arn ekepkcar aeh tbnrnikrn hk ekt hjsskcvn je watnr. Nmucsjnrs arn mkcnlucns bavn oktb pkcar aeh ekepkcar parts aeh tbus arn lapaocn ki hjsskcvjeg je kr jetnraleg wjtb oktb cjpjhs aeh watnr. Wbne nmucsjnrs arn mjxnh wjtb cjpjhs aeh watnr, tbny may alt tk suspneh smacc hrkpcnts ki tbn cjpjh je watnr. Xbn \uhae JY tnst wjcc tnst pksjtjvn ikr cjpjhs. Xbn tnst prklnhurn jevkcvn jevkcvns s ahhjeg a inw hrkps ki \uhae JY tk tbn tnst skcutjke. \uhae JY js a hyn tbat wjcc staje cjpjhs. Ji ek cjpjhs arn prnsnet tbne tbn hyn wjcc sje` tk tbn okttkm ki tbn tnst tuon. Xbn cjpjh js ekt hjsskcvnh je watnr, out js ork`ne jetk smaccnr iragmnets tbat may rnmaje suspnehnh ikr ckeg pnrjkhs ki mn. \uhae JY skcuke lketajes a iat-skcuocn hyn. Wbne \uhae JY js lkmojenh wjtbcjpjhs, tbn cjpjhs aoskro tbn hyn parlcns, lausjeg a rnh lkckr at tbn sjtn ki lketaltontwnne cjpjhs aeh tbn hyn. Cjpjhs hk ekt rnahjcy hjsskcvn je watnr0 ol
ki tbjs wbne pcalnh je watnr, tbny ikrmhjselvn iat caynrs je tbn skcuke. Aey eklnaocn rnh caynr js mkst cj`ncy lausnhoy a rnalke ki \uhae JY skcuke aeh cjpjhs.
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LKELC^\JKE
Xbjs nxpnrjmnet nxpnrjmnet jehjlatnh jehjlatnh pksjvn pksjvn rnsucts as tbn lkckur ki ikkh sampcn wbjlb was pnaeut lbaegnh je Onenhjlt rnagnet tnst, Ojurnt skcuke tnst, Jkhje tnst aeh \uhae JY skcuke tnst. Gculksn , acoumje, starlb aeh vngntaocn kjc alts as a snt ki sampcns tbat tnstnh hurjeg tbn nxpnrjmnet tk hntnrmjen tbn ojkckgjlac mkcnlucns je ikkh. Xbn rnsucts sbkwnh spnljl lkckur lbaegns je nvnry malrkmkcrlucn prnsneln oasnh ke jts lkelnetrake. Gculksn rnaltnh wjtb Onenhjlt rnagnet, as hjh tbn pnaeut tk a cnssnr hngrnn sbkwjeg tbn prnsneln ki rnhuljeg sugar. Acoumje aeh pnaeut arn lkermnh lketaje prktnje tbrkugb Ojurnt skcuke tnst. \tarlb aeh pnaeut rnaltnh wjtb Cugkc‚s skcuke ackeg wjtb tbn pnaeut prkvjeg tbn prnsneln ki larokbyhratns. Yngntaocn kjc aeh pnaeut turenh kut ekt lketaje cjpjh tbrkugb \uhae JY skcuke tnst. Xbn rnsut prkvnh tbat pnaeut lketajes rnhuljeg sugar, larokbyhratns aeh prktnje.
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