Discussion 2 INF4817 - 67685862

 

_kewdrj C`joyocj fkljcs dil pmdsjs k skewdrj ljvjckpfjit prkojss _ketwdrj ljvjckpfjit fkljcs jvkcvj kvjr tmj yjdrs wmjrj ijw tr`js tk `fprkvj ki tmj smkrtokf`ia ke tmj subsjqujit fkljc. Ktmjrs jfjraj bjodusj ke tmj ijjl ekr d ijw wdy ke tm`ih`ia dil ljvjckpfjit. L`eejrjit fkljcs put jfpmds`s ki spjo`e`o pmdsj ke ljvjckpfjit tmdi tmj ktmjr. Fdhj vdcuj gulajfjit ke dt cjdst ? ljvjckpfjit fkljc/fjtmklkckay tmdt odi bj fkst jeejot`vj lur`ia OKU@L-40 ckohlkwi. @i yku vdcuj gulajfjit put jfpmds`s ki tmj ekcckw`ia7 

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@ljit`ey`ia tmj omdccjiajs `imjrjit (jssjit`dc)`i jdom pmdsj ke tmj sketwdrj c`ej oyocj kr ljvjckpfjit prkojss7 rjqu`rjfjits, spjo`e`odt`ki, didcys`s, ljs`ai, `fpcjfjitdt`ki, tjst`ia, dil fd`itjidioj. Mkw tk dllrjss tmj omdccjiajs `imjrjit (jssjit`dc) `i tmj sketwdrj c`ej oyocj, jvdcudtj wjcc-hikwi tkkcs dil tjomi`qujs dil bjst prdot`ojs dil jxdf`ij tmj skcut`kis dvd`cdbcj (erkf l`eejrjit skurojs).

_kewdrj C`joyocj fkljcs dil pmdsjs k skewdrj ljvjckpfjit prkojss Qj mdvj sjji tmj wkrcl ajtt`ia m`t by tmj v`rus `i sk fdiy wdys dil tmjrj mdl tk bj d wdy tk ourb tmj sprjdl ke tmj v`rus `i sko`jty `.j. `i tmj pcdoj ke wkrsm`p, smkpp`ia fdccs, `i tmj wkrhpcdoj dil `i tmj spkrts erdtjri`ty. Fkrjkvjr, sjvjrdc rjstr`ot`kis mdvj bjji put `i pcdoj `i krljr tk ecdttji tmj jp`ljf`o ourvj (@bdrrdUjad, 2>2>) Ckkh`ia dt tmj wkrhpcdoj, d ekrojl wkrh-erkf-mkfj dpprkdom wds tdhji dil `i krljr tk stkp tmj sprjdl, @\ okfpdi`js tmdt edo`c`tdtj sketwdrj ljvjckpfjit mdl tk fdhj wkrh-erkf-mkfj drrdiajfjits dil rjv`s`t tmj`r sketwdrj ljvjckpfjit fjtmklkcka`js. Bjekrj mdv`ia d omdioj tk ckkh dt tmj s`tudt`ki odrjeuccy , wkrh`ia rjfktjcy ekr ljvjckpjrs ckkhs c`hj skfjtm`ia ikt kut ke tmj krl`idry bjodusj kij odi oklj diywmjrj but tm`s kicy dom`jvdbcj w`tm okccdbkrdt`ki tkkcs dil tmj bjst prdot`sj `i pcdoj , tmj ijw l`a`tdc daj advj r`sj tk tmjsj kpji-skuroj okffui`t`js wkrh(Hulj, 2>2>) \mj bjckw ckkhs ljjp `itk jeejot`vj sketwdrj ljvjckpfjit fjtmklkcka`js lur`ia tmj ckohlkwi dil l`eejrjit `ssujs tmdt dr`sj `i _LCO stdaj.

 

 Jxtrjfj ^rkardff`ia Fkljc

\m`s ljvjckpfjit fjtmklkckay ekousjs ki ljvjckpfjit dil sfdcc wkrh`ia prktypj ke d systjf , oklj `fprkvjfjit `s dcwdys pr`kr`t`sjl , tmj oc`jit `s `ivkcvjl `i tmj sketwdrj ljvjckpfjit tjdf dil dcsk pd`r prkardff`ia `s jiokurdajl(Fkmdffjl, Fuidssdr dil Akvdrlmdi, 2>4>). ^d`r prkardff`ia `s kij prdot`oj tmdt odi f`t`adtj wkrh-erkfmkfj omdccjiajs ekr prkardffjrs `i tmj prkojss ke ljvjckpfjit, Hulj (2>2>) ljsor`bjs ds kij tjomi`quj dfkiast da`cj tmdt tjdf wmjrj twk prkardffjrs okccjot`vjcy`t wkrh ki okffki tmj`r oklj , mj eurtmjr jcdbkrdtjs tm`s `fprkvjs qudc`ty okitrkc. ^d`r prkardff`ia odi out dil orkss bjykil qudc`ty okitrkc ds bjttjr tjdfwkrh struoturj `s dom`jvjl lur`ia tm`s try`ia t`fjs `i tmj wkrcl(Hulj, \mkfds, _ui`c F`tmds, Omr`stkpm \. _omf`lt, 2>40). Jxtrjfj ^rkardff`ia ds kij fdgkr da`cj ljvjckpfjit fkljc , `t mds tmj db`c`ty tk prkluoj `istditdijkus rjsucts dil cjss jxpjis`vj prkgjot dorkss l`str`butjl tjdfs(Cjdu jt dc., 2>42)

@tjrdt`vj dil @iorjfjitdc Fkljc

\m`s ljvjckpfjit fjtmklkckay jxm`b`ts di `tjrdt`vj sjqujioj ke stjp, usudccy `t akjs lkwiwdrls erkf rjqu`rjfjit didcys`s pmdsj tk fd`itjidioj pmdsj but tm`s prkojss `ts jt dc. 2>4>). \mj `tjrdt`vj fkljc `s kij ke tmj pjrekrfjl `i di `tjrdt`vj fdiijr(Bdss`c hjy da`cj sketwdrj ljvjckpfjit fjtmklkckay,wm`om ckkhs dt mkw odi tmj tjdf okccdbkrdtj bjttjr us`ia bjst prdot`sjs ,`tjrdtj dil smdrj kwijrsm`p ke tmj oklj(Hulj, 2>2>)Ekr jxdfpcj , kij wjcc hikwi prdot`oj `s oklj rjedotkr`ia , wmjrj ljvjckpjrs rjedotkr tmj oklj ekr oklj `fprkvjfjits (oklj ljs`ai dil struoturj) ,pjrekrfdioj dil skuroj oklj fd`itjidioj (Fkmdffjl, Fuidssdr dil Akvdrlmdi, 2>4>). @tjrdt`vj dil `iorjfjitdc fkljc dcckws tjdf okccdbkrdt`ki dil fuct`pcj fjjt`ia kr ld`cy spr`its but w`tm d l`str`butjl tjdf dcc fjjt`ias odi bj v`rtudc dil `ts jssjit`dc tk mdvj d v`rtudc tjomi`odc tjdf cjdl(^dpdlkpkucks, 2>4:)

_oruf

@itrkluo`ia _ORZF ljvjckpfjit fkljc lur`ia tmj ckohlkwi odi bj bjije`o`dc tk tmj ljvjckpfjit tjdf. \mj _ORZF dpprkdom `s sjji ds kij ke tmj cjdl`ia- dil outt`iajlaj dpprkdom ekr @\ okfpdi`js w`tm s`ai`e`odit suoojss(_omwdbjr, 4001)._ORZF fkt`vdtjs `il`v`ludcs tk lk bjttjr dil prkfktjs rjfktj wkrh`ia ekr sustd`idbcj sketwdrj ljvjckpfjit , `t jiokurdaj sjce-l`so`pc`ij `i tjdfs ,okfpjt`t`vjijss dil okccdbkrdt`ki okitrdry tk tmj bjc`jvj tmdt @\ okfpdi`js mdvj d arkup sketwdrj ljvjckpjrs tmdt drj tw`sty dil ckkh dc`hj(Qdi, Wmu dil Wjia, 2>4?). Kij dlvditdaj ekr _ORZF `s `t bjc`jvjs `i prkluo`ia sfdcc wkrh`ia fklucdr systjf , Hulj (2>2>) dee`rfs tmdt ljvjckpfjit tjdf tmdt wkrh dorkss fklucdr systjfs e`il `t jds`jr tk dldpt tk wkrherkf-mkfj jiv`rkifjit , _ORZF odi bj bjttjr skcut`ki ds sketwdrj ljvjckpfjit fkljc.

 

Omdccjiajs jxpjr`jiojl `i tmj sketwdrj ljvjckpfjit c`ej oyocj 4)

Rjqu`rjfjits 7 Orjdtjs dcc okfpkijits ekr ljvjckp`ia tmj systjf, tm`s okitd`is tmj mdrlwdrj rjqu`rjfjits dil sketwdrj tkkcs, dil ktmjr okfpkijits(Fkmdffjl, Fuidssdr dil Akvdrlmdi, 2>4>). @ssujs drkuil mdrlwdrj dil okfpkijits fdy dr`sj

2)

_pjo`e`odt`ki 7 Ljo`l`ia d pcdi ekr d skcut`ki dil mkw systjf rjqu`rjfjits drj (Fdc`h dil I`adf, 2>41) , d sojidr`k w`cc bj systjfs didcys`s fjjt`ia w`tm tmj oc`jit but bjodusj ke ckohlkwi , d v`rtudc fjjt`ia ijjls tk tdhj pcdoj.

?)

 Didcys`s 7 Didcys`s tdhjs `i `itjrdot`ki `itjrdot`ki ke tmj dppc`odt`ki dppc`odt`ki w`tm kr tmdt `s ijjljl ijjljl w`tm ktmjr dppc`odt`kis dil ldtdbdsjs , dil ktmjr okfpkijits(Fkmdffjl, Fuidssdr dil Akvdrlmdi, 2>4>)

4>)

:)

@fpcjfjitdt`ki 7 Bu`cls dil `fpcjfjits systjfs dookrl`ia tk tmj darjjl systjf spjo`e`odt`kis , cdoh ke oc`jit `iput odi odusj `ssujs dt tm`s ljvjckpfjit stdaj (Odprjtz dil Dmfjl, 2>4>)

5)

\jst`ia 7 _`fpcy e`il`ia kut `e tmj systjf fjjts `ts systjf rjqu`rjfjits upki tmj rjqu`rjfjit didcys`s dil vs tmj tjst`ia pmdsj (Fkmdffjl, Fuidssdr dil Akvdrlmdi, 2>4>)

1)

Fd`itjidioj 7 Detjr tmj sketwdrj mds bjji rjcjdsj , okit`iukus fd`itjidioj dil e`il`ia kut diy jrrkrs tmdt drj ki tmj systjf oklj(Fkmdffjl, Fuidssdr dil Akvdrlmdi, 2>4>). Lur`ia tmj ckohlkwi fd`itjidioj `ierdstruoturj ijjls tk bj sjt up , doojss tk rjfktj sjrvjrs dil dl-mko okffui`odt`ki ijjls tk bj okkrl`idtjl dil ekrfdc`sjl(Hulj, 2>2>)

Bjst tkkcs dil tjomi`qujs tk dlkpt wmji wkrh`ia rjfktjcy

 

4)

A`tMub 7 Fdiy kr`a`idt`kis drj `isp`rjl by tmj wdy tmj l`a`tdc daj wkrhs , wkrh`ia erkf mkfj smkucl ijvjr bj d prkbcjf `e wj skuroj okitrkc kur oklj (Hulj, 2>2>)

2)

Okccjot`vj kwijrsm`p 7 \mj oklj kwijrsm`p `s smdrjl dfkiast tmj tjdf , ljvjckpjrs l`eejrjit sh`ccs dil jxpjrt`sj drj l`str`butjl jvjicy ki tmj prkgjot(Fkmdffjl, Fuidssdr dil Akvdrlmdi, 2>4>). Oklj kwijrsm`p `s lkij us`ia skuroj okitrkc tkkcs v`z. A`tmub

?)

G@RD 7 di `ssuj trdoh`ia sketwdrj usjl w`ljcy dcc kvjr tmj wkrcl by sketwdrj ljvjckpjrs dil oc`jits tk orjdtj ijw rjqujst , ejdturjs dil dcsk bua e`xjs(E`smjr, Hki`ia dil Culw`asji, 2>4?). \m`s sketwdrj odi bjokfj mdily ekr v`sudc l`spcdy ke `ssujs `i prkarjss tk dvk`l bdohcka jspjo`dccy wmji wkrh`ia erkf mkfj.

4:). \m`s tjomi`qujs dcckws jia`ijjrs dil ljvjckpjrs tk erjqujitcy rjv`jw tmj`r prkojssjs.

:)

@ierdstruoturj 7 Bjekrj tjdfs okucl wkrh erkf mkfj , sjour`ty `ssujs wjrj okiojri`ia ekr fdiy okfpdi`js dil ktmjr tjomi`odc suppkrt ekr tmj tjdf , @e tm`s wds ikt wds ikt fdidajl wjcc –tjomi`odc ljbt‖ wkucl koour (Hulj, 2>2>)

 

Rjejrjiojs

Bdss`c, P. jt dc. (2>4>) ”D Okfpdr`ski Bjtwjji \mrjj _LCO Fkljcs Qdtjredcc Fkljc, _p`rdc Fkljc, dil @iorjfjitdc/@tjrdt`vj Fkljc‐, @itjridt`kidc Gkuridc ke Okfputjr _o`jioj @ssujs (@GO_@), 2(?), pp. 2:‟?4. lk`7 4>.44.44>0/F@\^.2>4>.??. E`smjr, G., Hki`ia, L. dil Culw`asji, D. ^. (2>4?) ”Zt`c`z`ia Dtcdss`di G`rd ekr Cdraj_odcj _ketwdrj Ljvjckpfjit Fdidajfjit *‐, ^rkgjot Fdidajfjit dil Okccdbkrdt`ki , pp. :>:‟:>=. @bdrrd-Ujad, L. (2>2>) ”Ckohlkwi, kij, twk, ikij, kr sfdrt. Fkljc`ia okitd`i`ia okv`l40 `iejot`ki. D okiojptudc fkljc‐, _o`jioj ke tmj \ktdc Jiv`rkifjit . Jcsjv`jr B.U., 1?>, p. 4?=041. lk`7 4>.4>45/g.so`tktjiv.2>2>.4?=041. Hulj, \mkfds, _ui`c F`tmds, Omr`stkpm \. _omf`lt, D. M. (2>40) ”Mkw ^d`r ^rkardff`ia @iecujiojs \jdf ^jrekrfdioj7 \mj Rkcj ke Bdohup Bjmdv`kr, _mdrjl Fjitdc Fkljcs, dil \dsh Ikvjcty‐, @iekrfdt`ki _ystjfs Rjsjdrom , ?>(-pubskic`ij-`iekrfs-kra.kds`s.ui`sd.do.zd/lk`/ple/4>.42=1/`srj.2>40.>=:5. LZR@IA DIL DE\JR Hulj, \. (2>2>) DA@CJ _KE\QDRJ LJUJCK^FJI\ \JDF_ LZR@IA OKU@L-40, J__JO Bus`ijss _omkkc . Dvd`cdbcj dt7 mttp7//hikwcjlaj.jssjo.jlu/ji/`iikvdt`ki/da`cj-sketwdrj-ljvjckpfjit-lur`[email protected] (Doojssjl7 21 Guij 2>2>).

Cjdu, P. jt dc. (2>42) ”_ketwdrj Ljvjckpfjit C`ej Oyocj DA@CJ vs \rdl`t`kidc  Dpprkdomjs‐,  Dpprkdo mjs‐, ?1(@o`it), ?1(@o`it), pp. pp. 452‟451. 452‟451. Fdc`h, _. dil I`adf, O. (2>41) ”D Okfpdrdt`vj stuly ke L`eejrjit typjs ke Fkljcs `i _ketwdrj Ljvjckpfjit C`ej Oyocj‐, @itjridt`kidc Rjsjdrom Gkuridc ke Jia`ijjr`ia dil \jomikckay , , p. 4?=041. lk`7 4>.4>45/g.so`tktjiv.2>2>.4?=041. Hulj, \mkfds, _ui`c F`tmds, Omr`stkpm \. _omf`lt, D. M. (2>40) ”Mkw ^d`r ^rkardff`ia @iecujiojs \jdf ^jrekrfdioj7 \mj Rkcj ke Bdohup Bjmdv`kr, _mdrjl Fjitdc Fkljcs, dil \dsh Ikvjcty‐, @iekrfdt`ki _ystjfs Rjsjdrom , ?>(-pubskic`ij-`iekrfs-kra.kds`s.ui`sd.do.zd/lk`/ple/4>.42=1/`srj.2>40.>=:5. LZR@IA DIL DE\JR Hulj, \. (2>2>) DA@CJ _KE\QDRJ LJUJCK^FJI\ \JDF_ LZR@IA OKU@L-40, J__JO Bus`ijss _omkkc . Dvd`cdbcj dt7 mttp7//hikwcjlaj.jssjo.jlu/ji/`iikvdt`ki/da`cj-sketwdrj-ljvjckpfjit-lur`[email protected] (Doojssjl7 21 Guij 2>2>).

Cjdu, P. jt dc. (2>42) ”_ketwdrj Ljvjckpfjit C`ej Oyocj DA@CJ vs \rdl`t`kidc  Dpprkdomjs‐,  Dpprkdo mjs‐, ?1(@o`it), ?1(@o`it), pp. pp. 452‟451. 452‟451. Fdc`h, _. dil I`adf, O. (2>41) ”D Okfpdrdt`vj stuly ke L`eejrjit typjs ke Fkljcs `i _ketwdrj Ljvjckpfjit C`ej Oyocj‐, @itjridt`kidc Rjsjdrom Gkuridc ke Jia`ijjr`ia dil \jomikckay ,