Didattica Capovolta Erickson

 

AFNADM

 

7  Aftrbnuzabfm

 

1 

 

55   55

DES. 5 

Depbvbigmrm ie diessm: diessm: nei nei narm ei `erm. `erm. Aftrbnuzabfm lmtbnbibgade eiie diessm depbvbite

 

45   45

Ai satb pmrsbfeim m im paette`brlm nanettadhm. Guane bpmretave

 

>5   >5

 

04   04

 

84   84

DES. ;  DES. 4  DES. >  DES. = 

 

87  Kakiabgre`ae

 

81 

 

15  5.

 

535  ;.

 

55=  4. E󰁳p 􀁳mr 􀁥󰁳pr􀁭􀁦󰁮m󰁻m. Ie s`􀁡󰁮e􀀣n󰁡ga􀁾󰁥i􀁭 󰁮mi 󐁴mdb􀁩b󰀥

 

5;7  >. S􀁻􀁢kimla􀀣n󰁡 󰁬mlb󰁻􀁡󰁥2􀀣@􀁩e󰁴h󰁤e󰁻n na 󐁴t󰁢􀁻󰁡e󰀥 Aii󐁽la󰁦􀁡󐁴l󰁢 󰁠ed􀁡􀁩m􀀣􀁤􀁢f􀀣󰁩󰁭 dert􀁭

 

5>5  =.

B􀁤󰁤hab ei󰁩‑a󰁦􀁤rbd􀁡􀁢!􀀣󰁉󰁥 «`􀁥k󰁫ra􀁤󰁥¿ 􀁮m󰁡 d􀁻󰁽da􀁰󰁭r􀁫e

 

5=4  0.

Ne󐁾ta 󰁽f􀁥 rmgb􀁩e󰁾e! Fbrl􀁭 󰁭 a􀁴󐁾r􀁽󰁺󰁡b󰁦􀁡 p􀁭􀁻 s󰁾erm􀀣􀁬󰁭gi􀁡􀁢 􀁥 󐁴d􀁽b􀁩e

 

507  7. 󰁁󰁩 na󰁧󰁡t􀁥󰁩󰁭2􀀣󰁓󰁽û

   

571  8. Le naelb􀀣􀁡 f􀁽􀁬󰁭ra2 N􀁥􀁾󰁡, 󰁴􀁾󰁥ta􀁴󐁾adh󰁭, g􀁻󰁥`a􀁤󰁡 􀁭 󐁾e􀁫m􀁩i􀁭 pm󰁻 󰁤e􀁳􀁡rm􀀣􀁡􀁩 󰁬bfn󰁢 515  1. ^b󰁽r...a󰁴􀁾󰁡 􀁳mr de󐁴b. P􀁡󰁥gg􀁡 va􀁻󐁾u􀁥󰁩󰁡 􀁮􀁡 die󐁴s􀁭

 

;34 

ESSMFNADA

 

;3=   ;3=

ESSMFNADM 5  ^ekmiie na rampaibgb nmiim rasbrsm (vanmb m iafo)

 

;55   ;55

ESSMFNADM ;  Defeia

 

;5=   ;5=

ESSMFNADM 4  ^ekmiie rampaibgetave nmiim epp utaiazzetm fma pmrdbrsa

SE[^M 5 — Ai lmtbnb `iappmn diessrbbl

Letmraeia pmr ib stunab stunab eftadapetb: vanmb m fbf sbib sbib Ie dbbpmrezabfm dbbpmrezabfm m im dblpmtmfzm: dblpmtmfzm: ie diessm ettave ettave Dblm userm ai vbiulm

SE[^M ; — Smrdbrsa depbvbita Serbim ei lu󰁻b! G􀁻󰁥l󰁬e󐁾ade na􀁰󰁭r󰁾mft􀁭 󰁤b󰁦 󰁡 iepk󰁢bo S􀁡󰁤d󰁢󰁩󰁡 q󐁽󰁡z􀀣􀁬󰁥o􀁭􀁻 d󰁻m󐁴d󰁢􀁦􀁢... EKDN, a󰁩 L􀁭n󰁡b􀁭􀁰􀁢 dbla󰁦􀁤󰁡e􀀣󰁵󰁽a leg􀁡󰁤h􀁭

`er 󰁬e􀁩m󰀥 󰁀e󰁯m f􀁭󰁷󐁴 􀁭 󰁤b󰁬m m󰁰􀁡󐁾e󰁻󰁩󰁭

 

Aftrbnuzabfm

Ai iakrb dhm stetm pmr imggmrm va `erã guernerm ie sdubie ne uf‑eitre prbspmttav prbspmttave. e. Nmi rmstb, sm i‑evmtm edquastetb, sagfa`ade dhm ai vbstrb ievbrb na afsmgfefta va ste e dubrm, va eppessabfe m prbprab pmr qumstb vbrrmstm delkaerib, rmfnmrib lagiabrm. Dbf a tmlpa dhm dbrrbfb, «delkaerm¿ è i‑ufade vae pmr fbf `ersa sbpre``erm. Afutaim ielmftersa, prmfnmrsmie dbf gia eiuffa, ie sbdamtã, im `elagiam, ai sastmle, ie tmdfbibgae. tmlpanasbfb delkaeta mn msagbfb uf «delkaelmftb¿ efdhmnmi ne pertm fbstre. @erm A`afte famftm b alleiafdbfarsa ralpaefgmfnb ie sdubie pessetb fbf smrvarã e fuiie! Depbvbigmrm ie diessm puû mssmrm ufe sbiuzabfm, ufe nmiim teftm pbssakaia, pmr efnerm afdbftrb eiie sdubie nmi `uturb b queftblmfb pmr sterm ei pessb dbf qumiie nmi prmsmftm. Depbvbigmrm pmr afdiunmrm tutta m pmr sbnnas`erm af lbnb m``adedm a kasbgfa mnudetava nma «fubva¿ stunmfta. Mddb uf‑bttale lbtavezabfm pmr afvmstarm nmi tmlpb fmiie imtture na qumstb iakrb! Ie dbfsepmvbimzze na vavmrm af tmlpa na``adaia pmr dha afsmgfe m ie vbgiae na lmttmrda eiie prbve dbf fubvm s`anm da he spaftb, queidhm effmttb `e, e navmfterm afsmgfefta depbvbitm. Grezam e aftmrfmt m ea sbdaei lmnae ekkaelb pbtutb dbfnavanmrm ie fbstre mspmramfze dbf eitra nbdmfta, dbf`rbftefnbda su tmla dhm da stevefb e dubrm. Mn è prbprab ne qumstm rmiezabfa „ fbf sbib vartueia le efdhm rmeia grezam e dbrsa na `brlezabfm, dbfvmgfa, sullmr sdhbbi m smlafera brgefazzeta ne @iapfmt, dbf dua nadbiiekbraelb „ dhmpañ ekkaelb dbitb fma fbstra dbiimghai‑essbdaezabfm afsmgfefta i‑msagmfze ufe prmperezabfm larete suiie `iappmn diessrbbl. Ie `iappmn diessrbbl è mftrete fmiim sdubim ateiaefm grezam ei iakrb Ie diessm depbvbite (;35>) na Leurazab Legiabfa „ prmsanmftm m `bfnetbrm na @iapfmt „ m @ekab Kasderb. Legiabfa m Kasderb, nbdmfta na dhalade m af`brletade fmiie sdubie smdbfnerae na smdbfnb grenb, heffb ai lmratb na evmr guanetb ei depbvbigalmftb a prala `iappmn tmedhmr ateiaefa eddblpegfefnbia dbf tmdfadhm m dbfsagia af pertm diessrbbl bl (;35;), pukkiadezabfm nma ibrb blbibgha elmradefa lutueta ne @iap ybur diessrb Kmrgleff m Tels, a prala navuigetbra nmi lmtbnb e iavmiib lbfnaeim. Af qumsta uitala effa teftassala nbdmfta heffb imttb Ie diessm depbvbite, le fbf tutta i‑heffb lmsse af pretade. Fbf d‑è ne stuparsa. Delkaerm radhamnm tmlpb, prmperezabfm m dbreggab. Fba, dhm i‑ekkaelb `ettb, ib seppaelb kmfm! Mn è pmr qumstb dhm ekkaelb nmdasb na sdravmrm e quettrb lefa qumstb iakrb m ai prmdmnmftm vbiulm suiie nanettade depbvbite af letmletade m sdamfzm.

 

Smr «delkaerm¿ bddbrrbfb sbianm kesa su dua dbfterm m pufta na ra`mralmftb: è prbprab qumiib dhm a nbdmfta aftmrmsseta ei delkaelmftb dhamnbfb m dhm fba aftmfnaelb b``rarm dbf qumste pukkiadezabfm, sbstmfutm neiie fbstre mspmramfze na afsmgfefta depbvbitm m na `brletrada. Ai vbiulm è navasb af num perta, ufe lmtbnbibgade m ufe bpmretave. Fmiie prale (Ai lmtbnb `iappmn diessrbbl), sa pertm neiie stbrae nmiie `iappmn diessrbbl pmr pesserm en espmtta pañ tmdfada dblm ie rmeiazzezabfm m i‑utaiazzb na vanmbimzabfa imerfafg bkjmdt,mieiedrmezabfm na uf na satbletmraeia nanettadb,nai‑usb na paette`brlm bfiafm pmr iemdblufadezabfm dbfnavasabfm stunab dbf gia stunmfta, ie prbgmttezabfm na pmrdbrsa depbvbita, i‑afnavanuezabfm na dblpata eutmftada, i‑epprmfnalmftb dbbpmretavb, ie veiutezabfm. Eiie iudm na queftb epprmsb fmiie pertm lmtbnbibgade serã pañ smlpiadm ettuerm Smrdbrsa dbrsa depbvbita depbvbit a prbpbsta fmiie pertm bpmretave, af dua ai nbdmftm vamfm eddblpea Smr gfetb pessb pessb fmiie rmeiazzezabfm na uf‑aftmre ufatã na stunab depbvbite. ^utta a letmraeia m im rasbrsm fmdmsseram sbfb mspiadateta fmi pmrdbrsb af lbnb dhm ai nbdmftm pbsse dblafdaerm e lmttmrib af pretade narmttelmftm. Gia ergblmfta sbfb steta sdmita tre qumiia ekatueilmftm tretteta af ateiaefb, stbrae, m gmbgre`ae fma trm effa na sdubie smdbfnerae na pralb grenb, le fuiie vamte na enetterm uf nmtmrlafetb pmrdbrsb e letmram m ergblmfta navmrsa. Af eppmfnadm, fmiie ^ekmiie na rampaibgb nmiim rasbrsm, sbfb mimfdeta gia afnarazza nma vanmb m nmiim pegafm aftmrfmt utaiazzeta fma Smrdbrsa depbvbita. Eitrm num tekmiim rapbrtefb mimfdb na defeia Qbutukmnmiim Qbutukm m sata nbvm rmpmrarm aftmrmssefta vanmb pmr ateiaefb,afbitrm stbraeuf m gmbgre`ae, m uf rampaibgb epp utaiazzetm b suggmratm fma Smrdbrsa. È pbssakaim vasabferm qumsta `aim efdhm su rasbrsmbfiafm.mradosbf.at (afsmrmfnb ai dbnadm na ettavezabfm), ai dhm pmrlmttm na diadderm narmttelmftm sugia afnarazza prbpbsta. Ie strutture nmi vbiulm ib rmfnm enettb efdhm e ufe imtture fbf iafmerm, af `ufzabfm na queftb gaã sa dbfbsdm nmiie `iappmn diessrbbl b nmiim msagmfzm msagmfz m spmda`adhm na daesduf nbdmftm m nmi dbftmstb af dua sa trbve e bpmrerm. Dblafdaerm e imggmrib neii‑afazab fbf è bkkiagetbrab, fá teftblmfb ib è smguarm im astruzabfa eiie imttmre. Ai iakrb è pmfsetb af`etta pmr dbibrb dhm vbgiaefb dblafdaerm e spmralmfterm ie `iappmn diessrbbl, e veiuterfm ie `ettakaiatã m a veftegga dhm msse puû b``rarm. ^uttevae, ai puftb na pertmfze, im msagmfzm m im espmttetavm fbf sereffb ugueia pmr tutta. Uuafna, dera dbiimgha, va msbrtaelb e vavmrm qumste mspmramfze dbf lbite iakmrtã, le efdhm dbf lbite `anudae, sbprettuttb fmiim vbstrm depedatã! Fba eutrada lmttaelb e naspbsazabfm ie fbstre dbfbsdmfze, le sbprettuttb i‑mspmramfze leturete sui delpb af quesa dafqum effa na depbvbigalmftb m ettavatã na `brlezabfm af garb pmr i‑Ateiae. Taelb dbfsepmvbia dhm depbvbigmrm ie diessm è alpmgfetavb, alpmgfetav b, sbprettuttb eii‑afazab. Da saelb pessetm efdhm fba mn è pmr qumstb dhm ekkaelb uf sbgfb… Da paedmrmkkm dhm qumstb iakrb, afsamlm a fsamlm ei prmdmnmftm, pbsse dbftrakuarm en eulmfterm ai fulmrb nmiim diessa depbvbitm af Ateiae m legera pbrterm eiie drmezabfm na aftmrm sdubim depbvbitm. Tbprettuttb da euguraelb na trbverm, af qumstm diessa m qumstm sdubim, stunmfta m afsmgfefta `miada na drmsdmrm afsamlm.

8

Nanettade depbvbite — Ateiaefb, stbrae m gmbgre󿬅 e

 

= Dblm userm ai vbiulm

Dblm sbfb struttureta a pmrdbrsa A «pmrdbrsa depbvbita¿ na qumstb iakrb smgubfb „ dblm sa vmnrã „ ufe kmf prmdase strutture, pmfsete sae pmr ai nbdmftm dhm vbgiae lmttmria af pretade dbsé dblm vmfgbfb prbpbsta, sae pmr dha nmsanmra eppbrterm nmiim lbna`adhm pmrsbfeiazzefnbia m enmguefnbia ei prbprab dbftmstb sdbiestadb. Bgfa pmrdbrsb è eddblpegfetb ne letmraeia nagateia, af pertadbierm vanmbimzabfa b suggmralmfta na epp spmda`adhm, dhm ib rmfnbfb ettuekaim efdhm ne dha fbf he lea `ettb diessm depbvbite af prmdmnmfze b fbf he dblpmtmfzm spmda`adhm fmiie rmeiazzezabfm na uf vanmb b fmii‑usb na nmtmrlafeta strulmfta nagateia. Ie strutture nma pmrdbrsa, af`etta, è pmfsete pmr eddblpegferm pessb pessb ai nbdmftm af lefamre smlpiadm vmrsb i‑eppiadezabfm grenueim nmiie lmtbnbibgae nmiie `iappmn diessrbbl fmiim prbpram diessa. Gia ergblmfta nmiim imzabfa depbvbitm na ateiaefb, stbrae m gmbgre`ae sbfb steta sdmita tre qumiia dhm ekatueilmftm vmfgbfb tretteta fma trm effa na sdubie smdbfnerae na pralb grenb. ^uttevae, pmr ie feture lbnuierm nma pmrdbrsa stmssa, qumsta pbssbfb mssmrm bppbrtufelmftm enetteta en eitra brnafa sdbiestada, bppurm svbita perzaeilmftm (en msmlpab, sbib ie pertm nmi ievbrb af diessm), b af lefamre «eulmftete¿ «eulmftete ¿ `edmfnbia navmfterm nma vmra m prbpra prbgmtta na nurete nuret e pañ iufge. Sbtrmllb e``mrlerm af`etta „ sa deparã lmgiab imggmfnbia „ dhm sa trette na pmrdbrsa en «eite rmpiadekaiatã¿. Smr qumstabfa na pretadatã sa è prm`mratb prmsmfterm a pmrdbrsa depbvbita af `brle sdhmletade trelatm tekmiim mn mimfdha na bpmrezabfa ne svbigmrm, sae pmr ai nbdmftm dhm pmr gia stunmfta. Tmgumfnb ib sdhmle, pbtmfzaeilmftm, bgfa nbdmftm serã af grenb na prbgmtterm e sue vbite uf prbprab pmrdbrsb depbvbitb. Srale na prbpbrrm ufb nma pmrdbrsa depbvbita eiie diessm è dbfsagiaekaim imggmrib dbf ettmfzabfm m vasabferm tutta a letmraeia nagateia eiimgeta dbfsuitekaia fmii‑Eppmfnadm 5 ^ekmiie na rampaibgb nmiim rasbrsm (vanmb m iafo).  A pmrdbrsa, af`etta, sbfb stunaeta pmr ufe «diessm tapb¿ dhm pbtrmkkm fbf mssmrm salaim eiie vbstre. Tm i‑alpbstezabfm nmi pmrdbrsb va paedm, le vbimtm enetterib e uf navmrsb ergblmftb, dbfsuitetm i‑Eppmfnadm ;, uf mimfdb na defeia Qbu^ukm Qbu^ukm m na sata nbvm trbverm aftmrmssefta vanmb nanettada pmr im letmram ulefastadhm. ^re qumsta, da sbfb efdhm a defeia Qbu^ukm na Letainm Nmii‑Brtb m Dhaere Smiimgrafa, num afsmgfefta na ateiaefb na sdubie smdbfnerae na pralb grenb dhm va

 

dbfsagiaelb na smguarm m e dua saelb lbitb gretm pmr evmr rmeiazzetb nmiim vanmbimzabfa en hbd pmr eidufa pmrdbrsa na qumstb vbiulm. Af`afm, ufe reddblefnezabfm alpbrteftm: sm ai pmrdbrsb prmvmnm i‑usb na spmda`ada eppiadetava b strulmfta nagateia serã bppbrtufb prbveria af prmdmnmfze pmr edquasarm uf lafalb na nalmstadhmzze prale na `eria userm egia stunmfta. Dbfsuitetm i‑Eppmfnadm 4 ^ekmiie rampaibgetave nmiim epp utaiazzetm fma pmrdbrsa pmr evmrfm uf quenrb dblpimtb. Pmnaelb bre fmi nmttegiab ie strutture nma pmrdbrsa. Srmsmftezabfm nmi pmrdbrsb: Aftrbnuzabfm

I‑aftrbnuzabfm na daesduf pmrdbrsb `brfasdm ufe saftmsa gmfmreim nmii‑ettavatã dbf i‑afnadezabfm nma tmlpa na msmduzabfm, nmiie letmrae m nmiie diessm e dua è nmstafetb, nmiim lbtavezabfa dhm heffb pbrtetb eiie sdmite na teim ergblmftb. I‑aftrbnuzabfm eaute ai nbdmftm e `ersa uf‑anme nmi pmrdbrsb prale na prbsmguarm fmiie imtture. A pmrdbrsa, dblm sa è gaã nmttb, nmtt b, sbfb sbib nmiim prbpbstm bpmretavm dhm pbssbfb mssmrm pañ b lmfb dbfgmfaeia ei dbftmstb af a f dua bgfa safgbib afsmgfeftm sa trbve e bpmrerm. Ie imtture nmii‑aftrbnuzabfm pmrlmttmrã na evmrm uf quenrb n‑afsamlm nmi ievbrb ne svbigmrm, svbigmrm, na veiuterm sm è enettb eiim prbpram diessa m na allegaferm queia pbtrmkkmrb mssmrm, mvmftueilmftm, im lbna`adhm ne eppbrterm. Tdhmle gmfmreim nmi pmrdbrsb: Dbse efnaelb e `erm2

Ai pmrdbrsb, prmsmftetb fmii‑aftrbnuzabfm, vamfm epprb`bfnatb fmiie tekmiie «Dbse efnaelb e `erm2¿. Uua sbfb mimfdeta sdhmletadelmftm im `esa ne smguarm, ie ibrb nurete m ai iubgb af dua sa svbigbfb (dese/sdubie). Smr bgfa `esm vamfm krmvmlmftm nmsdratte ie lbneiatã na msmduzabfm. E qumstb puftb i‑afsmgfeftm he uf‑anme lbitb pañ dhaere nmi pmrdbrsb. ^ekmiie nmiim dbfbsdmfzm, ekaiatã m dblpmtmfzm: Nbvm vbgiaelb erraverm2

Smr prbgmtterm m rmeiazzerm m``adedmlmftm uf pmrdbrsb depbvbitb, d‑è kasbgfb na sepmrm queia dbfbsdmfzm, ekaiatã m dblpmtmfzm sa vbgiabfb `er reggaufgmrm egia stunmfta eiie `afm nmii‑ettavatã. Ie tekmiie «Nbvm vbgiaelb erraverm2¿ im raessulm afnadefnb efdhm a treguerna na dblpmtmfze m im dblpmtmfzm dhaevm murbpmm. @esa na ievbrb, prbgmttezabfm, rasbrsm — Tdhmle nmiie smqumfze nmiim ettavatã sdubie-dese-sdubie

Af qumste smzabfm im safgbim `esa nmii‑ettavatã depbvbite, gaã mimfdetm sblleraelmftm fmiib sdhmle gmfmreim, sbfb nmsdrattm fmi nmttegiab spmda`adefnb ai ievbrb ne `erm e dese m e sdubie, a letmraeia radhamsta m qumiia ne dbfsuiterm. Dblm ekkaelb gaã eddmffetb, a ra`mralmfta dblpimta ea letmraeia nagateia dateta sbfb dbfsuitekaia fmii‑eppmfnadm 5 ^ekmiie na rampaibgb nmiim rasbrsm (vanmb m iafo). Srbgmttezabfm nmi pmrdbrsb: Tdhmne nbdmftm

Uumiie dhm vamfm nm`afate «Tdhmne nbdmftm¿ è af rmeitã ie prbgmttezabfm vmre m prbprae nmi pmrdbrsb depbvbitb. Msse dbfsastm fmiie spamgezabfm nmiie lbneiatã na ievbrb m nmi lmtbnb, fmiib sdhmle nmiim ezabfa nma gruppa m nmii‑afsmgfeftm m fmiie 8>

Nanettade depbvbite — Ateiaefb, stbrae m gmbgre󿬅 e

 

smgfeiezabfm nmiim vanmbimzabfa m nmi letmraeim ne dbfsuiterm sui wmk (satbgre`ae). Grezam e qumste sdhmne ai nbdmftm seprã msettelmftm dbse `er `erm egia eiuffa m dbse `erm mgia stmssb lmftrm ie diessm è ei ievbrb. Dbfsmgfe Dbfsmgf e pmr ie diessm: Tdhmne stunmftm

Ie dbfsmgfe pmr gia stunmfta è ie sdhmne dhm ai nbdmftm utaiazze pmr essmgferm eiie diessm ai dblpatb eutmftadb. Msse dbftamfm im astruzabfa na ievbrb pmr pmrlmttmrm egia eiuffa na ievbrerm af eutbfblae, a ra`mralmfta ea vanmb m ea sata essmgfeta dblm letmraeim eftadapetbrab m na epprb`bfnalmftb, afnadezabfa raguernb ea tmlpa m eiim lbneiatã na msmduzabfm nmi ievbrb, fbfdhá ea rubia dhm mssa nmvbfb eutbnastrakuarsa pmr i‑msmduzabfm nmii‑ettavatã. Ta trette na ufe pertm lbitb alpbrteftm a lpbrteftm nmi pmrdbrsb. Uueftb pañ è dhaere m prmdase, teftb pañ gia stunmfta sereffb af grenb na `erm uf kubf ievbrb eutbgmstmfnbsa. Smr qumstb lbtavb lbtavb è dbfsagiaekaim, sm ib sa ratamfm fmdmsserab, pmrsbfeiazzerie af kesm eiim derettmrastadhm nmiie prbprae diessm. Tdhmne na ra`imssabfm afnavanueim sui prbdmssb

Uumste sdhmne vamfm sbiatelmftm dbfsmgfete egia stunmfta eiie `afm na bgfa pmrdbrsb. Msse smrvm en egmvbierm ie lmtedbgfazabfm m e prmfnmrm dbsdamfze nmi dellafb svbitb. Ie sdhmne repprmsmfte efdhm uf alpbrteftm `mmnkedo `mmn kedo pmr ai nbdmftm dhm pbtrã nmdanmrm sm nerm uf pmsb, efdhm lafalb, ei rasuitetb nmiie sdhmne ea `afa nmiie veiutezabfm `afeim. Ai rasuitetb nmiie sdhmne, quafna, è tmfutb af dbfsanmrezabfm nei nbdmftm ei lblmftb nmiie veiutezabfm, le smrvm leggabrlmftm eiib stunmftm pmr stalbierm ie sue eutbfblae m ai sub smfsb na rmspbfsekaiatã m spafgmrib e `erm lmgiab im vbitm suddmssavm. Ie sdhmne è pmrsbfeiazzekaim af kesm ei tapb na pmrdbrsb m puû veraerm na vbite af vbite.  [ukrade na veiutezabfm

Bgfa pmrdbrsb è dbrrmnetb efdhm ne ufe rukrade na veiutezabfm, dhm pmrlmttm ei nbdmftm na m``mttuerm uf‑eddurete efeiasa sae nmi prbnbttb dhm nmi prbdmssb. Ie veiutezabfm gmfmreim nmi pmrdbrsb nbvrmkkm evvmfarm tmfmfnb prmsmfta a rasuiteta sae nmiie rukrade dhm nmiie dhmdo-iast eutbveiutetave, legera essmgfefnb uf pmsb lafbrm e qumst‑uitale. Af bgfa desb gia stunmfta nmvbfb mssmrm prmvmftavelmftm af`brleta su dblm vmrreffb veiuteta. Dhmdo-iast eutbveiutetave

]f pmrdbrsb depbvbitb sa dbfdiunm smlprm dbf i‑eutbveiutezabfm ne pertm nmgia stunmfta. Ie dhmdo-iast na eutbveiutezabfm, af`etta, fm è pertm aftmgreftm m alprmsdafnakaim. Bgfa pmrdbrsb he ufe sue dhmdo-iast dhm gmfmreilmftm è dbstruate af kesm eiim radhamstm `ettm fmiie dbfsmgfe m eiim derettmrastadhm dhm ai prbnbttb `afeim nmvm evmrm. Ie dhmdo-iast sa dblpbfm na namda smlpiada nblefnm e dua gia stunmfta essmgfmreffb 5 puftb sm ie raspbste è e``mrletave b 3 pufta sm fmgetave. Uumstb è ai lbnb pañ smlpiadm pmr gia stunmfta pmr eutbveiutersa, le efdhm pmr mssmrm eddblpegfeta fmiie dbrrmtte msmduzabfm nmi ievbrb. Ie dhmdo-iast, af`etta, ve dbfsmgfete prale na afazaerm ai dblpatb pbadhá he efdhm `ufzabfm na guane af queftb ravmie egia stunmfta af eftadapb dbse da sa espmtte ne ibrb pmr reggaufgmrm ufe veiutezabfm pbsatave. Dblm userm ai vbiulm  

8=

 

E󐁳󰁳 􀁳 󐁳󰁳󰁻󰁭󐁦􀁭􀁻

4

I󰁥 `󰁮􀁥 􀁮󰁡󐁧a󐁾󐁥󐁩m􀀣󰁮󐁭i􀀣󰁴󐁭d󰁩󰁢!

Ie prbpbste è dbstatuate ne uf pmrdbrsb na = brm  brm na ettavatã af diessm. Ai  pmrdbr  pmr  pmrdbrsb sb depbvbitb  Epp pmr epprmfnmrm è epprmfnmrm è afsmratb eii‑aftmrfb nmiie prbgmttezabfm na stbrae stbrae pmr ie sa trette, af fmiib rmeitã,stunab na uf nmiie pmrdbrsb nampañ elpae pbrtete, dhm lare e svaiupperm prale, le prale, ufediessm afnaspmfsekaim stbrae na tuttm qumiim letmram dhm radhamnbfb na dblpmtmfze dbiibderm mvmfta fmi tmlpb, tmlpb, dblm ie imttmreture ateiaefe m qumiie strefamre, ie stbrae nmii‑ertm m nmiie lusade, im sdamfzm, mdd. Ib stunab nmiie iafme nmiie iafme nmi tmlpb vamfm e``rbftetb gaã eiie sdubie pralerae m, pba, vamfm raprmsb dbf leggabr dbfsepmvbimzze eii‑afazab nmiie sdubie smdbfnerae na pralb grenb. Smr stunaerm m` 󿬅dedmlmftm ie stbrae, tuttevae, fbf è su` 󿬅damftm sepmrsa bramfterm su uf essm drbfbibgadb, le bddbrrm efdhm alpererm efdhm  alpererm e nmstrmggaersa dbf a smdbia dhm repprmsmftefb a pufta na ra`mralmftb fmi pessetb. Ai pmrdbrsb aftmfnm afsmgferm e nmfblaferm a smdbia af lefamre dbrrmtte „ dbrrmtte „ dbf pertadbierm ettmfzabfm eii‑usb nma fulmra rblefa „ m e afnavanuer a fnavanuermm e queim smdbib eppertamfm ufe spmda 󿬅de nete. nete. Ie vanmbimzabfm prbpbste dblm eftadapezabfm ib spamge nmttegiaetelmftm dbf lbita msmlpa. Sur evmfnb ufe nurete na 54 lafuta sa è prm`mratb essmgferm ai vanmb egia eiuffa af uf‑ufade sbiuzabfm, netb dhm a dbfdmtta ne lmlbrazzerm sbfb pbdha. Ai pmrdbrsb è aftrbnbttb, dblm ei sbiatb, ne uf vanmb gefdab dhm lmttm gia stunmfta eiie prbve dbf ufe s󿬅ne, stalbiefnb ie ibrb durabsatã. Nbpb im ettavatã iekbretbraeia na dbfsbianelmftb af diessm m na epprb`bfnalmftb e dese, vmrrã prbpbstb egia stunmfta uf dblpatb eutmftadb lbitb bragafeim: ie rmeiazzezabfm na eidufm epps dbf  dbf  Imerfafg Epps (󿬅gure 4), ufb strulmftb nagateim gretuatb, `edaim m aftuatavb pmr rmeiazzerm gabdha nanettada aftmrettava.. Tu Imerfafg epps ai nbdmftm puû drmerm ufe diessm vartueim af dua afsmrarm a prbpra eiuffa, tmrettava smfze kasbgfb na uf afnarazzb mleai? af qumstb lbnb, efdhm gia stunmfta pañ gabvefa pbssbfb eddmnmrm, af sadurmzze, eii‑eppiadezabfm, sbttb ai dbftrbiib nmi nbdmftm m ai ibrb ievbrb puû mssmrm lbfatbretb neii‑afsmgfeftm ettrevmrsb ai prbprab eddbuft. Dbf qumstb dblpatb, neii‑epprbddab nmdaselmftm iunadb, a regezza pbtreffb tmsterm im ibrb dbfbsdmfzm m dblpmtmfzm, navmrtmfnbsa m s 󿬅nefnbsa e vadmfne.

@ag. 4 

Ie hblmpegm na Imerfafg Epps.

Smrdbrsa depbvbita — 4 

55=

 

E􀁳󰁳 p􀁭􀁻 e􀁳󰁳󰁻m󰁦󰁮󰁭r􀁭

N􀁢􀁰􀁭 󰁰b󰁧􀁩󐁡󰁬􀀣󰁻􀁻󐁡􀁰e􀁻󰀲 Dbfbsdmfzm

•  Ie iafme iafme nmi tmlpb •  A smdbia

Ekaiatã

•  [adbfbsdmrm m userm userm dbrrmttelmftm a fulmra rblefa m eitra eitra lmtbna useta pmr nmfblaferm a smdbia •  Dbiibderm a smdbia suiie iafme nmi tmlpb, nastafgumfnb tre qumiia e.D. m n.D., m sepmrfm afnaderm ie nurete •  Tepmr afnaderm e queim smdbib eppertamfm ufe nete nete spmda󿬅de

^reguerna na dblpmtmfze

•  I‑eiuffb se bramftersa suiie iafme nmi tmlpb m ie use pmr brgefazzerm af`brlezabfa, dbfbsdmfzm, pmrabna m afnavanuerm suddmssabfa, dbftmlpbrefmatã, nuretm, pmrabnazzezabfa •  I‑eiuffb dbfbsdm m utaiazze strulmfta spmda󿬅da nmi iafgueggab nasdapiaferm

Dblpmtmfzm dhaevm murbpmm

•  •  •  • 

Dbse sepreffb `erm gia eiuffa e 󿬅fm nmi pmrdbrsb

Eiie 󿬅fm nmi pmrdbrsb gia eiuffa sereffb af grenb na nmfblaferm a smdbia af lefamre dbrrmtte utaiazzefnb lmtbna navmrsa m sepreffb dbiibderm ufe nete spmda󿬅de eii‑aftmrfb na uf smdbib bramftefnbsa suiie iafme nmi tmlpb.

Dblpmtmfze ei`ekmtade `ufzabfeim Dblpmtmfze letmletade Dblpmtmfze nagateim Dblpmtmfze pmrsbfeim, sbdaeim m depedatã na alpererm e alpererm •  Dblpmtmfze alprmfnatbraeim

Smrdbrsa depbvbita — 4 

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