Didáctica 2 Módulos-ResumenII
September 14, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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CEP PXGH]EP Z CF @ELP]TX@@JÐL PE@JFC MHC @ELE@JOJHL]E Yhrðlj`f Hmwfrms –Cf rhcf`jðl mh ces sughtes `el hc `ele`jojhlte‟. Hc `el `ele`j e`jojh ojhlte lte sh prhshl prhshltf tf dfge, dfge, prekrf prekrfofs ofs,, cjcjdres dres hs hs`ec `ecfrh frhs, s, `elthl `elthljme jmes s `urrj`ucfrhs, præ`tj`fs me`hlths Cess `elt Ce `elthl hljm jmes es `u `urr rrj` j`uc ucfr frhs hs ytrfl trrhcf`jelhs. flso sojt jthl hl ulf ulf vj vjsj sjðl ðl mhc mhc oulm oulme, e, `e `eoe oe `ele`jojhlte (`ele`jojhlte). Yæcjme y futerjzfme, vhrmfmhre. Hl tflte cfs præ`tj`fs mh ces me`hlths y cfs rhcf`jelhs quh sh hstfdch`hl rhfcjzfl cf trflsierof`jðl mhc `ele`jojhlte. Mhijlj`jðl Mhijlj `jðl77 Hc `ele`j `ele`jojh ojhlte lte hs` hs`ecfr ecfr hs ulf `elstr `elstru`` u``jðl jðl se`jfc, se`jfc, hs mh`jr `eoe edghtjvfme hl cfs rhcf`jelhs y præ`tj`fs (jlstjtu`jelfchs) `etjmjflfs, f trfvês mh ces `ufchs ces fcuoles sh hl`uhltrfl `el y bf`hl suye ces `ele`jojhltes, quh cf hs`uhcf hs`uhcf jlthltf trflsojtjr. shf7 f7 Cf hs hs`u `uhc hcff tr trfl flso sojtjthh `e `ele le`j `joj ojhl hlte te væ væcjcjme, me, hs hshh `e `ele le`j `joj ojhl hlte te hs E sh edghtjvfme, ce quh qujhrh mh`jr quh hs edghte mh `ele`jojhlte quh per ohmje mh cfs præ`tj`fs jlstjtu`jelfchs, ces fcuoles sh fprepjfl mh êc. @ele`jojhlte hs...................rh`erth hs...................rh`erth ermhlfme mh cf rhfcjmfm Hs................... Hs...................sh sh prhshltf hl ul oeme sjlkucfr Hs.................... Hs....................sh sh rhfcjzf hl ul hspf`je pfrtj`ucfr (fucf) Cf ierof hl quh sh prhshltf hc `ele`jojhlte hs tfodjêl dfge `elthljmes. Ces `elthljmes mh ces prekrfofs sel fcthrfmes per ces f`terhs jlstjtu`jelfchs (ofhstres, fcuoles) Ierof mh `ele`jojhlte7 Hs cf hxjsthl`jf se`jfc y ofthrjfc mhc `ele`jojhlte. Hs hc oeme hl quh sh trflsojth trflsojth hc `ele`joj `ele`jojhlte, hlte, cf ierof mh hlshöfl hlshöflzf zf hl hc fucf, cf rhcf`jðl ofhstre - fcuole. Cðkj`f mhc `ele`jojhlte7 Hs hc oeme hl quh jlicuyh hc `ele`jojhlte sedrh cf iH^JP]HOECÐKJ@EP erof hl quh shmhsmh præ`ces tj`f`ufchs y tbfl jhlh sjme quhierofmes vhr `eces l f`terhs ces PX(tjhlh ^XHP]quh EP vhr `el cf hch``jðl mhc me`hlth me`hlth irhlth f ul thof y hc oeme hl quh ce jopfrth, tjhlh quh vhr `el su præ`tj`f phmfkðkj`f) Hx`jth ulf CÐKJ@F MH @EL]HLJME y ulf CÐKJ@F MH JL]HTF@@JÐL. CÐKJ@F MHC @EL]HLJME
UUU Ljvhc mh fdstrf``jðl. UUU Thcf`jðl `/ce `el`rhte UUU krfme mh ierofcjzf`jðl mhc `ele`jojhlte. UUU Cf prhthlsjðl mh vhrmfm UUU Cf prhthlsjðl mh `jhltjij`jmfm jopcï`jtf UUU Hl cfs ierofs mh trflsojsjðl UUU Hstru`turf y mhcjojtf`jðl mhc `ele`jojhlte
CÐKJ@F MH CF JL]HTF@@JÐL JL]HTF@@JÐL UU Mjs`urse jopcï`jte y hxpcï`jte mh ces f`terhs
`eoe
UU UU UU UU UU
Hc tjpe mh prhkultfs mhc Me`hlth Hc tjpe mh rhspuhstfs mhc Fcuole Cf jlthrf``jðl hl hc fucf Ph mhthrojlf cf cðkj`f mh cf hlshöflzf Cf cðkj`f mh cf pfrtj`jpf`jðl UU Hc `ele`jojhlte quh sh mhshf trflsojtjr y
Hstfs mes mjohlsjelhs mfl per shltfme cfs IETOFP MH @ELE@JOJHL]E, quh mh f`uhrme f cf `el`hp`jðl quh sh thlkf mhc ojsoe su fdermfgh shræ mhsmh mjihrhlths pesturfs y ofr`frfl cfs mjihrhl`jfs. ^er ce quh hc `ele`jojhlte mh f`uhrme f cf rhcf`jðl quh sh hstfdchz`f `el hc ojsoe puhmh shr mh HR]HTJETJMFM HR]HTJETJMFM e mh JL]HTJETJMFM. JL]HTJETJMFM. HR]HTJETJMFM
JL]HTJETJMFM
Hl hsth `fse cf rhcf`jðl `el hc `ele`jojhlte fghlf, hxtrföf. hc `ele`jojhlte sh prhshltf `eoe jlf``hsjdch. Hc sughte flth hc edghte mh
Hl hsth `fse hc sughte hstfdch`h ulf rhcf`jðl sjkljij`ftjvf. ^frf quh hste
`ele`jojhlte mhoflmf pjstfs pfrf cf rhspuhstf @errh`tf. Ph premu`h ulfbfccfr sjoucf`jðl jl`cujrce. mh Fprepjf`jðl mh `ele`jojhlte. Cf rhcf`jðl hs7 hxjtesf, oh`ælj`f y hxthrjer. sh sjkljij`ftjve. sjkljij`ftjve.
e`urrf hc fc `ele`jojhlte jlthrrekf sughte h Mhdh,. dus`fr su pulte mh vjstf, su epjljðl. Hc sughte fprepjf mhc `elthljme. Z hc `ele`jojhlte hs
Hxjsthl trhs oflhrfs mh fdermfr hc @ele`jojhlte, y sel7 6. Ierof Ierof mh `ele `ele`jo `jojhl jhlte te ttðpj ðpj`e `e 4. Ier ele`jo `jojhl jhlte te ephrf` rf`jel jelfc fc 0. Ierof Ierof Ierof of mh mh ``ele ``ele ele`jo `jojhl jhlte te eph sjt sjtuf` uf`jel jelfc fc 6. ]Ð^J@F7 Ph prhshltf ulf rhcf`jðl `el hc `ele`jojhlte f oeme mh tepes, (hspf`jes) bfy ulf hstru`turf`jðl mhc `elthljme. Z fpfrh`hl fsï ces7
Mftes prh`jses @elthljme sh`uhl`jfc, sh tjhlh hl `uhltf hc ermhl y cf sh`uhl`jf Thspuhstfs thxtufchs y prh`jsfs Thfcjmfm rhprhshltfmf per hchohltes fjscfmes y fdstrf`tes. Bfy hx`cusjðl mh ces fcuoles, hcces le hxpcj`fl lj hcfderfl ^eshh chlkufgh `jhltïij`e y sh prhshltf `eoe ifojcjfr. Hs vhrïmj`e jl`uhstjelfdch.
HG. @cfsh mh @jhl`jfs Pe`jfchs –Cf rhvecu`jðl Irfl`hsf‟
Hc ofhstre bf`h chhr ul pærrfie y ce rhpjth, bf`h prhkultfs y hsphrf rhspuhstfs prh`jsfs, ermhlfmfs, vhrïmj`fs, `el chlkufgh fprepjfme, le f`hptf rhspuhstfs fprexjoftjvfs, flucf ces `ele`jojhltes prhvjes mh ces Fcuoles, le phrojth cf hcfderf`jðl. HG. @cfsh mh @jhl`jfs Lfturfchs –Hc fpfrfte mjkhstjve‟ Cæojlfs `el leodrhs `jhltïij`es, mhs`rjp`jðl flftðoj`f. Hc Me`hlth cuhke mh chhr bf`h prhkultfs y hsphrf cf rhspuhstf `errh`tf, hxphrjhl`jf jkufc f cf flthrjer. HG7 @cfsh mh Chlkuf –Fsï hrf Oerhces‟ Ph jlthltf dus`fr cf mhijlj`jðl mh ch`turf Lfrrftjvf y Mhs`rjptjvf, f pfrtjr mh chhr ul thxte, hc Me`hlth bf`h prhkultfs Z hsphrf rhspuhstfs `errh`tfs, le fprexjoftjvfs, lj tjhlh hl `uhltf fghs (fprhlmjzfghs) flthrjerhs e prhvjes mh ces F. 4. Ephrf`jelfc7 Cf rhcf` rhcf`jðl jðl hstæ dfsfmf hl cf ephrf`jðl per pfrth pfrth mhc Fcuole, sh edshrvf7 Hs epuhstf f cf ohoerjzf`jðl Pu oêteme hstæ dfsfme hl cf hghr`jtf`jðl f cf quh seohthl ces Fcuoles Hc `ele`jojhlte sh hghr`jtf per ohmje mh prhkultfs `hrthrfs, ræpjmfs quh cchvfl f rhspuhstfs cðkj`fs. Hsth tjpe mh oêteme cchvf f phlsfr, sh `ele`h `eoe hstïouce - rhspuhstf phre sh jopjmh cf hcfderf`jðl mhc Fcuole. Hstæ fushlth hc mjs`urse hcfderftjve, ce quh bfy hs cf fpcj`f`jðl mh ul oêteme `errh`te. Ces ojsoes hghopces f ces flthrjerhs, melmh hc Me`hlth mf jlmj`jes pfrf quh ces Fcuoles puhmfl cchkfr f cf rhspuhstf, phre le phrojth cf hcfderf`jðl, sh hghr`jtf ou`be, hc `ele`jojhlte le tjhlh sjkljij`f`jðl pfrf hc Fcuole. 0. Pj Pjtu tuf` f`je jelf lfc7 c7 Cf rhcf` rhcf`jðl jðl quh sh hstfdc hstfdch` h`hh `el `el hc `ele`j `ele`joj ojhl hlte te hs mh jlthrjerjmfm, sh edshrvf quh7
Ph jlthltf jlthrrekfr fc sughte Cf rhcf`jðl mhc sughte `el hc `ele`jojhlte hs jltrïlsh`f Ph dus`f cf jlthrjerjzf`jðl mhc `ele`jojhlte per pfrth mhc sughte. Hc `elthljme y hc `ele`jojhlte mhdhl shr sjkljij`ftjves pfrf hc sughte. Ph prepelhl sjtuf`jelhs hl melmh hc sughte hcfderh y thlkf shltjme hc `elthljme y `ele`jojhlte pfrf hc Fcuole.
HG. @cfsh mh Chlkuf –@elvhrsf`jðl Ierofc h jlierofc‟ mhijlj`jelhs mh cfs ojsofs.
Cf Me`hlth `eojhlzf cf `cfsh bfdcflme `el ces Fcuoles, le mf f prjerj cf mhijlj`jðl, mhgf quh surgf mh cf `elvhrsf`jðl, phrojth quh ces Fcuoles utjcj`hl su pr prep epje je ch chlk lkuf ufgh gh,, le fl fluc ucff ce cess `e `ele le`j `joj ojhl hlte tess pr prhv hvje jes, s, ce cess jl jlth thkr krf, f, `elg `e lgul ultf tfohl ohlth th ph phro rojtjthh qu quhh ce cess fc fcuo uole less mh mhdf dftf tfl, l, `e `eli lire relt lthh y sh vf vfyf yf ieroflme ulf mhijlj`jðl, fyumf y f`eopföf hc pre`hse, vfcjmf y phrih``jelf. Hs fsï `eoe hc `ele`jojhlte tjhlh shltjme pfrf hc Fcuole, hs `eoe hc Fcuole sh fprepjf y ce bf`h suye.. Zf bhoes mj`be `ele`jojhlte hc sughte hltfdcfl ulfshrhcf`jðl ojsof puhmh shrquh mh hcjlthrjerjmfm y mhy hxthrjerjmfm, fmhoæs mjge quhy cf hc `ele`jojhlte jlicuyh sedrh hc `elthljme y cf ierof mh jopfrtjr, mh hlshöfr. Pfdhoes quh hltrh hc `ele`jojhlte y hc Fcuole hstæ hc ohmjfmer quh hs hc Me`hlth. Hltel`hs hc Fcuole fmeptf ulf pesj`jðl irhlth fc `ele`jojhlte, e shf hs puhste hl ulf sjtuf`jðl mh hlshöflzf - fprhlmjzfgh, y mh f`uhrme f cf rhcf`jðl quh hstfdchz`f mh jlthrjerjmfm e hxthrjerjmfm, hc ojsoe rhsuctfrf fghle e le. @uflme hc @ele`jojhlte hs fghle hl ulf sjtuf`jðl tðpj`f7 Ph prhshltf per hghopce hl cf `cfsh mh @jhl`jfs Lfturfchs. Melmh hc `elthljme sedrh hc fpfrfte mjkhstjve hs sjopchohlth ulf cjstf jlthrojlfdch mh leodrhs `jhltïij`es, hc `ele`jojhlte le jlthrrekfy fc hc ohmjfmer le phrojth hcfderf`jðl per Fcuole sh Fcuole, hsphrf rhspuhstfs `hrthrfs, flth hccf jlthrrekfterje per pfrth pfrth mhc mhc Me`hlth, bfy `errh``jðl sjl cf `eoprhlsjðl. Bfy thlsjðl hltrh ces Fcuoles y hc Me`hlth, le bfy hcfderf`jðl, hsth hghopce sh rhpjth `el cf `cfsh mh chlkuf, hc Me`hlth le tjhlh hl `uhltf ce quh mj`hl ces fcuoles, le sh phrojth cf mjs`usjðl lj hc mhdfth. Hc Me`hlth sh vfch mh ul oflhge mh cf `cfsh melmh7
Hc `eltrec ce ofltjhlh hc Me`hlth per ohmje mh turles, êc shöfcf qujêl rhspelmh. Cf serprhsf, jlmj`f fc fzfr Hc Me`hlth vf mflme pjstfs f ces ljöes quh mhdhl shkujr pfrf mhmu`jr cf rhspuhstf `errh`tf. Ph `elper @EL]HLJME. Ph `eliulmh ofltjhlh IETOF cf thlsjðl ohmje mh ces turles y cf serprhsf
Hl hc hghopce mh cf `cfsh mh chlkuf, chlkuf, ces ljöes le cekrfl fpcj`fr cf mhijlj`jðl mh Lfrrftjvf lj Mhs`rjptjvf. Hl hsth tjpe mh rhcf`jðl le sh phrojth quh hc Fcuole thlkf hcfderf`jðl, hltrh hl `eltf`te `el hc `ele`jojhlte. Hc Me`hlth oflhgf hc supuhste mh quh perquh yf sh bf vjste cf mhijlj`jðl ces ljöes yf oflhgfl hc `el`hpte y ce sfdhl, per hlmh ce bfl hlthlmjme, phre hse le e`urrjð. Cf rhcf`jðl `el hc `ele`jojhlte hs per ohmje mh hstjouce - rhspuhstf, hc ofhstre vf jlmj`flme per ohmje mh pjstfs y ces ljöes fmjvjlfl cfs rhspuhstfs, le phrojth cf hcfderf`jðl. @uflme hc @ele`jojhlte hs fghle hl ulf sjtuf`jðl ephrf`jelfc7 Hc hghopce hs cf `cfsh mh ofthoætj`fs, –Thsecu`jðl mh predchofs‟.
.....‟Cf Me`hlth prepelh ul predchof mh suof y ouctjpcj`f`jðl, chs pjmh f ces ljöes –LJÖEP7 THPXHCYFL HC ^TEDCHOF, VXJHTE YHT @EOE ^JHLPF @FMF XLE‟.... ule mh ces ljöes mj`h... –hs quh le puhme ofhstrf‟, ces ljöes yf sh bfdïfl hlirhltfme f hsth `ele`jojhlte, y le bfdïfl pemjme rhsecvhrce, cf Me`hlth ce rhiuhrzf y ch mj`h quh pruhdh, phre le ohmjf hltrh hc `ele`jojhlte y hc Fcuole. Le bfy rhsuctfmes, per ce quh cf Me`hlth `eojhlzf f hxpcj`fr pfse f pfse mh `ðoe rhsecvhrce, rfzelfojhlte y ephrf`jelhs lh`hsfrjfs pfrf pemhr rhsecvhr cf `uhstjðl, sh pelh hl cfguhke cf CÐKJ@F MH CF mhc JL]HTF@@JÐL melmh hc Me`hlth ohmjf, `eltrecflme ierof jl`uhstjelfdch `ele`jojhlte, ces Fcuoles hltrfl hl hstf cðkj`f y `eojhlzfl f mhoflmfr jlmj`jes pfrf quh cf Me`hlth ces kuïh, pfrh`jhrf bfdhr ul f`hr`fojhlte fc `ele`jojhlte. ^hre hse le hs fsï, f÷l hc `ele`jojhlte rhsuctf hxthrjer fc sughte. Hc sughte hstæ sudermjlfme fc `ele`jojhlte. Flth cf jopesjdjcjmfm mh fprhlmhr hc `ele `ele`j `joj ojhl hlte, te, cf cð cðkj kj`f `f sh jope jopelh lh hl dus` dus`ff mh rh rhsp spuh uhst stfs fs `err `errh` h`tf tfs, s, le jlthrhsf `eoprhlmhr lj fprhlmhr, sh ljhkf cf pesjdjcjmfm mh fprhlmhr per ohmje mhc hrrer. @uflme @ufl me hc `e `ele le`j `joj ojhl hlte te hs sj sjkl kljijij` j`ft ftjv jvee hl ulf ulf rh rhcf cf`j `jðl ðl sj sjtu tuf` f`je jelf lfc7 c7 Hxjsth ulf rhcf`jðl oæs sjkljij`ftjvf hltrh hc `ele`jojhlte y hc sughte, hc Me`hlth pjmh f sus Fcuoles quh sh jl`cuyfl hl cf sjtuf`jðl, ohger mj`be chs ph phr roj ojth th, , quh qu sh jlthr lthrre reku kuhl , phr phrojth oj th quh qurhhlshcf `cfsh pelk pelkffmhl chlkuf hl fguhke uh ke ces cehc s `ele`jojhl `ele` jojhltes tesh prhvjes, hste shhl,puhmh edshrvf edshrvfr chlku melmh Me`hlth `eojhlzf cf `cfsh hl ulf `bfrcf jlierofc sh phrojth hc chlkufgh mh ces ljöes, hc shltjme `eo÷l, sh cchkf f cf mhijlj`jðl temes gultes mhc mhdfth, mh cf `elireltf`jðl le hs ulf mhijlj`jðl fghlf f hcces, sjle quh bf bfdjme ulf hcfderf`jðl quh chs phrojth fprepjfrsh mhc `ele`jojhlte, sh `elireltf y sh ohgerf pfrf cchkfr f cf mhijlj`jðl eij`jfc, f`æ sh prhshltf ul `ele`jojhlte sjkljij`ftjve y sjtuf`jelfc. PXGH]E HP@ECFT7 Le hs sjopchohlth hc Fcuole, hs oæs quh hse, hs
ouctjif`êtj`e ^frtj`jpf hl cf `elstru``jðl mhc `ele`jojhlte `el hc Me`hlth y sus pfrhs. ^frtj`jpf hl cf rhfcjmfm æucj`f ^frtj`jpf mh cf rhfcjmfm, `rhflme ulf `esoevjsjðl mhc oulme.
MHC @XTTÏ@XCE ^THP@TJ^]E FC @XTTÏ@XCE HLPHÖFME Pjcvjlf Kvjrtz. –CF @ELIJKXTF@JÐL BJP]ÐTJ@F MHC @XFMHTLE MH @CFPH‟. @eoe mjspesjtjve bjstðrj`e, su jmhecekïf y oevjojhlte quh ce prepj`jfl, cf HP@XHCF LXHYF, prh`urser preihser Gesê Thzzfle. HP@FCFLEYJP]FP7 mhrjvf mh Hs`ecfle, quh@ftfcuöf hrfl ces yljöes quh sh hmu`fdfl hl hc `ucte mh fckules oelfsthrjes mh Frfkðl, Yfchl`jf. Hc thof mhc `ufmhrle surkh `eoe `elsh`uhl`jfs mh secu`jelfr predchoætj`fs rhcftjvfs f cf `etjmjflhjmfm mh cf hs`uhcf. Pu edghtjve hrf erkfljzfr hc duhl iul`jelfojhlte mh cf hs`uhcf. Ph trftf mh erkfljzfr hc trfdfge mh cf hs`uhcf sedrh ces prjl`jpjes quh prepelïf hc ]fycerjsoe (sjsthof mh trfdfge jlmustrjfc, sh mhdïf hstfr `el cf êpe`f) ^err ce tf tfllte hc `ufmh ufmhrl rlee su re recc `h `hlltr trfc fc hrf `eoe eoe erkf erkflj ljzf zfme mer r ^e jlstjtu`jelfc, mh tfrhfs, berfs ht`. Ph prepelh `eoe ul jseoerijsoe hltrh cf hs`uhcf y cf jlmustrjf, sh rhspelmh f cfs lh`hsjmfmhs mhc sjsthof `fpjtfcjstf. ^er ce quh cf f`uoucf`jðl mh trfdfge hl hc `ufmhrle, rhprhshltfdf
hltel`hs f cf fpremu``jðl. Ph hqujpfrfrï hqujpfrfrïf f cf `fltjmfm `fltjmfm mh f`tjvjmfmhs, f`tjvjmfmhs, `eoe `fltjmfm `fltjmfm mh berfs trfdfgfmfs, `eoe sh vh sh rhcf`jelf cf hs`uhcf `el cf iædrj`f. Cf rhcf`jðl hs hltel`hs hgh mh f`tjvjmfm hgh mjs`jpcjlfr.
Thzzfle `jtf7 –...Cf hs`uhcf prjofrjf shf vhrmfmhrfohlth cf præ`tj`f ful mh `f `fræ ræ`t `thr hr pr prhh-pr prei eihs hsje jelf lfcc y prhj prhjlm lmus ustr trjf jfcc ...h ...hlt lthl hlmj mjme me `eoe `eoe ul tr trfd fdfg fge e erkfljzfme y ih`ulme...‟ Hltrh hc oêteme mhc `ufmhrle y hc vjhge sjsthof mh cf pjzfrrf sh jlstfurf ul mhdfth quh cchvð f cu`bfs jlthrlfs, mh oeme quh sh ierofl mes krflmhs krupes, ces epesjterhs y ces mhihlserhs mhc luhve sjsthof. @fmf ule mhihlmïf su pesturf y gustjij`fdf cf ojsof. Ces pultes oæs sfcjhlths mh cfmjs`usjðl kjrfdfl terle f7 Cf h`eleoïf mh hl cf pjzfrrf irhlth fc pfphc. ^frf ces mhihlserhs, hc `ufmhrle hs ou`be oæs bjkjêlj`e. Vuh hl ul sece `ufmhrle quhmfrïf rhkjstrfme teme hc trfdfge mhc Fcuole Fccï mhdïf `elstfr hc trfdfge bh`be per hc Fcuole, hl `fsf y hl cf hs`uhcf Le sh phrojtïf cf fyumf mh pfmrhs e me`hlths, hc trfdfge mhdïf shr bh`be per hc Fcuole Ph if`jcjtfdf hc trfdfge mh `eltrec sedrh cf cfder mh ces Fcuoles per pfrth mhc Me`hlth – – – – – – per pfrth mhc – mjrh`tjve – – – – – – – ^er pfrth mhc jlsph`ter sedrh hc Me`hlth, Fcuoles y mjrh`tjves, if`jcjtflme cf tfrhf hs`ecfr y mh hvfcuf`jðl ijlfc.
Hs sjl mumfs ulf bhrrfojhltf mh `eltrec.
Hl hc prekrfof mhc `elshge hs`ecfr L¾ 6 mh 6:4> mhleojlfme –THIETOF THWWFLE‟, sh hxpelïfl cfs vhltfgfs mhc `ufmhrle ÷lj`e mh `cfsh. 6. ME@XOHL]E, ME@XOHL]E, prhshltf prhshltf edghtjvf edghtjvf cf cf tfrhf tfrhf mhc Fcuole Fcuole hl hc fucf. fucf. 4. @EL]TE @EL]TEC, C, phrojth phrojth `eltrecf `eltrecfrr cf tfrhf tfrhf rhfcjzfm rhfcjzfmff per hc Me`hlth Me`hlth y hc trfdfge hl `cfsh. 0. PJO^ PJ O^CJ CJIJ IJ@F @F CF ]FT ]FTHF, HF, if`j if`jcjcjtf tf hc tr trfd fdffge mh mj mjrh rh``ter terhs h jlsph`terhs. =. ME@X ME@XOH OHL] L]E, E, rhkj rhkjst strf rf cf tfrh tfrhff rh rhfc fcjz jzfm fmee per hc Fcuo Fcuole le hl cf hs`uhcf. 8. LETOF]JYE, LETOF]JYE, hs hmu`ftjve, hmu`ftjve, phrojth phrojth fmqujrj fmqujrjrr lerofs mh vjmf hl hl hc Fcuole 9. JLP]TX@]JYE, YE, rhichgf hc pre` e`hhse mh fprhlmjzfg zfghs, ces oh`fljsoes mhc Fcuole Xle mh ces prjohres edghtjves iuh cf `errh``jðl bf`jf ces ljöes y cuhke bf`jf hc Me`hlth, hc oflhge mh hstf `errh``jðl bh`bf f ces Fcuoles , `elsjstïf hl shöfcfr shöf cfr hc hrrer quh quh cuhke hc Fcuole Fcuole mhdïf `epjf `epjfrr bfstf hc `flsfl`j `flsfl`jee pfrf le vecvhr f `eohthrce, cf `errh``jðl sh mhdïf bf`hr lj djhl sh bfdïf `eohtjme cf ifctf. Cf hs`uhcf luhvf pre`cfofdf cf `errh``jðl mjihrhl`jfc, per hg. Hs ohger mhgfr pfsfr ul hrrer ertekræij`e hl ulf rhmf``jðl quh ul hrrer mh sjltfxjs, mh hstf oflhrf sh jlthltf hcjojlfr cf ]JL]F TEGF mhc `ufmhrle, hl melmh rhsuctfdf oæs jopertflth jlmjvjmufcjzfr ces hrrerhs quh `errhkjrces, rh`ermhoes hc chof ½QCf chtrf `el sflkrh hltrf_ `el ce `ufc hc `ufmhrle ÷lj`e phrsjkuh hl cf hs`uhcf luhvf ulf `errh``jðl `ufcjtftjvf hl vhz mh cf `ufltjtftjvf quh sh cchvfdf bfstf hsh oeohlte. CFP THIETOFP VXH JO^CJ@FTEL CF HP@XHCF LXHYF @EL HC @XFMHTLE ×LJ@E7
Ph pr prep epel elhh quh quh ce cess prek prekrf rfof ofss sh fkru fkruph phll hl th thof ofss e fsul fsulte tes, s, fdflmelflme cf mjvjsjðl mjs`jpcjlfr. Ph mhgf mh cfme hc hstumje mh cf `fcjkrfiïf, sh phrsjkuh cf duhlf chtrf, hlthlmjdch y precjgf. Mhc berfrje oesfj`e hstrj`te per mjs`jpcjlfs, sh pfsf f ul berfrje oæs hcæstj`e, quh phrojth ul ohger mhsfrrecce mh cf f`tjvjmfm. Ph bfdcf mh hopche mh tjhope hl cukfr mh berfrje. Hsth thof hc mh –hopche mh berfrje‟ jopcj`f ulf krfl rhierof, mh oeme quhh hc `u qu `ufm fmhr hrle le le qu quhm hmfd fdff mj mjvj vjmj mjme me per per berf berfss mh `c `cfs fshs hs,, lj mh mjs`jpcjlfs fberf ul thof e ul fsulte pemïf e`upfr vfrjfs begfs, ulf `cfs `cfshh hlth hlthrf rf bf bfst stff ul ulff shof shoflf lf,, sh pelïf pelïf hl gu guj` j`je je cf cfss `c `cfs fshs hs `fthmr `ft hmrætj ætj`fs `fs mhc oeljte oeljterhe rhe,, sh `uhstj `uhstjelf elfdf df quh `el hsh sjsthof sjsthof sh `rhyhrf quh hc pre`hse mh fprhlmjzfghs iuhrf pfrf temes jkufchs. Ph prjvjchkjf cf hgh`u`jðl per pfrth mh ces Fcuoles, cf f``jðl pfrf ijgfr sfdhrhs, Ph prjvjchkjf cf hs`rjturf f cf erfcjmfm.
Ph rhhopcfzfl cfs `cfshs ofkjstrfchs per cfs f`tjvjmfmhs pfrtj`jpftjvfs mh ces fcuoles. Le sh prepelh cf `eoprhlsjðl thðrj`f mhc oulme, sjle quh hc ljöe f`t÷h sedrh hc oulme, hc `ele`jojhlte hs oæs `el`rhte. Cf hs`uhcf luhvf qujhrh mhsthrrfr cfs tfrhfs bekfrhöfs, `elsjmhrfl quh hc F mhdh trfdfgfr hl `cfsh dfge cf ojrfmf mhc M, hc hxphrte hsth hs ul pulte iulmfohltfc pfrf hstes phmfkekes.
HP@XHCF LXHYF Xl `ufmhrle ÷lj`e, jopcj`fdf yf iuh mhtfccfme mhtfc cfme hl hc pærrf pærrfie ie flthr flthrjer. jer. Thzzfle,
HP@XHCF ]TFMJ@JELFC @ufmhrle mh `cfsh, yf sh bf vjste hl cf ^repuh ^repuhstf stf mh
HC @XFMHTLE MH @CFPH LE HP CE OJPOE, ^HTE HP]H ^FPF F PHT HC @XFMHTLE ×LJ@E. –CFP F@]JYJMFMHP Z CF @ELIETOF@JÐL MHC MJP@XTPE HP@ECFT‟ Pjhoprh thljhlme hl `uhltf hc `ufmhrle mh `cfsh, hc hgh hrf ce erkfljzftjve, hc thof per premu`jr oæs, `eoe shkulme hgh cfjlthrlf f`tjvjmfm. Hc hgh pfsfdf mh cf f`tjvjmfm hstfdf erkfljzfme mh oflhrf y hxthrlf. Erkfljzf`jðl Jlthrlf7 trhs tjpes mh hlul`jfmes7 6. @elsjklfs @elsjklfs mhc `ufmhrle `ufmhrle,, hc mjs`urse mjs`urse jlstjtu`jel jlstjtu`jelfc, fc, Xlf erf`jðl erf`jðl quh jlmj`f jlmj`f ce quh mhdh bf`hrsh, pcfljij`fr y erkfljzfr cf tfrhf, per pfrth mhc Me`hlth. 4. Thsecu`jðl Thsecu`jðl mh cfs cfs `el `elsjklf sjklfs, s, sh cchvf f `fde `fde ce quh mj`h mj`h cf `elsjkl `elsjklf, f, lj lj oæs lj ohles, le sh phrojth cf `rhf`jðl per pfrth mhc Fcuole. 0. Hvfcufr-`e Hvfcufr-`errhkj rrhkjr-`fc r-`fcjij` jij`fr fr cfs `elsjklfs. `elsjklfs. Cf Hvfcuf Hvfcuf`jðl `jðl sh mjvjmh mjvjmh hl7 F- `fcjij`f`jðl sh ch fsjklf ul pultfgh, hltrh ce hsphrfme y ce secj`jtfme , D- `errh``jðl sh shöfcfl ces hrrerhs, jlmj`flme ce quh hrf hsphrfdch. Cf `fcjij`f`jðl sh puhmh bf`hr per ohmje mh pultfgh `el l÷ohres e `el cf fsjklf`jðl mh chtrfs mh djhl, ofc ht`. Fc Hvfcufr sh rhfcjzfl mes tjpes mh `errh``jðl7 6- `errh`` `errh``jðl jðl `el` `el`hpt hptufc ufc,, sj hc tjp tjpee mh hrrer oemjij` oemjij`ff hc thxte thxte sh rhfcjzf rhfcjzf cf `errh``jðl, sj hc hrrer le oemjij`f hc thxte hltel`hs sece sh shöfcf sjl thlhr ofyer jopertfl`jf. 4- `errh``jðl mh tjpe ertekræij`e, ou`be oæs `eo÷l, y tjhlh ofyer phse sj hc hrrer sh bfccf hl ul thxte mh chlkuf quh mh ofthoætj`fs. ^er ce khlhrfc cfs `errh``jelhs sh rhfcjzfl `el `ecer mh tjltf mjihrhlth fc quh hstf `elih``jelfme hc `ufmhrle. Hxjsth ul `rjthrje mh h`eleojzfr fc `errhkjr, hs per hcce quh fpfrh`hl cfs sjkcfs mh D. Od. T, O, sel `ðmjkes. Cf hvfc hvfcuf uf`j `jðl ðl `e `eoe oe tfrh tfrhff mh vjkj vjkjcf cfl` l`jf jf,, sh `elt `eltre recf cf cf cfss rh rhsp spuh uhst stfs fs f cf cfs s `elsjklfs phmjmfs, cf vjkjcfl`jf rhsuctf sï per ul cfme hxthlsjvf, f temfs cfs
tfrhfs y shch`tjvf, mh temfs cfs tfrhfs sh shch``jelf ulf y sh hghr`h ofyer `eltrec. Cf `fcjmfm mh cf tfrhf hstf rhcf`jelfmf `el cf ofyer `fltjmfm y `fcjmfm, cf `fcjmfm y premu`tjvjmfm vfl mh cf ofle (yf ce bhoes mj`be `eoe hl cf jlmustrjf) Ph pemrïf pfrflkelfr HYFCXF@JÐL @EL HC @EL]TEC MH @FCJMFM. Cfs f`tjvjmfmhs sh hstflmfrjzfl hl ces `ufmhrles mh `cfsh, y quh cfs ojsofs phrthlh`hl fc shkulme hgh. Ph fkrupfl y ermhlfl hl tjpecekïfs7 @CFPJIJ@F@JÐL PHCH@@JÐL Fodfs sh prhshltfl `eoe `elthljmes mjstjltes. CFP F@]JYJMFMHP PH @CFPJIJ@FL HL7
@E^JFT, hs cf trfscf`jðl ijhc mh ul mjduge, thxte, hs ul mupcj`fme, sh bfccf prhshlth hl temfs cfs mjs`jpcjlfs, hghopce –@fsf mh ]u`uoæl‟. ]TFMX@JT, Cf rhprhshltf`jðl mh ul hlul`jfme, utjcjzflme mjstjltes tjpes mh `ðmjkes, e chlkufgh, ^er hghopce ofthoætj`fs, Ohtres f @hltïohtres, irf``jelhs, L÷ohres reofles. Mj`tfme hl chlkuf. PHCH@@JELFT, Chlkuf hc sudrfyfme mh pfcfdrfs, ofr`fr `el ulf `ruz cf `errh`tf, dus`fr `bej`h‟. @CFPJIJ@FT, pery rh`ertfr, hghopce –ouctjpch mjvjmjr dfge ul mhthrojlfme `rjthrje, fvhs, ofoïihres, hsmr÷gucfs, krfvhs, L÷ohres hlthres ht`. ETMHLFT, f pfrtjr mh ul prjohr edghte mfme sh ermhlf mh ofyer f ohler, mh jl`cusjðl, fcifdêtj`fohlth. HLXOHTFT, ^er hghopce, leodrfr ulf `jhrtf `fltjmfm mh pfïshs mh ul `eltjlhlth, `fltjmfm R mh pcfltfs, ht`. @EO^CH]FT, @hrrfr y `eopchtfr hc shltjme mh ulf erf`jðl, `eopchtfr `jirfs, pærrfies, pfcfdrfs cchlfr ieroucfrjes. PH^FTFT Z MH@EO^ELHT, Hghopce `el mjvjsjðl mh pfcfdrfs hl sïcfdfs, l÷ohres, rh`ele`hr pfrths mhc `uhrpe, shpfrfr hl L÷ohres pfrhs ht`. @EO^ELHT, @eodjlf`jðl y uljðl mh mhthrojlfmes hchohltes, chlkuf lfrrf`jðl mhs`rjp`jðl ht`. THCF@JELFT, Hstfdch`hr vïl`uces bjstðrj`e hltrh mjstjltes Hl @jhl`jfs Pe`jfchs. Thcf`jelfr ul phrselfgh `el ulhchohltes. bh`be. MHIJLJT, Hlul`jfr `el `cfrjmfm hc sjkljij`fme mh ulf pfcfdrf, dus`fr hl hc mj mj`` ``je jelf lfrj rje, e, mhij mhijlj lj`j `jðl ðl ]her ]herïf ïf mh `e `elg lgul ulte tes, s, per per hx hxth thls lsjð jðll y `eoprhlsjðl. THPXOJT, Hxtrfhr `el`hptes oæs rhchvflths, ermhlfrces mh oflhrf tfc quh hc premu`te edthljme hqujvfckf fc erjkjlfc hl `fcjmfm, phre oæs h`elðoj`e. Pjopcjij`f`jðl. THMF TH MF@] @]FT FT,, Hs oest oestrf rfrr y hg hghr hr`j `jtf tfrr cf cfss `elv `elvhl hl`j `jel elhs hs se`j se`jfc fcoh ohlt lth h f`hptfmfs pfrf mh`jr per ohmje mh cf hs`rjturf fcke, Hghopce7 secj`jtum mh hopche, `frtf mh prhshltf`jðl. E^HTFT, F pfrtjr mh ul edghte mfme rhfcjzfr ul pre`hse quh cchvf f ul pr premu emu`t `tee ijijlf lfcc mj mjst stjl jlte te fc er erjk jkjl jlfc fc,, per per hg hghop hopce ce77 ofth ofthoæ oætjtj`f `fss ces ces fckerjtoes.
THPECYHT, Mfr rhspuhstfs f sjtuf`jelhs predchoætj`fs, ofthoætj`fs, @jhl`jfs Lfturfchs, rhspelmhr `uhstjelfrjes ht`. FKHLMFT, sh rhkjstrf cfs f`tjvjmfmhs quh sh rhfcjzfl hl hc `ufmhrle mh `cfshs, per hx`ursjelhs, tfrhs mh `jhl`jfs, hste sh edshrvf `el ofyer irh`uhl`jf f pfrtjr mh cf mê`fmf mhc ¨;>. Hs f pfrtjr mh hstf hstru`turf`jðl mhc `ufmhrle mh `cfsh quh sh `eojhlzf f edshrvfr hc mjs`urse hs`ecfr .
Ph mhdh thlhr hl `uhltf cf `elierof`jðl mh ces hlul`jfmes hl cfs f`tjvjmfmhs prhshlths hl hcquh `ufmhrle le sh `errhspelmh `el ce pcfsofme `urrj`ucfrohlth, ce quh sh pcfsof hl hc `ufmhrle hs hc sfdhr ephrf`jelfc, hs hc oeme hl quh sh trfdfgf `el hc oulme sjodðcj`e. Th`ermhoes quh7 @XFMHTLE MH @CFPH 6¾ Hgh premu`tjvjmf premu`tjvjmfmm Mjs`jpcjlf @urrj`ucfr
4¾ Hgh F`tjvjmfmhs F`tjvjmfmhs
0¾ Hgh
Hc hgh tjhlh quh vhrhc`el cf mjlæoj`f mh cf ch `ufc cfs mjs`jpcjlfs sh jlshrtfl hlthr`hr hc mjs`urse hs`ecfr, `ufmhrle mh `cfsh phrojth fmojljstrfr hstes mjs`urses mjs`jpcjlfrhs.
HR^CJ@F@JÐL, LETOF Z X]E^ÏF HL CFP @JHL@JFP MH CF HMX@F@JÐL. Gesê Kjohle Pf`rjstæl HMX@F@JÐL TH^TEMX@]ETF Hc edghte mh hstumje mh cf @jhl`jf mh cf Hmu`f`jðl Hs ul edghte rhpremu`jme per hccf ojsof. hstumje
JLLEYFMETF Ph bfdcf hl hsth `fse mh ulf @jhl`jf hxpflsjvf. ^eshh ul edghte mh fdjhrte, mh oeme quh hs ulf `jhl`jf prevjserjf, jl`el`cusf.
Cf @jhl`jf mh cf Hmu`f`jðl sh `elierof f pfrtjr mh trhs `eopelhlths quh sel7
Leroftjvf, jlthltf dus`fr ulf th`lecekïf leroftjvf. Xtep Xt epïf ïf,, sj sjhl hlme me hxpf hxpfls lsjv jvf, f, sh prep prepel elhh fuoh fuohlt ltfr fr ce cess cïcïoj ojth thss mh cf `fpf`jmfm buoflf Hxpcj`f`jðl, phrsjkuh hxpcj`fr hc edghte mh hstumje. y mh cf `ucturf.
µVuê hs ce quh phrsjkuh cf @jhl`jf mh cf Hmu`f`jðl5 Jlthltf hxpcj`fr cf rhfcjmfm, hc edghte mh hstumje, e shf cf hmu`f`jðl. Purkhl fsï cfs therïfs mh tjpe ihleohlecðkj`fs, khlêtj`fs, jlthrprhtftjvfs, ht`. HR^CJ@F]JYF7 Hc edghte mh hstumje sh vf `elijkurflme f ohmjmf quh sh fvflzf hl cf jlvhstjkf`jðl. Mhdhoes thlhr `el`jhl`jf quh hc edghte hs prhhxjsthlth, rhpremu`jdch y hl ierof`jðl. LETOF]JYF. Le teof cf rhfcjmfm `eoe cf ÷lj`f pesjdch, le sh mhdh thlhr hl `uhltf sece hc fsph`te mh rhpremu``jðl, bfy quh thlhr hl `uhltf quh hc edghte hstf hl ierof`jðl gulte `el cf jlvhstjkf`jðl. X]Ð^J@E7 X]Ð^J @E7 ]jhlh rhcf`jðl `el ce flthr flthrjer, jer, `el cf pesjdjcjmfm pesjdjcjmfm mh trfdfgfr trfdfgfr `el ul edghte mh hstumje hl ierof`jðl, `rhftjve, quh phrojth cf fphrturf, le hs fcke `el`cujme, sjl hxph`tftjvfs.
CF IXL@JÐL MH CF HLPHÖFLWF Mhvfc –Cjdre `rh`hr y ^hlsfr‟ CF H]F^F MH JLOFMXTHW Hc hstfm stfmee mh jlofm lofmuurh rhzz `e `ell quh quh lf` f`hh hc sh shrr buofl uoflee le sece sece hx hxjk jkh h `elsjmhrfdchs `ujmfmes per ou`be tjhope, sjle quh fmhoæs rhqujhrh quh sh ch hlshöh. Cf `ucturf hs trflsojtjmf murflth cf htfpf mh mhsfrrecce, mhphlmh mh cf `ucturf f cf quh phrthlh`h hc sughte, shræ `elsjmhrfme ul fmucte e ljöe. @uflte oæs `eopchgf shf cf `ucturf mh phrthlhl`jf ofyer shræ hc tjhope quh rhqujhrf pfrf fprhlmhr , mh oflhrf tfc quh hc sughte phroflh`h oæs tjhope fprhlmjhlme. Hc pre`hse mh se`jfcjzf`jðl7 Hc mhsfrrecce buofle le hs `el`hdjdch sjl cf hxjsthl`jf mh ulf se`jhmfm. Cf se`jfcjzf`jðl prjofrjf e`urrh murflth cf jlifl`jf, y hc sughte le puhmh rhsjstjrsh f hccf hs jlhvjtfdch, per hc bh`be mh shr ul shr mhphlmjhlth., pesthrjerohlth rh`jdh etre tjpe mh se`jfcjzf`jðl f cfs quh sj puhmh rhsjstjrsh, cf hmu`f`jðl. HMX@F@JÐL7 Hs cf trflsojsjðl mh cfy `ucturf per cfs khlhrf`jelhs bf`jf gðvhlhs, (Murabhjo) cf mhleojle se`j se `jfc fcjz jzf` f`jð jðl lfmuctfs ohtð ohtðmj mj`f `f ces mhoæs cf khlhrf`jðl gevhl Cf hmu`f`jðl hs `elshrvfmerf, `eltrjduyh f oflthlhr hc ermhl se`jfc. Ce oæs ccfoftjve hs `eoe f phsfr mh cf hmu`f`jðl quh sh e`upf mh trflsojtjr mh fmuctes f gðvhlhs `ele`jojhltes. Z `el cf jlthl`jðl mh `elshrvfr, mh rhpremu`jr, sjl oemjij`fr, e oemjij`flme ce ohles pesjdch, oflthljhlme hc ermhl, `eoe hs pesjdch quh cfs se`jhmfmhs `fodjhl555 Ph pj pjhl hlsf sfll quh quh cf cfss se se`j `jhm hmfm fmhs hs E``j E``jmh mhlt ltfc fchs hs,, hc prek prekrh rhse se h` h`el elðo ðoj` j`e, e, th`lecðkj`e `jhltïij`e shf cf `fusf quh fih`tf f cf iul`jðl mh ch hmu`f`jðl. Le sh mhdh ecvjmfr quh cf trflsojsjðl `ucturfc per ohmje mh cf hs`uhcf tjhlh cf iul`jðl mh `elshrvfr hc ermhl hxjsthlth. CF IXL@JÐL MH CF HP@XHCF7 @uflme ulf se`jhmfm f`uoucf `ele`jojhlte y premu`h iul`jelhs mh oflhrf su`h su`hsj sjvf vf,, sh bf bf`h `h lh lh`h `hsf sfrj rjee ulf ulf tr trfl flso sojs jsjð jðll sj sjst stho hoft ftjz jzfm fmff mh mj mj`b `bes es `ele`jojhltes, fsï surkh cf hs`uhcf. Hl hc sjkce RJR cf hlshöflzf sh jopelïf `eoe krftujtf y edcjkfterjf, phre shræ hc Pjkce RR hc quh vuhcvf h`uoêlj`f tfc iul`jðl. Cf hvecu`jðl mh cf hs`uhcf7 Iuhr Iu hrel el ces ces bj bjtes tes oæs oæs jope jopert rtfl flth thss ce cess quh quh mhth mhthro rojl jlfr frel el cf lh`h lh`hsj sjmf mfmm mh jopcfltfr cf hs`uhcf, bf`jhlme ulf cïlhf bjstðrj`f pemrïfoes `jtfr `eoe pulte mh pfrtjmf f cf Thvecu`jðl Irfl`hsf (hl hc fsph`te se`jfc pecïtj`e) cf Thvecu`jðl Jlmustrjfc Jlmus trjfc (hl ce premu`tjve premu`tjve - h`elðoj`e) h`elðoj`e) hs edvje quh hc oeohlte `eyulturfc `eyulturfc prepj`jfrel cfs `esfs pfrf quh sh jopusjhrf cf hlshöflzf sjsthoftjzfmf.
Hc irf`fse hs`ecfr7 Xlf mh cfs bjpðthsjs pfrf hxpcj`fr hsth ihlðohle hs quh cf hs`uhcf bey tjhlh `eoe `eoe edgh edghtjtjve ve cf edhm edhmjh jhl` l`jf jf f cf fute futerj rjmf mfmm y yf le cf trfl trflso sojs jsjð jðll mh `ele`jojhltes, sj hsth hs su ijl cf hs`uhcf `uopch `el su `eohtjme, yf le trflsojth `ele`jojhltes. ^er etre cfme hc irf`fse le rfmj`f hl quh sece fckules fcuoles fc`fl`hl cf throjlfcjmfm mh cf hs`uhcf, sjle oæs djhl quh sece ules pe`es puhmhl rhsecvhr predchofs cf ofyerïf rhpjth ieroucfs. Hs`uhcf y `cfshs se`jfchs7 Le bfy quh ecvjmf ecvjmfrr qu quhh cf hs`uhcf lf`h pfrf erkfljzfr y phrphtufr hc ermhl se`jfc y oflthlhr cf mjvjsjðl mh `cfshs, pfrf quh hc ermhl se`jfc le sh oemjijquh. Cf iul`jðl iul`jðl `elshrvfmerf mh cf hs`uhcf Cf prhsul`jðl mh `fodje y prekrhse hs mh erjkhl ou`be oæs rh`jhlth y pfrth mh cfs `cfshs meojlfmfs, le mh qujhl tjhlh hc pemhr. Cf oemjij`f`jðl mh cf hs`uhcf7 Hxjs Hx jsth th ul oevj oevjoj ojhl hlte te quh quh prep prepel elhh cf supr suprhs hsjð jðll mh cf hs hs`u `uhc hcf, f, e sh shff cf mh mhsh shs` s`ec ecfr frjz jzf` f`jð l, qu quh h fper fpertð tð mhou`b ou `bfs fsoevjojhlte `r `rïtïtj` j`fs fs,, phre ph pe`f pe`fss secu semh cu`j `jel hs e fcthrlftjvfs, cejðl, oæs jopertflth hsth hs re cf mhlul`jf cfelhs f`tufc sjtuf`jðl.
@ELE@JOJHL]E HP@ECFT Z @ELE@JOJHL]E HP@ECFTJWFME. Mutz`bfsay y Yfrhcf Iul`jelhs hsph`ïij`fs mh cf hs`uhcf7 µ@ðoe sh mjstrjduyh hc sfdhr5 Xlf se`jhmfm lh`hsjtf trflsojtjr ces `ele`jojhltes væcjmes pfrf cf ojsof, cf hs`u hs `uhc hcff hs hcquh mj mjsp spes esjtjtjv jvee f`cfrfr jm jmhf hfc,c, su iul` iul`jð jðll ce hs quh hs hsph ph`ï `f hl`ele`jojhltes ce cess fsph fsph`t `tes es phmfkðkj`es phrojth y `cfrjij`fr sh`ïijij`f ccfof se`jfcohlth sjkljij`ftjves y sh cchvfl f `fde hl hc fucf. Pjhlme cf hs`uhcf cf hl`frkfmf mh rhcf`jelfr hc `ele`jojhlte mhc oulme se`jfc `el hc `ele`jojhlte hs`ecfr.
IXHL]HP MHC @]E HP@ECFT
HC PHL]JME PHL]JME @EO×L @JHL]ÏIJ@E
@ELE@JOJHL] @ELE@JOJHL]E E
@ele`jojhlte le thðrj`e (Dhrkhr y Cu`aofl). Ph Edshrvf
Hl cf vjmf `etjmjflf sh hl`uhltrf cf th`lecekïf, pfrf
hl cfstjelf vjmf `uhstj `uh elf,, `etjmjflf, pfrth pfrth mh lecf shhxphrj hxphrjhl` hl`jf jf jlthl`jelfmes. prepjf, tjhlh iuhrzf mh hvjmhl`jf, therïfs peshh sjkljij`f`jelhs mjstjltfs perquh hc sughte sughte ce vjvh hl ierof jlmjvjmufc jlmjvjmufc.. `el Cf hs`uhcf mhdh trflsojtjr `ele`jojhltes frtj`ucfmes `el ces sjkljij`fmes `elthxtufchs. Ces luhves `ele`jojhltes mhdhl fuohltfr cf `fpf`jmfm mh `uhstjelfr f`hr`f mh cf phr`hp`jðl mhc oulme.
su fmqujsj`jðl mh rhqujhrh pre`hs pre`hses es hsph`ï hsph`ïij` ij`es es h ^frf Pf`rjstæl hs –Xl `elgulte mh væcjmfs rhsph`te mh ul sh`ter mh cf rhfcjmfm, rhfcjmfm, `el sus oêtemes prepjes, prepjes, `fræ`thr prekrhsjve hl phroflhlth `elstru``jðl y seohtjme f `eltjlufs vhrjij`f`jelhs hopïrj`fs‟
Hc edg edghtj htjve ve mh cf hs`uhc hs`uhcff `eoe `eoe trflso trflsojse jserf rf mh `ele`j `ele`jojh ojhlte ltess se`jfc se`jfcohl ohlth th væcjmes le quhmf fc ofrkhl mh ces `fodjes quh suirh hc `ele`jojhlte `jhltïij`e y quh puhmf vjl`ucfr mj`be `ele`jojhlte `el hc oeohlte bjstðrj`e hl hc quh hc ojsoe sh udj`f. ^er ce tflte ulf iul`jðl mh cf hs`uhcf hs shch``jelfr ul `elgulte mh sfdhrhs `jhltïij`es, quh rhsucth oæs f`tufcjzfme, væcjme y lh`hsfrje pfrf cf præ`tj`f se`jfc. Mj`be `ele`jojhlte hs fdermfme mhsmh hc shltjme `eo÷l, mhsmh cf sjtuf`jðl pfrtj`ucfr hl `fmf krupe se`jfc. Hc `u `urr rrï` ï`uc ucee mhdh mhdh mhij mhijlj ljrr quê quê `e `ele le`j `joj ojhl hltes tes.. ^u ^uhm hmhl hl `els `elsjm jmhr hrfr frsh sh mhsm mhsmh h `rjthrjes (vfcer præ`tj`e, rhchvfl`jf hl cf vjmf `etjmjflf ht`.) etre pulte pfrf thlhr hl `uhltf pfrf vfcjmfr ul `ele`jojhlte mhltre mh cf `urrï`ucf shræ quh hc
`ele`jojhlte mhdh shr `fodjflth phre hl hc shltjme mjfcê`tj`e y cf ojsof puhmh shr fdermfmf mhsmh7 ]her ïf - ^rfxjs ]herïf ^rf xjs7 7 Hc `ele`jojhlte sh fpeyf hl cf rhfcjmfm quh jlthltf hxpcj`fr per ohmje mh cf therïf, hstf therïf ephrf sedrh cf rhfcjmfm y cf oemjij`f. Khlhrf c - pfrtj Khlhrfc pfrtj`ucfr `ucfr7 7 ]eme `ele`jojhlte tjhlmh f khlhrfcjzfrsh, tjhl tjhlhh f hxpcj`fr sjtuf`jelhs mjstjltfs y tjhlh shltjme hl `fmf `elthxte. Jlmjvj mufc - se Jlmjvjmufc se`jfc `jfc7 7 Ph rhijhr rhijhrhh fc `elgul `elgulte te mh sfdhrh sfdhrhss se`jfc se`jfcohl ohlth th `elstr `elstrujm ujmes es y ces ljvhch ljvhchs s jlmjvjmufchs mh fprepjf`jðl, rh`rhf`jðl y hlrjquh`jojhlte. Hc `ele`jojhlte hs`ecfr hl su rhfcjmfm `etjmjflf7 Hc `ele`j `ele`jojh ojhlte lte hs`ecf hs`ecfrr fsuoh fsuoh hl cf hs` hs`uhc uhcff mjstjl mjstjltfs tfs `frf`t `frf`thrï hrïstj stj`fs `fs,, ces sfdh sfdhrh rhss hs`e hs`ecf cfrh rhss se sell prhs prhshl hltf tfme mess `e `eoe oe vhrmf vhrmfmh mhre res, s, khlh khlhrf rflm lmee `j `jhr hrtf tf futerjmfm y mhijljhlme ce quh hs hc `ele`jojhlte. Hc oulme le jlthrf`t÷f `el hc `ele`jojhlte sjle quh sh jl`cuyh hl cf rhfcjmfm fdsecutf, cf f`hptf, le cf `uhstjelf. Xl hghopce hs cf ch`te - hs`rjturf, sj sh chs prhkultf f ces ljöes pfrf quh sjrvh, rhspelmhl pfrf pfsfr mh krfme, ce quh ïlmj`f quh cf phr`hp`jðl mh ces ljöes hl `uflte f ces fghs le tjhlh quh vhr `el hc ijl mhc fgh, cf iul`jðl se`jfc quh `uopc `uopch, h, `e `ell cf rhch rhchvf vfl` l`jf jf,, se sece ce rhoj rhojth th f cf iu iul` l`jð jðll u ephr ephrf` f`jð jðll hs hs`e `ecf cfr, r, lerrof le oftj tjvf vf,, mh oeme oeme quh quh hc `e `ele le`j `joj ojhl hlte te hs`e hs`ecfr cfr pjhrm pjhrmhh su vfce vfcerr y sjkljij`f`jðl, quhmflme rhstrjlkjme f ce leroftjve, `ufmhrles, `cfsh, oflufc, sh fchgf tflte mh cf vjmf `etjmjflf y mhc shltjme `eo÷l mh jkufc oflh flhrf quh hc `ele le``jojh jojhl lte `jh jhlt ltïïij`e, per ce quh hc `ele`jojhlte f`fmêoj`e e hs`ecfr sh `elvjhrth hl edstæ`uce. Mh oflhrf quh hc `ele`jojhlte hs`ecfr mhcjojtf, rh`ertf ce `ekles`jdch f pfrtjr mh cf hxphrjhl`jf hs`ecfr, hc ljöe le jlthrf`t÷f `el hc ojsoe, ce rh`jdh `eoe ulf rhfcjmfm fdsecutf, hste hs jlfoevjdch. @ele`hr cf rhfcjmfm `eoe fcke fdsecute sjl pemhr mhvhcfr. CF @ELP]TX@@JÐL MHC @ELE@JOJHL]E HP@ECFT CÐKJ@F MHC @EL]HLJME CÐKJ@F @EL]HLJME JL]HTF@@JÐL
Fcte ¾ mh ierofcjzf`jðl Fcuole Th`erth Th`e rth pfr`jfc pfr`jfc mh cf rhfcjmfm rhfcjmfm hxpcï`jte Thmu`h Thmu `h ces pre`hses pre`hses f bh`bes bh`bes y mftes oflhrf
CÐKJ@F CÐKJ@F MH CF Thcf`jðl hltrh Me`hlth y Ces mjs`urses mjs`urses jopcï`jte jopcï`jte y Hc sughte sughte sh pesj`jelf pesj`jelf mh
Pel vhrsjelhs uljcfthrfchs y meojlfl Pel mftes fthoperfchs h bjstðrj`es.
hxthrjer fc `ele`jojhlte. Hc sughte hstæ sudermjlfme fc `ele`jojhlte.
Cf cðkj`f mh cf jlthrf``jðl sh edshrvf hl mjihrhlths rfskes quh sel ces rjtes hs`ecfrhs, `eoe sh ouhvhl ces Fcuoles, cfs prhkultfs mhc Me`hlth , cf jlthrrekf`jðl, cfs ch``jelhs, hc mj`tfme, ces sfcumes. Fodfs mhvhcfl cf `el`hp`jðl mhc mh `ele`jojhlte mhltre mhmhc cf hs`uhcf,cðkj`fs `eoe `ele`jojhlte edghtjvfme f`hr`f fc ofrkhl cf hcfderf`jðl prepjf sughte hl cf `elstru``jðl mhc `ele`jojhlte, `eoe yf mjgjoes hc ojsoe sh eirh`h mh oflhrf f`fdfmf, fdsecutf h jl`uhstjelfdch, phre mhdh shr jl`erperfme, pfrf fckules futerhs cf hs`uhcf `uopch `el hsth pfphc.
^TÆ@]J@F MH CF HLPHÖFLWF Gf`asel, ^. –F@HT@F MHC PFDHThpjstêoj`es HLPHÖFT‟ pfrf cf hlshöflzf sel hc oêteme y hc `elthljme Ces rhquhrjojhltes mjmæ`tj`e. µquê lh`hsjtf sfdhr ul me`hlth pfrf sfdhr hlshöfr5 ]emes ces me`hlths tjhlhl fck÷l oêteme mh hlshöflzf, fmhoæs mh `ele`hr cf pre`hmhl`jf mh hsh `ele`jojhlte. Hsth futer jlstfcf ul mhdfth hltrh mes krflmhs pesturfs. 6. ^er ul cfme cf `errjhlth quh sestjhlh quh hs lh`hsfrje cf `fpf`jtf`jðl per pfrth mh ces Me`hlths y mhshstjofl hc shltjme `eo÷l 4. Etrf pesturf mf phse fc shltjme `eo÷l y fijrof quh cf `fpf`jtf`jðl sjl shltjme `eo÷l le bf`h pesjdch cf hlshöflzf. 0. Hl teme pre`hse mh hlshöflzf hxjsthl ces sjkujhlths supuhstes7
Cf prhsul`jðl prhsul`jðl mh mh jklerfl`jf ul p÷dcj`e (fcuoles hlshöfr) Cf (fckujhl lef qujhl sfdh fcke y etre sj) Cf prhsul prhsul`jð `jðll mh jmh jmhltj ltjmfm mfm `eopfr `eopfrtjm tjmff (per (per hg. Cf chlkuf chlkuf `eoe `ðmjke mh `eoulj`f`jðl)
Hsth ÷ctjoe pulte le sjhoprh hs ifverh`hmer, puhs hstæ `cfre quh le hs vhrmfm quh sjhoprh hxjsth ulf jmhltjmfm `eopfrtjmf hltrh Fcuole y Me`hlth (^er hghopce, cf mjihrhl`jf mh `cfshs se`jfchs, cfs mjihrhlths jmhecekïfs, hmfmhs, ht`.) Etre pulte jopertflth mhc mhdfth sh `hltrf hl sj ces Me`hlths mhdhl `hltrfrsh murflth hc pre`hse mh hlshöflzf - fprhlmjzfgh hl ces Fcuoles e sj ce mhdhl bf`hr hl cf ofthrjf f hlshöfr. Cfs `el`cusj `el`cusjelh elhss oæs jopertfl jopertflths ths hs quh hc Me`hlt Me`hlthh mhdh mhdh peshhr peshhr shltjme `eo÷l, duhl shltjme, `ele`jojhltes hpjstêoj`es mh cf ofthrjfs quh hltjhlmh hlshöfr, y erkfljzfrsh hl cf ohger oflhrf pfrf pemhr hghr`hr cf me`hl`jf. Mh hstf oflhrf hc mhdfth quhmf fdjhrte.
CF YJMF HL CFP FXCFP ^. Gf`asel –CFP ^TÆ@]J@F THICHRJYF Z CF @EO^THLPJÐL MH CE VXH E@XTTH HL CFP FXCFP‟ ^frf hstfr futerjzfme pfrf bfdcfr f`hr`f mh cf hlshöflzf - fprhlmjzfgh hs lh`hsfrje sfdhr quh hs ce quh pfsf hl cf vjmf `etjmjflf mh cfs fucfs. Murflth ou`be tjhope cfs jlvhstjkf`jelhs cchvfmfs f `fde per ces `jhltïij`es pesjtjvjstfs, sh prhe`upfdfl prhe`upfdfl per `elsjmhrfr `elsjmhrfr f ces ihlðohles hmu`ftjves hmu`ftjves `eoe lfturfchs, lfturfchs, h jlthltfdfl hxpcj`frces per ohmje mh chyhs. F hstf `errjhlth jlvhstjkfmerf sh ch epel ep elhh cf ther therïf ïf `r `rït ïtj` j`f, f, quh quh `e `el` l`jd jdhh f cf rh rhfc fcjm jmfm fm `eoe `eoe ul ulff `e `elt ltjl jluf uf `elstru``jðl. Fberf djhl, ce quh fpfrh`h hl cfs fucfs sel mes tjpes mh phlsfojhltes `eltrfpuhstes7 6. ^hlsfojhlt ^hlsfojhltee ^ræ`tj`e7 ^ræ`tj`e7 `eoe oeme oeme mh bf`hr bf`hr hl cf hmu`f` hmu`f`jðl jðl (hstæ (hstæ oæs guj`je phrselfchs) 4. rhcf`jelfme ^hlsfojhlt ^hlsfojhltee`el ]ê`lj`e7 ]ê`lj` e7 mh Cfsvfcerhs f`tjvjmfmh f`tjvjmfmhs s sece tjhlhl tjhlhl hl `uhltf `uhltf ces ohmjes ohmjes tê`lj`es oæs hij`f`hs pfrf `elshkujr ces ijlhs quh sh `uhstjelfl. Hs edvje quh mhdhræ bf`hrsh ofyer bjl`fpjê hl hc phlsfojhlte præ`tj`e `el f`hlte rhichxjve, Mhwhy bfdcf mh f``jelhs rutjlfrjfs y mh f``jelhs rhichxjvfs. F``jelhs rutjlfrjfs7 F``jelhs quh hstæl mhthrojlfmfs per cf trfmj`jðl, le sh `uhstjelfl sel vhrmfmhrfs, mhijlj`jelhs eij`jfchs. F``jelhs rhichxjvfs7 F`æ bfy ulf f``jðl mh hxfohl f`tjve phrsjsthlth y `ujmfmese mh teme `ele`jojhlte per pfrth mhc sughte. ]eme tjpe mh flæcjsjs shrje quh sh bfkf f`hr`f mh cf vjmf hs`ecfr le puhmh quhmfr cjojtfme f cfs irelthrfs mhc hmjij`e hs`ecfr, sjle per hc `eltrfrje mhdh trfs`hlmhr, `elsjmhrfr hc `elthxte h`elðoj`e, se`jfc pecïtj`e y `ucturfc pfrf pemhr fprh`jfr mh oflhrf oæs fdfr`ftjvf ulf rhfcjmfm suofohlth `eopchgf. Hc `eopertfojhlte mh ces Me`hlths tjhlh sus gustjij`ftjves, hs per hcce quh hl khlhrfc hc `ele`jojhlte quh peshhl y utjcjzfl ces Me`hlths sh `frf`thrjzf per7 6. Hc `elthl `elthljme jme hstæ hstæ erkfljzfme erkfljzfme hl hstru` hstru`turfs turfs 4. hc `ele`jo `ele`jojhl jhlte te sh mhsfr mhsfrrec reccf cf f trfvês trfvês mh cf hxphr hxphrjhl jhl`jf `jf mh hlsfye hlsfye y hrrer 0. Cfs hstru`t hstru`turf urfss mh `ele`j `ele`jojh ojhlte lte mh ces Me`hlth Me`hlthss `eltjh `eltjhlhl lhl `el`hpt `el`hptes es pretetïpj`es quh if`jcjtfl if`jcjtfl cf jmhltjij`f`jðl mh sjtuf`jelhs tïpj`fs =. Cfs hstr hstru`t u`turf urfss sel rrutj utjlfr lfrjfs jfs.. 8. Ces Ces Me`h Me`hlt lths hs peshh peshhll bfdj bfdjcjcjmfm mfmhs hs quh quh ch chss phro phrojtjthl hl fmfp fmfptf tfrs rshh f cf cfs s rutjlfs e f sjtuf`jelhs luhvfs.
9. Ces hsquhof hsquhofss mh ces Me`hlths Me`hlths `eltjhl `eltjhlhl hl fsph`tes fsph`tes mhc `ele`joj `ele`jojhlt hlte e hsph`jfcjzfme (`urrj`ucfr) ;. Ces hsquhofs hsquhofs sh sh mhsfrreccf mhsfrreccfll mhltre mh ul ul `elthxte `elthxte mh `ele`jojh `ele`jojhltes ltes y `rhhl`jfs rhcf`jelfmfs `el cf hlshöflzf. 2. Ces Ces hs hsqu quho hofs fs puhm puhmhl hl `e `elt lthl hlhr hr prhp prhpes esj` j`je jelh lhss joph jophrf rftjtjvf vfss quh quh sh fse`jfl `el `rhhl`jfs y fih`tes. :. Ces Ces hsqu squhofs hofs le se sell sj sjhhopr oprh `e `eop oprrhls hlsjv jves es e cðkj` ðkj`es es y mhdh mhdhl l ou`beojhlte pfrf rhfcjzfr su ftfrhf. 6>. sjopcjij`fr 6>.^frth ^frth mhc `ele`jojhlte `ele`j quh cchvf `fde hc Me`hlth Me`hlth hs tæ`jte y mjiï`jc mh vhrdfcjzfr. Hsth ÷ctjoe pulte mhc `ele`jojhlte tæ`jte mhc Me`hlth hs lh`hsfrje hxpcj`frce, puhs hcce les mhvhcf ce quh e`urrh e `urrh mhltre mhc fucf. µVuê qujhrh mh`jr `ele`jojhlte tæ`jte mhc Me`hlth5 Pel ces `elstru`tes, `rhhl`jfs, prjl`jpjes sedrh ces `ufchs sh fpeyfl y f`t÷fl hstes trfdfgfmerhs y mh`jmhl mh f`uhrme f hstes `ele`jojhltes. Hsth `ele`jojhlte tæ`jte (Pupuhstes dæsj`es sudyf`hlths) `elmj`jelf cf tfrhf mhc Me`hlth. Cfs jlvhstjkf`jelhs quh sh bfl bh`be sedrh cf tfrhf hl hc fucf bfl sjme hl hc ermhl psj`ecðkj`e, vhr `eoe y `eoe preihserhs, phrmjhlme mh vjstf cf kcedfcjmfm mh ce pjhlsfl quh e`urrh fccï, f`t÷fl mjrjkjr cfcesjlvhstjkf`jðl f bh`bes pfrtj`ucfrhs le bf phrojtjme hc `uhstjelfojhlte f etrfs vfrjfdchs quh fih`tfl fc `ech`tjve hl khlhrfc. Hs Hsth th fute terr sh sj sjrv rvhh mh oh ohte teme meccek ekïf ïfss oæs oæs `u `uffcjcjtf tftj tjvf vfss quh quh phr phrojth ojthl l hxpcj`f`jelhs oæs hxbfustjvfs mhc f``jelfr mhltre mhc `elthxte hs`ecfr. Hste Hste phro phrojtjtjð jð edsh edshrv rvfr fr qu quhh hs lh`h lh`hsf sfrj rjee rh rhsec secvh vhrr cf cf cfde derr M hl ohge ohgerh rhs s `elmj`jelhs hl `uflte f cf `fthkerïf mh trfdfgfmer mhc sh`ter mh cf hmu`f`jðl, yf quh sh hl`uhltrfl `el krfl mjs`elierojmfm , ce quh preve`fl jlihrhl`jfs hl cf cfder `etjmjflf mhthrjerælmecf. Gf Gf`a `ase sell phro phrojtjthh `e `ell su jl jlvh vhst stjk jkf` f`jð jðll edshr edshrvf vfrr ce quh quh e`ur e`urrh rh mhlt mhltre re mhc mhc `elthxte, cfs f``jelhs quh fccï sh su`hmhl sel oevjojhltes oev jojhltes quh ces mhleojlf7
Ouctjmjohlsjelfc7 Hs ul cukfr hsph`ïij`e melmh sh cchvfl f `fde f`elth`jojhltes y cf rhfcjzf`jðl mh mjstjltfs tfrhfs.
Pjouctflhjmfm7 Pu`hmhl ou`bfs `esfs fc ojsoe tjhope y sel jlicujmfs ulfs per cfs etrfs.
Jlohmjfthz7 Hxjsth ul rjtoe ræpjme mhltre mhc fucf. Ph hstjof quh hxjsth ulf ohmjf mh 8>> jlthr`fodjes f ljvhc jlmjvjmufc hltrh hc Me`hlth y hc Fcuole per mïf.
Joprhvjsjdjcjmfm7 Mhltre mhc fucf e`urrhl bh`bes prhvjsjdchs, `eoe tfodjêl le prhvjstes, jrrup`jelhs, jl`elvhljhlths hl khlhrfc. ^udcj`jmfm7 Cfs `cfshs sel cukfrhs p÷dcj`es y hs prhshl`jfme per vfrjfs phrselfs f cf vhz.
Bj Bjst ster erjf jf77 Cfs Cfs `c `cfs fshs hs tjtjhl hlhl hl ul phrï phrïeme eme mh murf murf`j `jðl ðl,, qu quhh sh `elvjhrth hl shoflfs, ohshs, föes mh oeme quh sh premu`h f`uoucf`jðl mh `ele`jojhltes, quh preper`jelfl cfs dfshs pfrf ces iutures fprhlmjzfghs.
Hstfs `uhstjelhs quh e`urrhl mhltre mhc fucf khlhrfl thlsjelhs y teofs mh mh`jsjelhs per pfrth mhc Me`hlth. Fsï sh edshrvf quh cfhlrhichxjðl sjtuf`jelhs mh -joprevjsf`jðl pfrth mhc‐ sedrh Me`hlth‐ cf hc ojsoe f`t÷f mhsmh ‐ hl f``jðl y mh cfper rhichxjðl - f``jðl. Fodes f``jðl. Fodes tjpes mh rhichxjelhs ttjhlhl jhlhl hl `uhltf cf præ`tj`f hl hc ofr`e mhc predchof y cf oflhrf mh secu`jelfrce, y cfs jlvhstjkf`jelhs erjhltfmfs `el hc edghtjve mh hl`eltrfr flth `fmf sjtuf`jðl cf ohger secu`jðl. Hl ou ou`b `bfs fs e` e`fs fsje jelh lhss cf præ` præ`tjtj`f `f Me`h Me`hlt lthh hs `els `elsjm jmhr hrfm fmff le joper jopertf tflt lth, h, oh`ælj`f y oelðtelf y le sh jlthr`fodjfl hxphrjhl`jfs hltrh `echkfs y sh pjhlsf hl ulf shpfrf`jðl hltrh therïf y præ`tj`f jlirfvfcerflme cf præ`tj`f hl rhcf`jðl `el cf therïf, ghrfrqujzflme hltrh qujhlhs `ele`hl y ohlesprh`jfl f qujhlhs bf`hl y hste cchvf f `elicj`tes y vhr7 6. Cf therïf therïf `eoe ulf fohl fohlfz fzf7 f7 Hc `uhr `uhrpe pe Me`h Me`hlt lthh vj vjvh vhl` l`jf jf f cf therïf therïf `eoe ulf fohlfzf, `elsjmhrflme quh cf therïf hs premu`jmf per krupes hsph`jfcjstfs hxthrjer cffc therïf, oulmehxjsth hs`ecfr quh lfmf`el `eoprhlmhl vjmf æucj`f, shy ojstjij`f ulfy mjstfl`jf cf præ`tj`f.mh cf 4. Fuohlte Fuohlte mh cf fohlfz fohlfzf7 f7 sj cf jliero jlierof`jðl f`jðl mhc mhc `ele`jojhl `ele`jojhlte te edthljme edthljme hs khlhrfcjzfme hl temfs cfs sjtuf`jelhs, e shf sj cf jlierof`jðl mh cfs jlvhstjkf`jelhs cchvfl f `el`cusjelhs khlhrfcjzfmerfs, bf`hl phlsfr f cf præ`tj`f Me`hlth `eoe ulf rutjlf jkufc hl `fmf sjtuf`jðl, sh jlirfvfcerf cf præ`tj`f. 0. Hc thoer fuohlt fuohltff `ufl `uflme. me. Cfs jlvhstj jlvhstjkf`je kf`jelhs lhs hopc hopchfl hfl oemhces oemhces thðrj`es thðrj`es quhh sel qu sel fg fghl hles es f ce cess `e `elt lthx hxte tess hstu hstumj mjfm fmes es,, hl Foêr Foêrj` j`ff Cftj Cftjlf lf hl `eopfrf`jðl `eopfr f`jðl `el Hurepf, hs `eoe prhthlmhr fpcj` fpcj`fr fr ulf therïf jmhfc hl cf præ`tj`f mjfrjf h jklerfr cfs mjihrhl`jfs. Mh hsth oeme hc Me`hlth sh sjhlth quh hsh oemhce ce fchgf `el ce quh e`urrh hl hc fucf. F cf cuz mh cfs jlvhstjkf`jelhs sh edshrvf quh hxjsth ulf `jhrtf rhsjsthl`jf flth ces oemhces thðrj`es per pfrth mhc phrselfc Me`hlth, mh jkufc oflhrf hxjsth ulf pfrth mh ces Me`hlths quh sel ijhchs f hsth tjpe mh oemhces, hs fsï quh sh edshrv eds hrvff ulf `jh `jhrtf rtf rf`j rf`jelfc elfcjmfm jmfm tê`lj` tê`lj`ff khlhrfcohlth udj`fmf hl puhstes kudh ku dhrl rlfo fohl hltf tfch chss fmoj fmojlj ljst strf rftjtjve vess y dure dure`r `ræt ætj` j`es es,, hx hxjs jsth thll ulf ulf `j `jhr hrtf tf ghrfrqujzf`jðl. ]fodjêl sh edshrvf etres tjpes mh præ`tj`f melmh jlthrf`t÷hl ces oemhces præ`tj`es `el ces thðrj`es, suphrflme hc jlmjvjmufcjsoe hl pes mh cf hmu`f`jðl y mh su ohgerfojhlte, f`æ bfy ulf `elgul`jðl mh ces oemhces hl melmh temes sfchl ifverh`jmes. Hsth tjpe mh oevjojhlte phmfkðkj`e bf`h rhihrhl`jf f cf jlvhstjkf`jðl-f``jðl qu quhh prep prepjj`j `jff hc tr trfd fdfg fgee hl hqu hqujpe jpe y khlh khlhrrf ul preihserfme-jlvhstjkfmer. Hltjêlmfsh Hltjêlmfsh per preihserfme fc `ech`tjve me`hlth. Cfs `el`cusjelhs quh cchvfl f `fde hsth tjpe mh jlvhstjkf`jelhs sel7 cf lh`hsjmfm mh oemjij`fr ces `urrï`uces mhc preihserfme pfrf prhpfrfr mh oflhrf oæs fmh`ufmf fc `ech`tjve
Vuh hc `ech`tjve Me`hlth f`t÷h oæs per cf jltuj`jðl quh per cf præ`tj`f rhichxjvf, cf jlohmjfthz `el cf `ufc sh su`hmhl cfs jlthrf``jelhs le chs phrojth fc `elgulte Me`hlth cf rhichxjðl sjle oæs djhl f`tufr `el hc sïlm sïlmrreoh eoh mh ¡FGF! Cf `f `fpt ptf` f`jð jðll rh rhph phtjtjtjtjvf vf mh cf secu secu`j `jðl ðl flth flth hc predchof.
Fberf djhl, ulf præ`tj`f rhichxjvf y preihsjelfcjzfmf cchvf f cf jmhltjij`f`jðl y f `errhr sh prhshltfl hl cfy cf præ`tj`f ^er hcceceshsedstæ`uces lh`hsfrjequh jlthkrfr cf præ`tj`f therïf,Me`hlth. sjl cf suphrjerjmfm mh cf ulff sedr ul sedrhh cf et etrf rf,, mhgf mhgflm lmee mh cf cfme me hc jl jlmj mjvj vjmu mufc fcjs jsoe, oe, rh rhjv jvjl jlmj mj`f `frr cf cf cfde der r Me`hlth hs ule mh ces fperths mh hsth tjpe mh jlvhstjkf`jelhs htlekræij`fs mhltre mhc æodjte hmu`ftjve. CEP FIFLHP @E]JMJFLEP Hsth trfdfge bf`h rhihrhl`jf f cf `etjmjflhjmfm hs`ecfr mhsmh7 Hc jlkrhse mh ces Fcuoles hl cf hs`uhcf, su phroflhl`jf Cfs lh`hsjmfmhs djecðkj`fs Cfs rhcf`jelhs quh sh hstfdch`hl mhltre mhc æodjte hs`ecfr (fojkes, `eopföhres) Cf hs`ecfrjmfm hs cf f`tjvjmfm `el ofyer `frkf berfrjf quh rhfcjzf hc Fcuole mhspuês mh merojr. Cf premu``jðl hs`ecfr, ces mjæcekes quh sh ofltjhlhl. Mhltre mh cf hs`uhcf 0 pfcfdrfs sel `cfvhs7 ofsf ‐ hcekje ‐ pemhr. Ofsf7 ces Fcuoles sh bfccfl mhltre mh ulf ofsf, mhdhl fprhlmhr f oevhrsh mhltre mh cf ojsof, hsphrfr turles, oeohltes epertules, `eoprhlmhr hxpcj`f`jelhs quh sh mjrjkhl f cf ofsf y le fc Fcuole.
Hcekje7 cf cf hs`uhcf `eoe rh`jlte hvfcuftjve, sh hlkföf f ces ljöes `el guhkes quh mhijljtjvfohlth sel thsts, quh hstæl hvfcuflme su f``jelfr, teme su f``jelfr hs hvfcufme mhltre mh cf hs`uhcf.
^emhr7 hl hl cf hs`uhcf hstæl djhl mhijljme ces rechs mh qujêlhs tjhlhl hc pemhr, qujêlhs ce hghr`hl y qujêlhs ce pfmh`hl.
OEMXCE JJ ^HMFKEKÏF MH LJYHC JLJ@JFC Muprftt, B. y Ofcfgevj`b, Ofcfgevj`b, F. MHIJLJ@JELHP Z @EL]TFMJ@@JELHP föes)
Gfrmïl Ofthrlfc (mh =8mïfs f 4
Ljvhc Jlj`jfc7 =8 mïfs f 9 föes, `eoprhlmh Gfrmïl mh jliflths (0 föes ‐ 8 föes ) GFTMÏL OF]HTLFC7 @eoprhlmh hc cf`tfrje, mhfoducfmerhs y sfcf mh 4 föes, le sh jl`cuyh mhltre mhc sjsthof hmu`ftjve, su edghtjve hs hsph`jfcohlth FPJP]HL@JFC, sh jlstfcf ul mhdfth sedr sedrhh cf hmu` hmu`f` f`jð jðll mh ce cess lj ljöe öess hl hstf hstf htfp htfpf, f, hl hltr trhh qujh qujhlh lhss pjhl pjhlsf sfll quh quh hs rhspelsfdjcjmfm mh cf ifojcjf y qujhlhs `elsjmhrfl quh cf rhspelsfdjcjmfm mhdhrïf rh`fhr sedrh cfs jlstjtu`jelhs. Fsph`tes hmu`ftjves7 Hstjoucf`jðl, se`jfc, jlthch`tufc y fih`tjvf ^repj`jfr cf futeleoïf Ofthrjfc mjmæ`tj`e fmh`ufme Hstf htfpf mh cf hs`ecfrjmfm hstæ rhmu`jmf f ulf pfrth mh cf se`jhmfm, yf quh le hs `elsjmhrfmf lj hs edghte hl cfs pecïtj`fs hmu`ftjvfs. GFTMÏL MH JLIFL]HP7 Pj djhl `eltjl÷f hc pcflthe mh cf hmu`f`j hmu`f`jðl ðl per pfrth mh cf ifojcjf ifojcjf e mh cf jlstjtu`jðl jlstjtu`jðl,, hstf hstf ht htfp fpff hs `e `els lsjm jmhr hrfm fmff `e `ell ofye ofyerr kr krfm fme, e, fu full sj sjku kuhh th thlj ljhl hlme me hc ph phri rijcjc oæs oæs FPJP]HL@JFC quh hmu`f`jelfc. Fsph`tes hmu`ftjves7 ^repj`jfr y ifverh`hr hc jlthr`fodje `el pfrhs p frhs Jlthkrf`jðl se`jfc, fghs se`jfchs @el @eltre trecc sfljtf sfljtfrje, rje, fcj fcjohl ohltj` tj`je, je, hsp hspf`j f`jee iïs iïsj`e j`e fpr fprepjf epjfme, me, oft ofthrj hrjfc fc mjm mjmæ`t æ`tj` j`e e fmh`ufme Fsjojcf`jðl mh lerofs y pfutfs `ucturfchs `ucturfchs Fghs pfrf `eopfrtjr, fghs mh hxprhsjðl erfc, pcæstj`f, `eoulj`f`jðl `eoulj`f`jðl Jlthkrf`jðl mh cf ifojcjf f cf jlstjtu`jðl, pfrf prepj`jfr hc jlthrês mh cf ifojcjf hl cf hmu`f`jðl mh ces bjges. Hsth ljvhc bf sjme thof mh pcftfierofs pecïtj`fs, mh bh`be ierof pfrth mh cf mhoflmf mh ulf pfrth mh cf se`jhmfm. Pðce hc gfrmïl mh jliflths bf sjme jlthkrfme mh oflhrf pfr`jfc hl hc sjsthof hmu`ftjve, ojhltrfs hc gfrmïl ofthrlfc, le hs `elsjmhrfme. Hc ljvhc mh vjmf f`tufc, su h`eleoïf y cf jlshr`jðl mh cf oughr hl hc oulme cfderfc, bf`hl quh shf lh`hsfrje ulf rhvjsjðl sedrh hsth thof.
HC MHDF]H VXHMF IETOXCFME HL]TH CF IFOJCJF Z CF JLP]J]X@JÐL (HP]FME) CF IFOJCJF - Ljöe Ljöe `e `eoe oe rhspe rhspels lsfd fdjcjcjm jmfm fm hx`c hx`cus usjv jvff mh cf ifojcjf. Ph teof fc ljöe `eoe prepjhmfm mh ces pfmrhs. Ph hs`elmhl cfs rhcf`jelhs mh pemhr Cf ifojcjf `eoe cf hl`frkfmf mh cf hmu`f`jðl mh ces ljöes, `elsjmhrflme f cf ifojcjf `eoe fcke jlst jlstjtjtuj ujme me pe perr Mj Mjes, es, pfrf pfrf cf pre` pre`rh rhf` f`jð jðll mh cf prech. Hc rec mh cf ifojcjf `eoe @êcucf dæsj`f mh cf se`jhmfm. Jlj`jftjvf prjvfmf, cf mh`fmhl`jf h jlmjihrhl`jf mh cfs jlstjtu`jelhs hstftfchs bf`hl quh hc prjvfme qujhrf fprepjfrsh mh rechs quh ch mhdhrïfl `fdhr f ulf Hstfme. Oughr rhpremu`terf, cf oughr sh cjojtfdf f cf hsihrf mhc bekfr, rhspelsfdch mh cf rhpremu``jðl djecðkj`f djecðkj `f h jmhecðkj`f, jmhecðkj`f, cf ojsjðl rhpremu rhpremu`terf `terf mh cf oughr
JLP]J]X@JÐL - HP]FME Ljöe Ljöe rh rhsp spel elsf sfdj djcjcjmf mfmm mh cf se se`j `jhm hmfm fm,, mh mhdh dhrï rïf f `elsjmhrfrsh fc ljöe `eoe ul luhve shr mhltre mh cf se`jhmfm y cf rhspelsfdjcjmfm `ech`tjvf quh hcce jopcj`f Hc pfphc mhc Hstfme hl cf hmu`f`jðl, cf `el`hp`jðl mh cf ifojcjf `eoe `êcucf dæsj`f mh cf se`jhmfm cchvf f phlsfr quh fc hstfme ch `fdh cf rhspelsfdjcjmfm sedrh cfs `esfs mh cf ifojcjf, vjhlme jl`fpfz f cf ifojcjf. Ths hspe pellsf sfdj djcjcjmf mfmm mh mhcc Hs Hstf tfme me,, `e `eoe oe fpf pfrf rfte te dure`r dur e`rætj ætj`e `e y khlhrf khlhrfmer mer mh jlstjt jlstjtu` u`jel jelhs hs quh ch ph phro rojtjtfl fl ph phrph rphtu tufr frsh sh hl hc pemh pemhr, r, mh mhdh dhrï rïff sh shr r prjerjmfm y hvjtfr hlirhltfojhltes vfles Oughr ^remu`terf, cfs `elqujstfs edthljmfs per cf ough ou ghrr cf hl hlir irhl hltf tf hl su `e `elm lmj` j`jð jðll mh ough oughrr y fspjrf`jelhs mh cf ojsof hl ulf se`jhmfm quh bf `fodjfme.
@FTF@]HTÏP]J@FP KHLHTFCHP Z ETKFLJWF@JÐL MH CFP PH@@JELHP @F^J]XCE JY CF@]FTJE
@frf`thrïstj`fs khlhrfchs Erkfljzf`jðl mh cfs sh``jelhs Cf er erkf kfljz ljzf` f`jðl jðl hs f pfrt pfrtjr jr mh Jl`erperf`jðl mhc ljöe fc oulme se`jfc
ohmjftjzfmf cf`jðl jlstjtu`jðl. ^r ^rep epj` j`jf jfrr cf per rh rhcf cf`j ðl mhc mhc lj ljöe öe `e `ell hc ohmje ohm je fmu fmucte cte,, hsp hspf`j f`jes, es, rec rechs hs y etres etres ljöes Ph mhsfrreccf cf f`tjvjmfm psj`eoetrjz per ohmje mh rhichges fr`fj`es Ph pf pfrt rthh mh cf cfss rhcf rhcf`j `jel elhs hs pfr` pfr`jf jfchs chs edghtfchs pfrf jlthkrfrsh fc oulme Cf suphrf`jðl mh jlmhihlsjðl hltrh hc ye y le ye.
MHFODXCFMETHP
PFCF MH 4 FÖEP
PFCF MH 0 F = FÖEP
Krflmhs `fodjes `el cf sh``jðl flthrjer
Fuohlte ces Fuohltf ces oeohltes oeohltesmh mhvjkjcjf hxpcerf`jðl, guhke h jlthr`fodje Mes predchofs `frf`thrjzfl hsth phrïeme quh sel hc `eltrec mh hsiïlthrhs y cf `fpf`jmfm mh rhprhshltf`jðl. Hstjoucf`jð Hstjo ucf`jðll y f`eo f`eopföfo pföfojhltes jhltes mh ces mes fsph`tes flthrjerohlth ohl`jelfmes Ph jlkrhsf sðce `uflme bfyfl cekrfme hc `eltrec mh hsiïlthrhs ^reoevhr hc mhsfrrecce mhc chlkufgh y cf `eoulj`f`jðl Mhsmh temfs sus ofljihstf`jelhs. Ph jl`rhohltfl cfs prepuhstfs mjmæ`tj`fs Mh cf f`tjvjmfm cjdrh (guhke) fc guhke `eoe trfdfge Ph ofr`fl ces rechs y iul`jelhs mh ces jlthkrflths mhc krupe.
Ph hsphrf quh hc ljöe bfyf pfsfme per cf sh``jelhs flthrjerhs, mh shr fsï hste if`jcjcjjtf hc jlkrh lkrhsse mhc ojsoe f cf hs`ecfrjmfm edcjkfterjf. Êc bfdhr pfsfme per hstf htfpf ifverh`h y phro phrojt jthh cf pesj pesjddjcjcjm jmfm fm mh `fpt `fptfr fr pesjdchs predchofs, y pemhr teofrces f tjhope Fc bfdhr `el`urrjme phrojth f cf ulf jlstjtu`jðl prhvjf f cf edcjkfterjf ohger jlshr`jðl pfrf hc ljöe
sudkrupes ijges, Xlf me`hlth per `fmf 8 dhdhs. Ces krupes mhdhl hstfr `elstjtujmes per dhdhs beoekêlhes >-0o 0-9o-9-:o :- 64o Cf of ofhs hstr trff hs cf rh rhsp spel elsf sfdc dch h mjrh`tf mhc krupe y mh `fmf ule mh ces ljöes. Ph e`upf mh cf bjkjhlh, fcjohltf`jðl mh `fmf ule mh ces ljöes mhc krupe Ph e` e`up upff mh cf hst stjo jouc ucff`j `jððl fmh`ufmf pfrf `fmf ljöe Ph erkfljzfl hl sudkrupes mh ; ljöes per f cjmfm `frke. @e @elt ltjlu jluf f `fmf `e `ell me`hlth cf oe oemf mfcjm fm mh krupes beoekêlhes mh ljöes hl hmfm. Cf ofhstrf sjkuh sjhlme cf rhspelsfdch mjrh`tf mh ces ljöes Ph e`upf mh cf bjkjhlh y fcjohltf`jðl mh ces ljöes. Ph erkfljzfl hl krupes mh ulf me`hlth per `fmf 62 ljöes Ph `eltjluf `el cf rutjlf flths ohl`jelfmf. Me`hlth rhspelsfdch mjrh`tf Ph erkfljzfl hl sudkrupes mh 4> ljöes per `fmf me`hlth.
@eoe edghtjve `hltrfc hs jlmjvjmufcjzf jlmjvjm ufcjzfrr fquhcc fquhcces es ljöes `el mjij`uctfmhs Beoekhlhjzfr ces krupes Cf me me``hlth pfrth mh uul l mjfk mj fklð lðst stj` j`ee jlm jlmjv jvjm jmuf ufcc y kr krup upfc fc pfrff pet pfr pethl` hl`jfr jfr cfs pes pesjdj jdjcjmf cjmfmhs mhs mh `fmf ule. Fmjhstrfojhlte psj`eoetrjz pfrf cf hs`rjturf.
JMHECEKÏF Z ^HMFKEKÏF HL HC GFTMÏL MH LJÖEP Flmrhf Dfr`hlf Cf hmu`f`jðl prhhs`ecfr hstæ hl `rjsjs tê`lj`e - phmfkðkj`f. Ihlðohles hmu`ftjves `eoe pre`hses se`jfchs bjstðrj`es sh edshrvfl hl mjihrhlths pfïshs, sh bf rhfcjzfme ulf jlvhstjkf`jðl quh hxpelmrhoes hl hc prhshlth frtï`uce sedrh ulf jlstjtu`jðl hs`ecfr Ohxj`flf. Ph bfl teofme ces sjkujhlths hghs pfrf su flæcjsjs7 6. `etjm etjmjf jfllhjmf hjmfm m 4. ces ``fses fses ppfrt frtj`u j`ucfr cfrhs hs pfrf pfrf cch cchkfr kfr f ce kh khlhr lhrfc fc 0. vjvhl`jf vjvhl`jf psj`ecðkj`f psj`ecðkj`f y `ucturf `ucturfcc mh cf jl jlstjtu stjtu`jðl `jðl Hsth trfdfge sh rhfcjzð hl 6:;: sedrh cf rhcf`jðl mh Me`hlths y Fcuoles, hl `uflte f7 rhcf`jðl mh futerjmfm bædjtes mh trfdfge rhcf`jðl `el hc `ele`jojhlte. ^repuhstfs7 cf hmu`f`jðl prhhs`ecfr hs ul vfcjese flth`hmhlth pfrf hc êxjte mh cf hs`uhcf prjofrjf. Hstf supesj`jðl hstæ eij`jfcjzfmf hl cfs ohtfs mhc ljvhc prhhs`ecfr. Ph dus`f cf hxthlsjðl mh cf hmu`f`jðl prh prhhs`ecfr, hs`ecfr, yf quh sece f``hmhl f``hmhl cf `cfsh ohmjf y fctf. Cf hmu`f`jðl prhhs`ecfr pelh su êlifsjs hl hc chlkufgh y cf `eoulj`f`jðl. µMh quê oflhrf cf H^ (hmu`f`jðl prhhs`ecfr) preper`jelf bhrrfojhltfs quh if`jcjtfl cf jlshr`jðl hs`ecfr hl cf hs`uhcf prjofrjf.5 Cf jlvhstjkf`jðl phrojtjð edshrvfr cf f``jðl se`jfcjzfmerf mh cf H^. ^er ul cfme cf f``jðl jlstjtu`jelfc mjrjkjmf bf`jf ces ljöes y per etre cf pfrtj`jpf`jðl mh hcces hl cf pfrtj`jpf`jðl hl ces fghs. F@@JÐL PE@JFCJWFMETF7 Ces fghs sh cchvfl f `fde prjl`jpfcohlth hl ierof se`jfc, sh jopfrthl ch``jelhs mh `eopertfojhlte se`jfc. Ph cchvfl f `fde EDGH]JYF@JELHP ^TJOFTJFP (E^.), e shf fprepjfrsh mhc oulme se`jfc quh ce remhf y ch phrojth jlthrf`tufr hl hc y ce cchvf f shr ul beodrh, per ohmje mh cfs E^. Chlkufgh y trfdfge, sh cchkfl f cfs Edghtjvf`jelhs Ph`ulmfrjfs. Vuh mh f`uhrme `el cf `fltjmfm mh hxphrjhl`jfs quh hc ljöe bf thljme hl cfs E^. Phræ ofyer cf pesjdjcjmfm mh f`rh`hltfr cfs EP. EDGH]JYF@JELHP ^TJOFTJFP7 sh hltjhlmh quh hc ljöe sh vf fprepjflme mhc ohmje quh ce remhf per ohmje mh sus f``jelhs, hste hs ce quh sh `ele`h `el hc leodrh mh E^. ^frf bfdcfr mh F@@JÐL mh F@@JÐL PE@JFCJWFMETF, sh mhdh thlhr hl `uhltf quh cf H^, hs hc hscfdðl hltrh cf ifojcjf y cf hs`uhcf prjofrjf. ]eof `frf`thrïstj`fs se`je`ucturfchs y psj`ecðkj`fs mh cf ifojcjf, fpultflme f cfs præ`tj`fs lerofcjzflths y se`jfcjzflths mh cf hs`uhcf prjofrjf.
CF YJMF HL HC GFTMÏL MH LJÖEP JJ Flmrhf Dfr`hlf µ@ðoe sh hlshöf hl ces gfrmjlhs pfrf ljöes5 ^frf rhspelmhr f hstf prhkultf hs lh`hsfrje edshrvfr cf cfder f mjfrje. Thcf`jðl phmfkðkj`f
Hs ul `elgulte mh rhkcfs jopcï`jtfs y hxpcï`jtfs rhcftjvfs f ces rechs quh `fmf pfrtj`jpflth hl cf rhcf`jðl hlshöflzf - fprhlmjzfgh pelh hl guhke7 hspf`je, erkfljzf`jðl, rhkcfs mh guhke, præ`tj`f phmfkðkj`f, ofthrjfc mjmæ`tj`e (edghtes pfsjves)1 guhkes, `fltes (edghtes f`tjves).
Xle mh ces mhthrojlfths mjrh`tes mh hstf rhcf`jðl hs cf Me`hlth, hc cukfr quh e`upf, cf pesj`jðl irhlth f cfs futerjmfmhs mh cf jlstjtu`jðl, irhlth f ces pfmrhs, cf se`jhmfm, hccf hstæ sudermjlfm sudermjlfmff f cfs futerj futerjmfmhs mfmhs,, suirh hc pemhr quh hghr`h hghr`hll sedrh hccf, mhsmh ces pfmrhs y fc jsltjtu`jðl y f su vhz hccf hghr`h su pemhr sedrh ces Fcuoles. Hs per ohmje mh hstfs ierofs mh `eltrec quh sh utucjzfl y hs `eoe sh vfl `elijkurflme cf rhcf`jðl phmfkðkj`f. Cf Me`hlth hs hc ofyer rhihrhlth se`jfc y prjl`jpfc iuhlth mh fih`te mhltre mh cf jlstjtu`jðl pfrf hc ljöe y hs hsh fih`te su prjl`jpfc iulth mh `eltrec sedrh ces ljöes. Hs per hcce quh hc vïl`uce foerese hs ul hchohlte lu`chfr mh cf T^. Z hc ljöe fprhlmhræ f ce cfrke mh hstf rhcf`jðl quh hc fih`te mh su ofhstre le hs jl`elmj`jelfc. Mh hste hste ÷ctj ÷ctjoe oe sh mhsp mhsprl rlmh mhll ce cess `f `fst stjk jkes, es, fo fohl hlfz fzfs fs e rh`b rh`bfs fses es `e `eoe oe iu iuhr hrzf zf hmu`fmerf. HC GXHKE (]TFDFGE) F@@JÐL PE@JFCJWFL]H Ces ljöes mh prhhs`ecfr hstæl `elstflthohlth e`upfmes. Ftrfvjhsfl ul phrïeme mh mhsfrrecce quh sh `fræ`thrjzf per hc fgh dfsfmes hl cf f``jðl. ^er ohmje ohmje mhc guhke guhke hsp hspðlt ðltflh flhee rhf rhfcjz cjzfl fl trf trflsi lsiero erof`j f`jelh elhss sjodðcj sjodðcj`fs `fs sedrh sedrh cf rhfcjmfm, cf rhcftfl, cf fcthrfl, cf mhs`eopelhl, bf`hl bjpðthsjs, pruhdfs, mh`udrhl dus`fl rhkucfrjmhs. ^err cf f``j ^e f``jðl ðl rhku rhkucf cfme merf rf y hc chlk chlkuf ufgh gh gult gultes es `e `els lstjtjtu tuyh yhll cf ie iero roff prjo prjofrj frjff mh edghtjvf`j edghtj vf`jðl ðl sjhlme ule mh ces prjl prjl`jpfch `jpfchss ohmjes mh `tes y hxprhsj hxprhsjðel ðel mhc `ufc sh vfch hc ljöe. Mhltre mhc hspf`je phmfkðkj`e le le sh ce `elsjmhrf fc guhke , per hc `eltfrje suhch mhsvfcerjzfrsh, `eoe ulf jlthrihrhl`jf mhltre mhc pre`hse mh hlzf-fgh. Ce quh sh phrsjkuh mhltre mh cf jlstjtu`jðl prhhs`ecfr hs hlshöfrchs f gukfr y le ieohltfr hc guhke hspðltflhe. Hc mjs`urse phmfkðkj`e phmfkðkj`e suhch shr –Hstfoes ]rfdfgflme ]rfdfgflme y le Gukflme‟ Gukflme‟,, –Bey vfoes f trfdfgfr deljte‟ ht`, sh bf`h rhihrhl`jf f cfs oflufcjmfmhs y `uflme hstfs le sh bf`hl mj`hl –Bey le trfdfgfoes‟.
CF LF]XTFCHWF ^PJ@ECÐKJ@F MHC GXHKE JLIFL]JC Tesfrje Erthkf Hc guhke supelh ulf f`tjvjmfm cjdrh, quh le sh hlguj`jf, hstæ phrojtjme hc hrrer, hc `eoe mh ohltjrjtf. Hste bf`h quh hc sughte sh sjhltf cjdrh mh f``jelfr, rhcfgfme, pfrf quh bfyf guhke mhdhl hstfr prhshlth cfs sjkujhlths `elmj`jelhs7 Mhshe mh gukfr @rhhr ce quh sh bf`h ]hlhr cjdhrtfm pfrf bf`hrce ^emhr –bf`hr `eoe‟ Hc guhke le puhmh mhsfrreccfrsh melmh bfy futerjtfrjsoe, `hlsurf e ul `elthxte rïkjme. Hxjsth cf `rhhl`jf mh quh hc guhke sh epelh fc fprhlmjzfgh. Iuhrel mjstjltes flæcjsjs quh sh bfl bh`be sedrh hc guhke y hstumjfme mhsmh mjstjltfs therïfs, ohl`jelfrhoes fckulfs mh hccfs7 6. Cfs therï therïfs fs psj`efih`t psj`efih`tjvfs jvfs mhc guhke. guhke. Irhum (6:4>) Hxpcj`f`jðl mh ce c÷mj`e y quh jl`cuyh fc j``., mhsmh hc prjl`jpje mh pcf`hr y prjl`jpje mh ouhrth. Cchkf f cf `el`cusjðl mh quh quh hc –HC –HC guhk guhkee `u `uop opch ch hc pf pfph phcc mh hx hxpr prhs hsfr fr ces ces sh shlt ltjo jojh jhlt ltes es rhprjojmes per hc sughte hl hc pre`hse hmu`ftjve‟ 4. cfs ther therïfs ïfs psj`e psj`efih`t fih`tjvfs jvfs mhc guhke [jllj`ett (6:;:) –Hc erjkhl psj`ecðkj`e mh gukfr bfy quh dus`frce hl cf ierof pfrtj`ucfr quh tjhlh hc ljöe mh rhcf`jelfrsh `el cf ofmrh e qujhl `uopcf mj`bf iul`jðl‟ Hs per per oh ohmj mjee mhc mhc guhk guhkee quh quh ce cess edgh edghte tess y ph phrs rsel elfs fs sh hs hstr tru` u`tu turf rfll hl ulf ulf rhprhshltf`jðl rhcf`jelfr rhcf`jelfr jlthrjer `eoe c÷mj`f y le c÷mj`f Cfs c÷mj`fs ch preper`jelfl fc ljöe shkurjmfm y `elijflzf. Cfs le c÷mj`fs mhs`elijflzf y prhvhl`jðl. ^er.. Hg. Hc guhke mh fpfr ^er fpfrh`h h`hrr y mhsfpf mhsfpfrh` rh`hr. hr. –F`æ –F`æ hst hstæ, æ, e sh iuh‟, iuh‟, cf lfturfc lfturfchzf hzf fih`tjvf mh hstes guhkes hs `elstjtutjvf pfrf cf hstru`turf`j hstru`turf`jðl ðl mhc sughte Mh hstf oflhr oflhrff cf f`tjvjmfm c÷mj`f jlthrf` jlthrf`tjve tjve y `eoulj`ftjv `eoulj`ftjvff sh vf mjihrhl`j mjihrhl`jflme flme mh cfs etrfs f`tjvjmfmhs y ce vf metflme mh `fpf`jmfm pfrf usfr edghtes y rhcf`jelfrsh `el cfs phrselfs, dfge tetfc cjdhrtfm mh hxprhsjðl mh hoe`jelhs y shltjojhltes. ^frf [jllj`ett hc guhke `eoe f`tjvjmfm `rhf ulf zelf quh cf ccfof ]hr`hrf zelf e zelf ohltfc hs hs mh`jr –ofoæ bf`h `eoe quh sh vf‟, phre le hs fsï –cf ouöh`f bf`h quh ccerf‟ phre le hs fsï, hste khlhrf ulf suhrth mh sjoucf`jðl quh ifverh`h fc ljöe. Hstf thr`hr ærhf e zelf hlrjquh`h hc mhsfrrecce y cf `fpf`jmfm sjodðcj`f y hc meojlje mhc chlkufgh quh sh hstæ fmqujrjhlme. Cfs therïfs iul`jelfcjstfs y lfturfcjstfs mhc guhke Hsth tjpe mh therïfs ce quh jlthltfrel iuh mfr hxpcj`f`jelhs mh cf f`tjvjmfm c÷mj`f. 6. Drulhr (6:;4) Thijhrh quh `uflme ces ljöes pjhlsfl quh hstæl gukflme jlthrhsfmes hl rhsecvhr predchofs, sel oæs ræpjmes y bædjchs hl cekrfrce.
4. Krfs (6:>6) Htðceke lfturfcjstf, `elsjmhrf fc guhke mhsmh su lfturfchzf, `eoe hgh pfrf cfs f`tjvjmfmhs mh suphrvjvhl`jf mh cfs hsph`jhs. Hc guhke preper`jelf fc beodrh hc ofr`e mh ce quh shræ hl iuture (ces guhkes mh rechs). Cfs therïfs `ekljtjvfs mhc guhke. 6. ^jfkht (6:=8) Hc erjkhl mhc guhke sjodðcj`e hc phlsfojhlte rhprhshltftjve bf bfyy quh quh dus` dus`fr frce ce hl cf f`tj f`tjvj vjmf mfmm mh hs hsqu quho hofs fs oetð oetðrj rj`e `ess mh `f `fræ ræ`t `thr hr fmfptftjve. Ces hsquhofs c÷mj`es-sjodðcj`es sel hc rhsuctfme mh cf hvfcuf`jðl mh ces hsquhofs shserjeoetðrj`es, sjhlme jkufc f ces hsquhofs le c÷mj`es phre `el ofyer fsjojcf`jðl. ^er ce quh bey sfdhoes quh gukfr supelh ulf ierof pcf`hlthrf mh f`tufr sedrh ces edghtes, mh oflhrf tfc quh gukfr sjkljij`f trftfr mh `eoprhlmhr `eoe iul`jelfl cfs `esfs. ^jfkht iuh `rjtj`fme per le bfdhr jl`cujme hl sus hstumjes hc pfphc iulmfohltfc mh cf `eoulj`f`jðl h jlthrf``jðl `el ces etres. Cfs therïfs `ekljtjvfs mhc guhke 4. Yj Yjke kets tsay ay (6:9 (6:9:) :) ]herïf se`je`ekljtjvf, –@elsjmhrð fc guhke `eoe ulf ierof pfrtj`ucfr pfrtj `ucfr mh f`tuf f`tuf`jðl `jðl `eklj `ekljtjvf tjvf hspel hspeltælh tælhff quh rhichgf bfstf bfstf quh pulte hc pre`hse mh `elstru``jðl mh `ele`jojhlte y erkfljzf`jðl mh cf ohlth tjhlh erjkhl hl cf jlicuhl`jf quh hc ofr`e se`jfc hghr`h sedrh cf f`tjvjmfm mhc sughte‟ ^frf ^jfkht y Yjketsay hc guhke tjhlh erjkhl hl cf f``jðl phre pfrf Yjketsay hc shltjme mh cf f``jðl hs se`jfc, ojhltrfs quh pfrf ^jfkht hs jlmjvjmufc. ^er hcce hc guhke fmqujhrh su vfcer se`jfcjzflth y mh trflsojsjðl mh cf `ucturf pfrf hc prjohr futer. @frf`thrïstj`fs mhc guhke pfrf Yjketsay Lf`h mh cf f``jðl ]jhlh vfcer se`jfcjzflth Lf`h mh cf lh`hsjmfm Pjl lh`hsjmfm psj`ecðkj`f le bfy oetjvf`jðl Hs ul hspf`je fkrfmfdch, rhcfgfme, quh ch phrojth jlvhstjkfr `fopes mhs`ele`jmes Hl hc guhke hc ljöe puhmh hqujve`frsh, le sh sjhlth guzkfme. @frf`thrïstj`fs mhc guhke jlifltjc. @eopertfojhlt @eopertfojhlte e mh `fræ`thr sjodðcj`e mh erjkhl y mhsfrrecce se`jfc ]em ]eme e guh guhke ke tjhlh tjhlh rhk rhkcfs cfs jlthrl jlthrlfs, fs, quh ch pre preper per`je `jelfl lfl lft lfturfc urfchzf hzf prepjf Hc guhke hvecu`jelf `el cf hmfm, rhichgflme hl `fmf oeohlte cf phr`hp`jðl mhc oulme. Hc guhke hs ulf `elmu`tf jltrïlsh`fohlth oetjvfmf Hc guhke hs ulf ierof lfturfc mh jlthr`f r`fodjes mh jmhfs y hxphrjhl`jfs. Hc fmucte tjhlh ul pfphc jopertflth sj f`t÷f c÷mj`fohlth. Ces gukuhths fpeyfl y erjhltfl hc guhke phre le ces mhthrojlfl.
^HMFKEKÏF MH CF HMX@F@JÐL JLIFL]JC @fstjcchge Drucc Hc pre`h pre`hse se hmu`ftjve f`eopfö f`eopföff fc beodrh murfl murflth th temf cf vjmf, cf hmu`f hmu`f`jðl `jðl jlifltjc jlifltjc `eojhlzf `uflme lf`h y throjlf `el hc jlkrhse f cf hs`uhcf. Hc beodr beodrhh le pesh peshhh fc lf`h lf`hrr jlie jliero rof` f`jð jðll kh khlê lêtjtj`f `f hl ce quh sh rhij rhijhr hrhh f su `eopertfojhlte hl rhcf`jðl `el hc ohmje, mh bh`be mhdh fprhlmhr. Hsth fgh quh hc beodrh rhfcjzf sh mhleojlf fgh fltrepecðkj`e y ce rhfcjzf mh oflhrf lfturfc hl jlthrf``jðl `el hc ohmje Cf H^. Ph e`upf mh quh hsh fgh shf hc oæs fmh`ufme y ÷tjc pesjdch, pethl`jælmece y ieohltælmece. ^ultes mh jopertfl`jf `jhltïij`f pfrf cf H^. ^re ^re`hs `hsee mh ofm ofmurf urf`jð `jðll (oj (ojhcj hcjljz ljzf`j f`jðl, ðl, fuo fuohlt hltee mh cfs rfojij rfojij`f` `f`jel jelhs hs mhlmrïtj`fs y fxelï`fs) quh phrojth cf djphmhstf`jðl, `eltrec psj`eoetrjz, frtj`ucf`jðl erfc ht`. Hc mhsfrrecce mhc quh bfdcfoes, sh vh ifverh`jme sj hs hstjoucfme per hc ohmje, y sh mf krf`jfs f quh bfy ul ohmje quh mhoflmf fc ljöe ulf f``jðl, hc ljöe le fprhlmh hl hc vf`ïe, lj lhutrfcohlth sjle hl ulf `ucturf, tjhope bjstðrj`e mhthrojlfme. Cf jlo jlofmu fmurhz rhz lhurec lhurecðkj` ðkj`ff vjhlh vjhlh rhp rhprhs rhshlt hltfmf fmf per cf jl`el` jl`el`cus cusjðl jðl mhc sjsthof lhrvjese Hc pre`hse hvecutjve sh rhfcjzf hl ul tjhope y hspf`je `el`rhte, per ce quh shk÷l sh ce hstjouch shræl ces pre`hses y sus rhsuctfmes. Cf H^. Ph vfch mh rh`urses hmu`ftjves mjrh`tes h jlmjrh`tes. Ces mjrh`tes sel fquhccfs sjtuf`jelhs hl melmh hc ljöe jlthrf`t÷f `el hc ohmje mh oflhrf hspeltælhf. Jlmjrh`tes, bfy jlthrvhl`jðl mhc M per ohmje mh ofthrjfc mjmæ`tj`e. Fodfs ierofs puhmhl trfdfgfrsh gultfs. Iul`jelhs dæsj`fs mh cf H^. 6. Ph ch ftrjduy ftrjduyhh iul` iul`jðl jðl mh kuf kufrmh rmhrïf rïf jli jliflt fltjcjc quh per ce khlhrfc khlhrfc le tjhlh phrselfc fmh`ufme phmfkðkj`fohlth, hl hspf`jes le fptes. Ph prjof cf fcjohltf`jðl, bjkjhlh y `ujmfme y sh mhsvfcerjzf ce hmu`ftjve. 4. @el hc pfsfr mhc tjh tjhope ope sh `eohl `eohlzð zð f `f `fodjfr odjfr y sh teo teoff `eoe ulf prhpfrfterjf pfrf hc ljvhc edcjkfterje. Ph hvjmhl`jf hstf iul`jðl hl fquhccfs sjtuf`jelhs melmh sh jlsjsth hl tê`lj`fs jlfmh`ufmfs pfrf cf ch`te-hs`rjturf. 0. sh ch fsjklf fsjklf cf iul`jð iul`jðll `eophlsf `eophlsfterj terjf, f, `els `elsjmh jmhrfl rflme me f hsth hsth ljvhc hc oæs fmh`ufme pfrf `eophlsfr y prhvhljr iutures predchofs. Hstf pest pestur urff mhrj mhrjvf vf mh cf hmu` hmu`f` f`jð jðll th th`l `lj` j`js jstf tf oæs oæs fm fmh` h`uf ufmf mf f cf cfs s lh`hsjmfmhs y `frhl`jfs mh ces sughtes =. Iul` Iul`jð jðll jl jlth thkr krfm fmer erf, f, beoe beoekh khlh lhjz jzfm fmer erf, f, mh ces ces su sugh ghte tess quh quh fccï fccï `elvjvhl, `fh cf `el`hp`jðl mh fcuoles hsph`jfchs y `edrf vfcer cf hmu`f`jðl mjihrhl`jfmf mh f`uhrme fc krfme y `ufcjmfmhs mh `fmf sughte. 8. Iul`j Iul`jðl ðl prhvh prhvhltj ltjvf vf y mh mmjfk jfklðs lðstj` tj`e. e.
Cf iul`jðl `hltrfc hs7 – Cf mh preoevhr ul fmh`ufme prekrhse hl cf `elstr `el stru`` u``jðl jðl mh cf phrse phrselfc lfcjmf jmfm, m, ce quh sjklji sjkljij`f j`f ul ler lerofc ofc pre pre`hs `hse e mh ofmurf`jðl mh mhsfrrecce hvecutjve y hmu`ftjve‟ ^er ce tflte sh mhdh teofr `el`jhl`jf mhc vfcer hmu`ftjve mh hsth ljvhc. ^frf hcce hs lh`hsf lh` hsfrje rje hcf hcfder derfr fr f`t f`tjvj jvjmfm mfmhs hs `el `elkru kruhlt hlths hs `el ces edg edghtj htjves ves,, f`` f``jel jelhs hs f`e f`ermhs rmhs,, pre`urfr oemhces fmuctes quh sh `eoperthl `el cf `elmu`tf mhshfmf y epertulf pfrf cf e`fsjðl, if`jcjtfr cfs f`tjvjmfmhs krupfchs, fpeye f cf jlj`jftjvf jlmjvjmufc, khlhrfr bædjtes mh `eephrf`jðl, rhsphte, secjmfrjmfm. Ph hvjtfrfl hghs ohoerïstj`es y le sjkljij`ftjves, hl cf hs`uhcf, hl hc dfrrje, hl cf ifojcjf y hl cf `eouljmfm temf. Hc hgh `hltrfc `hltrfc mhdh shr cf `elstru``jðl bu buoflf. oflf. @el`hp`jðl f`tufc mh cf hmu`f`jðl jlifltjc. Hc rfske oæs sfcjhlth hs hc mh `fræ`thr jlthkrfmer, hste les rhojth f cf hmu`f`jðl thoprflf e hs`ecfrjmfm thoprflf. Hmu`f`jðl thoprflf7 sjkljij`f sjkljij`f quh cf hmu`f`jðl sh bf`h hl ierof phmfkðkj`f, hs mh`jr mh ul oeme jlthl`jelfc y tê`lj`e y le dfstf `el cfs Duhlfs jlthl`jelhs per ce tflte mhdh shr Ermhlfmf Ouctjmjohlsjelfc Jlthkrfmerf 6. Hstj Hstjou oucf cf`j `jðl ðl shls shlserj erjeo eoet etrj rjz7 z7 F` F`tjtjvj vjmf mfmh mhss ph phr` r`hp hptjtjve vess - `e `ekl kljtjtjv jvfs fs (fumjtjvfs, tæ`tjchs, vjsufc ht`.) Oeterfs7 djphmhstf`jðl, pesturfchs, ofljpucf`jðl, oetrj`jmfm ijlf @eoulj`f`jðl7 f`tjvjmfmhs quh ieohlthl cf `eoulj`f`jðl mhsmh sus mjihrhlths hxprhsjelhs. 4. Mhsfrrecce mh iul`jelh elhs `ekl ekljtjvfs `fthkerjzf`jðl, `eopfrf`jðl hltrh jkufchs ht`.
mh
fthl`jðl,
phr`hp`jðl,
0. ^reoev ^reoevhr hr hc pr prekrhse ekrhse hl cf tteof eof mh ``el`jh el`jhl`jf l`jf mmhh sï ojsoe, ojsoe, cf futehstjof, cf futeleoïf phrselfc, edshrvfr cf `elmu`tf y sus `elsh`uhl`jfs =.
^reoevhr y hstjoucfr hc chlkufgh pfrf cf `eoulj`f`jðl erfc y le erfc
=. Jl`e Jl`erp rper erfr fr bædj bædjte tes, s, pr preo eoev evhr hr cf `e `eep ephr hrf` f`jð jðl, l, cf jlth jlthrf rf`` ``jð jðll `e `ell ces ces pfrhs y pfrtj`jpf`jðl.
Mh hstf oflhrf cf hmu`f`jðl thoprflf prjof ce phmfkðkj`e. Ph `elsjmhrf f cf hmu`f`jðl thoprflf fc ljvhc jlihrjer fc prhhs`ecfr, e shf flths mh ces 8 föes. Xlf duhlf hmu`f`jðl thoprflf mhdh `uopcjr `el ces sjkujhlths rhqujsjtes7 ^fr`jfc (sece hc tjhope lh`hsfrje) Hsph Hsph`j `jfc fcjz jzfm fmff (v (vjl jl`u `ucf cfmf mf f cfs cfs lh`h lh`hsj sjmf mfmh mhs, s, ed edgh ghtjtjve vess mh cf ht htfp fpf, f, y `e `el l phrselfc jmðlhe) @eltrecfmf (fthltf f ces hih`tes quh vfyfl prhmj`jêlmesh) ]h`ljij`fmf (vjl`ucfmf fc cekre mh edghtjves hmu`ftjves.) ^rhvhltjvf (fchrtf fc mjfklðstj`e f `erte y cfrke pcfze) Cf hmu`f`jðl jlifltjc thoprflf hs rh`cfofmf per temf cf pedcf`jðl y le sece per ul sh`ter, `uopcjhlme `el cf medch iul`jðl mh shr ^THYHL]JYF Z @EO^HLPF]ETJF.
^TJL@J^JEP ^HMFKÐKJ@EP MH CF HMX@F@JÐL JLIFL]JC Ohmjlf Tudje Hc prjl`jpje dfsh hs hc mh jlthrf``jðl mhc ljöe `el hc ohmje. Ph bf`h letfr cf jopertfl`jf mhc `eltf`te mjrh`te `el cf rhfcjmfm per pfrth mhc ljöe. Hc ljöe flth hc ohmje le hs ulf sjopch hstru`turf rh`hptjvf mh hstïouces hxthrles sjle ul sughte hstjoucfdch, ul erkfljsoe f`tjve `el `fpf`jmfm mh `elmu`tf e shf ulf rhpuhstf phrselfc. Hc ljöe sh mhijlh per hc `elgulte mh rhcf`jelhs quh hc ohmje hl quh vjvh ce bf`h pesjdch. ^f ^frf rf quh quh hsh hsh oh ohmj mjee shf shf hstj hstjou oucf cflt lthh mh mhdh dh rhsp rhspel elmh mhrr f cfs cfs lh lh`h `hsj sjmf mfmh mhs s hsph`ïij`fs mhc erkfljsoe. Yfcer phmfkðkj`e phmfkðkj`e7 7 Hc ljöe sh vf `elijkurflme y mhsfrreccflme hl vjrtum mh cf rhtrefcjohltf`jðl shlserjfc, jmhecðkj`f, oeterf, fih`tjvf y se`jfc mhc ohmje hl hc `ufc sh hl`uhltrf jlshrte. Cfs hstru`turfs ohltfchs sh `elstjtuyhl per fc jlthrf``jðl hltrh cfs f`tjvjmfmhs mhc sughte y cfs rhf``jelhs mhc edghte. ^jfkht mj`h –Cf jlthcjkhl`jf hs cf fmfptf`jðl f sjtuf`jelhs luhvfs y hs hc rhsuctfme mh ul ulff `el `elstr stru` u``jð `jðll `el `eltjl tjluf uf mh hxp hxphrj hrjhl` hl`jfs jfs ohl ohltfc tfchs hs flthrj flthrjerh erhss (fsjoj (fsjojcf` cf`jðl jðl)) y hc fgustfojhlte f hses hsquhofs e sjtuf`jelhs pfrtj`ucfrhs (f`eoemf`jðl) Hltrh cf fsjojcf`jðl fsjojcf`jðl y cf f`uoucf f`uoucf`jðl `jðl sh mhdh cchkfr fc hqujc hqujcjdrje, jdrje, quh khlhrf ul f`te mh jlthcjkhl`jf. Cf `elmu`tf surkh mh cf prepjf jlthrf``jðl rhichxjvf - f`tjvf mhc sughte `el hc ohmje, hstf jlthrf``jðl ch phrojth fc ljöe cf jofkjlf`jðl y cf ifltfsïf. Hc `urr `urrï` ï`uc ucee hstf hstfdch dch`h `h quh cf jlth jlthrf rf`` ``jð jðll mh mhcc su sugh ghte te `e `ell hc ohmje ohmje phro phrojtjthh hc `rh`jojhlte, hsth mhdh shr `eltjlue, prekrhsjve y preoevhr f``jelhs mh oflhrf lfturfc y le ierzfmf. Cf hmu`f`jðl mhdh thlhr ul `fræ`thr kcedfcjzfmer, hs mh`jr quh ch phrojtf fc sughte jlthkrfr jlthk rfr ces `ele` `ele`jojhl jojhltes tes hl vfrje vfrjess æodjtes, æodjtes, hxtrf hxtrfpecfr pecfr fghs mh cfs mjihrhlths ærhfs, hs mh`jr quh sh ieroh `eoe sughte phlsflth. ^rjl`jpje ^rjl`j pje mh F`t F`tjvj jvjmfm mfm77 Cf jlthrvhl`jðl f`tjvf mhc ljöe ch phrojth utjcjzfr `eoe jlstruohlte quh `eopreohth f teme hc sughte ifverh`jhlme hc `rh`jojhlte phrselfc. Hc phlsfojhlte rhspelmh f cf cðkj`f mh cf f``jðl y f cf chy `fusf ‐ hih`te f hstfdch`hr `elhxjelhs `fusfchs hltrh cfs rhcf`jelhs phr`jdjmfs per hc ljöe hl sus hxphrjhl`jfs flthrjerhs y hl cf mhoflmf mh sjtuf`jelhs luhvfs. Hc phlsfojhlte surkh mh cf lh`hsjmfm mh bf`hr irhlth f fckulf mjij`uctfm y sh mhsfrreccf krf`jfs f cf `eltjluf `elvhrsjðl mh cf jmhf (bjpðthsjs) hl ces rh`urses pfrf suphrfrcf. Hc ljöe ljöe fprh fprhlm lmhh f tr trfv fvês ês mhc mhc oê oête teme me jl jlmu mu`t `tjv jvee ‐ mh mhmu mu`t `tjv jvee mh ie iero rouc ucf` f`jð jðll y vhrjij`f`jðl mh bjpðthsjs sedrh ces hchohltes quh `elstjtuyhl ces ihlðohles. ^er ce tflte hc `urrï`uce prhhs`ecfr mhdhræ kfrfltjzfr fc oæxjoe cfs `elmj`jelhs hl quh sh rhfcj`hl rhfcj`hl cfs hxphrj hxphrjhl` hl`jfs jfs phrselfc phrselfchs hs mh fghs, ojhltrf ojhltrfss quh hc Me`hlt Me`hlthh shræ hc hl`frkfme mh `eltrecfr y hl`fusfr hc `ele`jojhlte, hxphrjohltfc, jofkjlflme cfs sh`uhl`jfs mh mhs`udrjojhltes quh sjkuh hc ljöe hl su f``jelfr.
Ce quh sh trftf hs mh sus`jtfr hl hc ljöe ul hspïrjtu mh `urjesjmfm, `elijflzf hl su `eophthl`jf jlvhstjkftjvf, mhsphrtfr cf `el`jhl`jf mhc oulme hl hc quh vjvh y ierofr sus prepjfs jmhfs. ^er ce tflte ces `ele`jojhltes jlthkrfmes mhc `urrï`uce prhhs`ecfr bfl mh thlhr hl `uhltf7 Xl `fræ`thr pre`hsufc. Ces `elthljmes sh mhdhl prhshltfr mh oflhrf fdjhrtf, f oeme mh sfdhrhs prhhcfderfmes. Ph mhdhl prhshltfr `eoe jlthrrekfterjes, mhdh phrojtjr cf jlvhstjkf`jðl Ph mhdh phrojtjr rhvjvjr cfs hxphrjhl`jfs. Hc prjl`jpje mh Guhke7 Hc guhke hs hc oeme mh hxprhsjðl per hx`hchl`jf per pfrth mhc ljöe y sh hvjmhl`jf cf jlofmurhz lfturfc mh cf ljöhz. Hl hc guhke hc ljöe bf`h ce quh puhmh, quh hs ce quh mhdh bf`hr. ^er ce tflte hs cf f`tjvjmfm c÷mj`f, `eoe hc ohmje oæs hij`fz y khlhrfcjzfme hl cf `elsh`u`jðl mh cf ijlfcjmfm mh cf hmu`f`jðl prhhs`ecfr. @ELPH@XHL@JFP HMX@F]JYFP MHC ^TJL@J^JE MHC GXHKE ]THP MJOHLPJELHP
JL]HCH@]XFC FIH@]JYF PE@JFC Hc guhke sjodðcj`e f`t÷f mh ohmje hltrh cf Hc guhke rhprhshltftjve eirh`h pesjdjcjmfmhs Cf f`tj f`tjvj vjmf mfmm c÷ c÷mj mj`f `f f``jðl y cf rhprhshltf`jðl. Pu hvecu`jðl pfrf cf hmu`f`jðl fih`tjvf. Hc psj`eflæcjsjs ce sjodðcj`f hs hc ohmje pfsf mh hghr`j`je shlserjeoeter fc guhke utjc utjcjzf jzf `el ijlf ijlfcjm cjmfmh fmhss thrfpê thrfpêutj` utj`fs. fs. Hl hc jmðlhe pfrf sj sjod odðcj ðcj`e `e.. Hc ljö ljöee le puhm puhmhh ph phls lsfr fr hl guhke hc ljöe rhichgf sus ifltfsïfs, mhshes jltremu`jr fc ljöe hl fdstrf`te, pfrf cekrfrce pfrth mh ce quh vh, sus sus hx hxph phrj rjhl` hl`jf jfss vj vjvj vjmf mfs. s. ^er ^er ce qu quhh pe per r cf vjmf `eouljtfrjf. sjhlth, te`f, ofljpucf. Phræ per ohmje mhc ohmje mhc guhke hc M puhmh jr Zf qu quhh cf f`tjv f`tjvjm jmfm fm guhke quh jræ mhsfrreccælmesh `e `eop oprh rhlm lmjh jhlm lmee f`tj f`tjtu tumh mhss y `e `elm lmu` u`tf tfs, s, c÷mj`f hs ul pre`hse jlthch`tufcohlth. fyumflme f suphrfr mjij`uctfmhs fih`tjvfs y mh hmu`f`jðl jlshrte `ekljtjvfs. hl cf prepjf vjmf mhc ljöe y hs ulf f`tjvjmfm lfturfc.
Hc prjl`jpje mh jlthrês7 Hsth sh jmhltjij`f `el cf jlthl`jelfcjmfm mh cf f``jðl mhc ljöe. Htjoecðkj`fohlth jlthrês sjklji sjk ljij`f j`f –h –hst stfr fr - hltr hltrh‟ h‟ hc sughte y hc edghte. ^er ce quh fpultf fc shltjme mh fdser`jðl mhc sughte hl ulf f`tjvjmfm per hc vfcer quh hstf rhprhshltf pfrf êc. @el hc jlthrês e per hc jlthrês sh flucfl cfs mjstfl`jfs hltrh hc sughte y hc edghte.
= @frf`thrïstj`fs mhc jlthrês
6. Hchohlte mjlæoj`e e if`ter prepucsjve.... hc ljöe pelh mh ofljijhste sus jopucses shch`tjves e thlmhl`jfs f`tjvfs prhihrhl`jfchs. 4. Hchohlte edghtjve, hc ohmje e hlterle..... quh mhspjhrtf fijljmfmhs `el hxphrjhl`jfs
4 0
mh
y bædjte bædjtess prhvje prhvjess mhc sug sughte hte y quh sjrvhl sjrvhl `fusf fusf pfr frff ces ces luhv hves es
0. Hchohlte oetjvf`jelfc............................ hc ijl u edghtjv edghtjvee `eoe fcke quh peshh = `f `fpf pf`j `jmf mfmm pf pfrf rf jopu jopucs csfr fr ulf ulf f` f``j `jðl ðl =. Hchohlte sudghtjve................................. cf phr`hp`jðl per hc ljöe mhc sjkljij`fme e 8 vfcer vfcer phr phrsel selfc. fc. Hc ljö ljöee vh ces rhsuct rhsuctfme fmess y sus 9 pesj pe sjdc dchs hs fp fpcjcj`f `f`j `jel elhs hs y mh mhsp spjh jhrtf rtf su jlthrês. Hc jlthrês jlohmjfte sudyf`h hl cfs f``jelhs quh jlvecu`rf tetfcohlth fc sughte, hs mh`jr hc jlthrês per cf f``jðl y le per hc edghte y hste qujhrh mh`jr jlthrhsfrsh per cf f`tjvjmfm hl sj ojsof hl su prepje f`elth`hr. Hc futêltj`e jlthrês surkh `uflme hc ljöe hstfdch`h rhcf`jelhs e `elhxjelhs quh tjhlhl sjkljij`f` sjklj ij`f`jðl jðl pfrf hc, quh bfst bfstff hsh oeohlte le thlïf, thlïf, hs mh`jr fsï surkh hc jlthr jlthrês ês ohmjfme. Cf sftjsif``jðl phrselfc mh fc`flzf fc`flzfrr hc edghtjve per pfrth mhc ljöe hs sesthljme per hc jlthrês ohmjfme. Hltrh ces edghtjves f fc`flzfr bfy ul mhshe per fc`flzfr hc edghtjve y pfrf cekrfrce mhdh bf`hr ul hsiuhrze. Hc hsiuhrze le mhdh hx`hmhr cfs pesjdjcjmfmhs mhc sughte quh ce rhfcjzf, puhs hste throjlfrïf `el cf jopesjdjcjmfm mh cf f``jðl. Xl duhl Me`hlth sfdh pfutfr hxphrjhl`jfs mh fprhlmjzfghs hl `el`ermfl`jf `el hc jlthrês y cfs pesjdjcjmfmhs. ^rjl`jpje mh f`tjvjmfm fse`jfmf Cf hm hmu` u`f` f`jð jðll sð sðce ce pr prhp hpfr frff pfrf pfrf cf vj vjmf mf sj hccf hccf ojso ojsoff sh `e `elv lvjh jhrt rthh hl ulf ulf oj`r oj`res ese` e`jh jhmf mfmm `e `eep ephr hrft ftjv jvff hl cf quh quh hc ljöe ljöe sh jopc jopcj` j`ff mh mhsm smhh hxph hxphrj rjhl hl`j `jfs fs,, `eephrf`jðl, ht`êthrf, mhltre mh ul ermhl jlstjtu`jelfc. Hc fprhlmjzfgh se`jfc ce rhfcjzf hc ljöe hl hc ohmje se`jfc y hsth ohmje mhdh shr if`jcjtfmer `el hxphrjhl`jfs y sjtuf`jelhs se`jfchs prepj`jfs. Jl`jmhl`jf @urrj`ucfr7 Hl hsth ljvhc hc ljöe icu`t÷f hltrh cf sedrh-mhphlmhl`jf y cf jlmhphlmhl`jf hc hke`hltrjsoe y hc lfr`jsjsoe, sh premu`h ul oulme mh vjvhl`jfs quh puhmhl shr erjhltfmfs bf`jf hc mhsfrrecce se`jfc. Hghopces7 Mrfoftjzf`jðl mh sjtuf`jelhs mjfrjfs ^hrseljij`f`jðl mh rechs Guhkes `eopfrtjmes Yjsjtfs kujfmfs ^ethl`jfr cf futeleoïf
MJOHLPJEL @EKLJ]JYF @EKLJ]JYF Ofrje @frrhthre Hc mhsfrrecce `ekljtjve hltrh > y 4 föes. Hc oeme mh `ele`hr mhc ljöe mh prhhs`ecfr hstæ cjojtfme per sus hstru`turfs `ekljtjvfs. ^er ce tflte pfrf bfdcfr mh hmu`f`jðl prhhs`ecfr bfy quh thlhr hl `uhltf cf ]herïf ^jfkhtjflf. MHPFTTECCE @EKLJ]JYE HL HC PHLPETJEOE]ET PXDHP]FMJ PXDHP]FMJ PXDHP]FMJE E J (>-6o) E JJ (6-=o) JJJ (=-2O) Hghr`j Hghr `j`j `jes es mh Mhsfpfrh`hl su``jðl, cess rh ce rhicichg hges es y prhlsjðl. `eojhlzfl cfs @elmu`tf f``jelhs futeoætj`f vecultfrjfs sjl `eermjlfmfs, `eermjlf`jðl mh vs f``jelhs `eoe vhr, eïr, te`fr
PXDHP]FMJE JY (2-64O)
PXDHP]FMJE PXDHP]FMJ Y (64-62O) E YJ (62- 4=O) ^hrih``jelfojhlt ^hrih``jelfojhlt Mhs`udrjojhlte Jl Jlvh vhl` l`jð jðll mh e mh `eermjlf`jðl e mh cf mh ohmjes luhves ohmjes mh f``jelhs. phr phrofl oflhl` hl`jf jf mh luhves, f trfvê trfvêss mh cf ^uhmh bf`hr edghte edghtes. s. Fpfrh Fpfrh`h `h hxphrjohltf`jð jlthrjerjzf`jðl rhprhshltf`jelhs, cf `f `fpf pf`j `jmf mfmm mh l f`tjvf mh sus rh`uphrfr edghtes fltj`jpfr `eojhlzf f f``jelhs. tfpfmes f``jelhs f pfrtjr mjstjl mjstjlkujr kujr hltrh Fmqujsj`jðl mh pfr`jfcohlth. mh jlmj`jes. ohmjes y ijlhs. cf phroflhl`jf mh edghtes.
Hc M mhdh thlhr prhshlth per hghopce quh hc ljöe cekrf edthlhr edthlhr ul edghte e ijl yf le mh of oflh lhrf rf mj mjrh rh`t `tf, f, sj sjle le oh ohmj mjfm fmff pe perr et etre re ed edgh ghte, te, hc ed edgh ghte te jl jlth thro rohm hmje je `e `eoe oe bhrrfojhltf, hghr`jtfr hste per ohmje mh ulf `jltf ftflme fcke quh ch jlthrhsh fc ljöe hl cf pultf mh cf ojsof, hs ulf f`tjvjmfm quh jl`hltjvf y ifverh`h hc mhsfrrecce `ekljtjve mhc ojsoe, ojsoe, hsth tjpe mh f`tjvjmfm supelh ulf suphrf`jðl suphrf`jðl mh cf jlthcjkhl`jf jlthcjkhl`jf præ`tj`f pfrf cchvfr bf`jf ul rfzelfojhlte, quh vf oæs fccæ mh ces mftes mjrh`tes. Cf jlthcjkhl`jf mhc dhdê hs mh lfturfchzf præ`tj`f y per ce tflte sh mhsfrreccf hl cf ohmjmf quh puhmf jlthrf``jelfr mh oflhrf cjdrh, `eltjluf y prekrhsjvf. MHPFTTECCE Z F^THLMJWFGHP HL]TH 4 Z 9 FÖEP PXDHP]FMJE MH 4-= FÖEP PXDHP]FMJE MH =-9 FÖEP Hs mjiï`jc hstfdch`hr oêtemes hmu`ftjves Fmqujsj`jðl mh bfdjcjmfmhs mh rhprhshltf`jðl, hl hsth hstru`turfmes yf quh tjhlh f`tjvjmfmhs fsp fsph`t h`tee `el `eltrj trjduy duyhh hc chl chlkuf kufgh gh jl` jl`jpj jpjhlt hlthh h jop jophri hrih` h`te, te, cjdrhs, y le sh cekrf oflthlhr cf `eoe hc mjduge, cf jofkhl ohltfc, guhke sjodðcj`e y cf fthl`j fth l`jðl ðl ses sesthl thljmf jmf per ou` ou`be be tjh tjhope ope.. jojtf`jðl. ^er ce tflte `el rhcf`jðl f cf hmu`f`jðl mh hstf Etrf cjojtf`jðl hs hc hke`hltrjsoe vhrdfc ht htfp fpff mh mhdh dh sh shrr ou ouyy kc kced edfc fcjz jzfm fmff mh of oflh lhrf rf qu quhh ul ulf f h jlthch`tufc. f`tjvjmfm puhmf shrvjr pfrf `ufcqujhr fsph`te ohl`jelfme Ce quh hc ljöe puhmf fprhlmhr mhc ohmje mhphlmh mhc mhsfrrecce. Le dfstf `el rh`jdjr jlierof`jðl mhc ohmje sjle quh hc sughte mhdh hcfderfrcf.
Hc fgh `eoe pre`hse mh rherkfljzf`jðl `ekljtjvf, fsjojcf`jðl mh jlierof`jðl mhc ohmje y fc ojsoe tjhope f`eoemf`jðl f ces `ele`jojhltes quh prhvjfohlth thlïf suofmes f ces luhves. F hsth pre`hse sh `ele`h `eoe hqujcjdrf`jðl Ces `elicj`tes `ekljtjves `eoe iuhlth e oeter mh mhsfrrecce y per ce tflte `eoe iuhlth mh fghs.
^jfkht mjstjlkuh cfs sjkujhlths `elmu`tfs7 6. Fcif....... Hc sughte le sh mf `uhltf mh cf `eltrfmj``jðl y per ce tflte rhfcjzf cfs sjkujhlths `elmu`tfs @eophlsf`jðl, sh trftf mh `eophlsfr e flucfr cfs `eltrfmj``jelhs. 4. Dhtf. Dhtf..... .... Hs ulf `elmu`tf oæs hvecu`jelfmf y `elsjsth hl oemjij`fr hsquhofs prhvjes flth `eltrfmj``jelhs pcflthfmf. 0. Kfoof. quh phrojthl hc fgh.
Pel cfs oæs hvecu`jelfmfs, y hstfs gulte `el cfs dhtfs sel cfs
]jpes mh f`tjvjmfmhs7 Hc ljöe mh prhhs`ecfr jlthrf`t÷f `el ces edghtes quh ce remhfl mh = oflhrfs mjihrhlths.
F`t÷f sedrh ces edghtes y vh `eoe rhf``jelfl7 Hs Hsth th tj tjpe pe mh f`tjvjmfm hs cf oæs `eo÷l, hs lh`hsfrjf phre le suij`jhlth. F`t÷f sedrh ces edghtes pfrf premu`jr ul hih`te mhshfme7 ^er ohmje mh hstf f`tjvjmfm sh dus`f quh hc sughte mjihrhl`jh hltrh ohmjes y ijlhs. ]eoh `el`jhl`jf mh cf f``jðl y sh cekrf f ijlhs mh ces 4 föes. ]eof mh `el`jhl`jf mhc hih`te mhshfme7 Mh `ðoe sh bf cekrfme, quh rhichxjelh sedrh sus f``jelhs. ^er ohmje mh prhkultfs mjrh`tfs per hg. µ`ðoe bj`jsth tfc `esf5 Hxpcj`fr cf `fusf mh ce e`urrjme y edshrvfme7 Hc Hc Me`hlth mhdh shr jlqu jl qujs jsjm jmer er µpe perq rquuê5 Mhd hdhh sh shrr ulf pfc fcfd fdrrf oæk ækj` j`ff y pr prev eve` e`ffr `eltrfmj``jelhs e `elicj`tes `ekljtjves pfrf quh hc ljöe jlthlth fvflzfr `el cfs hxpcj`f`jelhs mh sjopch f `eopchgfs.
^frf jlj`jfr ulf f`tjvjmfm hs jopertflth oestrfrch fc ljöe ofthrjfc ftrf`tjve pfrf mhsphrtfr su jlthrês yf fthl`jðl. F ohmjmf quh sh fvflzf `el cf f`tjvjmfm sh jlthltfræ `ele`hr ce quh pjhlsf hc ljöe y utjcjzfr hsth `ele`jojhlte pfrf ulf ohger jlthrf``jðl `el hc edghte. Fc ijlfcjzfr cf f`tjvjmfm sh ifverh`hræ ifverh`hræ cf rhichxjðl mh oflhrf krupfc. ^jfkht le tuve hl `uhltf ces mjihrhlths hstjces `ekljtjves, quh sh mhijlhl `eoe7 Cf vfrjf`jðl jlmjvjmufc mh phr`jdjr, rh`ermfr, phlsfr e `eoe ierofs mjstjltfs mh fprhlmhr, fcof`hlfr, trflsierofr y hopchfr cf jlierof`jðl.
]J^EP @EKLJ]JYEP @EL]TEC LJYHCFOJHL]E- HP@XMTJÖFOJHL]E @EL@H^]XFCJWF@JÐL-E THP]J@]E- FKXMJWF@JÐL ]jhlh quh vhr `el cf @F]HKETJWF@JÐL ICHRJDCH Pel sughtes quh hx hxf` f`tjtjtu tumm mh cf hs hstjtjof of`j `jðl ðl Hs hc oeme `eoe hc sughte Hs cf `fpf`jmfm `eopfrfl jlierof`jðl quh hc sughte rhfcjzf, `c `cfs fsjijij` j`ff mh cf of oflh lhrf rf qu quh h mh ul sughte mhc pfsfme `el cf rh rhsp sph` h`te te f ce cess hs hstï tïo ouc uces es pfrhz`f oæs ephrftjvf y mh of oflt lthhlh lhr r f`tufc. Ces rh`jdjmes. ^er ce quh jopcj`f epertulf. Ces ljöes phquhöes su f`tjvjmfm fmechs`hlths fkumjzfl ulf duh duhlf lf `fp `fpf`j f`jmfm mfm pfr pfrf f `cf cfsj sjij ij``fl mh f` f`uh uhrm rmee `el `uflme sh cf cfss mj mjiihr hrhl hl`j `jfs fs,, ce ces s hxfojlfr `el prh rh``jsjðl `fr frff`t `thhrï rïst stjj`f `fss flf lfcïcïtj tj`f `fs s premu`h ulf ljöes mh 9 f jlthltfl jl jliier ero of` f`jð jðll vj vjhg hgff `el cf mhs`rjptjvfs. jlthrihrhl`jf. cf ljvhcf`jðl luhvf.
OÐMXCE JJJ. CHLKXF @ELMJ@JELHP MHC ^TEZH@]E FCIFDH]JWFMET7 @ELMJ@JELHP ^TE^XHP]FP MH ]TFDFGE HL HC FXCF ^FTF CF FCIFDH]JWF@JÐL HL CFP ÆTHFP MHC @XTTÏ@XCXO. J. Jltremu``jðl Jltremu``jðl.. Hl hc prjohr föe mh cf hs`ecfrjmfm sh premu`h per pfrth mh ces fcuoles y ful mh ces pfmrhs ul ihlðohle mh `el`hltrf`jðl mh hxph`tftjvfs rhsph`te mhc cekre mh ces fprhlmjzfghs vjl`ucfmes `el hc f``hse f cf hs`rjturf y ch`turf, rhsph`te mh ces etres fprhlmjzfghs mh cf hmu`f`jðl ierofc. ]fc `eoe sh hxpelh hl hc me`uohlte – Cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl jlj`jfc y cfs `elmj`jelhs pfrf cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl fvflzfmf‟, hs cf jlstfl`jf `el`rhtf mh cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl jlj`jfc melmh ces fcuoles tjhlhl cf epertuljmfm mh f``hmhr f ces `ele`jojhltes f`hr`f mh cf hs`rjturf `eoe pftrjoelje `ucturfc y `eoe sjsthof mh `eoulj`f`jðl, mh fprepjfrsh mhc sjsthof mh cf hs`rjturf y mh `ele`hr cfs pfrtj`ucfrjmfmhs mhc hstjce mhc chlkufgh hs`rjte. hs`rj te. Ces rh`urses rh`urses y cfs ohte ohtemec mecekïf ekïfs, s, mhd mhdhl hl fpcj`f fpcj`frsh rsh froðl froðlj`f j`fohl ohlth th hsp hsph`j h`jfco fcohlth hlth hl hc mhsfrrecce mh ces fsph`tes oæs oh`ælj`es mhc fprhlmjzfgh mhc sjsthof mh cf hs`rjturf, hvjtflme fsï cf `flfcjzf`jðl mh `ele`jojhlte, cf chltjij`f`jðl mhc fprhlmjzfgh y cf `rjstfcjzf`jðl mh hrrerhs `el`hptufchs. EDGH]JYEP @elstrujr hc `ele`jojhlte mh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf `eoe pftrjoelje `ucturfc ieroflme ch`terhs hl vhz mh erfcjzfmerhs mh chtrfs hs`rjtfs. @elstrujr hc `ele`jojhlte mhc sjsthof mh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf f trfvês mh cf Thichxjðl
Ohtf`ekljtjvf `ujmfmesfohlth kujfmf quh preouhvh cf ierof`jðl mh premu`terhs mh thxtes hs`rjtes. Jl`erperfr mhsmh ul `eojhlze cf hxphrjhl`jf hl terle mh ces hstjces y uses mh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf, hsph`jfcohlth hl cf rhcf`jðl `el hc f``hse f ces thxtes mh cf cjthrfturf , `eoe `elthljme hsph`ïij`e mhc ærhf mh Chlkuf. Mhsmh hc `eojhlze mh cf hs`ecfrjmfm, ces fcuoles mhdhl jl`erperfr cf jmhf mh quh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf hs ul jlstruohlte pemhrese pfrf f``hmhr f ces `fopes mhc `ele`jojhlte y quh fmhoæs `eltrjduyh mh oeme sustfltjve pfrf sjsthoftjzfr ces sfdhrhs, `elshrvfrces, `eopfrtjrces y trflsojtjrces. Hl hsth me`uohlte sh prhshltfs prepuhstfs mh hlshöflzf mh cfs mjstjltfs ærhfs `urrj`ucfrhs pfrf oestrfr `ðoe, f trfvês mhc mhspcjhkuh mh ces `elthljmes hsph`ïij`es mh `fmf ulf, temfs `eltrjduyhl fc cekre mh cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl.
JJ. ^repuhstfs mh trfdfge hl hc fucf pfrf cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl hl mjstjltfs ærhfs mhc `urrï`ucuo. Cf `cfsh mh chlkuf. F trfvês mh cf ch`turf mh `uhltes, hc me`hlth `elireltf f ces ljöes mjrh`tfohlth `el hc ofthrjfc hs`rjte. Fc chhrchs `uhltes hc me`hlth pesjdjcjtf cf pfrtj`jpf`jðl mh ces fcuoles hl sjtuf`jelhs kcedfchs mh `eltf`te `el ces thxtes, sjl hodfrke , suhchl thlhr mjij`uctfmhs pfrf `eopchgjzfr y f`rh`hltfr krfmufcohlth cf futeleoïf per pfrth mh ces fcuoles . Hc preyh`te fcifdhtjzfmer prepelh hstrfthkjfs pfrf frtj`ucfr hc fprhlmjzfgh mh ces `ele`jojhltes hl rhcf`jðl `el cf chlkuf hs`rjtf, `el hc fprhlmjzfgh mhc sjsthof mh hs`rjturf y `el hc `ele`jojhlte y fprepjf`jðl krfmufc mhc hstjce mh chlkufgh c hlkufgh hs`rjte. @EL]HLJMEP Cf ierof`jðl mh ch`terhs. Cf preoe`jðl mh cf rhichxjðl ohtf`ekljtjvf hl terle mh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf. Hc fdermfgh mhc `uhlte `eoe hxpelhlth mhc thxte cjthrfrje.
Ph prjv prjvjch jchkj kjff cf ch`tur ch`turff mh th thxt xtes es `eop `eopcht chtes es,, quh quh rh rh÷l ÷lfl fl `e `elm lmj` j`je jelhs lhs mh ch chkj kjdj djcjcjmf mfmm y ch`turfdjcjmfm. Hs ouy jopertflth quh hc me`hlth shch``jelh, pfrf hstfs prjohrfs ch`turfs, `uhlt `uhltes es dj djhl hl sh sh`u `uhl hl`j `jfm fmes es y hstr hstru` u`tur turfm fmes es,, `e `ell joæk joækhl hlhs hs qu quhh hlr hlrjq jquh uhz` z`fl fl hc th thxt xtee y `eltrjduyfl `el cf `eoprhlsjðl mh cfs pfcfdrfs , `el temes sus sjkles mh pultuf`jðl y ertekrfiïf , fmhoæs mh krfiïfs `elvhl`jelfchs. F trfvês mh cf hxpcerf`jðl mh cfs oæs vfrjfmfs ofr`fs thxtufchs, cjlkóïstj`fs y le cjlkóïstj`fs , ces fcuoles hstfdch`hl mhsmh hc `eojhlze ulf rhcf`jðl khlujlf `el cfs vhrmfmhrfs uljmfmhs mh `eoulj`f`jðl quh `jr`ucfl `jr `ucfl hl cf se`jhmfm. ^er cf hmfm mh ces ljöes, hs prhihrjdch jopchohltfr ou`bfs shsjelhs `ertfs h jlthlsfs, pfrf fprevh`bfr cf pesjdjcjmfm `el`rhtf mh fthl`jðl y mhsmh cuhke, hstfr phlsfmfs pfrf hc mhsfrrecce mh cfs ojsofs hl fc fucf `el cf kuïf mhc me`hlth. Ph mhdhl mjfkrfofr mjfkrfofr tfrh tfrhfs fs quh `elvequh `elvequhll fc fcuole, per ce ohles mjhz vh`hs vh`hs,, f dus`fr y edshrvfr hc `uhlte. ^rjohrf tfrhf7
Oestrfrch hc cjdre f ces ljöes, bf`hr quh edshrvhl cfs jcustrf`jelhs y fltj`jpfrchs hc tïtuce, f ijl mh quh ierouchl bjpðthsjs f`hr`f mh cfs pfcfdrfs quh ce `eopelhl. Ph chs pjmh quh mjdughl cf sjtuf`jðl e phrselfgh quh mf erjkhl fc tïtuce, shk÷l cfs jofkjlfl. ^rhshltfr cfs joækhlhs quh `elmhlsfl ces oeohltes oæs sjkljij`ftjves mh cf bjsterjf. Hc me`hlth `elmu`h cf edshrvf`jðl mhc fcuolfme pfrf quh rhichxjelhl f`hr`f mh quh `fmf `fmf jcjcust ustrf rf`jð `jðll per per shpf shpfrf rfme me,, le cek cekrf rf `e `elt ltfr fr cf bj bjst ster erjf jf,, y mh mhoe oest strf rfrr qu quhh hs joprhs`jlmjdch rh`uphrfr cf sh`uhl`jf `eopchtf mh cf joækhlhs pfrf `eoprhlmhr hc rhcfte. Mh hstf oflhrf hc me`hlth preouhvh hc jlthrês per cf bjsterjf hs`rjtf. Cf edshrvf`jðl mh cfs jcustrf`jelhs mhdhl fpultfr f cfs rhcf`jelhs hltrh ces phrselfghs, hc `elicj`te, `elicj` te, cfs htfpf htfpfss mh cf lfrrf` lfrrf`jðl jðl y cf rhsecu`jðl rhsecu`jðl.. Hstf f`tjvjm f`tjvjmfm fm erfc puhmh mhrjvf mhrjvfr r hl ul jlvhltfrje mh cfs pfcfdrfs leodrfmfs per ce fcuoles, y pfrf ofxjojzfr cf f`tjvjmfm hsth jlvhltfrje pemrïf phroflh`hr ``eckfme eckfme hl ul fij`bh, pfrf `elsuctf mh ces ljöes, bfstf ijlfcjzfr hc trfdfge `el hc thxte.
Ph pjmh f ces fcuoles quh lfrrhl erfcohlth hc `uhlte, sjkujhlme cfs jcustrf`jelhs. Hs `elvhljhlth quh sh krfdhl cfs mjstjltfs vhrsjelhs quh prepelhl ces fcuoles.
Phkulmf tfrhf7 Thchhr cf bjsterjf, `eohltfrce y `eopfrfrce `el ces `uhltes quh bfl lfrrfme f pfrtjr mh cf jofkhl. Ph prepelh quh ces fcuoles ce rhlfrrhl etrf vhz , hstf vhz, f pfrtjr mh ce hs`rjte, trftflme quh7
Th`uphrhl cf sh`uhl`jf y hc ermhl mh ces bh`bes, hc `elicj`te y cf sjtuf`jðl. Jmhltjijquhl f ces phrselfghs y sus fmghtjves `frf`thrjzfmerhs. Thpremuz`fl cfs iðroucfs y rhtfbïcfs (hstru`turfs rhphtjmfs). Thpremuz`fl cf hltelf`jðl sjkljij`ftjvf.
]hr`hrf tfrhf7 Hc edghtjve hs quh ces fcuoles prepelkfl ulf cjstf mh ces phrselfghs y cf hs`rjdfl hl hc pjzfrrðl y cuhke, jlmjvjmufcohlth, hl sus `ufmhrles `el cf fyumf mhc me`hlth, tfodjêl chs shrvjræ mh fyumf hc prjohr jlvhltfrje y hc `uhlte. Ces fcuoles dus`frfl phrselfghs e `esfs y mhdhræl ofr`fr `ufltfs vh`hs fpfrh`hl murflth hc mhsfrrecce mh cf bjsterjf. Cuhke, hl su `ufmhrle, mjdugfrfl y leodrfrfl f ces phrselfghs. Fsï sh trfd trfdfgfl fgfl cfs prjohrfs hxpcerf`jelhs pfrf cf hs`rjturf y cf ch`turf. @ufrtf tfrhf7 Hl cf of ofye yerï rïff mh ces `uh `uhlt ltes es ces ces ph phrs rsel elfg fghs hs,, pr prhk hkult ultfl fl,, `e `elth lthst stfl fl y mj mjfc fcek ekfl fl,, hstf hstf `frf`thrïstj`f fyumf f rhichxjelfr f ces fcuoles sedrh cf jopertfl`jf mhc mjæceke y hc use mh ces sjkles quh jlmj`fl `uflme bfdcf `fmf ule( mjge, prhkultð prhkultð,, rfyf mh mjæceke, mes pultes) hc ijl mhc mjæceke `el hc pulte. Ces fcuoles puhmhl dus`fr hstes sjkles y ofr`frces `el `ecer. Hc me`hlth kujflme cf edshrvf`jðl mh ces fcuoles bf`jf ces sjkles hs`rjtes, preoevjhlme fsï cf `el`jh `el `jhl`j l`jff kræ kræij` ij`f, f, mfm mfmee quh ces sjkles sjkles mh pultuf pultuf`jð `jðll y hlt hltelf elf`jð `jðll sel jlstru jlstru``j ``jelhs elhs kræij`fs pfrf erjhltfr cf ch`turf. Vujltf tfrhf7 Hl cf ofyerïf mh ces `uhltes, hl`eltrfoes –cftjkujcces‟, irfshs quh sh rhpjthl e quh sel usfmfs hx`cusjvfohlth per ul phrselfgh, fmhoæs mh iðroucfs quh tjhlhl hc prepðsjte mh ijgfr hc chlkufgh, ifverh`hr cf ohoerjzf`jðl mh hstru`turfs. Ces fcuoles mhdhræl dus`fr hstfs irfshs hl hc thxte, ofr`frcfs y trfls`rjdjrcfs hl su `ufmhrle. Hs jopertflth jopertflth quh hc me`hlth rhichxjel rhichxjelhh f`hr`f mhc `fræ `fræ`thr `thr f`tjve mh hstf sjtuf`j sjtuf`jðl ðl mh `epjf `epjf,, quh le hs ulf ohrf rhpremu``jðl oh`ælj`f, sjle quh hs premu`te ijlfc mh ulf d÷squhmf phrselfc y mh ul trfdfge mh ch`ter. Phxtf tfrhf7 F pfrtjr mhc mjæceke kujfme per hc me`hlth, ces fcuoles puhmhl jltremu`jr ulf luhvf sjtuf`jðl jls jlspjr pjrfmf fmf hl cfs f`` f``jel jelhs hs mhc `uhlte `uhlte.. Hl ul trfdf trfdfge ge krupf krupfcc rhiero rhieroucf ucfll cf bjste bjsterjf rjf y trfs hs`rjdjrcf hl hc pjzfrrðl, cf `epjfræl hl su `ufmhrle. Fquï ces fcuoles trflsijhrhl ce fprhlmjme f ulf luhvf sjtuf`jðl , `rhflme tfodjêl cf pesjdjcjmfm pesjdjcj mfm mh jltremu`jr luhvfs pfcfdrfs.
Pêptjof tfrhf7 Ph vuhcvh fc `uhlte, pfrf jmhltjij`fr cfs pfcfdrfs quh jlmj`fl f``jelhs. Ph puhmhl hl`hrrfr ces vhrdes `el `ecer y `eopelhr drhvhs erf`jelhs jl`cuyhlme ces leodrhs mh ces phrselfghs. Fquï sh cchvf f `fde ul prjohr trfdfge sedrh `eopesj`jðl. E`tfvf tfrhf7 Hl teme `uhlte bfy irfsh irfshss quh jlmj`f jlmj`fll hc pfse mhc tjhope, `elmj`j `elmj`jðl ðl jlbhrhlth f cf hstru`tur hstru`turf f mh cf lfrrf`jðl. @el cf fyumf mhc me`hlth, sh vuhcvh fc `uhlte pfrf jmhltjij`fr cfs pfcfdrfs e `elstru``jelhs quh jlmjquhl hc pfse mhc tjhope. Ph puhmhl rh`elstrujr cfs irfshs y rhfrofr cfs erf`jelhs hl krupe. Levhlf tfrhf7 Ph ie`fcjzf hc trfdfge `el cf `fthkerjzf`jðl mh cfs pfcfdrfs shk÷l su sjkljij`fme. Ph puhmhl bf`hr fkrupfojhltes `el cfs pfcfdrfs fprhlmjmfs7 leodrhs mh fljofchs, mh phrselfs, mh `esfs, `ufcjmfmhs quh ces mjstjlkuhl, quê bf`hl, cukfrhs ohl`jelfmes, edghtes leodrfmes. Mê`jof tfrhf7 Murflth cf hxpcerf`jðl, d÷squhmf y trfdfge sedrh cfs mjvhrsfs uljmfmhs mhc `uhlte, ces fcuoles bfl jme jl`erperfl krfl `fltjmfm mh pfcfdrfs y rhichxjelflme sedrh cf ierof mh hs`rjdjrcfs, sedrh sus iul`jelhs y sjkljij`fmes. Hl hstf tfrhf mh `jhrrh sh prepelh ulf sjsthoftjzf`jðl khlhrfc sedrh cf ierof mh hsfs pfcfdrfs quh cfs jlthkrh fc cêxj`e f`tjve quh ces fcuoles puhmhl usfr erfcohlth, chhr `el icujmhz y hs`rjdjr `errh`tfohlth. ^frf hcce sh sukjhrhl cfs sjkujhlths f`tjvjmfmhs7 Dus`fr ïlmj`hs `eoulhs7 pfcfdrfs quh hopjh`hl jkufc, pfcfdrfs `el hc ojsoe l÷ohre mh chtrfs e sïcfdfs. Bf`hr `ech``jelhs7 dus`fr cfs quh sel leodrhs mh fljofchs quh tjhlh hc ojsoe l÷ohre mh chtrfs e sïcfdfs e quh hopjhzfl `el cf ojsof chtrf. @el cf `ecfderf`jðl mhc me`hlth y utjcjzflme hc ve`fducfrje fprhlmjme, ces fcuoles, hl ierof krupfc, cf premu``jðl mh ul luhve `uhlte.
Mhspuês mh teme hsth trfdfge ces fcuoles bfl `elshkujme `eopertfrsh `eoe ch`terhs y hs`rjterhs perquh7 Dus`fl rhspuhstfs f cfs prhkultfs. Hcfderfl bjpðthsjs dfsfmfs hl su `ele`jojhlte mhc oulme y tfodjêl dfsfmfs hl su `ele`jojhlte mh cf jofkhl y , ful sj hs jl`jpjhlth jl`jpjhl th mh –ce hs`rjte‟. Ph sjrvhl mh pjstfs cjlkóïstj`fs y le cjlkóïstj`fs pfrf `elstrujr shltjme. Hstfdch`hl rhcf`jelhs hltrh su ch`turf, su hxphrjhl`jf y etrfs ch`turfs. Fltj`jpfl ce quh vf f shkujr f pfrtjr mh ce quh `eoprhlmhl. @elireltfl su pulte mh su pulte mh vjstf `el hc pulte mh vjstf quh pcflthf hc rhcfte. @eopfrfl hsf hs`rjturf `el etres hs`rjtes. Dus`fl Dus `fl pfc pfcfdr fdrfs, fs, jlt jlthlt hltfl fl prj prjohr ohrfs fs vhr vhrsje sjelhs lhs hl hc der derrfm rfmer er mh sus hs` hs`rjte rjtes, s, cfs `eohltfl y mjs`uthl `el sus `eopföhres y ofhstres(sus jlthrce`uterhs, sus ch`terhs). ]jhlh rfzelhs pfrf chhr, hs`rjdjr, ul cukfr `eoe ch`terhs y hs`rjterhs, mfme per su me`hlth y per ces ofthrjfchs `el ces quh trfdfgfl, quh chs phrojthl y gustjij`fl hstfs f`tjvjmfmhs.
Hc me`hlth f`t÷f `eoe erkfljzfmer y kuïf mh ces fprhlmjzfghs perquh7 Mjstrjduyh hc tjhope mhc trfdfge. Fyumf f ces fcuoles f –jlthrrekfr fc thxte‟, sjkljij sjkljij`f `f ojrfr fthltfohlth cfs cæojlfs y ces thxtes trftflme mh hxtrfhr cf ofyer `fltjmfm mh mftes pfrf fc`flzfr cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc thxte7 - Cf sh sh`uhl`j `uhl`jff lfrr lfrrftjvf ftjvf77 quê ssu`hmh, u`hmh, `uæc hs hc `el `elicj`te, icj`te, hltrh qqujêlhs ujêlhs sh pcf pcflthf lthf hhc c
ojsoe, mðlmh, `uælme, `ðoe throjlf. - ^hrselfghs7 hmfm, f`tjtumhs, prepðsjtes, rhcf`jelhs hltrh hcces, rfskes, vhstjohltf. Fodj Fodjhlth7 hlth7 sus `frf` `frf`thrïst thrïstj`fs, j`fs, ces leodr leodrhs hs mh ces edghte edghtes, s, su udj`f` udj`f`jðl jðl rhcftjvf rhcftjvf (fmhcflth, ftræs..) ftræs..) tfoföe, ierof y `ecer, su thxturf, pesjdchs ecerhs. - ^fse mhc tjhope y `fodje mh cukfr. - Phltjojhltes. Khlhrf mjæceke hl terle fc `uhlte. ^repelh f ces ljöes quh rhlfrrhl. Kuïf cf hs`u`bf mh hsfs premu``jelhs erfchs. Ces fyumf f dus`fr ul tïtuce sjkljij`ftjve pfrf hc `uhlte y f hs`rjdjrce. Fyumf f ces fcuoles hl cf d÷squhmf mh irfshs e pfcfdrfs y f cf hcfderf`jðl mh ve`fducfrje mh fpeye. Ces fyumf f frofr irfshs.
Hc ofhstre puhmh prhpfrfr rh`urses7 Begfs e fij`bhs `el ve`fducfrje. ^ækjlfs `el hc `uhlte `eopchte pfrf frofr ul pðsthr, hc `ufc phroflh`hræ hl hc fucf, pfrf rhfcjzfr cfs f`tjvjmfmhs `ech`tjvfs y pfrf if`jcjtfr hc f``hse mh ces ljöes fc thxte. Hsthh pcf Hst pcfll mh tfrhf tfrhfss le mhdh jlthr jlthrprh prhtfr tfrsh sh `eoe ul hsq hsquho uhoff rïkj rïkjme, me, sjl sjlee `eo `eoee ulj uljmfm mfmhs hs pretetïpj`fs mh cf lfrrftjvf mhstjlfmf f ces ljöes, quh `fmf me`hlth rhhstru`turfræ mh f`uhrme fc thxte `el`rhte. Hc tjpe mh hstrfthkjfs prepuhstfs, puhmhl erjhltfr hc trfdfge pfrf `elmu`jr f ces fcuoles , f trfvês mh pfses su`hsjves, bf`jf cf ch`turf y hs`rjturf futðleof f pfrtjr mh su `elireltf`jðl `el `ufcqujhr thxte mh cfs mjstjltfs ærhfs.
Cf `cfsh mh ofthoætj`f
Hc chlkufgh guhkf ul pfphc prhpelmhrflth hl cfs `cfshs mh ofthoætj`f, yf quh sh trfdfgf hl cf `eoulj`f`jðl y hl cf ftrjdu`jðl mh sjkljij`fme fc chlkufgh ofthoætj`e, f cf vhz quh sh hstæ `elstruyhlme hc shltjme mh ces mjstjltes `elthljmes ofthoætj`es. Hl ul `eojhlze, cf `elsjklf mhc trfdfge –jlmjquhl `el `uæc e `uæchs mh hstes `æc`uces rhsecvhrïfl ule mh hstes predchofs‟ sh puhmh pcflthfr mh oflhrf jlmjvjmufc pre`urflme quh pe pelk lkfl fl hl guhk guhkee ce cess `ele `ele`jo `jojhl jhlte tess fm fmqu qujrj jrjme mess pfrf pfrf cf se secu` cu`jð jðll mh mhcc pr pred edcho chof. f. Pj hstf hstf prhshltf`jðl sh rhfcjzf sjl mfr hxpcj`f`jelhs erfchs fmj`jelfchs fc `elgulte mh cf `cfsh, `fmf fcuole puhmh f`tufr hl iul`jðl mh su jlthrprhtf`jðl mh ce chïme y `elstrujr ulf rhprhshltf`jðl mh cf tfrhf f rhfcjzfr quh ch phrojtf pelhrcf hl ofr`bf y hvhltufcohlth frrjdfr f ulf rhspuhstf. Cf mjij`uctfm quh suhchl hl`eltrfr le hstf rhcf`jelfmf `el cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc thxte sjle hl cf hch``jðl mh quê oemhce e oemhces ofthoætj`es phrojthl rhsecvhr hc predchof. Hl hsth `fse hc rh`ele`jojhlte mh ces mftes le prhshltf mjij`uctfm puhs le sh jl`cuyhl mftes jrrhchvflths, jlsuij`jhlths e `eltrfmj`terjes, ht`.
Mhdhrïf mfrsh ulf f`hrtfmf fcthrlfl` Mhdhrïf fcthrlfl`jf jf hltrh cfs f`tjvj f`tjvjmfmhs mfmhs jlmjvjmufchs jlmjvjmufchs y cfs krupfchs. Hstf erkfljzf`jð erkflj zf`jðll ifverh`h cf `eoulj`f`jðl erfc mh pre`hmjojhltes y rhsuctfmes `eoe fsï tfodjêl cf `elireltf`jðl hltrh mjihrhlths pultes mh vjstf. vjstf. Hl fckules `fses, sh puhmh frrjdfr fc rhsuctfme f trfvês mh mjstjltes oemhces, hs `elvhljhlth quh hc me`hlth vfcerj`h mh jkufc oeme temfs cfs premu``jelhs y murflth cfs f`tjvjmfmhs krupfc kru pfchs hs mfr cuk cukfr fr f cf prh prhshlt shltf`j f`jðl ðl y hxp hxpcj` cj`f`j f`jðl ðl mh ces pre pre`hm `hmjoj jojhlt hltes es fpc fpcj`f j`fmes mes,, hs rh`eohlmfdch ces fcuoles f mfrsus rfze rfzelhs lhs mhy sus ce rhf rhfcjz cjzfme fme, quh chshlphrojtjræ vecvhr sedrh ce fljofr quh bflfphlsfme, y flfcjzfr f`jhrtes hrrerhs. Hl, ce cf puhstf `eo÷l hc me`hlt me`hlthh pre preoev oevhræ hræ cf mjs mjs`us `usjðl jðl sed sedrh rh cfs rhs rhsecu ecu`je `jelhs lhs pre premu` mu`jmf jmfs, s, cf rfz rfzelf elfdjcj djcjmfm mfm e hxf`tjtum mh ces rhsuctfmes, `eoe fsï tfodjêl phrojtjræ fgustfr ces sjkljij`fmes ftrjdujmes per `fmf fcuole f ces thxtes prhshltfmes. Hs lh`hsfrje quh murflth hc mhsfrrecce mh cf `cfsh hc me`hlth hstfdchz`f `elhxjelhs hltrh cfs le`jelhs y ces pre`hmjojhltes y hc sfdhr ofthoætj`e fc quh sh fpultf. Cf puhstf hl `eo÷l mf cf pesjdjcjmfm mh quh ces fcuoles `el`hptufcj`hl ces `ele`jojhltes utjcjzfmes murflth hc hghr`j`je y vfcerhl hc jlthr`fodje `el etres pfrf pfrf su `elstru``jðl. Thsuctf hshl`jfc quh hl hc `jhrrh sh mhstfquhl ces `elthljmes trfdfgfmes. Xlf f`tjvjmfm pesjdch pfrf mhsfrreccfr7 Xlf vjsjtf f ul `eohr`je, fyumf f ces fcuoles f –chhr‟ jlierof`jðl ofthoætj`f. Hsth `elthxte ifverh`h f rh`ele`hr ces mjstjltes uses mh ces l÷ohres, `frthchs mh prh`jes, berfrjes mhc `eohr`je, l÷ohre pfrf shr fthlmjme... Cuhke sh prepelmræ fc krupe erkfljzfr ul `eohr`je sjoucfme. Cf rhfcjzf`jðl mh cfs f`tjvjmfmhs, ces cchvfræ f –hs`rjdjr‟ pfrf `eoulj`fr e rhkjstrfr `fltjmfmhs , cjstfs, `frthchs, `bhquhs, ht`. Cf sjtuf`jðl mh cf `eoprf y vhltf phrojtjræ trfdfgfr sedrh ces mjstjltes sjkljij`fmes mh cf suof suof y cf rh rhst stff `el ces l÷ohres lfturfchs, uljr , qujtfr, mjihrhl`jf, `eopchohlte. Ces fcuoles jræl jl`rhohltflme hc shltjme mh hstfs ephrf`jelhs ofthoætj`fs f trfvês mh cf rhsecu`jðl mh mjstjltfs sjtuf`jelhs, per hghopce oflhgfr mjlhre mh oflhrf hih`tjvf. Ces fcuoles puhmhl rhsecvhr ou`bfs sjtuf`jelhs sjl lh`hsjmfm mh utjcjzfr cfs ephrf`jelhs ofthoætj`f oftho ætj`fss `elvhl` `elvhl`jelfch jelfchs, s, vfcjêlm vfcjêlmesh esh mh ulf krfl vfrjhmfm mh pre`hmjojhltes y mjstjltfs rhprhshltf`jelhs jl`cujmf cf luoêrj`f. Hs lh`hsfrje quh hc me`hlth prepelkf hc flæcjsjs mh ces mjihrhlths pre`hmjojhltes y cfs secu`jelhs thljhlme hl `uhltf quh `fmf fcuole rhsuh hsuhcv cvhh shk hk÷l ÷l ces ces `ele `ele`j `joj ojhl hlte tess mh ces ces quh quh mjsp mjspel elh. h. Ce Cess fcu cuol oles es premu`jræl rhprhshlt rhprhs hltf`j f`jelh elhs, s, jlt jlthrp hrprht rhtfræ fræl l rhp rhprhs rhshlt hltf`j f`jelh elhss `el `elstr strujm ujmfs fs per etr etres es y cfs `elireltfræl `el cf letf`jðl `elvhl`jelfc. `elvhl`jelfc. Hc me`hlth mhdh mhdh fpultfr f cf rhsecu`jðl y ieroucf`jðl ieroucf`jðl mh predchof predchofs, s, pfrf hsth ijl, sh mhdhl pcflthfr sjtuf`jelhs, `eoe shr7 cf shch``jðl mh mftes pfrf rhspelmhr cf prhkultf. ^cflthe mh prhkultfs prhku ltfs hl rhcf`jðl mh ces mftes. ^cf ^cflthfr lthfr `æc`uces `æc`uces y dus`fr `uæc hs cf rhspuhst rhspuhstff quh ule jlthltf rhspelmhr, flfcjzfr prhkultfs hl iul`jðl mh sj sh puhmhl e le rhspelmhr f pfrtjr mh ces mftes `el ces quh sh `uhltf. Hc trfdfge mhc me`hlth fpultf f cf `elstru``jðl mh sjkljij`fmes mhc chlkufgh ofthoætj`e y preoevhr cf `elstru``jðl mh ulf dfthrïf mh `æc`uces ohltfchs, fpultflme per ul cfme f cf ohoerjzf`jðl mh `jhrtes rhphrterjes y per hc etre f cf `elstru``jðl mh pre`hmjojhltes oæs `eopchges. Cf `cfsh mh `jhl`jfs se`jfchs
^er trftfrsh mh ljöes phquhöes, hc `ele`jojhlte mh cf se`jhmfm sh bfræ f trfvês mh ulf hltrfmf f cf vjmf `etjmjflf, pfrtj`ucfrohlth f cf vjmf ifojcjfr mh fck÷l krupe se`jfc `el`rhte y sh edshrvfræl sus fsph`tes h`elðoj`es, `ucturfchs y se`jfchs hsph`ïij`es. F`tjvjmfm prepuhstf7 6. Ph hs` hs`ekh ekh ul ssu`hse, u`hse, per hgho hghopce pce hc ihlðoh ihlðohle le mh cf rfmje hhll ces ==>. >. 4. Ph pre` pre`urf urf f`eo f`eopföfr pföfr `e `ell cæojlf cæojlfss e ietekr ietekrfiïfs, fiïfs, uulf lf lfrrf lfrrf`jðl `jðl erf erfcc jltrem jltremu`terjf u`terjf.. 0. prh Thf Thfihrjdc cjcjzzfr ullth,^,rey reybf` h` h`te te mh `er tr trfd fdffpelmhr ge, ge, mhrmesji es jij` j`fl flme me `el cf jl jlie rof fh`te `j `jðl ðle mh hlcf `fpï `f pïtu tuce ces, s, prhihr jdchoh hohlth bf`jhl jhlme me `errhs rhspel `fmf ule uliero fsp fsph`t se` se`jhm jhmfm fm hstumjfmf. =. Th Ths` s`ft ftfr fr ces ces fs fsph ph`t `tes es quh cekr cekrfl fl `fp `fptf tfrr cf fthl fthl`j `jðl ðl mh ce cess ljö ljöes es y kr krfi fij`f j`frce rcess e rhprem rhp remu`j u`jrces rces hl ul fij fij`bh `bh,, pfr pfrff shr usfme usfmess `eo `eoee mjs mjspfr pfrfme fmerhs rhs mh d÷s d÷squh quhmf mf mh jlierof`jðl. 8. Thfcjz Thfcjzfr fr ul ddfl`e fl`e mh joæ joækhlhs, khlhs, pfrf quh ces ljöes sh jcus jcustrhl trhl ff`hr`f `hr`f mh cf vhs vhstjohl tjohltf, tf, cf th`lecekïf ht`. 9. Dus Dus`fr `fr th thstj stjoel oeljes jes mh pr pretf etfkel keljst jstfs, fs, per hg hghop hopce, ce, hl hltrhv trhvjst jstfr fr f ul fduhce fduhce quh bf bfyf yf sjme ljöe e gevhl hl ces => y quh les rhcfth hc iurer mhc lf`jojhlte mh cf rfmje. ;. ^re ^reoev oevhr hr cf jlm jlmfkf fkf`jð `jðl, l, f trfv trfvês ês mh cf `e `elih` lih``jð `jðll mh ul `uh `uhstj stjelf elfrje rje y shch shch``j ``jðl ðl y `cfsjij`f`jðl mh prhkultfs. 2. Mjfce Mjfcekfr kfr sed sedrh rh hc th thof, of, y hl oflh oflhrf rf krup krupfc fc hcf hcfderfr derfr pphquhöe hquhöess thxte thxtes. s. :. F trfv trfvês ês mh jcjcus ustrf trf`j `jelh elhs, s, kujf kujfrr f ces ces ljöe ljöess f `e `eop opfr frfr fr sjt sjtuf uf`j `jelh elhss flæc flæcek ekfs fs mh mhc c prhshlth y mh ces =>. Hstf f`tjvjmfm if`jcjtf cf `elstru``jðl mh le`jelhs rhihrjmfs f ces `el`hptes mh `fodje y `eltjlujmfm hl cfs se`jhmfmhs. 6>. Thkjs Thkjstrfr trfr `fodj `fodjes es y `eltjlujmfm `eltjlujmfmhs hs hl ulf Cïlhf mh tjhope. 66. ^remu ^remu``jðl ``jðl mh thxtes mhs`rjpt mhs`rjptjves jves drhvhs rhfcjz rhfcjzfmes fmes `elgult `elgultfohlth fohlth hltrh fcuole fcuoless y me`hlth. Etrf ep`jðl, hs hc flæcjsjs mh edghtes mh use meohstj`e, guhkes, gukuhths, ÷tjchs mh cf êpe`f y `el cf kuïf mhc me`hlth ce flfcjzfræl y `elih``jelfræl tfrghtfs ij`bfs tê`lj`fs7 mftes, erjkhl, use, prepjhtfrje ht`. Xlf gerlfmf mh guhkes rh`rhflme f ces mh cf êpe`f mh hstumje, e cf rhfcjzf`jðl mh ul oushe mh edghtes , puhmh `elstjtujr hc `jhrrh mh cf prepuhstf mh trfdfge. Cf `cfsh mh @jhl`jfs Lfturfchs
^frf quh ces ljöes `elstruyfl jmhfs f`hr`f mh cf mjvhrsjmfm fljofc y vhkhtfc, mh ces `rjthrjes mh `cfsjij`f`jðl mh ces ojsoes, mh cfs shohgflzfs y mjihrhl`jfs, sðce f ljvhc oeriecðkj`e, sjle tfodjêl hl sus fmfptf`jelhs, `eopertfojhltes, rhspuhstfs rhspuhstfs f hstïouces. Hstes mftes ``ecfderfl ecfderfl hl cf `elstru``jðl mhc oemhce mh shr vjve. Cf rhfcjzf`jðl mh ulf hxphrjhl`jf fcifdhtjzfmerf `eoe ulf sfcjmf mh `fope, pfrf `frf`thrjzfr ul fodjhlth lfturfc, f trfvês mh cf edshrvf`jðl y hc rhkjstre rh kjstre sjsthoætj`e. Hc mjshöe mh cf f`tjvjmfm, mhdh fpultfr f ces edghtjves y `elthljmes mjihrhlths, quh sh qujhrhl mhsfrreccfr y murflth quê oeohlte mh cf hx`ursjðl sh rhfcjzfræl. ^rhvje f cf hx`ursjðl, hc me`hlth mhdh rhfcjzfr ul rhchvfojhlte mhc cukfr hchkjme, trfs `elshkujr temf jlierof`jðl lh`hsfrjf pfrf erjhltfr f sus fcuoles y pcfljij`fr cfs f`tjvjmfmhs.
Hc me`hlth preouhvh quh ces fcuoles pcflthhl sus hxph`tftjvfs y hxpelkfl sus jmhfs prhvjfs y frofl gultes ul prjohr ofpf `el`hptufc , jl`cuyhlme fckulfs `fthkerïfs sjopchs `eoe pcfltfs, fljofchs, ofthrjfchs y edghtes. Hstf prjohrf fprexjof`jðl quh sjsthoftjzf cfs jmhfs jltujtjvfs y `ele`jojhltes mh ces ljöes shræ rhteofmf cuhke mh cf sfcjmf. Hs ouy jopertflth quh chs `eohlth f ces fcuoles cfs rfzelhs mh su hch``jðl y ces edghtjves mh fprhlmjzfgh sh mh prepelh, rhkjstre `elgulte mhc –pcfl f``jðl‟, sh puhmh vec`fr hl ulfquh cïlhf tjhopebf`jhlme quh rh`egfulces mjstjltes oeohltes mh cf mh sfcjmf y sus quh prepðsjtes. Cuhke hc me`hlth me`hlth ierof krupes , chh y hxpcj`f mhthljmfohlth cf kuïf mh edshrvf`jelhs , hl hc `fse mh ces ljöes quh le sfdhl chhr, cfs fyumfs shræl kræij`fs y cfs `elsjklfs `elstfræl mh ul sece pfse. Cf edshrvf`jðl shræ kujfmf per hc me`hlth, qujhl `ecfderfræ `el ces fcuoles hl hc fucf. Hs lh`hsfrje mhgfr `cfrfs cfs lerofs mh `eopertfojhlte, murflth cf sfcjmf. Mhsfrrecce mh cf sfcjmf. F`tjvjmfmhs mh edshrvf`jðl fphcflme f temes ces shltjmes. Hs ouy ÷tjc f`eopföfr cfs edshrvf`jelhs `el rhkjstres, vïmhe, ietekrfiïfs, krfdfmerhs, pfrf frofr ul pfjsfgh selere. Hc me`hlth prepelh f ces ljöes bf`hr cjstf f pfrtjr mh cf jmhltjij`f`jðl mhc ofyer
l÷ohre pesjdch pesjdch mh shrhs vjves mjihrhlths. Hs jopertflth quh hc me`hlt me`hlthh chs ofrq ofrquh uh cfs ierofs mh fkrupfr cfs pcfltfs y ces fljofchs, tfodjêl flth cf jl`cusjðl mh ul luhve têrojle fyumfr f cf `el`hptufcjzf`jðl mhc ojsoe. Fyumfr f cf jmhltjij`f`jðl mh rfstres mhgfmes per ces fljofchs, ofmrjkuhrfs, be bero rojk jkuh uhre res, s, ecer ecerhs hs,, bh`h bh`hs, s, irut irutes es ht ht`. `. Hs hc oe oeoh ohlt ltee mh mj mjih ihrh rhl` l`jf jfrr ce ces s `eopertfojhltes jlmjvjmufchs mh `fmf hsph`jh, bædjtes fcjohltj`jes, rhpremu`tjves, mh mhihlsf ht`. Ph rh`epjcfræ temf cf jlierof`jðl pesjdch f trfvês mh mjduges fc lfturfc, rhkjstres ietekræij`es, vïmhe e hs`rjtes. Dfsfmes hl cf kuïf mh edshrvf`jðl, mjshöfmf per hc me`hlth.
Mhspuês mh cf sfcjmf
Pjsthoftjzfrr y `eoulj`f Pjsthoftjzf `eoulj`frr temf cf jlierof`jðl rh`ek rh`ekjmf jmf y erkfljzfr erkfljzfr ces jlvhlt jlvhltfrjes frjes mh pcfltfs y fljofchs, fsï `eoe ces rhkjstres. Thhcfderfr hc prjohr ofpf `el`hptufc, hlrjquh`hrce y `errhkjrce, `elsjkujhlme fsï ul shkulme ofpf quh `eopjch teme ce fprh fp rhlm lmjm jme. e. Ph fö föfm fmjræ jræ tfod tfodjê jêll th thxt xtes es drhv drhvhs hs jl jlie iero roft ftjv jves es y sh hx hxpe pelmr lmrææ cf jlierof`jðl `eopjcfmf hl ul ourfc e iecchte sedrh hc cukfr vjsjtfme. ^ultufcjzfr hc tjpe mh f``jelhs y oemjij`f`jelhs premu`jmfs per hc beodrh. Hcfderfr ul rhphrterje mh f`tjtumhs pesjdchs, mh `ujmfmes pesjdchs y prhshrvf`jðl.
Cf `cfsh mh Ierof`jðl Êtj`f y @jumfmflf Xle mh ces prepðsjtes mh hstf fsjklfturf hs quh ces fcuoles rh`elez`fl mjstjltes fsph`tes mh cf f``jðl oerfc. Phöfcfr hc oetjve, ces ijlhs, ces ohmjes, ces rhsuctfmes y cfs `elsh`uhl`jfs mh cfs f``jelhs. Oetjve hs hs fquhcce quh jopucsf f f`tufr mh ulf oflhrf e f pphrshkujr hrshkujr mhthrojlfme ijl. ijl.
Ijl hs fquhcce quh sh phrsjkuh y supelh cf hch``jðl mh ces ohmjes pfrf fc`flzfrce. Thsuctfme `el`rhte `el`rhte mh cf f``jðl puhmh le `ejl`jmjr `el su fltj`jpf`jðl. @elsh`uhl`jfs , vfl oæs fccæ mh su rhsuctfme `el`rhte y sel joprhvjstfs. ^frf hc trftfojhlte mh hstfs `uhstjelhs hs rh`eohlmfdch rh`urrjr f cf lfrrf`jðl, cf `ufc ifverh`h cf rhichxjðl mh ces fcuoles sedrh cf `eopchgjmfm mh cf f``jðl oerfc. @elsjmhrflme quh ulf mh cfs `elmj`jelhs quh ifverh`hl cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl hs hc `eltf`te `el ces thxtes, jopertflth trfdfgfr hs murflth cf `cfsh.quh ces fcuoles thlkfl f``hse fc thxte quh utjcj`h hc me`hlth pfrf Fc ijlfc mh cf ch`turf, hc me`hlth rhfcjzfræ rhieroucf`jelhs, jl`cuyhlme cfs jlthrprhtf`jelhs mh ces ljöes, f trfvês fckulfs hstrfthkjfs7 F`hltufr cfs pfrths quh shfl jl`ebhrhlths e pe`e `cfrfs. Thieroucfr ulf vhrsjðl oæs ermhlfmf mh ce quh sh bf mj`be, shöfcflme `el cf jlichxjðl mh vez y khste cf pfrth rhhopcfzfmf. Oflthlhr sjchl`je hl ces oeohltes `cfvh, pfrf secj`jtfr cf jlthrvhl`jðl mh etre fcuole e fljofr fc quh thljf cf pfcfdrf f rfzelfr sedrh ce c e quh bf mj`be. Thieroucfr hl tele mh prhkultf. Jlvjtfr f cf hcfderf`jðl. ^frf oflthlhr cf icujmhz y rjquhzf mh ces jlthr`fodjes, hs lh`hsfrje hvjtfr cfs jopesj`jelhs quh
jlthrruophl hc pre`hse mh phlsfojhlte mhc fcuole. Cf Cfss jl jlth thrp rprht rhtf` f`je jelhs lhs puhm puhmhl hl sh shrr tf tfll vf vfrjf rjfmf mfss `eoe `eoe cfs cfs pe pesj` sj`je jelh lhss mh ce cess fcuo fcuole les, s, sh rh`eojhlmf ulf f`tjvjmfm melmh hc fcuole rhierouch cf lfrrf`jðl, hl`eltrflme ul luhve ijlfc, e le, phre hxpeljhlme su pulte mh vjstf. Hl ces `fses hl quh hc fcuolfme, le peshhl futeleoïf hl cfs tfrhfs mh ch`turf y hs`rjturf, hstfs ÷ctjofs rh`fhræl hl hc me`hlth, pfrf shr utjcjzfmf epertulfohlth. CF FCI FCIFDH FDH]J ]JWF@ WF@JÐL JÐL JLJ@J JLJ@JFC FC Z CFP @EL @ELMJ@ MJ@JEL JELHP HP ^F ^FTF TF CF FCI FCIFDH FDH]JW ]JWF@J F@JÐL ÐL FYFLWFMF. J. Jltremu``jðl Cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl le hs ulf fmqujsj`jðl lfturfc , sjle hc fprhlmjzfgh mh ul sjsthof y cfs hstrfthkjfs mh use mh ul premu`te `ucturfc, cf chlkuf hs`rjtf. Pu mhsfrrecce mhphlmh mh `jr`ulstfl`jfs se`jfchs y `ucturfchs, `elstjtuyh ul pre`hse se`jfc, quh tjhlh su jlj`je hl hc hlterle prjofrje mhc ljöe y pfucftjlfohlth sh vf fopcjflme . ^frf kfrfltjzfr cf mjstrjdu`jðl mhc `ele`jojhlte, mhdhl suphrfrsh cfs mhsjkufcmfmhs mh pfrtjmf mh ces hlterles se`jfchs, pfrf hcce hs lh`hsfrje ul preyh`te `el jlthl`jelfcjmfm pecïtj`f y phmfkðkj`f, hl êsth sh mhstf`f hc rec mh cf hs`uhcf y hc me`hlth, quh mjshöfl h jopchohltfl hc preyh`te fcifdhtjzfmer . Ces ofr`es `urrj`ucfrhs gurjsmj``jelfchs hstfdch`hl ces `elthljmes y rh`eohlmf`jelhs khlhrfchs pfrf cchvfr f `fde hc preyh`te, thljhlme hl `uhltf cfs iuhlths mh jlierof`jðl, prevhljhlths mh cfs hs` hs`uhc uhcfs( fs(rhk rhkjstr jstres, es, `uf `ufmhr mhrles les,, pru pruhdf hdfss ht` ht`.) .) pfr pfrff hvf hvfcuf cufrr cf `fm `fmu`jm u`jmfm fm mh fck fckulf ulfs s ohtemecekïfs y kfrfltjzfr ces sfdhrhs dæ dæsj`es sj`es pfrf fp fprhlmhr rhlmhr f hs`rjdjr y chhr `el futeleoïf hl hc pcfze mh cf hs`ecfrjmfm dæsj`f. Ces ofyerhs ïlmj`hs ïlmj`h mh irf`f irf`fse se hl oæs ces prjohres föes mh hs`ecfrjmf hs`ecfrjmfm m sh premu`hl ces ljöes prevhljhlths mh cfss`cfshs se`jfchs dfgfs. Ces hs`fses cekres, tjhlh ul hih`te hl f`uoucftjve
quh `elmj`jelf tflte cf trfyh`terjf mh ces ljöes mhltre mhc sjsthof hs`ecfr `eoe hl ces pre`hses se`jfchs. Hl hc me`uohlte –Fcifdhtjzf`jðl pfrf temes‟ mh lf`jelhs Xljmfs, sh hxprhsf cf lh`hsjmfm mh drjlmfr f hstes ljöes , ces rh`urses buofles oæs `fcjij`fmes. JJ. Fcifdhtjzf`jðl Mhijlj`jðl. Flfcifdhtjsoe pure y iul`jelfc Mjvhrsfs mhijlj`jelhs `ejl`jmhl hl quh hstfr fcifdhtjzfme bey hs mjspelhr mh ul `eltjluuo mh bfdjcjmfmhs mh mh ch`turf y hs`rjturf, `æc`uce y luohrf`jðl fpcj`fmes f ul `elthxte se`jfc. ]fodjêl jlmhphlmjhlthohlth mhc `elthxte se`jfc quh cfs mhoflmhl, hsfs bfdjcjmfmhs sh cekrfl mhspuês mh me`h föes mh hs`ecfrjmfm. Hs flfcifdhtf purf cf phrself quh le puhmh chhr y hs`rjdjr ces thxtes lh`hsfrjes pfrf mhshophöfrsh hl ul `elthxte se`jfc. Flfcifdhte iul`jelfc hs cf phrself quh pjhrmh cf `fpf`jmfm mh chhr y hs`rjdjr per mhsuse e mhij`jhlth fprepjf`jðl mh mj`bfs bfdjcjmfmhs. Hc mhchtrhe, cf jl`eoprhlsjðl e cf `eoprhlsjðl irfkohltfrj irfko hltfrjff mhc hs`rjte y cf jl`fpf`jm jl`fpf`jmfm fm mh khstje khstjelfr lfr cf prepjf hs`rjtu hs`rjturf, rf, suhchl mhrjvfr hl cf ofrkjlf`jðl se`jfc. Fcifdhtjzf`jðl jlj`jfc jlj`jfc y fvflzfmf Cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl frtj`ucf mes pre`hses. Hc prjohre hc jlkrhse fc meojlje mh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf, prjohr `j`ce e fcifdhtjzf`jðl jlj`jfc. Hc shkulme pre`hse, cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl fvflzfmf , sh hltjhlmh per hc meojlje mh ces pre`hses mh `e `eop oprh rhls lsjð jðll y iero ierofs fs mh prem premu` u``j `jðl ðl mh th thxt xtes es mh `j `jr` r`ucf ucf`jð `jðll se se`jf `jfcc qu quhh pe pesj sjdj djcjt cjtfl fl hc mhshophöe futðleoe y bfdjcjtf f f`rh`hltfr hc fprhlmjzfgh hl etres `fopes. @uflme sh bfdcf mh –jchtrjsoe‟, sh bf`h rhihrhl`jf f cf jl`eopchtjtum hl cf fprepjf`jðl mh cf `ucturf hs`rjtf y mh cf ifctf mh futeleoïf quh êstf rhqujhrh. Cf erfcjmfm erfcjmfm (bfd (bfdcf cf y hs` hs`u`bf u`bf)) sh vh oem oemjij` jij`fmf fmf y phr phrih` ih``je `jelfm lfmff murf murflth lth hc pre pre`hs `hsee mh fcifdhtjzf`jðl, mhrjvflme fsï hl cf erfcjmfm sh`ulmfrjf. Cfs mjs`eltjlujmfmhs hltrh bekfr y hs`uhcf `elstjtuyhl ul shrje edstæ`uce pfrf cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl jlj`jfc. Etrf jlstfl`jf `rïtj`f quh `eltrjduyh fc irf`fse mh cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl y mhc sjsthof hmu`ftjve sh rhcf`jelf `el cf mhij`jhlth fthl`jðl f cf mjvhrsjmfm fc le pemhr mfr rhspuhstf f ul fcuolfme `ufltjtftjvfohlth y `ufcjtftjvfohlth pcurj`ucturfc, mhdjme f cf kcedfcjzf`jðl y f cfs ojkrf`jelhs, tflte hxthrlfs `eoe jlthrlfs. JJJ. Fcifdhtjzf`jðl7 ul `eltjluuo mh mh prhstf`jelhs prhstf`jelhs pfrf hc mhsfrrec mhsfrrecce ce mh ul `eltjluuo mh mh bfdjcjmfmhs @ele`jojhltes jopcj`fmes7 sedrh cf hs`rjturf, hc sjsthof mh hs`rjturf y hc hstjce mhc chlkufgh hs`rjte Cf fcifdhtjz fcifdhtjzf`j f`jðl ðl supelh hc mhs mhsfrr frrecc eccee fro froðlj` ðlj`ee y frt frtj`u j`ucfm cfmee mh ces sjku sjkujhlt jhlths hs tjpes mh `ele`jojhltes7 6. @ele`jojhltes sedrh cf hs`rjturf. @eoprhlmhr quh cf hs`rjturf hs chlkufgh.
Mhs`udrjr cfs iul`jelhs quh `uopch cf hs`rjturf `eoe jlstruohlte se`jfc mh `eoulj`f`jðl, ces prepðsjtes quh cchvfl f chhr y f hs`rjdjr. Jmhltjij`fr cf ch`turf y cf hs`rjturf `eoe f``jelhs hsph`ïij`fs.
4. @ele`jojhltes sedrh hc sjsthof mh cf hs`rjturf. Mhs`udrjr quê uljmfmhs mhc chlkufgh ‐ seljmes - sïcfdfs e pfcfdrfs- rhprhshltfl cfs krfiïfs. Th`ele`hr cf erjhltf`jðl mh cf hs`rjturf. Jmhltjij`fr cfs chtrfs, mjstjlkujrcfs y trfzfrcfs. ]e ]eof ofrr `e `el` l`jhl jhl`j `jff mh quh quh cf cfss pf pfcf cfdr drfs fs erf erfch chss se sell ie iero rofm fmfs fs pe perr se selj ljme mes, s, mhsfrreccfr `el`jhl`jf ielecðkj`f. Th`ele`hr cfs rhcf`jelhs hltrh ces seljmes mh cfs pfcfdrfs erfchs y cfs chtrfs mh cf hs`rjturf. Jm Jmhl hltji tjij` j`fr fr kr krfm fmuf ufco cohl hlth th cf vf vfrj rjhm hmfm fm y hsph hsph`j `jij` ij`jm jmfm fm mh hstf hstfss rhc rhcf` f`je jelhs lhs 7`errhspelmhl`jfs djulïve`fs (ul ielhof/ ulf chtrf), mjfkrfofs (ul ielhof/ mes chtrfs ijgfs), pcurjve`jmfmhs (ul ielhof/ mes e oæs chtrfs hl vfrjf`jðl cjdrh), ifctf mh `errhspelmhl`jf (`hre ielhof/ ulf chtrf). ^rjl`jpje fcifdêtj`e, hs cf `eoprhlsjðl mh quh bfy ulf rhcf`jðl sjsthoætj`f hltrh chtrfs y
seljmes. @el`jhl`jf ielecðkj`f, sh rhijhrh f cf `eoprhlsjðl y fc `ele`jojhlte `els`jhlth mh quh hc bfdcf hstæ `eopuhstf per uljmfmhs jmhltjij`fdchs `eoe pfcfdrf bfdcfmf, sïcfdfs y seljmes. Hl hc ljvhc jlj`jfc ces ljöes fprhlmhl f`hr`f mhc seljme mhc chlkufgh f trfvês mh cf rjof y etrfs f`tjvjmfmhs rïtoj`fs, cfs `ufchs fyumfl f ces ljöes f fse`jfr seljmes `el chtrfs y hvjtf cf eojsjðl mh chtrfs hl cf hs`rjturf. @el`jhl`jf kræij`f, hs hc `ele`jojhlte mh cfs `frf`thrïstj`fs ierofchs hsph`ïij`fs mh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf, `eopuhstf per pfcfdrfs kræij`fs y fgustfmf f sus prepjfs `elvhl`jelhs. 0. @el @ele`j e`jojh ojhlte ltess sedr sedrhh hc hstj hstjce ce mhc ch chlku lkufgh fgh hs hs`rjt `rjte. e. Th`ele`hr cf mjihrhl`jf hltrh `eoulj`f`jðl erfc, mhphlmjhlth mhc `elthxte, y `eoulj`f`jðl hs`rjtf le mhphlmjhlth.
^rh ^rhshl shltfr tfr cfprh`jse. jliero jlierof`j f`jðl ðl hl ierof ierof erk erkflj fljzfm zfmf, f, `cfrf `cfrf y hxp hxpcï` cï`jtf jtf,, utj utjcjz cjzflm flme e ve`fducfrje Jlthkrfr cf jlierof`jðl y rhcf`jelfrcf f trfvês mh `elh`terhs. Pfdhr prekrhsjvfohlth `ðoe sh bf`h pfrf chhr y hs`rjdjr. Mhsfrreccfr pre`hmjojhltes mh ch`turf y hs`rjturf mh thxtes `eopchtes. Fc jlj`je mhc pre`hse mh `eltf`te `el cf chlkuf hs`rjte, sh fpcj`f cf trfls`rjp`jðl mh ierofs fjscfmfs `el ijlhs præ`tj`es, pfrf quh hc ljöe kflh mhstrhzf cjlkóïstj`f fulquh f÷l le sh mhsfrrecch mhsf rrecch cf premu premu``jðl ``jðl y `eopr `eoprhlsjðl hlsjðl mhc thxte thxte.. @eoe pre`hse `eoulj`ftj `eoulj`ftjve, ve, `elstru`tjve h jlthrf`tjve cf hs`rjturf jopcj`f cf ch`turf, sh fcjohltf mh hccf, fsï `eoe mhc bfdcf y mh cf hs`u`bf. hs`u` bf. Cf hs`rjt hs`rjturf urf le hs ulf trfls` trfls`rjp`jð rjp`jðll mjrh`t mjrh`tff mh ce quh sh bfdcf sjle quh peshh chyhs hsph`ïij`fs mh `elstru``jðl, leroftjvfs y ieroftes. F mjihrhl`jf mhc bfdcf hc chlkufgh hs`rjte, flth cf jopesjdjcjmfm mh rhpfrfr cfs ifccfs hl cf
`eoulj`f`jðl, mhdh prhvhr cf `fltjmfm y `fcjmfm mh jlierof`jðl y `rhfr ul –`elthxte‟ pfrf quh
hc ch`ter `eoprhlmf y ermhlh cf jlierof`jðl. Pjl hodfrke hhll fmuctes fctfohlth fcifd fcifdhtjzfmes, htjzfmes, puhmhl bfdcfr `eoe sj hstuvjhrfl hs`rjdjhlme. Hc meojlje mh ul hstjce mh chlkufgh hs`rjte hs cf mjihrhl`jf oæs jopertflth hltrh ces ljöes quh phrthl phr thlh`h h`hll f ulf `uc `uctur turff erfc y quh ces phr phrthl thlh`h h`hll f ulf `uctu `ucturf rf `el ul fcte ljvhc mh fcifdhtjzf`jðl. Cf `eoprhlsjðl `eoprhlsjðl y premu` premu``jðl `jðl mh thxtes erfch erfchss y hs`rjtes hl hc prjohr `j`ce ‐ful `uflme ces ljöes le ofljijhsthl futeleoïf hl `j`ce rhcf`jðl cf hs`rjturfhs mhsfrrecce prhmj`ter mh`ekljtjve êxjte hl cf ch`turftemfvïf y hs`rjturf f pfrtjr mhc shkulme mh cf`elHKD, yf quh hc y mjs`ursjve quh preouhvhl hstes fprhlmjzfghs hs dfsh mhc `eltjluuo mh prhstf`jelhs quh mhdh fshkurfr hc preyh`te fcifdhtjzfmer. @fdhh mhs @fd mhstf` tf`fr fr quh ces `el `ele`j e`jojh ojhlte ltess jl`c jl`cujme ujmess hl ces trhs trhs krup krupes es ohl ohl`je `jelfm lfmes, es, sh mfl sjouctælhfohlth , fulquh `el mjstjltes krfmes mh fprepjf`jðl quh vfrïfl shk÷l hc fcuole.
Fckulfs `elsjmhrf`jelhs `elsjmhrf`jelhs rhsph`te mh cf frtj`ucf`j frtj`ucf`jðl ðl mh ces trhs tjpes mh `ele`jojhltes Thsph`te mh ces `ele`jojhltes sedrh cf hs`rjturf7 Hc prjerjzfr f`tjvjmfmhs `hltrfmfs hl cf fprepjf`jðl irfkohltfrjf y frdjtrfrjf mhc `ðmjke (rhphtj`jðl (rhpht j`jðl mh chtrfs e l÷ohre l÷ohres) s) sjl rhihrh rhihrhl`jf l`jf pfrf quê sjrvh/hxjs sjrvh/hxjsth. th. Hste edstf edstf`ucjzf `ucjzf shvhrfohlth cf fprepjf`jðl mh cf hs`rjturf `eoe sjsthof sjodðcj`e y `eoe ierof mh phrthlhl`jf fcf `eouljmfm `ucturfc, rhsjltjhlme mh hstf oflhrf cf oetjvf`jðl mhc fcuole.
Thsph`te mh ces `ele`jojhltes sedrh hc sjsthof mh hs`rjturf7 Mjshlse `el rhsph`te f cfs hstrfthkjfs mh hlshöflzf oæs fmh`ufmfs pfrf mhsfrreccfr cf `el`jhl`jf ielecðkj`f `eoe cf `el`jhl`jf kræij`f. Hsth mjshlse mf cukfr f cf `elvjvhl`jf
mh ohtemecekïfs hij`f`hs `el etrfs jlhij`f`hs. Cfs luhvfs prepuhstfs hl fckules `fses premu`hl cf jlshkurjmfm mhc me`hlth, qujhl per ce khlhrfc flth cf ohler mumf, vuhcvh f cfs fltjkufs ohtemecekïfs, hl mhtrjohlte mhc fprhlmjzfgh mh ces fcuoles.
Thsph`te mh ces `ele`jojhltes sedrh hc hstjce mh chlkufgh hs`rjte7 Le bfy quh `eliulmjr cf pesjdjcjmfm mh hs`rjdjr thxtes `eopchtes `el futeleoïf , pre`hse quh cchvf tjhope mh trfdfge sesthljme, `el cf pesjdjcjmfm mh f``hmhr f thxtes `eopchtes, vfcjeses y sjkljij`ftjves pfrf ces ljöes y su fprhlmjzfgh, f trfvês mh cf ohmjf`jðl mhc me`hlth hltrh hc fcuole y cf hs`rjturf. F su vhz sh sudhstjof hc mhsfrrecce erfc mh ces ljöes y su `fpf`jmfm mh bfdcfr y hs`u`bfr, fc mhs`ele`hr hc hih`te quh cf hxpesj`jðl f ces thxtes y hstjces hs`rjtes tjhlh
hl hc mhsfrrecce mh cf erfcjmfm. Ph sudhstjof hc rec ohmjfmer mhc me`hlth.
Ohshtf mh ces fprhlmjzfghs mh shkulme `j`ce, hste e`urrh `uflme le bfl pfrtj`jpfme mh sjtuf` sjtuf`jelh jelhss mh `elvhr `elvhrsf` sf`jðl, jðl, mjs` mjs`usjð usjðl, l, ch` ch`turf turf y hs` hs`rjt rjturf urf mh thx thxtes tes `eopc `eopchte htes s phrthlh`jhlths f cfs mjstjltfs ærhfs mhc `urrï`uce y fmh`ufmes f su hmfm mhsmh sus prjohres fprhlmjzfghs.
JY. Cf jlthkrf`jðl mh cfs ærhfs hl hc preyh`te ffcifdhtjzfmer cifdhtjzfmer Fprhlmhr f chhr y hs`rjdjr hs fprepjfrsh mh cf chlkuf, cf chlkuf hs`rjtf, quh tjhlh sjkles (sjkljij`flth/ sjkljij`fme) cf ofyer mjij`uctfm sh prhshltf murflth hc ljvhc jlj`jfc hl cf sustjtu`jðl mhc sjkljij`flth ielecðkj`e per hc sjkljij`flth kræij`e. Hl prjohr cukfr sh mhdh teofr `el`jhl`jf mh quh mhltre mhc sjkljij`flth iðlj`e bfy uljmfmhs oïljofs quh tjhlhl vfcer mjihrhl`jfc (`fpf (`f pf /ofp /ofpff mjihrh mjihrhl`j l`jff mh uljmf uljmfmm oïl oïljof jof , o per `). Hlt Hlthlm hlmhr hr quh hl ulf chlk chlkuf uf bfy rhcf`jelhs mh epesj`jðl mh hchohltes oïljoes mhc sjkljij`flth y le ulf shrjh fchfterjf mh seljmes . cuhke tjhlhl quh preyh`tfr hsf le`jðl mjihrhl`jfc f etre sjsthof, hc kræij`e. ^er hc `eltrfrje, hc sjkljij`fme fc shr hc pulte `eo÷l hltrh cf chlkuf iðlj`f y cf kræij`f, fyumf f cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl. Ce quh puhmh pcflthfr predcho predchofs fs pfrf jl`erperfr thxtes mh cfs ærhfs hl hc ljvhc jlj`jfc, hs hc hliequ hli equhh y cf ohtem ohtemece ecekïf kïf hopc hopchfm hfmes es pfrf fcifd fcifdhtjz htjzfr. fr. Pj hc me` me`hlth hlth `elsjmh `elsjmhrf rf quh cfs f`tjvjmfmhs `el pfcfdrfs suhctfs, mhs`elthxtufmfs, sel cfs quh cchvfræl fc fcuole f fprhlmhr cf hs`rjturf y cf ch`turf, mjiï`jcohlth hc fcuole `elsjmhrh ce `eltrfrje. 6. Cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl hl hc ærhf mh chlkuf Murfl Murflth th hc prjoh prjohrr `j` `j`ce, ce, hstf hstf æærhf rhf ee`upf `upf fcrhm fcrhmhmer hmer mhc `jl`uhl `jl`uhltf tf pper er `j `jhlte hlte mhc tjhope tjhope hs`ecfr, y puhmhl jmhltjij`frsh mes hliequhs dæsj`es. Hc prjohre, mjs`rjojlf uljmfmhs fjscfmfs per ljvhc (oerihofs, sjltfkofs, ful tjpes mh thxtes) Z cfs iul`je iul`jelhs lhs mh hstfs uljmfmhs mhltre mhc sjsthof. ^hre le sh preouh preouhvh vh cf rhichx rhichxjðl jðl sedrh ces pre`hses mh `elstru``jðl mhc shltjme, lj cf `eoprhlsjðl y premu``jðl mh thxtes. Hc shkulme hliequh, `elsjmhrf quh mhsmh hc `eojhlze mh ces fprhlmjzfghs, ces fcuoles puhmhl fprepjfrsh mh cfs `frf`thrïstj`fs mh ces mjs`urses se`jfchs hl sus mjvhrsfs iul`jelhs, hl cf ohmjmf quh hc me`hlth ces kujê murflth cfs hxphrjhl`jfs mh ch`turf y hs`rjturf. Cfs iul`jelhs ohltfchs suphrjerhs, vjl`ucfmfs `el ces sjsthofs sjodðcj`es, sh mhsfrreccfl f pfrtjr pfr tjr mh jlthrf jlthrf``j ``jelhs elhs se`jfc se`jfchs hs mh ces ljöe ljöess `el etrfs etrfs phr phrsel selfsh fshll fod fodjhlt jhlths hs mel melmh mh sh premu`hl premu` hl jlthr`fod jlthr`fodjes jes sjkljij`ft sjkljij`ftjves jves ( `elvhr `elvhrsf`jð sf`jðll sedrh `elthljm `elthljmes es sjkljij`ft sjkljij`ftjves, jves, ch`turf y hs`u`bf mh rhcftes ij``jelfchs y le ij``jelfchs, mh hxphrjhl`jfs, mh pre`hses) . Hc sjopch jlthr`fodje erfc le hs suij`jhlth hl hc mhsfrrecce mhc fprhlmjzfgh, sh lh`hsjtf cf pfrtj`jpf`jðl f`tjvf mh ces ljöes hl cf `elstru``jðl y rh`elstru``jðl mh rhcftes y pre`hses, hstf f`tjvjmfm ces cchvf f rhichxjelfr sedrh ces f`elth`jojhltes, ermhlfr ces bh`bes, hxpcj`frces y fsï `elstrujr ulf rhprhshltf`jðl jlthrlf mhc `elthljme quh sh hstæ trfdfgflme. Cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl hl `elthxtes mh mjvhrsjmfm cjlkóïstj`f Hl ces pre`hses mh mhsfrrecce mh shkulmfs chlkufs, hs lh`hsfrje `rhfr `elthxtes rhskufrmfmes pfrf cf fmqujsj`jðl y drjlmfr jlsuoes sjkljij`ftjves y `eoulj`ftjvfohlth ÷tjchs pfrf hc fcuole hl cfs jlstfl`jfs mh `eltf`te `el cf luhvf chlkuf. Hl cfs prjohrfs htfpfs sh rhqujhrh 7 Thsphte per cfs `eltrjdu`jelhs quh hoflf mh cf `ucturf y `esoevjsjðl mh ces fcuoles.
F`hptf`jðl mh ul phrjeme sjchl`jese mh f`eoemfojhlte fc luhve `elthxte mh fmqujsj`jðl h jlthrf``jðl. ^reoevhr cf jlthrf``jðl ‐le vhrdfc fc prjl`jpje- `el hc krupe mh pfrhs, mh oflhrf quh ces fcuoles `eopfrtfl guhkes y `eopföïf. F`hptf`jðl mh rhspuhstfs le vhrdfchs quh `elijrohl cf `eoprhlsjðl mh `elsjklfs mh `cfsh, `eohltfrjes y mhoæs jlthrf``jelhs hl hc fucf.
F`hptf`jðl mh rhspuhstfs oelesjcædj`fs, `eoulj`f`jðl vhrdfc cjojtfmf f pe`fs pfcfdrfs, iðroucfs, rutjlfs, hxprhsjelhs oemhcfmfs. F`hpt F`hptf`jðl f`jðl mh rhspu rhspuhstfs hstfs `el ohz ohz`cf `cf mh `ðmjke `ðmjkess mh cf chlkuf ofthrlf y cf luhvf chlkuf. @errh``jðl jlmjrh`tf f trfvês mh cf hxpflsjðl mh cfs irfshs premu`jmfs per ces fcuoles, e shf cf rhieroucf`jðl mh `eltrjdu`jelhs krfoftj`fcohlth jl`eopchtfs quh sh fkrhkfl f cf `eoulj`f`jðl hl ierof lfturfc. Cf preoe`jðl mh cf pfrtj`jpf`jðl mh ces fcuoles hl temfs cfs f`tjvjmfmhs mh cf `cfsh. Cf pesjdjcjmfm mh pfrtj`jpf`jðl `rh`jhlthohlth futðleof.
4. Cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl hl hc ærhf mh ofthoætj`f Ph `e `elsjmhrf lsjmhrf bey qquh uh pf pfrf rf quh ces ffcuoles cuoles fmquj fmqujhrfl hrfl hhcc meo meojlje jlje mmhh cf luohrf luohrf`jðl `jðl y hc `æc`uc `æc`uce, mhdhrïfl –bf`hr `hr ofthoæ ofthoætj`f‟ tj`f‟ hlpredchoætj`fs hc fucf. ]flteouy hl ljvhc jlj`jf jlj`jfcce c `eoe hl ces prjohr prjohres es `j`ces,e,hste jopcj`f–bf rhsecvhr sjtuf`jelhs mjvhrsfs, quh supelh pfrf ces fcuoles7 Hcfderfr hstrfthkjfs y `eopfrfrcfs `el cfs mh ces etres, mjs`utjr sedrh su vfcjmhz, rhichxjelfr pfrf mhthrojlfr `uæchs rhsuctfl oæs fmh`ufmfs e oæs ÷tjchs pfrf `fmf e`fsjðl . @els @elstr trujr ujr iero ierofs fs mh rhpr rhprhs hshl hltf tf`jð `jðll y mjs mjs`u `utjtjrcf rcfss `e `ell ce cess mh mhoæ oæs, s, `e `elir lirel eltf tfr r jlthrprhtf`jelhs f`hr`f mh cf letf`jðl `elvhl`jelfc1 hstfdch`hr rhcf`jelhs hltrh cf f``jðl y cf rhprhshltf`jðl quh jopcjquhl tflte cf premu``jðl per pfrth mh ces fcuoles mh iero ierofs fs mh rhpr rhprhs hshl hltf tfrr cf cfss ephr ephrf` f`je jelh lhss rh rhfc fcjz jzfm fmfs fs e f rh rhfc fcjz jzfr fr,, `e `eoe oe cf jlthrp jlt hrprhtf rhtf`jð `jðll mh cfs rhp rhprhs rhshlt hltf`j f`jelh elhss mh ces mho mhoæs, æs, jl`c jl`cujmf ujmf cf rhp rhprhs rhshltf hltf`jð `jðl l `elvhl`jelfc.
Fltj`jpfr y guzkfr rhsuctfmes1 rhichxjelfr sedrh cfs prepjhmfmhs mh cfs ephrf`jelhs1 ieroucfr hlul`jfmes. Fprhlmhr ofthoætj`f hs `elstrujr hc shltjme mh ces `ele`jojhltes (`el`hptes y pre`hmjojhltes) y cf f`tjvjmfm ofthoætj`f hshl`jfc hs cf rhsecu`jðl mh predchofs y cf rhichxjðl fcrhmhmer mh ces ojsoes. Hc ljvhc jlj`jfc mhmj`f ou`be tjhope f cf hlshöflzf mh ces dcequhs ‟l÷ohres‟ y –ephrf`jelhs‟ hl mhtrjohlte mh ces etres, ces rhsuctfmes hstæl chges mh ces hsphrfmes. Cf mjvhrsjmfm mh hliequhs phrojth udj`frcfs hltrh ule prhmeojlflthohlth fckerïtoj`e y etre `hltrfme hl cf `elstru``jðl mh shltjme. Hl cf hlshöflzf mh ces mjstjltes fckerjtoes , le sh ftjhlmh fc sjkljij`fme mh ces mjstjltes pfses quh ces `eopelhl. ^er tflte, hs `estesf cf fprepjf`jðl mh ces ojsoes f cf vhz quh hs ræpjme su ecvjme, h jopesjdch su rh`elstru``jðl.
Cf jopertfl`jf mhc chlkufgh erfc y hs`rjte hl hc ærhf
Hl ces @elthl @elthljmes jmes Dæsj Dæsj`es `es @eoulh @eoulhss pfrf cf HKD, ces oemes mh `eo `eoulj`f`j ulj`f`jðl ðl prepjes mhc quhbf`hr ofthoætj`e sh prhshltfl hl hc dcequh mh pre`hmjojhltes khlhrfchs7 Hs`u`bf Hs` u`bf h jlth jlthrpr rprhtf htf`jð `jðll mh `els `elsjkl jklfs, fs, hlu hlul`jf l`jfmes mes mh pre predch dchofs ofs h jli jliero erof`j f`jðl ðl ofthoætj`f shl`jccf. Ce`fcjzf`jðl, ch`turf h jlthrprhtf`jðl mh jlierof`jðl ofthoætj`f shl`jccf hl hc hlterle jlohmjfte (`fchlmfrjes, tj`aht ht`.) .
Hxpesj`jðl hl chlkufgh `eo÷l y `cfre mmhh ces pre`hmjojhltes y rhsuctfme rhsuctfmess edthljmes hl cf hgh`u`jðl mh ul trfdfge e rhsecu`jðl mh ul predchof. Mhleojlf`jð Mhleo jlf`jðll mh `el`hp `el`hptes tes y rhcf`je rhcf`jelhs lhs sjopc sjopchs, hs, utjcjzflme ve`fducf ve`fducfrje rje frjtoêtj`es frjtoêtj`es y kheoêtrj`e fmh`ufme. Bfy quh thlhr prhshlth quh cf `eoulj`f`jðl `eoulj`f`jðl jopcj`f hc use mhc chlkufgh `ecequjfc, hl hc quh sh hstæl jl`cuyhlme têrojles ofthoætj`es, per ce tflte hs jopertflth hstfdch`hr mjihrhl`jfs hltrh hc use mh fckulfs pfcfdrfs hl hsth chlkufgh y hc quh sh bf`h hl ofthoætj`f( hghopce7 mjihrhl`jf/ mjstjlte ofthoætj`f7 mjihrhl`jf/ rhstf ). Hc chlkufgh ofthoætj`e hs`rjte `el sïodeces mh mjstjlte tjpe7 hs ul sjsthof shojðtj`e, sïodec sïo deces es quh `eo `eodjlf djlfmes mes mh mji mjihrh hrhlth lthss iero ierofs fs phr phrojt ojtjhl jhlme me etrfs etrfs rhp rhprhs rhshlt hltf`j f`jelh elhs, s, le vhrdfchs, mh ces edghtes ofthoætj`es (l÷ohres, mjduges mh ijkurfs, kræij`es ht`. Mh hstf oflhrf sh mfl mes tjpes mh ch`turf ch`turf,, cf cjlkóïstj`f cjlkóïstj`f (hlul` (hlul`jfmes) jfmes) oftho ofthoætj`e( ætj`e(sïodec sïodeces). es). ^frf
fshkurfr cf `eoprhlsjðl mh ul thxte ofthoætj`e, hc ch`ter lh`hsjtf hstfdch`hr rhcf`jelhs hltrh cf rhprhshltf`jð rhprhshltf`jðll quh hl`uhltrf hl hc thxte y hc `el`hpt `el`hptee ofthoæt ofthoætj`e j`e fc quh sh rhijhrh, shræ lh`hsfrje hltel`hs, quh sh ch prhshlthl mjvhrsfs sjtuf`jelhs pfrf quh vfyf `ele`jhlme cfs mjihrhlths rhprhshltf`jelhs pesjdchs mh ul ojsoe `el`hpte (6/4 >,8 8>% cf ojtfm). 0. Cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl hl hc ærhf mh @jhl`jfs Pe`jfchs Ph mmhmj`f hmj`f hs`fse tjhop tjhopee y mh mhmj`f` mj`f`jðl jðl f hstf ærhf, murflt murflthh hc ljvhc jlj`jf jlj`jfc,c, mh mhdjme djme fc iirækjc rækjc meojlje mh cf ch`turf y hs`rjturf per pfrth mh ces ljöes, ce quh le mhdhrïf jophmjr hc pre`hse mh `elstru``jðl mh ces fprhlmjzfghs prepjes mhc ærhf. Bfdræ quh rhphlsfr cfs hstrfthkjfs mh hlshöflzf pfrf if`jcjtfr hc f``hse mh ces ljöes, f hsth tjpe mh `ele`jojhlte, prepj`jflme ulf fcifdhtjzf`jðl hl @jhl`jfs Pe`jfchs. Cf jopertfl`jf mhc chlkufgh erfc hl hc Pj ces ljöes le chhl lj hs`rjdhl pery hs`rjte su `uhltf , hcærhf. me`hlth puhmh jopchohltfr vfrjfmfs hstrfthkjfs pfrf prhshltfr ces thofs7 Chlkufgh erfc7 Hl cfs `cfshs ces ljöes mhdhrïfl pfrtj`jpfr mh f`tjvjmfmhs quh preouhvfl cf `elvhrsf`jðl, cf hs`u`bf, hc rhcfte, hc `eohltfrje, cf hxpcj`f`jðl, cf epjljðl, cf jlmfkf`jðl, `el rhsph`te f fsph`tes mh cf vjmf mh cfs phrselfs, hl mjvhrsjmfm mh `elthxtes, `hr`fles y chgfles f cf hxphrjhl`jf `etjmjflf, mhc pfsfme, mhc prhshlth, pfrf quh hlrjquhz`fl sus rhprhshltf`jelhs f`hr`f mh cfs se`jhmfmhs. Cf lfrrftjvf phrojth f ces ljöes phquhöes `eoprhlmhr ohger cf rhfcjmfm pfsfmf y prhshlth, yf quh phrojth sjtufr f ces pretfkeljstfs hl ul tjhope y hl ul hspf`je, rh`ele`hr sus f``jelhs h jlthl`jelhs hl ulf sh`uhl`jf erkfljzfmf y hl`eltrfr shltjme f teme ce quh e`urrh hl cf trfof, `elvjrtjêlmesh hl ul jlvfcerfdch rh`urse. Chlkufgh hs`rjte7
Cf sjtuf`jelhs mh ch`turf y hs`rjturf sh rhsuhcvhl, f trfvês mh cf c f ohmjf`jðl mhc me`hlth. =. Cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl hl `jhl`jfs lfturfchs Hl hc ljvhc jlj`jfc hstf æærhf rhf hs `fsj jjlhxjsthlth. lhxjsthlth. Hc rh`urse oæ oæss rh`eohlmf rh`eohlmfdch dch hs jl`hltjvfr cf `urjesjmfm `urjes jmfm y hc jlthrês f trfvês mh cf `elvh `elvhrsf`jð rsf`jðll y fpultfcfr hc pre`hse mh fmqujs fmqujsj`jðl j`jðl mh cf hs`rjturf. Cf fc fcif ifdh dhtjz tjzf` f`jð jðll `j `jhl hltïi tïij` j`ff hs ulf ulf `e `eod odjlf jlf`j `jðl ðl mjlæ mjlæoj oj`f `f mh bf bfdj djcjcjmf mfmh mhss `e `ekl kljtj jtjvf vfss y ofljpucftjvfs, f`tjtumhs, vfcerhs y `el`hptes, oemhces h jmhfs f`hr`f mh ces ihlðohles lfturfchs y cf oflhrf mh jlvhstjkfrces. Cf jopertfl`jf mhc chlkufgh erfc y hs`rjte hl hc ærhf. Hl hstf ærhf hc chlkufgh `uopch ulf medch iul`jðl7 Jlstruohltfc, mf shltjme y sjkljij`fme f ces ihlðohles edshrvfmes. Cf `elstru``jðl mh jmhfs `jhltïij`fs sh dfsf hl hc bh`be mh bfdhr edthljme `jhrtes mftes y mh bfdhr phlsfme hl hcces. Hl hsth pre`hse, f trfvês mhc chlkufgh sh `rhf ul oulme ijkurfme bh`be mh jmhfs e hltjmfmhs, le mh `esfs. Pel ces oemhces y `el`hptes `jhltïij`es. Hs dfsh mh cf jlthrf``jðl mjs`ursjvf hl hc fucf. Hs ul ohmje pfrf `eltrfstfr mjihrhlths hxpcj`f`jelhs y `elshlsufr cf quh sh `elsjmhrf fmh`ufmf. Hsth pre`hse mh mjiusjðl y mjs`usjðl phrojth cf rhkucf`jðl mh mjstjltfs jlthrprhtf`jelhs. Ph fprhlmh f –bfdcfr `jhl`jf‟ f ohmjmf quh sh vfl `eoprhlmjhlme ces oemes `jhltïij`es mh vhr ces ihlðohles y f pfrtjr mh bfdcfr y phlsfr sedrh hcces. Le sh puhmh `epjfr hc chlkufgh `jhltïij`e e ohoerjzfr `el`hptes sjl hlthlmhrces. Hc `ele`jojhlte sh `el`jdh hltel`hs `eoe ul hspf`je trjmjohlsjelfc quh jl`cuyh hc chlkufgh, hc phlsfojhlte y cf hxphrjhl`jf/ f``jðl. Th`eohlmf`jelhs7 ^cflthfr sjtuf`jelhs `eoulj`ftjvfs f trfvês mhc chlkufgh erfc y mh etrfs sjtuf`jelhs `eoe jlmfkf`jðl `el shrhs vjves u edghtes, quh preouhvhl f cf `elstru``jðl mh le`jelhs dæsj`fs mh cfs `jhl`jfs. ^reper`jelfr f ces fcuoles epertuljmfmhs pfrf bfdcfr y hs`rjdjr `jhl`jf, quh hxpelkfl hc rhsuctfme mh sus edshrvf`jelhs, quh cfs c fs `eltrfsthl `el cf mh ces mhoæs, yf quh hstf
jlt jlthrf hrf``j ``jðl ðly `el ihl ihlðoh ðohles les,, hop hopjhz jhzfl fl f met metfr fr mh shl shltjm tjmee f cfs hxp hxphrj hrjhl` hl`jfs jfs rhfcjzfmfs f cfs ces luhvfs pfcfdrfs. Fchltfr f ces ljöes f ieroucfr prhkultfs y f ofljihstfr sus jlthrhshs y trftfr mh ieohltfr cf `elireltf`jðl mh cfs jmhfs. ]hlmhr puhlths hltrh hc chlkufgh `ecequjfc y hc `jhltïij`e, êsth ÷ctjoe le phrthlh`h fc `etjmjfle mh ces ljöes, qujhlhs sel jltremu`jmes fc `ele`jojhlte mh hstf ærhf f trfvês mhc chlkufgh `ecequjfc, `el hc `ufc hc me`hlth, mh cf oflhrf oæs `cfrf pesjdch, jl`erperfræ jl`erp erfræ pfucft pfucftjlfoh jlfohlth lth ces têrojles `jhltï `jhltïij`es ij`es y sus rhcf`jelhs `el` `el`hptufc hptufchs. hs. Phöfcflme `cfrfohlth `uflme utjcjzfl ule e hc etre. Mjs`utjr jmhfs prhvjfs mh ces fcuoles hl `fmf thof. Hc me`hlth hs hc rhspelsfdch mh erkfljzfr erkflj zfr hstfs jmhfs, `hltrælmesh hl ces fsph` fsph`tes tes quh sh vfl f fderm fdermfr, fr, rhs`ftflm rhs`ftflme e cf ojrfmf `jhltïij`f. Ieohltfr pre`hses jlmjvjmufchs y krupfchs mh hs`rjturf sedrh thofs mh `jhl`jfs, fulquh hstf bfdjcjmfm shf jl`jpjhlth. Fmhoæs mh preoevhr hc rhkjstre kræij`e.
Jltremu`jr pfucftjlfohlth cf hs`rjturf `jhltïij`f. Hliftjzfr hl hc bh`be mh quh cf `jhl`jf hs ulf ierof mh bfdcfr sedrh hc oulme, le oæs `eopchgf quh `ufcqujhr etrf y per hlmh le rhqujhrh ulf `fpf`jmfm hsph`jfc.
8. Cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl hl hc ærhf mh Ierof`jðl Êtj`f y @jumfmflf Hl hsth hsth ærhf, hstfr ffcifdht cifdhtjzfme jzfme rrhijhrh hijhrh f cf jlj` jlj`jf`jðl jf`jðl hhll cf `el `elvjvhl` vjvhl`jf, jf, cf futele futeleoïf, oïf, ces mhrh`bes y cfs edcjkf`jelhs. Cf ierof`jðl êtj`f jopcj`f tflte hc mhsfrrecce mh cf phrselfcjmfm oerfc `eoe cf pfrtj`jpf`jðl hl hc hspf`je p÷dcj`e. Hstrfthkjfs hsph`jij`fs7 Mhsfrrecce mh cf futeleoïf. Mhsfrrecce mhc mjæceke, Mhsfrrecce mh cf `fpf`jmfm mh `elvjvhl`jf. Mhsfrrecce mh cf rhichxjðl se`jeoerfc. Hc sjsthof mhoe`rætj`e rh`ele`h hc mhrh`be mh ces `jumfmfles f teofr pfrth hl cfs mh`jsjelhs quh ces fih`tf. Hsth mhrh`be hxjkh cf ierof`jðl mh ul `jumfmfle `fpfz mh f``hmhr f cf jlierof`jðl, mh hlthlmhr ce quh pfsf y mh jlthrvhljr mh ierof f`tjvf y `els`jhlth. Mj`bf ierof`jðl jlj`jf hl hc prjohr hspf` hspf`je je hl hc `ufc hc ljöe pfrtj`jpf mh ce p÷dcj`e, cf hs`uhcf.
Cf jopertfl`jf mhc chlkufgh erfc y hs`rjte hl hc ærhf. Cf erfcjm erfcjmfm fm sh hl`uhltrf hl`uhltrf hltrh ces edghtj edghtjves ves mh hsth ærhf, sh mhsfr mhsfrreccf reccf f trfvês mhc mj mjæc æcek eke, e, hc rh` rh`ele ele`j `joj ojhl hlte te y cf hc hcfd fderf erf`j `jðl ðl mh fr frku kuoh ohlte ltes, s, cf `e `el` l`jh jhltj ltjzf zf`j `jðl ðl mh cf jlthl`jelfcjmfm hl cf `elvhrsf`jðl y hc mhsfrrecce mh cf futeleoïf. Hc mjæce mjæceke ke hs hshl` hshl`jf jfcc pf pfrf rf `elst `elstru rujr jr iero ierofs fs mh `e `elv lvjv jvhl` hl`jf jf ch chkï kïtjo tjofs fs.. Hs tfod tfodjê jêll ul pre`hmjojhlte pfr hlthlmhrsh h jlierofrsh outufohlth, pfrf pcflthfr y rhsecvhr predchofs. Cf frkuohltf`jðl y cf `elstru``jðl jlthrsudghtjvf mh lerofs. Vujhl frkuohltf `eopfrth `el ulf `eouljmfm hc shltjme mh ces têrojles quh hopchf, sjkuh cfs rhkcfs cjlkóïstj`fs mh hsf `eouljmfm y sh vh edcjkfme f rh`urrjr f hccfs pfr mjs`hrljr ce vhrmfmhre y ce `errh`te. Cfs hstrfthkjfs mh jlthrvhl`jðl `elstjtuyhl ul flmfojfgh, ulf hstru`turf quh ch phrojth fc fcuole pfsfr pfsfr f `elthxtes se`jf se`jfchs chs oæs fopcjes fopcjes y ierofc ierofchs. hs. Pjl ul me`hlth, ulf mjs`usj mjs`usjðl ðl puhmh kjrflme hl terlefyumfr mh ulfmjs`urse sj êcshjlthrvjhlh, sjl cchkfr f meojlfrquhmfr cf mjs`usjðl, puhmh trfmu`jr`etjmjfle. pfrth mh ^hre ce quh mj`h, f sjlthtjzfrce y `el`hptufcjzfrce. Fsï, ces ojhodres mhc krupe puhmhl vhr `ðoe sus jmhfs sh vfl trflsieroflme y hlrjquh`jhlme. Hc mhsfrrecce mhc mjæceke hl hc fucf tjhlh `elsh`uhl`jfs hl vfrjes ljvhchs quh puhmhl vjl`ucfrsh `el cf ierof`jðl êtj`f y `jumfmflf mh ces fcuoles7 Ljvhc phrselfc7 `fmf fcuole puhmh hl`eltrfr ul hspf`je melmh hs rhsphtfmf su pfcfdrf, su epjljðl. Ljvhc krupfc7 cf `cfsh puhmh `elstrujr sjkljij`fmes, preiulmjzfr hc `ele`jojhlte outue, hstfdch`hr f`uhrmes, rhsecvhr predchofs. Ljvhc jlstjtu`jelfc7 phrojth shltfr cfs dfshs pfrf hc pre`hse mh `elstru``jðl mh ulf hs`uhcf `eoe `eouljmfm mhoe`rætj`f.
Hc chlkufgh hs`rjte hs pfrf cf edthl`jðl mh jlierof`jðl , hc rhkjstre mh ces f`uhrmes krupfc krupfchs, hs, cfs phtj`jelhs f cfs futerjmfmhs, cfs `frtfs f mjstjltes f`terhs se`jfchs.
Ohmjflth cf lfrrf`jðl, hs pesjdch fyumfr f quh ces fcuoles rhichxjelhl sedrh cf `eopchgjmfm mh cf f``jðl oerfc e pecïtj`f. Ph dus`f fyumfr f quh ces fcuoles mjstjlkfl, hl cfs f``jelhs buoflfs, cfs pesjdchs rhcf`jelhs hltrh ohmjes y ijlhs, quh rhichxjelhl sedrh cf mjohlsjðl oerfc mh fckulfs mh sus f``jelhs y sedrh ces oemes hl quh luhstre f``jelfr puhmh fih`tfr f etres. Y. EDPHTYF@JELHP IJLFCHP IJLFCHP ]emfs cfs ærhfs sh vfchl mhc chlkufgh pfrf f``hmhr, `eoprhlmhr, `eoulj`fr y trflsierofr sus `e `ele le`j `joj ojhlt hltes es.. Cf `e `elvh lvhrs rsf` f`jðl jðl rh`up rh`uphrf hrf y vf vfcer cerff ces `e `ele le`j `joj ojhl hlte tess hspe hspeltæ ltælhe lhess mh mhc c fcuolfme, f cf prhshltf`jðl y `eoprhlsjðl mh luhves `ele`jojhltes, f cf lhke`jf`jðl y fsjklf`jðl mh shltjme. Cf pfrtj`jpf`jðl sjsthoætj`f mh ces fcuoles hl sjtuf`jelhs mh bfdcf, hs`u`bf, ch`turf y hs`rjturf f`hr`f mh ces thofs y `elthljmes vfcjeses pfrf cf hs`uhcf y cf `eouljmfm hs `elmj`jðl hs `e `elm lmj` j`jð jðll jl jlmj mjsp sphls hlsfd fdch ch hl hc pr pre` e`hse hse fc fcif ifdh dhtjz tjzfm fmer er qu quhh bf sjme sjme mh mhsf sfrr rrecc eccfm fmee hl hsth hsth me`uohlte. Cf oetjvf`jðl, cfs hxphrjhl`jfs hmu`ftjvfs prhvjfs fc jlkrhse f cf hmu`f`jðl ierofc y cfs hxphrjhl`jfs hmu`ftjvfs hs`ecfrhs sel trhs mh cfs vfrjfdchs quh jl`jmhl hl hc rhlmjojhlte mh ces ljöes hl hc sjsthof hs`ecfr y hl su jlshr`jðl hl cf se`jhmfm.
^HLPFT CF CHLKXF HL CF HP@XHCF. Pfrf Ohckfr Meojlje mh cf chlkuf. Hc chlkufgh hs ul djhl jlmjvjmufc y se`jfc, ohmjflth êc cfs phrselfs sh `eoulj`fl, `eopfrthl, `elstruyhl, pechojzfl, sh sh fkrhmhl, flfcjzfl, hve`f y `rhfl. F trfvês mh cf c f hs`rjturf hc chlkufgh suphrf ces cjojths mhc hspf`je y hc tjhope, sjl ces fuxjcjes hc khste e cf `jr`ulstfl`jf, hc quh hs`rjdh sh `eoulj`f `el fckujhl chgfle y fushlth. Hc chlkufgh hs lhke`jf`jðl, ohmjflth cf jlthrf``jðl buoflf, `fodjfl mh ghrfrquïf, dhcchzf e futerjmfm. Hc meojlje mh cf chlkuf erfc y hs`rjtf hl sus o÷ctjpchs pesjdjcjmfmhs hxprhsjvf, jlthch`tufchs y `rhfmerfs le sh fmqujhrhl per cf sjopch jl`cusjðl hl ulf se`jhmfm bfdcflth, hs premu`te mh ul trfdfge phrselfc y se`jfc. ]frhf mjiï`jc. Hc meojlje mh cf chlkuf `elsjsth hl mes ðrmhlhs dæsj`es mh sfdhrhs. Hc usufrje mh cf chlkuf, hs fquhc quh bfdcf, hs`u`bf, ohoerjzf, `elvhrsf, rhieroucf e rhpremu`h. ^er etre cfme, hsth usufrje puhmh fmhoæs sfdhr cfs rhkcfs e lerofs quh mfl `uhltf mhc sjsthof mh cf chlkuf y puhmh mfr rfzðl mh ces `eopertfojhltes cjlkóïstj`es prepjes y fghles. Hl hc æodjte mh cf hlshöflzf y hc fprhlmjzfgh mh cf chlkuf, rfrf vhz hstes mes ðrmhlhs mh sfdhrhs kufrmfl hc mhdjme hqujcjdrje y, ohles ful, sh hlrjquh`hl outufohlth. ^er ce khlhrfc per ul cfme sh –bf`hl `esfs‟ y per hc etre sh flfcjzf hc sjsthof.
Hc `ele`jojhlte ierofc hs f`tufcjzfdch y trflsihrjdch, sj sh ce puhmh hve`fr hl hc oeohlte quh sh hstæ trftflme mh rhsecvhr ul predchof cjlkóïstj`e. Oeljterhe e ohtf`eklj`jðl 7 `ufcjmfm e `fpf`jmfm buoflf mh rhichxjelfr sedrh ces prepjes pre`hses pre`hs es mh `ele`jo `ele`jojhlte. jhlte. ^eze (6:: (6::0) 0) –...hs lh`hsfrje quh hc sughte teoh `el`jhl`jf mh sus prepjfs jmhfs y rhichxjelh sedrh ces ihlðohles quh hstæl jopcj`fmfs hl `fmf ule mh hccfs. Mh hstf ierof, ces hsquhofs e jmhfs jopcï`jtfs quh bfstf hltel`hs peshïf sh `elvjhrthl hl `el`hptes hxpcï`jtes prepjfohlth mj`bes‟. Z per ce tflte puhmhl shr oemjij`fmes hl `fse mh hrrer. Cf `cfsh mh chlkuf mhdhrï mhdhrïff shr ul cukfr mh mjs`usjðl h jlthr`f jlthr`fodje odje phroflh phroflhlth lth f`hr`f mh ces pre`hses mh premu``jðl mhc mjs`urse ( `ðoe, quê, hl quê ermhl, `el quê rh`urses, pfrf quê, ht`.) mfl cukfr f ul trfdfge mh lhke`jf`jðl mh cf pfcfdrf y Thichxjðl ohtf`ekljtjvf. Hc sjsthof hmu`ftjve f`tufc hstæ chges mh cf ojrfmf mh ces ljöes, ul duhl hghr`j`je pfrf sudsflfr cf ifccf hs hc teof teofrr letf mh cfs edshrvf edshrvf`jelhs `jelhs rhfcjzfmfs per hcces. Cf jmhf dfsh mh hstf `eoulj`f`jð `eoulj`f`jðll hs quh hc fodjh fodjhlth lth oæs prepj`j prepj`jee pfrf cf hlshöf hlshöflzf lzf y hc fprhlmjzfg fprhlmjzfghh hs hc quh lf`h mh cf `urjesjmfm, hc hstumje, cf rhichxjðl y cf præ`tj`f phroflhlth. Z quh le bfy ed edsh shrv rvf` f`jð jðll mh ul bfdc bfdcfl flth th sedr sedrhh su prep prepjf jf ch chlk lkuf uf qu quhh le ohrh ohrhz` z`ff sh shrr `e `els lsjm jmhrf hrfmf mf shrjfohlth. Bfy mjij`uctfmhs mjij`uctfmhs pfrf hl`eltrfr cf ierof fmh`ufmf fmh`ufmf y phmfk phmfkðkj`f ðkj`fohlth ohlth hih`tjvf mh vjl`ucf vjl`ucfrr hc bf`hr y cf rhichxjðl sedrh ces pre`hses y premu`tes jlvecu`rfmes. Mhdhrïfl prepelhrsh, pfrf hc mhsfrrecce cjlkóïstj`e mhc fcuole mjihrhlths tjpes mh edghtjves7 Edghtjves mh hxprhsjðl, thlmjhlths f quh hc fprhlmjz mhspcjhkuh sus `fpf`jmfmhs erfchs y hs`rjtfs1 Edgh Ed ghtjtjve vess mh `elt `elthx hxtu tufc fcjz jzf` f`jð jðl, l, puhs puhs hc mh mhsf sfrre rreccccee mh cf hx hxpr prhs hsjð jðll jopc jopcj` j`ff cf rhieroucf`jðl phroflhlth mh tjpe mh hlul`jfmes e thxtes mjvhrses pfrf rhspelmhr f mjstjltfs sjtuf`jelhs mh `eoulj`f`jðl. Edghtjves mh hstru`turf`jðl, `elsjsthl hl `elmu`jr fc fcuole bf`jf cf edshrvf`jðl mhc chlkufg chlk ufgh, h, cf jlm jlmu`` u``jðl jðl mh sus rhkuc rhkucfrj frjmfm mfmhs hs y cf `emjij `emjij`f` `f`jðl jðl mhc `el `ele`j e`jojh ojhlte lte rhsuctflth hl ierof mh rhkcfs, prjl`jpjes y lerofs krfoftj`fchs.
Ph `eoprhlmh quh cfs ofyerhs mjij`uctfmhs quh hlirhltfl ces me`hlths hl hc oeohlte f`tufc sh mhdhl f cf lh`hsjmfm mh froeljzfr y pre`urfr `ebhrhl`jf hltrh hstes mjvhrses edghtjves y `elthljmes.
TH@ETTJME MJMÆ@]J@E7 MJMÆ@]J@E7 MHC XPE F CF LETOF Z YXHC]F Hl temfs cfs fsjklfturfs, phre sedrh teme hl chlkuf, hs rh`eohlmfdch cf vfrjhmfm y hc jlthr`fodje hltrh hs`rjturf, erfcjmfm, ch`turf y hs`u`bf. Cf hxprhsjðl erfc hs ul `elthljme prjerjtfrje hl cf hs`uhcf, bfy mhshophöes erfchs quh le sel fmqujrjmes hl hc æodjte ifojcjfr hx`usfs, phrojses, ces trftfojhltes sh ofljijhstfl f trfvês mh iðroucfs mh cf `eoulj`f`jðl erfc, quh mhdhrïfl `elstjtujr hc pftrjoelje mh teme bfdcflth hs`ecfrjzfme. Cf Cfss hx hxpe pesj sj`j `jel elhs hs oh ohoe oerj rjzf zfmf mfs, s, melm melmhh sh of oflj ljijijhs hstf tf cf jope jopesj sjdj djcjcjmf mfmm mh sï sïlt lths hsjs js e rhieroucf`jðl, tfodjêl rh`cfofl ul trfdfge sesthljme.
FCKXLFP PXKHTHL@JFP7 PXKHTHL@JFP7 ^rjohrr `j`ce7 Edshrvf ^rjoh Edshrvf`jðl, `jðl, rhpremu`` rhpremu``jðl jðl mh iðroucfs f trfvê trfvêss mh cfs mrfoftjz mrfoftjzf`jðl f`jðl mh sjtuf`jelhs sjtuf `jelhs mh `eoulj` `eoulj`f`jðl f`jðl hl `elthx `elthxtes tes le ifojcj ifojcjfrhs. frhs. Fphrturf y `jhrrh `jhrrhss mh `bfrcf `bfrcfs s thchiðlj`fs. Hs`u`bf fthltf y rhpremu``jðl mh ohlsfghs. @elvhrsf`jðl hl hc fucf sedrh thofs mjs`jpcjlfrhs. Oflhge mh ces turles mh jlthr`fodje phmjr cf pfcfdrf, `hmhr cf pfcf pfcfdr drf. f. Ie Iero roucf ucfrr prhk prhkul ultf tfss mhsp mhspuê uêss mh ulf jlt jlthr hrvh vhl`j l`jðl ðl e dr drhv hvhh hx hxpe pesj sj`j `jðl. ðl. @elthstfr prhkultfs. Phkulme `j`ce7 prhpfrf`jðl mh fkhlmf pfrf rhuljðl mh trfdfge hl hc fucf e hltrh krfmes7 Jlthr`fodjes mh jlierof`jðl, prhpfrf`jðl mh hvhltes, hstumje mh ul thof. ^rhp ^rhpfr frf` f`jðl jðl mh hx hxpe pesj` sj`jel jelhs hs `e `ell kuïf kuïf hs`r hs`rjtjtf, f, pr prhv hvjf jf `e `els lsuc uctf tf mh iu iuhl hlth thss mh jlierof`jðl. ]hr`hr ]hr `hr `j` `j`ce7 ce7 erk erkflj fljzf` zf`jðl jðl mh mhd mhdfth fthss y ohs ohsfs fs rhm rhmelm elmfs( fs( prh prhpfr pfrf`j f`jðl ðl mh tho thofs, fs, fsjk fsjklf lf`j `jðl ðl mh turle turles, s, oe oemh mhrf rfme mer). r). Erkf Erkfljz ljzf` f`jðl jðl mh `bf `bfrcf rcf y dr drhv hvhh hx hxpe pesj sj`j `jðl. ðl. ^rhkultfs y sïlthsjs. Mhc mjæceke f cf hltrhvjstf `el me`uohltf`jðl prhvjf. Hs `elvhljhlth kufrmfr rhkjstre, hl vïmhe e krfdf`jelhs, mh ces jlthr`fodjes erfchs, pfrf flfcjzfr y fprh`jfr cfs `elmj`jelhs mh hij`jhl`jf y hih`tjvjmfm mh êstes y tfodjêl mh ces irf`fses `eoulj`ftjves.
Xl sh shl` l`jcc jccee ycf hih` hi h`tjtjve vemh rh`u rh rse pf pfrf rfulpr preo eoev evhr hr cfphrjemïstj`e, hs` hs`u`b u`bff fthl ftmhdjmfohlth hltf tf hs cf f`eopföfmf er erkf kflj ljzf zf`j `jðl ðl `el mh `elihrhl`jfs, vjsjðl cf`urse ojrfmf mh prekrfof ul `uhstjelfrje edcjkflme fc fcuole f le phrmhr cf fthl`jðl hl dus`f mh cf jlierof`jðl. Ph puhmh utjcjzfr tfodjêl ces `elthstfmerhs th thchiðlj`es, chiðlj`es, quh hxjkh ul ohlsfgh `cfre, ermhlfme y h`elðoj`e. µ Vuê thofs ierofchs sh mhsfrreccfl f pfrtjr mh hsth trfdfge `el cf hxprhsjðl erfc5 Hstru`turfs mjs`ursjvfs7 cf `elvhrsf`jðl, cf `bfrcf, cf hxpesj`jðl, hc mhdfth, cf c f hltrhvjstf. Hc oflhge mh rhkjstres, teles y oemes hl ces jlthr`fodjes erfchs. Hchohltes vhrdfchs y le vhrdfchs hl cf `eoulj`f`jðl erfc, hchohltes jopcï`jtes y hxpcï`jtes. Yfrjhmfmhs y ljvhchs mh chlkuf. Hl rhcf`jðl `el cf hs`rjturf, rhsuohl teof mh letfs. CHHT HL CF HP@XHCF. Hlshöfr f chhr, cf `eoprhlsjðl ch`terf supelh ulf f`tjvjmfm jlthcjkhlth h jlthl`jelfc mh vjl`ucf`jðl mh jlierof`jelhs jlierof`jelhs thxtufch thxtufchss hxpcï hxpcï`jtfs, `jtfs, oæs fquhccfs quh puhmhl jopcj`f jopcj`frsh rsh per ul `ele`jojhlte phrtjlhlth mhc `elthxte. Hsth pre`hse hltrf fmhoæs hl rhcf`jðl `el cf phroflhlth hstru`turf`jðl mh ces hsquhofs `ekles`jtjves mhc sughte, `el su `ele`jojhlte mhc oulme y su `fpf`jmfm khlhrfc mh ohoerjf mh `erte y cfrke pcfze. ^frf mhsfrreccfr pchlfohlth cf `eoprhlsjðl, hs lh`hsfrje quh ces me`hlths fyumhl f sus fcuoles f f`tjvfr sus `ele`jojhltes rhcftjves fc thof sedrh hc `ufc vfl f chhr. ]fodjêl hs jopertflth hc trfdfge y hcfderf`jðl mhc ve`fducfrje, mh oeme quh rhsucth sjkljij`ftjve y fyumh f cf fprepjf`jðl. Hs lh`hsfrje preoevhr cf ch`turf mh mjvhrses ofthrjfchs, `elez`fl mjstjltes ieroftes thxtufchs y hgh`uthl mjvhrsfs hstrfthkjfs ch`terfs. Ph sukjhrh quh, hl cf hmu`f`jðl dæsj`f , sh prhsth hsph`jfc fthl`jðl f cf ch`turf mh thxtes quh phrojtfl phrojt fl ul shkuj shkujojhlte ojhlte edghtjve cf `eopr `eoprhlsjðl hlsjðl ch`terf. Ph trftfcfmhiulmfohltf`jðl –thxt –thxtes es pfrf f`tuf f`tufr‟ r‟ jlthrmjs`jpcjlfrjes quh pelkfl hl mh guhke cf `fpf`jmfm jlthrprhtftjvf, mh cf ch`turf y sj su ieroucf`jðl hs `eliusf, cf `fpf`jmfm mh rhieroucf`jðl.
Thvjsth hsph`jfc jopertfl`jf , hl cf ierof`jðl mh ul duhl ch`ter cf jlthkrf`jðl mh cfs jlierof`jelhs pfrfthxtufchs ( tfpf, `eltrftfpf, secfpf, hpjceke, seperth mhc thxte ht`) hsth tjpe mh jlierof`jðl, le ierof pfrth mh cf `eophthl`jf hspeltælhf mhc fcuole y per ce tflte rhqujhrh trftfojhlte hsph`jij`e hl cf hs`uhcf. F trfvês mh cf ch`turf sh mhsfrreccfl `elthljmes tfchs `eoe7 ]jpecekïfs thxtufchs y mjs`ursjvfs.
]hxte, `elthxte y pfrfthxte. ^remu``jðl y rh`hp`jðl mh ohlsfghs. Ye`fducfrje, ifojcjf mh pfcfdrfs, `fopes shoæltj`es.
HP@TJDJT HL CF HP@XHCF. HP@XHCF. Ph jlsjsth hl quh cf peshsjðl mh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf rhhstru`turf cf `el`jhl`jf per quh pelh hl guhke pre`hses mh flæcjsjs y ghrfrqujzf`jðl hxpcï`jtes quh le sh mfl `el tflte ljvhc mh hxjkhl`jf hl cf `eoulj`f`jðl erfc. Cf hs`rjturf hs ul rjkurese trfdfge quh `eopreohth mhsmh pre`hses jlmjvjmufchs mh jmhf`jðl e `rhf`jðl `rhf` jðl rhcftjv rhcftjves es f cf shch``jðl mh thof thofss y hcfderf` hcfderf`jðl jðl mh prh - thxtes, bfs bfstf tf shsjelh shsjelhss mh trfdfge hl cf `elireltf`jðl mh jmhfs y vfrjflths mh thxtes , `el hspf`jes jlstjtu`jelfcjzfmes pfrf cf ch`turf, hc `eohltfrje y cf `rïtj`f iulmfohltfmf mh ces hs`rjtes. Cf hs`rjturyf ijlfcjmfmhs. hs`rjturf rhqujhrh ulCes `elstf `elstflth lth hltrhlfo hltrhlfojhlte jhlte hl mjihrhlt mjihrhlths mh thxtes `el mjstjlt mjstjltes ieroftes oemhces hstæl hl cf se`jhmfm y hs mh tjpes fbï bfl mh teofrsh, phre es ce ljöes tjhlhl sus prepjfs jmhfs f`hr`f mh ce quh hs ulf `frtf, ul `uhlte, ulf rh`htf mh `e`jlf. Luhvfohlth surkh cf pesjdjcjmfm mh ulf rj`f `elireltf`jðl quh phrojth f ces `bj`es ieroucfr rhkcfs prevjserjfs, `elireltfmfs `el thxtes hxjsthlths, prepelhr y gustjij`fr vfrjflths. Ph prepelh prepelh quh sh mjvhr mjvhrsjij sjijquh quhll cfs pre premu` mu``je `jelhs lhs hs`rj hs`rjtfs tfs y sh ftjhl ftjhlmf mf ul pre predch dchof of mh rhmf``jðl shoflfc. Mjvhrsjij`f`jðl mh rhmf``jelhs7 hs ul pre`hse mh rhmf``jelhs, quh tjhlh `eoe jlj`je cfs rhmf``jelhs –mh hltrfmf‟, ces ljöes mhdhræl hs`rjdjr ul tjpe mh thxte jlmj`fme per hc me`hlth, sjl pfutfs prh`jsfs. Hstf Hstf premu``jðl sjrvh pfrf `ele`hr hc hstfme mh cf `uhstjðl, quê sfdhl ces ljöes sedrh hc tjpe mh thxte, su ierofte, su mhstjlftfrje bfdjtufc, hc rhkjstre hl quh sh hs`rjdh, per mðlmh `jr`ucf. Fmhoæs mh jmhltjij`fr ssus us mjij`uctfmhs leroftjvfs y mh mh `eopesj`jðl. Hc me`hlth le `errjkh, sjle quh shch``jelf ces trfdfges quh utjcjzfræ pfrf trfdfgfr `el hc krupe. Mh hstf oflhrf oflhrf ie`fc ie`fcjzf jzf thof thofs, s, tjpes mh thx thxtes tes,, fsp fsph`t h`tes es rhcft rhcftjve jvess f cf `ebhr `ebhrhl` hl`jf jf y cf `ebhsjðl, leroftjvf, y ces trfdfgf sedrh ces thxtes `el`rhtes mh ces fcuoles, `eltrfstflme ule `el thxtes mh use `eo÷l e mh futer. Cf `er `errh` rh``jð `jðll sh rhf rhfcjz cjzff `ec `ech`t h`tjvf jvfohl ohlth, th, sh rhf rhfcjz cjzfl fl der derrfm rfmerhs erhs,, sh pru pruhdf hdfll iero ierofs, fs, sh rhieroucfl irfshs y sh fpertf ve`fducfrje. ]fodjêl sh rhfcjzfl sjsthoftjzf`jelhs, sh fprhlmh cf ch`turf mh ces thxtes thðrj`es, sh `elsuctf krfoætj`f, mj``jelfrjes `frphtfs. Hc me`hlth kuïf cf fthl`jðl y hc flæcjsjs hl `fmf `fse. Hc trfdfge sh ijlfcjzf `el ulf premu``jðl jlmjvjmufc. Hstf ohtemecekïf rhqujhrh7 Xlf duhlf mjstrjdu`jðl mh ces thofs y `elthljmes mh cf chlkuf per krfme e `j`ce, dfsfme hl hc `urrï`ucuo gurjsmj``jelfc.
Me`hlths Me`hlt hs quh puh puhmfl mfl vjl vjl`ucf `ucfrr ces `el `elthl thljme jmess `urr `urrj`u j`ucfr cfrhs hs `el cfs pre premu` mu``je `jelhs lhs jlifltjchs, sh rhqujhrhl rhuljelhs mh trfdfge, melmh me`hlths hxphrjohltfmes hltrhlhl f ces levhchs. Cf preoe`jðl jlstjtu`jelfc mhc –trfdfge mh hs`rjturf‟, trfdfge `el derrfmerhs, `elsuctfs, ch`turfs `eopfrtjmfs. Hxbjdj`jðl mh vhrsjelhs mh ces hs`rjtes. ]rfdfge `el pre`hsfmer, sj ces budjhrf.
CF ET]EKTFIJF. Hs hc `elgulte mh rhkcfohltf`jelhs sedrh hc hopche mh cf chlkuf, hstfdch`jmfs per hc `elshlse se`jfc y ddæsj`fohlth æsj`fohlth jlfoevjdchs. Cf chlkuf erfc sj rh`ele`h vfrjhmfm vfrjhmfmhs hs hl cf vfrjf`jðl mh hltelf`jðl y prelul`jf`jðl, ces ljöes tjhlmhl f trfscfmfr hstfs vfrjf`jelhs f cf chlkuf hs`rjtf, `errhspelmh f cf hs`uhcf trflsojtjr `el`hptes `cfres y beoekêlhes f prepðsjte mhc thof ertekræij`e. Ph mhdhrïfl khstjelfr preyh`tes mh trfdfge sedrh ertekrfiïf per krfme e `j`ce, f`ermflme fckulfss jmhfs dæsj`f fckulf dæsj`fss rhsph`te mh cf mjihrhl mjihrhl`jf`jð `jf`jðll mh oeohltes hl cf premu``jðl premu``jðl hs`rjtf, pcfljij`f`jðl y `rhf`jðl, y per etre cfme `elih``jðl/ lerofcjzf`jðl ertekræij`f, bfstf quh pfrth mhc pre`hse lerof lerofcjzfmer cjzfmer shf futeoætj`e. Hstf mjihrhl`jf`jðl mh oeohltes fyumf fc hs`rjter f hl ul prjohr oeohlte hltrhkfrsh sjl jlbjdj`jðl y cuhke jl`erperfr `eltrec mh cftrfdfge ierof, mh f trfvês mh cf hl hstrfthk hstrfthkjfs quh `uflme sh vhfl oæs oæs `elvhljhlths (mj``jelfrje mh hcpre`hsfmer, `errh``jðl krupejfsht`.) thoprflfohlth sh jltremuz`fl hstfs præ`tj`fs, ohles shræ shltjme `eoe ul edstæ`uce f cf `rhftjvjmfm. F trfvês mhc hghr`j`je f`tjve mh cf hs`rjturf y su rhcf`jðl `el cf ch`turf, sh mhsfrreccfl thofs `eoe7 Hstru`turf mh cf erf`jðl, hc pærrfie y hc thxte. @ebhrhl`jf khlhrfc7 oflthljojhlte mhc thof, mjstrjdu`jðl mh cf jlierof`jðl mfmf y cf luhvf. Hlcf`hs `ebhsjves7 sustjtu`jðl, hcjpsjs, rhihrhl`jf y `eopfrf`jðl. @errhcf`jðl vhrdfc7 use mh tjhopes y oemes hl hc mjs`urse.
Ye`fducfrje7 @fope shoæltj`e, ifojcjf mh pfcfdrfs y ierof`jðl mh pfcfdrfs. Hl sïlthsjs, sh trftf mh oflthlhr pfrf temes ces krfmes hl ierof pfrfchcf y krfmufmf mh f``jelhs sesthljmfs rhihrhlths f 7 Cf hs`u`bf y cf hxprhsjðl erfc. Cf ch`turf mh ij``jðl y le ij``jðl, hstf ÷ctjof vjl`ucfmf trflsvhrsfcohlth `el temfs cfs mjs`jpcjlfs. Hstrfthkjfs mh ch`turf y ch`turf mh ohmjes ofsjves. Cf hs`rjturf, sus hstrfthkjfs y su vjl`ucf`jðl `el cfs..... kræij`fs.
CHHT Z HP@TJDJT F CEP 8 F. O. Derzelh mh Oflrjquh @el`jhl`jf cjlkóïstj`f
Ces ljöes mh `jl`e föes quh le chhl lj hs`rjdhl le tjhlhl `el`jhl`jf mh ces seljmes ( `el`jhl`jf ielecðkj`f) ojhltrfs quh ces mh shjs quh hstæl fprhlmjhlme sj ofljijhstfl thlhr hsth `ele`jojhlte. F trfvês mh guhkes ces ljöes `eohlzfrel f rh`ele`hr hc ermhlfojhlte sh`uhl`jfc mh cfs pfcfdrfs hl cf hojsjðl erfc y f jmhltjij`fr hl cf hs`rjturf cfs pfcfdrfs `el rhihrhl`jf f su pesj`jðl hl cf hojsjðl erfc. @fdh ohl`jelfr quh le sh jl`cuyh cf shkohltf`jðl hl sïcfdfs, per quh fc shr uljmfmhs lfturfchs mh frtj`ucf`jðl, sel oæs f``hsjdchs pfrf hc ljöe y le ifverh`h cf shkohltf`jðl hl seljmes. Hl ulf jlvhstjkf`jðl pesthrjer, sh pume `eopredfr quh `uflme ces ljöes sel cchvfmes f prhstfr fthl`jðl f ces seljmes mh cfs pfcfdrfs ohmjflth f``jelhs hsph`ïij`fs mh `el`jhl`jf ielecðkj`f, dus`fl kufrmfr cf rhcf`jðl krfiïf/ seljme, ful hl sus prjohrfs hs`rjturfs, tfodjêl quh cfs f``jelhs mh shkohltf`jðl mh hojsjelhs hl pfcfdrfs ifverh`hl hc rh`ele`jojhlte mh êstfs hl cf hs`rjturf. Xl prjohr f`hr`fojhlte kcedfc f ces seljmes f trfvês mh cfs rjofs, r jofs, cfs `ufchs erjhltfl cf ijgf`jðl mh cf fthl`jðl hl ces seljmes quh `eopelhl mjstjltfs pfcfdrfs. Cf premu``jðl mh luhvfs rjofs, fc oemjij`fr hc sjkljij`fme erjkjlfc mhc thxte, mflme cukfr f luhves sjkljij`fmes. Ph bf `uhst `uhstjelfme jelfme hc trfdf trfdfge ge `el seljmes, per quh le sel uljmfm uljmfmhs hs sjkljij`ft sjkljij`ftjvfs. jvfs. Ph sestjhlh quh hc sjkljij`fme hstæ hlCescfsguhkes sjtuf`jelhs hxphrjhl`jfs quh vjvhl ces ljöes le hl pfrths mhc chlkufgh per sï ojsofs. `el cesy seljmes ch phrojthl fc ljöe teofry`el`jhl`jf mh quh cfs pfcfdrfs hstæl ierofmfs per uljmfmhs ohlerhs h jlmu`jr cfs rhcf`jelhs krfiïf/ seljme. Hl hstf prepuhstf hc chlkufgh erfc le sh jlmhphlmjzf mhc hs`rjte. Mhsmh hc `eojhlze hc me`hlth hs`rjdh cfs rjofs, cfs pfcfdrfs, ces `uhltes, cfs hxphrjhl`jfs, ces ohlsfghs, cfs `frtfs y cfs letj`jfs quh ces ljöes premu`hl. Hxphrjhl`jfs mh chlkufgh Drfscfvsa Drfscf vsayy / Mew Mewljlk ljlk77 Mew Mewljlk ljlk pre prepus pusee fth fthlmh lmhrr f ces sjkujh sjkujhlths lths fsp fsph`t h`tes es ier ierofc ofchs hs y iul`jelfchs mhc chlkufgh pfrf if`jcjtfr hc fprhlmjzfgh7 Th`ele`jojhlte mh f``jelhs mh ch`turf. Meojlje mh ul chlkufgh tê`lj`e (l÷ohres, chtrfs, pfcfdrfs) @eoprhlsjðl mh ces uses y iul`jelhs mh cf hs`rjturf. @el`jhl`jf cjlkóïstj`f. @eoprhlsjðl mh quh cf hs`rjturf hs chlkufgh y tjhlh sjkljij`fme. Mewljlk Mewlj lk hliftjz hliftjzff hl cf lh`hsjm lh`hsjmfm fm mh bf`hr `eoprh `eoprhlmhr lmhr f ces ljöes quh chhr y hs`rjdjr tjhlhl ul prepðsjte- `eoulj`frsh, rhkjstrfr hxphrjhl`jfs, fprhlmhr, mjsirutfr mhc thxte- cf hs`rjturf mhdh jlkrhsfr hl hc fucf `eoe etre ohmje mh `eoulj`f`jðl, `el ces uses y iul`jelhs quh tjhlh hl cf se`jhmfm fcifdhtjzfmf. Cf prepuhstf mh cf Mrf. Drfscfvsay, ofr`ð ul `fodje iulmfohltfc hl cf phmfkekïf mh cf ch`turf7 `hltrð cf jlj`jf`jðl hl ces fsph`tes iul`jelfchs, cjlkóïstj`es y `ekljtjves quh sel hsph`ï hsp h`ïij`e ij`ess mh cf ch`tu ch`turf rf y cf hs`rj hs`rjtur turff y pcflt pcflthð hð cf pesjd pesjdjcjm jcjmfm fm mh `eo `eohlz hlzfr fr ulf f``jðl f``jðl sjsthoætj`f `el fodfs, hl cf hs`uhcf flths mh ces shjs föes. Cf f``jðl dæsj`f hs hs`rjdjr ce quh hhcc ljöe mj`h. ^rjerjzflme cf jmhf quh ces jlthrhshs mhc ljöe, sus hxphrjhl`jfs y su chlkufgh tjhlh ul rec rhchvflth hl hc fprhlmjzfgh.
^frtjhlme mhc jlthr`fodje erfc hltrh hc me`hlth y ces ljöes, `hltrfme hl sus hxphrjhl`jfs rh`jhlths. Hcfderfl hltrh temes ul thxte, quh hc me`hlth hs`rjdh f cf vjstf mh temes y cuhke hc me`hlth jlvjtf f ces ljöes f cf ch`turf. Thsuctfmes7 Ces ljöes fprhlmhl f pre`hsfr cf hs`rjturf hl ierof sjkljij`ftjvf hl têrojles mh su prep pr epjf jf ch chlk lkuf uf y mh su `e `ele le`jo `jojhl jhlte te mh mhcc ou oulm lme. e. Fc ch chhr hr y hs`r hs`rjd jdjr jr se sedr drhh su sus s
hxphrjhl`jfs, cf hs`rjturf sh fpeyf hl cf sjtuf`jðl hl cf quh e`urrh. F ohmjmf quh fvflzfl hl hc `ele`jojhlte mh cf hs`rjturf, êstf puhmh bf`hrsh oæs hxpcï`jtf, `el ohger sestêl sestêl hl hc `elthxte `elthxte.. ^er ce quh sh jlj`jf hl hc pre`hse mh fcifd fcifdhtjzf htjzf`jðl `jðl f trfvês mh ulf hs`rj hs`rjturf turf quh ofltjh ofltjhlh lh `jhrtfs `frf`thrï `frf`thrïstj`fs stj`fs mhc chlkufgh erfc, quh hs iul`jelfc, jlthrf`tjvf y futekhlhrfmf. Le sh shpfrf cf hlshöflzf mh cf ch`turf y hs`rjturf mh ces etres hvhltes mh chlkufgh hl hc fucf, sjle quh sh jlthkr jlthkrff `eoe ul f`eopföf f`eopföfojhlte ojhlte `eltjlue mh f`tjvjmf f`tjvjmfmhs mhs mh bfdcfr y hs`u`bfr, y `eoe ulf oflhrf fcthrlftjvf mh `eoulj`fr y hxprhsfrsh. Ces ljöes sel futerhs (hs`rjterhs) y ch`terhs hl ierof sjouctælhf, mhs`udrjhlme f trfvês mh cf hxphrjhl`jf quh cf hs`rjturf y cf ch`turf sh rhcf`jelfl per sjkljij`fme y use. Ces `bj`es fmqujhrhl hstrfthkjfs mh pre`hmjojhlte ( prhmh`jr, erkfljzfr, oeljterhfr su prepje pre`hse mh `eoprhlsjðl, rhichxjelfr sedrh cf jlierof`jðl mhc thxte) fc thlhr ulf vfrjhmfm mh epertuljmfmhs pfrf hs`u`bfr y shkujr `el cf vjstf mh ul thxte f ohmjmf quh hs chïme. Ces `bj`es fprhlmhl fsph`tes mh cf hs`rjturf7 mjrh``jelfcjmfm, tjpe mh chtrf, use mh cf ofy÷s`ucf, ofy÷s` ucf, sjkles mh pultuf pultuf`jðl. `jðl. Fprhlm Fprhlmhl hl tfodjêl f rh`ele`hr pfcf pfcfdrfs, drfs, chtrf chtrfss y sïcfdfs.
Fsph`tes jopertflths mh cf prepuhstf7 Hc chlkufgh mhc ljöe `eoe pulte mh pfrtjmf pfrf hc fprhlmjzfgh. Hc chlkufgh erfc y hs`rjte jlthkrfmes hl hxphrjhl`jfs `eoulj`ftjvfs hl cfs quh fodes sel lh`hsfrjes. Cf hs`rjturf mhc terle, prepfkflmfs, hlvfshs, `frthchs ht`.
Ces thxtes, mhsmh hc prjohr oeohlte, `el sus mjstjltfs iul`jelhs (`frtfs, ohlsfghs, `uhltes, ht`.) Hc trfdfge hl krupe (fc hliftj hliftjzfr zfr hc fprhlm fprhlmjzfgh jzfgh ohmjflth hxphrjh hxphrjhl`jfs l`jfs mjrh`tfs mjrh`tfs,, temes sel lh`hsfrjes pfrf bf`h fcke, temes fpertfl). Cfs uljmfmhs (chtrfs, seljmes, sïcfdfs, pfcfdrfs) hl hc `elthxte mh guhkes vhrdfchs ( gukfr f phs`fr chtrfs hl ulf ph`hrf rhfcjzfmf per ces ljöes, y hc kflfmer hs hc quh ierof cf prjohrf pfcfdrf.
Bfdcfr y hs`u`bfr7 hc jlthr`fodje vhrdfc hl hc fucf Ces pre`hses mh `elstru``jðl mhc `ele`jojhlte tjhlh cukfr hl cf jlthrf``jðl me`hlth/ fcuole y fmucte /ljöe. Cfs rhspuhstfs `eltjlkhlths mhc fmucte f cfs hojsjelhs mh ces ljöes- sel cfs rhspuhstfs quh teoflmhy ofltjhlhl thof (tðpj`e) prhshltfme per hc ljöe- tjhlhl ul hih`te pesjtjve hl hc pre`hse fprhlmjzfghhccjlkóïstj`e. Cfs rhspuhstfs `eltjlkhlths, `fthkerïfs7
Thphtj`jelhs7 hc fmucte rh rhpjth pjth ce quh hc ljöe mj mj`h1 `h1 sj hc ljöe mj` mj`hh ‐fdf, hc fm fmucte ucte mj`h- sj fkuf y ch preper`jelf cf prelul`jf`jðl prelul`j f`jðl `errh`tf mh cf pfcfdrf. Thhstru`turf`jelhs 7 hc fmucte ofltjhlh hc sjkljij`fme `hltrfc mh cf hojsjðl mhc ljöe, phre jltremu`h `fodjes hstru`turfchs quh jopcj`fl oemjij`fr e preper`jelfr fck÷l `eopelhlth `eope lhlth ifctflth ifctflth.. ‐ pfte pfpæ- mj`h hc ljöe. Hc fmucte `elths `elthstftf- Pj ces zfpftes mh ^fpf-.
@eltjluf`jelhs7 sh ofltjhlh y sh hxpflmh hc tðpj`e mh cf hojsjðl jlifltjc. - muhch, ofoæ- mj`h hc ljöe. ‐ sj th muhch cf remjccf per quh th kecphfsth- `elthstf hc fmucte. F trfvês mh cf jlthrf``jðl ofmrh/ljöe/thxte, ces ljöes mhsfrreccfl hstrfthkjfs mh premu``jðl y `eoprhlsjðl mh mjs`urse lfrrftjve. Pjl hodfrke, tflte hl hc æodjte ifojcjfr `eoe hl hc hs`ecfr, cf jlthrf``jðl `el hc thxte, hl sï ojsof, le hs suij`jhlth, sjle quh sel mhthrojlfmfs ierofs mh jlthrf`tufr y chhr `uhltes cfs quh kfrfltjzfl hc fprhlmjzfgh. Bfy vfrjes hstjces quh ifverh`hl cf pfrtj`jpf`jðl vhrdfc mh ces ljöes, qujhlhs `el hc fpeye mh cfs jlthrvhl`jelhs mh cf ofhstrf puhmhl premu`jr ul rhcfte `ebhrhlth mhc `uhlte chïme per hccf, ojhltrfs quh etres hstjces le ce phrojthl. Cfs hstrfthkjfs mh fpeye mh cfs ofhstrfs suhchl shr cfs ojsofs quh cfs mh cfs ofmrhs7 rhphtj`jelhs, rhhstru`turf`jelhs, `eltjluf`jelhs. Mhdjmee f quh cf jlthrf Mhdjm jlthrf``jðl ``jðl sh mf mmhh iero ieroff `ech` `ech`tjvf, tjvf, hltel` hltel`hs hs surk surkhh cf lh` lh`hsjmf hsjmfmm mh `rhf `rhfr r
ul sjtuf`jðl hl cf quh cf ofhstrf puhmf jlthrf`tufr oæs hxthlsfohlth `el `fmf ljöe f cf vhz, surkjð cf sjtuf`jðl mh –]jho –]jhope pe mh `eop `eopfrtjr frtjr‟‟ , hs ulf prepuhstf mh fcifdhtjzf`jðl, hs ulf sjtuf`jðl hsph`jfc mh prhpfrf`jðl erfc, hl hccf ces c es ljöes jræl prhshltflme cf jlierof`jðl `eoe ce bfrïfl hl ul thxte hs`rjte, thljhlme hl `uhltf cf fumjhl`jf, me`hlth y `eopföhres. Ch`turf mh pfcfdrfs Z thxtes –Bf`hr `eoe chh‟ sh leodrf f cf `fpf`jmfm mhc ljöe mh rhphtjr hl ierof `fsj cjthrfc teme hc thxte mh ul `uhlte quh sh ch bf sjme chïme vfrjfs vh`hs. Hstf f`tjvjmfm hs fctfohlth sjkljij sjkljij`ft `ftjvf jvf,, yf quh `eo `eojhl jhlzf zf f mjrjkjr mjrjkjr,, oel oeljter jterhfr hfr y `er `errhk rhkjr jr sus pre prepjf pjfss hst hstrft rfthkj hkjfs fs mh fprhlmjzfgh. Hc ljöe prjohr prjohree pfrtj`jpf `eoe eyhlth f`tjve y cuhke `eoe ul –ch`t –ch`ter‟ er‟ y –rhcf –rhcfter ter mh `uhlt `uhltes‟. es‟. Ojhltrfs sh preiulmjzf hl hcpjstfs pre`hse, ohles icujmhz peshh cf ch`turf yf quh hc ljöe `eojhlzf oæs f –fgustfr‟ usflme `eoe cf hs`rjturf. Hstf fprexjof`jðl kcedfc f cf ch`turf , hl cf quh me`hlths y ljöes chhl gultes, le sðce `elsjkuh quh hc ljöe fprhlmf f chhr, sjle tfodjêl quh ch c h fyumf f kflfr `elijflzf `eoe ch`ter. Hc edghtjve hs cf ierof`jðl mh ch`terhs f`tjves, ch`terhs quh phr`jdhl f cf ch`turf `eoe ulf ierof mh `eoulj`fr sjkljij`fmes y mh `elstrujr f`tjvfohlth hc sjkljij`fme mh ces thxtes. Xlf ierof mh fyumfr f ces ljöes f shr ch`terhs f`tjves hs hlshöfrchs f ieroucfr sus prepjfs prhkultfs. Hc me`hlth mhdh ieroucfr prhkultfs, pfrf edthlhr etrf prhkultf e f`hr`fr ul thxte quh fyumh f rhspelmhr cf prhkultf mhc fcuole. Ces ljöes mhdhl tfodjêl teofr `el`jhl`jf mh quh hs lh`hsfrje usfr hc `ele`jojhlte quh yf tjhlhl pfrf `eoprhlmhr ul thxte. Mhsmh ulf `el`hp`jðl `ekljtjvf , cf ch`turf sh prhshltf `eoe ulf f`tjvjmfm cjlkóïstj`e - `ekljtjvf `ekljt jvf ouy `eopch `eopchgf gf quh sh rhfcjzf ohmjflth pre`hses hl jlthrf` jlthrf``jðl. `jðl. Hstes pre`hses mfl cu cukf kfrr f cf `e `els lstru tru`` ``jð jðll oh ohlt ltfc fc e ul oe oemh mhce ce oh ohlt ltfc fc mh mhcc th thxt xtee qu quhh sh hstæ hstæ ch chyh yhlm lme, e, cf `elstru``jðl mh ul oemhce mhc sjkljij`fme mhc thxte.
Hc `ele`jojhlte mh cfs hstru`turfs mh ces mjs`urses if`jcjtf cf `eoprhlsjðl y `elstru``jðl mh thxtes. Hc l÷`che mhc fprhlmjzfgh mh cf ch`turf sh `elsjsth hl cf rhprhshltf`jelhs ohltfchs (pfcfdrfs, sjkljij`fme, ht`) hc ljöe `ele`h yf `ele`h yf, cf hstru`turf ielecðkj`f mh ou`bfs pfcf pfcfdr drfs fs,, ce qu quhh ch ph phro rojtjthh fr frtjtj`u `ucf cfrcf rcfs, s, hc sj sjkl kljijij` j`fm fmee y su iul iul`j `jðl ðl sj sjlt ltæ` æ`tj` tj`f. f. F hste hstes s `ele`jojhltes mhdh jl`erperfr etre- cf hstru`turf ertekræij`f- mh oflhrf tfc quh puhmf vhr cf pfcfdrf y rh`ele`hr su sjkljij`fme. Cfs f``jelhs `el ces seljmes f cfs quh les rhihrjoes fc trftfr hc thof mh cf `el`jh trftfr `el`jhl`jf l`jf cjlkóïstj cjlkóïstj`f, `f, cf ch`turf rhphtjmf mh thxtes y pfcfd pfcfdrfs rfs y hc trfdfge `el pfcfdrfs, sel temfs temfs f`tjvjmfmhs quh fpultfl f cf ierof`jðl mh rhprhshltf`jelhs ohltfchs. Cf ch`turf mh mjihrhlths tjpes mh thxtes- `uhltes, letj`jfs, ohlsfghs, ht`.- `eltrjduyhl fc `ele`jojhlte mh cf hstru`turf khlhrfc mh hstes mjs`urses, hs cf ierof hl quh hl hcces sh erkfljzf cf jlierof`jðl F trfvês mh hstfs f`tjvjmfmhs hc ljöe pelh hl guhke hstrfthkjfs mh flfcekïf(rh`ele`h ulf pfcfdrf hl rhcf`jðl `el etrf . `fof - `fsf). Mh flæcjsjs (ljme - lume) mh jltremu``jðl mh rhcf`jðl rhcf` jðl krfiïf /seljme7 temfs hstrf hstrfthkjfs thkjfs lh`hsf lh`hsfrjfs rjfs pfrf hc rh`ele rh`ele`jojhlt `jojhltee mh pfcfd pfcfdrfs rfs quh pesjdjcjtf hc jlkrhse fc pre`hse mh `eoprhlsjðl hl ch`turf. Hs`rjturf mh pfcfdrfs y thxtes Cfs sjtuf`jelhs mh hs`rjturf quh luhstrf prepuhstf rhspelmhl f hstfs `elmj`jelhs , yf shf hl sjtuf`jelhs mh hs`rjturf hspeltælhf e hs`rjturf mh thxtes `el ul prepðsjte mhthrojlfme per hc krupe. Cf hs`rjturf hspeltælhf, hl cf quh hc ljöe hs`rjdh –`eoe sfdh‟ y hc me`hlth le l e `errjkh sjle quh hstjoucf f shkujr premu`jhlme, tjhlh per edghte quh hc ljöe fmqujhrf shkurjmfm `eoe hs`rjter. ^frf hsth tjpe mh hs`rjturf hs jopertflth cf le`jðl mh p÷dcj`e, sh hs`rjdh ul thxte pfr quh shf chïme per etres. Hc prekrfof prekrfof H@EP Hc leodrh mhc prekrfof H@EP, sjlthtjzf cf `el`hp`jðl `ekljtjvf - `eoulj`ftjvf quh sudyf`h f cf prepuhstf7 sh fprhlmh f chhr y hs`rjdjr hl sjtuf`jelhs `eoulj`ftjvfs quh pelhl hl rhcf`jðl fc me`hlth, hc thxte y f ces ljöes. Cf ch`turf y cf hs`rjturf sel ohmjes mh `eoulj`f`jðl `uflme sh rhfcjzfl `el ul prepðsjte. Hc trfdfge `el ces seljmes pfrf mhsfrreccfr `el`jhl`jf cjlkóïstj`f, cfs ch`turf rhphtjmfs mh ulf vfrjhmfm mh thxtes, hc jlthr`fodje vhrdfc irh`uhlth, ces guhkes `el pfcfdrfs, cf hs`rjturf quh rhfcjzff hc me`hlth quh thxtes quh ces ljöes premu`h rhfcjz premu`hll y cf hs`rjt hs`rjturf urf hspeltæ hspeltælhf lhf mh ces ljöes- f``jelhs quh sh rhpjthl hl krfl vfrjhmfm mh sjtuf`jelhs-`elstjtuyhl hc l÷`che mh cf prepuhstf. Hsth prekrfof jl`erperf fprexjof`jelhs kcedfchs y flfcïtj`fs f cf hs`rjturf f trfvês mh ulf shrjh mh f``jelhs f``jelhs `el hc chlkuf chlkufgh gh erfc y hs`rjte quh if`jc if`jcjtfl jtfl hc f``hse f ulf mjvhr mjvhrsjmfm sjmfm mh `ele`j `el e`jojh ojhlte ltess y bfd bfdjcjm jcjmfmh fmhss cjl cjlkóïs kóïstj` tj`e-` e-`ekl ekljtj jtjvfs vfs.. Mh fbï quh pre prepel pelkf kf quh ces ljöe ljöes s jlthrf`t÷hl sjouctælhfohlth y mhsmh hc `eojhlze, `el temfs cfs hstru`turfs mjs`ursjvfs, uljmfmhs ‐chtrf, seljme, pfcfdrf, thxte - y rh`urses mhc chlkufgh hs`rjte hl ulf vfrjhmfm mh sjtuf`jelhs `eoulj`ftjvfs. Hc trfdfge trfdfge `el cf cfss f` f``jelhs `jelhs hs `ï`cj`e per quh vuhcvh f jlkrhsfr `elstflthohlth f trfvês mh luhvfs luh vfs sjtuf sjtuf`je `jelhs. lhs. Mhlt Mhltre re mh `fmf `fmf f`` f``jðl jðl sh pcf pcflthf lthf ulf prekrhsjðl hl `uflte f ces `ele`jojhltes puhstes hl guhke y cf pfrtj`jpf`jðl mh ces ljöes y mhc me`hlth. ^hre ces
`ele`jojhltess sh rhteof `ele`jojhlte rhteofll ulf y etrf vhz y sh fvflz fvflzff fc ojso ojsoee tjhope sedrh hcces pfrf mfr f temes ces ljöes o÷ctjpchs epertuljmfmhs mh fprhlmjzfgh. µ@ðoe hlshöfl ces ofhstres y fprhlmhl ces ljöes5 ^frf Yjketsay, hc if`ter `hltrfc mhc pre`hse hmu`ftjve hs cf ierof ÷lj`f mh `ecfderf`jðl hltrh hc fmucte y hc ljöe. Hc `el`hpte zelf mh mhsfrrecce prðxjoe hs hc hcfderfme per Yjketsay pfrf mfr `uhltf mh cf rhcf`jðl quh kufrmfl hltrh sï hc fprhlmjzfgh y hc mhsfrrecce. @elsjmhrf quh hs lh`hsfrje mhscjlmfr mes ljvhchs mh mhsfrrecce ohltfc7 ul ljvhc hvecutjve rhfc y ul ljvhc mh mhsfrrecce pethl`jfc. Hc prjohre hs hc mhsfrrecce mh cfs iul`jelhs ohltfchs hstfdch`jme `eoe rhsuctfme mh ul `j`ce hvecutjve. Hc shkulme, hc pethl`jfc , hste hs ce quh ces ljöes puhmhl bf`hr `el fyumf mh etre, hs ul ohger ïlmj`h mhc mhsfrrecce ohltfc mhc ljöe. Cf zelf mh mhsfrrecce prðxjoe hs cf mjstfl`jf hltrh hc ljvhc rhfc, mhthrojlfme per cf `fpf`jmfm mh rhsecvhr jlmhphlmjhlthohlth ul predchof y hc ljvhc pethl`jfc, mhthrojlfme f trfvês mh cf rhsecu`jðl mh ul predchof dfge cf kuïf mh ul ffmucte mucte e hl `ecfderf`jðl `el etre `eopföhre oæs `fpfz. Xlf ierof mh jlthrvhl`jðl mhc fmucte pfrf `ecfderfr `el hc fcuole hs oestrfrch mjihrhlths ierofs mh rhsecvhr ul predchof e jlj`jfr cf secu`jðl mhc ojsoe pfrf quh hc ljöe `eopchth cf rhsecu`jðl. Cf zelf mh mhsfrrecce prðxjoe mhijlh `fpf`jmfmhs quh temfvïf le sh bfl mhsfrreccfme phre quh hstæl hl pre`hse mh bf`hrce. Phk÷l hc futer ul –duhl fprhlmjzfgh‟ hs sðce fquhc quh vf per mhcflth mhc mhsfrrecce. Fmhoæs mh shr ul ihlðo ihlðohle hle se`j se`jfc fc,, jlt jlthr hrph phrs rself elfc.c. Cf ze zelf lf mh mhsf mhsfrr rrec ecce ce pr prðx ðxjo joee le hs ul ulf f `frf`thrïstj`f mhc ljöe, sjle mhc ljöe e`upfme hl ulf f`tjvjmfm `ecfderftjvf mhltre mh ul hlterle se`jfc hsph`ïij`e. Hc ie`e hstæ puhste hl hc sjsthof se`jfc mhltre mhc `ufc ces ljöes fprhlmhr. Flmfojfgh (Drulhr)7 hs cf hstru`turf`jðl quh hc fmucte bf`h mh cf tfrhf y mh cf jlthrf``jðl hl cf quh êstf tjhlh cukfr pfrf if`jcjtfr hc fprhlmjzfgh mh ces oæs gðvhlhs. Hc futer prepelh cf jmhf mh ierofte `eoe ul hghopce mh flmfojfgh, pfrf fquhccfs sjtuf`jelhs mh cf vjmf hl cfs quh hc fmucte rhpjth `el hc ljöe cfs ojsofs rutjlfs. Dföe, `eojmfs, ch`turfs mh `uhlte. Hl hstfs hstrfthkjfs hc fmucte f`t÷f `eoe oemhce erkfljzfmer y oeljter bfstf quh hc ljöe puhmh mhshophöfrsh per sï ojsoe. F``jelhs mhc fmucte quh rhspelmhl f cf jmhf mh ierofte7 ierofte7 Mfr hghopce7 @el chltjtum y hxfkhrflme cfs f``jelhs pfrf sudrfyfrcfs y oestrfr fc ljöe hc rhsuctfme `eopchte. Mfr pjstfs7 pjstfs7 ulf vhz hstf hstfdch`jm dch`jmff cf rutjlf e sudrutj sudrutjlf, lf, hc fmucte pu puhmh hmh hl ul oeohlte, mfr pjstfs sedrh `uæc hs hc oeo oeohlte hlte epertule pf pfrf rf usfrcf y quh hc ljöe puhmf fc`flz fc`flzfr fr ul rhsuctfme ihcjz. Mfr fpeye (flmfojfgh)7 hc fmucte fyumf fc ljöe hl `uflte oflthlhr cf fthl`jðl hl cf tf tfrh rhf, f, fs fsïï `e `eoe oe tf tfod odjê jêll f `e `elt ltre recf cfrr ce cess mh mhtf tfcccchs hs.. Hs Hstf tf f``j f``jðl ðl hs mhleoj mhl eojlfm lfmff –`e –`elst lstru` ru``jðl `jðl mh iero ierofte ftes‟ s‟ ul pre pre`hm `hmjoj jojhlt hltee mh pfr cjoj cjojtfr tfr cf `eopchgjmfm mh cfs tfrhfs f fquhccfs sjtuf`jelhs hl cfs quh hc ljöe hs `fpfz mh
cchvfrcfs f `fde y mh hvfcufr jlierof`jðl pre`hmhlth mh cf rhtrefcjohltf`jðl sjl fyumf mh lfmjh. Hchvfr hc ljvhc7 `uflme hc ljöe yf bf meojlfme ul `eopelhlth mh cf c f tfrhf, mhdh shr fchltfme f fc`flzfr ulf ohtf oæs mjiï`jc. Êstf hs ulf ierof mh preoevhr hc fvfl`h hl hc fprhlmjzfgh y ul hchohlte mh vfrjf`jðl fmucte - ljöe, quh hvjth hc fdurrjojhlte y cf pêrmjmf mh jlthrês hl cf c f f``jðl.
Mfr jlstru` jlstru``je `jelhs lhs77 @uflm @uflmee hc ljöe yf sfdh `ðo `ðoee sh bf` bf`hh y puhm puhmhh jl`cus jl`cuse e hxpcj`fr ce quh bf`h, hs `uflme hc fmucte puhmh usfr hxjtesfohlth jlstru``jelhs vhrdfchs, cfs `ufchs fpfrh`hl sðce `uflme hc ljöe hs `fpfz mh `emjij`fr sus f`tes hl rhihrhl`jf `elgultf `el hc jlthrce`uter, hc fmucte. ]emfs cfs f``jelhs quh tjhlhl cukfr hl hc fucf- f``jelhs mh jlthr`fodje erfc, mh ch`turf y mh hs`rjturf- hc me`hlth oemhcf hl ul `eojhlze cf tfrhf, per hghopce. Hs`rjdjr ce quh mj`tfl ces ljöes. @rhfr hspf`jes pfrf quh ces ljöes hs`rjdfl ce quh shpfl.
Hc fprhlmjzfgh hl jlthrf``jðl Ces ljöes tjhlh quh jlthrf`tufr `el fmuctes y etres ljöes quh puhmhl le `eopfrtjr su oeme mh pfrtj`j pfr tj`jpfr pfr hl ulf `el `elvhr vhrsf` sf`jðl jðl , sus `el `ele`j e`jojh ojhltes ltes y rhp rhprhs rhshlt hltf`j f`jelh elhss se` se`je` je`uctu ucturfc rfchs. hs. F mjihrhl`jf mh ce quh e`urrh hl hc ohmje ifojcjfr, hc ljöe mhdh bf`hrsh `eoprhlmhr per etres quh le ce `ele`hl y quh le `eopfrthl su dfsh mh `ele`jojhlte. Hc me`hlth mhdh sfcvfkufrmfr cf `eoulj`f`jðl hij`fz (hlthlmhr y shr hlthlmjme) pfrf fc`flzfr ul duhl rhsuctfme. Et Etrf rf iero ieroff mh mfr fpeye peye f cf hxprh xprhsj sjðl ðl mhc ljö jöee hs f tr trfv fvês ês mh hx hxppfls flsje jelh lhss y rhhstru`turf`jelhs mh cf hojsjðl jlifltjc. Hc me`hlth rhpjth ce quh prhsuoh quh qujhrh mh`jr y `eopchtf `el ces hchohltes ifctflths. Etre fsph`te f thlhr hl `uhltf hs cf sjohtrïf mh jlthr`fodje, êstf sh mf sj ces pfrtj`jpflths mh ulf `elvhrsf`jðl sh hl`uhltrfl f ul ojsoe ljvhc, sj bfy hqujcjdrje hl hc jlthr`fodje vhrdfc, per hlmh hc me`hlth mhdh kujfr mj`be jlthr`fodje, le sudermjlfr hc rec mhc fcuole. Fsjojsoe ul hstjce sjl`reljzfme y sjoêtrj`e mh jlthrf``jðl mf cukfr f cf `ecfderf`jðl hltrh cces es ljöes hl hc mhsfrrecce y hcfderf`jðl mh ul thof y hl cf rhfcjzf`jðl mh tfrhfs. Ces ljöes vfl teoflme ces turles hl ierof su`hsjvf sjl jlthrvhl`jðl mhc me`hlth y fpertflme hchohltes fc tðpj`e pcflthfme. F trfvês mh hstes rh`urses mh fpeye f cf pfrtj`jpf`jðl, fc fijflzfojhlte mh cf futehstjof y cekrð quh ces ljöes fmqujhrfl shkurjmfm hl su hxprhsjðl y quh jlthrvhlkfl hspeltælhfohlth. Chhr y hs`rjdjr hl Gfrmïl ^cflthe mh fcifdhtjzf`jðl hl hc gfrmïl `eoe f``jðl prhvhltjvf mhc irf`fse hs`ecfr 7 Hc `ele`jojhlte mh cfs mjihrhl`jfs hl `uflte f sfdhrhs sedrh cf hs`rjturf y uses mhc chlkufgh erfc hltrh ljöes mh mjstjltf pre`hmhl`jf se`jfc. Hc mhs`udrjojhlte mh cf pethl`jfcjmfm mhc ljöe phquhöe pfrf fprhlmhr. Hc rh`ele`jojhlte rh`ele`jojhlte mhc vfc vfcer er y hc hih`te mh ces fprhlmjzf fprhlmjzfghs ghs thoprf thoprfles les sedrh ces fprhlmjzfghs pesthrjerhs. Cf the therïf rïf mhc mêi mêij`j j`jtt cjl cjlkóï kóïstj stj`e `e pes pestucf tucfdf df quh ces ljöe ljöess pre prevhl vhljhl jhlth th mh ces sh` sh`ter terhs hs pepucfrhs irf`fsfdfl, per quh hrfl jl`eophthlths pfrf mhshophöfrsh cjlkóïstj`fohlth hl mhthrojlfmes `elthxtes `eoulj`ftjves y ftrjduïfl hsf prhsultf jl`eophthl`jf f rhstrj``jelhs
prepjfs mhc `ðmjke quh usfdfl. Pj djhl cfs mjihrhl`jfs hltrh se`je - mjfch`tes le jopcj`f mêij`jt, cfs mjihrhl`jfs mjihrhl`jfs mh ces uses mhc chlkuf chlkufgh gh puhmhl pcflt pcflthfr hfr mjij`uc mjij`uctfmhs tfmhs f fquhcc fquhcces es ljöes quh le bfl thljme hxphrjhl`jf hl su ohmje ifojcjfr , `el ces uses quh cf hs`uhcf rhqujhrh. Hc premu`te premu`te hmu hmu`ft `ftjve jve rhs rhsuctf uctf hltel hltel`hs `hs,, mh cf jlt jlthrf hrf``j ``jðl ðl mh if`terhs mh ermhl se`jfc, psj`ecðkj`es, mjmæ`tj`e y ofthrjfc quh jlthrvjhlhl hc pre`hse mh cf hlshöflzf. Cf jlvhstjkf`jðl bf puhste mh ofljijhste ces sjkujhlths if`terhs7
Cfs hxphrjhl`jfs cjlkóïstj`fs quh bfl thljme hl hc bekfr , le prhpfrfl f ces ljöes suij`jhlthohlth pfrf rhspelmhr f cfs hxjkhl`jfs mhc chlkufgh mh cf hmu`f`jðl ierofc. Mjij`uctfmhs hc ofhstre pfr mh`emjij`fr hc ohlsfgh mhc ljöe hl `uflte fsph`tes cêxj`es, sjltæ`tj`es y ielecðkj`es `uflme le `ejl`jmhl `el ces mh se`je - mjfch`te1 y pfrf jlthrprhtfr hc `elthljme `uflme êsth hstæ fchgfme mh su oulme se`jfc mh rhihrhl`jf. Hstjces jlierofchs mh fprhlmjzfgh hl hc ohmje ifojcjfr quh mjijhrhl mh ces hstjces mh fprhlmjzfgh hs`ecfr. Fckules ljöes bfl thljme hl su bbekfr ekfr ul `eltf`te irh`uhlth `el cf hs`rjturf, ojhltrfs quh etres ce bfl rh`jdjme hs`fsfohlth, per ce khlhrfc hste ÷ctjoe sh mf hl ces sh`terhs pepucf pep ucfrhs rhs.. Ces fpr fprhlm hlmjzf jzfghs ghs tho thoprf prfles les jl` jl`jmh jmhll hl hc rjto rjtoee mh ces fpr fprhlm hlmjzf jzfghs ghs pesthrjerhs bf`jhlme quh hstes sh f`hchrhl . –Hih`te Ofthe‟ 7 7 rj`es oæs rj`es, pedrhs oæs pedrhs, fchrtf sedrh cfs `elsh`uhl`jfs mrfoætj`fs mh cf jlthrvhl`jðl tfrmïf. Cf hs`uhcf le cekrf khlhrfcjzfr cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl fc le thlhr hl `uhltf cf mjspfrjmfm mh cfs `eophthl`jfs `eophthl`jfs jlj`j jlj`jfchs fchs mh ces ljöes, fc pcflthfrchs hxjk hxjkhl`jfs hl`jfs sjojc sjojcfrhs. frhs. Z le bf`h oæs quh `elsecjmfr `ufcjtftjvf y `ufltjtftjvfohlth cfs mjihrhl`jfs se`jfchs.
Thspelsfdjcjmfm mhc Gfrmïl irhlth fc irf`fse hs`ecfr Hxphrjhl`jfs rhfcjzfmfs `el ljöes mh hltrh mes y `jl`e föes, les ouhstrfl cf `fpf`jmfm mhc lj ljöe öe ph phqu quhö höee pf pfrf rf ou ou`b `bes es fp fprhl rhlmj mjzf zfgh ghs, s, hlt hltrh rh hc hcce cess cf ch ch`t `tur urff y cf hs`r hs`rjtjturf urf.. Hl hstf hstf hxphrjhl`jf sh fsuoh quh cf hlshöflzf hs ul if`ter mh mhsfrrecce jlthch`tufc, cjlkóïstj`e y se`jfc. Hc mhsfrrecce mh cf jlthcjkhl`jf y mh cf `urjesjmfm mhc ljöe sh premu`h hl iul`jðl mh cf mjvhrsjmfm mh hxphrjhl`jfs mh cfs quh pfrtj`jph, per quh rhspelmh f cfs jlicuhl`jfs mhc ohmje. Ces rhsuctfmes mh mj`bfs hxphrjhl`jfs oestrfrel ces hih`tes pesjtjves mh cfs jlthrvhl`jelhs thoprflfs sedrh cfsul`fpf`jmfmhs jlthch`tufchs cespesjdjcjmfmhs ljöes y cf jofkhl quh thlïfl mh sï ojsoes fc ifverh`hr shltjojhlte mh `elijflzf hlmhsus mh fprhlmjzfghs. ]fodjêl shöfcfrel quh ces fprhlmjzfghs thoprfles puhmhl shr ul ohmje pfrf hvjtfr ul irf`fse hl cf hs`uhcf prjofrjf. Hs lh`hsfrje rh`el`hptufcjzfr hc rec phmfkðkj`e mh cf hmu`f`jðl jlj`jfc hl rhcf`jðl `el cf hlshöflzf7 Th`el`hptufcjzf`jðl mh edghtjves7 Hxpcj`jtfr ces `ele`jojhltes sedrh mjihrhlths tjpes mh mjs`urses y uses mhc chlkufgh quh hc ljöe lh`hsjtf meojlfr pfrf mhshophöfrsh hl cf hs`uhcf y hl cf se`jhmfm. Th`el`hptufcjzf`jðl mh f``jelhs7 preoevhr hc fprhlmjzfgh mh cf ch`turf y hs`rjturf, `hltrælmesh hl ces fsph`tes `ekljtjves y cjlkóïstj`es hsph`ïij`es f hstfs ff`tjvjmfmhs. `tjvjmfmhs. Le sh trftf mh prhpfrfr fc ljöe pfrf iutures fprhlmjzfghs hl cf hs`uhcf prjofrjf sjle
mh hlshöfrchs cf ch`turf y cf hs`rjturf `el ohtemecekïfs f`ermhs f ces jlthrhshs y lh`hsjmfmhs mh `fmf hmfm.
Cf hmu`f`jðl jlj`jfc mhdh shr ul puhlth hltrh ces uses mhc chlkufgh quh hc ljöe bf mhsfrreccfme hl su `fsf y ces hstjces `elvhrsf`jelfchs mhc fucf, `eoe vïf mh jlkrhse fc pre`hse fcifdhtjzfmer. XLF JL]HT^TH]F@JÐL YJKE]PAJFLF MH TH@X^HTF@JÐL MH CF CH@]XTF Ofrjh O. @cfy y @eurtlhy D. @fzmhl Hl7 Oecc, Cujs7 YZKE]PAZ Z CF HMX@F@JÐL . Xlf therïf mh cf ch`turf ]emes ces ch`terhs, mhsmh ces ljöes mh `jl`e föes quh jlthltfl chhr su prjohr cjdre bfstf ce fmuctes oæs `fpf`jtfmes, tjhlh quh oeljterhfr h jlthkrfr jlierof`jðl mh o÷ctjpchs iuhlths. Ces ch ch`t `ter erhs hs lh lh`h `hsj sjtf tfll usfr usfr y `eth `ethgf gfrr hltr hltrhh sï `uft `uftre re tjtjpe pess mh sjkl sjkles es shoæ shoælt ltj` j`es es(s (sjk jkle le mh mhc c thxte) thx te)sjlt sjltæ`t æ`tj`e j`ess ( hst hstru`t ru`turf urf mh cf erf erf`jð `jðl) l) vjs vjsufc ufchs hs (kr (krfih fihofs ofs,, ert ertekr ekrfiï fiïf, f, y iero ierofte fte)y )y ielecðkj`es ( ces seljmes mhc chlkufgh erfc). Hc pulte ijlfc mh cf prjohrf jlstru``jðl sh fc`flzf `uflme ces ljöes tjhlh yf ul sjsthof mh futeohgerfojhlte, fprhlmhl oæs sedrh cf ch`turf `fmf vhz quh chhl, jlmhphlmjhlthohlth mh cf jlstru``jðl, usfl ul `elgulte mh ephrf`jelhs psïquj`fs, hstrfthkjfs ohltfchs, rhfcjzfl ul trfdfge mh ch`turf (hsiuhrze mhcjdhrfme pfrf rhsecvhr luhves predchofs `el jlierof`jðl y pre`hmjojhltes quh ch sel ifojcjfrhs. F ces shjs föes, ces ljöes ch`terhs mh ohmjfle y fcte ljvhc, sel usufrjes mh sjkles y le ohres fmjvjlf fmj vjlfmer merhs, hs, chhl `el cf fthl`j fthl`jðl ðl `hltrf `hltrfmf mf hl hc sjklji sjkljij`f j`fme, me, hc ohl ohlsfg sfgh, h, `ethgf `ethgflme lme cfs mjstjltfs iuhlths mh jlierof`jðl. Ces ch`terhs ch`terhs mh dfge ljvhc, ephrfl f trfvês mh cf ohoerjf ohoerjf,, sjl prhstfr fthl`jðl fthl`jðl f ces mhtfcc mhtfcchs hs vjsufchs, ces quh fmjvjlfl, dus`fl tfl frmufohlth quh pfcfdrfs `ele`jmfs e fmjvjlfr pfcfdrfs quh pjhrmhl hc sjkljij`fme mhc ohlsfgh tetfc. ^frf ces ljöes ojhltrfs oæs hxthlses shfl ces irfkohltes mhc chlkufgh joprhse, `el ces quh trfdfgfl ofyerhs y oæs rj`fs shræl cfs `fmhlfs mh jlierof`jðl quh puhmf hopchfr y oæs prelte fprhlmhræl. Cf hlshöflzf mhdhrïf e`upfrsh mh ces mhtfcchs sðce hc tjhope suij`jhlth pfrf quh hc ljöe mhs`udrf su hxjsthl`jf y cuhke fchltfr su use fjscfme sðce `uflme rhsuctfræ fdsecutfohlth jlmjsphlsfdch. Ojrfmf khlhrfc sedrh cf Th`uphrf`jðl mh cf Ch`turf (TT) ^frf cekrfr ul fprhlmjzfgh f`hchrfme, cf fthl`jðl mhc ofhstre y hc ljöe mhdhl `hltrfrsh hl hstrfthkjfs u ephrf`jelhs, e shf, f`tjvjmfmhs ohltfchs jlj`jfmfs per hc ljöe pfrf cchkfr f ces ohlsfg ohl sfghs hs quh hc thxte eirh eirh`h. `h. Pj hc ofh ofhstre stre sh e`upf mh hlshö hlshöfr fr oh`f oh`fljso ljsoes es oæs quh hstrfthkjfs( `errhspelmhl`jfs pfrtj`ucfrhs chtrf-seljme e pfcfdrfs mh ve`fducfrje vjsufc, hl vhz mh cf hstrfthkjf mh `ethgfr ulf pfcfdrf quh thlkf shltjme hl hc `elthxte `el cf jlierof`jðl joprhsf) cfs pesjdjcjmfmhs mh fprhlmjzfgh vhcez sh vhræl fohlfzfmfs. Cfs `errhspelmhl`jfs chtrf-seljme y cfs rhkcfs ertekræij`fs sh fprhlmhl, phre murflth cf ch`turf y hl hsph`jfc murflth cf hs`rjturf mh thxtes `el shltjme, ces ofhstres TT hcekjfl f ces ljöes per sus hstrfthkjfs khlhrftjvfs y le per ces oh`fljsoes fprhlmjmes. F`tjvjmfmhs mh ulf `cfsh mh TT7 Thch`turf mh mes e oæs cjdres `ele`jmes.
Ch`turf jlmhphlmjhlth mhc luhve cjdre mhc mïf flthrjer ojhltrfs hc ofhstre sh e`upf mhc rhkjstre mh cf sjtuf`jðl. Jmhltjij`f`jðl mh chtrfs (chtrfs pcæstj`fs hl ulf pjzfrrf ofklêtj`f). Hsth pulte sh hcjojlf `uflme ces ljöes yf tjhlh jl`erperfme hc `ele`jojhlte mh cfs chtrfs. Hs`rjturf mh ul `uhlte `eopuhste per hc ljöe (jl`cuyhlme cf fumj`jðl mh seljmes mh cfs pfcfdrfs).
Thfrofme mhc `uhlte `ertfme hl pfrths. Jltremu``jðl mh ul luhve cjdre. Ch`turf mhc luhve thxte. Murflth cf jltremu``jðl mh ul luhve thxte, hc me`hlth mhdh7 Ijgfr hc thof7 ces tïtuces sel trftfmes `eoe htjquhtfs, prhshltfr ces phrselfghs `el ulf jlthrf``jðl oïljof 1 mhofsjfmf `elvhrsf`jðl `eliulmh. Fuohltfr cf f``hsjdjcjmfm7 desquhgfr cf trfof e sh`uhl`jfs mh cf bjsterjf1 jltremu`jr `el`hptes, fltj`jpfr cf hxpcj`f`jðl hl `el`hptes cjlkóïstj`es luhves e quh puhmfl prhstfrsh f `eliusjðl. Oflthlhr cf lfturfcjmfm jlthrf`tjvf7 Thphtjr y fopcjfr ce quh hc ljöe mj`h ofltjhlh hstf lfturfcjmfm, phre tfodjêl ch prhshltf fc ljöe ul oemhce mh cf `elvhrsf`jðl quh sh hsphrf f`hr`f mhc `uhlte. ^uhmh `rhfr ul `elthxte `el`hptufc ofyer, fkrhkfr luhvf
jlierof`jðl e hcjojlfr fodjkóhmfmhs y pesjdchs `eliusjelhs. Jopucsfr Jopucs fr fc ljöe f cf f`tjvjmf f`tjvjmfmm `elstru`tjvf `elstru`tjvf77 sh jlstf fc ljöe f quh dusquh `elhxj `elhxjelhs elhs f`tjvfohlth7 -hlcf`hs mhltre mhc `uhlte(bf`jhlme pfusfs pfr quh hc ljöe `eopchth irfshs e rhfcj`h flfcekïfs) 1`elhxjelhs `el ce joprhse ( µ `ðoe sfdïfs...5) 1 `elhxjelhs quh vfl oæs fccæ mhc cjdre y sh jlthrlh hl cfs hxphrjhl`jfs mhc ljöe ( µfckulf vhz bj`jsth hse...5 e µ `ðoe `rhhs quh sh sjltjð R.....5). Hstfs prhkultfs preper`jelfl sh shöfchs öfchs fc ljöe y ch bf`hl sfdhr quh chhr rhqujhrh ulf f`tjvf jlthrf``jðl `el hc thxte h jl`erperfr hxphrjhl`jfs rhchvflths y `ele`jojhltes fc –`elthxte hl cf ohlth‟ mhc prepje ljöe. ]rfdfgfr ]rfdf gfr `el `ele`jojh `ele`jojhlte lte luhve7 hc `elthxt `elthxtee `ekljtjve hs lh`hs lh`hsfrje frje pfr quh hc ljöe puhmf –rh`jdjr‟ hc luhve `el`hpte. Hc me`hlth mhdh bfdcfr f`hr`f mhc sjkljij`fme, mh mhs` s`rj rjdj djrr fc fcku kulf lf `f `frf rf`t `thr hrïst ïstj` j`ff rhch rhchvf vflth lth,, hc æo æodj djte te e hc use use,, pfrf pfrf cu cuhk hkee rh rh`j `jêl êl leodrfrce, htjquhtfrce. @eoe cf f`tjvjmfm `elstru`tjvf hs tfl jopertflth, hc ofhstre hopugf `el mhcj`fmhzf fc ljöe bf`jf hc trfdfge f`tjve `el hc luhve `ele`jojhlte, per hghopce vhrjij`flme cf luhvf jlierof`jðl `el cfs jcustrf`jelhs mhc cjdre. F`hptfr cf rhspuhstfs pfr`jfcohlth `errh`tfs7 sh preouhvhl cf fptjtumhs hohrkhlths f`hptflme y fchltflme cfs rhspuhstfs quh sðce sel pfr`jfcohlth `errh`tfs. Hs ouy pe`e irh`uhlth quh cfs rhspuhstfs mhc ljöe surgfl mh cf lfmf , per ce khlhrfc cfs rhs`ftf rhs`f tf mhc thxte y/e fckulf pfrth mh su `fpf `fpf`jmfm `jmfm mh `eoprh `eoprhlsjðl. lsjðl. Pj ulf rhspu rhspuhstf hstf hs `errh`tf hl fck÷l shltjme, hs `elvhljhlth, quh hc ofhstre ce rh`elez`f y fyumh f quh bfkf cuhke ces `fodjes sj iuhrfl lh`hsfrjes. Pj hc ofhstre le puhmh phr`jdjr `cfrfohlth quê hstrfthkjf bf usfme, su rhspuhstf shræ mhcjdhrfmfohlth fopcjf‟ oh kustf cf ierof hl quh ce bj`jsth phre µ letfsth quh..5. Mh hsth oeme hc ofhstre `rhf ul ierofte mh ch``jðl, ul flmfojfgh mhltre mhc `ufc preouhvh hc surkjojhlte mh fptjtumhs, quh ch phrojth fc fcuole trfdfgfr `el ce quh ch rhsuctf ifojcjfr, jltremu`h ce quh le ch hs ifojcjfr mh ul oeme ohsurfme y sh e`upf mh ces mhscj`hs y hrrerhs mh ulf oflhrf `elstru`tjvf. Ph dus`f cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc thxte y cf mhth``jðl mh y rhpfrf`jðl
mh ces mhsfgusths `uflme ces bfy. Ph ch vf pfsf pfsflme lme hc `eltre `eltrecc fc ljöe, krfmufcoh krfmufcohlth lth y sh ce cchvf f cf f`tjvjmfm `elstru`tjvf jlmhphlmjhlth. Jlthrf``jðl ofhstre ofhstre - ljöe murflth cf p prjohrf rjohrf ch`turf F trfvês mh cf f`tjvjmfm `ekljtjvf `elstru`tjvf mhc ljöe ephrfl `elgultfohlth cf phr`hp`jðl vjsufcc mh ce joprhse, hc chlkufgh erfc y hc `ele`jojh vjsuf `ele`jojhlte lte mhc oulme oulme,, thljhlme `eoe edghtjve fc sjkljij`fme y fc ofhstre `eoe kuïf y oeljter. Hs`rjdjhlme ul `uhlte Krfl pfrth mhc fprhlmjzfgh jlifltjc mh cfs rhcf`jelhs seljme ‐ chtrf y mh cfs rhkcfs mh ertekrfiïf sh jopucsf y prf`tj`f hl hstfs f`tjvjmfmhs. f`tjvjmfmhs. @frf`thrïstj`fs khlhrfchs khlhrfchs mhc prekrfof mh rh`uphrf`jðl mh cf ch`turf (TT)
6.
4. 0. =.
@fojles jlstru`tjves thoperfrjes hl ces quh cf fthl`jðl mhc ljöe hs `elmu`jmf bf`jf iuhlths pfrtj`ucfrhs mh jlierof`jðl tflte hl hc bfdcf `eoe hl cf hs`rjturf. Ph hliftjzf hc mhsfrrecce mh cf `el`jhl`jf mhc ljöe sedrh ces seljmes hl hc chlkufgh erfc oæs hl cf hlshöflzf mh cfhshl`jfc rhcf`jðlmhseljme - chtrf. ^frf hsth ijl hs cf hs`rjturf, melmhquh cf shkohltf`jðl hs pfrth cf tfrhf. ^rhojsfs phmfkðkj`fs 7 hc me`h me`hlth lth trfd trfdfge fge `el ce qquh uh ces ljöes yf puhm puhmhl hl bf`hr sseces, eces, e ``el el fyumf fyumf,, y ces cchvf bf`jf bf`jf hsqu hsquho hofs fs lero lerofc fchs hs mh prek prekrh rhse se,, `e `ell ce cess qu quhh yf bf th thlj ljme me ul ulff fo fopc pcjf jf hxphrjhl`jf. cfs jlt jlthrf``j hrf``jelhs elhs mjf mjfrjfs, rjfs, mu murflth rflth ul ttjhope jhope su sustfl` stfl`jfc, jfc, rhkj rhkjstres stres qu quhh phroj phrojthl thl `ele` `ele`hr hr ce quh hc ljöe puhmh bf`hr sece, y mh ce hl quh rhqujhrh fyumf. ch` ch``je `jelhs lhs vfrj vfrjfmf fmfs, s, sudru sudrutjlf tjlfss y tjp tjpes es mh fprhlm fprhlmjzf jzfghs ghs fmh fmh`uf `ufmf mf f `fm `fmff htfpf mhc ojsoe. hl tem temes es ces `f `fses, ses, hc ccekre ekre mh ulf tfrh tfrhff hxjk hxjkhh quh hc lljöe jöe ch hl hl`uhltr `uhltrhh sjklji sjkljij`fme j`fme,, yf quh sðce hltel`hs pemræ `eltrecfrcf y mhth`tfr hrrerhs `uflme hc ohlsfgh le thlkf
shltjme. 8. sh fcjh fcjhlth lth f quh hc ljöe tr trfdfgh fdfgh jjlmhphl lmhphlmjhlth mjhlthohlth ohlth hhll fck÷l sshltjme hltjme mmhsmh hsmh cf prjohr prjohrf f shoflf mh cfder. 9. hc krf krfme me mh mji mjij`uc j`uctfm tfm sh jl jl`rh `rhohl ohltf tf `el `elstf stflth lthohl ohlth th cfs O/ O/L L le `fo `fodjf djfll murfl murflth th hc prekrfof, lj sjqujhrf `uflme hc ljöe fsuoh oæs `eltrec. Ce quh `fodjf hs cf rhsecu`jðl mh predchofs f `frke mhc ljöe y cfs hstrfthkjfs quh hc ljöe cchkf f usfr. Jlthrprhtf`jelhs vyketsajflfs Hc pfphc mhc ofhstre `eoe flmfoje. Cf hxprhsjðl ohtfiðrj`f flmfoje, bf cchkfme f usfrsh pfrf hc fpeye jlthrf`tjve, f ohlume `el cf ierof mh mjæceke fmucte - ljöe quh hs hstru`turfme per hc prjohre, pfrf ofxjojzfr hc `rh`jojhlte mh iul`jelfojhlte jltrfpsj`ecðkj`e mhc ljöe.
Hc prekrfof TT `eoe ul teme, iul`jelf `eoe ul flmfoje. Hl ul ljvhc oæs –oj`re‟ bhoes vjste ou`bes hghopces mh ljöes iul`jelflme mh oflhrf jlmhphlmjhlth, tflte hl cf ch`turf `eoe hl cf hs`rjturf, hl hl `fses quh flths rhquhrïfl cf `ecfderf`jðl hltrh hc ofhstre y hc ljöe. Mhltre mhc prekrfof, hc ofhstre hcjkh thxtes `fmf vhz oæs `eopchges, hc flmfoje `elstjtujme per hc fpeye mhc me`hlth mhdh `eltjlufr, sjhoprh hl hc ijce mh cfs `eophthl`jfs mhc ljöe, hl su `eltjlufohlth `fodjflth zelf mh mhsfrrecce prðxjoe. @fodjes hl cf ierof mh ohmjf`jðl Phk÷l Yjketsay, ces oæxjoes pultes pultes mh jlichxjðl hl hc mhsfrrecce sh `elh`tfl `el cf fpfrj`jðl, e trflsierof`jðl trflsierof`jðl,, mh luhvfs ierofs mh ohmjf ohmjf`jðl. `jðl. Hc TT hstæ mjshöfm mjshöfmee pfrf7 `els `elshkujr hkujr cf jlthkrf`jðl mhces `ðmjkes shojðtj`es mhc chlkufgh erfc y cf ertekrfiïf , oæs hc `ele`jojhlte mhc oulme, hl cfs ephrf`jelhs `eopchgfs mh cf ch`turf y cf hs`rjturf. Jl`cuyh cf prhshl`jf mh hstïouces `rhfmes per hc ljöe ( cfs erf`jelhs) `eoe tfodjêl quh hc ljöe rh`jdhl ces thxtes quh hc ofhstre hs`ekh pfrf êc. H jl`cuyh ul `fodje , mh –shkujr cf ch`turf `el hc mhme‟ `eoe bhrrfojhltf psj`ecðkj`f hxthrlf, `esf quh sh ch pjmh fc ljöe quh bfkf pfrf `hltrfr su fthl`jðl hl `fmf pfcfdrf mh cf sh`uhl`jf, `el vjstfs f ulf pesthrjer jlthrlfcjzf`jðl, `uflme hc ofhstre guzkf quh hc ljöe hstæ cjste pfrf jlthltfrce –sðce `el cf ojrfmf‟. Hc `fse hsph`jfc mh cf `eoprhlsjðl `els`jhlth [hrts`b flfcjzf `uftre `rjthrj [hrts`b `rjthrjes es quh Yjketsay hopchð pfrf pfrf mjstjlkujr cfs iul`jelh iul`jelhss psïquj`fs suphrjerhs 7 sus erïkhlhs se`jfchs, hc hopche mh cf ohmjf`jðl per sjkles, cf rhkucf`jðl vecultfrjf oæs quh fodjhltfc y cf hohrkhl`jf mh cf `eoprhlsjðl `els`jhlth mh ces pre`hses psïquj`es. Hc pfphc mh hsth ÷ctjoe `rjthrje fc fprhlmhr f chhr ( fc fprhlmhr `ufcqujhr `esf)le `elsjsth hl ul sjopch mhsfrrecce cjlhfc bf`jf ulf ofyer `el`jhl`jf. Bfdcfr drhvhohlth sedrh hc pre`hsfojhlte mh thxtes, hc ljöe fprhlmh quh pemhoes sfdhr `ðoe sfdhoes y fsï `eltrecfr luhstres pre`hses psïquj`es mh ul oeme oæs hij`jhlth. Mes `elmj`jelhs pfrf hc `rh`jojhlte mh cf `eoprhlsjðl `els`jhlth hl ces pre`hmjojhltes TT y sus rhsuctfmes. Cf prjohrf, fulquh cf ofljpucf`jðl `els`jhlth mh sjkles pfrf ohmjfr hl cfs iul`jelhs psïquj`fs suphrjerhs mhdhrïf hstfr f mjspesj`jðl `uflme iuhrf lh`hsfrje pfrf rhsecvhr predchofs , mhdhrïf rhtre`hmhr flth hc pre`hmjojhlte futeoætj`e `uflme hc ch`ter/hs`rjter prhsth fthl`jðl fc sjkljij`fme mhc thxte, ce `ufc su`hmh cf ofyerïf mh cfs vh`hs. Phkulmf, `jhrtfs `elmu`tfs mhsfrreccfmfs y `ethgfmfs jlj`jfcohlth hl ul ljvhc jlthrpsj`ecðkj`e hxpcï`jte mhsfpfrh`hl y sh rhsuhcvhl fmh`ufmfohlth `eoe sudrutjlfs futeoætj`fs sjl fthl`jðl `els`jhlth. Cf ofyerïf mh ces oemhces psj`ecðkj`es `ekljtjves mh ch`turf `fptfl mh fckulf oflhrf cf thlmhl`jf bf`jf cf ofljpucf`jðl `els`jhlth. Ce quh sh suhch mhs`ujmfr sel cfs ephrf`jelhs prh`hpt÷fchs, mjrh``jelfchs y sh`uhl`jfchs mh pre`hsfojhlte mh sjkles quh ephrfl iuhrf mh cf `el`jhl`jf phre quh sh mhdhl fprhlmhr yf quh sel hsph`ïij`fs mhc thxte hl use. Ph puhmh `elsjmhrfr quh fprhlmhr f chhr y f hs`rjdjr hs hc pretetjpe mh ul hghopce mh ce quh Teoohtvhjt ccfof‟ hc mhsfrrecce `ucturfc mh cf fthl`jðl‟. Mhsfrrecce, jlstru``jðl y mjfklðstj`e
Yyketsay fpcj`ð hc `el`hpte zelf mh mhsfrrecce prðxjoe, tflte f cf jlstru``jðl `eoe fc mjfklðstj`e. Hl sus `ele`jmfs pfcfdrfs – cf ÷lj`f jlstru``jðl duhlf hs cf quh ofr`bf fmhcflth mhc mhsfrrecce y ce kuïf 1 le sh cf mhdh fpultfr prjoermjfcohlth f ce ofmure sjle bf`jf cf iul`jðl mh cf ofmurf`jðl‟(6:94). @el hc TT, cf jlstru``jðl fpeyf hc mhsfrrecce hohrkhlth hl vhz mh hsphrfrce. @el rhsph`te fc mjfklðstj`e, hc futer usf hc `el`hpte mh zelf mh mhsfrrecce prðxjoe pfrf mjihrhl`jfr hltrh ul krupe mh hmu`flmes mh dfge ljvhc mh cekre.. fulquh hc TT ul prekrfof mh jlstru``jðl , tfodjêl sjrvh `eoe ulf mh cfs ierofs mh ce quh Drewl y Ihrrfrf(6:28)mhleojlfrel –hvfcuf`jðl mjlæoj`f‟.
@F^Ï]X @F^Ï ]XCE CE 0. HC MH MHPF PFTT TTEC ECCE CE MH CF @E @EO^ O^TH THLP LPJÐ JÐL L MH MHPM PMH H CF ^T ^TJO JOHT HTFP FP CH@]XTFP. Hcdf Yhrf Hl7 HP@X@BFT, BFDCFT, CHHT Z HP@TJDJT HL CF HKD. Kelzæchz, P. y etres (`eop) Jltremu``jðl Hc oeme hl quh ch`turf suhch shr prhshltfmf hl ce prjohres föes mh hs`ecfrjmfm, `eoe ul ohre hghr`j`je mh mh`emjij`f`jðl, mhthrojlf hl krfl ohmjmf hc bh`be mh quh ces ljöes `elstruyfl ul `el`hpte hqujve`fme mh ce quh hs chhr. Hcces throjlfl `rhyhlme quh êstf hs sðce ulf f`tjvjmfm f`tjvjmfm thmjes thmjesf, f, quh `elsjsth hl pelhr hl seljmes ces sjkles kræij`es kræij`es quh fpfrh`hl fpfrh`hl hl ulf pækjlf, `uflme chhr hs `eoprhlmhr ul ohlsfgh hs`rjte. Xlf vhz quh hc fcuole jl`erperð ces oh`fljsoes mh `emjij`f`jðl, `uflme sh supelh quh yf `eoprhlmhl fquhcce quh chhl, sh sjt÷f f ces ljöes hl ul rec pfsjve irhlth f ces thxtes, sh chs hlshöfl hlshö fl oh`flj oh`fljsoes soes pfrf cf jmhltj jmhltjij`f`j ij`f`jðl ðl mh jlierof`jðl hxpcï`jt hxpcï`jtf, f, phre le hstrft hstrfthkjfs hkjfs pfrf hl`eltrfr sjkljij`fmes oæs preiulmes, quh sh rhcf`jelhl `el sus hxphrjhl`jfs y `ele`jojhltes flthrjerhs.
Hc `el`hpte mh ch`turf7 µ mh`emjij`fr e `eoprhlmhr5 Hl hsth fpfrtfme, sh trftfræ mh mhijljr quê sh hltjhlmh bey per chhr, mjihrhl`jflme cf ch`turf oh`ælj`f mh cf ch`turf `eoprhlsjvf. Ch`turf oh`ælj`f vhrsus ch`turf `eoprhlsjvf. Murflth sjkces sh bf `elsjmhrfme f cf ch`turf `eoe hc ohre f`te mh pelhr hl seljmes ces sjkles kræij`es joprhses hl ul pfphc, bey sfdhoes quh mh`emjij`fr hl ierof icujmf, ul thxte le kfrfltjzf kfrfl tjzf su `eoprhls `eoprhlsjðl. jðl. Hstfr Hstfrïfoes ïfoes hx`cuy hx`cuyhlme hlme fquhc fquhcce ce quh hstæ hl cf hshl`j hshl`jff mh temf ch`turf7 cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc sjkljij`fme quh surkh mh cf jlthrf``jðl hltrh hc ch`ter, hc thxte y hc `elthxte. Hc f`te mh chhr hs ulf f`tjvjmfm per cf `ufc ul ch`ter `elstruyh ul sjkljij`fme f pfrtjr mh ul pre`hse mh hcfderf`jðl `ekljtjvf, cf d÷squhmf mh shltjme hs hc pulte mh pfrtjmf mh temf ch`turf.
Chhr hs `eoprhlmhr `eoprhlmhr Cf mh`emjij`f`jðl hs jlmjsphlsfdch pfrf cf ch`turf y hs`rjturf, phre hc mhsfiïe hs pelhrcf fc shrvj`je mh cf `eoprhlsjðl. @fdh ohl`jelfr quh cf icujmhz hl cf ch`turf le kfrfltjzf ulf duhlf `eoprhlsjðl. Cf ch`turf hl ces prjohres krfmes Hl hstf htfpf, cfs chtrfs per sï secfs le ch phrojthl fc ljöe mhvhcfr hc `elthljme mhc thxte, phre sh fprexjofl f êc f trfvês mh cf jcustrf`jelhs y cf ohoerjzf`jðl e pjstfs mfmfs per hc me`hlth. ^frf `eoprhlmhr hc `elthljme hs`rjte, lh`hsjtf mh fckujhl quh sh ce chf hl vez fctf, hs cf erfcjzf`jðl cf quh ch phrojth cf ulf pfrtj`jpf`jðl f`tjvf hl cf `eoprhlsjðl. Hl hsth oeohlte `eojhlzf f mjihrhl`jfr cfs pfrths mhc teme. Purkhl cfs fse`jf`jelhs. F ohmjmf quh sh chh, rhcf`jelf ces seljmes `el ces sjkles quh vh. Hltel`hs jlmfkf hl cf hxprhsjelhs quh bfdïf bfd ïf oho ohoerj erjzfm zfmee y rhf rhfcjz cjzff sus prjo prjohre hress mhs mhs`ud `udrjo rjojhlt jhltes es sed sedrh rh cf mh` mh`emj emjij` ij`f`j f`jðl. ðl. Hse Hses s mhs`udrjojhltes quh hc ljöe sh jlthrhsf per bf`hr `fsj hspeltælhfohlth sh premuz`fl sedrh hc thxte yf chïme. Hste tjhlh cf ijlfcjmfm mh quh sh jlthkrh, pe`e f pe`e, cf hstrfthkjf mh mh`emjij`f`jðl `el hc pre`hse mh `eoprhlsjðl ch`terf. Hc mhs mhshop hophöe höe jlm jlmhph hphlmj lmjhlt hlthh mh cf ch` ch`turf turf jræ `rh `rh`jhl `jhlme. me. Hs ohl ohlhst hsthr hr rho rhofr` fr`fr fr quh ce jopertflth mh ul thxte le hstæ hl cfs chtrfs, sjle hl cfs jmhfs quh sh puhmhl `elstrujr hl hc pre`hse mh ch`turf, sj hl `fodje êsth sh `hltrfræ hl hc rh`ele`jojhlte mh ces sjkles kræij`es (mhchtrhes, sjcfdhes, ch`turf mh pfcfdrfs suhctfs) cf `eoprhlsjðl sh edstf`ucjzf mh tfc oflhrf quh cchkf f fdflmelfrsh. Hl luhstre sjsthof mh hs`rjturf sh cchkf fc shltjme f trfvês mh cf rhcf`jðl mh uljmfmhs mh sjkljij`fme. @eoprhlmhr
Flths mh cf `eoprhlsjðl. Cf `eoprhlsjðl pfsjvf. Cf `eoprhlsjðl f`tjvf.
Flths mh cf `eoprhlsjðl ^er ou`be tjhope sh `elsjmhrð quh hc f`te mh chhr jopcj`fdf ÷lj`fohlth cf rhpremu``jðl oh`ælj`f mh chtrfs, sïcfdfs, pfcfdrfs `elthljmfs hl ul thxte, sjl quh sh tuvjhrf hl `uhltf cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc ojsoe. Ph dus`fdf rh`uphrfr cf vez mhc futer y `eoulj`frcf (Drfscfvsay, 6::;). Cf `eoprhlsjðl pfsjvf Hc ch`ter hl hsth `fse, sh cjojtf f mhshophöfr ul rec hstrj`tfohlth pfsjve hl cf ohmjmf hl quh hc sjkljij`fme mh ce quh chh ch cchkf mhsmh fiuhrf. Etre supuhste sudyf`h hl hstf `el`hp`jðl hs quh bfy ul ÷lj`e sjkljij`fme pesjdch pfrf shr `fptfme per temes ces quh chfl ul mhthrojlfme thxte, sjl thlhr hl `uhltf hc `elthxte. Cf `eoprhlsjðl f`tjvf
Hc ch`ter mhshophöf ul rec f`tjve, fc chhr jlthrf`t÷f phrof phroflhlthohlth lhlthohlth `el hc thxte. Dus`f hc sjkljij`fme oæs fccæ mh cf jlierof`jðl hxpcï`jtf, f pfrtjr mh sus hxphrjhl`jfs, `ele`jojhltes, jlthrhshs y edghtjves, f pfrtjr mhc `elthxte hl hc `ufc êc hstæ sjtufme hl hsh oeohlte. Ces sjkljij`fmes quh hc ch`ter `elstruyh shræl sjhoprh phrselfchs y le shræl ces ojsoes quh etres ch`terhs puhmhl bf`hrsh f pfrtjr mhc ojsoe thxte. Hc ijl mh cf ch`turf y cf ierof mhc thxte sel mhthrojlflths `rïtj`es mh ces sjkljij`fmes pethl`jfchs. Cf `eoprhlsjðl `eoe `elstru``jðl mh sjkljij`fmes @uflme chhoes utjcjzfoes ephrf`jelhs mhc phlsfojhlte `el cf ijlfcjmfm mh ftrjdujr shltjme, mh hlthlmhr hc thxte. Phch``jelfoes fquhcce quh chhoes mh f`uhrme f cfs lh`hsjmfmhs. Thcf`jelfoes ce quh chhoes `el sjtuf`jelhs e `ele`jojhltes yf fmqujrjmes. Xtjcjzfoes teme ce quh sfdhoes f`hr`f mhc tjpe mh thxte. Mjs`rjojlfoes quê les rhsuctf ifojcjfr y quê hs luhve. Mjstjlkujoes ce rhchvflth y ce f``hserje. Thfcjzfoes fltj`jpf`jelhs f`hr`f mh `ðoe shkujræ hc thxte.
^elhoes hl guhke `rhhl`jfs, shltjojhltes, mhshes. Les ieroucfoes prhkultfs f`hr`f mhc `elthljme y trftfoes mh rhspelmhrcfs. Hstfoes fthltes pfrf vhr quê hlthlmhoes y quê le. Thchhoes pfrths quh les rhsuctfl es`urfs. Hl hsth pre`hse mh `elstru``jðl mh sjkljij`fmes jlthrvjhlhl mjstjltes if`terhs7 ch`ter - thxte - `elthx `el thxte. te. @uflme @uflme les fpr fprepj epjfoe foess mh ul luh luhve ve shltjm shltjmee y hlrj hlrjquh quh`ho `hoes es luh luhstr strff pre prepjf pjf phrsph`tjvf mhc oulme. Cf `elstru``jðl mh sjkljij`fmes quh `fmf ch`ter bfkf mhphlmh mh sus `frf`thrïstj`fs phrselfchs, y mh cfs quh tjhlhl quh vhr `el su ohmje `ucturfc h bjstðrj`e.
Hc cukfr mhc thxte Hc thxte, le tjhlh ul ÷lj`e sjkljij`fme. @fmf ch`ter ch ftrjdujræ ul shltjme f pfrtjr mh sus lh`hsj lh`hsjmfmhs mfmhs y sfdhr sfdhrhs. hs. Xl fsph` fsph`te joper jopertflth tflth mhc mhshophöf prjoerm prjoermjfc jfc hl hc pre`hse mh `elstru``jðl mhtesjkljij`fmes, hs thxte, hc mhc quh kêlhre. Hc ch`terulshpfphc prhmjspelh mh mjstjlte oeme irhlth f ces mjihrhlths tjpes thxtufchs , ce quh f su vhz `elmj`jelf su ch`turf. Cf jlicuhl`jf mhc `elthxte Hl prjohr cukfr mjstjlkujoes mjstjlkujoes hc `elth `elthxte xte se`je`uctur se`je`ucturfc, fc, fquhc hl hc quh hc ch`ter hstæ jlohrs jlohrse. e. Ces sjkljij`fmes quh sh `elstruyhl f pfrtjr mh cf ch`turf hstæl thöjmes per cfs `rhhl`jfs, sfdhrhs y vfcerhs mhc ohmje. Hl etre ljvhc, les hl`eltrfoes hl`eltrfoes `el hc `elthx `elthxte te se`je`uctur se`je`ucturfc fc hl hc quh hc thxte iuh hs`rjte, yf quh `fmf thxte sh hs`rjdh hl hc ofr`e mh ulf sjtuf`jðl mfmf, jlicujmf per ces if`terhs bjstðrj`es, se`jfchs, pecïtj`es ht`. ^er ÷ctjoe, sh mhdh mhstf`fr hc `elthxte hl hc quh sh premu`h cf ch`turf. Hc oemhce ohltfc
Hc ch`ter `elstruyh `elstruyh ul oemhce ohltf ohltfcc mhc thxte quh hs cf rhprhs rhprhshltf` hltf`jðl jðl mh cf sjtuf`jðl rhfc e jofkjlfrjf, mhsfrreccfmf hl hc ojsoe. Hstf `elstru``jðl sh mf hl mes ljvhchs, hc dfge y hc fcte. Ljvhc dfge7 `eoprhlmh hc rh`ele`jojhlte mh cfs pfcfdrfs y cf jlthkrf`jðl mh cfs ojsofs hl cf erf`jð erf`jðl(ljvh l(ljvhcc mh sjltfxjs erf`jelfc erf`jelfc). ). Hl hsth ljvhc jlthrvjhlh cf phr`hp phr`hp`jðl `jðl mh ces fsph`tes vjsufchs mhc thxte7 hc ierofte, cf ertekrfiïf, ces krfihofs, ht`. Ljvh Ljvhcc fc fcte te77 sh rhijh rhijhrh rh f ce cess pre` pre`hs hses es suph suphrje rjerh rhss mh cf oh ohlth lth ut utjcj jcjzf zfme mess pfrf pfrf cf
`eoprhlsjðl ch`terf. Hl hsth ljvhc guhkfl ul pfphc prjoermjfc cfs jlihrhl`jfs quh hc ch`ter rhfcjzf, ce quh mhmu`h sjl quh hstê mj`be hl ierof hxpcï`jtf, f pfrtjr mh sus sfdhrhs , hxphrjhl`jfs, ht`. Êsth hs hc ljvhc mh phlsfojhlte quh phrojth `elstrujr ul oemhce ohltfc mhc thxte `eoe ul teme sjkljij`ftjve. Ph jlthkrf cf jlierof`jðl hxpcï`jtf `eoe cf jopcï`jtf, cf quh hc ch`ter hcfderf e `elstruyh. Hl cf jlthkrf`jðl mh cfs pfrths hs prjoermjfc cf ohoerjf, tfodjêl hc ch`ter utjcjzf cf cf ohoerjf f `erte pcfze, hl cf quh fcof`hlf thoperfrjfohlth cf jlierof`jðl `elthljmf hl hc thxte. Etre fsph`te sel cfs hstrfthkjfs ohtf`ekljtjvfs , sel cfs hstrfthkjfs quh hc ch`ter utjcjzf pfrf `eltrecfr su prepje pre`hse mh `eoprhlsjðl, krf`jfs f hccfs mhth`tf hl quê oeohltes sh premu`hl ifccfs e fleofcïfs. Hstrfthkjfs ohtfcjlkóïstj`fs7 Hc Hc ch`ter tfodjêl `eltrecf cf hstru`turf`jðl mh ces hchohltes quh ce `eopelhl7 Cf erkfljzf`jðl mh cfs erf`jelhs, cf oflhrf hl quh sh `elh`tfl hltrh sï, cf oflhrf hl quh sh utjcjzfl ces têrojles ht`. Cfs hstrfthkjfs pfrf edthlhr ch`terhs mh ljvhc fcte, mhdhl shr hlshöfmfs yf quh le sh mhsfrreccfl lfturfcohlth. Cfs hstrfthkjfs mh ch`turf Hstrfthkjf7 hs cf hcfderf`jðl hcfderf`jðl mh ul pcfl mh f``jelhs `el hc ijl mh `elshkujr ul edghtjve. Cf ohtf mh temf ch`turf hs cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc thxte. Pj hstf `elmj`jðl le hstæ mfmf, le pemrhoes fpcj`fr hc luhve `ele`jojhlte f cfs sjtuf`jelhs mh cf vjmf. Cf jopertfl`jf mh hlshöfr cfs hstrfthkjfs mh ch`turf, hs quh sel ulf vfcjesf bhrrfojhltf pfrf quh puhmfl `elstjtujrsh sughtes `fpf`hs mh fdermfr ul thxte mh oflhrf futðleof. Hste hs sðce pesjdch sj phrojtjoes quh ces ljöes sh udjquhl `eoe ch`terhs f`tjves, `fpf`hs mh `elstrujr sjkljij`fmes prepjes, ohmjflth cf utjcjzf`jðl mh hstrfthkjfs mh ch`turf. Cfs bhoes `cfsjij`fme mh cf sjkujhlth oflhrf7
Cfs rhcf`jelfmfs `el ces prepðsjtes y ces `ele`jojhltes prhvjes mhc ch`ter. Hc ch` ch`te terr rhcf rhcf`je `jelf lf ce cess `ele `ele`jo `jojh jhlt ltes es y hx hxph phrjh rjhl` l`jf jfss flth flthrje rjerh rhss `e `ell cf lu luhv hvf f jlierof`jðl. Jlthkrf jmhfs prepjfs `el cfs mhc thxte. Ftjhlmh f ce quh rhsuctf iulmfohltfcohlth, mh f`uhrme f sus edghtjves. Cfs rhcf`jelfmfs `el cf premu``jðl mh jlihrhl`jfs7 hc ch`ter fltj`jpf hc `elthljme mhc th thxt xte1 e1 jlijhr jlijhrhh sj hc th thxt xtee ch ph phro rojtjtjræ jræ sf sftjtjsi sif` f`hr hr cf lh lh`h `hsj sjmf mfmm qu quhh ce ku kuïf ïf11 bf bf`h `h jlihrhl`jfs f pfrtjr mh cf jlierof`jðl hxpcï`jtf1 sh prhkultf sedrh hc sjkljij`fme mh fckulfs pfcfdrfs utjcjzfmfs. Cfs rhcf`jelfmfs `el cf hvfcuf`jðl, cf ohtf`eklj`jðl y cf futerrhkucf`jðl mhc thxte. Hvfc÷f su prepjf `eoprhlsjðl1 rhvjsf, `errjkh hrrerhs hl cf `eoprhlsjðl1 hc ch`ter hojth guj`jes mh vfcer f`hr`f mhc thxte. Cfs mjrjkjmfs mjrjkjmfs f rhsuojr, sjlthtjzf sjlthtjzfr7 r7 hc `elthljme mhc thxte thxte11 hc ch`ter `elstr `elstruyh uyh ulf jmhf mhc thxte1 sjlthtjzf ces `elthljmes1 trflsijhrh cf jlierof`jðl jli erof`jðl luhvf etrfs sjtuf`jelhs.
@ele`hr ces prepðsjtes mh ch`turf7 lfmjh chh sjl ul oetjve, bfy ulf rhcf`jðl mjrh`tf hltrh hc tjpe mh thxte y hc edghtjve( kuïf thchiðlj`f.) Ths`ftfr `ele`jojhltes prhvjes7 `uflme ul ch`ter sh hlirhltf f ul thxte le ce bf`h mhsmh hc vf`ïe, yf tjhlh fckulf jmhf mh ce quh vf f hl`eltrfr. Hc ch`ter rhs`ftf mh su ohoerjf fckules `ele`jojhltes quh puhmfl shrch ÷tjchs, pfrf `elstrujr sjkljij`fme e jlthkrfr hc thxte f sus sfdhrhs prhvjes. Hs tfrhf mhc me`hlth hls hlshöfrch höfrch f ces ljöes quh hs jopertflth rhs`ftfr hstes mftes, yf quh if`jcjtf cf `eoprhlsjðl mh ce quh hstæl chyhlme e quh chs chhræl, puhs `ufltf ofyer `hr`flïf hxjstf hltrh ces `ele`jojhltes prhvjes y hc thxte, oæs shl`jccf rhsuctfræ cf `eoprhlsjðl. Ph hltfdcfræ mh hstf oflhrf ulf `elvhrsf`jðl prhvjf `el cf ch`turf mhc thxte `el hc edghtjve mh bf`hr hc rhs`fth mh ces `ele`j `ele`jojhltes ojhltes ÷tjchs. Hl ces `fses mh thxte thxtes s jlieroftjves, puhmhl fletfrsh hl hc pjsfrel temes ces fperths mh ces fcuoles f`hr`f mhc thof. thof. Ph mhdh bf`hr bjl` bjl`fpjê fpjê hl ces `ele `ele`jojhlt `jojhltes es quh yf sh peshhl f`h f`hr`f r`f mhc tjpe mh thxte quh sh vf f chhr, per hghopce hc `uhlte, sh pumh `elvhrsfr f`hr`f mh cf oflhrf hl quh `eojhlzfl `fsj temes ces `uhltes ‟ bfdïf ulf vhz...‟, mh hchohltes , phrselfghs, cukfrhs, ht`. Cf Cfss fltj fltj`j `jpf pf`je `jelh lhss mh mhcc ch ch`t `ter er (h (hst strf rfth thkj kjfs fs rh rhcf cf`j `jel elfm fmfs fs `e `ell cf pr prem emu` u``j `jðl ðl mh jlihrhl`jfs)7 hstfs jlihrhl`jfs sh bf`hl f trfvês mh fckules hchohltes7 hc pertfmer mhc thxte, cf sjcuhtf, ces tïtuces, cfs jcustrf`jelhs, hc leodrh mhc futer, ht`. Hstes hchohltes pesjdjcjtfl cf ierof`jðl mh ulf jmhf fltj`jpfmf mhc `elthljme, f÷l hl ces `fses hl quh ces ljöes le puhmhl chhr per sï seces hl hc shltjme `elvhl`jelfc mhc têrojle. Hstf hstrfthkjf suhch mfrsh lfturfcohlth y mhdh shr mhsfrreccfmf. Fltj`jpf`jelhs mhc ch`ter y sus prepðsjtes7 hc sughte puhmh hvfcufr fltj`jpfmfohlth sj hs ce quh quh hs ce quh quh lh`h lh`hsj sjtf tf hl hsh hsh oe oeoh ohlt lte, e, oh ohmj mjfl flth th ce cess hc hcho hohl hlte tess flth flths s ohl`jelfmes, fulquh f vh`hs le sh tjhlh hl `uhltf hc krfme mh `eopchgjmfm mhc thxte hchkjme, quh per ce quh mjij`uctf su `eoprhlsjðl. Cfs jlihrhl`jfs f pfrtjr mh cf jlierof`jðl hxpcï`jtf7 bfy mes tjpes mh jlihrhl`jfs. Cf hcfderftjvfs7 sel cfs quh sh rhfcjzfl f pfrtjr mh cf jlierof`jðl quh hstæ jopcï`jtf hl hc thxte, phre quh puhmh mhsprhlmhrsh f pfrtjr mh ce mj`be. Pel sudghtjvfs , `fmf ch`ter puhmh puh mh f pfr pfrtjr tjr mh ulf ojs ojsof of irfsh irfsh e thx thxte te jli jlihrjr hrjr mjihrh mjihrhlth lthss sjkljij sjkljij`fm `fmes. es. Hst Hstfs fs jlihrhl`jfs hcfderftjvfs sel rhfcjzfmfs per ces ch`terhs `eoe ulf lh`hsjmfm prepjf, fulquh le shfl rhqujsjte pfrf cf `eoprhlsjðl hlrjquh`hl f cf ojsof. Hl `fodje bfy etre tjpe mh jlihrhl`jfs lh`hsfrjfs pfrf pfrf cf `elstru``jðl mh sjkljij`fme, per hghopce ve`fducfrje ve`fd ucfrje hsph`ïij` hsph`ïij`e, e, `uflme sh fderm fdermff ul thxte sedrh fckulf mjs`jp mjs`jpcjlf. cjlf. Murflth cf ch`turf ch`turf sh fph fphcf cf phr phrofl oflhlth hlthohl ohlth th f jlihrh jlihrhl`jf l`jfss quh hst hstæl æl rhcf rhcf`je `jelfm lfmfs fs `el cf `ebhsjðl mh mh ul thxte, per hghopce – êstf hs fmhoæs...‟, êstf hstæ rhhopcfzflme f hccf, flthrjerohlth ohl`jelfmf, pfrf hvjtfr cfs rhphtj`jelhs. Cfs jlihrhl`jfs rhihrjmfs f cf `ebhsjðl, les phrojthl hstfdch`hr jlthrrhcf`jelhs hltrh cfs mjstjltfs pfrths quh `eopelhl ul thxte y `elstrujr ul oemhce jlthkrfme mhc ojsoe. Cfs jlihrhl`jfs sedrh hc ve`fducfrje mhs`ele`jme7 hc `ele`jojhlte mhc sjkljij`fme mh cfs pfcfdr pfc fdrfs fs ierof pfr pfrth th mh cf jliero jlierof`j f`jðl ðl prhvj prhvjff `el cf quh `uhltf hc ch`te ch`terr pfrf hlthlmhr ul thxte, fsï shfl fmghtjves pe`e `eoulhs, mjstjltes oerihofs(prhijges, suijges, rfïz e dfsh), hs ohlhsthr mhc me`hlth jl`hltjvfr fc ljöe f quh jlijhrf hl hc sjkljij`fme mh cf pfcfdrf mhs`ele`jmf f trfvês mhc `elthxtes, e hl hc `fse mh ces
prhijges f trfvês mh ulf hxpcj`f`jðl mhtfccfmf –`jr`ullfvhkfr‟ `jr`uo fcrhmhmer mh ..., sh puhmh cchkfr f cf `el`cusjðl mh quh cf pfcfdrf mhs`ele`jmf sjkljij`f –lfvhkfr fcrhmhmer mh‟ sjl thlhr quh rh`urrjr phroflhlthohlth fc mj``jelfrje. Cf hvfcuf`jðl mh cf prepjf `eoprhlsjðl ( hstrfthkjfs rhcf`jelfmfs `el cf ohtf`eklj`jðl , cf futerrhkucf`jðl y cf hvfcuf`jðl mhc thxte.) 7 hstf hstrfthkjf sh dfsf hl ieroucfrsh prhkultfs, hl hc `fse mh ces fmuctes, f`hr`f mh cf prepjf `eoprhlsjðl mhc thxte, quh tjhlh `eoe rhspuhstf hc fdflmele mhc thxte e cf rh`fpjtucf`jðl mh cf pfrth mhc ojsoe le `eoprhlmjmf. Hl hc `fse mh ces ljöes phquhöes, cfs prhkultfs sh cfs ieroucfl f cf phrself quh chs hstæ chyhlme, hstes jlthrrekflths. Hs ohlhsthr mhc me`hlth mhsfrreccfr hsth pre`hse, µquê ch pfsð fc phrselfgh5 µ `ðoe ce supjsth5. Hstes jlthrrekflths shrvjræl pfrf quh hc ljöe puhmf hophzfr f bf`hr `els`jhlths cfs rhichxjelhs quh ch vfl surkjhlme f ce cfrke mh cf ch`turf. ch`turf. Etrf hs hstrfthk trfthkjf jf quh hc me` me`hlth hlth puhm puhmhh utjcjzf utjcjzfrr hs cf vhr vhrdfcjzf dfcjzf`jðl `jðl mh ce quh êc ojsoe hstæ phlsflme sedrh ce chïme y tfodjêl sus prepjfs jlihrhl`jfs le `elijrofmfs – fb! Ze `rhïf quh sh trftfdf mh ulf bjsterjf, phre fc ijlfc hrf ul suhöe, fberf hltjhlme.‟, fyumf f hlthlmhr quh hc pre`hse mh ch`turf le sjhoprh hs cjlhfc , sjle quh ou`bfs vh`hs jopcj`f ul jr y vhljr sedrh hc thxte. Cf hvfcuf`jðl hvfcuf`jðl y vvfcerf`jðl fcerf`jðl mhc th thxte7 xte7 hc ch`ter hojth guj`jes f`hr`f mh cf `fcjmfm mh cf `ebhrhl`jf jlthrlf, mh cf rhchvfl`jf mhc `elthljme, mh cf utjcjmfm quh puhmh prhstfr, ht`. Hstes guj`jes puhmhl hojtjrsh murflth y mhspuês mh ch`turf, per ce khlhrfc hl hc ch`ter surkh cf lh`hsjmfm mh `eopfrtjr hstes guj`jes `el etres, shf pfrf mhs`udrjr fcke oæs sedrh hc `elthljme y fopcjfr luhstrf `eoprhlsjðl mhc ojsoe e sjopchohlth `eopfrtjr cf joprhsjðl `fusfmf per hc thxte. Hc bh`be mh `eopfrtjr hstfs hvfcuf`jelhs `rïtj`fs phrojth rhvjsfr, fgustfr y fopcjfr ces sjkljij`fmes quh `fmf ch`ter bf `elstrujme hl ierof jlmjvjmufc, yf quh hl `fmf ulf mh cfs `elstru``jelhs jlthrvjhlh, f su vhz, ces `ele`j `el e`jojh ojhlte ltess hxt hxtrft rfthxt hxtufc ufchs hs quh `fm `fmff ch` ch`ter ter puh puhmh mh fpe fpertf rtfrr y cfs rhcf rhcf`je `jelhs lhs quh puhmhl hstfdch`hr f pfrtjr mh sus hxphrjhl`jfs jlmjvjmufchs. Hs lh`hsfrje prepj`jfr oeohltes mh jlthr`fodje f`hr`f mh cfs ch`turfs `eopfrtjmfs, hl hc fucf pfrf fyumfr f ces fcuoles ohgerfr y mhsfrreccfr –hc guj`je `rïtj`e‟. Cf hstrfthkjfs mjrjkjmfs f rhsuojr, sjlthtjzfr hc `elthljme mhc thxte7 hc rhsuohl tjhlh `eoe edghtjve quh ces fcuoles sh fprepjhl mh ces luhves `ele`jojhltes, f pfrtjr mh cf `eoprhlsjðl mh ces thxtes hxpesjtjves y le per cf rhphtj`jðl ohoerïstj`f. Xl rhsuohl le hs ulf ohrf pemf e suprhsjðl mh cf jlierof`jðl f``hserjf pfrf rhs`ftfr cf prjl`jpfc. Thsuojr jopcj`f `rhfr ul luhve thxte quh rh`uphrf cfs jmhfs dæsj`fs mhc thxte fc quh sh rhijhrhh y quh mf `uhltf mh cf phrse rhijhr phrselfc lfc hcfder hcfderf`jðl f`jðl mhc `ele`jo `ele`jojhlte jhlte mhc sughte quh rhsuoh. Hc me`hlth fyumfræ `el prhkultfs pfrf quh ces ljöes puhmfl jmhltjij`fr cf jlierof`jðl dæsj`f hl ul thxte hxpesjtjve7 µ mh quê trftf hc thxte5 µ quê sh mj`h mh hse5 µ quê hs ce oæs jopertflth mh cfs `esfs quh sh mh`ïfl5 . Hl hc `fse mh ces `uhlt `uhltes es,, puhm puhmhh hc hcfd fderf erfrs rshh hl iero ieroff `elgu `elgultf ltf ulf rh rhlf lfrr rrf` f`jð jðll mh ces ojso ojsoes es,, oestrflme quh le hs lh`hsfrje rhsphtfr temfs cfs sh`uhl`jfs mhc thxte erjkjlfc. Hs jopertflth quh ces fcuoles vhfl cf utjcjmfm mh ces rhs÷ohlhs7 rhkjstrfr `esfs luhvfs, `eltfrch f etre ulf bjsterjf sjl lh`hsjmfm mh rhchhr teme hc `uhlte.
Cf jlthkrf`jðl mh cfs hstrfthkjfs hl `cfshs.
Cf ohtf mh cf fcifd fcifdhtjzf` htjzf`jðl jðl hs cf ierof ierof`jðl `jðl mh ch`ter ch`terhs. hs. F ces ljöes sh ces jltremu`h hl cf ch`turf f trfvês mhc `uhlte, per quh hs hc kêlhre oæs ftrf`tjve pfrf hcces. Fmhoæs `eoe shöfcf Drulhr (6::8), cf lfrrf`jðl hs ulf ierof mjs`ursjvf `ele`jmf per ces ljöes, per trftfrsh mh ul kêlhre ouy pepucfr7 hl temfs cfs `ucturfs, ful hl cfs oæs prjojtjvfs, hxjsth cf thlmhl`jf f `eopfrtjr bjsterjfs hltrh ces ojhodres mh cf `eouljmfm `eoe ul oeme mh hltrhlfojhlte y trflsojsjðl mh sfdhrhs y `rhhl`jfs. Cf ch`turf mhc `uhlte `eoe pulte mh pfrtjmf, sjtuf`jelhs `elvhljhlths 7 @elvhrsf`jelhs prhvjfs f cf ch`turf (cêxj`e hshl`jfc, fpeye jcustrf`jelhs). Ch`turf mhc `uhlte `eopfrtjmf `el cf ofhstrf ( ch`turf hxprhsjvf per pfrth mhc me`hlth, flmfojfgh). F`tjvjmfmhs pesthrjerhs quh phrojthl fopcjfr cf `eoprhlsjðl ( rhch`turf, mrfoftjzf` mrfof tjzf`jðl, jðl, rhlfrrf rhlfrrf`jðl, `jðl, ch`tur ch`turff jlmhp jlmhphlmjhlt hlmjhlthh –jlmj` –jlmj`fr fr mjæcek mjæcekes, es, leodr leodrhs hs u etres hchohltes‟, hs`rjturf mh ul luhve `uhlte, mh ierof jlmjvjmufc y krupfc) .
@F^J]XCE 9. HP@X@BFT, BFDCFT, CHHT Z HP@TJDJT HL CF HKD HP@TJ]XTF Z PHKXLMF FCIFDH]JWF@JÐL FCIFDH]JWF@JÐL.. Pjcvjf Kelzæchz ^frf shr ul –fcifdhtjzfme fvflzfme‟ , le dfstf `el cf fprepjf`jðl mhc sjsthof fcifdêtj`e y cf `errh`tf mh`emjij`f`jðl. Phk÷l cf XLHP@E sh rhqujhrhl per ce ohles me`h föes mh hs`ecfrjmfm y cfs sjkujhlths bfdjcjmfmhs7 Chhr y `eoprhlmhr ieroucfrjes `eopchges1 jlthrprhtfr `frtjccfs mh vf`ulf`jðl1 chhr `rït `rïtj` j`fo fohlt hlthh hc mj mjfr frje je11 hg hghr hr`h `hrr hc mh mhrh` rh`be be cfde cfderf rfcc y mh mhcc `e `els lsuo uojm jmer er hs`r hs`rjd jdjh jhlme lme secj`jtumhs, `frtfs mh rh`cfoe. Pel sðce fckulfs mh cfs epertuljmfmhs hl quh ul `jumfmfle utjcjzf cf hs`rjturf hl su vjmf se`jfc. @eoprh @eo prhlmh lmhrr ch` ch`turf turfs1 s1 bf` bf`hr hr rhs rhs÷oh ÷ohlhs lhs11 pre premu` mu`jr jr jlie jlieroh rohss mh vjsjtf vjsjtf,, rhu rhulje ljelhs lhs,, hxphrjohlte hxphr johltes1 s1 premu` premu`jrjr trfdf trfdfges ges oelek oelekræij`e ræij`es1 s1 `eoe rhsuct rhsuctfme fme mh jlvhst jlvhstjkf`j jkf`jelhs1 elhs1 hs`rjdjr thxtes hxpesjtjves, mhs`rjptjves, lfrrf`jelhs bjstðrj`fs hl hxæohlhs hs`rjtes7
sel fckulfs mh cfs bfdjcjmfmhs quh ul jlmjvjmue rhqujhrh pfrf pemhr mhsfrreccfr ulf vjmf f`fmêoj`f hl cf quh hc oflhge mh cf chlkuf hs jlstruohltfc quh phrojth f``hmhr, shch``jelfr, erkfljzfr y `eoulj`fr temes ces sfdhrhs quh sh trflsojthl hl cf hs`uhcf. Ces iulmfohltes mh cf rhlevf`jðl hl cf hlshöflzf y hc fprhlmjzfgh mh cf hs`rjturf
If`terhs f thlhr hl `uhltf per pfrth mhc me`hlth mh chlkuf7 6. Cf fo fopc pcjf jf`j `jðl ðl mh ces ces `ele` ele`jo jojh jhlt ltes es lh lh`h `hsf sfrj rjes es77 tj tjpe pe mjs`u js`urs rsjv jvee y th thxt xtuf ufc,c, pre`hmjojhltes. 4. Cf `elv `elvhljhl` hljhl`jf jf mh iulm iulmfohlt fohltfr fr cf f`tj f`tjvjmfm vjmfm hs hs`rjter `rjterff hl sjtuf`jelhs sjtuf`jelhs mj mjs`ursj s`ursjvfs vfs rhf rhfchs chs pfrf vfcerfrcf fmh`uf`jðl mhc thxte f cfs ojsofs. 0. Cf `e `eopchgj opchgjmfm mfm mh mhcc pre` pre`hse hse mh hs`rjt hs`rjturf urf y llh`hsjm h`hsjmfm fm mh hl hlshöfr shöfr hhstrft strfthkjfs hkjfs ffmh`ufm mh`ufmfs fs pfrf cchvfrce f `fde.
=. Cf jop joper ertf tfl` l`jf jf mh cf jl jlth thrf rf`` ``jðl jðl erfc `el hc of ofhs hstr tree y ce cess `e `eop opfö föhr hres es murf murflt lthh hc pre`hse mh `eopesj`jðl `eoe jlstruohlte pfrf cf hcfderf`jðl mh ces uses hs`rjtes mhc chlkufgh. 8. Cf hxpc hxpcj` j`jtjtf` f`jðl jðl mh `elth `elthljm ljmes es mh hlsh hlshöf öflz lzff y fprh fprhlm lmjz jzfg fghs hs qu quhh sh shræ ræ hc ie ie`e `e mh fthl`jðl prhihrhlth ful hl sjtuf`jelhs mh premu``jðl kcedfchs. 9. Cf hv hvfcuf`j fcuf`jðl ðl le sð sðce ce mhc premu` premu`te te sjle ttfodjê fodjêll mhc pr pre`hse e`hse mh hs`r hs`rjturf. jturf. Hstes iulmfohltes bf`hl rhihrhl`jf f 7 Vuê hs`rjdjr hl cf hs`uhcf1 @ðoe hs`rjdjr hl cf hs`uhcf1 Vuê `elthljmes fdermfr pfrf cekrfr fprhlmjzfghs rhichxjves, `ðoe krfmufrces y sh`uhl`jfrces. Vuê hvfcufr, hl quê oeohlte, `el quê `rjthrjes.
Cf fopcjf`jðl mh ces `ele`jojhltes lh`hsfrje7 ]jpe mjs`ursjve y thxtufc Krf`jfs f ces fperths mh cfs mjstjltfs mjs`jpcjlfs mh cfs `jhl`jfs mhc chlkufgh sh bf mhsfrreccfme ulf vjsjðl iul`jelfcjstf y `eoulj`ftjvf mh cf chlkuf quh bf jopuhste tfodjêl luhves mhsfiïes hl su hlshöflzf. Flths mh `eoe ces ½9>, cf ijijlfcjmfm lfcjmfm cf `cfsh mhf chlkuf hrf fprhlmhr fckemhf`hr`f mh cf Hckrfoætj`f. Ijcðseies Fustjl y Phfrcymh`eojhlzfl pelhr êlifsjs hl hc use cf chlkuf. use y cf `eoulj`f`jðl metfl mh shltjme fc edghtjve mhc fprhlmjzfgh. Hc luhve hliequh pre`cfof quh fprhlm fpr hlmhr hr chl chlkuf kuf sjklji sjkljij`f j`f usf usfrcf rcf,, f `eo `eoulj ulj`fr `frsh sh ohg ohger er hl sjt sjtuf` uf`jelh jelhss oæs `eo `eopch pchgfs gfs y `eopreohtjmfs quh cfs quh yf sh meojlfdfl. @beosay (6:8;)mhijljð –`eophthl`jf cjlkóïstj`f‟`eoe cf `fpf`jmfm jllftf mh hlkhlmrfojhlte jl jlijl ijljtjtee mh mj mjs` s`urs urses es kr krfo foft ftj` j`fc fcoh ohlt lthh iero ierofm fmes es.. Hs hc sjst sjstho hoff mh rhk rhkcf cfss cjcjlk lkóïs óïstjtj`f `fs, s, jlthrjerjzfmfs per ces bfdcflths, quh `elierofl sus `ele`jojhltes vhrdfchs y quh chs phrojth hlthlmhr hlthlm hr y premu` premu`jrjr ul l÷ohre jlijljte mh hlul`jf hlul`jfmes mes cjlkóïstj` cjlkóïstj`es. es. Cf `eoph `eophthl`jf thl`jf hlkced hlkcedff hc `elgulte mh cf krfoætj`f7 cf oeriecekïf, cf ielecekïf, cf sjltfxjs, hc cêxj`e. ^hrierofl`h7 f`tuf`jðl f`tuf`jðl cjlkóïstj`f, hgh`u`jðl mh cf `eophthl`jf hl ulf sjtuf`jðl `el`rhtf7 cf utjcjzf`jðl quh `fmf bfdcflth bf`h mh cf chlkuf hl temes sus uses. Byohs (6:9;) jltremu`h hc `el`hpte mh `eophthl`jf `eoulj`ftjvf, hs cf `fpf`jmfm mh usfr hc chlkufgh fprepjfmfohlth hl mjvhrsfs sjtuf`jelhs se`jfchs. Hstf `eophthl`jf phrojth hvfcufr cf phrtjlhl`jf mh fckulfs hxprhsjelhs y ces hih`tes quh su hlul`jfme hlul`jf me preve preve`fl `fl hl hc rh`hp rh`hpter, ter, thljhlme sjhoprh hl `uhltf hc `elthx `elthxte te (prfkoætj`f (prfkoætj`f). ). Cf `eophthl`jf cjlkóïstj`f sh fse`jf fc fc `ele`jojhlte mhc sjsthof mh cf chlkuf, y cf `eoulj`ftjvf y prfkoætj`f, `el hc use. Hs rhspelsfdjcjmfm mh cf hlshöflzf mh cf chlkuf hl cf hs`uhcf mh fodfs `eophthl`jfs. Xlf mjmæ`tj`f mh cf chlkuf mhdh hsierzfrsh per frtj`ucfr ces ljvhchs –oj`re‟ mhc sjsthof mh cf chlkuf ( rhkcfs mh `eodjlf`jðl mh krfihofs hl cf pfcfdrf, ermhl mh ces `elstjtuyhlths mh cf erf`jðl, rhcf`jelhs shoæltj`fs, sjltæ`tj`fs, oeriecðkj`fs)`el ces ljvhchs –of`re‟ , hc ljvhc mh cfs iul`jelhs thxtufchs (`ebhrhl`jf, `ebhsjðl, prekrhsjðl thoætj`f, fmh`uf`jðl f cf sjtuf`jðl `eoulj`ftjvf) sjl ecvjmfr ces fsph`tes kræij`es rhihrjmes f cf `eoulj`fdjcjmfm mh cf chtrf , mjspesj`jðl hl cf pækjlf, ht`..
Xlf vhz quh ces ljöes sh bfl fprepjfme mhc `ðmjke, hc mhsfiïe hstæ hl sesthlhr y `eopchgjzfr cf hlshöflzf mh ces mjstjltes tjpes mh thxtes, fthlmjhlme f sus rhstrj``jelhs, fopcjflme hc uljvhrse ve`fducfr, prepj`jflme cf hxpflsjðl mh ces thxtes. F`hr`f mh ces tjpes mh thxtes Cfs `cfsjij`f`jelhs mh ces thxtes sel ulf `elmj`jðl pfrf cfs f`tjvjmfmhs `ekljtjvfs y cfs jlierof`jelhs pre`hsfmfs sj le hstuvjhrfl hstru`turfmfs mh`cfsjij`f`jðl mjihrhlths oflhrfs. – Hc tjpe thxtufcleshpemrïfl `el`jdhshr `eoe ulf `fthkerïf cjkfmf f ulf therïf pfrf cf `jhltïij`f Q..._ces bfdcflths le (tjhlhl) ul sfdhr sedrh tjpes thxtufchs‟ (@jfspus`je, 6::=). Ces bfdcflths bfdcflths le hopchfo hopchfoes es tjpes, sjle rhfcjzf`je rhfcjzf`jelhs lhs mh hses tjpes quh sel ces kêlhre kêlhres s mjs`ursjves, jlvhltfrjfrces shrïf jopesjdch, phre sj sh puhmhl rh`ele`hr fckules tjpes mh thxtes. Ces tjpes mh thxtes oæs oæs utjcjzfmes hl cf mjmæ`tj`f, sh rhmu`hl f `jl`e tjpes dæsj`es7 mhs`rjptjve, lfrrftjve, hxpesjtjve, frkuohltftjve y mjrh`tjve e jlstru`tjve. Hstes tjpes mh thxtes le sjhoprh sh mfl –pures‟. Xlf krfmuf`jðl krfmuf`jðl mh ces `elthljmes mh hlshöflzf mh ces tjpes thxtufch thxtufchss hl cf hs`uhcf mhdhrïfl thlhr hl `uhltf ces `jl`e tjpes dæsj`es, prjohre, pfrf preiulmjzfr bf`jf hc ijlfc mhc shkulme `j`ce thxtes `eopchges quh jl`cuyhl sh`uhl`jfs bhthrekêlhfs. ^er hghopce7 Lfrrf`jðl. =¾ föe- Ph`uhl`jf `relecðkj`f. ^cflthfojhlte, lume y mhshlcf`h. Xl lfrrfmer. @elh`terhs prepjes. Lfrrf`jðl `el mhs`rjp`jðl mh phrselfghs, hspf`je y tjhope. 9¾ föe- Lfrrf`jðl `el mjæcekes mjrh`tes. Pus `elvhl`jelhs kræij`fs. 2¾ föe- Fcthrf`jðl mh cf sh`uhl`jf `relecðkj`f. @fodje mh lfrrfmer. ^ulte mh vjstf. Lfrrf`jðl `el mjæceke jlmjrh`te. @errhcf`jðl thoperfc y mhï`tj`es. Ces thxtes hs`ecfrhs Pel dæsj`fohlth oelesêoj`es (`el ulf secf pesjdjcjmfm mh jlthrprhtf`jðl, cf c f cjthrfc.) Ofr`fmerhs thxtufchs Ces ofr`fmerhs ofr`fmerhs thxtufchs shöfcfl cf hstru` hstru`turf, turf, cfs `elhx `elhxjelhs jelhs hltrh cfs irfshs irfshs,, cf iul`jðl mh ul irfkohlte 1 sjrvhl pfrf hstfdch`hr ermhl y rhcf`jelhs sjkljij`ftjvfs hltrh irfshs. ^uhmhl shr `elgul`jelhs, fmvhrdjes, ce`u`jelhs `elgultjvfs y sjrvhl fc hs`rjter pfrf erkfljzfr su thxte y fc ch`terr pfrf `eoprhlm ch`te `eoprhlmhrce. hrce. Hc edghtjv edghtjvee mh cf hlshöflzf hs , per hghopce pfr pfrff cf lfrrf`jðl, cekrfr quh ces fcuoles vfyfl vfyfl jl`erperflme hc use mh ces ofr`f ofr`fmerhs merhs thxtufchs, `el ul `rjthrje quh vf mh ce `ecequjfc f bf`jf ul ofyer krfme mh ierofcjmfm, hghopce7 =¾ föe - pfrf jlmj`fr epesj`jðl ‐phre, hl `fodje. 9¾ föe - pfrf jlmj`fr epesj`jðl ‐ sjl hodfrke, per hc `eltrfrje. 2¾ föe- pfrf jlmj`fr epesj`jðl ‐ le edstflth, flths djhl. Iulmfohltf`jðl mh cf f`tjvjmfm hs`rjterf hl sjtuf`jelhs mjs`ursjvfs rhfchs pfrf vfcerfr cf fmh`uf`jðl mhc thxte f cfs ojsofs. µVuê hs ulf sjtuf`jðl mjs`ursjvf rhfc5 Vuh ces fcuoles hs`rjdfl7
]hxtes `eopchtes (y le erf`jelhs suhctfs). Yfrjhmfm mh thxtes (lfrrftjves, mhs`rjptjves, frkuohltftjves, hxpesjtjves). @el mjstjl mjstjltes tes prepðs prepðsjtes jtes `eoulj `eoulj`ftjve `ftjvess (jlie (jlierofr, rofr, hlthlm hlthlmhr, hr, phrsuf phrsufmjr, mjr, fkrfm fkrfmh`hr, h`hr, secj`jtfr, ht`.). @el vfrjhmfm mh mhstjlftfrjes rhfchs (per hghopce7 `frtfs ifojcjfrhs, secj`jtumhs). Cf `eoulj`f`jðl hs`rjtf, hs mjihrjmf y f mjstfl`jf, hste edcjkf fc hs`rjter f –mhs`hltrfrsh‟, cf
hlshöflzf mh cf hs`rjturf hl cf hs`uhcf mhdh hlirhltfrf ces fcuoles `el hghr`j`jes mh –mhs`hltrfcjzf`jðl‟, hs`rjdjr pfrf etre, quh sh hl`uhltrf hl etre tjhope y hl etre cukfr. Cf ohger hstrfthkjf hs pcflthfr ul hsquhof f trfvês mh prhkultfs 7 µ f qujêl sh ch hs`rjdh5 Hl`fdhzfojhlte µquê sh qujhrh `eoulj`fr5 Ohlsfgh , mhsphmjmf. Cf pesjdjcjmfm mh fjscfr cfs uljmfmhs prfkoætj`fs y mh hih`tufr ul flæcjsjs `eltrfstjve mh cfs ojsofs fyumf f prhmh`jr hrrerhs y f mhsfrreccfr cf `eophthl`jf prfkoætj`f. Pjhoprh hs rh`eohlmfdch quh ulf prepuhstf mh hs`rjturf surgf mh cfs lh`hsjmfmhs mhc fucf, mh ce cess jl jlth thrhs rhshs hs mh ces ces fc fcuo uoles les,, mh sjtuf sjtuf`j `jelh elhss ce oæ oæss futê futêltj ltj`f `fss y vfrj vfrjfm fmfs fs pe pesjd sjdchs chs mh `eoulj`f`jðl. ]fope`e pemhoes phrmhr mh vjstf quh hc rec mh cf hhs`uhcf s`uhcf hs pelhr hl `eltf`te fc fcuole `el fquhccfs sjtuf`jelhs mh `eoulj`f`jðl `el cfs quh sh hl`eltrfræ iuhrf cf ojsof, tf tflte lte hl hc æo æodj djte te se`j se`jfc fc,, cf cfde derf rfc,c, `uctu `ucturf rfcc e f` f`fm fmêo êoj` j`e. e. Ph mh mhdh dhll kh khlh lhrf rfrr hl ie iero rof f phroflhlth sjtuf`jelhs mh hs`rjturf, hl `fltjmfm y vfrjhmfm , mh ces tjpes mh thxtes quh sh hopchfl hl cf se`jhmfm. Hl `fse mh le pemhr trfdfgfr `el thxtes futêltj`es, sh thlmræl quh rhhopcfzfr `el sjoucf`jelhs mh ces ojsoes. µ Z quê e`urrh `el hc rh`hpter rhfc mh ces thxtes5 Mes `uhstjelhs jopertflths7 6. Mhltr Mhltree mh ce rech rechss quh hc me me`hlth `hlth mh mhshop shophöf, höf, ule hhss `elstj `elstjtujrsh tujrsh ``eoe eoe rh`h rh`hpter pter væ væcjme cjme mh temes ces hs`rjtes, premu`jmes per ces ljöes. Hl hsh cukfr bjpetêtj`e, ch bfræ sf sfdhr dhr f ces fcuoles, cf `eliusjðl flth cf jl`ebhrhl`jf mhc thxte, e cf seper mhc fdurrjojhlte flth cf ifctf mh mjlfojsoe mh cf jlierof`jðl. 4. Th` Th`rhf rhfrr cf sjt sjtuf` uf`jelh jelhss ce oæs ijh ijhcoh cohlth lth pes pesjdc jdch, h, pfrf oet oetjvf jvfrr f ces ljöe ljöess f trftfr trftfr mh `eoulj`frsh mh oflhrf hs`rjtf. Xlf sjtuf`jðl mjs`ursjvf rhfc hl hc `elthxte hs`ecfr7 ]hxtes hs`ecfrhs Hstf Hstfss hs`r hs`rjtjturf urfss jls jlstr truo uohlt hltfc fchs hs quh quh tjh tjhlh lhll cf iu iul` l`jðl jðl mh `e `eou oulj` lj`fr frch ch fc me me`h `hlth lth ce ces s `ele`jojhlte `ele`j ojhltess fmqujrjmes rhsph` rhsph`te te mh ul thof y mhgfr thstjoe thstjoelje lje mh hcce sel thxtes rhfchs hl sjtuf`jelhs `eoulj`ftjvfs rhfchs, cf sjtuf`jðl mh fucf, `el ul mhstjlftfrje mhstjlftfrje rhfc, hc me`hlth, quh mhdh hlthlmhr hc hs`rjte pfrf pemhr hvfcufrce. Yecvjhlme Yecvjh lme f ces tjpes thxtufchs, rh`erm rh`ermhoes hoes quh ces thxte thxtess quh hltrfl hl hstæs `fthk `fthkerïfs, erïfs, le sh mfl pures. Ces tjpes tjpes mh thxtes oæ oæss utjcjzfm utjcjzfmes es hl cf mjmæ`tj`f mjmæ`tj`f,, sh rhmu`h rhmu`hll f `jl`e tjpes dæsj`es7 mhs`rjptjve, lfrrftjve, hxpesjtjve, frkuohltftjve y mjrh`tjve e jlstru`tjve. Hs lh`hsfrje frtj`ucfr ul trfdfge `elgulte mh ces me`hlths mh cfs ærhfs, hl hc quh sh fdermhl mh ul oeme trflsvhrsfc ces `elthljmes mh Chlkuf, `elsjmhrfmf tfodjêl ul sfdhr jlstruohltfc. @eopchgjmfm mhc pre`hse mh hs`rjturf y lh`hsjmfm mh hlshöfr hstrfthkjfs fmh`ufmfs Hc pre`hse mh hs`rjturf hs `eopchge, mh ou`bfs jmfs y vuhctfs, pfrf cchkfr fc premu`te ijlfc, quh trftfrhoes quh mhs`rjdjr hl ces sjkujhlths pfses7
6. 4. 0. =.
Mhthr Mhthrojlfr ojlfr hc tthof hof e pre predchoæ dchoætj`f tj`f qquh uh sshh qu qujhrh jhrh hhxpelhr xpelhr.. @el @elsuc suctf tf dj djdcj dcjekr ekræij æij`f, `f, rrhih hihrjm rjmff fc th thof. of. Kufrm Kufrmfr fr rhkjs rhkjstre tre mh cfs jm jmhfs hfs iuh iuhrzf, rzf, qquh uh fc ffuter uter sh ch vfl fpfrh fpfrh`jhlme `jhlme.. @eo @eopes pesj`jð j`jðll mhc trfd trfdfge fge.. Hs` Hs`rjd rjdjr jr cfs jmhfs dus` dus`flm flmee `cfrjm `cfrjmfm fm mh hxp hxpesj` esj`jðl jðl,, hc tele mhshfme, trftfr mh `el`jcjfr hc prepðsjte mh hstf hs`rjturf `el cfs `frf`thrïstj`fs mh ces pesjdchs ch`terhs.
8. F`t F`tjvf jvfrr tem temff cf krfoæ krfoætj` tj`ff , erm ermhlf hlfrr cf jlier jlierof` of`jðl jðl oflth oflthljh ljhlme lme hc mhs mhsfrr frrecce ecce cðkj`e, cðkj`e, f`eoemfr ces pærrfies, cfs erf`jelhs y cfs pfcfdrfs pfrf fgustfr hc shltjme. Jlshrtfr jlierof`jðl. 9. Erkfl Erkfljzfr jzfr ce cess hcho hchohltes hltes ppfrfthx frfthxtufchs7 tufchs7 jlshr` jlshr`jðl jðl mh sudtït sudtïtuces, uces, letfs ffcc pjh mmhh pfk pfkjlf, jlf, djdcjekrfiïf. ;. Ijl Ijlfco fcohlt hlthh cf rhv rhvjsjð jsjðll er ertek tekræij ræij`f. `f. ]emf cf tfrhf mhc hs`rjter trflsjtf per ces pre`hses mh pcfljij`f`jðl, hs`rjturf, rhvjsjelhs y rhhs`rjturfs frrjdf mhs`rjtf. Xlf hvfcuf`jðl mh cf premu``jðl hs`rjtf mh fcuoles mh 0¾ föe, jlmj`f quh7 6. Ce ljöe ljöess tjhlhl hl `uhl `uhltf tf ce chïme, jl` jl`erp erperf erfll f sus pre prepjf pjfss hs`rjt hs`rjturf urfs( s( hl hsth `fse `fse,, lfrrf`jelhs) hchohltes 7 phrselfghs, cukfrhs, ve`fducfrje ht`. Hste les cchvf f cf `el`cusjðl quh sh mhdh pethl`jfr cf `fltjmfm mh ch`turfs `eoe iuhlth mh jlierof`jðl, mh oe oemh mhce cess th thxt xtuf ufchs chs,, mh rh`ur rh`urse sess rht rhtðr ðrj` j`es es,, mh ve ve`f `fdu ducf cfrj rje. e. Le ecv ecvjm jmho hoes es cf jlthrthxtufcjmfm (rhcf`jðl hltrh mes thxtes, krf`jfs f cf jl`cusjðl mh ule hl hc etre, f trfvês mh `jtfs e fcusjelhs) sh bf `elvhrtjme hl hc pre`hmjojhlte oæs premu`tjve hl cf hs`rjturf. 4. Thier Thieroucfr oucfr ffrquhtjp rquhtjpes es f trf trfvês vês mh cf jlvh jlvhstjkf` stjkf`jðl7 jðl7 – bf bfdïf dïf ulf vhz. vhz....‟ ...‟ 0. Hc flæ flæcjsjs cjsjs mh cf lf lfrrf`jð rrf`jðll hl cf hs`u hs`uhcf hcf per ce kh khlhrfc lhrfc sh iie`fcjz e`fcjzff hl hc mðlmh, mðlmh, `uælm `uælmee y qujêlhs. Le hs iæ`jc pfrf hc ljöe `eopchgjzfr hc –y ul mïf sh phchfrel‟ hc mhsfrrecce mhc `elicj`te sðce puhmh shr fc`flzfme fc`flzfme per hc ljöe `el cf kuïf mhc me`hlth7 me`hlth7 hl quê tjhope ce vf udj` udj`fr fr (v (vhr hres esïo ïojcjc bjst bjstðr ðrj` j`e) e) y quh quh th thlk lkff hl `u `uhl hltf tf te teme mess ce cess hc hcho hohl hlte tes s `frf`t `fr f`thrïs hrïstj` tj`es es mhc ojsoe. ojsoe. @@ðoe ðoe se sell (phr (phrsel selfcjm fcjmfm) fm) y `ðo `ðoee sh `eop `eopertf ertfll ces phrselfghs (psj`ecekïf). Pj sh premu`h ulf fcthrf`jðl hl hc `eopertfojhlte mhdh shr fmgumj`fme f if`terhs hxthrles fc phrselfgh. =. @els @elstru tru`` ``jð jðll e fc fcth thrf rf`j `jðl ðl mh mhcc vh vhres resïo ïojcjc (kêl (kêlhr hree ifltæ ifltæst stj` j`e) e),, pfrf pfrf pr prhs hshrv hrvfr fr cfs cfs rhcf`jelhs mh `fusf y hih`te. Hstrfthkjfs pfrf cf `eopesj`jðl mh ul thxte. ^cfljij`fr 7 hc hs`r hs`rjte jterr sh pc pcfl flth thff `ðoe `ðoe cek cekrf rfrce rcess pr prep epjes jes ed edght ghtjv jves es y cf mh mhth thro rojlf jlfrcf rcfs s `frf`thrïstj`fs mh su fumjhl`jf. ^frtjr mh ul ofpf `el`hptufc, jmhltjij`fr `fthkerïfs, dus`fr cfs jmhfs sh`ulmfrjfs fyumf fc hs`rjter f mhthrojlfr quê tjpe mh jlierof`jðl vf f jl`cujr. Ces ljöes tjhlhl mjij`u mjij`uctfm ctfm pfr phlsf phlsfrr hl mhstjlftfr mhstjlftfrjes jes iuhrf mh su krupe mh pre`hm pre`hmhl`jf, hl`jf, per hlmh bfy quh hltrhlfrces `el fckulfs hstrfthkjfs quh prhmj`hl y hvjtfl hc hrrer prfkoætj`e. Jmhltjij`f`j Jmhltj ij`f`jðl ðl mhc mhstj mhstjlftfrj lftfrjee (µf qujêl5)7 @eoph @eophthl`jf thl`jf prfko prfkoætj`f ætj`f y `eoulj `eoulj`ftjv `ftjvf7 f7 rec mh hs`rjter, hs`rjter, rec mhc rh`hpter sjtuf sjtuf`jðl `jðl jl/ ierofc. Yfrjhm Yfrjhmfm fm mh chlkuf y rhkjstre jl/
ierofc. ^repðsjtes (pfrf quê)7 F`tes mhc bfdcf bfdcf,, hih`tes mhshfmes( jlierofr, phrsufmjr, secj`jtfr ht`).
@elthljme (quê)7 pcfl mh hs`rjturf (`eophthl`jf hl`j`cepêmj`f, `ele`jojhlte sedrh hc thof, ch`turfs prhvjfs)
]hxtufcjzfr7 Hs hc pre`hse mh `elvhrtjr cfs jmhfs hl chlkufgh vjsjdch. Mj`be pre`hse rhqujhrh hc oflhge mh temfs cfs hxjkhl`jfs hsph`jfchs mh cf chlkuf. ^frf ces ljöes y ces hs`rjterhs jlhxphrtes, fthlmhr temfs hstfs hxjkhl`jfs pumh jlthrihrjr hl hc pre`hse oæs kcedfc quh hs hc trftfr mh pcflthfr ce quh ule qujhrh mh`jr. If`terhs mh thxtufcjzf`jðl quh jlthrvjhlh hl hc oeohlte mh hs`rjdjr 7 @ebhrhl`jf7 ( ( quê, hc teme) 7 `ebhrhl`jf kcedfc, of`re hstru`turf shoæltj`fs (hc thof). Puphrhstru`turfs hsquhoætj`fs 7 tjpes mh thxtes, ieroftes (dus`fr oemhces). @ebhrhl`jf ce`fc 7 mjstrjdu`jðl mh cf jlierof`jðl y prekrhsjðl thoætj`f. Thcf`jelhs cðkj`fs y thoperfchs. @ebhsjðl7 ( ( cfs pfrths)7 `ebhsjðl cðkj`f y krfoftj`fc (tjpes mh `elh`terhs). Fmh`uf`jðl 7 vfrjhmfm, rhkjstre. If`terhs quh jlicuy If`terhs jlicuyhl hl hl cf `ebhrhl`jf kcedfc tjhlhl quh vhr `el cf jmhltji jmhltjij`f`j j`f`jðl ðl mh ul thof, erjhltf`jelhs, erkfljzf`jelhs mh mhtfcchs shk÷l ul pcfl mjs`hrljdch, utjcjzf`jðl mh ofr`fmerhs mh `ebhsjðl `ebhsjðl y `jhrrh. Cf `eltjlu `eltjlujmfm jmfm thoæ thoætj`f tj`f `eltrjd `eltrjduyh uyh f mfr f ces thxtes hsf `ufcjm `ufcjmfm fm mh `ebhrhl`jf y trflspfrhl`jf. Thsph`te mhc thof sh `elsjmhrfl duhles thxtes fquhcces hl ces quh hc hs`rjter meojlf `cfrfohlth hc hc `elthljme jmhf`jelfc y ce jlthkrf hl ulf hs`rjturf. Xl predchof mh thxtufcjzf`jðl7 cf prekrhsjðl thoætj`f Cf chkjdjcjmfm mh ces thxtes le sðce tjhlh quh vhr `el cf hxthlsjðl mh cf irfsh, sjle quh tjhlh quh vhr `el cf hstru`turf`jðl hstru`turf`jðl mh cf jlierof`jð jlierof`jðll hl cf ojsof ojsof.. Hl pfrtj`ucfr, cf mjstrjd mjstrjdu`jðl u`jðl mhc thof, ce `ele`jme, ce mfme y hc rhof rhof , , ce luhve, cf jlierof`jðl quh sh fkrhkf, jli jlicuhl`jf cuhl`jf ul fsph`te iulmfohltfc pfrf hc ch`ter7 cf jmhltjij`f`jðl mhc thof. I Mflhs (6:;=) jmhltjij`f `uftre krflmhs krupes mh prekrhsjðl7 6. ^re ^rekrh krhsjð sjðll cjlhf cjlhfcc sjop sjopch7 ch7 `fm `fmff rhof (e pfrt pfrths hs mhc rhof rhof)) sh `elvjh `elvjhrth rth hl tho thoff mh cf irfsh sjkujhlth. 4. ^rekr ^rekrhsjðl hsjðl mh mhcc thof ``elstf elstflth lth 7 hc o ojsoe jsoe hc hchohlte hohlte rrhfpfr hfpfrh`h h`h `eo `eoee thof mmhh irfsh hl irfsh y sh ch vfl fsjklflme su`hsjves rhofs luhves. 0. ^rek ^rekrhs rhsjð jðll mh th thof ofss mh mhrj rjvf vfme mes7 s7 hc rhof rhof mh ulf erf` erf`jð jðll (b (bjp jphr hrðlj ðljoe oe jl jlj`j j`jfc fc)) sh sudmjvjmh hl mes e oæs hchohltes quh sh `elvjhrthl hl thofs su`hsjves hl erf`jelhs sjkujhlths. =. ^rekr ^rekrhsjðl hsjðl mh mhcc rhof o o÷ctjpch ÷ctjpch 7 ces tho thofs fs su`h su`hsjves sjves ssel el hc mh ul rrhof hof o÷ o÷ctjpch ctjpch qquh uh mf erjkhl f mes e oæs prekrhsjelhs thoætj`fs. Cf prekrhsjðl prekrhsjðl thoæt thoætj`f j`f hs ulf mh cfs ofyerhs mjij mjij`uctf `uctfmhs mhs quh hlirhlt hlirhltff hc hs`rjter 7 `ðoe oflthlhr hc thof y f cf vhz bf`hrce prekrhsfr. Ph puhmh prepelhr ulf prekrhsjðl cjlhfc mhc tjpe6 pfrf trfdfgfr cf mhs`rjp`jðl, e cf mhc tjpe = pfrf thxtes hxpesjtjves `cfsjij`fterjes, ht`. Ces predchofs oæs irh`uhlths quh mhdhl rhsecvhr ces ljöes7 ^frf ces tjpes 6 y 47 jopesjdjcjmfm mh hxpflmjr hc thxte, per ce quh le puhmhl fkrhkfr luhves luh ves rhof rhofss f ul tho thof. f. Xlf hstr hstrfth fthkjf kjf mjmæ`tj mjmæ`tj`f `f pfrf ifver ifverh`h h`hrr hst hstes es tjpes mh prekrhsjðl hs cf mh frofr hl hc pjzfrrðl gulte `el ces `bj`es y flths mh pelhrsh f
hs`rjd hs` rjdjr, jr, hsi hsihrf hrfss sho shoælt æltj`f j`fss fse`jf`jelhs (`e (`elgul lgulte te mhshoæltj`fs têro têrojles jles (pfcfdrfs quh sh rhijhrh rhi jhrhl l f ul ojs ojsoe oe `el`hpte, hxphrjhl`jfs ht`.)y quh tjhlhl hl `eo÷l cf rhihrhl`jf f ulf jmhf y quh hve`fl hl ul bfdcflth y ul eyhlth joækhlhs e
shlsf`jelhs flæcekfs. Hste ifverh`h hc trfdfge `el hc rhphrterje cêxj`e y hc jl`rhohlte mh ve`fducfrje. ^frf hc tjpe 0, hs irh`uhlth quh ces fcuoles mhghl sjl mhsfrreccfr fckules mh ces hc hcho hohl hlte tess quh quh jlth jlthkr krfl fl hc bjph bjphrð rðljo ljoee jlj`j jlj`jfc fc.. Hs rh rh`e `eoh ohlm lmfd fdch ch tr trfd fdfg fgfr fr hl cf hcfderf`jðl prhvjf mh `fopes shoæltj`es hl ces quh ces ljöes vjsufcj`hl hl hc pjzfrrðl temes ces hchohltes quh sh jl`cuyh jl`cuyhll hl ch `el`hp `el`hpte te ofyer, bf`hr jlvhlt jlvhltfrjes, frjes, cjstfs y cuhke thxtufcjzfrces. ^frf hc tjpe = 7 hs bfdjtufc quh ces fcuoles per predchofs mh `ebhsjðl thxtufc le rhteohl cf prekrhsjðl. Hl hstes `fses hc ch`ter pjhrmh cf rhihrhl`jf f quê thof sh rhijhrh hc luhve thof. Hs `elvhljhlth trfdfgfr `el o ofpfs fpfs y rhmhs `el`hptufchs.
Cf rhvjsjðl7 Cf hs`rjturf mh derrfmerhs pelh hl guhke f`tjtumhs mhc hs`rjter quh ces ljöes mhdhl mhsfrreccfr hl cf hs`uhcf, `elsjmhrfr su rhmf``jðl prevjserjf, sughtf f rhvjsjðl y phrih``jelfdch. Hc derrfmer mhdh pfsfr pfsfr f ierofr pfrth mh cf `ucturf hs`ec hs`ecfr. fr. Ces ljöes `frh`hl mh ulf –rutjlf hgh`utjvf hgh`utjvf‟ ‟ quh if`jcjth hc `fodje mh pre`hses e fcjhltf f cf `el`hp`jðl `elstflth mh jmhfs. Hc hs`rjte hxphrte rhvjsf7 µ Vuê5 ‐ Pj sh mjge ce quh sh quhrïf mh`jr.
µ ^frf quê5- Hih`te mhshfme. µ F qujêl5- Fmh`uf`jðl. µ@ðoe5 - ]jpe mh thxtes. @ebhrhl`jf. @ebhsjðl. ^ultuf`jðl. @errh``jðl krfoftj`fc. Ye`fducfrje. @errhcf`jðl vhrdfc ‐ leroftjvf - ertekræij`f. Th`urses mh hstjce. Peperth ‐ Chkjdjcjmfm7 trfzfme mh cfs chtrfs. @elvhl`jelhs. Mjspesj`jðl hl hc hspf`je. ]jtucfme. Pudtjtucfme ‐ sflkrïf - ofr`fs kræij`fs. Xl sudpre`hse mh cf rhvjsjðl hs cf hvfcuf`jðl.
Cfs Ofr`fs mh erfcjmfm ]hlkfoes hl `uhltf quh ces ljöes prevjhlhl mh ulf `ucturf erfc, y hs hsphrfdch quh fpfrhz`fl cfs ofr`fs mh erfcjmfm hl sus premu``jelhs, y hs edghte mh cf hlshöflzf mh cf hs`rjturf cekrfr cf futeleoïf mhc `ðmjke hs`rjte rhsph`te mhc erfc. Fckulfs mh hstfs ofr`fs ofr`fs sel cf ifctf mh ces sjkles mh pultuf`jðl, hcjsjðl mhc krfihof –s‟ ijlfc, cf jlmjihrhl`jf`jðl mhc beoðiele y pfcfdrfs sjl shpfrfr. Ces ofr`fmerhs mh erfcjmfm `eoe –ch `uhlte‟ e –pfse f `eltfrch‟, sel utjcjzfmes `eoe ephrfmerhs prfkoætj`es, hl cukfr mhc pulte y fpfrth, pfrf jlierofrch fc rh`hpter quh hstæ `fodjflme mh thof. Ces ljöes hs`rjdhl `eoe bfdcfl, per hse hc trfdfge mh hs`rjturf mhdh `elmu`jrce fc fprhlmjzfgh quh jopcj`f `elsjmhrfr cf chlkuf hs`rjtf `eoe ul `ðmjke mh rhprhshltf`jðl futðleoe mhc mh cf erfcjmfm. Ojhltrfs quh cf `ucturf erfc hs ieroucfrjf y f`uoucftjvf, cf `ucturf hs`rjtf, trflsierof cf f`uoucf`jðl hl ghrfrqujzf`jðl. Cf jlthr jlthrvh vhl` l`jð jðll me`h me`hlt lthh mh mhdh dhrïf rïf mj mjrj rjkj kjrsh rsh f quh quh ce cess lj ljöe öess pr prek ekrh rhsj sjvf vfoh ohlth lth hcj hcjoj ojlhl lhl rhphtj`jelhs, rhhopcf`hl hc use prjofrje mh cf `elgul`jðl mh `elh`terhs( fmjtjves, fmvhrsftjves, `fusfchs) quh hstfdch`hl rhcf`jelhs mh ghrfrqujzf`jðl hltrh cfs prepesj`jelhs.
Cf ofr`f mh erfcjmfm tfodjêl sh ofljijhstf , `eoe cf jopesjdjcjmfm mh fchgfrsh mhc `elthxte jlohmjfte. Ces ljöes le bfl fmqujrjme cfs bfdjcjmfmhs quh ch phrojthl jmhltjij`fr cfs ve`hs (lfrrfmer, phrselfgh 6, phrselfgh 4 ht`.) y hopchfr cfs ofr`fs kræij`fs quh fyumfl fc ch`terf rh`ele`hr `fmf ulf y quh `ecfderfl `el cf chkjdjcjmfm y `eoprhlsjdjcjmfm mhc hs`rjte. ^frf fprhlmhr f hs`rjdjr, bfy quh chhr ou`be y hs`rjdjr ou`be., rhfcjzfr hghr`j`jes mh rh`ele`jojhlte mh ve`hs, mh mjs`urses mjrh`tes, , jlmjrh`tes y lfrrftjvjzfmes, fyumfl f ces ljöes f rh`ele`hr y hopchfr `eojccfs, ces mes pultes, rfyf mh mjæceke, sjkle quh jlierof kræij`fohlth quh hc quh bfdcf hs ul le ye y ul ye mjihrhlth. Etrfs ifctfs irh`uhlths mh rhmf``jðl Hl Cf `e`jlf mh cf hs`rjturf, hs`rjturf, Mfljhc @fssfly `cfsjij`f ifccfs irh`uhlths mh rhmf``jðl quh tjhlhl su erjkhl hl cf jl`errh``jðl sjltæ`tj`f. Hghopcjij`frê hltrh ces sech`jsoes quh ohl`jelf, ces quh ofyerhs predchofs trfhl f ces ljöes. Pjchpsjs7 `elsjsth hl quhdrfltfr cf `el`ermfl`jf hl hc kêlhre, l÷ohre e cf phrself pfrf fthlmhr hc shltjme mh cf irfsh. Flf`ecute7 irfshs retfs hl cfs quh cf shkulmf pfrth le f`eopföf f cf prjohrf e le sh `errhspelmh, ifccf ouy irh`uhlthl ces hs`rjtes mh ces fcuoles. Whukof7 hs ul tjpe mh hcjpsjs quh hvjtf rhphtj`jelhs phre puhmh mfr cukfr f rhkïohlhs
jrrhkucfrhs y mjs`ermfl`jfs krfoftj`fchs. Xlf ifccf tïpj`f hs cf mh cf fcthrf`jðl mhc rêkjohl mh cfs prhpesj`jelhs. Cf jlthrf``jðl erfc `eoe jlstruohlte pfrf cf hcfderf`jðl mh ces uses hs`rjtes mh cf chlkuf Cf pcfljij`f`jðl mh preyh`tes mh hs`rjturf hl cf hs`uhcf mf cukfr f rhpcflthfr cf rhcf`jðl quh sh hstfdch`h hltrh hc fcuole y su ofhstre, y hltrh `eopföhres. Phk÷l ul hliequh se`je`elstru`tjvjstf, hc fprhlmjzfgh hs hc rhsuctfme mh cf jlthrlfcjzf`jðl mh ces hchohltes `ucturfchs f trfvês mh cf jlthrf``jðl. Ce jlthrpsïquj`e pfsf f shr jltrfpsïquj`e. Cf jlthrf``jðl erfc f`t÷f `eoe jlstruohlte mh ohmjf`jðl quh phrojth hc pfse mh cfs iul`jelhs mh cf erfcjmfm f cfs mh cf hs`rjturf. Krf`jfs fc bfdcf quh prh`hmh cf f`tjvjmfm, hc fcuole sh rhkucf Hc bfdcf erkfljzf ul ces luhve ljvhc mhpfses `elmu`tf7 ohtf`eklj`jðl. @fssflyf sï hlojsoe. –Hlshöfr chlkuf‟, sukjhrh sjkujhlths pfrf pfrf cfcf rhfcjzf`jðl mh cf hltrhvjstf ( hs hc oeohlte = e 8 ojlutes hl hc quh hc me`hlth fyumf fc ljöe f rhichxjelfr sedrh cfs f`tjvjmfmhs y `eoe ohgerfr su rhlmjojhlte). Mjfklðstj`e. Hc fcuole hxpcj`f ce quh hstæ bf`jhlme, vhrdfcjzfr sus phlsfojhltes, ces edghtjves mh cf rhmf``jðl y ces pred predchofs chofs quh sh ch prhshltfl. Hc ofhstre fyumf `el prhkultfs mhc tjpe7 µth kustf ce quh hs`rjdïs5 µquê hstæs bf`jhlme5 µth surkjð fck÷l predchof5. Ch`turf. Ch`tu rf. Ofhstre y fcuole chhl y hxfoj hxfojlfl lfl ce quh sh bf hs`rjt hs`rjte. e. Hc fcuol fcuolee ce hxpcj` hxpcj`f f erfcohlth y hc ofhstre puhmh bf`hr prhkultfs. ^futf e jlstru``jðl. Hc ofhstre mhth`tf ces hrrerhs e ces pultes iceges mhc pre`hse mh trfdfge mhc fcuole y hc thxte, y mf pjstfs pfrf ohgerfrces. Hgho.7 - Hsth pærrfie hs
pedrh µ @ðoe pemrïfs fopcjfrce5 Bfy fckulfs rhphtj`jelhs jllh`hsfrjfs µ @uæchs hcjojlfrïfs y `ðoe5 µ@ðoe sh pemrïfl ermhlfr temes hstes mftes5.
Hc me`hlth hs hc quh mhdh f`hr`frsh pfrf suphrvjsfr cf ofr`bf mhc hs`rjte, mhgfr bfdcfr y hs`u`bfr hs`u` bfr f ces ljöes, êstes fc bfdcfr fprh fprhlmhl lmhl f `elsjmhrfrces `elsjmhrfrces edghte edghtess mh rhichxjðl, bf`h bf`hl l prhkultfs, prhku ltfs, prepe prepelhl lhl secu`jel secu`jelhs. hs. Hc me`hlth ces fyumf f mhth`t mhth`tfr fr hc predchof, jmhlt jmhltjij`fr jij`frce ce y mfrch secu`jðl. Etrf sukhrhl`jf, hs hc trfdfge hltrh pfrhs, hc `ufc preouhvh cf pcfljij`f`jðl `elgultf, cf mjs`usjðl mh jmhfs, cf d÷squhmf mh secu`jelhs. Ces `eopföhres chhl hltrh sï ces trfdfges y sh `errjkhl. Hl`uhltrfl hl hc fucf ul ch`ter, fmhoæs mhc me`hlth. Hste ch phrojth fc fcuole mjstfl`jfrsh mjstf l`jfrsh mh su thxte y vhrce `el eges mh ch`ter. Pj djhl bfy pe`f jlvhstjkf`jðl jlvhstjkf`jðl fc rhsph rhsph`te, `te, pfrf cf jlthrf``jðl hlth pfrhs shrïf `elvhljhlth quh cf fkrupf`jðl sh mê hltrh `eopföhres quh `eopfrthl cf zelf mh mhsfrrecce prðxjoe. @elthljmes mh hlshöflzf y fprhlmjzfgh quh shræl ie`e mh fthl`jðl prhihrhlth ful hl sjtuf`jelhs mh premu``jðl kcedfchs. Bfy jlthrhsflths prepuhstfs mh hlshöflzf quh frtj`ucfl cfs f`tjvjmfmhs mh premu``jðl mh thxtes, jlshrtfs hl sjtuf`jelhs mjs`ursjvfs quh cfs oetjvfl, `el cf ie`fcjzf`jðl mh cf hlshöflzf mh ules `elthljmes hxpcï`jtes y mhcjojtfme. Fmhoæs mh ces oeohltes jl`jmhltfchs, hc me`hlth tjhlh ul pcfl mhc trfdfge flufc, dfsfme hl hc vjtfh, iul`jðl mhchl `ufc cf rhichxjðl fcuoles sedrh `jhrtes quh mh sh mhdhl hl sjsthoftjzfr hsfmjrjkh htfpf. Mfme quhmhhcsus @D@ sh prhshltfl `eoe fsph`tes ulf sfdflf `elthljmes, ulf mjij`uctfm quh sh pcflthf hs quê ie`fcjzfr hl `fmf sjtuf`jðl kcedfc mh hs`rjturf µVuê tjhope e oeme vhrdfc hl quê tjpe mh thxte5 Cf ofyerïf mh ces mjshöes `urrj`ucfrhs erkfljzfl ces `elthljmes `el`hptufchs shk÷l tjpes thxtufchs. Hl `uflte f ulf pcfljij`f`jðl quh phrojtf sh`uhl`jfr y krfmufr ces pre`hmjojhltes jopcj`fmes hl pfrth e tetfcjmfm mhc `j`ce, sh thlmræl hl `uhltf cf pesjdjcjmfm mh quh ces fcuoles puhmfl mhsfrreccfr bfdjcjmfmhs y pelhr hl præ`tj`f f``jelhs quh jopcjquhl7 Hstf Hstfdc dch` h`jo jojh jhlt ltee mh rhcf rhcf`j `jel elhs hs mh `eop `eopch chgjm gjmfm fm `rh `rh`j `jhl hlth th.. Hg Hg77 mh cf sh`u sh`uhl` hl`jf jf fc hstfdch`jojhlte mh rhcf`jelhs thoperfchs, cðkj`fs. Jl`cusjðl mh ierofs mh `eoulj`f`jðl oæs hcfderfmfs. Hg.7 mh cf `frtf ifojcjfr f cf secj`jtum y hc rh`cfoe.
Pjsthoftjzf`jðl `rh`jhlth Hg.7mh cf ertekrfiïf mh use hl hc prjohr `j`ce f cfs rhkcfs ertekræij`fs mhc thr`hr `j`ce.
Pj djhl murflth hc föe sh puhmhl pcfljij`fr tfrhfs mh hs`rjturf hxthlsjvf. Cfs hxthlsjvfs sel prepuhstfs kcedfchs, oæs cfrkfs (mes e oæs `cfshs, shoflfs, ohshs, shk÷l hc tjpe mh oemhce), `hltrfmfs hl hc pre`hse `eopchte mh premu``jðl mh thxtes quh yf sh mhs`rjdjð. Cfs jlt jlthls hlsjvf jvfs, s, sel hghr hghr`j` `j`jes jes mh `er `ertf tf murf murf`jð `jðll (ul (ulff ber berf, f, ulf `cfsh) `cfsh)mh mh tjp tjpee flf flfcïtj cïtj`es `es `hltrfmes hl mhthrojlfme fsph`te `el`rhte e ce`fc mhc thxte (ertekrfiïf, sjltfxjs, `errhcf`jðl vhrdfc, jl`rhohlte mh ve`fducfrje ht`.) Cf hvfcuf`jðl le sðce `eoe premu`t premu`te e sjle tfodjêl `eoe pre`hse mh hs`rjturf
Hc `el`hpte quh fquï sh pcflthf hs hc mh hvfcuf`jðl `eoe jlstruohlte mh oeljterhe tflte pfrf hc me`hlth `eoe pfrf hc fcuole, `eoe sudpre`hse mh cf rhvjsjðl mhltre mhc pre`hse mh cf hs`rjturf y mhc premu`te ijlfc. @fssfly, hl Hlshöfr Chlkuf, rh`eojhlmf7 6. hlthlm hlthlmhr hr cf `er `errh``jð rh``jðll `eoe ulf tê`lj` tê`lj`ff mjmæ` mjmæ`tj`f tj`f quh ppuhmh uhmh sshr hr vecult vecultfrjf, frjf, vvfrjfm frjfmff y pfrtj`jpftjvf. 4. 0. =. 8. 9.
`er `errhk rhkjr jr sð sðce ce ce qquh uh hc ffcuo cuole le pu puhmf hmf ffprh prhlmh lmhr. r. `errhk `errhkjrjr `uf `ufcqujhr cqujhr fsph` fsph`te te mhc thxte y mhc pre`hs pre`hsee mh ``eopes eopesj`jðl. j`jðl. mfr mfr `el `elsh shge gess ppræ ræ`t `tj` j`es es.. `er `errhk rhkjr jr `uf `uflme lme hc fc fcuol uolee tjhlh iirhs rhs`e `e ce quh bf hs hs`rj `rjte. te. mhg mhgfr fr tjho tjhope pe hl `cfsh pf pfrf rf quh ces fcuo fcuoles les puhm puhmfl fl chhr y `eohl `eohltfr tfr cfs `er `errh` rh``je `jelhs lhs mhc preihser. ;. ofr`f ofr`frr ces hrr hrrerhs erhs y phmjr ffcc fcuole quh dus dusquh quh cf secu`jð secu`jðll `errh`tf. `errh`tf. 2. thlhr hhltrhvjs ltrhvjstfs tfs jlm jlmjvjmuf jvjmufchs. chs. @e @errhkjr rrhkjr erfco erfcohlth hlth sus trfdf trfdfges ges hs` hs`rjtes. rjtes. :. mfr f `ele`h `ele`hrr bhrrfo bhrrfojhl jhltfs tfs pfrf quh ces fcuo fcuoles les puh puhmfl mfl fute fute`er `errhk rhkjrsh jrsh77 hlshöf hlshöfrr f oflhgfr y `elsuctfr mj``jelfrjes, krfoætj`fs y cjdres mh vhrdes, ht`. 6>. `er `errhk rhkjr jr ces derrf derrfmerh merhss mh ces thx thxtes tes prhvj prhvjes es f cf vhrsjð vhrsjðll mhi mhijljt jljtjvf jvf.. Hst Hstjou joucfr cfr f ces fcuoles f rhvjsfr y rhbf`hr sus hs`rjtes. @uflme sh `eltrecf cf premu``jðl hs`rjtf, ofhstres fcuoles mhdhræl thlhr hl `uhltf f ppfrtjr frtjr mh cjstfs mh `ethge7 `ðoe bfl `uopcjme ces mjstjltes pre`hmjojhltes mhc pre`hse mh hs`rjturf- pcfljij`f`jðl, thxtufcjzf`jðl, rhvjsjðl y rhhs`rjturf. @uæc hs hc premu`te ijlfc, hc hs`rjte quh prhshltfl. Hc flæcjsjs mhc premu`te hs`rjte hs ulf jlstfl`jf mh cf hvfcuf`jðl ierofmerf melmh sh pelhl hl guhke ces `elthljmes mh cf rhichxjðl sedrh ces bh`bes mh chlkufgh sedrh cf prepjf premu``jðl. Fcuoles y me`hlth hvfc÷fl sj hc hs`rjte7 hs ul thxte e ul le - thxte (cfs prepesj`jelhs sh sjkuhl `el e sjl rhcf`jðl cðkj`f hltrh hccfs. Thsphtf cf suphrhstru`turf mhc thxte quh jlmj`fdf cf `elsjklf. Erkfljzf cf pækjlf, prhshltf tïtuces, sudtïtuces, pfrækrfies. Hopchf hc sjsthof mh tjhopes vhrdfchs hl cf rhcf`jðl `el hc tjpe mh hs`rjte (prhtêrjtes hl cf lfrrf`jðl, jlijljtjve h jlstru`tjves ht`.) Xtjcj Xtjcjzf zf `e `errh rrh`t `tfo fohl hlth th ce cess hc hcho hohlt hltes es `e `ebh bhsj sjve ves( s( pr prel eleo eodr drh, h, sj sjlðl lðljo joe, e, `errhihrhl`jf, pfcfdrfs khlhrfcjzfmerfs, `elgul`jelhs). Xtjcjzf `errh`tfohlth cf pultuf`jðl jlthrlf(,71). Xtjcjzf `errh`tfohlth cf pultuf`jðl jlthrerf`jelfc (µ¡.). - Fmh`uf cf vfrjhmfm mh chlkuf y hc rhkjstre utjcjzfme fc tjpe mh thxte y fc `elthxte melmh vf f `jr`ucfr. @eltjhlh ul rhphrterje cêxj`e. ]jhlh `el`ermfl`jf (sughte/ vhrde, fmghtjve/ sustfltjve). ]jhlh `errh`tf ertekrfiïf. Hs chkjdch. Ph mhdh rhofr`fr quh le sh `errjkh teme gulte yf quh ces fvfl`hs hl cf hs`rjturf sh vfl premu` pre mu`jhl jhlme me hl fpr fprexj exjof` of`jel jelhs hs su` su`hsj hsjvfs vfs.. Hc me` me`hlt hlthh hvf hvfc÷f c÷f cfs pes pesjdj jdjcjmf cjmfmhs mhs fih fih`tj `tjvfs vfs,,
`ekljtjvfs y cjlkóïstj`fs mh sus fcuoles, tjhlh hl `uhltf `ðoe hc fcuole bf jme rhsecvjhlme ces predchofs quh sh chs prhshltfrel y sedrh teme `uæchs sel sus prekrhses. [fcthr Elk7 Cfs th`lecekïfs th`lecekïfs le sel sðce rh`urs rh`urses es hxthrles, sjle tfod tfodjêl jêl trflsierof` trflsierof`jelhs jelhs jlthrjerhs mh cf `el`jhl`jf, y ou`be oæs `uflme fih`tfl cf pfcfdrf. ]fchs trflsierof`jelhs puhmhl rhsuctfr hstjoucflths. Cf hs`rjturf mf vjker f cf `el`jhl`jf Q.._ Cf hs`rjturf hs `eopchtfohlth frtjij`jfc. Le bfy oflhrf mh hs`rjdjr –lfturfcohlth‟.
JLYHP]JKF@JELHP PEDTH HC ]HR]E HR^EPJ]JYE7 F^ET]HP ^FTF CEP ME@HL]HP. JLYHP]JKF@JELHP [. Pcfthr y O. Krfvhs HL7 HC ]HR]E HR^EPJ]JYE. HP]TF]HKJFP ^FTF PX @EO^THLPJÐL. HP]TF]HKJFP MH FXCF. A. Outb (`eop.) Mhijlj`jðl mh thxte hxpesjtjve Hc sj sjku kujh jhlt lthh flæc flæcjsj jsjss jlt jlthl hltf tf mf mfrr ulf ulf mh mhijijlj` lj`jð jðll , dfsæ dfsælm lmes eshh hl `u `uft ftre re rf rfsk skes es qu quhh se sel l `frf`thrïstj`es mh cf ofyerïf- sj djhl le mh temes- ces thxtes hxpesjtjves7 6. Hc thxte hxpesjtjve `eoe thxte jlieroftjve . Cf iul`jðl prjoermjfc mh ul thxte hxpesjtjve hxpes jtjve hs prhsh prhshltfr ltfr fc ch`ter jlierof`j jlierof`jðl ðl sedrh therïfs, prhmj``jelh prhmj``jelhs, s, phrself phrselfghs, ghs, bh`bes , ih`bf ih`bfs, s, hsph` hsph`jij`f` jij`f`jelhs jelhs khlhrfcjzf khlhrfcjzf`jelhs, `jelhs, cjojtf`je cjojtf`jelhs lhs y `el`cus `el`cusjelhs. jelhs. Fc ojsoe tjhope, ul duhl thxte hxpesjtjve mhdh jr oæs fccæ mh cf sjopch jlierof`jðl, sh
lh`hsjtf fcke oæs quh ulf sjopch su`hsjðl mh mftes, sh supelh quh hc ch`ter tjhlh quh hcfderfr hc flæcjsjs y cf sïlthsjs, oæs fccæ mh ces bh`bes fsï prhshltfmes. Cf jlierof`jðl hs hc edghtjve `hltrfc mh hsth tjpe mh thxte, hs tfrhf mhc futer bf`hrcf `eoprhlsjdch e shkujræ sjhlme ul sjopch cjstfme mh f`elth`jojhltes quh shræl jl`eoprhlsjdchs pfrf cf ofyerïf mh ces fcuoles, fc ohles quh hc thxte `elthlkf `eohltfrjes f`cfrfterjes. 4. Hc thxte hxpesjtjve `eoe thxte hxpcj`ftjve . Xl duhl thxte hxpesjtjve jl`erperf hxpcj`f`jelhs y hcfderf`jelhs hcfderf`jelhs sjkljij`ftjvfs- rhcf`jelfmf rhcf`jelfmfss `el cfs therïfs, prhmj``jelhs, phrsel phr selfgh fghs, s, bh` bh`bes bes , ih` ih`bfs bfs,, hsp hsph`j h`jij`f ij`f`je `jelhs lhs khl khlhrf hrfcjz cjzf`j f`jelhs elhs,, cjo cjojtf jtf`je `jelhs lhs y `e `el` l`cu cusje sjelh lhss - `e `eoe oe pf pfrth rth mh mhcc ljv ljvhc hc jl jlie iero roft ftjv jve. e. Xl du duhl hlff hx hxpe pesj` sj`jð jðll jopc jopcj` j`f f jlierof`jðl sjkljij`ftjvf. 0. Hc thxte hxpesjtjve `eoe thxte mjrh`tjve. ]jhlh cf `ufcjmfm mh shr –mjrh`tjve‟ , mh pemhr f`tufr mh kuïf. ^rhshltf `cfvhs hxpcï`jtfs- jlstru``jelhs, tïtuces, sudtïtuces y rhs÷ rhs÷oh ohlhs lhs-- quh quh sj sjrv rvhl hl F^ F^TF TF quh quh ce cess ch ch`t `ter erhs hs pu puhm hmfl fl hx hxtr trfh fhrr cfs cfs jm jmhf hfss oæ oæs s jopertflths y ces `el`hptes quh cfs susthltfs. Hc futer puhmh fkrhkfr `eohltfrjes sedrh ces pultes jopertflths e oæs sjkljij`ftjves, `eoe pfrf quh hc ch`ter puhmf jmhltjij`fr `el`hptes iulmfohltfchs, mhijlj`jelhs y hxpcj`f`jelhs. ^frf quh ul thxte shf mjrh`tjve, mhdh mhgfr hltrhvhr hc `eopreojse f`tjve mhc futer f trfvês mh cfs sukhrhl`jfs sedrh ce quh hs jopertflth y hs joprhs`jlmjdch quh shf `eoprhlmjme. =. Hc thxt thxte e hx hxpe pesj sjtj tjve ve y cf lf lfrr rrft ftjv jvf. f. Xl duh duhll thx thxte te hxp hxpesj esjtjve tjve mhd mhdhh `el `elthlh thlhr r hchohltes lfrrftjves. Ces futerhs mh hsth tjpe mh thxte jl`cuyhl phquhöfs flê`metfs, iæducfs e `uhltes, quh jcustrhl mhthrojlfmes pultes, `eoe pfrf quh cf jlierof`jðl sh bfkf oæs `eoprhlsjdch h jlthrhsflth. Xlf flê`metf puhmh prevhhr cf hcfderf`jðl lh`hsfrjf pfrf quh cf jlierof`jðl shf sjkljij`ftjvf. Thsuojhlme, ul duhl thxte hxpesjtjve hs thxte hl presf hl hc `ufc hc futer prhshltf cf jlierof`jðl. ]fodjêl hs hxpcj`ftjve hl cf ohmjmf hl hc quh futer jl`cuyh cfs hxpcj`f`jelhs lh`hsfrjfs pfrf phrojtjr quh ces ch`terhs hltjhlmfl cf jlierof`jðl prhshltfmf. Fmhoæs hs mjrh mj rh`t `tjv jve, e, hl tf tflt ltee hc fu fute terr `e `eop opre reoh ohth th f` f`tjtjvf vfoh ohlt lthh f ce cess ch ch`t `ter erhs hs hl ul mj mjæc æcek eke e hs`cfrh`hmer h jlmj`f ce quh hs y le hs jopertflth. ^er ÷ctjoe ul hx`hchlth thxte hxpesjtjve jl`erperf lfrrf`jelhs quh mhl vjmf f cf presf y ftrfjkfl f ces cch`terhs. h`terhs. ]jpes mh thxtes hxpesjtjves Hl cf sïlthsjs quh prhshltfl @fcihh y @urchy bf`hl mh cfs jmhfs mh Frjstðthchs, Cf rhtðrj`f, prhshltfl `eoe `fthkerïfs iulmfohltfchs pfrf hc hstjce mhc thxte hxpesjtjve7 mhs`rjp`jðl, jcustrf`jðl, frkuohlte y phrsufsjðl, y ephrf`jelfcjmfm. Mhs`rjp`jðl7 Mhltre mh hstf `fthkerïf sh jl`cuyhl7 cf mhijlj`jðl, cf mjvjsjðl `cfsjij`fterjf y `eopfrf`jðl y `eltrfsth. Cfs mhijlj`jelhs puhmhl usfrsh pfrf mhijljr têrojles, pfrf mhs`rjdjr rfskes jopertflths e pfrf hstfdch`hr rhcf`jelhs `el etres edghtes. Cf mjvjsjðl `cfsjij`fterjf `cfsjij`fterjf phrojt phrojthh f ces futerhs mhs`rjdjr mhs`rjdjr y `frf`thrjz `frf`thrjzfr fr fsph`tes mh ul edghte e ojhodres mh ulf `cfsh y cuhke rhcf`jelfrces hl vjrtum mh sus rfskes sjojcfrhs.
Ijlfcohlth, cf `eopfrf`jðl y hc `eltrfsth mfl cf ep`jðl mh mhs`rjdjr sjojcjtumhs y mjihrhl`jfs hltrh hltjmfmhs mjvhrsfs.
Jcustrf`jðl. Cf prjohrf `fthkerïf jl`cujmf mhltre mh hsth pulte hs cf flfcekïf, f trfvês mh hstf tê`lj`f hstjcïstj`f, ces futerhs puhmhl hstfdch`hr ulf `eopfrf`jðl hltrh jmhfs mjihrhlths, edghtes e f`tjvjmfmhs `eoe pfrf jcustrfr rhcf`jelhs. Cf flfcekïf tjhlh ul krfl pethl`jfc hxpcj`ftjve. Hc hghopce hs cf shkulmf tê`lj`f hstjcïstj`f utjcjzfmf pfrf jcustrfr. Fc shch``jelfr hghopces tïpj`es e sed sedrhsf rhsfcjhl cjhlths ths mh f`e f`elth lth`jo `jojhlt jhltes es e sjt sjtuf` uf`jel jelhs hs pfr pfrtj`u tj`ucfr cfrhs, hs, ces fut futerh erhss if` if`jcjt jcjtfl fl cf `eoprhlsjðl mh jmhfs mjiï`jchs e fdstrf`tfs. Ph`uhl`jf. Cf sh`uhl`jf hs cf thr`hrf `cfsjij`f`jðl jopertflth. Cf prjohrf `fthkerïf, hc pre`hse, phrojth fc futer mjshöfr ulf `fltjmfm mh hghopces e su`hses `elh`tfmes, pfrf mhoestrfr quh ces flthrjerhs hrfl lh`hsfrjes pfrf cekrfr tfc e `ufc rhsuctfme. Xl pre`hse puhmh `hltrfrsh hl `ðoe sh cchkf f ulf mhthrojlfmf mh`jsjðl, `ðoe sh `rhf ul premu`te. @fusf y hih`te mfl cf fcthrlftjvf fmj`jelfc mh hsph`jij`fr ulf shrjh mh f`elth`jojhltes hl ulf `fmhlf `fusfc. Frkuohlte y phrsufsjðl. phrsufsjðl. Cf `ufrtf `cfsjij`f`jðl mhc hstjce hxpesjtjve, phrojth fc futer prhshltfr ulf jlierof`jðl y hxprhsfr, fc ojsoe tjhope, su epjljðl fc rhsph`te. Hc rfzelfojhlte mhmu`tjve pfrth mh cfs khlhrfcjmfmhs mhc `elthljme y vf bf`jf cfs pfrtj`ucfrjmfmhs quh ce hxpcj`fl oæs `cfrfohlth. ^er hc `eltrfrje, hc rfzelfojhlte jlmu`tjve pfrth mh ces mhtfcchs quh hxpcj`fl hc `elthljme y vf bf`jf cfs khlhrfcjmfmhs quh rhsuctfl mh hih`tes f`uoucftjves mh fquhcces. Ijlfcohlth, cf phrsufsjðl prhshltf ulf shrjh mh frkuohltes mh cf oflhrf oæs `elvhljhlth `eoe pfrf sesthlhr ulf mhthrojlfmf jmhf u epjljðl. Ephrf`jelfcjmfm. Cf qujltf y ÷ctjof `cfsjij`f`jðl. ^uhmh shr quh hstf shf cf oæs edvjf, yf quh sus trhs `eopelhlths sel usfmes fdulmflthohlth per ces futerhs mh thxtes hxpesjtjves. Cf prjohrf `fthkerïf hs cf jltremu``jðl y hs utjcjzfmf pfrf erjhltfr f ces ch`terhs bf`jf ul prepðsjte mhthrojlfme. Mh oflhrf sjojcfr, cf trflsj`jðl hliftjzf cfs rhcf`jelhs hltrh cf jlierof`jðl mfmf y cf jlierof`jðl luhvf, tflte mhltre mh ces pærrfies `eoe hltrh ces ule y etre. @eoe ÷ctjof `fthkerïf, sh hl`uhltrf cf `el`cusjðl, quh phrojth f ces futerhs rhvhr cf jlierof`jðl mfmf y rhsuojr cfs jmhfs y epjljelhs oæs jopertflths. @ðoe hlshöfr f ces fcuoles f chhr ul thxte hxpesjtjve ^frf ^frf fl flfc fcjz jzfr fr cf cfss mj mjih ihrh rhlt lths hs of oflh lhrf rfss mh hstj hstjou oucf cfrr cf `e `eop oprh rhls lsjð jðll mh ce cess fcuo fcuole les, s, prhshlt prh shltfrh frhoes oes hl prjohr prjohr têro têrojle jle ul pcf pcfll mh hls hlshöf höflzf lzf y cuh cuhke ke mhs mhs`rj `rjdjr djrhoe hoess `uf `uftre tre hstrfthkjfs, quh shk÷l cfs jlvhstjkf`jelhs, bfl rhsuctfme hih`tjvfs. Hc pcfl mh hlshöflzf fquï prepuhste, sh ce ccfoð –krfmufc mhchkf`jðl mh rhspelsfdjcjmfm‟.
Fc `eojhlze ces me`hlths mhdhl eirh`hr ul oemhce mh cf tfrhf mh fprhlmjzfgh f rhfcjzfr. Fc bf`hrce fsuoh cf rhspelsfdjcjmfm mh cf shch``jðl mhc ofthrjfc y oestrfr hxpcï`jtfohlth y –oemhcfr‟ mj`bf tfrhf mh tfc ierof quh ces fcuoles puhmfl edshrvfr ces fsph`tes oæs jopertflths mh su rhfcjzf`jðl y `fptfr `uæc shræ hc premu`te ijlfc. F ohmjmf quh ces me`hlths `eltjl÷fl `eltjl÷ fl fopcj fopcjflme flme hsh oemhc oemhce, e, vfl rh`jdjhlme cf rhspuh rhspuhstf(i stf(ihhmdf hhmdf`a) `a) mh ces fcuoles, quh mhoestrfræl quh hopjhzfl f oflhgfr cf sjtuf`jðl. Cchkfme hsth pulte, hc me`hlth mhdh jrsh –`errjhlme‟ krfmufcohlth mh cf pesj`jðl `hltrfc mh prevhhr teme, bf`jf cf mh shr sðce ul kuïf1 f pfrtjr mh hltel`hs, ces fcuoles sel ces quh fsuojræl cf rhspelsfdjcjmfm mh cf hgh`u`jðl mh cf tfrhf. Murf Murflt lthh hc ph phrj rjem emee mh cf pr præ` æ`tj` tj`ff kujf kujfmf mf,, tf tflt ltee me me`h `hlt lths hs `e `eoe oe fcuo fcuole less `e `eop opfr frth thll cf rhspelsfdjcjmfm mh –fprhlmhr‟ hc ofthrjfc. Hc edghtjve mh hsth pcfl hs quh ces fcuoles fc`fl`hl ulf oflhrf mh trfdfgfr y fprhlmhr jlmhphlmjhlth, `el ul me`hlth quh `hltrh su hlshöflzf hl hxpcj`jtfr ul oemhce. Cfs hstrfthk hstrfthkjfs jfs sukhrjm sukhrjmfs fs pfr pfrff hlshöf hlshöfrr f ces fcu fcuole oless f chh chhrr oæs hij`f hij`fzoh zohlth lth ul thx thxte te hxpesjtjve. Hstes `uftre thofs sh puhmhl hlshöfr utjcjzflme hc oemhce mh mhchkf`jðl mh rhspelsfdjcjmfm. Erkfljzf Erkf ljzfmerhs merhs hstru hstru`tur `turfchs7 fchs7 sjrvh pfrf jmhltjij`fr cf hstru`turf mh ul thxte hxpesjtjve7 `elsjsth hl khlhrfr ul kræij`e `el hspf`jes hl dcfl`e pfrf `eopchtfr `el cfs jmhfs prjl`jpfchs y sh`ulmfrjfs e mh –fpeye‟. Hc prepðsjte hs rhs`ftfrcfs pfrf ces fcuoles. Hs jopertflth rh`ermfr 7 Vuhh hc me`h Vu me`hlth lth mh mhdh dhrïf rïf hs`e hs`ekh khrr ces th thxt xtes es hs`e hs`ecf cfrh rhs, s, hgho hghopc pces es qu quhh rh rhicichgh hghl l fmh`ufmfohlth hc tjpe mh thxte `el ces quh ces fcuoles fcu oles vfl f trfdfgfr. Vuhh hses Vu hses hg hgho hopc pces es,, jlj` jlj`jf jfco cohl hlth th,, mh mhdh dhrï rïfl fl jl jl`c `cuj ujrr pærr pærrfi fies es qu quhh `e `elt lthl hlkf kfl l hxpcï`jtfohlth ulf erkfljzf`jðl hl melmh bfyf jmhfs prjl`jpfchs y sh`ulmfrjfs. Vuhh hc kr Vu kræi æij` j`ee erkf erkflj ljzf zfme merr hstr hstru` u`tu turf rfcc th thlm lmrï rïff qu quhh fd fdrj rjrs rshh pfrf pfrf jl jl`c `cuj ujrr ul ulf f ghrfrqujzf`jðl oæs mhtfccfmf mh cfs jmhfs. @eoe bhrrfojhltf pfrf hc fprhlmjzfgh, hc erkfljzfmer hstru`turfc phrojth quh ces me`hlths mhstfquhl cf erkfljzf`jðl mh ces pærrfies hxpesjtjves oæs `eoulhs.
Hsquhoff khl Hsquho khlhrf hrfc7 c7 hstf shkulmf hstrfthkjf iul`jelf tflte `el hc tjpe mh pærrfie flths ohl`jelfme `eoe `el hc quh le hstæ djhl hs`rjte lj tfl djhl erkfljzfme –hc hsquhof khlhrfc‟prevhh cf ichxjdjcjmfm lh`hsfrjf pfrf hste. Xlf ierof hstælmfr cf sjkujhlth7 J Jmhf prjl`jpfc. f) Jmhf Jmhf sh`u sh`ulm lmfr frjf jf.. d) Jmhf Jmhf sh`u sh`ulm lmfr frjf jf.. `) Jmhf Jmhf sh`u sh`ulm lmfr frjf jf.. m) Jmhf Jmhf sh`u sh`ulm lmfr frjf jf.. JJ Jmhf prjl`jpfc. f)Jmhf sh`ulmfrjf. d) Jmhf sh`ulmfrjf F pfrtjr mhc `ele`jojhlte fmqujrjme per ces fcuoles `el rhsph`te f ces erkfljzfmerhs hstru`turfchs, hc me`hlth puhmh oestrfr quh –hc hsquhof khlhrfc‟ hs, mh fckulf oflhrf, ulf vhrsjðl ohles hstru`turfmf mh fquhcces.
Thsuoh Thsu ohl l 7 Mhspuês mh meojlfr ces `el`hptes hxpuhstes, êstf hs cf thr`hrf hstrfthkjf jopertflth quh ces fcuoles mhdhrïfl pemhr oflhgfr. ^rjohre hc me`hlth thlmrïf quh chhr hc pærrfie hl vez fctf pfrf mhthrojlfr cf jmhf prjl`jpfc mhc ojsoe. ^hlsflme hl vez fctf, hc me`hlth jmhltjij`f ces mhtfcchs jopertflths y ces quh le ce sel. Cuhke hc me`hlth thlmrïf quh quh hlshöfr f ces ffcuoles cuoles `ðoe suprjojr cf jlierof`jðl f``hserjf y `ðoe jl`cujr cf prjl`jpfc prjl`jpfc hl hc rhsuo rhsuohl. hl. Ces me`hlth me`hlthss mhdhrïfl jl`cuj jl`cujrr krfmufco krfmufcohlth hlth pærrfie pærrfies s `fmf vhz oæs hxth `fmf hxthlse lses, s, hl sus hgh hghopc opces, es, if`j if`jcjtf cjtf cf hlshöf hlshöflzf lzf mh cf jmhlt jmhltjij` jij`f`j f`jðl ðl mh cf jlierof`jðl prjl`jpfc. Hc sjkujhlth pfse hs quh ces fcuoles trfdfghl mjrh`tfohlth `el hc thxte `el cf kuïf mhc me`hlth me`hlth y ijlfcohlth ijlfcohlth,, `eopchtf `eopchtfmf mf cf hlshöflz hlshöflzff , ces fcuoles thlm thlmræl ræl quh bf`hr sus prepjes rhs÷ohlhs hl ierof jlmhphlmjhlth. @uhstjelfrjes mh rutjlf7 ulf sukhrhl`jf pfrf quh hc fcuole puhmf ohgerfr cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc thxte hxpesjtjve, hxpesjtjve, sh shrïf rïf hlshöfr hlshöfrch ch f ierouc ieroucfr fr prhkultf prhkultfss sedrh hc `elthljme mhc thxte thxte.. Fc trfdfgfr trfdf gfr ces erkfljzfme erkfljzfmerhs rhs hstru` hstru`turfch turfchs, s, ces hsquhofs y ces pre`h pre`hmjojhlt mjojhltes es pfrf rhsuojr, ces me`hlths futeoætj`fohlth bfl utjcjzfme prhkultfs pfrf cekrfr quh sus fcuoles jmhltjijquhl cfs jmhfs prjl`jpfchs y sh`ulmfrjfs. Hstfs prhkultfs sel duhles oemhces pfrf shr utjcjzfmes per ces fcuoles, phre le hs `elvhljhlth hlshöfr hl ierof mjrh`tf cf ieroucf`jðl mh prhkultfs. Ph sukjhrh quh hc `uhstjelfrje mh rutjlf sh mjshöh hl dfsh f ces tïtuces y sudtïtuces, y shr hsph`jij`e hl quh pfrths mhc thxte dus`fr cfs rhspuhstfs. Thsuohl ijlfc7 Hsth `fpjtuce bf thljme `eoe edghtjve, prevhhr ulf mhijlj`jðl fopcjf mh thxte hxpesjtjve, flfcjzfr flfcjz fr ces rhsuctfmes mh cfs jlvhstjkf` jlvhstjkf`jelhs jelhs sedrh `ðoe ces ch`te ch`terhs rhs cchkf cchkfll f `eopr `eoprhlmhrce hlmhrces1 s1 prhshltfr ul sjsthof mh `cfsjij`f`jðl `cfsjij`f`jðl mh ces mjstjltes tjpes mh thxte hxpesjtjve, quh fyumfl fc fc me`hlth f `el`hptufr, cfs `frf`thrïstj`fs mh hstes thxtes `el ijlhs hmu`ftjves y mhs`rjdjr pre`hm pre `hmjojh jojhlte ltess mh hls hlshöf höflzf lzf hsp hsph`ï h`ïij`e ij`es. s. Cf mhi mhijlj` jlj`jðl jðl mh ces rfs rfskes kes jlie jlierof rof`je `jelfc lfchs, hs, hxpcj`ftjves, mjrh`tjves y lfrrftjves. Cf shkulmf pfrth sh `hltrð hl ces fperths mh cfs jlvhstjkf`jelhs sedrh hc ch`ter y hc thxte hxpesjtjve. Ces rhsuctfmes sel `cfres y mjrh`tes7 cf hstru`turf hs ulf mh cfs vfrjfdchs oæs jopertflths hl cfsh `eoprhlsjðl. Cf thr`hrf pfrth rhcf`jelf `el cf `cfsjij`f`jðl mh ces mjstjltes tjpes mh thxte hxpesjtjve. Ph utjcjzð cf tfxeleoïf mh @fcihh y @urchy (6:2=), per shr ul sjsthof fopcje y fpte pfrf mhs`rjdjrcf mjvhrsjmfm y `eopchgjmfm mh cf hxpesj`jðl. Ijlfcohlth, sh mhs`rjdjð hc pcfl mh hlshöflzf mh krfmufc mhchkf`jðl mh cf rhspelsfdjcjmfm y sh flfcjzfrel hstrfthkjfs quh fyumfl f ces fcuoles f shr ohgerhs ch`terhs mh thxtes hxpesjtjves. HC HL]ETLE Z HC OFHP]TE HL MJYHTPFP ^HTP^H@]JYFP MH CF FCIFDH]JWF@JÐ FCIFDH]JWF@JÐL L JLJ@JFC. D. Drfscfvsay TH@EOHLMF@JELHP7
F÷l flths mh quh shpfl chhr, preouhvf hl ces fcuoles hc bædjte mh hxpcerfr, hl ierof jlmhphlmjhlth, thxtes quh shfl mh su jlthrês. Jlvïthces f ieroucfr bjpðthsjs f`hr`f mh ce quh hstæ hs`rjte. ^reo ^reouhv uhvff cf ch ch`t `turf urf mh th thxt xtes es le cjt cjthr hrfr frje jess (jl (jlst stru` ru`tjv tjves es,, ie ieccccht htes es,, pu pudc dcj` j`jm jmfm fm,, ht`.)jlthkrfmes fc mhsfrrecce mh ces preyh`tes mhc fucf. @eoe me`hlth, `elijê hl sus fcuoles y hl usthm ojsoe pfrf cekrfr ces prjohres fprhlmjzfghs mh cf ch`turf y cf hs`rjturf f pfrtjr mh ces thxtes `eopchtes. Th`uhrmh quh chhr hs `eoprhlmhr. Hvjth hc oh`fljsoe mhc mhchtrhe per quh mjij`uctf cf `eoprhlsjðl.
Hc rec mhc ofhstre hl hc `elmu`tjsoe y hl cf therïf se`je- bjstðrj`e- `ucturfc. Cf futerf flfcjzf fckules `el`hptes mh Yjketsay. –Hl temfs cfs êpe`fs‟, –temf hmu`f`jðl bf sjme sjhoprh cf iul`jðl mhc rêkjohl se`jfc‟ Yjketsay. Mh hsth `el`hpte sh mhsprhlmh cf jopertfl`jf mhc me`hlth `eoe oeter iulmfohltfc mhc ohmje hmu`ftjve. Hc `elmu`tjsoe, sh rh`ele`h `eoe ul oh`fljsoe dæsj`e mhc `eopertfojhlte cf rhf``jðl fc ohmje, yf le sh puhmh trftfr fc fcuole `eoe ul rh`jpjhlth vf`jð quh hc me`hlth mhdh cchlfr. Hl hsth `fse pfrh`hrïf quh cf hmu`f`jðl iuhrf sðce ul pre`hse mh fmfptf`jðl fc ohmje y mh f`uoucf`jðl y hcfderf`jðl mh rhichges `elmj`jelfmes mhc ohmje. ]hljhlme hl `uhltf cf `eopchgjmfm mhc `eopertfojhlte buofle, hc pre`hse hmu`ftjve mhdh prhshltfrsh `eoe ulf frmuf cu`bf hl hc jlthrjer mh cf phrself y hl cf quh hc me`hlth tjhlh ul pfphc jopertflth. Hstf jmhf hodrjelfrjf sh fltj`jpð f su `el`hp`jðl mh cf Welf mh mhsfrrecce prðxjoe(WM^) quh mhsfrreccð Yjketsay fc ijlfc mh su `ertf vjmf. Hsth `el`hpte suhch hstfr f`eopföfme per rhmu``jeljsoe quh sh cjojtf fc hghr`j`je mh fyumf hl hc mhshophöe. Mhltre mh ulf `el`hp`jðl quh rh`bfzf cf uljvhrsfcjmfm mh ul ljöe quh sh mhshlvuh mhshlvuhcvh cvh hl ul ohmje vf`ïe mh `ucturf y fc ofrkhl mh cfs rhcf`jelhs se`jfchs, cf WM^ tjhlh `eoe rfskes hshl`jfchs, hltrh etres7 J) hc `eltrfsth hltrh hc fprhlmjzfgh mh ul ljöe sece, `el hc rhlmjojhlte mh ul ljöe quh rhfcjzf ulf f`tjvjmfm `eopfrtjmf (`el ul fmucte e `el ul ljöe oæs fmhcfltfme)1 4) cf f`tjvjmfm mhc ofhstre phlsfmf pfrf drjlmfrch ul flmfojfgh quh ch fyumh bfstf quh sh fprepjh mhc `ele`jojhlte mh oflhrf `els`jhlth y futerrhkucfmf1 0)su fpcj`f`jðl hl cf hs`uhcf, hl cf ierof`jðl mhc ofhstre y hl temes ces æodjtes mh cf vjmf se`jfc. Cf WM^, sïlthsjs mh ces `el`hptes hmu`f`jelfchs mh Yjketsay, Yj ketsay, hs ul `el`hpte mh `elhxjðl mh ces hchohltes `cfvhs mh cf therïf quh `elsjmhrf jlmjvjsjdchs fc jlmjvjmue jl mjvjmue y cf se`jhmfm. Hc ohmje y hc ofhstre hl trhs phrsph`tjvfs mh cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl jlj`jfc. Ph flfcjzfl flfcjzfl trhs phrsph` phrsph`tjvfs tjvfs f`tu f`tufchs fchs hl cf hlshöflz hlshöflzff y hl cf jlvhstjk jlvhstjkf`jðl f`jðl mh cf ch`turf y hs`rjturf jlj`jfc7 6. cfs ttherïfs herïfs `ekljt `ekljtjvfs jvfs mmhc hc –p –pre`hsf re`hsfojhlte ojhlte mh cf jliero jlierof`jðl‟ f`jðl‟.. 4. cf cfss –lf –lftu turf rfc/ c/ pj pjfk fkht htjf jflf lfs‟ s‟.. 0. cfs ––se`je` se`je`elstru` elstru`tjvjst tjvjstf‟ f‟ quh rrhspelm hspelmhh f ces prjl`j prjl`jpjes pjes dæ dæsj`es sj`es mmhh Yjket Yjketsay say Mhsmh cf phrsph`tjvf –lfturfc/ pjfkhtjflfs‟, hl cf `ufc sh jl`cuyh [bech Chlkufgh (chlkufgh tetfc), hs iulmfohltfc hc hlterle mh hs`rjturf, `el ofthrjfchs mjvhrses y cjdres melmh hc fprh fprhlm lmjz jzfg fghh hs –lft –lftur urfc fc‟‟ perq perquh uh hc ljö ljöee hs qujh qujhll `e `elst lstru ruyh yh hc `e `ele` le`jo jojhl jhlte te se sece, ce, sjl sjl
jlthrvhl`jðl mh etrfs phrselfs. Hc ofhstre tjhlh ul rec if`jcjtfmer fc prepj`jfr hc hlterle pfrf cf hxpcerf`jðl per pfrth mh ces fcuoles. Hl cf phrsph phrsph`tjvf `tjvf –se`je`e –se`je`elstru`t lstru`tjvjstf jvjstf‟, ‟, shk÷l hstes futerhs hc hlterl hlterlee mh hs`rjturf tjhlh cfs ojsofs `frf`thrïstj`fs, y cf mjihrhl`jf rhsjmjrïf hshl`jfcohlth hl cf rhcf`jðl mjfcðkj`f mhc ofhstre `el ces fcuoles. Cf hlshöflzf hs oæs mjrh`tjvf quh hl hc –wbech cflkufkh‟ y ohles quh hl hc –pre`hsfo –pre`hsfojhlte jhlte mh cf jlierof`j jlierof`jðl‟. ðl‟. Hcces `elsjmhrfl quh hs ul oeme mh jlstru``jð jlstru``jðl l fodjhltfc `frf`thrjzfme per `cfres edghtjves hsph`ïij`es. Hl `uflte fc rec mhc fcuole, hl hc prjohr `fse hs hshl`jfcohlth pfsjve f cf rh`hp`jðl mhc `ele`jojhlte, hl hc shkulme hs hshl`jfcohlth f`tjve hl cf `elstru``jðl mhc `ele`jojhlte y hl hc thr`hre thr`hre tflte hc fcuol fcuolee `eoe hc me` me`hlt hlthh sel f`t f`tjve jvess hl cf `elst `elstru` ru``jð `jðll `el `elgult gultff mhc `ele`jojhlte. Cfs `eltrfmj``jelhs phlmjhlths. Thsuctf mjiï`jc hxpcj`fr `eoe f`t÷f hl hc hlterle mhc ljöe quh mhdh fprhlmhr sece, yf shf perquh cf jlthrvhl`jðl mhc fmucte puhmh jlthrihrjr hl hc mhsfrrecce mh sus bjpðthsjs jlthrlfs , yf shf quh le sh puhmh `efrtfr ul fprhlmjzfgh quh sh fmqujhrh hspeltælhfohlth hl ul ohmje chtrfme mhc ojsoe oeme quh sh fmqujhrh hc bfdcf hl ul ohmje erfcjzfme. Ph bf epjlfme sjl ofyerhs hxpcj`f`jelhs quh cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl jlj`jfc mhdh phlsfrsh –hl têrojles mh sjtuf`jelhs mh fcifdhtjzf`jðl, y le hl têrojles mh oêtemes mh hlshöflzf‟. @eoe bf e`urrjme trfmj`jelfcohlth (Ihrrhjre, 6::>). Thsuoh Ths uohl7 l7 hl hc rhte mhc frtj`u frtj`uce ce , `el `jtf mh `el`hp `el`hptes tes mh vfr vfrjes jes futerhs futerhs,, `elt `eltjluf jluf sjl mjrjojrsh cf hthrlf `eltrfmj``jðl hmu`f`jðl `eoe jlstru``jðl / hmu`f`jðl `eoe pre`hse quh mhdh shr kujfme per hc me`hlth. Fprhlmjzfghs hspeltælhes hspeltælhes y fprhlmjzfghs hs`ecfrhs. hs`ecfrhs. Hstfs mes `errjhlth rhpfrfl hl hc fodjhlth mh cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl y bfl ccfofme cf fthl`jðl sedrh ces `ele`jojhltes mh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf quh hc ljöe fmqujhrh se`jfcohlth, flths mh cchkfr f cf hs`uhcf y iuhrf mh hccf. Cfs jlvhstjkf`jelhs rhfcjzfmfs sedrh cf –fcifdhtjzf`jðl hohrkhlth‟ bfl `errederfme hstf bjpðthsjs, cf rhspelsfdjcjmfm mh cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl le hs sðce mh cf hs`uhcf sjle tfodjêl mh cf ifojcjf y cf se`jhmfm. Hc krfl thof mhc trælsjte mh ces fprhlmjzfghs hspeltælhes f ces hs`ecfrhs, bf preoevjme cf jlvhstjkf`j jlvhst jkf`jðl ðl , jlspjrfmf hl ces `el`hptes mh Yyketsay, sedrh cf `eodjl `eodjlf`jðl f`jðl mh ces `elthxtes se`jfchs hl ulf sjlkucfr rhcf`jðl hltrh cf –phmfkekïf mh ces bekfrhs‟ y cf –phmfkekïf mhc fucf‟. Cfs `frf`thrïstj`fs hsph`jij`fs mhc oj`reohmje hs`ecfr. Le hs `el`hdjdch ul ljöe frquhtïpj`e, per quê mhdhrïf mh shrce hc ohmje hl hc quh sh mhsfrreccf su fcifdhtjzf`jðl, êsth mhdh prhshltfr `elthxtes `ucturfchs y se`jfchs mjvhrses, quh fmqujhrhl `frf`thrïstj`fs hsph`jij`fs hl mhthrojlfmfs sjtuf`jelhs. ^er etrf pfrth hc prepje mhsfrrecce jlthrle mh cf hs`uhcf bf mfme cukfr f mhierof`jelhs mhc –oj`reohmje‟ `el ces vj`jes quh `frf`thrjzfl f cf –`ucturf mh cf hs`uhcf‟ mhs`rjte hl `ele`jmes hstumjes `el oêtemes htlekræij`es. Hsth pflerfof edcjkf f jltremu`jr `fodjes quh le sðce sh cjojtfl fc hlterle mh fcifdhtjzf`jðl . Hc –fodjhlth mh ch`turf‟ hs jlmjsphlsfdch, sedrh teme hl cfs pedcf`jelhs ofrkjlfchs e rurfchs. Hs jopertflth `rhfr sjtuf`jelhs rhfchs mh `eoulj`f`jðl, fsï `eoe ul `cjof mh `elijflzf y `rhmjdjcjmfm hl hc fprhlmjzfgh.
Hc fprhlmjzfgh `els`jhlth y hc rec mhc ofhstre. Hc vhrmfmhre `ele`jojhlte sðce sh cekrf f trfvês mh cf teof mh `el`jhl`jf mhc ojsof y mh su `eltrec vecultfrje. Drulhr erjkjlf hc `el`hpte mh –flmfojfgh‟ ohmjflth hc `ufc hc fmucte hopjhzf su f``jðl hmu`ftjvf ulf –`el`jhl`jf pfrf mes‟, ojhltrfs hc fcuole`els`jhlth. sh mhsprhlmh pe`e f pe`e mh hsh prêstfoe, `el sh jlmhphlmjzf y fmqujhrh su prepje `ele`jojhlte Cf WM^, pelh mh ofljijhste cf jlthrvhl`jðl mhc ofhstre hl hc pre`hse ojsoe mhc mhsfrrecce. Mj`h Oecc (6::=)‟cf `elstru``jðl mh cf WM^ les rh`uhrmf quh le bfy lfmf –lfturfc‟ hl ces æodj æo djte tess hmu` hmu`ft ftjv jves es (t (tfc fchs hs `e `eoe oe ces ces fk fkrup rupfo fojh jhlte ltess pe perr `fpf `fpf`jm `jmfm fm y et etrf rfss ie iero rofs fs mh hstrftjij`f`jðl )hstes æodjtes sel `rhf`jelhs se`jfchs y sh ces puhmh `fodjfr se`jfcohlth. FCKXLFP ^FX]FP ^FTF CF JLJ@JF@JÐL MH CF CH@]XTF Z CF HP@TJ]XTF HL XLF ]HLMHL@JF PE@JE @ELP]TX@]JYF @ELP]TX@]JYF.. Dhrtf Drfscfvsay 6. @elt @elthxtu hxtufcjzf fcjzf`jðl `jðl m mhh cf hs`u hs`uhcf hcf y mh mhcc fucf hhl l hc hlte hlterle rle se` se`jfc. jfc. ]hlkf hl `uhltf hc hlterle se`jfc y `ucturfc fc quh phrthlh`hl ces fcuoles mh cf hs`uhcf y rhsphth fc mjvhrsjmfm. Khlhrh ulf ftoðsihrf mh jlthr`fodje y mh `ecfderf`jðl pfrf cf `elstru``jðl se`jfc mhc `ele`jojhlte. ^reouhvf cfs `elmj`jelhs pfrf cf præ`tj`f `etjmjflf mhc chlkufgh bfdcfme y hs`rjte. Hstjouch fmhoæs quh sus fcuoles sh hxprhshl `el etres chlkufghs f trfvês mh guhkes, mrfoftjzf`jelhs, mjduges ht`. Gulte `el ces ljöes `elstruyf ul fodjhlth quh mhspjhrth cf lh`hsjmfm mh utjcjzfr cf ch`turf y cf hs`rjturf (fkhlmf, `frthchrfs, ht` y ouy hsph`jfcohlth cf djdcjeth`f mhc fucf.). Hstf Hstfdc dchz hz`f `f ulf ulf rhcf rhcf`j `jðl ðl icuj icujmf mf `e `ell cf ifoj ifojcjcjf. f. ^ïmf ^ïmfch chss qu quhh ch chss ch chfl fl,, hsph`jfcohlth `uhltes, y quh chs phrojtfl rhcf`jelfrsh `el hc ofthrjfc hs`rjte.
4. @elstru``jðl se`jfc mhc `ele`jojhlte. Thsphth ces `ele`jojhltes quh ces fcuoles trfhl f cf hs`uhcf y eirêz`fchs su fyumf pfrf quh `elstruyfl luhves `ele`jojhltes sedrh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf. Fprevh`bh cfs mjihrhl`jfs mh `ele`jojhltes quh tjhlhl ces fcuoles pfrf quh ces oæs fvhltfgfmes fyumhl f sus `eopföhres. ]hlkf hl `uhltf quh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf hs ulf f`tjvjmfm `ucturfc `eopchgf, hl cf quh jlthrvjhlhl pre`hses ouy mjvhrses7 phr`hptjves, vjsufchs, ielecðkj`es, oeriesjltæ`tj`es, suphmjtfmes temes f cf `elstru``jðl mh ces shltjmes mhc thxte.
0. Cf hlshöflzf mjs`ursjvf. Mhsmh hc `eojhlze hlshöh f chhr y hs`rjdjr thxtes. Ouêstrhsh flth ces fcuoles chyhlme y hs`rjdjhlme pfrf rhsecvhr sjtuf`jelhs (dus`fr ul thcêiele hl cf kuïf, fkhlmfr ulf rhuljðl ht`.)
@uflme temfvïf le puhmhl chhr per sj seces, cêfchs Xm. ^rhihrhlthohlth `uhltes, sjkujhlme cfs sjkujhlths hstrfthkjfs7 Flths mh cf ch`turf7 rhf`tjvh ces `ele`jojhltes quh ces ljöes yf tjhlhl sedrh hc `elthljme mhc `uhlte e hc futer. Mê f `ele`h `ele`hrr ces prepð prepðsjtes sjtes mh cf ch`tur ch`turff y phrojt phrojtff quh ces fcuoles khlhrhl fltj`jpf`jelhs y hxph`tftjvfs f`hr`f mh cf bjsterjf. Murflth mh cf ch`turf7 phrojth quh ces ljöes edshrvhl hc thxte y cfs joækhlhs y bfkfl prhkultfs, `eohltfrjes y hstfdchz`fl rhcf`jelhs `el sus prepjfs vjmfs. Hstjouch cf pfrtj`jpf`jðl mh ces ljöes ohmjflth prhkultfs f`hr`f mhc `elthljme jopcï`jte y hxpcj`jte. Hstjouch cf jlthkrf`jðl mh cfs mjstjltfs sh`uhl`jfs mhc rhcfte hl ul teme `ebhrhlth. Mhspuês mh cf ch`turf7 pïmfch pïm fchss quh rh`els rh`elstru truyfl yfl cf bjs bjster terjf jf chï chïmf mf y hxp hxprhs rhshl hl ces `el `elthl thljme jmess hl mjihrhlths chlkufghs (`ðmjkes, mrfoftjzf`jelhs, rhprhshltf`jelhs `el tïthrhs).
*Xtjcjcj``h hstrf rftthkjfs sjojcjcffrhs pfrf cf ch ch``turf mh thxtes jl jliieroftjv jvees e pfrf fprhlmhr(hl`j`cephmjfs, oflufchs ht`.) `uflme temfvïf le sfdhl hs`rjdjr `el shltjme hl ierof futðleof, Xm. Hs`rjdf ce quh ces ljöes mj`hl. hstjouch f ces ljöes f quh rhcfthl sus vjvhl`jfs, Xm. Hs`rïdfcfs hl ul fij`bh, quh phroflh`hræ hl hc fucf. - Fprevh`bh mjihrhlths sjtuf`jelhs pfrf quh ces ljöes ch mj`thl thxtes `el mjstjltes prepðsjtes 2letj`jfs, jlvjtf`jelhs ht`.). Cuhke mh quh Xm. rhkjstrh hc thxte premu`jme per ces ljöes, pïmfchs quh ce chfl, f `ere e jlmjvjmufcohlth. Jl`ïthces f quh hs`rjdfl `eoe –hcces sfdhl‟. Thsphth Thsph th cfs krfiïfs quh rhfcjz rhfcjzfl, fl, pïmfchs quh rhcfth rhcfthll sus vjvhl`jf vjvhl`jfs, s, `eoe puhmhl sfdhl y
f`êpthcfs tfc `eoe sel, thljhlme hl `uhltf quh sel cfs prjohrfs premu``jelhs. @uflme ces ljöes ch mj`thl, pïmfchs quh ce bfkfl chltfohlth y Xm. Hs`rjdf mh cf ojsof oflhrf, sjl phrmhr cf `ebhrhl`jf mhc thxte, Xm. Ch hstfræ mhoestrflme lfturfcohlth `ðoe sh rhcf`jelf hc thxte hs`rjte `el hc erfc y oæs hsph`ïij`fohlth, ces krfihofs y ces ielhofs. Fprevh`bh hstfs epertuljmfmhs pfrf trfdfgfr hc thxte y `elthstfr cfs prhkultfs mh ces ljöes. Flfcj`h phrjðmj`fohlth ces thxtes hs`rjtes per ces ljöes –`eoe hcces sfdhl‟, y edshrvfr `eoe prekrhsjvfohlth hopjhzfl hopjhzfl f usfr cfs chtrfs `elvhl`jelfchs ppfrf frf premu`jr thxtes quh sh bf`hl chkjdchs pfrf hc rh`hpter.
MJMÆ@]J@F MH CFP @JHL@JF CHLKXFGH. Krf`jhcf Fcjshme, Pfrf Ohckfr,MHC @rjstjlf @bje``j
@fpïtuce YJJJ. Cf ch`turf hl vez fctf Hl hsth frtj`uce sh hxpcerf etrfs pesjdjcjmfmhs mh `el`hptufcjzf`jðl mh cf ch`turf hl vez fctf `eoe præ`tj`f `eoulj`f`jelfc. Dhtthcbhjo , 6:20, pcflthf cf ch`turf `eoe ulf oh`ælj`f jrrhchvflth, yf quh ul ljöe puhmh cchhr hhr `errh`tfohlth hl vez fctf, sjl quh per hcce mhgh mh shltjrcf `eoe ulf hxphrjhl`jf vf`ïf. Hl cf hs`uhcf, cf ch`turf hl vez fctf pfrh`h thlhr ulf ohtf prh`jsf y hx`cuyhlth7 hc mhs`jirfme mhc thxte, hstf prf`tj`f sh `eopchohltf `el ulf f`tjvjmfm mh hs`rjturf pfrfchcf y hqujvfchlth, hc mj`tfme, mj`tfme, qu quhh fpultf f su vhz f rh rh`jirfr `jirfr cfs ojs ojsofs ofs `e `errhspe rrhspelmhl`jf lmhl`jfs. s. Ph ed edshrvf shrvf qquh uh lj ljlk lkulf ulf mh hstf hstfss pr præ` æ`tj` tj`fs fs oh`æ oh`ælj` lj`fs fs,, mh mhs` s`jijirf rfme me y mj mj`t `tfm fme, e, su supe pelh lh hl sï ojso ojsoff ul ulf f rh`uphrf`jðl mh ces shltjmes thxtufchs. Mhsmh hc pulte mh vjstf shoæltj`e, hstfs præ`tj`fs sel jkufcohlth jlephrflths. ^er etrf pfrth, bfy quh thlhr hl `uhltf quh `uflme hc fcuole ohoerjzf ul thxte pfrf hxpelhrce, sh trflsierof hl rhpremu``jðl , hc thxte mhs`rjifme f trfvês mh ulf prhshrvf`jðl, quh puhmh jlthrprhtfrsh `eoe rhsfdje mh cf erfcjmfm ccfofmf prjofrjf( Elk, 6:2;) quh `frf`thrjzf cf trfmj`jðl erfc mh ces puhdces sjl hs`rjturf. Cchkf hc oeohlte hl quh cf hs`uhcf pcflthf cf predchoætj`f mh cf `eoprhsjðl mhc thxte perquh fmvjhrth quh cf erfcjzf`jðl, lfmf bf cekrfme hl hsh shltjme. @eojhlzf hltel`hs cf ch`turf sjchl`jesf, kfrfltïf mh cf `eoprhlsjðl mh cf ch`turf. Fsï `eoe cf ch`turf hl vez fctf tjhlh su `errhcfte hl hc mj`tfme , yf quh fodes prepelhl hc hltrhlfojhlte hl cfs `errhspelmhl`jfs ie iele lekr kræi æij` j`fs fs,, cf ch ch`t `tur urff sj sjch chl` l`je jesf sf,, pre` pre`hs hsee rh`u rh`uph phrf rfme merr mh ce cess sh shlt ltjm jmes es,, tjtjhl hlhh `e `eoe oe `eltrfpfrtjmf cf hs`rjturf hl tflte premu``jðl mh shltjmes. Cf hs`rjturf `elcchvf cf `eoulj`f`jðl se`jfc. Bf Bfyy ul ch`ter jopcï`jte hl hc thxte. Hl `fodje le sh chh sjchl`jesfohlth pfr etre . hxjsth ul mhshqujcjdrje hltrh fodfs præ`tj`fs7 cf hs`rjturf cchvf hl sï ojsof ul pemhr `eoulj`ftjve y ul vfcer se`jfc mhc quh `frh`h cf ch`turf sjchl`jesf. Cf fprepjf`jðl mhc hstælmfr erfc7 ul predchof. Cf fmqujsj`jðl mh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf hs ul pre`hse bf`jf cf peshsjðl mh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf hstælmfr. Chlkuf hs`rjtf hstælmfr7 hs hc `elgulte mh rhkcfs mh `elstru``jðl mh sjltfkofs, kræij`es hstfdch`jmes per hc ohmje se`jfc y dæsj`fohlth jlfoevjdch. Xlf iuhrth `elvhl`jðl se`je`ucturfc, ijgf cf beoekhlhjmfm ertekræij`f, oeriecðkj`f y sjltæ`tj`f mh ces sjltfkofs. Le bfy vfrjhmfmhs mh chlkufs kræij`fs quh shfl utjcjzfmfs per krupes se`jfchs ojlerjtfrjes, `eoe su`hmh `el cfs vfrjhmfmhs erfchs, y per ce tflte, sh puhmh fijrofr quh `uflme les rhihrjoes f cf chlkuf hs`rjtf, sjhoprh hs hstælmfr. Cf vfrjhmfm erfc, tfodjêl tjhlh su chlkuf hstælmfr, quh hs cf quh sh puhmh hs`u`bfr hl ces ohmjes ofsjves mh `eoulj`f`jðl (fquï –Thkjstre‟ sjkljij`f hc `elgulte mh ofr`fs cêxj`fs, oeriesjltæ`tj`fs y shoæltj`fs mhthrojlfmfs per ce quh ul jlmjvjmue hstæ bf`jhlme‟ per cf lfturfchzf mh cf f`tjvjmfm se`jfc hl `urse‟(Bfccjmfy, 6:;2). Cf fmqujsj`jðl mh cf chlkuf erfc y hs`rjtf hstælmfr, `elstjtuyh ul predchof `hltrfc pfrf cf mjmæ`tj`f mh cf chlkuf, phre hl ces bh`bes su trftfojhlte ohtemecðkj`e hs mhspfrhge. ^er hghopce, hl hc `fse mh cf fprepjf`jðl mhc hstælmfr erfc sh pcflthfl edghtjves fopcjes, tfchs `eoe sfdhr bfdcfr `el icujmhz y prepjhmfm y le pfrh`h bfdhr ofr`es thðrj`es quh susthlth ohtemecekïfs hsph`jij`fs.
Hc hstælmfr erfc quh oflhgfl khlhrfcohlth ces fmuctes fmech`h mh ulf rhihrhl`jf mjrh`tf fc hs`rjte jlohmjfte quh mhdhl rhpremu`jr7 hs ulf erfcjmfm pfrfsjtfrjf, le mjkhrjmf, le `elstrujmf, le hchkjmf. Hxjsth cf pesjdjcjmfm mh rhvhrtjr hc pre`hse. Hl prjohr têrojle bfdrïf quh pfrtjr mh cf ch`turf sjchl`jesf y `eoprhlsjvf, y hc shkulme `elsjstjrïf hl cekrfr quh cf erfcjzf`jðl le shf oh`ælj`f lj futeoætj`f. Hsth pre`hse le hs iæ`jc, f vh`hs sh vuhcvh jlfc`flzfdch. ‟erfcjzf`j ‟erfc jzf`jðl ðl sh`ulm sh`ulmfrjf‟ frjf‟(Elk, (Elk, 6:2;) sh trftfrïf mh chhr hl vez fctf hl ul pre`hse quh supel supelh h bfdhr pfsfme prhvjfohlth per cf jltresph``jðl mh ce hs`rjte. Fsï cf ch`turf hl vez fctf pemrïf `elvhrtjrsh hl ul `ðmjke `eopchohltfrje mhc hstælmfr erfc `uflme êsth le `elstjtuyh ul pftrjoelje jlmjvjmufc. Cf fcthrlftjvf mh cf ch`turf hl vez fctf `eoe præ`tj`f `eoulj`ftjvf `el vfcer se`jfc. Cf erfcjzf`jðl erfcjzf`jðl sh`ulm sh`ulmfrje frje supelh cf fprep fprepjf`jð jf`jðll mh ul thxte per pfr pfrth th mh ul ch`ter, quh ce pelh fc shrvj`je mh su prepje preyh`te `eoulj`ftjve. ^frf quh cf fprepjf`jðl sh `uopcf sh jopelh ulf ch`turf sjchl`jesf prhvjf y ulf `eoprhlsjðl f`fdfmf. Ces hchohltes quh hltrfl hl guhke hl hsth pre`hs pre`hse, e, hs hl prjohr cukf cukfr, r, f qujhl e f qujhlh qujhlhs s sh ces `elsjmhrð edghte mhc preyh`te `eoulj`ftjve, f qujhlhs sh qujhrh shmu`jr, jlicuhl`jfr, meojlfr ht`. Hl hsth `fse cf ch`turf hl vez fctf sh trflsierof hl ul ohmje, hl ulf bhrrfojhltf, pfrf `eoulj`frsh hih`tjvfohlth `el fckujhl. Cfs vhltfgfs sel quh f trfvês mh hstf tê`lj`f sh puhmhl suphrfr cfs prepjfs cjojtf`jelhs, e ce suoe hs`umfrsh hl cf futerjmfm, hc prhstjkje e cf dhcchzf mh cfs pfcfdrfs pfcfdrfs mh etre, ful ppfrf frf `elvhrtjrce hl `eltrfohlsfgh. Cf ch`turf hl vez fctf7 ul `fpjtfc cjlkóïstj`e. Hc –trfdfge‟ quh bf`h hc ch`ter `fpfz mh ulf erfcjz erfcjzf`jðl f`jðl sh`ulmf sh`ulmfrjf rjf rh`cfof etre –trfd –trfdfge‟ fge‟ per pfrth mhc p÷dcj`e7 f`hptfr cfs rhkcfs mhc guhke y rh`uphrfr ces shltjmes quh cf erfcjzf`jðl sh`ulmfrjf mhc ch`ter prepelkf pfrf hc thxte. Hstf rh`uphrf`jðl mh shltjmes prepuhstf per hc ch`ter jlj`jf f su vhz ul pre`hse quh ch phrojth fc rh`hpter cchkfr hvhltufcohlth fc thxte mh dfsh. Pj `eopfrth cf prepuhstf erfcjzf`jðl sh`ulmfrjf mhc quh chh, throjlf fquï hc pre`hse, hl `fse `eltrfrje sh mf cf mjvhrkhl`jf. ^remu``jðl phmfkðkj`f mh luhstrf prepuhstf. Vuê puhmh bf`hr cf hs`uhcf pfrf fshkurfr `eophthl`jfs vjl`ucfmfs fc hstælmfr erfc y bhoes vjste quh, hl cf ohmjmf quh cf hs`uhcf hs ul æodjte se`jfc quh prepelh ul thftre mh jlthrf``jelh jlthrf ``jelhss , eirh`h cfs `elmj`jelhs `elmj`jelhs jlj`jfc jlj`jfchs hs pfrf cf præ`t præ`tj`f j`f mh cf erfcjz erfcjzf`jðl f`jðl sh`ulm sh`ulmfrjf, frjf, præ`tj`f quh ch phrojtjræ fc bfdcflth cf hvfcuf`jðl mh ces preyh`tes `eoulj`ftjves mh ces etres bfdcflths, fsï `eoe cf khstf`jðl mh ces prepjes. Cf f`tjvjmfm mh erfcjzf`jðl sh`ulmfrjf, `eoe edghtjve mh cf ch`turf hl vez fctf sjrvh pfrf ul preyh`te hs`ecfrohlth jlthkrfdch hl hc ærhf mh Chlkuf y se`jfcohlth phrtjlhlth.
CF HP@XHCF Z CEP ]HR]EP. F. O. Afuiofl y O. H. Temrïkuhz
4. @FTF@]HTJWF@JÐL CJLKÓÏP]J@F MH CEP ]HR]EP HP@EKJMEP Phch``jðl mh rfskes mjstjltjves mh `fmf ule mh ces thxtes. Hstes rfskes `errhspelmhl tflte f fsph`tes of`re y /e suphrhstru`turfchs hstumjfmes per cf krfoætj`f thxtufc, `eoe f hchohltes ce`fchs e oj`rehstru`turfchs, mhs`rjptes per cf krfoætj`f erf`jelfc. ]HR]EP CJ]HTFTJEP ^rjvjchkjfl hc ohlsfgh per hc ohlsfgh ojsoe. Hl hcces jlthrhsf prjoermjfcohlth `ðoe sh `eodjlfl ces mjstjltes hchohltes mh cf chlkuf mh f`uhrme `el `ælelhs hstêtj`es pfrf mfr ulf joprhsjðl mh dhcchzf. Hc hs`rjter sh mhtjhlh hl cf hs`rjturf ojsof. Ces thxtes cjthrfrjes sel epf`es, le hxpcï`jtes, `el ou`bes vf`ïes e hspf`jes hl dcfl`e, jlmhthrojlfmes. Hs tfrhf mhc ch`ter, uljr, `eopchtfr, `fptfr hc shltjme y cfs `esfs le mj`bfs. Hc –rhphrterje‟ –rhphrterje‟ mh ces thxtes cjthrfr cjthrfrjes, jes, jlvecu`rf rhfcjmfmh rhfcjmfmhss hxtrf hxtrfthxtuf thxtufchs chs (cukfr (cukfr,, tjhope ht`.) ^frff `eo ^fr `eoprh prhlmhr lmhr hst hstes es thx thxtes tes hs lh` lh`hsf hsfrje rje mhs mhshlt hltrfö rföfr fr cfs o÷c o÷ctjp tjpchs chs phr phrsph sph`tj `tjvfs vfs y ces o÷ctjpchs ljvhchs mh fse`jf`jðl quh hc thxte eirh`h. Hc `uhlte. Hs ul rhcfte hl presf mh bh`bes ij`tj`jes. @elstf mh trhs oeohltes `cfrfohlth mjihrhl`jfmes7 @eojhlze7 prhshltf hc hqujcjdrje jlj`jfc, jltremu`h phrselfghs. @elicj`te7 jlthrvhl`jðl mh ulf iuhrzf quh mhshstfdjcjzf y mf cukfr f ulf shrjh mh hpjsemjes. Thsecu`jðl7 rh`uphrf`jðl mhc hqujcjdrje jlj`jfc. ]eme `uhlte tjhlh f``jelhs `hltrfchs, l÷`ches lfrrftjves quh sh mhsfrreccfl mh ulf oflhrf `fusfc. Hltrh hcces fpfrh`hl ces hchohltes sh`ulmfrjes e `ftfcïtj`es, `uyf iul`jðl hs oflthlhr hc susphlse. Ph fphcfl fphcfl f cfs mhs`rjp`jelhs y ul rh`urse irh`uhlth hs cf jltremu``jðl mhc mjfceke mh ces phrselfghs, rhsphtflme cfs ofr`fs kræij`fs. Ces lhxes thoperfchs sel ce quh phrojthl `e `ele le`h `h sj hc fute futerr of oflt ltjhl jhlhh cf cïcïlhf lhf th thop oper erfc fc e ut utjcj jcjzf zf cfs cfs ru rupt pturf urfss tho thope perf rfchs chs hl cf prhshltf`jðl mh ces bh`bes. ^er ce khlhrfc cf thoperfcjmfm hs mjiusf –bfdïf ulf vhz...‟ –êrfsh ulf vhz..‟ y sh mhofr`f hl hc pærrfie jlj`jfc. Ces tjhopes vhrdfchs guhkfl ul rec jopertflth hl cf `elstru``jðl h jlthrprhtf`jðl mh ces `uhlte `uh ltes(p s(prhtê rhtêrjt rjtes es phr phrih` ih`tes tes y phr phrih` ih`tes tes sjo sjopch pchss hl cf lfr lfrrf` rf`jðl jðl11 prh prhshl shlth th hl mjæ mjæcek cekes es y mhs`rjp`jelhs1 hc jophrih`te pfrf cfs f``jelhs hl prekrhse.). Hc lfrrfmer hs ulf ijkurf `rhfmf per hc futer y puhmh shr ul phrselfgh, ul thstjke (rhcfte hl prjohrf phrself), eoljs`jhlth (thr`hrf phrself). Cf hch``jðl mhc tjpe mh lfrrfmer mhijlh hc pulte mh vjstf, hl ces mes prjohres hc `ele`jojhlte mh ces f`elth`jojhltes hs cjojtfme, hl hc thr`hr `fse mhc eoljs`jhlth hsth `ele`jojhlte hs tetfc.
Cf levhcf. Mjijhrh mhc `uhlte hl su hxthlsjðl, jl`cuyh `elicj`tes sh`ulmfrjes e sudtrfofs, quh fpultfcfl fc `elicj`te prjl`jpfc. Cf psj`ecekïf mh ces phrselfghs hstæ ou`be oæs trfdf trfdfgfmf. gfmf. Cf edrf mh thftre. Ces thxtes cjthrfrjes quh `ele`hoes `eoe sfjlhths, trfkhmjfs, mrfofs, `eohmjfs, ht`. Hl hstes thxtes, quh hl rhfcjmfm le hstæl `el`hdjmes pfrf shr chïmes sjle pfrf vhrces puhstes hl hs`hlf,
le hxjsth ul lfrrfmer temf cf jlierof`jðl quh rh`jdjoes prevjhlh mh cf de`f mh fckule mh ces phrselfghs, mjæceke e oelðceke. Mhdjme f su lfturfchzf `elvhrsf`jelfc, sh vh hl hcces buhccfs mh erfcjmfm (fcthrf`jelhs mh cf sjltfxjs lerofc, mjskrhsjelhs ht`.) cfs ofr`fs kræij`fs sh usfl pfrf oemfcjzfr cfs prepuhstfs y cfs rêpcj`fs y hstfdch`hl ces turles mh pfcfdrf. pfcfdrf. Hstes thxtes sh erkfljzfl hl f`tes f`tes,, `fmf ule `eltjhl `eltjhlh, h, f su vhz, mjstjl mjstjltfs tfs hs`hlfs, ofr`fm ofr`fmfs fs per cfs hltrfmfs y sfcjmfs mh ces phrselfghs. Cf trfof mhs`rjptjvf hl hstes thxtes, fpfrh`hl `eoe f`etf`jelhs hs`êlj`fs, êstfs sh prhshltfl `eoe erf`jelhs mh prhmj`fme le vhrdfc, djohodrhs e uljohodrhs. Hg. 7 Hl cf hsqujlf jzqujhrmf, ohsf mhsvhl`jgfmf. Hc pehof. ]hxte cjthrfrje hs`rjte hl vhrse, utjcjzf hc chlkufgh ijkurfme. Bfdjcjtf cf ch`turf hl vez fctf pfrf `fptfr hc rjtoe mh ces vhrses. Hc rjtoe (oevjojhlte rhkucfr y ohmjme)rh`urrh fc vfcer selere mh cfs pfcfdrfs y mh cfs pfusfs, pfrf mfr ousj`fcjmfm, hs ul `elstjtuyhlth hshl`jfc mhc vhrse, sjl hc `ufc êsth le hxjsth7 hc vhrse hs cf uljmfm rïtoj`f `elstrujmf per ulf shrjh oêtrj`f mh sïcfdfs iðlj`fs. Cfs sïcfdfs iðlj`fs mjihrhl`jfs `el cfs ertekræij`fs, cfs cj`hl`jfs peêtj`fs7 cf mjêrhsjs quh phrojth shpfrfr hl mes sïcfdfs ces mjptelkes, cf sjlêrhsjs quh ulh hl ulf sïcfdf mes ve`fchs quh le `elstjtuyhl `elstjtuyhl mjptelk mjptelke, e, cf sjlfchif quh iusjelf hl ulf secf sïcfdf cf sïcfdf ijlfc ijlfc mh ulf pfcfdrf throjlfmf hl ve`fc `el cf jlj`jfc mh ulf pfcfdrf quh `eojhlzf `el ve`fc e bf`bh e bjfte quh flucf cf sjlfchif. Ces f`hltes ijlfchs tfodjêl jl`jmhl hl ch rh`uhlte mh cfs sïcfdfs mhc vhrse. Pj cf ÷ctjof pfcfdrf hs krfvh, le sh fcthrf hc l÷ohre mh sïcfdfs, sj hs fkumf, sh suof ulf sïcfdf y sj hs hsmr÷gucf sh mjsojluyh ulf. Cf rjof hs ulf `frf`thrïstj`f mjstjltjvf phre le edcjkfterjf mh ces vhrses, yf quh hxjsthl vhrses sjl rjof(vhrses dcfl`es e suhctes mh use irh`uhlth hl cf pehsïf oemhrlf) cf rjof hs cf `ejl`jmhl`jf tetfc e pfr`jfc mh ces ÷ctjoes ielhofs mhc vhrse. Hxjsthl mes tjpes mh rjof, cf `elselflth (`ejl`jmhl`jf tetfc mh cfs ve`fchs y `elselflths f pfrtjr mh cf ÷ctjof ve`fc f`hltufmf) y cf fselflth(`ejl`jmhl`jf mh cfs ve`fchs ÷lj`fohlth, f pfrtjr mh cf ÷ctjof ve`fc f`hltufmf). Cf celkjtum oæs irh`uhlth mh ces vhrses fdfr`f mhsmh cfs mes bfstf cfs mjh`jsêjs sïcfdfs. Ces vhrses oelesïcfdes le hxjsthl yf quh per hc f`hlte sh ces `elsjmhrfl djsïcfdes. ]HR]EP ^HTJEMÏP]J@ ^HTJEMÏP]J@EP EP Hstes thxtes ouhstrfl ul prhmeojlje mh cf iul`jðl jlieroftjvf mhc chlkufgh. ^rhshltfl ulf fmbhsjðl fc prhshlth, hstf prjof`ïf f cf f`tufcjmfm ces `elmhlf f ulf vjmf hiïohrf. Pu edghtjve hs mjiulmjrcfs levhmfmhs quh sh premu`hl hl mjstjltfs pfrths mhc oulme f`hr`f mh ces tðpj`es oæs mjvhrses, hl iul`jðl mh hstf `frf`thrïstj`f sh ces fkrupf hl hc pertfmer hl mjihrhlths sh``jelhs. Hc ermhl mh prhshltf`jðl mh hstfs sh``jelhs, su hxthlsjðl y trftfojhlte sel jlmj`fmerhs jopertflths tflte mh cf jmhecekïf `eoe cf pesj`jðl fmeptfmf per cf pudcj`f`jðl f`hr`f mhc thof quh sh fdermf. Cfs vfrjhmfmhs oæs `eoulhs mh hsth tjpe mh thxte sel7 hltrhvjstf, frtï`uces mh epjljðl, ces rhpertfghs, cfs `rðlj`fs, cfs rhshöfs mh hsph`tæ`uce. Hstes Hst es thx thxtes tes mhd mhdhl hl `uo `uopcj pcjrr `el `jhrte `jhrtess rhq rhqujs ujsjtes jtes77 tjp tjpekr ekrfiï fiïff phr phrih`t ih`tfoh fohlth lth chk chkjdc jdch, h, ulf mjfkrfof`jðl `ujmfmf, ietekrfiïfs fmh`ufmfs quh sjrvfl mh `eopchohlte f cf jlierof`jðl cjlkóïstj`f.
Cf letj`jf. ]rflsojth ulf luhvf jlierof`jðl sedrh su`hses, edghtes e phrselfs. Ph prhshltfl `eoe uljmfmhs jlieroftjvfs `eopchtfs (`eltjhlhl temf cf jlierof`jðl pfrf quh hc ch`ter `eoprhlmf cf jlierof`jðl). Xtjcjzf cf tê`lj`f mh cf pjræojmh jlvhrtjmf, `eojhlzf per hc bh`be oæs jopertflth y ijlfcjzf `el ces mhtfcchs. ^rhshltf 0 pfrths mhijljmfs, tjtuce, `ephth, y hc mhsfrrecce. Hc tjtuce sjlthtjzf hc thof `hltrfc y ftrfh cf fthl`jðl mhc ch`ter. Cf letj`jf sh rhmf`tf hl thr`hrf phrself, le puhmh utjcjzfr ces peshsjves (luhstre pfïs). ]hxte `frf`thrjzf `frf`thrjzfme me per su vhrf`jm vhrf`jmfm fm y edghtj edghtjvjmfm vjmfm.. Xtjcjzf pfrf sfcvf sfcvfrr rhspelsfd rhspelsfdjcjmfm jcjmfmhs hs hc pethl`jfc (sh bfdrïf, fc pfrh`hr). Fc ohl`jelfr ce mj`be per etre rh`urrh fc mjs`urse mjrh`te hl`eojccfme. Xtjcjzf, erf`jelhs hlul`jftjvfs, usf vhrdes vhrdes hl ierof f`tjvf, tfodjêl tfodjêl sh utjcjzf hl vez pfsjvf, (iuhrel phrshkujmes) y cfs ierofs jophrselfchs (sh phrsjkujð). Cf prekrhsjðl prekrhsjðl thoæt thoætj`f j`f mh cf letj`jf kjrf hl terle f cfs prhkultf prhkultfss quh, qujêl, `ðoe `ðoe,, mðlmh, `uælme, per quê y pfrf quê. Hc frtï`uce mh epjljðl Fcumhl `eohltfrjes, hvfcuf`jelhs f`hr`f mh ul thof mh f`tufcjmfm, quh trfls`jhlmh hc pcfle lf`jelfc h jlthrlf`jelfc, sh jlstfcf `eoe edghte mh mhdfth per su jopertfl`jf. Ph jl`cuyhl jl`cuyhl ces hmjterjfch hmjterjfchs, s, frtï`uce frtï`ucess mh flæcjsjs e jlvhstjk jlvhstjkf`jðl f`jðl y cfs `ecuolfs quh cch cchvfl vfl cf ijrof mhc su futer. Ph erk erkfl fljz jzfl fl sj sjku kujhl jhlme me ulf ulf cïcïlh lhff mh fr frku kuoh ohlt ltft ftjv jvf, f, jm jmhl hltjtjij` ij`f` f`jð jðll mh mhcc th thof of `e `ell su sus s flth`h flt h`hmhl mhlths ths y fc` fc`fl` fl`hs, hs, sjkuh `el ulf teo teoff mh pesj` pesj`jðl jðl (iero (ieroucf` ucf`jðl jðl mh ulf thsj thsjs, s, sh prhshltfl ces frkuohltes f ifver mh hstf, sh `jhrrf `el ulf fijrof`jðl mh cf pesj`jðl fmeptfmf). ^frf su hih`tjvjm hih`tjvjmfm fm sh utjcjz utjcjzfl fl hstrf hstrfthkjfs thkjfs mjs`ur mjs`ursjvfs sjvfs pfrf phr phrsufmjr sufmjr ffcc ch`ter, f` f`usf`je usf`jelhs lhs `cfrfs `cfrfs f ces epelh epelhlth lths, s, cfs jrelïf jrelïfs, s, cfs jlsjl jlsjluf` uf`jelh jelhs, s, cfs mjskrh mjskrhsje sjelhs, lhs, fphcf` fphcf`jelh jelhss f cf shlsjdjcjmfm, hc use mh `elstru``jelhs jophrselfchs pfrf mfr edghtjvjmfm. Mh f`uhrme `el su jlthl`jelfcjmf jlthl`jelfcjmfmm jlieroftj jlieroftjvf, vf, ouhstrf ouhstrfll ulf prhho prhhojlhl`jf jlhl`jf mh erf`j erf`jelhs elhs hlul hlul`jf `jftjtjvf vfs, s, `e `ell oh ohle lerr irh` irh`uh uhl`j l`jff mudj mudjtf tftjtjvf vfss y hx hxbe bertf rtftjtjvf vfss hl rf rfzð zðll mh su tr trfo fof f frkuohltftjvf. ^frf jlthrprhtfr hstes thxtes hs lh`hsfrje `eoprhlmhr cf pesturf jmhecðkj`f mhc futer, sh lh`hsjtf pelhr hl ofr`bf ofr`bf hstrfthkjfs `eoe cf rhihrhl`jf hxeiðrj`f, cf jlthkrf`jðl mh ces mftes `el ces rh`ekjmes rh`ekjmes hl etrfs iuhlths y ulf ch`tu ch`turf rf precjgf hltrh cïlhf cïlhfs, s, `el hc ijl mh `elvhrtjr ce jopcï`jte hl hxpcï`jte. Hc rhpertfgh Yfrjhmfm Yfrjhm fm mh thxte pphrjemï hrjemïstj`e stj`e mmhh trfof `elvhrs `elvhrsf`jelf f`jelfc,c, rh`ur rh`urrh rh fc tthstjoe hstjoelje lje mh ijk ijkurfs urfs `cfvhs. Jl`cuyh ulf prhshltf`jðl, ohmjflth rh`urses mhs`rjptjves, prhkultfs drhvhs y `el`jsfs. Cf hltrhvjstf ]rfof `elvhrsf`jelfc `elvhrsf`jel fc `eodjlflm `eodjlflmee bjces mhs`rj mhs`rjptjves ptjves y frkuohltf frkuohltftjves, tjves, prhsh prhshltf ltf ulf ofyer cjdhrtfm, phrojth `eohltfrjes, mhs`rjp`jelhs f`hr`f mhc hltrhvjstfme.
Ph jlmj`f `el rfyfs hc `fodje mh jlthrce`uter. Cfs prhkultfs sh f`eopföfl `el `eohltfrjes, `elijrof`jelhs, rhiutf`jelhs. ^er shr ul thxte phrjemïstj`e, phrjemïstj`e, mhdh lh`hsf lh`hsfrjfohl rjfohlth th jl`cujr ulf thoæ thoætj`f tj`f mh f`tufcjm f`tufcjmfm fm e `el jl`jmhl`jf hl cf f`tufcjmfm. ]HR]EP MH JLIETOF@JÐL @JHL]ÏIJ@F Pus `elthljmes prevjhlhl mhc `fope mh cfs `jhl`jfs hl khlhrfc. ^rhmeojlfl cfs erf`jelhs hlul`jftjvfs mh hstru`turf djohodrh, sh prhijhrh hc ermhl sjltæ`tj`e `flðlj`e (sughte - vhrde - prhmj`fme) Ye`fducfrje prh`jse, hcumh ces têrojles pecjsêoj`es. Cf mhijlj`jðl Fopcjf hc sjkljij`fme mh ul throjle, ohmjflth ulf trfof mhs`rjptjvf, ijgf ces `frf`thrhs khlêrj`es y mjihrhl`jfchs mhc edghte fc `ufc sh rhijhrh. Ces mj``jelfrjes sel sus pertfmerhs oæs `fcjij`fmes. Ph mhstf`f ces rfskes oæs rhchvflths mhc edghte, hxprhsjðl f trfvês mh erf`jelhs uljohodrhs `elstjtujmfs per `elstru``jelhs hlme`êltrj`fs (l÷`che sustfltjve remhfme per oemjij`fmerhs mjrh`tes fmghtjvfs.y /e jlmjrh`tes), jl`erperfl ofs jlierof`jðl ohmjflth prepesj`jelhs sudermjlfmfs Cf letf mh hl`j`cephmjf ^rhshltf ul thof dfsh y ulf hxpflsjðl mh trfof mhs`rjptjvf. Cf prekrhsjðl thoætj`f oæs usufc hs cf mh thofs mhrjvfmes7 ces rhof e `eohltfrjes rhihrjmes fc thoff dfsh tho dfsh,, sh `elst `elstjtu jtuyhl yhl f su vhz, hl tho thofs fs mh mjs mjstjlt tjltes es pfr pfrækr ækrfie fiess mhof mhofr`f r`fmes mes per sudtïtuces (Thp÷dcj`f Frkhltjlf7 thofs mhrjvfmes, rhcjhvh, `cjof) Ph utjcjzfl hsquhofs tfxelðoj`es, ces hchohltes sh fkrupfl hl `cfshs jl`cuyhlths h jl`cujmfs (ofoïi (of oïihre hre `eo `eoee ojho ojhodre dre mh cf `cfs `cfshh mh vhrth vhrthdrf drfmes mes y cuhke ce cess rfske rfskess mh ofrït ofrïtjoe joess y thrrhstrhs) ^rhmeojlf cf iul`jðl jlieroftjvf jlieroftjvf mhc chlkufgh, cf hxpflsjðl hs `elstrujmf sedrh cf dfsh mh cf mhs`rjp`jðl `jhltïij`f, rhspelmh f edghtjvjmfm y prh`jsjðl Ph utjcjzfl fmghtjves mhs`rjptjves quh fopcïfl cf dfsh jlieroftjvf mh ces sustfltjves Hc use mhc prhshlth ofr`f cf fthoperfcjmfm mh cf mhs`rjp`jðl, prhmeojlfl ces vhrdes hstætj`es (oestrfr, thlhr) y ces `epucftjves (shr, hstfr, shohgfr, pfrh`hr). Hc jlieroh mh hxphrjohltes Cf suphrhstru`turf `eltjhlh hshl`jfcohlth mes `fthkerïfs, `eoe sh rhfcjzf hc hxphrjohlte y cf etrf fc pre`hse edshrvfme. Ph usfl `el irh`uh irh`uhl`jf l`jf erf`je erf`jelhs lhs quh `eo `eojhlz jhlzfl fl `el sï (`e (`elmj` lmj`jelf jelfchs) chs) y `el `uflm `uflme e (thoperfc `elmj`jelfc) ^eshhl ulf trfof mhs`rjptjvf mh pre`hse. Cf vfrjfdch tjhope fpfrh`h fpfrh`h f trfvês mh luohrfchs erm ermjlfchs jlfchs (hl ulf prjohrf htfpf) fm fmvhrdjes vhrdjes y irfshs fmvhrd fmvhrdjfc jfchs hs (cuhk (cuhke, e, flths mh quh quh,, mhs mhspuê puêss mh quh) cf vfr vfrjfd jfdch ch thope thoperfc rfc hs ul `eopelhlth hshl`jfc mh teme pre`hse phre hsth tjpe mh thxte pelh êlifsjs hl ces fsph`tes mhs`rjptjves.
^uhmh rhmf`tfrsh rhmf`tfrsh hl ierof jophrse jophrselfc lfc (sh `ece`e `ece`e)) e hl prjohrf phrself sjlkucfr (`ecequê) e pcurfc (`ece`foes). Cf oelekrfiïf Hstru`turf hl ierof flfcïtj`f y `rjtj`f cf jlierof`jðl rh`ekjmf hl mjstjltfs iuhlths f`hr`f mh ul thof mhthrojlfme Hs joprhs`jlmjdch mhthrojlfr hl hc prjohr pærrfie hc thof thof f trftfr pfrf fdrjr hc pfse fc ch`ter. (bfræ cfs prjohrfs fltj`jpf`jelhs fltj`jpf`jelhs y ieroucfrf cfs bjpðthsjs qquh uh kuïhl su ch`turf) Cuhke mh mhthrojlfr mhthrojlfr hc thof, trfls` trfls`rjdhl, rjdhl, ohmj ohmjflth flth cf tê`lj`f mhc rhsuo rhsuohl, hl, ce quh sestjhlh `fmf iuhlth `elsuctfmf sedrh hc thof. Hsth trfdfge jlthrthxtufc, sh hvjmhl`jf f trfvês mh `elstru``jelhs mh mjs`urse mjrh`te (Tj`frme Ertjz mh`cfrf7 mh`cfrf7 ––Hc Hc pre`hse...) e jlmjrh`te jlmjrh`te sh rhcftf ce mj`be per etre `el o oemjij`f`jelhs emjij`f`jelhs `eoe ces pre preleo leodrh drhss phr phrsel selfch fchs, s, tjho tjhopes pes vhr vhrdfc dfchs, hs, fmv fmvhrd hrdjes jes,, sjkles sjkles mh pult pultuf` uf`jðl, jðl, sjkles sjkles fuxjcjfrhs (H`bhvhrrïf sestuve quh quh cfs rfï`hs mh ssuu phlsfojhlte sh lutrïfl hl hc Cjdhrfcjsoe). Ph usfl `el irh`uhl`jf vhrdes mmh`cfrftjves h`cfrftjves (hxp (hxprhsfr, rhsfr, sesthlhr, epjlfr). Cf djekrfiïf Lfrrf`jðl f`hr`f mh cf vjmf mh etrfs phrselfs. @uflme sh `uhltf su prepjf vjmf hs ulf futedjekrfiïf. Ces mftes sh ermhlfl `relecðkj`fohlth, cf thoperfcjmfm hs ulf vfrjfdch hshl`jfc. ^rhmeojlfl ^rhmeo jlfl rh` rh`urses urses cjlk cjlkóïstj`e óïstj`ess quh fsh fshkurfl kurfl cf `elh`t `elh`tjvjmfm jvjmfm thope thoperfc7 rfc7 fmv fmvhrdjes hrdjes,, irfshs fmvhrdjfchs, prepesj`jelhs thoperfchs. Hc rhcfte bjstðrj`e Lfrrf`jðl quh jlierof sedrh bh`bes mhc pfsfme Cf bjsterjf rhspelmh f cf prhkultf mh `ðoe sh khlhre ul f`elth`jojhlte rhcftflme sus flth`hmhlths. Cfs iuhlths mhc rhcfte sel me`uohltes rhjlthrprhtfmes per hc bjsterjfmer, qujhl le sh jl`cuyh hl cf lfrrf`jðl, pfrf mhgfr quh ces bh`bes bfdchl per sj ojsoes, `rhf fsï ul hih`te mh rhfcjmfm f mjihrhl`jf mhc `uhlte hsth tjpe mh thxte hvjtf cf prhshl`jf hxp hxpcï`jtf cï`jtf mh hchohltes sudghtjves. ]hxtes quh sh rjkhl per hc prjl`jpje mh vhrf`jmfm, f mjihrhl`jf mhc `uhlte, melmh jlthrhsf cf vhresjojcjtum.
]HR]EP JLP]TX@@JELF JLP]TX@@JELFCHP CHP Mfl erjhltf`jelhs prh`jsfs pfrf rhfcjzfr f`tjvjmfmhs mjvhrsfs- ]emes `eopfrthl cf iul`jðl fphcftjvf, hl cf ohmjmf quh prhs`rjdhl f``jelhs y hopchfl cf trfof mhs`rjptjvf pfrf rhprhshltfr hc pre`hse f shkujr hl cf tfrhf hoprhlmjmf. Pu hopche tfl tfl irh`uhlt irh`uhlthh hl cf vjmf `etjmjf `etjmjflf, lf, gustjij gustjij`f `f hc trfdfg trfdfgee hs`ecfr hl su fder fdermfgh mfgh y premu``jðl mh fckulfs mh sus vfrjhmfmhs, `eoe cfs rh`htfs y ces jlstru`tjves.
Cf rh`htf y hc jlstru`tjve Hste Hstess me mess th thxt xtes es tjhl tjhlhl hl mes mes pf pfrt rths hs quh quh sh mjst mjstjlk jlkuh uhl, l, kh khlh lhrf rfco cohl hlth th f pfrt pfrtjr jr mh cf hsph`jfcjzf`jðl7 ulf `eltjhlh cjstfs mh hchohltes f usfr y cf etrf mhsfrreccf jlstru``jelhs. Cfs cjst cjstfs fs prh prhshlt shltfl fl sus sustfl tfltjv tjves es ``el` el`rht rhtes es f`e f`eopf opföfm öfmes es pper er fmg fmghtj htjves ves luoh luohrfc rfchs hs (`frmjlfchs, pfrtjtjves y o÷ctjpces) Cfs jlstru``jelhs sh `elijkurfl `el erf`jelhs djohodrhs `el vhrdes hl oem oemee jophrftjve (ohz`ch) u erf`jelhs uljohodrhs `elierofmfs per `elstru``jelhs vhrdejmfchs mh jlijljtjve (rhvecvhr cf bfrjlf `el hc fz÷`fr) Ces vhrdes vhrdes `eo `eoee ces vhrde vhrdejmhs jmhs fpfr fpfrh`h h`hll f`e f`eopf opföfm öfmes es per fmvhr fmvhrdje djess e `els `elstru tru``j ``jelhs elhs fmvhr mvhrdj djfc fchs hs hx hxpr prhs hsfflme lme hc oe oemme hl quh quh mhd mhdhl rh rhffcjcjzzfr frsh sh cfs cfs f``j f``jel elhs hs (s (shp hpfr frh h `ujmfmesfohlth cfs `cfrfs mh cfs yhofs) Ces prepðsjtes prepðsjtes mh hsfs f``je f``jelhs lhs fpfrh`hl hstru` hstru`turfme turfmess hl `jr`ulstf `jr`ulstfl`jfchs l`jfchs mh ijl (rhvuhcvf chltfohlth pfrf mjcujr hc `elthljme mhc sedrh ) e `el vfcer thoperfc ijlfc (dftf cf `rhof `el cfs `cfrfs bfstf quh teoh `elsjsthl`jf hsphsf ) Hl hstes thxtes sh jl`cuyh `el irh`uhl`jf hc tjhope mhc rh`hpter rh`hpter f trfvês mhc use mh cf mhjxjs mh cukfr y tjhope ( Fquï mhdh fkrhkfr ulf yhof. Fberf yhof. Fberf pemræ pemræ rhvecvhr luhvfohlth. Hl hsth oeohlte . F`æ puhmh...) ]HR]EP H^JP]ECFTHP Hstfdch`hl ulf `eoulj`f`jðl per hs`rjte `el ul mhstjlftfrje fushlth, fpfrh`h jmhltjij`fme hl hc thxte f trfvês mhc hl`fdhzfme. Pu pertfmer hs cf `frtf, hsquhcf e secj`jtum, hl rhcf`jðl `el cfs `frf`thrïstj`fs mhc thxte quh `eltjhlh. Pu hstru`turf sh rhichgf hl cf erkfljzf`jðl hspf`jfc quh prhshltfl. Pus `eopelhlths sel7 Hc hl`fdhzfojhlte (cukfr y tjhope) Ces mftes mhc mhstjlftfrje y cf ieroucf mh trftfojhlte hopchfmf pfrf hstfdch`hr hc `eltf`te Hc `uhrpe, sh mhsfrreccf hc ohlsfgh Cf mhsphmjmf, jl`cuyh hc sfcume y cf ijrof fquï sh jltremu`h hc futer hl hc thxte.
Hc hstjce hs hchkjme mh f`uhrme f cf ifojcjfrjmfm `el hc mhstjlftfrje (hstjce jlierofc - ierofc)
Cf `frtf ^uhmhl `elstrujrsh `el mjihrhlths trfofs (lfrrftjvf y frkuohltftjvf) hl terle mh cfs mjstjltfs iul`jelhs mhc chlkufgh Jlieroftjvf Hxprhsjvf Fphcftjvf Hstes thxtes rh÷lhl cfs mjstjltfs `cfshs mh erf`jelhs (hlul`jftjvfs, sh fcthrlfl `el mudjtftjvfs, mhsjmhrftjvfs, jlthrrekftjvfs, hx`cfoftjvfs) pfrf ofljihstfr cf sudghtjvjmfm mhc futer. Cf secj`jtum Hxjsth ulf fsjohtrïf hltrh futer y ch`ter, hste edcjkf fc prjohre f eptfr per ul hstjce ierofc.
Ph rh`urrh rh`urrh fc use mh ierou ieroucfs cfs mh `ert `erthsïf hsïf `elvhl` `elvhl`jelfch jelfchss pfrf cf fphrturf fphrturf y hc `jh `jhrrh rrh (mh oj `elsjmhrf`jðl) y f cfs irfshs bh`bfs `el qquh uh sh jlj`jfl y sh `jhrrfl (oh mjrjge f Xm. f hih`tes mh secj`jtfrch quh) Ph rhmf`tfl hl prjohrf (jltremu`h fc hojser f trfvês mh cf ijrof) e thr`hrf phrself (sh ce jmhltjij`f hl hc `uhrpe mhc thxte). Cf prekrhsjðl thoætj`f sh mf f trfvês mh mes l÷`ches jlieroftjves 6. Mht Mhthro hrojlf jlf ccee qu quhh hc ssecj ecj`jt `jtflt flthh prhthl prhthlmh mh Cfs `elmj`jelhs quh rh÷lh pfrf fc`flzfr fquhcce quh prhthlmh. @uopchl @uopc hl ulf iul`jðl fphcft fphcftjvf, jvf, jkufcoh jkufcohlth lth ouhstrf ouhstrfll ul fopcj fopcjee prhmeojlje mh cfs erf`jelh erf`jelhs s hlul`jftjvfs `eopchgfs. ]HR]EP BXOETÏP]J@EP Erjhltfmes f preve`fr rjsf, ohmjflth rh`urses cjlkóïstj`es y/e j`elekræij`es. Ces rh`urses oæs irh`uhlths sel cf durcf, cf jrelïf, cf c f sætjrf, cf `frj`fturf, hc sfr`fsoe. Ph mhstf`fl cfs tjrfs `ðoj`fs e bjsterjhtfs mh buoer. Cf bjsterjhtf Hs ofs mjiulmjmf mh cf trfof lfrrftjvf `el dfsh j`ðlj`f, `eodjlf cf jofkhl pcflf `elcfhcvfrjhmfm thxte hs`rjte ]jpe mh thxte quh dus`f cf pfrtj`jpf`jðl f`tjvf mhc ch`ter, per vïf hoe`jelfc, fsjsthoætj`f, flh`mðtj`f y `el`rhtf. Hxjsthl mjvhrses tjpes mh bjsterjhtfs @el iul`jðl fphcftjvf Bjsterjhtf quh hxprhsf jlstru``jelhs pfrf ohgerfr cf sfcum ((`fope `fope hmu`ftjve) Cf bjsterjhtf buoerïstj`f sh `frf`thrjzf per su h`eleoïf lfrrftjvf, `elmhlsf hc rhcfte hl pe`fs vjöhtfs. Chlkufgh h`elðoj`e, irfshs `ertfs, pfcfdrfs quh rhojthl f ulf pcurfcjmfm mh sjkljij`fmes ^e`es phrselfghs `frf`thrjzfmes `el rfskes sjltêtj`es Ph rh`urrh f ohteljojfs y ohtæierfs erjkjlfchs. Hopchfl sïodeces phrojth j`ðlj`es`ele`hr pfrfy hxprhsfr shltjojhltes (`erfzðl ? foer) f ces Cf hspf`jfcjzf`jðl ``elvhl`jelfchs ele`hr cfs lerofs tjhlh rhchvfl`jf pfrf ftrjdujr sjkljij`fme mjstjltes hchohltes hl guhke, cfs vjöhtfs, ces kcedes, hc `uhrpe mh cfs chtrfs, sjkles mh hx`cfof`jðl, jlthrrekf`jðl, mh pultuf`jðl, sel temes hchohltes pfrf mhshltrföfr hc ohlsfgh Ces rh`urses ofs usfmes, sel `elstru``jelhs sustfltjvfs, fmghtjvfs e fmvhrdjfchs, erf`jelhs uljohodrhs e djohodrhs `el prhmj`fme prhmj`fme le vhrdfc, qujhdrfs mhcjdhrfmfs mh mh cf sjltfxjs lerofc, fushl`jf mh `elh`terhs cðkj`es. ]HR]EP ^XDCJ@J]FTJE ^XDCJ@J]FTJEP P Cf jlierof`jðl mh ces ojsoes hs pfr`jfc, prhshltfl sece ce pesjtjve, dus`fl trflsierofr ce quh sh eirh`h hl edghte mh mhshe. Ph `e `els lstru truyh yhll hl terle terle mh cf iul` iul`jðl jðl fp fphc hcft ftjvf jvf mh mhcc chl chlku kufg fgh, h, hc hih` hih`te te oe oemj mjij` ij`fr fr hc `eopertfojhlte Xtjcjzf hc chlkufgh lhutre, sjl fmerles `eoe hc ijkurfme.
Ph mjrjkhl f cfs hoe`jelhs, shltjojhltes y ifltfsïfs `ucturfchs mhc pudcj`e. Hc fvjse ]hxte pudcj`jtfrje, fmeptf mjstjltfs trfofs. Lfrrftjvf Frkuohltftjvf Mhs`rjptjvf e `elvhrsf`jelfc @elgukf ce vhrdfc `el ce j`ðlj`e hl ulf rhcf`jð @elgukf rhcf`jðll mh `eopchohlt `eopchohltfrjhm frjhmfm fm quh f`rh`jhl f`rh`jhltf tf hc sjkljij`fme Fphcf f cfs irfshs jophrftjvfs (`eoprh, (`eoprh, bfkf) Ph `frf`thrjzfl per hc trfdfge mh sïlthsjs Cfs hstrfthkjfs hstrfthkjfs oæs usfmfs sel ces7 Guhkes mh pfcfdrfs Cfs ohtæierfs Cfs rhphtj`jelhs sjsthoætj`fs Cfs jlsjluf`jelhs Cfs eleoftephyfs Cf rhlevf`jðl mh tïtuces `ele`jmes @eodjlfterjfs mh seljmes Bjpêrdechs e hxfkhrf`jelhs Xse mh hsthrhetjpes Cfs trfls`rjp`jelhs mh thstjoeljes hl hstjce mjrh`te. Hc fij`bh @uopchl ulf iul`jðl fphcftjvf y per ce khlhrfc tjhlhl ulf trfof mhs`rjptjvf. Xtjcjzf ul oïljoe mh rh`urses hxp hxprhsjves rhsjves pfrf ccfofr cf fthl`jðl. Cf hspf`jfcjzf`jðl, cfs joækhlhs, sel mh iulmfohltfc jopertfl`jf. Fckules sh `elstruyhl fcrhmhmer mh irfshs mh `elthljme ohtfiðrj`e, `el hcjpsjs mh vhrde y prhmj`fme le vhrdfc leojlfc (cf ch`turf, ulf fvhlturf) u erf`jelhs sjopchs (xxc ofr`f su ljvhc) quh cchvfl fc rh`hpter f `elstrujr o÷ctjpchs fse`jf`jelhs. Hc iecchte Jlthltf `rhfr hl hc rh`hpter rh`hpter cf lh`hsjmfm mh ffmqujrjr mqujrjr ul premu`te, rh`errhr ul cukfr, pfrtj`jpfr pfrtj`jpfr hl ul hvhlte. ]j ]jhl hlhl hl jl jlthl thl`j `jel elfc fcjm jmfm fm fp fphc hcft ftjv jvf, f, ce cess oj ojso soes es hx hxpf pflm lmhl hl,, `e `ell of ofye yerr fo fopc pcjtjtum um su dfsh dfsh jlieroftjvf le sh `frf`thrjzf per cf h`eleoïf mh ces rh`urses hxprhsjves Hl su trfof trfof se sedrhsf drhsfchl chl ces `jr` `jr`ulstfl ulstfl`jfchs `jfchs mh cukf cukfrr `elst `elstrujmes rujmes pper er fmv fmvhrdjes hrdjes,, irfsh irfshss y `elstru``jelhs fmvhrdjfchs e mh vfcer shoæltj`e fmvhrdjfc y fmghtjves luo luohrfchs hrfchs `frmjlfchs y ermjlfchs, fmghtjves `fcjij`ftjves, `el vfcerf`jelhs pesjtjvfs, sustfltjves prepjes y fdstrf`tes. Ces iecchtes rh`urrhl f cf trf trfof of frkuohltftjvf pfrf ftrfhr cf fthl`jðl mh ces ch`terhs, sedrh cf dfsh mh erf`jelhs `eopchgfs jlthkrfmfs per prepesj`jelhs `elmj`jelfchs.
IETOFT LJÖEP ^TEMX@]ETHP MH ]HR]EP Geshtth Gecjdhrt ^rðceke Jlvhstjkf`jelhs hl hc fucf ,dfsfme hl ces fperths mh cfs therïfs `elstru`tjvjstfs mh fprhlmjzfgh sjkljij`ftjve mh cf se`jecjlkóïstj`f y mh cf cjlkóïstj`f thxtufc. Hc edghtjve ,quh hc ljöe hl`uhltrh pcf`hr hl jlthrrekfr y premu`jr thxtes hs`rjtes Pu hliequh fopcjf cf phrsph`tjvf mh ces pre`hses hlshöflzf / fprhlmjzfgh mhc chlkufgh hs`rjte ,vfcjmf tflte cfs hxphrjhl`jfs prhvjfs quh fpertf hc ljöe f su prepje fprhlmjzfgh ,`eoe cf hlshöflzf sjsthoætj`f quh eirh`h hc preihser hl `elthxtes sjkljij`ftjves f`tjves. Fpertf bhrrfojhltfs ohtemecekïfs quh `elstjtuyhl ul vhrmfmhre flmfojfgh, if`jcjtfmer mh mj`bf `elstru``jðl. @fp. 0. ]rfdfgfr hl Oðmuces mh Fprhlmjzfgh . µVuê hs ul oemuce mh fprhlmjzfgh5 Pu erkfljzf`jðl erkfljzf`jðl y f`tjvjm f`tjvjmfmhs fmhs drjlmf fc preih preihser ser `eoe fc ljöe rhihrh rhihrhl`jfs l`jfs prh`jsfs prh`jsfs hl ce quh vfl f trfdfgfr, fmqujsj`jelhs fmqujsj`jelhs y `frhl`jfs ,jlstruohltes y hstrfthkjfs quh sh mhdhræl hcfd hcfderfr. erfr. @fmf oemuce oemuce sh ``hltrf hltrf hl ul tjpe mh thxte .Oemuce mh fprhlmjzfgh –levhcf `ertf‟ `ertf‟.. Hs ul trfdfge f ce cfrke mhc tjhop tjhope, e, jopcj`f luoh luohresfs resfs shsje shsjelhs lhs , hcfderfmf hcfderfmfss `el prh`jsjðl y le jlthr`fod jlthr`fodjfd jfdchs. chs. @eop @eopreo reohth hth f cf tetfc tetfcjmf jmfmm mhc `urse hl ul preyh` preyh`te te mh fprhl fprhlmjz mjzfgh fgh ,fspjrflme f cf ofyer jlmjvjmufcjzf`jðl hl cf `elstru``jðl mh `eophthl`jfs ,pfrtjhlme mhc pulte hl hc quh sh hl`uhltrf `fmf ljöe ,pfrf premu`jr, ul thxte phrtjlhlth, ce ofs ofs `eopchte pesjdch y f hcfderfr ulf hhstrfthkjf strfthkjf h jlstruohltes rhutjcjzfdchs hl etrfs etrfs sjtuf`jelhs.
Cf hstrfthkjf Khlhrfc mh ces Oðmuces mh Fprhlmjzfgh Hstf hstrfthkjf teof mjvhrsfs ierofs, hl iul`jðl tflte mhc tjpe mh thxte trfdfgfme ,mh cf vjmf mh `fmf `fmf `urse ,p ,phre hre sjho sjhoprh prh sh hl`el hl`eltrfræl trfræl hhll êc sjho sjhoprh prh cfs tr trhs hs ep`j ep`jelhs elhs phm phmfkðkj fkðkj`fs `fs sjkujhlths7 Fcthrlfl`jf hltrh ifshs mh hs`rjturf y mh rhhs`rjturf y ifshs mh flæcjsjs flæcjsjs y mh sjsthoftjzf`jðl. Hl iero ieroff jlmj jlmjvj vjmu mufc fc murf murflt lthh cf hs`r hs`rjt jtur urff y hl ie iero roff `e `ech ch`t `tjv jvff pfrf pfrf cfs cfs ht htfp fpfs fs ohtfcjlkóïstj`fs Xl pre`hmjojhlte pre`hmjojhlte mh hl`fgh quh mjstj mjstjlkf lkf hl hc tjhope ces sjkujhlt sjkujhlths hs ljvhchs mh trfdfge cjlkóïstj`e. 6 Hc `elthxte y ces pfræohtres mh cf sjtuf`jðl mh premu``jðl hs`rjtf. 4 Cf suphrhstru`turf mhc tjpe mh thxte hs`ekjme (sjcuhtf, hsquhof tjpecðkj`e) 0 Hch``jelhs Hch``jelhs prepjf prepjfss mh cf hlul`jf` hlul`jf`jðl jðl y su `ebhrhl`jf ,of ,ofss etres fsph`t fsph`tes es mh cf krfoætj`f thxtufc ( sustjtutes ,lhxes ,`ebhrhl`jf y phrtjlhl`jf shoæltj`fs) = Ijlfcjzflme ce quh quhmf per bf`hr hl krfoætj`f erf`jelfc y oeriecekïf vhrdfc (`elgukf`jðl) 8 @errh``jðl ertekræij`f. Hc edghtjve edghtjve hs quh hc ljöe ie`fcj` ie`fcj`hh cf fthl`jðl hl `fmf if ifsh sh ,hste ce fyumf f mhsfr mhsfrreccfr reccfr cf `fpf`jmfm mh fjscfr vf vfrjfdchs rjfdchs y ghrfrqujzfr ed edghtjves ghtjves ,`eophthl`jfs quh mhdh fmqujrjr . Hsth tjpe mh hstrfthkjfs ifverh`h quh êc `elstruyf ulf hstrfthkjf mh premu``jðl hl cukfr mh cjojtfrsh f ulf fteojzf`jðl mh fmqujsj`jelhs pe`e ephrf`jelfchs. ^rjl`jpfchs ifshs mh ces oðmuces mh fprhlmjzfgh Dfshs mh ul oemuce mh fprhlmjzfgh ^frf ces ljöes ul mhsfiïe mhsfiïe rhfc, cchkfræ f têrojle sj tjhlh sjkljij`fme, sj sh jls`rjdh hl hc ppulte ulte mh hl`uhltre mh trhs tjpes mh preyh`tes. 6 ^reyh`te mh `urse (vfoes f bf`hr) 4 ^reyh`te ^reyh`te mh hs`r hs`rjtu jturf rf quh lf`h mhc flt flthrj hrjer er (pfrf (pfrf hste vfoe vfoess f bf` bf`hr hr ul fij`bh fij`bh e ul jlieroh) 0 ^reyh`te mh fprhlmjzfgh quh shf hxpcï`jte pfrf temes (vfoes f fprevh`bfr pfrf fprhlmhr f bf`hr ul fij`bh, ul jlieroh ,ht`.) le sðce hc preihser mhdh sfdhr. ^frf hc preihser ,ulf prhpfrf`jðl rjkuresf, ojlu`jesf mhc oðmuce ,fyumfme per cf trfof. ^rh`jsfr hc `elthxte y ces pfræohtres mh cf sjtuf`jðl mh premu``jðl Hs jlmjsphlsf jlmjsphlsfdch dch hl cf htfp htfpff jlj`jfc, pprh`jsf rh`jsfrr `elthxt `elthxtee y pfræoh pfræohtres tres (f qujhl oh mj mjrjge rjge ,per quê) Mhstjlftfrje y rhcf`jelhs mh pfrjmfm e le `el hc hlul`jfmer - stftus mhc hhlul`jfmer lul`jfmer - prepðsjte mhc hs`rjte hs`rjte quh sh vf f premu`jr- mh mhsfiïe sfiïe mh cf hs`rjt hs`rjturf urf quh sh vf f premu`jr ‐ `elthljm `elthljme e hxf`te mhc jlthr`fodje. Hs lh`hsfrje ifverh`hr ifverh`hr hc jlthr`fodje erfc cjdrh hltrh ces ljöes Thfcjzfr Thfcjz fr hl `elgult `elgultee hc jl jlvhltf vhltfrje rje mh hstes pfræo pfræohtres htres ,hl iierof erof mh ``ufmre ufmre rhsuo rhsuohl hl mh prhkultfs pfrf bf`hrsh flths mh hs`rjdjr. Ph `ece`f hsth jlvhltfrje jlvhltfrje hl hc oure y e hl ulf begf ouctj`epjfmf quh jrf hl cf `frphtf mhc oemuce. ^rjohr jlstruohlte quh sh hcfderf hl `elgulte. Hstf shsjðl hstf `hltrfmf hl ces pfræohtres mh cf sjtuf`jðl y le hl cfs `frf` `frf`thrïstj thrïstj`fs `fs
quh puhmhl mhsprhlmhrsh pfrf hc thxte ojsoe.
^rjohrf hs`rjturf
Le hs ul derrfmer . Cfs prjohrfs prjohrfs hs`rjtur hs`rjturfs fs sel hsdezes `eopc `eopchtes. htes. Hl ierof jlmjvj jlmjvjmufc mufc yf quh hs`rjdjr hs ulf hstrft hst rfthkj hkjff ph phrse rselfc lfc,, ul pre pre`hs `hsee `eo `eopch pchge ge quh vjl vjl`uc `ucff fsph fsph`te `tess phrse phrselfc lfchs hs `eo `eoee cf rhprhshltf`jðl ,cf ohoerjf ,cf fih`tjvjmfm, cf jofkjlf`jðl ,ht`. Cf hs`rjturf hs`rjturf jlmjvjmufc ifve ifverh`h rh`h quh `fmf ljöe shpf melmh sh hl`uhltrf hl hsth fprhlmjzfgh fprhlmjzfgh ,thlhr rhihrhl`jf sedrh sus fmqujsj`jelhs y sus prekrhses, futehvfcufrsh. Ch phrojth per ohm ohmje je mh cf ``elireltf`jðl elireltf`jðl `el sus `e `eopföhres opföhres bf`hr ul jlvhltfrje sjopch mhc tjpe (ye bj`h e ye push ye ecvjmh e le phlsê) Pjrvh pfrf hc preihser pfrf sfdhr hl quh ljvhc sh hl`uhltrf `fmf ljöe fc jlj`je mh ul oemuce mh fprhlmjzfgh ,fgustfr ,fgustfr hc mhsf mhsfrrecce rrecce mhc oemuce f cfs fmqujsj`jelhs y cfs `frhl`jfs qu quhh ch rhvhcf su flæcjsjs phrselfc mh cfs prjohrfs hs`rjturfs @elireltf`jelh @elireltf` jelhss pfrf m mhspr hsprhlmhr hlmhr cfs `f `frf`t rf`thrïst hrïstj`fs j`fs kcedf kcedfchs chs mh u ul l tjpe m mh h thxte. Hstf ifsh sh `hltrf hl mes ljvhchs mh flæcjsjs mhc thxte `elsjmhrfme `eoe ulf kcedfcjmfm 6 Cf suphrhstru`turf 4 Ces fsph`t fsph`tes es ofs fp fpfrh frhlths lths mh cf krfoæ krfoætj`f tj`f th thxtuf xtufc7c7 cfs ep ep`je `jelhs lhs hlu hlul`j l`jftj ftjvfs vfs y su `ebhrhl`jf
cfs ep`jelhs y cf `ebhrhl`jf shoæltj`f. @elireltf`jðl hltrh cfs prjohrfs hs`rjturfs mh cf `cfsh Fpultf f cf d÷squhmf mh ce quh hs shohgflth hl cfs prjohrfs hs`rjturfs y perquh, mh ce quh le hs shohgflth y per quê. Cfs oemfcjmfmhs mh `elireltf`jðl vfl mhsmh cf mjs`usjðl `ech`tjvf , f cf hvfcuf`jðl hl phquhö phq uhöes es kr krupe upess mhc tthxt hxtee mh ul ``eop eopföh föhre re f cf ffyum yumff mh ul ulff ij` ij`bf bf ku kuïf ïf mf mfmf mf pe perr hc preihser.
@elireltf`jðl `el ces hs`rjtes hs`rjtes se`jfchs7 chhr pfrf hs`rjdjr hs`rjdjr (shch``jðl mh fsph`tes rhcf`jelfmes `el cf hlul`jf`jðl) Mhsprhlmhr mh ces thxtes hxjsthlths ces sh`rhtes mh su hsph`jij`jmfm y mh su iul`jelfojhlte
µ`ðoe sh prhshltfl5 µ`ðoe hstæl rhfcjzfmes5 Hste sjrvh pfrf `cf `cfsjij`fr sjij`fr y sjsthoftjzfr sus prepjfs premu``jelhs. Jl Jlst stru ruoh ohlt ltes es pf pfrf rf iero ierofc fcjz jzfr fr (j (jls lstr truo uohl hlte tess mh ie iero rofc fcjz jzf` f`jð jðl l mh cf suphrhstru`turf) Ph utjcjzf 6 Cf sjcuhtf mh ul thxte 4 Hc hsquhof tjpecðkj`e (`jhrrh, jlj`je, prekrhsjðl) 0 Cfs htjquhtfs htjquhtfs quh `errhsp `errhspelmhl elmhl fc `elthlj `elthljme me shoæltj shoæltj`f `f mh ces dcequhs mh thxte ( hl ulf `frtf mh secj`jtum sh hl`uhltrf ulf htjquhtf –mjrh``jðl‟ frrjdf y f cf jzqujhrmf
6. Thhs`rjturfs 7hs`rjdjr hs ul trfdfge Cfs rhhs`rjturf rhhs`rjturfss le sel rh`epj rh`epjfgh, fgh, `fmf htf htfpf pf tjhlh ul sjkljij sjkljij`fme `fme y phrojt phrojthh rhkjstrf rhkjstrfrr ces prekrhses prekrh ses ppfse fse f pfse mh su prepj prepjee fprh fprhlmjzf lmjzfgh gh (hs ÷tjc quh ut utjcj`hl jcj`hl `errh` `errh`terhs terhs cïqujmes cïqujmes e htjquhtfs, hc oeltfgh mh trezes per `eccfkh mhdhrïf shr shr jlj`jfme hl cfs `cfshs)
4. F`tjvjmfmhs mh sjsthoftjzf`jðl cjlkóïstj`f Hc trfdfge trftfrf mmhh ces7 Oemes mh iul`jelfojhlte kcedfc mhc thxte (pfrf ulf lfrrf`jðl) HG7 hc lfrrfmer `el rhcf`jðl fc hlul`jfmer, hc mjfceke fc jlthrjer mh cf lfrrf`jðl Pedrh fsph`tes mh krfoætj`f HG7 cfs pesjdjcjmfmhs mh sustjtutes, ces lhxes, ces tjhopes vhrdfchs, ht`. Pedrh fsph`tes chxj`fchs Hg7 hc ve`fducfrje mh cf secj`jtum, e hc mh cf `jhl`jf ij``jðl (pfrf cf levhcf `ertf) Pedrh cf oeriecekïf vhrdfc HG7 hc prhtêrjte jlmhijljme mh ces vhrdes ofs irh`uhlths hl cfs c fs lfrrf`jelhs Pedrh fsph`tes mh ertekrfiïf HG7 Cfs throjlf`jelhs mh ces vhrdes 0. ^remu``jðl ijlfc7 ijlfc7 ofquhtf y edrf ofhst ofhstrf rf Pjkljij`f ulf `el`hp`jðl hl mes tjhopes Cf ofquhtf ×ctjof htfpf Thsphtf hc `elterle `elterle mhijljme per cf sjcuhtf mhc thxte @eltjhlh hc uctjoe hstfme mh cfs rhhs`rjturfs, `el temfs cfs fmj`jelhs, y rh`tjij`f`jelhs Ph bf`h cf uctjof cjopjhzf ertekræij`f Hs hc oeohlte mh ces prjohres ch`terhs, yf quh sh chh hltrh `eopföhres y preihser Cf edrf ofhstrf Oeohlte mh ofyer pcf`hr y hoe`jðl mh pcfsofr ce rhfcjzfme sedrh hc pfphc. @fmf ljöe sh bf`h `frke hl ierof jlthkrfc jlthkrfc mh temes ces ljvhchs mh thxtu thxtufcjzf fcjzf`jðl, `jðl, per hse hc bjl`fpjê hl quh cf premu``jðl ijlfc shf jlmjvjmufc. Hs lh`hsfrje se`jfcjzfr temfs cfs premu``jelhs (æcduohs, rh`epjcf`jelhs, oeltfghs, ht`.) =. Hvfcuf`jelhs Bfy hvfcuf`jelhs pfr`jfchs murflth hc mhsfrrecce mhc oemuce, phre sjhoprh bf mh bfdhr ulf ijlfc Xlf hvfcuf`jðl prfkoætj`f - Cf quh bf`hl ces `eopföhres, flths mh sfcjr f `ece`fr ul fij`bh f ul lhke`je e mh cfs `frtfs `uflme bfy quh quh shch``jelfr ulf quh sh hlvjfrf (thxtes iul`jelfchs) - Hc ihhm - df`a mhc mhstjlftfrje Xlf hvfcuf`jðl sjsthoætj`f - Cf mh `fmf `fmf ljöe hs`rjter puhmh futehvfcufrsh hl mes oeohltes, cf mh su premu``jðl ijlfc hl rhcf`j rhcf`jðl ðl f cf ij`bf mh prep prepðsjt ðsjtes es y `rjthr `rjthrjes jes pfu pfutfm tfmes es hl ul prjoh prjohrr oeohl oeohlte te y cf mh ces prekrhses edshrvfmes hltrh cf prjohrf hs`rjturf y su edrf ofhstrf. - Cf mhc me`hlth hl ierof kcedfc e phrselfcjzfmf mh cfs premu``jelhs, mh ces prekrhses y mh ce quh quhmf per bf`hr. 8.@frphtfs pfrf ces oðmuces fprhlmjzfgh Pel fr`bjvfmerhs, `eltjhlhl fc mh ohles mes premu``jelhs prepjfs, prjohrf hs`rjturf y edrf ofhstrf
]emes ces jlstruohltes hcfderfmes murflth hc oemuce7 sjcuhtf, hsquhof, `ufmres, rhs÷o rhs÷ohlhs, hlhs, ij`bfs mh hvfcuf`jðl Ces hs`rjtes se`jfchs quh sh bfl edshrvfme, e iete`epjfs mh hcces. Hstes fr`bjves sh hlrjquh`hl f ce cfrke mh cf hs`ecfrjmfm, perquh `eltjhlhl temes ces hs`rjtes quh sh vfl rhfcjzflme y eirh`hl hc `eltrfsth `el ces prjohres oðmuces. 9. Thutjcjzf`jðl y trflsihrhl`jf Hc throjlfr ul oemuce oemuce mh fprhlmjzfgh le jopcj`f quh mmhdf hdf `elsjmhrærshce `hrrfme. Eirh`hl cf pesjdjcjmfm pesjdj cjmfm mh rhteo rhteofrce frce hl e`fsjelh e`fsjelhss mh hs`rjdjr thxte thxtess flæcekes e `hr`fl `hr`fles, es, `el luhvfs vfrjfd vfr jfdchs chs quh hx hxjgf jgfll trfls trflsihr ihrjr jr ces fpr fprhlm hlmjzf jzfghs ghs rhfcjz rhfcjzfme fmess y vhr vhrjij jij`fr `fr cf secjmhz secjmhz mh cf cfs s fmqujsj`jelhs rhfcjzfmfs. Pel rhteofmes hl ces föes sjkujhlths pfrf `eopchgjzfr y preiulmjzfr fsph`tes luhves mhc tjpe mh thxte hl `uhstjðl. ;.@eltrfsths h Jlthrihrhl`jfs Ces ofhstres e preihserhs, tjhlhl tetfc cjdhrtfm pfrf cf erkfljzf`jðl mh ces oðmuces mh fprhlm fpr hlmjzf jzfgh, gh, pfrf sjtuf sjtufrr ule uless `el rhsph rhsph`te `te f etres, etres, hste ch phr phrojt ojthh bf` bf`hr hr jlthrvhljr jlthrvhljr mes ihlðohles quh sh bf` bf`hl hl hvjmhlths hl cfs `cfshs Ces ihlðohles mh `eltrfsth e shf hl quh mjijhrh ul oemuce mhc flthrjer flthrj er
Ces ihlðohles mh jlthrihrhl`jfs e sh shff qu quhh tjh tjhlhl lhl hhll `e `eo÷l o÷l uull jli jlieroh eroh y ulf rhkcf mh guhk rhkcf guhkee e melmh hst hstæl æl hc tre trel`e l`e `eo `eo÷l ÷l y cfs mji mjihrh hrhl`jf l`jfss hlt hltrh rh ulf `frtf `frtf secj`jtum y ulf `frtf mh fkrfmh`jojhlte. Hc guhke mh shohgflzfs/mjihrhl`jfs shohgflzfs/mjihrhl`jfs hltrh ces mjstjltes tjpes mh hs`rjtes phrojth rhierzfr rhierzfr hl ces ljöes tflte hc `ele`jojhlte quh tjhlhl tjhl hl mh `fmf tjpe mh thxte `eoe su `rhftjvjmfm.
HP@TJDH@XHL]EP. CHHT ^FTF HP@TJDJT Pfrf Ohckfr y Pjcvjf Kelzæchz. Hm. Afphcusz Lj –oj ofoæ mh ojof‟ lj –hs`rjdï `eoe th pfrhz`f‟. µ@ðoe trfdfgfr thxtes `eopchtes `el ljöes quh temfvïf le sfdhl chhr5 @el`hdjr fc fcuole `eoe erkfljzfmer f`tjve y `eopreohtjme mh ces jlsuoes cjlkóïstj`es, le cjlkóïstj`es y `eoulj`ftjves quh rh`jdh `eltjlufohlth, pfrtjhlme mh chhr y hs`rjdjr f pfrtjr mh thxtes `eopchtes, sh`uhl`jfmes tflte hl cf jofkhl `eoe hl cf pfcfdrf, djhl hstru`turfmes, hl thxtes hs`rjtes, `el temes sus sjkles mh pultuf`jðl y `errh`tf ertekrfiïf, fmhoæs mh cfs krfiïfs `elvhl`jelfchs Vuh fprhlmfl f hs`rjdjr trflsieroælmesh hl f`tjves hxpcerfmerhs mh cfs oæs vfrjfmfs ofr`fs thxtufchs, cjlkóïstj`fs y le cjlkóïstj`fs. Mhspchkflme hstrfthkjfs mh rhsecu`jðl mh predchofs shojðtj`es, cjlkóïstj`es y `eoulj`ftjves, prepeljhlme bjpðthsjs mh secu`jðl, vhrjij`ælmecfs gulte `el sus `eopföhres. Hstfdch`jhlme fsï ulf rhcf`jð rhcf`jðll khl khlujl ujlff `el cfs vhrmf vhrmfmhr mhrfs fs uljmf uljmfmhs mhs mh `eo `eoulj` ulj`f`j f`jðl ðl quh `jr `jr`ucf `ucfll hl cf se`jhmfm.
Ifverh`jhlme f ces ofhstres ofhstres hl cf fprep fprepjf`jðl jf`jðl mh ohtemecðkj`fs rhlevfmfs ppfrf frf trfdfgfr `el cf `rhftjvjmfm jlifltjc. Hs`rjdh`uhltes hs ul `elgulte mh trhs `uhltes lfrrfmes f trfvês mh cf jlthrphcf`jðl hltrh thxte h joækhlhs. @eltjhlh ulf pertfmjccf pfrf mjdugfr y pelhr su leodrh Fc ijlfc `eltjhlh begfs hl dcfl`e melmh puhmhl mjdugfr y hs`rjdjr hl ierof jlmjvjmufc (hs`rjdjr ulf hs`hlf jlvhltfmf mh f`uhrme f ulf `elsjklf, cfs hs`hlfs sh `uhckfl hl ulf dflmf hl hc fucf) e `ech `ech`tjvf `tjvfss jlvhlt jlvhltfl fl hltr hltrhh tem temes es ulf bj bjsterjf sterjf hl phq phquhöes uhöes krupe y cuhke sh gu gultfl ltfl hltrh temes y vuhcvhl f rh`rhfr etrf bjsterjf bjsterj f `ech`tjvf hltrh cfs prjohrfs premu``jelhs. @eltjhlhl pfkjlfs `el ve`fducfrjes mh `fmf `uhlte pfrf rh`ertfr y phkfr, sjrvhl pfrf mjvhrsfs f`tjvjmfmhs f`tjv jmfmhs (frofr hsihrfs shoæltj`f shoæltj`fs, s, ermhlf ermhlfrr fcifd fcifdêtj`f êtj`fohlth) ohlth) Hc ljöe quh hopjhz hopjhzff y sfdh hs`rjdjr fprhlmh ul ve`fducfrje kræij`e, ulf ohoerjf mh pfcfdrfs hs`rjtfs, `eoe peshh ul ve`fducfrje yf erfc hl su ohoerjf. Ph sukjhrh quh jopchohlthl ulf cjdrhtf mj``jelfrje `el jlj`jfchs per chtrf, pfrf fletfr ce fprhlmjme y su sjkljij`fme.
Hl`ufmrh thðrj`e y Ohtemecekïf mh Hs`rjdh`uhltes. Cfs jlthrf``jelhs se`jfchs sel cfs quh `eltrjduyhl fc mhsfrrecce mh cfs iul`jelhs ohltfchs suphrjerhs Hltrh ces bh`bes bh`bes sh mhstf`f cf ch`turf y cf hs`u`bf mh rhcftes, rhcftes, cfs lfrrf`jelhs lfrrf`jelhs `eltrjdu `eltrjduyhl yhl fc mhsfrr mhs frrecce ecce `ek `ekljtj ljtjve, ve, phr phrojt ojtjhl jhlme me `eo `eoprh prhlmh lmhrr pre pre`hs `hses, es, rhc rhcf`j f`jelh elhss cðk cðkj`f j`fs, s, `el `elmu` mu`tfs tfs y `elicj`tes mh oflhrf f``hsjdch pfrf su rh`uphrf`jðl. ^hre cf sjopch ch`turf mh `uhltes le kfrfltjzf cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl lj cf `eoprhlsjðl ch`terf. Bfy sjsthofs sjodðcj`es prhmeojlflthohlth mjs`ursjves y sh`uhl`jfchs `eoe hc chlkufgh, `fmf uljmfm tjhlh ul sjkljij`fme y cf `eodjlfterjf cchvf fc fc sjkljij`fme mh cf tetfcjmfm y bfy sjsthofs prhmeojlflthohlth rhprhshltftjves e sjouctælhes `eoe cf pjlturf, quh mhdhl fprhbhlmhrsh `eoe ulf tetfcjmfm Ph tjhlhl tjhlhl quh teo teofr fr hl `uhlt `uhltff hstfs me mess `cfsh `cfshss mh sïod sïodeces eces hl hc mhs mhsfrrecc frreccee jlifltj jlifltjc,c, cfs ierofs ierofs hl quh sh jlt jlthr` hr`elh elh`tf `tfll y `eoe `eltrj `eltrjduy duyhl hl f ierofr ierofr ul ch`te ch`terr `eo `eopch pchte te mh ces ohlsfghs vhrdfchs y le vhrdfchs. Hs`rjdh`uhltes prepelh ul rhijlfme trfdfge `el cf jofkhl Ph pethl`jf pethl`jf cf rhcf` rhcf`jðl jðl hltrh jofkh jofkhll y `uhlte `uhlte,, hl f`tjv f`tjvjmfmhs jmfmhs ssh`uhl` h`uhl`jfmfs jfmfs mmhh prhch` prhch`turf, turf, ch`turf y pesch`turf. Fsï ces fcuoles ieroucfl fltj`jpf`jelhs f`hr`f mhc rhcfte, hxpcerfl hc thxte, chhl, hs`rjdhl y vuhcvhl f cf jofkhl pfrf edthlh vuhcvhl edthlhr, r, dus`fr ofs mftes, ofs pesjdj pesjdjcjmfm cjmfmhs hs hxprhsjvf hxprhsjvfss quh cuhke vec`frfl hl pfcfdrfs ]hxte h jofkhl ul `eode ftrfpflth pfrf `eohlzfr `el thxtes `eopchtes.
Cf uljmfm mh trfdfge hs hc DCEVXH MH ]TFDFGE E ]FTHF. Ou`bfs shsjelhs mh trfdfge `ertfs h jlthlsfs y le ulf secf cfrkf, sh `uopchl hl hc fucf y `el cf kuïf mhc me`hlth, sel sh`uhl`jfs mh hlshöflzf @fmf dcequh edcjkf f ces ljöes f edshrvfr y dus`fr hl hc `uhlte ulf y etrf vhz, hxpcerfl `f `fmf mf `uhlte per ce ohles 6> vh`hs Cf kfccjljtf `ecerfmf (`uhlte pepucfr) ^rjohr Dcequh f- Mhs` Mhs`ud udrjo rjojh jhlt ltee mh mhcc tjtjtuc tuce e Ph chs prhshltf y fltj`jpf êc tjtuce, ces ljöes ieroucfl bjpðthsjs f`hr`f mmhh cfs pfcfdrfs. Ph chs pjmh quh mjdughl cf kfccjljtf `eoe cf jofkjlfl d- Jc Jcuustrf strf`j `jel elhs hs Ph prhshltfl cfs joækhlhs oæs sjkljij`ftjvfs, sh fmvjhrth cf fushl`jf mh ulf vhrmfmhrf bjsterjf `uflme `uf lme cfs ojrfl shpf shpfrfm rfmfoh fohlth lth y cf prhsh prhshl`jf l`jf mh cf bjste bjsterjf rjf `uf `uflme lme rh`elstr rh`elstruyh uyhll cfs sh`uhl`jfs Hc me`hlth trftf mh mh quh rhpfrhl hl temes ces mhtfcchs, cfs rhcf`jelhs, `elicj`tes, cfs htfpfs mh cf lfrrf`jðl, cf rhsecu`jðl Ph pjmh quh ierouchl hc `uhlte hl ierof erfc, sjkujhlme cfs cfojlfs, sh cfs `eohltf y hs jopertflth krfdfr cfs lfrrf`jelhs mh ces fcuoles. Phkulme dcequh mh trfdfge f- Cf ch`tur urff Chhr mes e trhs vh`hs hc `uhlte erjkjlfc f ces ljöes. @eohltfrce y `eopfrfrce `el ces `uhltes lfrrfmes f pfrtjr mh cf jofkhl Bf`hr quh ce rhlfrrhl luhvfohlth fberf f pfrtjr mhc hs`rjte pfrf quh rh`uphrhl cf sh`uhl`jf t ermhl mh ces bh`bes, hc `elicj`te y cf secu`jðl Jmhltjijquhl f ces phrselfghs y sus fmghtjves quh ces `frf`thrjzfl (kfccjlf `ecerfmf, kfte merojcðl, phrre ofl`bfme) Thpremuz`fl cfs ieroucfs (qujhl pcfltfrf/`ertfrf5 Ze le /ye lul`f / ye gfoæs...) Thpremuz`fl cf hltelf`jðl sjkljij`ftjvf Mh hsth dcequh, ces ljöes `elijrofrel e mjs`elijrofrel sus bjpðthsjs mh ch`turf Ijgfre Ijgfrell hc ve`f ve`fduc ducfrj frjee hl hc pcfle erf erfcc y rh`up rh`uphrf hrfll cfs ieroucf ieroucfss quh `fr `frf`t f`thrjz hrjzfl fl f ces phrselfghs. ]hr`hr dcequh Hs`rjdjr hltrh temes hl hl hc pjzfrrðl cf cjstf mh phrselfghs, dus`fr ces leodrhs mh ces fljofchs, vhr `ufltfs vh`hs fpfrh`h `fmf ule. Dus`fr ces leodrhs mh ces phrselfghs hl hc ve`fducfrje, rh`ertfrces, pelhrces hl hc ccfvhre, bf`hr ul mjduge mh `fmf ule hl cfs begfs mhc ajt `el ielme y pelhrchs ces leodrhs Mh hsth dcequh surkhl cfs prjohrfs hxpcerf`jelhs pfrf cf hs`rjturf y cf ch`turf @ufrte dcequh Thichxjelfr sedrh cf jopertfl`jf mhc mhc mjæceke (cf kfccjljtf prhkultf ces fljofchs rhspelmhl).
Dus`fr ces sjkles hl hc `uhlte quh `frf`thrjzfl `frf`thrjzfl hc mjfceke, hl`hrrfrces `el `ecer, fletfr hl hc pjzfrrðl y `epjfrces hl hc `ufmhrle. Hl hc `uhlte `uhlte mh ces `b `bj`es j`es dus`f dus`frr cf cfojl cfojlff melmh `e `errhspe rrhspelmh lmh pelh pelhrr (mjge hc ppfte, fte, mjge hhc c phrre) puhmhl phkfr mhc ve`fducfrje e jlthltfr hs`rjdjrcfs. Vujlte dcequh Ces phrselfghs rhpjthl irfshs e ieroucfs, vhr `ufltfs vh`hs fpfrh`hl hl hc `uhlte, `uhl te, `epjfrcfs hl hc `ufmhrle. Jltremu`jr ulf luhvf sjtuf`jðl ,pfrf quh trflsijhrfl ce fprhlmjme f ulf luhvf sjtuf`jðl, hltrh temes prepelhr `eoe sh hs`rjdhl cfs luhvfs pfcfdrfs. Phxte dcequh Jmhltjij`fr cfs f``jelhs hl hc `uhlte, hl`hrrfr ces vhrdes `el `ecer. @eopelhr drhvhs erf`jelhs, pfrf trfdfgfr cf `eopesj`jðl mh irfshs. Pêptjoe dcequh Jmhltjij`fr irfshs quh ofr`fl hc pfse mhc tjhope, `epjfr cfs irfshs, rhfrofr cfs erf`jelhs hl krupe, `eltrecfr hltrh temes. Ph trfdfgfl cf jl`cusjðl mh mftes e `jr`ulstfl`jfs mh tjhope. E`tfve dcequh Fkrupfr cfs pfcfdrfs fprhlmjmfs hl leodrhs mh fljofchs, `ufcjmfmhs, quh bf`hl, cukfrhs, edghtes. Fquï sh trfdfgf cf `cfsjij`f`jðl, rh`ele`hr fckulfs iu iul`jelhs. l`jelhs. Hcfderf`jðl mhc cêxj`e mhc `uhlte (sel `elthljmes). Levhle dcequh Xtjcjzflme hc ve`fducfrje. 6- Dus Dus`fr `fr ïlmj ïlmj`hs `hs `eo `eoulhs ulhs (pf (pfcfd cfdrfs rfs quh hopj hopjhzf hzfll jkufc, quh tjhl tjhlhl hl hc ojs ojsoe oe luohr luohree mh chtrfs, hc ojsoe l÷ohre mh sïcfdfs. 4- Bf` Bf`hr hr `ec `ech`` h``jelh jelhss (du (dus`f s`frr cfs pfc pfcfdr fdrfs fs quh se sell leod leodrhs rhs mh ffljof ljofchs, chs, ccfs fs quh tjtjhlh hlhl l tfltfs chtrfs, cfs quh hopjhzfl `el ulf chtrf mhthrojlfmf, cfs quh tjhlhl mes sïcfdfs. Ph trfdfgf cf jl`erperf`jðl mhc ve`fducfrje fc rhphrterje phrselfc. Mê`joe dcequh @el cfs pfcfdrfs mhc mj``jelfrje bf`hr ul `uhlte prepje Fsï sh trflsijhrh teme ce fprhlmjme f ulf luhvf premu``jðl Edshrvf`jelhs ]emfs cfs f`tjvjmfmhs sh bf`hl hl `cfsh, `el cf kuïf mhc me`hlth cf `eephrf`jðl mhc krupe mh pfrhs ]emes tjhlhl quh chhr y hs`rjdjr Yhrjij`fr hltrh temes `eoe sh hs`rjdhl cfs pfcfdrfs, sh fyumfl per per ohmje mhc leodrh mh hcces ojsoes, `el cfs pfcfdrfs mhc `uhlte u etres hghopces fpertfmes per hc me`hlth Yhrjij`fr quh bfyf shpfrf`jðl hltrh cfs pfcfdrfs
Fletfr hc ofhstre mes vhrsjelhs mh pfcfdrfs, joprhltf tjpekræij`f y `ursjvf `ursjvf Hvfcuf`jðl Bfstf hc qujlte dcequh, hxpcerfrel hc pfrfthxte y hc thxte, bf`jhlme sus prjohrfs hs`rjturfs, hste phrojth fc me`hlth hvfcufr hc pre`hse mh fprhlmjzfgh, hs ul dcequh quh puhmh shr ule ofs e phrojth rhfcjzfr uulf lf prjohrf hvfcuf`jðl mh premu`te. Ph ch `eohltf f ces ljöes, pfrf quh chs quhmh `cfre ce quh tjhlhl quh bf`hr. Ph rhfcjzf per ohmje mh ulf `elsjklf. Xsfr hc `uhlte pfrf rh`ermfr `eoe sh hs`rjdhl cfs pfcfdrfs f oeme mh pruhdf pruhdf mh cjdre fdjhrte. Hl hc levhle dcequh sh puhmh mjshöfr ulf hvfcuf`jðl mh premu`te . @el ul `elgulte mh cfs pfcfdrfs mhc ve`fducfrje jlmj`fmfs per hc me`hlth7 6. Dus`f Dus`frr ïlmj`hs `eoulhs (pf (pfcfdrfs cfdrfs quh hopj hopjhzfl hzfl jkufc, ojs ojsoe oe luohre mh chtrfs, ojso ojsoe e luohre mh sïcfdfs) 4. Bf` Bf`hr hr `ech` `ech``je `jelhs lhs (dus (dus`fr `fr cfs quh sel leodr leodrhs hs mh flj fljofc ofchs, hs, cfs quh tjhlh tjhlhll `uf `uftre tre chtr chtrfs fs (phrre, kfte), cfs quh hopjhzfl `el mhthrojlfmf chtrf hltrh cfs quh tjhlhl mes sïcfdfs (pfte, phrre) Ces `bj`es trflsijhrhl ce fprhlmjme f ulf luhvf sjtuf`jðl. Mhspuês mh teme hsth trfdfge trfdfge ful ces quh le sfdïfl chhr lj hs`rjdjr sh bfl `eopertfme `eoe ch`terhs y hs`rjterhs perquh Phch``jelfrel, thxtes, cfs joækhlhs y ces hs`rjtes quh lh`hsjtfl Dus`fl rhspuhstfs f cfs prhkultfs quh tjhlhl Hcfderfrel bjpðthsjs sedrh su `ele`jojhlte mh oulme ofs cfs dfsfmfs hl su `ele`jojhlte mh cf jofkhl y hl ierof jl`jpjhlth sedrh ce hs`rjte Jmhltjij`fl joækhlhs y pfcfdrfs pfcfdrfs pfrf `elstrujr ul shltjme, utjcjzfl pjstfs le cjlkóïstj`fs cjlkóïstj`fs y cjlkóïstj`fs Hstfdch`hl rhcf`jelhs hltrh su ch`turf y etrfs Fltj`jpfl ce quh su`hmhræ f pfrtjr mh ce quh `eoprhlmhl @elireltfl su pulte mh vjstf `el ce quh pcflthf hc `uhlte @eopfrfl hsf hs`rjturf `el etres hs`rjtes
Dus`fl pfcfdrfs, jlthltfl sus prjohrfs vhrsjelhs hl derrfmer, cfs mjs`uthl, `eohltfl Thbf`hl y ohgerfl hc thxte vfrjfs vh`hs ]jhlhl rfzelhs pfrf chhr y hs`rjdjr, ul cukfr `eoe ch`terhs y hs`rjterhs, mfme per hc me`hlth y per cf `fcjmfm `fcjmfm mhc ofthrjfc `el quh trfdfgfl quh gustjij`fl hstfs f`tjvjmfmhs.
µVuê bf`h hc me`hlth `eoe erkfljzfmer mh cf sh`uhl`jf mh hlshöflzf y kuïf mh ces fprhlmjzfghs5 Mjstrjduyh hc tjhope mh trfdfge (mh (mh 68 f 48 ojlutes) ^rjvjchkjf hc mjæceke hlth êc y ces ffcuoles cuoles y hltrh hcces pfrf jr `elstruyhlme hc `ele`jojhlte Fyumf f ces fcuoles fcuoles f jlthrrekfr hc thxte Fsï ces fcuoles mhsfrreccfl hstrfthkjfs cjlkóïstj`fs y `ekljtjvfs mh ch`turf pfrf fc`flzfr su `eoprh `eo prhlsj lsjðl. ðl. Jl`cuy Jl`cuyhh ojr ojrfr fr fth fthltf ltfohl ohlth th cfs cfojl cfojlfs fs y ces thxt thxtes es pfr pfrff hxt hxtrfh rfhrr cf ofyer `fltjmfm mh mftes
6- Cf sh`uhl`jf lfrrftjvf (quê su`hmh, hltrh qujêlhs, mðlmh, `uælme, `ðoe throjlf) 4- ^hrselfghs (hmfm, f`tjtumhs, jlthl`jelhs, rfskes, vhstjohltf, rhcf`jelhs hltrh hcces) 0- Fodjh Fodjhlth lth (leo (leodrhs drhs mh ed edghtes, ghtes, su ud udj`f`jð j`f`jðll rhcftjvf rhcftjvf ‐fmhcf ‐fmhcflth lth - ftræs ftræs,, su tfof tfoföe, öe, ierof, `ecer, pesjdchs ecerhs =- ^fse mhc tjhope y `fodjes mh cukfr (`eoe les mfoes `uhltf) 8- Phltjojhltes (`eoe les mfoes `uhltf)
@elmu`h hc pre`hse mh hlshöflzf mh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf ^repelh cf rhlfrrf`jðl mhc `uhlte. Krfdf cfs rhlfrrf`jelhs, bf`jhlme edshrvfr cekres y mjij`uctfmhs. Fyumf hl cf d÷squhmf mh tïtuces sjkljij`ftjves. Fletf pfcfdrfs `cfvhs. Erjhltf cf d÷squhmf hl hc ve`fducfrje. Fyumf f frofr irfshs. Ieohltf f`tjvjmfmhs `el cfs pfcfdrfs pfcfdrfs quh rh`ertfl mhc `uhlte. Cf prepuhstf mh hs`rjdh`uhltes hs`rjdh`uhltes y ces `elthljmes dæsj`es `eo `eoulhs ulhs mhc ljvhc jlj`jfc y hc prjohr `j`ce mh cf HKD Chlkuf Erfc Hc chlkufgh erfc hl cfs rhcf`jelhs se`jfchs Lfrrf`jðl/rhlfrrf`jðl Chlkuf Hs`rjtf @frf`thrïstj`fs mh ces mjihrhlths pertfmerhs mh thxte(cjdres, mjfrjes, fij`bhs, rhvjstfs). r hvjstfs). Iul`jelhs mh cf chlkuf erfc y hs`rjtf (shohgflzfs y mjihrhl`jfs). Iul`jelhs se`jfchs mh cf ch`turf y hs`rjturf. Jlthrprhtfr thxtes Jmhltjij`f`jðl mh cf sh`uhl`jf cðkj`f y e `relecðkj`f mh ul `uhlte e ulf letj`jf. @eoprhlsjðl mh cfs sjtuf`jelhs prjl`jpfchs. Fltj`jpfr hc `elthljme mh ul thxte f pfrtjr mhc ierofte mhc pertfmer. ^remu``jðl hs`rjtf ^remu``jðl mh mjihrhlths tjpes mh thxte, hxpcerflme ierofs mh `ebhrhl`jf shoæltj`f y `ebhsjðl hltrh sus pfrths. ^rjohr `j`ce 77 Pepert Pep erths hs y per pertfm tfmerh erhss mh thx thxtes tes `etjmj `etjmjfle fles, s, jls jlstruo truohltf hltfchs chs y erk erkfljz fljzftj ftjves ves (ht (htjqu jquhtf htf,, `fchlmfrje mjfkrfof, pfltfccf) Cjdres ^frfthxte (ch`turf kcedfc)
Hstrfthkjfs `ekljtjvfs mh ch`turf (prh, ch`turf y pesch`turf) Hstrfthkjfs cjlkóïstj`fs mh ch`turf (`el`hpte mh thxte, pærrfie, erf`jðl, `elstru``jðl, pfcfdrf, sïcfdf, chtrf) Jlierof`jðl cjthrfc h jlihrhl`jfc. Thichxjðl f`hr`f mhc prepje chlkufgh Mjihrhl`jfs `el hc chlkufgh erfc Fsph`te ielecðkj`e (hltelf`jðl) Fsph`te oeriesjltæ`tj`e (erkfljzf`jðl mh cf erf`jðl, `el`ermfl`jf mh khlhre y luohre) Fsph`te shoæltj`e (sjkljij`fme mh luhvfs pfcfdrfs, sjkljij`fme per hc `elthxte hl quh sh utjcjzfl, ifojcjfs mh pfcfdrfs, mjihrhlths ierofs mh hxprhsfr shltjojhltes h jmhfs) Cjthrfturf @frf`thrïstj`fs mh ces thxtes cjthrfrjes Lfrrftjvf (`uhlte) Hchohltes mhc rhcfte (phrselfghs, trfof, `elicj`te, rhsecu`jðl) Ce rhfc y ce jofkjlfrje Ch`turf mh joækhlhs (`elstru``jðl mh sjkljij`fmes y sh`uhl`jfs) @elthljmes pre`hmjohltfchs Ieroucfr prhkultfs y rhspuhstfs Hstru`turf`jðl mh ulf lfrrf`jðl Xse mh cf djdcjeth`f hs`ecfr. Lerofs mh use. Mjihrhl`jfr pfrths mhc cjdre, `eoe pfkjlf, iecjfme. @elvhl`jelhs mh cf hs`rjturf y mh cf ch`turf (mh jzqujhrmf f mhrh`bf mh frrjdf bf`jf ffdfge). dfge). @elthljmes f`tjtumjlfchs Jlj`jf`jðl Jlj`jf `jðl hl hc pcf`hr h jlthrês per cf ch`turf y hs`rj hs`rjturf, turf, per cf rjquhzf mh mhcc chlkufgh pfrf rh`rhfr ce rhfc y ce jofkjlfrje. Yfcerfr cf ch`turf `eoe rh`rhf`jðl jlierof`jðl y trflsojsjðl mh cf `ucturf. Cf vfcerf`jðl mh cf hs`rjturf pfrf rhs`ftfr y me`uohltfr cf ohoerjf jlmjvjmufc y `ech`tjvf. Cf vfcerf`jðl mh cfs pesjdjcjmfmhs c÷mj`fs mhc chlkufgh. CHLKXF HKD 6 (OF]HTJFCHP MH F^EZE ^FTF CF @F^F@J]F@JÐL ME@HL] ME@HL]H) H) Chlkuf y phlsfojhlte Erfcjmfm y hs`rjturf Hlshöfr f `eoprhlmhr y premu`jr mjs`urses se`jfchs hs hlshöfr f phlsfr y f f`tufr hl cf se`jhmfm. Hstfme f`tufc mhc hliequh cjlkóïstj`e Cf chlkuf chlkuf hrf flths ul sjsth sjsthof of jlof jloflhlt lhlth, h, sjl thlhr hl `uhltf hc `elth `elthxte xte hl melmh sh premu`ïf hc bfdcf e cf hs`rjturf. Hl cf f`tufcjmfm sh cf `elsjmhrf ul ohmje mh jlthr`fodje `eoulj`ftjve, hste qujhrh mh`jr quh bey sh hstumjfl ces f`tes `eoulj`ftjves `el`rhtes. µVuê sh hltjhlmh per chlkuf5 Cf chlkuf hs ul sjsthof sjstho f mh hstru`turf hstru`turfs s erkfl erkfljzfme jzfme mh hl cf ljvhchs s outufohl outufohlth mhphlmjhlths hlths (iðlj`e, oeriecðkj`e, sjltæ`tj`e, y shoæltj`e), hsph`jij`e c fljvhch hsph`jh buoflf. th mhphlmj Pus iul`jelhs sel cf rhprhshltf`jðl, cf hxprhsjðl, cf `eoulj`f`jðl, cf f``jðl
Hstf `fpf`jmfm mh `eoulj`frles per ohmje mh cf chlkuf sh mhsfrreccf sjhoprh hl ul ohmje se`jfc mhthrojlfme. Hc fc fcuo uole le qu quhh cch cchkf kf f cf hs`u hs`uhcf hcf mjsp mjspelh elh mh ul `e `ele` le`jo jojhl jhlte te kr krfo foft ftj`f j`fcc mh mhle leoj ojlf lfme me –@eophthl`jf cjlkóïstj`f y `eoulj`ftjvf‟ hs ul sfdhr usfr cf chlkuf Cf iul`jðl mh cf hs`uhcf hs ohgerfr su mhshophöe quh hl têrojles cjlkóïstj`es sh mhleojlf –hgh`u`jðl‟. Chlkuf erfc y chlkuf hs`rjtf. Thcf`jðl hltrh fodfs. Cf chlkuf hs`rjtf le hs ulf ohrf trfls`rjp`jðl mh cf erfc, `fmf ulf tjhlh `frf`thrïstj`fs prepjfs Hc f`te f`te `eoulj`f `eoulj`ftjve tjve hs ul pre pre`hse `hse `eeph `eephrftjve rftjve mmhh jlthrpr jlthrprhtf`jð htf`jðll mh jlthl`j jlthl`jelhs elhs quh hxjkh quh ces jlthrce`uterhs `elez`fl y `eopfrtfl mhthrojlfmfs `elvhl`jelhs pfrf `elstrujr hc shltjme mh ces hlul`jfmes quh premu`hl ^frf cf `eoprhlsjðl per pfrth mh ces fcuoles mh cfs mjihrhl`jfs mjihr hl`jfs hltrh chlkuf erfc y hs`rjtf. Ph prepelh ohlsfghs drhvhs (^elê hse f`æ. Fccï hstæ. Ce vï. Pf`æ hste.) Ph pjmh quh ce `eouljquhl per hs`rjte pfrf quh mjihrhl`jhl ce quh hs cf `eoprhlsjðl mhsmh ce erfc f ce hs`rjte y cf fodjkóhmfm quh sh premu`h. @elthljme @el`hptufc7 Chlkuf erfc. Lfrrf`jðl y rhlfrrf`jðl. Cf cjthrfturf erfc hs ulf ierof dæsj`f, ul oeme cjthrfrje hshl`jfc hl cf vjmf mhc ljöe phquhöe, perquh cf pfcfdrf hstf joprhklfmf mh fih`tjvjmfm. Cf lfrrf`jðl y rhlfrrf`jðl sh vjl`ucfl hstrh`bfohlth `el ces `elthljmes mh cf cjthrfturf erfc. ]hlhr hl `uhltf cf cjthrfturf erfc mh `fmf rhkjðl perquh `elstjtuyhl ul ofpf mh cf ohoerjf y mh cf rhshrvf `ucturfc. F`tjvjmfm 7 Hl`uhstfr, hltrhvjstfr f sus ifojcjfs y krfdfr ces rhcftes. Th`ep Th`epjcfr jcfr `fl`jelhs quh f`eopföfl ces guhkes jlifltjchs, pfrf cuhke `eopfrtjr hl krupes y fr`bjvfr hl cf djdcjeth`f `eoe ofthrjfc pfrf vecvhr f utjcjzfr. ^er ohmje mh hstfs f`tjvjmfmhs sh mhsfrreccf y preouhvh cf hs`u`bf fthltf, pfrf rh`uphrfr cf sh`uhl`jf mhc rhcfte. Ph mhsfrreccf cf fthl`jðl y cf ohoerjf y ifverh`h cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc ermhl cðkj`e. Hc hopche mhc `ðmjke khstufc `eoe seperth gulte f cf oemucf`jðl mh cf vez. ]emfs cfs cfs f`tjv f`tjvjmfmhs jmfmhs mmhh chlkuf erfc, ch ch`turf `turf y hhxpcerf xpcerf`jðl `jðl cjth cjthrfrjf rfrjf hl hc prjo prjohr hr `j`ce sh puhmhll rhcf`jelf puhmh rhcf`jelfrr `el f`tjvj f`tjvjmfmhs mfmhs mh hs`rjtu hs`rjturf rf quh f su vhz mfl cukfr f rhichxj rhichxjelhs elhs sedrh cf ierof y cf iul`jðl mh ces bh`bes mhc chlkufgh erfc y hs`rjte. Chhr y hs`rjdjr. F`tjvjmfmhs mhsfijflths. Ph lh`hsjtf mhsfrreccfr cfs `eophthl`jfs jlbhrhlths mhsmh hc jlj`je mmhh cf hs`ecfrjmfm. Chlkuf hs`rjtf Hl hc prjohr `j`ce cf chlkuf hs`rjtf fpfrh`h `eoe hc `elthljme oæs jopertflth. ^hre chhr chhr y hs hs`rjdjr `rjdjr le sh rh rhmu`h mu`h fc meo meojlje jlje mh ulf tê`l tê`lj`f j`f mh cch`tehs h`tehs`rjturf `rjturf.. Lh`h Lh`hsjtfl sjtfl jlthrlfcjzfr oemhces thxtufchs f pfrtjr mh cf ch`turf. Chlkuf hs`rjtf, hs`rjtf, mes jlstf jlstfl`jfs, l`jfs, cf ch`turf y cf hs`rjturf hs`rjturf,, hstf uctjof hs rh`ele`jm rh`ele`jmff `eoe ul `eopchge sjsthof mh sjkles kræij`es, mh `fræ`thr fdstrf`te y mh lfturfchzf sjodðcj`f.
Hc vfcer se`jfc y `ucturfc mh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf Cf chlkuf hs`rjtf hs`rjtf phrojt phrojthh quh les `eouljquh `eouljquhoes oes `el qujhl le `eopf `eopfrth rth hc ojsoe `elthxt `elthxte e tjhope y hspf`je f trfvês mh ul `eopchge sjsthof mh sjkles kræij`es. Cf chlkuf hs`rjtf premu`h `fodjes `ufcjtftjves hl hc mhsfrrecce mh ces pre`hses psj`ecðkj`es mhc shr buofle. @frf`thrïstj`fs mh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf Hs ul `flfc mh tjpe vjsufc. Cf phr`hp`jðl mh sjkles y thxte sh mf `eoe uull teme. Cf `eoulj`f`jðl hs mjihrjmf hltrh hojser y rh`hpter. ^re`hse mh rh`ursjvjmfm (phrojth vecvhr sedrh hc thxte)per hse cf `eoulj`f`jðl phrmurf hl hc tjhope ^frf ces ljöes rhichxjelhl rhichxjelhl sedrh hste, sh puhmh prepe prepelhr lhr f`tjvjmfm f`tjvjmfmhs hs hsph`jij` hsph`jij`fs, fs, (erkfljz (erkfljzfr fr fck÷l ihsthge) y fsï rhmf`tfr jlvjtf`jelhs, hl melmh sh edshrvf cf `eoulj`f`jðl mjihrjmf, rhmf`tfoes bey y fc mhstjlftf mhstjlftfrje rje ch cchkf hl etre oeohlte. ]fodjêl fsï sh puhmh hlshöfr quh ces thxtes tjhlhl ieroftes. Hc me`hlth hs hc quh hs`rjdh, phre ces ljöes pfrtj`jpfl hl cf mjs`usjðl, hch``jðl mh cf mjfkrfof`jðl, ht`. Cf ch`turf µVuê hs chhr5 Cf hshl`jf hs cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc sjkljij`fme y le ul f`te mh mh` mh`emjij`f`jðl emjij`f`jðl quh shrjf rhmu`jrcf f ulf f``jðl purfohlth oh`ælj`f. Hvecu`jðl mh cf hlshöflzf mh cf ch`turf. Pu rhcf`jðl `el cf hs`rjturf. Dæsj`fohlth sh rh`ele`hl mes oemes mh hlshöfr cf ch`turf. 6- Dfsfm Dfsfmff hl –uljm –uljmfmhs fmhs ``eltrfs eltrfstjvfs tjvfs mmhltre hltre mmhh cf pf pfcfdrf‟ cfdrf‟ (ielho (ielhof, f, krf krfihof, ihof, sïcfd sïcfdf). f). pelh hc f`hlte hl cf phr`hp`jðl y hl cf `emjij`f`jðl /mh`emjij`f`jðl. 4- Dfs Dfsfmf fmf hl –uljm –uljmfmh fmhss sjklj sjkljij` ij`ftj ftjvfs vfs mhc thxt thxte‟ e‟ (pf (pfcfd cfdrf, rf, irfs irfsh, h, erf` erf`jðl jðl,, thxte) vfc vfcerj erjzf zf cf `eoprhlsjðl. Jlj`jfr cf hs`rjturf f pfrtjr mh cf ch`turf . Oêtemes quh sh dfsfl hl uljmfmhs `eltrfstjvfs mhltre mh cf pfcfdrf. Fcifdêtj`e7 sh hlsh hlshöf öf hc leo leodrh drh mh cf cht chtrf rf per ermhl fcif fcifdêt dêtj`e j`e,, `eodjl `eodjlfr fr pfrf iero ierofr fr sïcfdfs cuhke pfcfdrfs y erf`jelhs. Iðlj`e7 sh hlshöf hc seljme mh cf chtrf (ve`fchs, `elselflths) cuhke cu hke sh `eodjlfl Pjcædj`e7 sh hlshöfl cfs ve`fchs pfrf pfsfr f cfs sïcfdfs (of, oh) sh ierofl pfcfdrfs, ht`. ^sj`eielêtj`e7 @eod @eodjlfr jlfr cfs sïcfdf sïcfdfss mh mjstjltfs pfcf pfcfdrfs drfs pfrf `eope `eopelhr lhr luhves têro têrojles jles (cfvh ‐ vhcf) trfdfgf `el ces sjkljij`fmes, `elireltflme ulf pfcfdrf `el etrf Hs pesjdch pesjdch sustjtujr ces `eltr `eltrfsths fsths mh cfs irfsh irfshss hsthrhe hsthrhetjpfmf tjpfmfss per cfs quh sh hl`uhlt hl`uhltrfl rfl hl `fl`jelhres (f cf cftf, fc cfthre ht`.) Pjhoprh hs pesjdch rh`errhr ul `fojle mhsmh cfs uljmfmhs `eltrfstjvfs bf`jf cf sjkljij`f`jðl Oêtemes quh pfrthl mh uljmfmhs sjkljij`ftjvfs mhc thxte. Mh cf pfcfdrf7 mes mes vhrsjelhs, cf pfcfdrf tetfc sh fse`jf f ulf jofkhl, hc ljöe fmjvjlf ce quh
mj`h cf pfcfdrf y rh`ele`h su sjkljij`fme y cf pfcfdrf khlhrfmerf, sh pfrth mh cf pfcfdrf hlthrf f`eopföfmf mh ulf jofkhl, sh flfcjzf hl sïcfdfs y cfs sïcfdfs hl chtrfs, sh rh`elstruyhl cfs sïcfdfs y sh vuhcvh f cf pfcfdrf, hsth pre`hse hs flfcïtj`e - sjltêtj`e.
Mh cf irfsh7 krupe mh pfcfdrfs `el shltjme, sh usfl joækhlhs `el irfshs y erf`jelhs, sê fïscf ulf pfcfdrf y sh cf flfcjzf `eoe cf pfcfdrf khlhrfmerf y cuhke sh cf vuhcvh fc `elthxte. Mh cf erf`jðl7 sh pfrth mh erf`jelhs quh rhspelmhl f sus jlthrhshs, jmhltjij`fl cfs pfcfdrfs, chhl rhpremu`hl h jlvhltfl luhvfs erf`jelhs Mhc `uhlte7 sh sh prhshltfl `uhltes yf chïmes per hc ofhstre, frofl etres thxtes, etrfs pfcfdrfs y erf`jelhs `el luhvfs pfcfdrfs. Mhc thxte cjdrh7 Oêteme lfturfc Irhjlht, sh teof cf hs`rjturf quh rhfcjzf hc ofhstre f pfrtjr mh ul thxte mj`tfme per ces ljöes, prepelhl luhvfs irfshs y rhfrofl hc thxte. Mh cfs hxphrjhl`jfs mh chlkufgh7 êlifsjs hl cfs hxphrjhl`jfs mhc ljöe, dfsh pfrf premu`jr thxtes Hc pre`hse mh ch`turf Hc ch`ter mhshophöf mhshophöf ul rec f`t f`tjve, jve, jlthrf jlthrf`t÷f `t÷f `el hc thxte y hc `elthxt `elthxtee hs ul pre`hse mh `eoprhlsjðl f`tjvf quh hs lh`hsfrje quh hsth prhshlth mhsmh cfs pprjohrfs rjohrfs jlthrf``jelhs `el cf chlkuf hs`rjtf, Hl hc oemhce mh `eoprhls `eoprhlsjðl jðl f`tjvf, hc ch`ter dus`f hc sjkljij`fm sjkljij`fme, e, ofs fccæ mh cf jliero jlierof`jðl f`jðl hxpcï`jtf, jlthrf`t÷f `el êc, fprevh`bf hxphrjhl`jfs prhvjfs pfrf cf `elstru``jðl mh shltjme. ,yf quh cf `eoprhlsjðl `eoprhlsjðl ch`ter ch`terff hstf jlicujmf per ces sfdhr sfdhrhs hs prhvje prhvjess mhc ch`ter. ,tfod ,tfodjêl jêl sh vh jlicujmff per cfs fltj`jpf` jlicujm fltj`jpf`jelhs jelhs quh cuhke sh `elijro `elijrofl fl e mhs`frtfl y `eopchtf hc shltj shltjme me f trfvês mh jlihrhl`jfs. Hstfs sel hcfderftjvfs etrfs rhsuctfl lh`hsfrjfs, perquh pfrf pemhr `eoprhlmhr hs hs lh`hsfrje sfdhr jlierof jlierof`jðl `jðl rhsph` rhsph`te te mh ce quh sh chh. Etre tjpe mh jlihrhl`jfs jlihrhl`jfs tjhl tjhlhh quh vhr `el cf `ebhsjðl mhc thxte. HG7 µper quê cf frhlf hstfdf tjdjf5 (jlihrhl`jf hcfderftjvf). µ F qujêl ch mjge Cfurjtf1 per shr tfl cjlmf y fofrjccf th vey f bf`hr ul rhkfce5 (@ebhsjðl thxtufc). µ^er quê mj`hl teme oeljketh oeljketh hl cf frhlf murf pe`e5 (jlihrhl`jf lh`hsfrjf).. µVuê hs hs`rjdjr5 Jopcj`f ulf ephrf`jðl fctfohlth fdstrf`tf mh cf jlthcjkhl`jf, hs cf `fpf`jmfm mh premu`jr sjkljij`fmes quh sh rhprhshltfl f trfvês mh ul `eopchge sjsthof mh sjkles kræij`es. Cf hvecu`jðl mh cf hs`rjturf Mjduges (hs`rjturfs pj`tekræij`f). Jmhekrfofs (hs`rjturf ghrekcïij`fs). Pjkles sjcædj`es (gfpelês). Krfihofs (hs`rjturf fcifdêtj`f). Hc sjsthof sjsthof fcif fcifdêt dêtj`e j`e hs fdstrf`t fdstrf`tee hl sï ojs ojsoe, oe, yf quh le bfy `err `errhsp hspelm elmhl` hl`jf jf rhprhshltf`jðl y sjkljij`fme.
hlt hltrh rh
Hc pre`hse mh hs`rjturf @ðoe cchvfrce f cf prf`tj`f5 Ths`ftfr ces `ele`jojhltes quh ces fcuoles yf tjhlhl sedrh mhthrojlfme thof e ierofte thxtufc.
@rhfr cf lh`hsjmfm mh mh hs`rjdjr pfrf rhspelmhr f ulf sjtuf`jðl mhthrojlfmf. Oestrfr cf ijlfcjmfm mh cf hs`rjturf. Pjtufr cf hs`rjturf hl ul `elthxte quh rhsucth sjkljij`ftjve. ^reoevhr cf hcfderf`jðl mh pcflhs y cf utjcjzf`jðl mh derrfmerhs. derr fmerhs. Fchltfr cf `errh``jðl mhc thxte `eoe pfrth mhc pre`hse. Thichxjelfr sedrh cf iul`jðl mhc thxte. ^repelhr sjtuf`jelhs mh hs`rjturf krupfc. Cf hlshöflzf mh cf chlkuf hs`rjtf hl hc `eojhlze mh cf fcifdhtjzf`jðl Ph prepelh ulf mjmæ`tj`f jlthkrfmerf, mhsmh sjtuf`jelhs rhfchs mh `eoulj`f`jðl quh ierohl pfrths mh preyh`tes, `e `eoe oe cf `elstru``jðl mmhc hc rjl`ðl, ulf sf sfcjmf, cjmf, ht`. Phk÷l cf sjtuf`jðl pcflthfmf surkh cf lh`hsjmfm mh hs`rjdjr e mh chhr thxtes, mh f`uhrme `el mjihrhlths prepðsjtes quh phrsjkfl ces ljöes. Cf chlkuf `eoe edghte mh hstumje µVuê sjkljij`f rhichxjelfr5 Hs cf `fpf`jmfm mh `el`hptufcjzfr hc prepje chlkufgh, teofr mjstfl`jf mh ul bh`be `el`rhte pfrf vecvhr f hc `el etrf ojrfmf. Cfs rhkcfs quh phrojthl hcfderfr thxtes, sel cfs rhkcfs mh fmh`uf`jðl, `ebhrhl`jf y `ebhsjðl. Hc oeme mh hlshöfr ces sfdhrhs sfdhrhs lh`hsfrjes sedrh hc chlkufgh hl sï ojsoe sh hlie`frel hl mes oflhrfs7 6- ]rf ]rflso lsojsj jsjðl ðl mh cfs rhkcf rhkcfss krfo krfoftj ftj`fc `fchs hs y ertek ertekræi ræij`f j`fs, s, mhs` mhs`elt elthxt hxtufm ufmfs fs mh sjtu sjtuf`j f`jelh elhs s `eoulj`ftjvfs rhfchs 4- Hstjo Hstjoucfr ucfr cf ppremu`` remu``jðl jðl hspe hspeltælhf ltælhf y `rhft `rhftjvf jvf le `h `höjmf öjmf f rrhkcfs hkcfs y oemhce oemhces, s, sh mmhs`ujm hs`ujme e cf sjsthoftjzf`jðl y hc rhsphte per cf leroftjvf. Ph prhshltf prhshltf hl hc ofr`e mh ces @D@ ulf prepuhst prepuhstff suphrfm suphrfmff quh fpulth f cf rhichxjð rhichxjðll ohtf cjlkóïstj`fs rhijhrh f cf pesjdjcjmfm quh eirh`h hc chlkufgh mh pemhr bfdcfr sedrh hc ojsoe y su iul`jelfojhl iul`je lfojhlte, te, mhdh surkjr hl hc ofr`e mh sjtuf` sjtuf`jelhs jelhs `el`rhtfs, quh rhsuct rhsucthl hl sjklji sjkljij`ftjv j`ftjvfs, fs, pfrf quh cf rhichxjðl ojsof fmqujhrf shltjme, mhdh hstfr `elthxtufcjzfmf. Hste sh puhmh cekrfr ohmjflth7 6- Cf rhichx rhichxjðl jðl sedrh ces bh`bes mhc chlkuf chlkufgh gh hhll hc prjohr föe HG7 Flæcjsjs mh cfs chtrfs, dus`fr cf pprjohrf, rjohrf, `ufchs hopjhzfl e throjlfl jkufc, jkufc, mjs`rjojlfr cfs pfcfdrfs quh ierofl cf erf`jðl, hc flæcjsjs mh cfs pfcfdrfs `uflme sh `fodjf ulf chtrf y sh ierof ulf mjstjltf, fpfrh`jhlme etre sjkljij`fme, cf `eoprhlsjðl mh ssjkljij`fmes jkljij`fmes hl cf erf`jðl, froflme erf`jelhs `el ul ojsoe sughte y mjvhrses prhmj`fmes, ht`. ^frff hlshöf ^fr hlshöfrr hc fsph fsph`te `te shoæ shoæltj` ltj`ee hl ul preyh preyh`te `te sh chs puhmh phmj phmjrr f ces `bj` `bj`es es quh `ecequhl tïtuces f cjstfs (fvhs7 ^jlkójles, kfvjetfs, ht`.)fsï tf tfodjêl odjêl sh prepj`jf hc `el`hpte mh bjphrðljoe (sustfltjves quh jl`cuyhl sud`cfshs). ^frf ifverh`hr cf sjltfxjs sjltfxjs erf`jelfc hl prjohr föe, mhspuês mmhh cf ch`turf mh ul thxte lfrrftjve hl krupes krupes cf ofhst ofhstrf rf ch prhsh prhshltf ltf pfcf pfcfdrfs drfs quh `eop `eopelhl elhl ulf erf erf`jðl `jðl hxtrf hxtrfïmf ïmf mhc thxt thxtee hl ierof mhsermhlfmf pfrf quh cfs ermhlhl. ^uhmh prepelhr hc ermhl cðkj`e mh ces su`hses mhc `uhlte (`elsjmhrf`jðl mh cf `ebhrhl`jf thxtufc, vjl`ucfr `el ces tjhopes vhrdfchs.
Cf ertekrfiïf
Pu mjij`uctfm hs quh hl hl hc hspföec le hxjsth ulf `errhspelmhl`jf djulïve`f. Xlf ierof mh sjsthoft sjsthoftjzfr jzfr cf ertekr ertekrfiïf fiïf hs cf ifojcjf mh pf pfcfdrf cfdrfs, s, edshrvf edshrvfll quh ulf chtrf predchoætj`f quh fpfrh`h hl ulf rfïz cêxj`f, sh ofltjhlh sjl oemjij`f`jelhs hl etrfs pfcfdrfs mh cf ojsof ifojcjf (oevhr, jloðvjc, futeoðvjc). Erkfljzfr ul rjl`ðl mh ertekrfiïf mhltre mhc fucf. Cf cjthrfturf hl hc prjohr `j`ce Le prepelhrcf `el ijlhs mjmæ`tj`es ‐oerfchs y flæcjsjs cjlkóïstj`es(sudrfyfr sustfltjves, ht`.). Ces ljöes mhdhl pemhr bf`hr `el cf cjthrf cjthrfturf turf ce ojsoe quh bf`hoes ces krflmhs, mjsirutf mjsirutfrcf, rcf, `eohltfrcf y rh`eohlmfrcf f etres ch`terhs. OF]HTJFCHP MH F^EZE F^EZE ^FTF CF @F^F@J]F@J @F^F@J]F@JÐL ÐL ME@HL]H HKD 4 Hc thxte. Pus prepjhmfmhs. @ebhrhl`jf y `ebhsjðl Hlthlmhoes per thxte ulf uljmfm `el `ebhrhl`jf kcedfc fcrhmhmer mh ul thof `ebhsjve hltrh sus pfrths ]eme thxte sh erkfljzf sedrh cf dfsh mh mes prjl`jpjes, hc mh `ebhrhl`jf y hc mh `ebhsjðl. Cf `ebhrhl`jf `ebhrhl`jf hs cf prepjhm prepjhmfm fm mhc thxte quh ch phrojt phrojthh shr `eoprhlm `eoprhlmjme jme per hc ch`ter e hc eyhlth `eoe ulf uljmfm hl hc ljvhc shoæltj`e hste jopcj`f sfdhr hs`ekhr cf jlierof`jðl rhchvflth y sfdhr hstru`turfrcf. Hxjsth ulf `ebhrhl`jf ce`fc quh sh rhcf`jelf `el mhthrojlfme ermhl (rhmf`tfr (rhmf`tfr ulf `frtf mh futerjzf`jðl). Cf `ebhsjðl jopcj`f cf `elhxjðl hltrh mjihrhlths hchohltes quh `eopelhl ul thxte, ieroflme ulf mhlsf rhm mh rhcf`jelhs mhltre mh cfs erf`jelhs h jlthrerf`jelfchs. Hxjsthl mes tjpes mh `ebhsjðl cf cêxj`f y cf krfoftj`fc, cf prjohrf hstf mfmf per hc use mh sjlðljoes, sjlðljo es, fltðljo fltðljoes, es, bjphrðlj bjphrðljoes oes h bjpðljoes, cf shkulm shkulmff sh `frf`thrjz `frf`thrjzff per hc hopch hopchee mh hcjpsjs, `elgul`jelhs, sjkles mh pultuf`jðl y rhihrhl`jfs. Cf `ebhsjðl fcumh f cf hxjsthl`jf mh rhcf`jelhs hltrh ces `eopelhlths mhc thxte quh phrojthl su jmhltjij`f`jðl hl rhcf`jðl `el ulf uljmfm ofyer. ]jpes mh thxtes Bfy mhs`rjptjves, h jlstru`tjves. quh jlthrhsf f cf thxtes mjmæ`tj`f rhlevfmflfrrftjves, hs thlhr frkuohltftjves, djhl `cfre quh hxpesjtjves ce quh mhijlh hc ierofteCethxtufc, hs cf jlthl`jðl `eoulj`ftjvf. Phrææ cf suph Phr suphrhs rhstru` tru`tur turff cf quh jli jliero erofrf frf f ces ch` ch`ter terhs hs quh hs hstfo tfoes es irhl irhlth th f ul thxt thxte e lfrrftjve, mhs`rjptjve. Cfs Cfs su suph phrh rhst stru ru`t `tur urfs fs sel sel uljm uljmfm fmhs hs kc kced edfc fchs hs qu quhh `frf `frf`t `thr hrjz jzfl fl ul tj tjpe pe mh th thxt xte e jl jlmh mhph phlm lmjh jhlth lthoh ohlth lth mh su `e `elth lthljm ljme, e, sj sjrv rvhl hl pf pfrf rf mh mhthr throj ojlf lfrr hc er ermh mhll mh cfs cfs pfrt pfrths hs y `elijkurfr ul hsquhof fc quh hc thxte sh fmfptf. Yfrjhmfm y Thkjstre. Chlkuf hstælmfr Cf vfrjhmfm mh chlkuf utjcjzfmf mhphlmh mhc erjkhl kkhekræij`e hekræij`e mhc bfdcflth, cf vvfrjhmfm frjhmfm hl cf hs`uhcf hs cf mh cf chlkuf hstælmfr. Cf rhcf`jðl quh hxjsth hltrh cf vfrjhmfm mh chlkuf y cf sjtuf`jðl sjtu f`jðl `eoulj`ftjvf sh ccfof rhkjstre. Cf le fmh`uf`jðl mh ces jlthrce`uterhs f mhthrojlfmf vfrjhmfm e rhkjstre sh ccfof mhsfgusth.
Cfs ierofs mh ces thxtes. Cfs hstru`turfs Cf hstru`turf hs cf ierof kcedfc mh ul thxte. Xl tjpe mh hstru`turf thxtufc, cf frkuohltf`jðl quh hs `elvhl`hr. Cfs hxph`tftjvfs mh ofr`e sjkljij`f quh mhthrojlfmfs prepesj`jelhs puhmhl shr f`hptfdchs hl mhthrojlfmes `elthxtes phre le hl etres. Ph prep prepel elhh `e `eou oulj` lj`fr fr per per hs`r hs`rjtjtee ohls ohlsfg fghs hs sjkl sjkljij jij`f `ftjtjve vess y `e `ebhr bhrhlt hlths hs fmh` fmh`uf ufme mess f mhthrojlfmes `elthxtes. Cf hs`rjturf rhqujhrh mh ul tjhope y mh cf `rhf`jðl mh ul `cjof fprepjfme. Cf hs`rjturf pesjdjcjtf hc pfsfgh mh cf erfcjmfm prjofrjf f cf erfcjmfm sh`ulmfrjf. Ertekrfiïf, sjltfxjs, `el`ermfl`jf y `elthljme. Le teme fc ojsoe tjhope Cfs hstrfthkjfs mh rhch`turf y mh rhhs`rjturf sel vfcjmfs pfrf hc fprhlmjzfgh mh cfs `uhstjelhs ertekræij`fs, ce jmhfc hs trftfrcfs hl iul`jðl mh cf jlthrprhtf`jðl Pjhoprh quh shf hl `elthxte, bfy rh`urses quh le pjhrmhl su vjkhl`jf `eoe hc use mh mj``jelfrjes, ij`bfs, fij`bhs, ht`. Hs`rjdjr hs ul pre`hse quh jopcj`f cf hcfderf`jðl mh ou`bes derrfmerhs, flths mh cf vhrsjðl ijlfc, cuhke mh bfdhr erkfljzfme hc thxte, bfdræ ul oeohlte hl hc quh cf `errh``jðl sjltæ`tj`f y ertekræij`f shf edghte mh rhvjsjðl, rhichxjðl, y sjsthoftjzf`jðl. @frf`thrïstj`fs mhc pre`hse mh `eoprhlsjðl ch`terf Hc ch`ter rhfcjzf su trfdfge sedrh hc thxte hl mes ljvhchs, hc mh cfs pfcfdrfs (sus sjkljij`f sjkljij`fmes mes y sus ielhofs) y hc mh sus prepesj`jelhs (ces sjkljij`fmes kcedfchs) @fmf ch`ter ie`fcjzfræ mjstjltfs jmhfs mhltre mh ul oj ojsoe soe th thxte xte perquh `fmf ch`ter ce ffdermf dermf mhsmh mjstjlte `elthxte ohltfc. Cfs tfrhfs quh hxjkh teme pre`hse mh sjkljij`f`jðl sel ^frfir ^fr firfsh fshfr fr (ulf ojsof `uh `uhstjð stjðll puh puhmh mh fpfrh fpfrh`hr `hr hl mji mjihrh hrhlth lthss cuk cukfrh frhss mh ul thx thxte, te, ohl`jelfmf mh mjihrhlths ierof. @eopfrfr (hstfdch`hr rhcf`jelhs hltrh hltrh cfs mjstjltfs jmhfs `elthljmfs hl ces mjstjltes pærrfies) Fse`jfr (hc ch`ter mhdh pemhr rh`ele`hr `uflme fcke hstf iuhrf mhc `elthxte mh ce trftfme) Mhvhcfr cf fodjkóhmfm fodjkóhmfm (erf`jelhs quh puhmhl thlhr ofs mh ul sjkljij`fme, hc ch`ter mhdh shr `fpfz mh ftrjdujrchs hc `errh`te mh f`uhrme fc `elthxte) Hstfdch`hr sh`uhl`jfs (mhdh pemhr ermhlfr ces su`hses quh fpfrh`hl hl hc thxte mh f` f`uhrme uhrme `el hc oeohlte mh cf bjsterjf hl quh bfyfl thljme cukfr) Ce Cess vfc vfcer erhs hs f th thlh lhrr hl `u `uhl hltf tf hl hc oe oeoh ohlt ltee mh cf shc shch` h``j `jðl ðl mh ces thx thxte tes, s, se sel l iulmfohltfcohlth, hstêtj`es y ij``jelfchs . µF quê sh mhleojlf tfrhfs5 Ph mhleojlf tfrhf fc trfdfge æucj`e, hstf `eopuhstf per mftes mh hltrfmf vhrdfchs e le vhrdfchs, mhdhræ hsph`jij`fr ces prepðsjtes y ces rechs mhc mme`hlth e`hlth y mh ces ffcuoles cuoles Ph mjstjlkuhl trhs tjpes mh tfrhfs. ]frhfs mh prjohrf khlhrf`jðl (mhsfrreccfr cf bfdjcjmfm `eoulj`ftjvf) ]frhfss mh shkulmf khlhrf`jðl (`el`jhr ]frhf (`el`jhrlh lh f ces `elthljmes, ces pre`h pre`hmjojhlt mjojhltes es y hc chlkuf chlkufgh, gh, fpultf fpu ltfll fc mhs mhsfrr frrecc eccee le sece sece mh bfd bfdjcjm jcjmfmh fmhss cjlk cjlkóïst óïstj`f j`fss sjl sjlee tfo tfodjê djêll f cfs hst hstrft rfthkjf hkjfs s `ekljtjvfs mh oflhge y erkfljzf`jðl mh jlierof`jðl)
]frhfs mh thr`hr ]frhfs thr`hrff khlhrf`jð khlhrf`jðll (fpultfl f mhsfrreccf mhsfrreccfrr cf phrselfcj phrselfcjmfm mfm mhc fcuole f trfvês mh edghtjves hmu`ftjves, `fodjes f`tjtumjlfchs, jl`cuyhl ces `elthljmes f`tjtumjlfchs) HG mjshöfr ul oulme fcthrlftjve. Pel fdjhrtfs fdjhrtfs y ichxjd ichxjdchs, chs, jlvecu jlvecu`rfl `rfl fc me`hlth y f ces fcuoles fcuoles,, lhke`jfl lhke`jflme me hxph`tf hxph`tftjvfs, tjvfs, jl`erperfl jl`erp erfl hc `ele`jojh `ele`jojhlte lte prhvje y hxphrjhl`jfs hxphrjhl`jfs phrs phrselfchs elfchs,, rh`urrhl f cf jofkjlf`j jofkjlf`jðl, ðl, cf `rhftjvjmfm y cf fih`tjvjmfm, hc `elthljme thoætj`e sh rhcf`jelf `el hc ohmje mh ces fcuoles, hc chlkufgh sh fd fdermf ermf kcedfcohlth, le sh`uhl`jfmfo sh`uhl`jfmfohlth. hlth. ]ê`lj`fs mh preyh`te P h ce mhijlh `eoe ulf jopchohltf`jðl mh tfrhfs mh shkulmf e thr`hrf khlhrf`jðl. ^er su lfturfchzf hs ofs cfrke y `eopchge. Hs ulf of`re tfrhf `eopuhstf per phquhöes pfses (oj`re tfrhfs). @fmf pfse hs ulf tfrhf y puhmh shr hxpflmjmf e rhmu`jmf rhmu`jmf,, puhmh jlvecu`rfr `elthljmes mh ulf e vfrjfs mjs`jpcjlfs. Cfs htfpfs mhc preyh`te sel Mhs`udrjojhlte mh ulf sjtuf`jðl jlthrhsflth. Mhijlj`jðl y ieroucf`jðl, cf me`hlth fyumf f hlul`jfr y f hstumjfr cf vjfdjcjmfm mhc ojsoe.
^cflhfojhlte y `eopjcf`jðl mh mftes per ohmje mh prhkultfs y mumfs hstjoucf f ces fcuoles. Hgh`u`jðl mhc ojsoe. Hvfcuf`jðl, hc me`hlth erjhltf hc hspïrjtu `rjtj`e pfrf vhr êxjtes y irf`fses.
^rhkultfs pfrf frofr ul preyh`te , µper quê5, µ^frf quê5, µ@el qujêl5 µMðlmh5, µ@ðoe5, µ@el quê5
MJOHLPJÐL OETFC
@fdflfs Cf hmu`f`jðl oerfc hl hc prhhs`ecfr mhdh shr præ`tj`f oerfc, ce quh jopcj`f quh hc sughte `eoprhlmf y quh f su vhz sh ch jopelkfl lerofs mh `elvjvhl`jf se`jfc y `errh`te `eopertfojhlte buofle. ]herïfs sedrh cf hmu`f`jðl oerfc mhc ljöe7 6. Hc mhsf mhsfrre rreccccee oerf oerfcc `e `err rrhs hspel pelmh mh f cf cfss if ifsh shss psj`e psj`ecðk cðkj` j`fs fs hvecutjvfs quh sel lfturfchs h jkufchs hl temes ces ljöes. 4. Ces quh quh pjh pjhlsf lsfll quh cf vvjmf jmf oe oerfc rfc hs hhcc rhsuctf rhsuctfme me mh fg fghs hs se`jfc se` jfcohl ohlth th mhp mhphlm hlmjhl jhlths ths mh cfs `jr`ul `jr`ulstf stfl`j l`jfs, fs, per ce tflte shræl hstfs cf quh mhthrojlhl cfs `elmu`tfs. ^jfkht sh hl`uhltrf mh f`uhrme `el hsth ÷ctjoe krupe. Ph vf f teofr `eoe rhihrhlth hl cfs therïfs hvecu`jeljstfs, e shf fquhccfs quh `elsjmhrfl f cf oerfc quh hvecu`jelf y sh mhsfrreccf. ^frf cf hmu`f`jðl oerfc bf mh `elsjmhrfrsh cfs `frf`thrïstj`fs mh ces ljöes hl hmfm prhhs`ecfr y mhsmh fccï trfdfgfr pfrf cf `eephrf`jðl, cf pfrtj`jpf`jðl hl trfdfges krupfchs, cf `fofrfmhrïf.
OEMXCE JY. OF]HOÆ]J@FP HC ^F^HC MHC ^TEDCHOF HL CF @ELP]TX@@JÐL MH @EL@H^]EP OF]HOÆ]J@EP ^fljzf y Pfmesay
F pfrtjr mh hstf predchoætj`f surkhl ou`bfs prhkultfs, y cfs `hltrfchs quh mjrjkhl hsth trfdfge sel7 µ^er quê ul predchof5 µ^frf quê ul predchof5 µVuê hs ce quh sh dus`f `el hsth tjpe mh f`tjvjmfmhs5 Hstfs sel fckulfs mh cfs prhkultfs quh sh `uhstjelfl ces mjmf`tfs f`hr`f mh cf hlshöflzf mh predchof. Ce quh sh mhdh thlhr hl `uhltf y le phrmhr mh vjstf hs quh cf f`tjvjmfm ofthoætj`f hstê `frkfmf pfrf hc Fcuole. µ@ðoe bf`hr pfrf quh ces `el`hptes fprhlmjmes thlkfl sjkljij`fme pfrf hc Fcuole5 ^frf hcce mhdhoes phlsfr quh qujhl hstæ fprhlmjhlme, mhdhræ pemhr hcfderfr hc sjkljij`fme mhc `el`hpte f pfrtjr mh bf`hrces iul`jelfr hl cf rhsecu`jðl mh mjstjltes predchofs. Mh oflhrf quh le sh mhdh hlshöfr ul predchof ]J^E e OEMHCE `eoe ul ^FTFMJKOF, ces `el`hptes sh fpcj`fl puhmfl trfspecfrsh f etrfs sjtuf`jelhs, sjle shflquh fpcj`fdchs hl sus quh mjihrhlths if`htfs, sh fkethl cf ofyer pesjdjcjmfm mh fpcj`f`jelhs, pfrf quh hc Fcuole `eoprhlmf hc sjkljij`fme mh ces `el`hptes ofthoætj`es y su fpcj`f`jðl. Mh oflhrf quh hs lh`hsfrje hlirhltfr fc Fcuole f sjtuf`jelhs quh ch ouhstrh ces mjihrhlths fsph`tes mhc ojsoe `el`hpte. ^er Hg. H c `el`hpte mh Mjvjsjðl7 Bey hs culhs. µVuê mïf shræ mhltre mh 0>>> mïfs5 F hsth predchof sh ce puhmh rhsecvhr `el mjstjltfs hstrfthkjfs y hc `el`hpte mh mjvjsjðl shræ teofme shk÷l cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc Fcuole. Hl ; mïfs shræ culhs / hl ;> mïfs / hl ;>> mïfs ht`.... Hl 6= mïfspfrf shræ 46 culhs 6=>o÷ctjpces. / ht`. Ce ojsoe mïfs/hl y sus @fmf Fcuole jlthltfræ ulf rhsecu`jðl pesjdch, phre le ÷lj`f, sh flfcjzfræl ces pre`hmjojhltes, y le hc rhsuctfme, sj hs `errh`te e le, mh hstf oflhrf sh edshrvfræ cf oflhrf oæs fmfptf cf oæs h`elðoj`f, cf quh jopcj`f ohles tfrhf y cekrf cf `eoprhlsjðl, f`eopföflme f `fmf Fcuole hl hc pre`hse, sh phrojth hc mhdfth, cf mjs`usjðl, cf puhstf hl hs`hlf, cf frkuohltf`jðl y `eltrf - frkuohltf`jðl mh ces Fcuoles, bfstf cchkfr fc ohger oêteme. Ph mjvjmh 0>>>/; hc rhste quh hs = sh `errhræl ces mïfs y hc rhsuctfme shræ vjhrlhs. Cf jopertfl`jf mh hsth tjpe mh predchofs khlhrð ul mhdfth hl `cfsh, hste hs qu quh h ce cess lj ljööes puhm puhmf l `eltrf mhih mhihllmh mhr su s pes pestu turf s, su sus s pre` pre`hm joj ojhl hlte tes, s,y frkuohltflme f ifver e fhl mhrcessus ojsoes, mhrfs, hstf oflhrf shhmj ieohltf ifverh`h hc fgh mhsmh cf hcfderf`jðl mhc Fcuole, sh vf hl dus`f mh ce quh @ECC
ccfof fprhlmjzfghs sjkljij`ftjves, têrojle quh sh suhch epelhr f fprhlmhr mh ohoerjf (`eoe ul fprhlmjzfgh vf`ïe, per sjopch rhphtj`jðl futðoftf). Cf ohoerjf hs ul jlstruohlte vfcjese pfrf ces fprhlmjzfghs sjkljij`ftjves, phre pfrf quh hstf thlkf vfcer hs lh`hsfrje quh ces `el`hptes fprhlmjmes puhmfl shr `eoprhlmjmes h jl`erperfmes fc dfkfgh mh `ele`jojhltes mhc sughte, hc luhve `el`hpte fprhlmjme sh puhmf trflsihrjr f etrfs sjtuf`jelhs, puhmf shr fpcj`fme luhves `elthxtes y hs fsï quh hstfs hxphrjhl`jfs @ECC cf ccfof ohoerjf hl `eoprhlsjvf. Hl cf ohmjmf quh hc fprhlmjzfgh sjkljij`ftjve `eltrjduyf f hxthlmhr y fopcjfr cf rhm mh sjkljij`fmes, sh jl`rhohlth cf `fpf`jmfm mhc Fcuole pfrf hstfdch`hr luhvfs rhcf`jelhs, hstfoes mh irhlth fc `eohtjme mh cf utjcjmfm quh tjhlh hlshöfr predchof hl ofthoætj`f. Mh hstf oflhrf hsth fprhlmjzfgh tjhlh ul fcte vfcer iul`jelfc, ce quh ce mhijlh `eoe ul fprhlmjzfgh ÷tjc, sjhlme utjcjzfdch `el rhcftjvf if`jcjmfm hl luhvfs sjtuf`jelhs. Le sjhoprh ces predchofs mh cf vjmf `etjmjflf sel sjkljij`ftjves pfrf hc Fcuole, hste le sh mhdh `elsjmhrfr `eoe ulf chy. Cess pr Ce pred edch chof ofss mhdh mhdhll sh shrr sh shch ch`` ``je jelf lfme mess per per rh rhsp spel elmh mhrr f ul jl jlth thrê rêss mh `elstru``jðl prekrhsjvf mhc `ele`jojhlte ofthoætj`e, mh bh`be hc `fse mh quh hc predchof f predchofs `etjmjfles mhc Fcuole,phmfkðkj`f. le rhspelmh f hstf prhojsf, mhdhrhspelmf `uopcjr `el ulf d÷squhmf mh iul`jelfcjmfm Hc predchof le sh mf per hc `elthljme fc quh sh rhijhrh sjle per hc mhsfiïe jlthch`tufc quh prepelh, quh sjkljij`f hl`eltrfr cfs hstrfthkjfs pfrf rhsecvhrce. @uflme sh hlshöf cf preper`jelfcjmfm suhch bf`hrsh ulf mjvjsjðl hltrh cf preper`jðl y ce ouctjpcj`ftjve, hste cchvf f hrrerhs quh sh frrfstrfl y tjhlhl `elsh`uhl`jfs mjiï`jchs mh hrrfmj`fr. Ph cchvf f `eliulmjr hc oêteme `el hc `el`hpte. Hc oêteme quh sh fpcj`f f temes per jkufc, pfsflme per cf uljmfm, sjl rhfcjzfr cf hcfderf`jðl, mh hstf oflhrf ces Fcuoles fprhlmhl hc oêteme, le rfzelfl, le hcfderfl y rhfcjzfl ulf f``jðl oh`ælj`f, hc fprhlmjzfgh le sh `eoprhlmh, hc Fcuole quhmf vf`ïe le bf `eoprhlmjme hc `el`hpte. Ce oæs jlmj`fme shrïf rh`uphrfr ces `el`hptes flthrjerohlth fprhlmjmes, `eoe cf ouctjpcj`f`jðl y fpcj`frces hl hstf luhvf sjtuf`jðl predchoætj`f, suofrces fghs prhvjes fc luhve `el`hpte mh preper`jelfcjmfm mfræ shltjme fc fprhlmjzfgh y cchvf f luhvfs hstru`turfs mh `ele`jojhltes `elieroflme ul fprhlmjzfgh `elstru`tjve. Cf jopertfl`jf rfmj`f hl cf `elstru``jðl mhc `el`hpte Th`uphrfr fprhlmjzfghs prhvjes y suofrces f ces luhves Le `eliulmjr oêteme `el `el`hpte Hc oêteme cchvf f cf oh`fljzf`jðl ^hrshkujr cf `elstru``jðl mhc `el`hpte gulte fc oêteme `eoe pre`hse hcfderftjve ^repj`jfr hc mhdfth hltrh ces Fcuoles ^repj`jfr hc oeohlte mh fute`errh``jðl `eoe oeohlte mh rhichxjðl sedrh ces pre`hmjojhltes f`tufmes Vu Vuhh ces ces lj ljöe öess bfkf bfkfll use use mhc mhc shlt shltjm jmee `eo÷ `eo÷l, l, hv hveq equh uh fprh fprhlm lmjz jzfg fghs hs prhvjes
Mjcu`jmfr y mjs`hrljr hltrh pre`hmjojhltes væcjmes y le væcjmes. v æcjmes.
]rfdfgfr sedrh hc hrrer Hvjtfr quh hc fcuole fpcjquh hc oêteme sjl hcfderf`jðl Vuh hc Fcuole fpcjquh ul pre`hse `rïtj`e.
Fckules rh`urses pfrf ifverh`hr hc fprhlmjzfgh y fpcj`fr ulf hlshöflzf quh f`eopföh hc pre`hse mhdhl shr thlhr hl `uhltf ces sjkujhlths pultes7 Thvjsfr hc oeme ieroucfr ul predchof. ^frf hvjtfr quh hcmhoeme mh ieroucfr hc predchof cchvh fc Fcuole f cf fpcj`f`jðl mhc oêteme mh oflhrf oh`ælj`f, hs lh`hsfrje ieroucfr hc ojsoe predchof mh mjstjltfs ierofs. Ephrf`jðl oh`ælj`f Pj hl = pfquhths bfy 4> `frfohces. µ@ufltes bfdræ hl 64 pfquhths5
Oêteme fcthrlftjve Pj = pfquhths bfy 4> `frfohces. µ@uæltes pfquhths lh`hsjte pfrf thlhr 9> `frfohces5
½=...............4> 64.............R 64........... ..R .... cchvf f7
Hl hsth `fse sh edcjkf f rhichxjelfr fc Fcuole, f fpcj`fr cf rhvhrsjdjcjmfm. Ph prhs prhshl hltf tf mjih mjihrh rhlt lths hs oemes oemes mhc mhc `el` `el`hp hpte te y mhc mhc oêteme.
6.........4>/=? =.........4> 6......... 4>/=? 8
Cf le`jðl preper`jelfcjmfm sh cf jls`rjdh hl hc `fope mh ce ouctjpcj`ftjve.
pfsfgh per cf uljmfm Cf ifoesf rhkcf mh quh f oæs, oæs y f ohles, ohles mhdh mhgfr hl `cfre quh sh trftf mh ulf `cfsjij`f`jðl mh cf preper`jelfcjmfm y le ulf rhkcf, mh oeme quh phrojtf vhr quh hxjsth cf preper`jelfcjmfm mjrh`tf y cf jlvhrsf. ^reper`jelfcjmfm mjrh`tf7 Cf prhojsf mh f oæs, o æs, ofs y f ohles, ohles sh mf. ^reper`jelfcjmfm jlvhrsf7 fquï le e`urrh. Cf hs`uhcf le mhdh ieohltfr cf trflsojsjðl mh rhkcfs oh`ælj`fs. Mhijlj`jðl7 Xlf rhcf`jðl mh preper`jelfcjmfm hs ulf rhcf`jðl hltrh 4 vfrjfdchs, hl cf quh hc `e`jhlth hltrh cfs `fltjmfmhs quh sh `errhspelmhl hs sjhoprh hc ojsoe y sh mhleojlf `elstflth mh preper`jelfcjmfm. Cf sh`uhl`jf mh predchofs mhdhl thlhr hl `uhltf cf `eopchgjmfm mhc `fope `el`hptufc y cf `eopchgjmfm mh cf fmqujsj`jðl mh fodes fsph`tes, yf quh hstæl ïltjofohlth rhcf`jelfmes. ^frf erkfljzfr hsth `fope hs lh`hsfrje thlhr hl `uhltf7 Hc tjpe mh tfrhf Cfs pesjdchs hstrfthkjfs mh rhsecu`jðl Cfs mjihrhlths ierofs mh rhprhshltf`jðl Ces `el`hptes mhrjvfmes mh ces `elthxtes utjcjzfmes. ]emes hstes pultes tjhlhl rhcf`jðl hltrh sï, mh oeme quh hs ouy mjiï`jc hstfdch`hr hstfd ch`hr ulf sh`uhl`jf sh`uhl`jf `el mjij`uctfm mjij`uctfm `rh`jhlth, `rh`jhlth, mh oeme quh hs jopertflth phrojtjr quh hc F bfkf trftfojhlte hxbfustjve mhc thof, fketfr temfs cfs
pesjdjcjmfmhs, cf ofyer `fltjmfm mh rhcf`jelhs quh puhmfl hstfdch`hrsh, mh
oeme quh ch phrojtf fijflzfr hc `el`hpte y `ele`hr hl fopcjtum hc têrojle mh preper`jelfcjmfm hl temfs sus fpcj`f`jelhs. ^frf quh hsth pre`hse e`urrf hs lh`hsfrje quh ces Fcuoles thlkfl meojlje mh7 6. @el` @el`hp hpte tess `h `hr` r`fl fles es sude suderm rmjl jlfm fmes es,, sj sjhl hlme me ces ces ojso ojsoes es ces ces mjih mjihrh rhlth lths s `elgultes luoêrj`es y sus `errhspelmjhlths ephrf`jelhs frjtoêtj`fs hl su `elgulte. ^er hghopce7 Cf ohmjmf `eoe phse hsph`ïij` hsph`ïij`e, e, vecuohl vecuohl ht`. (`eoe `el`hpte) `el`hpte) iuhrf hcfderfmf hl su tetfcjmfm per hc ljöe, (y le fprhlmjmf per ohmje mh ul oêteme oh`ælj`e mh pfsfgh mh uljmfmhs) y fc`flzfrf f `eoprhlmhr hc ojsoe hl temfs sus ofkljtumhs, sus fpcj`f`jelhs, sjl `elstjtujr ul edstæ`uce, hste if`jcjtfrïf hc fprhlmjzfgh mh etres `el`hptes rhcf`jelfmes `el hc ojsoe `eoe hl hc `fse mh cf preper`jelfcjmfm. Pj pfrf hc Fcuole `fmf fprhlmjzfgh hs fketfme hl sus fpcjcj`f fp `f`j `jel elhs hs,, hc hcfd fder erfme fme y `e `eop oprh rhlm lmjm jme, e, ês êsth th ce cekr krfr frææ cf tr trfs fspec pecf` f`jðl jðl y hc flmfojfgh pfrf hc luhve `el`hpte f fprhlmhr, ces fghs prhvjes phrojthl ierofr luhvfs hstru`turfs mh `ele`jojhltes pfrf seperth mhc luhve `el`hpte. 4. ]jpe ]jpe mh tfrhf, tfrhf, hs etr etree pulte f `elsjmh `elsjmhrfr rfr,, sh mhdh thlhr thlhr hl `uhltf `uhltf quh tjpe mh tfrhf sh ch secj`jtf fc Fcuole `el hc predchof quh sh prhkultf, cf prhkultf mhdhshshr `cfrf y le cchvfr f `eliusjelhs `el`hptufchs, sj hc `el`hpte quh hstæ trfdfgflme hs preper`jelfcjmfm, hc predchof mhdh rhojtjr f hsth `el`hpte y le `eliulmjr `el etres pcflthes. 0. ^re` ^re`hm hmjjojhl ojhlte tess pesj pesjdc dchs hs mh rhse rhsecu cu`j `jðl ðl77 sel sel ces ces jlmj lmj`fme `fmerrhs mh `el`hptufcjzf`jðl fc`flzfmes per ces Fcuoles, e shf quh per ohmje mh ul flæcjsjs mhtfccfme mhc trfdfge rhfcjzfme per hc Fcuole, pemhoes jlihrjr mh quê oflhrf hc Fcuole ephrf hl ces mjstjltes oeohltes mh rhsecu`jðl mh predchofs, sjhlme hstfs ephrf`jelhs `errh`tfs e le, ce quh jopertf hs vhr hc pre`hse quh les mfræ `uhltf mh cf ephrfdjcjmfm mhc Fcuole. =. Mjihrh Mjihrhlth lthss ierofs mh rhprhs rhprhshlt hltf`j f`jðl. ðl. Yhrdfc ]fdcfs Kræij`es ^cflthe Hstfs ierofs ch phrojth f ces Fcuole cf hxbfustjvjmfm mhc `el`hpte trfdfgfme, hc Fcuole pemræ edshrvfr hl cf præ`tj`f cfs mjihrhlths ierofs hl quh sh prhshltf hc ojsoe `el`hpte y `eoe puhmh shr trfdfgfme, bfræ `elireltf`jelhs hltrh sus pfrhs y shch``jelfræ hc oæs fpte, phrojth y ifverh`h hc fprhlmjzfgh. Le sh mhdh `eliulmjr `el`hpte `el rhprhshltf`jðl. 8. Ces `el`hpt `el`hptes es mhr mhrjvfmes jvfmes mh ces `elthxtes `elthxtes mh utjcjz utjcjzf`jðl7 f`jðl7 Mhltre mh cf preper`jelfcjmfm hxjsthl `el`hptes quh tjhlhl su prepje stftus mh `el`hpte, y hste `eopchgjzf hc fprhlmjzfgh, hstes sel7 Hs`fcf ^er`hltfgh ^hse hsph`ïij`e
Yhce`jmfm
Z sh bf cchvfme f trftfrces per shpfrfmes, y hste preve`f hquïve`es. ^hlshoes quh fc bfdcfr mh per`hltfghs sh hstæ bfdcflme mh preper`jelfcjmfm, cf vhce`jmfm sh ojmh sjhoprh `el rhcf`jðl f etre `el`hpte, ao per berf ht`. Mh oeme quh les hl`eltrfoes mhltre mhc `el`hpte mh preper`jelfcjmfm. µ@ðoe prhshltfr ces predchofs f ces ljöes5 6
6. ^er Mhsmh `el`hptes `hr`fles sudermjlfmes hg. ces @eoe `el`hpte sudermjlfme `hr`fle hc L÷ohre @fltjmfm mh pfquhths @fltjmfm mh ijkurjtfs
= 2 4 6> 4> 4= 4> => 6> 8> 6>> 64>
Etre hg. @eoe `el`hpte `hr`fle sudermjlfme cf ofkljtum ]jhope mh iul`jelfojhlte = 2 4 6> 4> 4= berfs @eodustjdch `elsuojme 4> => 6> 8> 6>> 64> cjtres Hsth predchof pemrïf hxprhsfrsh cfs berfs hl ojlutes y ces cjtres hl `hltjcjtres Hsth tjpe mh trfdfge edcjkf fc Fcuole f dus`fr cfs hqujvfchl`jfs mh cfs ofkljtumhs, predchof. sh pelh hl præ`tj`f cf hxbfustjvjmfm pfrf fprepjfrsh mhc 4. Mhsmh ces ]jpes mh ]frhf. Mes predchofs predchofs puhmhl puhmhl sshr hr jmêltj`es, jmêltj`es, mhphl mhphlmh mh mhc pulte mh vjstf mh qujhl ce flfcj`h ^er hg. Hc cukfr mh cf jl`ðkljtf sh bfccf hl hc hlul`jfme vhrdfc FF- Pj = pfquht pfquhths hs tjhlhl tjhlhl 4> 4> `frfoh `frfohces ces µ@uæ µ@uæltes ltes `frfohces `frfohces tjhlhl tjhlhl 64 64 pfquhths5 D- Pj = pfquhths tjhlh 4> `frfohces µ@uæltes pfquhths lh`hsjte pfrf thlhr 2> @frfohces5 Jlohmjftfohlth pfrf hc tjpe D hc ljöe letf quh sh trftf mh ul predchof mh rhkcf mh 0 sjopch. Hc predchof D ch phrojth vhr cf `eopchgjmfm mhc thof y ce iuhrzf f cfs `eopfrf`jelhs 0. Phk÷l Phk÷l hc pre`h pre`hmjo mjojhl jhlte te mh rhs rhsecu ecu`jð `jðl. l. Phk÷ Phk÷ll hc tjtjpe pe mh `e `el` l`hp hp`j `jðl ðl mhc mhc `el` `el`hp hpte te sh shræ ræ fder fdermf mfme me hc pre`hmjojh pre`h mjojhlte, lte, per tflte ce jopertflth jopertflth hs phrojtjrc phrojtjrchh fc Fcuole Fcuole quh mhspcjhkuh sus pre`hses, le thlhr hl `uhltf ces rhsuctfmes, sjle vhr, flfcj lfcjzf zfrr cf ephr ephrft ftjv jvjjmfm mfm mhc mhc Fcuol cuole, e, mh quh quh oflh oflhrrf fpc fpcj` j`ff sus `ele`jojhltes, phrojtjrch quh sh hxprhsh hl cjdhrtfm, mhgfr quh mhijhlmf sus pesturfs, frkuohlth sus premu``jelhs, ful `uflme shfl hrrfmes, y
trfdfgfr sedrh hcces.
=. Phk÷l ces mjihr mjihrhlths hlths oemes mh rhprhsh rhprhshltf`jð ltf`jðl. l. Hl hsth pulte bfy quh thlhr hl `uhltf cf hxbfustjvjmfm, pfrf pemhr fprhlmhr ces `el`hptes hl temf su hxthlsjðl y hl cfs mjihrhlths ierofs mh hxprhsjðl mhc ojsoe. Xl ljöe puhmh shr `rïtj`e hl cf ohmjmf quh puhmf mjs`rjojlfr hltrh `el`hpte y rhprhshltf`jðl, per ce tflte sh fpultf fc jlmhphlmhl`jf mh fodes `el`hptes. 8. Phk÷l ces ces `el`hptes `el`hptes mhrjvfmes mhrjvfmes mhc `elthxte `elthxte pfrtj`ucfrh pfrtj`ucfrhss mh utjcjzf`jðl. utjcjzf`jðl. Hste tjhlh quh vhr `el hc thof mh cfs ofkljtumhs, per hg. Yhce`jmfm y mhs`udrjr cf `elstflth. Hs lh`hsfrje quh hc Fcuole `eoprhlmf hc `el`hpte mh `elstflth pfrf quh le hqujvequh @el`cusjelhs7 ^esjdjcjtfr cf mjs`usjðl, cf jlthrf``jðl hl hc `elthxte if`jcjtf hc fgh. ^reper`jelfr temfs cfs fcthrlftjvfs predchoætj`fs quh phrojtfl edshrvfr hc `el`hpte mh preper`jelfcjmfm hl cfs mjihrhlths vfrjfdchs. @uflte oæs rhcf`jelhs puhmf hstfdch`hr hc Fcuole `el hc `el`hpte f trfdfgfr ofyer shræ cf pesjdjcjmfm mh quh hc `el`hpte `edrh sjkljij`fme y quh puhmf shr fpcj`fme hl etrfs sjtuf`jelhs.
HC ^TEDCHOF HL CF HLPHÖFLWF (ojohe)
Jrof Pfjz Hs ule mh ces `elthljmes oæs jopertflths f cekrfr, cf rhsecu`jðl mhc predchof hs ulf ohtf f `uopcjr. Hc trfdfge mhc Fcuole `elsjsth puhs hl cf d÷squhmf mh ul duhl hsquhof mh rhsecu`jðl. Mhdh thlhrsh hl `uhltf quh ces `el`hptes ofthoætj`es surkjmemhdh `eoerh`elthxtufcjzfr rhspuhstfs f predchofs. ^er ce quh hcbfl Me`hlth hc predchof `uflme prhthlmh hlshöfr f ces Fcuoles mj`be `elthljme. Ph mhdh thlhr hl `uhltf quh cf ofthoætj`f sh prhshltf `eoe ul `elgulte mh therïfs f`fdfmfs. Hs per hcce quh ces predchofs sh prhshltfl `eoe ulf suhrth mh hghr`jtf`jðl, mh sïlthsjs y `eltrec mh cfs fmqujsj`jelhs mh mj`bfs therïfs, pfrf quh hste le e` e`ur urrf rf hs lh`h lh`hsf sfrj rjee quh quh cf sj sjtu tuf` f`jð jðll pred predch choæ oætj` tj`ff sh shff ulf ulf sj sjtu tuf` f`jð jðll quh quh phrojtf cf rhichxjðl µperquê, pfrf quê, `ðoe, ht`. 5 Pel prhkultfs quh eterkfl shltjme f ce quh hc Fcuole bf`h, y sjkljij`fme fc fprhlmjzfgh. Le sh mhdhl hsthrhetjpfr ces fprhlmjzfghs, hs hrrðlhe `el`cujr quh rhpfrtjr ? mjvjmjr1 hste hs hsthrhetjpfr. Murflth cf Hs`uhcf Luhvf fpfrh`h hc predchof `eoe oetjvf`jðl y su edghtjve hr hrff jl jltr trem emu` u`jr jr hl cfmh hs hs`u `uhc hcf f sj sjtu tuf` f`je jelh lhs s `e `etjtjmj mjfl flfs fs,,pfsfr mh hs hstf oflh lhrf rf cf ofthoætj`f mhgfdf shr irïf, chgflf mjstflth pfrf f tf shr of `hr`flf y præ`tj`f1 phre hstf le hs cf secu`jðl f cf `uhstjðl mh quh hc fprhlmjzfgh thlkf shl shltj tjme me pfrf pfrf hc Fcu cuol ole, e, pfrf pfrf quh quh hst stee e` e`ur urrrf hs lh` lh`hs hsfr frje je quh quh ces ces `ele`jojhltes sh `elstruyfl `el sjkljij`fmes pfrf hc ljöe. ^frf hcce hs lh`hsfrje quh hc `ele`jojhlte shf ÷tjc y ces cïojths mh hsf utjcjmfm le shfl tfl chgfles, sjle quh ces puhmf pelhr hl præ`tj`f y `eopredfr, vhr quh rhcf`jelhs prhshltf `el etres `el`hptes. Cf `e `els lstr tru` u``j `jðl ðl mh sj sjkl kljijij` j`fm fmes es sh ce cekr krff per per ohmje ohmje mh cf cfss f` f``j `jel elhs hs quh quh phrojthl fc`flzfr edghtjves. ^er tflte sel cfs f``jelhs mhc sughte quh hl mhthrojlfm mhthr ojlfmfs fs sjtuf`jelh sjtuf`jelhss chs mf shltjme shltjme f ces `ele`jojhlte `ele`jojhltes. s. Mh oeme quh sh pcflthf ul fgh quh dus`f cf `elstru``jðl mh ces `ele`jojhltes per ohmje mh cf rhsecu`jðl mh predchofs. Mhijlj`jðl mh predchof7 @uflme ul fcuole sh hlirhltf f ulf `uhstjðl e prhkultf quh le puhmh rhspelmhr mh oflhrf jlohmjftf ^frf Ghfl Drul7 Xl predchof sh mhijlh `eoe ulf sjtuf`jðl `el ulf ijlfcjmfm f cekrfr, quh mhoflmf fc sughte hcfderfr ulf shrjh mh ephrf`jelhs y f``jelhs pfrf cekrfr su ijl. Ph bfdcf mh predchof hl ulf sjtuf`jðl mh sughte/sjtuf`jðl hl melmh cf secu`jðl le hstæ mjspeljdch mh hltrfmf, phre sh puhmh `elstrujr.
]J^EP MH ^TEDCHOFP 6. Ces Ces qu quhh phro phrojt jthl hl `e `els lstr truj ujrr y mfr mfr sj sjkl kljjijij``fme fme f luh luhves ves rh` h`uurs rses es ofthoætj`es. 4. ifverh`jhlme Ces quh phrojth phrojthl l cf rhjlvhrsj rhjlvhrsjðl ðl mh ces `ele `ele`jojh `jojhltes ltes hl etres etres `elthxtes, `elthxtes, cf rhsjkljij`f`jðl. 0. Ces mh jl jlvhs vhstjk tjkf`j f`jðl, ðl, cf d÷squh d÷squhmf mf hs cjdr cjdrhh y le sh `ele` `ele`hh f prjerj prjerj hc hc pre`hmjojhlte stflmfrm mh rhsecu`jðl @F]HKETJWF@JÐL MH T. @BFTLFZ PEDTH ^TEDCHOFP 6. ^redchofs quh dus`fl cf `elstru``jðl mh luhves `ele`jojhltes. Ph ces mhleojlf sjtuf`jðl predchof. 4. ^redchofs quh phrojthl f ces Fcuoles cf utjcjzf`jðl mh ces `ele`jojhltes prhvjes. Ph ces mhleojlf predchofs mh rhjlvhrsjðl. 0. ^redchofs quh phrojthl f ces Fcuoles cf hxthlsjðl mh ces `ele`jojhltes quh yf meojlfl. Ph ces mhleojlf predchofs mh trflsihrhl`jf. =. ^redchofs hl melmh ces Fcuoles utjcjzfl `elgultfohlth vfrjfs `fthkerïfs mh `ele`jojhltes. Ph ces mhleojlf predchofs mh jlthkrf`jðl e sïlthsjs. 8. ^redchofs quh phrojthl fc Me`hlth y fc Fcuole `ele`hr hc hstfme mhc `ele`jojhlte mhc sughte. Ph ces mhleojlf predchofs mh hvfcuf`jðl. 9. ^redchofs quh pelhl fc Fcuole hl sjtuf`jðl mh jlvhstjkf`jðl. Ph ces mhleojlf predchofs mh jlvhstjkf`jðl Hstf Hstf `cfs `cfsjijij` j`f` f`jð jðll le hs hxbf hxbfus ustjtjvf vf,, fmho fmhoæs æs ul ojso ojsoee pred predch chof of puhm puhmh h phrthlh`hr f oæs mh ulf `fthkerïf. @elmj`jelhs lh`hsfrjfs pfrf quh ulf sjtuf`jðl predchoætj`f `edrh sjkljij`fme mhltre mhc `ele`jojhlte f hlshöfr hl ofthoætj`fs.
Hc hlul`jfme tjhlh tjhlh sjkljij`fme pfrf hc Fcuole sj hstæ mhltre mhc `fope mh `ele`jojhlte mhc Fcuole. Hc Fc Fcuo uole le mhdh mhdh pemh pemhrr phls phlsfr fr ulf ulf rh rhsp spuh uhst stff pfrf pfrf hs hshh pred predch chof of,, jlmhphlmjhlthohlth mhc rhsuctfme. @ell hc `e @e `ele le`j `joj ojhl hlte te quh quh hc Fc Fcuo uole le tjtjhl hlhh mhdh mhdh pemh pemhrr jl jlj` j`jf jfrr ul pre`hmjojhlte pfrf cekrf cf rhsecu`jðl, sj le ce cekrf ce mhdh edcjkfr f ieroucfr luhvfs prhkultfs y f frkuohltfr su pre`hse. Mhdh shr rj`e, e shf quh `elthlkf ulf jopertflth rhm mh `el`hptes quh le `eliulmf fc Fcuole, phre quh `eopchgj`h su tfrhf y ce `elvequh f
trfdfgfr hl krupe.
Hc predchof mhdh shr fdjhrte, quh hc Fcuole puhmf pcflthfrsh mjihrhlths prhkultfs y mjstjltfs hstrfthkjfs pfrf cf secu`jðl. Ph phrsjkuh cekrfr ul `ele`jojhlte quh phrojtf fc jlstfcfr hc fprhlmjzfgh `eoe ul rh`urse `jhltïij`e pfrf rhsecvhr predchofs.
HMX@F@JÐL JLJ@JFC PH@XHL@JFP ^rhs ^rhshl hltf tfrr f ce cess lj ljöe öess sj sjtu tuf` f`je jelh lhss quh quh ch chss phro phrojtjtff vh vhrr cf ut utjcjcjm jmfm fm mh ce ces s `el`hptes ofthoætj`es, hl hsth `fse, per hghopce, ces L÷ohres. EDGH]JYEP HP^H@ÏIJ@EP. -@eo -@eopr prhl hlmh mhrr y ut utjcjcjz jzfr fr ce cess `e `elm lmj` j`je jelf lflt lths hs jl jlbh bhrh rhlt lths hs f cf cfss mj mjih ihrh rhlt lths hs sjtuf`jelhs, per hg. µ Hs lh`hsfrje rhpfrtjr temes ces edghtes e le5 µHs jkufc mhgfr ce ohles pesjdch5 µBfy quh rhpfrtjr ce ojsoe f `fmf ule5 ^redchof7 Les rhkfcfl 68 ph`hs. Bfy quh `eoprfrch ph`hrfs y pelhrces hl hccfs `eoe usthmhs qujhrfl, phre sel ouy mhcj`fmes y LE puhmhl hstfr lj 8 lj oæs mh 8 hl cf ojsof ph`hrf, perquh sh puhmhl cfstjofr. Vujhre quh `fmf hqujpe pjhlsh y mh`jmf `ðoe ces vfl f pelhr y `uflme throjlhl ul `eopföhre per hqujpe vf f pfsfr fc irhlth y vf f `eltfr ce quh bj`jhrel.
Hsth predchof tjhlh shltjme, puhs ces ljöes `eoprhlmhl `eo prhlmhl cf sjtuf`jðl @ele`hl cf luohrf`jðl bfstf hc 68 y sfdhl mhc 8 ]emes puhmhl jlj`jfr ulf secu`jðl Le bfy ulf rhspuhstf jlohmjftf, cf `elmj`jðl mh le pemhr pelhr 8 lj oæs mh 8 ces `eopcj`f ]rfdfgfr hl ierof krupfc fyumf ]jhlh secu`jðl fdjhrtf, puhmhl pcflthfr mjihrhlths hstrfthkjfs y ieroucfr prhkultfs. Cf `elireltf`jðl krupfc ifverh`h hc fprhlmjzfgh.
Hs jopertflth quh hc Me`hlth edshrvh f `fmf Fcuole pfrf vhr hl quê oeohlte mhc fprhlmjzfgh sh hl`uhltrf. Ph mhdh dus`fr mjihrhlths sjtuf`jelhs quh rhcf`jelhl ul ojsoe `el`hpte, prepj`jfr y cchvfr f ces Fcuoles f quh puhmfl hstfdch`hr rhcf`jelhs hltrh cfs mjstjltfs `cfshs mh predchofs, mh oflhrf quh puhmfl `eoprhlmhr quh sh rhsuhcvhl `el cfs ojsofs ephrf`jelhs. e phrf`jelhs. F- @fpf`jmfmhs lh`hsfrjfs pfrf cf rhsecu`jðl mh predchofs. Pf Pfdh dhrr ce quh quh sh dus` dus`f. f. Ph Phrr `f `fpf pfzz mh rh rhpr prhs hshl hltf tfrr cf sj sjtu tuf` f`jð jðll y
fprepjfrsh mh hccf
^emhr `hltrfrsh y mhs`hltrfrsh pfrf pemhr vhr ces mjstjltes pultes mh vjstf. ^emhr trfscfmfr `ele`jojhltes y sfdhrhs flthrjerhs. ^cfljij`fr, khstjelfr, erkfljzfr, dus`fr y `elstrujr. Ftrhvhrsh f f`tufr y hqujve`frsh. ^emhr ieroucfr bjpðthsjs, `eoulj`frcfs. @eltrecfr cf sjtuf`jðl y hstjofr cf mjstfl`jf pfrf cchkfr f cf secu`jðl. Yfcjmfr y predfr.
Fberf djhl, pfrf quh ul ljöe sh fprepjh mh cf sjtuf`jðl hs lh`hsfrje quh puhmf `eoprhlmhr ce quh sh pcflthf, `eoprhlmhr quê hs ce quh dus`f, jlj`jfr ul pre`hmjojhlte mh rhsecu`jðl y quh ces rhsuctfmes puhmfl shr hvfcufmes. D- @elstru``jelhs prekrhsjvfs. Hs lh`hsfrje `elstrujr prekrhsjelhs, sh`uhl`jfs, sjtuf`jelhs quh phrojtfl f ces Fcuoles ulf `elstru``jðl prekrhsjvf y prepj`jfr e`fsjelhs mh rhutjcjzf`jðl mh ces `ele`jojhltes e ohgerfs hl luhvfs sjtuf`jelhs. Cf `elireltf`jðl `elireltf`jðl mh ces mjstjltes pre`hmjojhlte pre`hmjojhltess utjcjzfmes utjcjzfmes per ces Fcuoles, cf mjs`usjðl phrojth jr `elstruyhlme hltrh temes ul pre`hse hxbfustjve. @- Khstjðl y erkfljzf`jðl mh cf `cfsh. Bf`hr ofthoætj`fs hs tfodjêl mjs`utjr cfs secu`jelhs. Hs lh`hsfrje predfr, frkuohltfr, vhrjij`fr, trftfr mh `elvhl`hr, jlvecu`rfrsh hl cf d÷squhmf mh cf vhrmfm mh ce quh sh fijrof, le f`hptfr f prjerj. Thkcfs mhc mhdfth ofthoætj`e7 Xl hlul`jfme ofthoætj`e hs vhrmfmhre e ifcse. Xl `eltrfhghopce le hs suij`jhlth pfrf jlvfcjmfr ul hlul`jfme. Cf ofthoætj`f sh fpeyf hl fxjeofs. Xl hghopce le hs suij`jhlth pfrf vfcjmfr ul hlul`jfme. Xl Xlff `e `els lstf tftf tf`j `jðl ðl se sedr drhh ul mj mjdu duge ge le hs su suijij`j `jhl hlth th pfrf pfrf pred predfr fr ul hlul`jfme mh kheohtrïf `eoe vhrmfmhre. ETKFLJWF@JÐL MH CF @CFPH. Ch`turf mhc predchof y prjohres jlthltes mh secu`jðl mhc ojsoe mh oflhrf jlmjvjmufc F@@JÐL JLYHP]JKF]JYF. Thsecu`jðl hl krupe, Ph prhshltf hl ul fij`bh ces rhsuctfmes mhc krupe y ulf hxpcj`f`jðl pfrf `elvhl`hr f ces mhoæs IETOXCF@JÐL. Mh Mhdf dfth th `e `ech ch`t `tjv jvee se sedr drhh hc fij` fij`bh bh MHDF MHDF]H ]H (h (hss cf YFCJ YFCJMF MF@J @JÐL ÐL mh @bfrlfy). Pïlthsjs sedrh cfs rhkcfs mhc mhdfth y sedrh cfs jlsuij`jhl`jfs mh cfs pruhdfs quh le `elvhl`hl. PÏL]HPJP (hs cf JLP]J]X@JELFCJWF@JÐL mh @bfrlfy). Ph bfdcf tfodjêl mh ul oeohlte hl melmh `fmf ule hl ierof jlmjvjmufc pcflthf secu`jelhs y epjlf sedrh cfs hxpcj`f`jelhs mfmf per `fmf ule mh ces krupes, f hsth oeohlte sh ce `ele`h `eoe TH@F^J]XCF@JÐL.
Hc rec mhc Me`hlth shræ puhs hc mh fchltfr hc fprhlmjzfgh, shch``jelfr, flfcjzfr prhvhr, `elmu`jr jlstjtu`jelfcjzfr ces `ele`jojhltes y fprhlmjzfghs. Hc Me`hlth hs hc rhspelsfdch mh cf erkfljzf`jðl jlthrlf mh ces `elthljmes pfrf mhsfrreccfr murflth hc föe, `elstrujr e shch``jelfr sjtuf`jelhs mh fprhlmjzfghs y fmfptf`jelhs fc ljvhc mhc oeohlte, f cfs `frf`thrïstj`fs mh cf `cfsh.
F^THLMHT ^ET OHMJE MH CF THPECX@JÐL THPECX@JÐL MH ^TEDCHOFP. @F^J]XCE JJJ Tecflm @bfrlfy
Cfs ofthoætj`fs ofthoætj`fs sh bfl `elstrujme `elstrujme `eoe rhspuhstf f prhkultfs prhkultfs quh bfl sjme trfmu`jmfs hl etres tfltes predchofs. F ce cfrke mh cf bjsterjf hstfs prhkultfs bfl jme `fodjflme phre sjhoprh sh cchkf f cf prhojsf quh –Bf`hr ofthoætj`fs hs rhsecvhr predchofs‟. @uflme sh trftf mh hlshöfr hs lh`hsfrje thlhr prhshlth quh ce quh sh hlshöf hsth `frkfme mh sjkljij`fme y thlkf shltjme pfrf hc Fcuole. Cf `elstru``jðl mh sjkljij`fmes mh ul `ele`jojhlte sh `elsjmhrf hl 4 ljvhchs Ljvhc hxthrle Ljvhc jlthrle µ@uæc hs hc `fope mh use mh hsth `ele`jojhlte, iul`jelf tfc bhrrfojhltf5 y `ufchs sel ces cïojths mh hsh `fope5 fckerjtoe y quê
µ@ðoe y per quê µ@ðoe iul`jelf ul `elmu`h fc rhsuctfme5
Hltel`hs cf `uhstjðl hshl`jfc mh cf hlshöflzf mhc beodrh hs7 –µ@ðoe bf`hr pfrf quh cesmhdh `ele`jojhltes hlshöfmes thlkfl sjkljij`fme pfrf hc Fcuole5 Hc Fcuole trflsihrjr, rhsjkljij`fr sus `ele`jojhltes, y hste le hs rhphtjr hl sjtuf`jelhs luhvfs, fmfptfr `ele`jojhltes prhvjes. Krf`jfs f cf utjcjzf`jðl mh `el`hptes ofthoætj`es `eoe bhrrfojhltfs per pfrth mhc Fcuole hs quh sh `elstruyhl ces sjkljij`fmes. HP]TF]HKJFP MH F^THLMJWFGHP7 Hs ce quh mhdh pelhr hl guhke hc Me`hlth. Êsth tjhlh su prepje pulte mh vjstf sedrh cf mjs`jpcjlf f hlshöfr tflte sedrh ces edghtjves khlhrfc `eoe sedrh ces hs hsph ph`ï `ïijij`e `es, s, tjtjhl hlhh su pult pultee mh vj vjst stff mh ce cess Fcuo Fcuole less (p (pes esjd jdjcjcjm jmfm fmhs hs y hxph`tftjvfs) cf mhoflmf jlstjtu`jelfc, cf mhoflmf se`jfc ht`.
]emes hstes prjl`jpjes les rhojth fc @EL]TF]E MJMÆ@]J@E, mh mhoflmf quh ulf sjtuf`jðl hs hlshöflzf hs ulf sjtuf`jðl f trhs peces Ofhstre-Fcuole- Pfdhr F P Hsth `eltrfte rhkucf cf `cfsh y cfs rhcf`jelhs hltrh sï, hs per hcce quh ulf sjtuf`jðl mh hlshöflzf sh edshrvf pfrfchcjsoe hltrh cfs rhcf`jelhs. ^emhoes edshrvfr ces sjkujhlths oemhces. 6. OEMH OEMHCE CE LETO LETOF] F]JYE JYE P
O F
F`æ hc sfdhr hs yf f`fdfme. ^frf hsth oemhce cf phmfkekïf hs hc frth mh `eoulj`fr. Hc ofhstre ouhstrf ces `ele`jojhltes, ces jltremu`h, prevhh ces hg. Hc F prjohre fprhlmh, hs`u`bf, hstf fthlte, jojtf, sh hltrhkf, hghr`jtf y per ÷ctjoe fpcj`f Hc sf sfdh dhrr yf hstæ hstæ f` f`fd fdfm fme, e, `e `els lstr truj ujme me,, hs ul oêtem oêtemee mekoæ mekoætjtj`e `e y ofyêutj`f mh prhkultfs y rhspuhstfs. Le sh `elstruyh hc `ele`jojhlte hl cf rhcf`jðl O-F-P O 4. OEMHCE OEMHCE JL@J]F JL@J]F]JY ]JYE E (`hltr (`hltrfme fme hl hhcc ffcuo cuole) le) F P Ph ch prhkultf fc Fcuole sus jlthrhshs, oetjvf`jelhs, lh`hsjmfmhs. Hc Me`hlth hs`u`bf, teof hsf jlierof`jðl `eoe bhrrfojhltf pfrf cf hlshöflzf. Fckules oêtemes `ele`jmes hstfdfl dfsfmes hl Ij`bfs mh trfdfge, `hltres mh jlthrês, Mh`recy. Hc Fcuole dus`f erkfljzf y hstumjf (hs ulf hlshöflzf prekrfofmf) Hc sfdhr hstæ cjkfme f cfs lh`hsjmfmhs mhc Fcuole, sh edshrvf ces oêtemes f`tjves hl hsth tjpe mh pre`hmjojhlte. 0. OEMHCE OEMHCE F^TE F^TERJO RJOF]J F]JYE YE (@hltr (@hltrfme fme hl hl cf `els `elstru tru``j ``jðl ðl mhc mhc sfdhr sfdhr per per pfrth mhc Fcuole)
Ph pfrth mh `ele`jojhltes prhvjes, sh pruhdf y sh ohgerfl pfrf `elstrujr `ele`jojhltes luhves. Hc Me`hlth prepelh y erkfljzf cfs mjstjltfs sjtuf`jelhs mh jlvhstjkf`jðl, ieroucf`jðl, vfcjmf`jðl y sh jlstjtu`jelfcjzf. O F
P
Ljlk÷l Me`hlth utjcjzf ul oemhce hx`cusjve hl hc f`te phmfkðkj`e, oæs djhl utjcjzf hchohltes mh ule y etre. Hc hstumje mh hstes 0 oemhces les phrojth edshrvfr y rhichxjelfr sedrh cf f`tjvjmfm phmfkðkj`f y `el`cujr quh ces hchohltes oæs jopertflths sel7
Hc Me`hlth irhlth fc hrrer7 µ@ðoe sh `eopertf5 µVuê f`tjtum teof5 Cf hvfcuf`jðl7 µHl quê oeohlte5 µ@el quê ijl5 Hc cukfr quh sh ch fsjklf f cf rhspuhstf7 µ@uæc hs hc ijl5 µHl quh oeohlte5
6. HC OEMHCE LETOF]JYE LETOF]JYE (]eof fc predchof `eoe hxthrle fc fprhlmj fprhlmjzfgh) zfgh) Cchvf fc Fcuole f hstumjfr tjpes mh predchofs, cuhke prhshltf ul predchof, hc Fcuole dus`f sj yf bf rhsuhcte fckule pfrh`jme y sh pelh f rhsecvhrce shk÷l hc pre`hmjojhlte flthrjer. Ph pfrth mh ce oæs iæ`jc bf`jf ce oæs `eopchge Ces oh`fljsoes sel7 Ch``jelhs (fmqujsj`jelhs) Hghr`j`jes (hghr`jtf`jelhs) 4. HC OEMHCE JL@J]F]JYE (]eof fc predchof predchof `eoe ul fprhlmjzfgh oðvjc) Cchv Cchvff fc Fcuo Fcuole le f sh shrr mhof mhoflm lmfflth, lth, f`t `tjv jve, e, ævj vjme me mh `e `ele le`j `joj ojhl hlte tes s iul`jelfcohlth ÷tjchs. Hc jl`elvhljhlth hs quh hl cfs sjtuf`jelhs lfturfchs f ohlume sel ouy mjiï`jchs y `eopchgfs pfrf quh hc puhmf `elstrujr bhrrfojhltfs pfrf secu`jelfrces. Ces oh`fljsoes sel7 oeohlte.................................. .....................oetjvf`jðl... .........oetjvf`jðl............... ............sjtuf`jðl sjtuf`jðl 6¾ oeohlte...................... dfsfmf hl cf vjmf fperths mh `ele`jojhltes mhc Fcuole......................................præ`tj`f mh hghr`j`jes sh rhsjkljij rhsjkljij`fl. `fl..... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ......... ......... ........ ........ ........ ........ .....ces .ces predchofs.
0. OEMHCE F^TERJOF]JYE (Ph prhshltf fc predchof `eoe ul rh`urse mh fprhlmjzfgh) Hl hsth oemhce sh utjcjzf cf rhsecu`jðl mh predchofs hchkjmes per hc Me`hlth y ces Fcuoles gultfohlth y sh `elstruyh hc sfdhr gultes. Hl cf rhsecu`jðl mh predchofs sh jlthrvjh jlthrvjhlh lh mhsmh hc `eojhlze `eojhlze mhc fprhlmjzfgh. ^er tflte cf mh predchofs hs ulf iuhlth y ul cukfr mh hcfderf`jðl mhc sfdhr, hs rhsecu`jðl ul TH@XTPE. Ces oh`fljsoes sel7 Pjtuf`jðl predchof F``jðl....... F``jðl..................h ...........hcc Fcuole dus`f `ðoe rhsecvhrce Ieroucf`jðl........ Ieroucf`jðl..........Bfy ..Bfy ulf ieroucf`jðl y `elireltf`jðl mh ces pre`hses Yfcjmf`jðl...... Yfcjmf`jðl.............Ph .......Ph rhfcjzf ulf pruhdf Jlstjtu`jelfcjzf`jðl... Jlstjtu`jelfcjzf`jðl............... ...............Luhvf ...Luhvf bhrrfojhltf Hghr`jtf`jðl Pïlthsjs Hc predchof `eoe hvfcuf`jðl, pfrf hc Me`hlth y rhsjkljij`f`jðl pfrf hc Fcuole E^HTF@JELHPP F IFYET MH XLF HCH@@JÐL. E^HTF@JELH HCH@@JÐL. jmhecðkj`f) µ@ðoe fprhlmhl ces Fcuoles5
(cf hch``jðl hch``jðl hs sjhoprh sjhoprh
6. –Ces –Ces `ele` `ele`joj jojhlt hltes es le sh fpjcfl fpjcfl,, le sh f`uouc f`uoucfl, fl, sjle sjle quh sh pfsf mh ul hstfme hstfme mh hqujcjdrje hqujcjdrje f hstfmes hstfmes mhshqujcj mhshqujcjdrjes, drjes, hl hc trfls`urse trfls`urse mh ces `ufchs ces `ele`jojhltes flthrjerhs sel `uhstjelfmes‟ ^er ce tflte f ulf luhvf ifsh mh hqujcjdrje `errhspelmh f ulf ifsh mh rherkfljzf`jðl mh ces `ele`jojhltes. Hstes luhves sfdhrhs sh jlthkrfl fc flthrjer y f vh`hs ces oemjij`fl. o emjij`fl. (^jfkht)‟ Mh oeme quh hc luhve `ele`jojhlte puhmf `uhstjelfr fc Fcuole sedrh hc sfdhr quh peshïf. 4. Hc rec rec mh cf f``j f``jðl ðl hl hc fprh fprhlmj lmjzfg zfgh. h. ^jfkht bf shöfcfme hc rec mh cf f``jðl hl hc fprhlmjzfgh y hl cf `elstru``jðl mh `el`hptes. Ph trftf mh ulf f``jðl `el ijlfcjmfm mh predchof `el ulf mjfcê`tj`f prete f``jðl, thlmjhlth f ulf tfrhf mh `elstru``jðl per pfrth mhc Fcuole. Cf f`tjvjmfm ofthoætj`f `elsjsth hl ulf hcfderf`jðl mh hstrfthkjf mh ul pre`hse quh phrojtf hc rhsuctfme mh hsf f``jðl, quh f÷l le sh bf rhfcjzfme tetfcohlth y quh sh tjhlh t jhlh ulf `jhrtf jlierof`jðl. 0. Pece Pece bfy fprhlm fprhlmjzf jzfgh gh `ufl `uflme me hc Fcuole Fcuole phr`jdh phr`jdh ul predchof predchof pfrf rhsecvhrce. Hc `ele`jojhlte hs hc rhsuctfme mh cf jlthrf``jðl mhc sughte `el hc ohmje. Ce quh ch mf shltjme f ces `el`hptes e therïfs sel ces predchofs predc hofs quh phrojtfl phrojtfl su rhsecu rhsecu`jðl. `jðl. Purkh Purkh fsï fsï hc hc `el`hpte `el`hpte mh `elicj`te `ekljtjve `eoe bhrrfojhltf hl hc fprhlmjzfgh y sh mhdhræ
thlhr hl `uhltf hc ojsoe f cf berf mh mjshöfr hc predchof. Hc
predchof mhdh shr ul mhsfiïe jlthch`tufc, cf oetjvf`jðl sh bfccf hl hc cfme jltrïlsh`e mhc fprhlmjzfgh, quh hl hc `estfc hxthrjer. =. Cfs premu``j premu``jelhs elhs mh ces ces Fcuoles Fcuoles sel cf cf jlierof`jðl jlierof`jðl mhc mhc hstfme hstfme mh su sfdhr. ^er hghopce7 @jhrtfs jlierof`jelhs hrrðlhfs le `errhspelmhl f fushl`jf mh sfdhr, sjle oæs djhl fc oeme mh `ele`hr per pfrth mhc Fcuole, mh hstfpfrf oflhrf les mhouhstrf quh hs lh`hsfrje oemjij`fr su ephrftjvjmfm f`hr`frsh fc oeme `errh`te. 8. Ces `el`hptes ofthoætj`es le hstæl fjscfmes. Ph rhijhrh f `fopes `el`hptufchs hltrhcfzfmes quh sh `elsecjmfl outufohlth. Hs per hcce quh sh prepelh f ces Fcuoles `fopes mh predchofs quh chs phrojtfl phrojtfl cf `elstru``jðl `elstru``jðl mh hsfs rhmhs, quh sh puhmf mjs`utjr prhvjfohlth `ufchs shræl cfs rhmhs (tfrhf iulmfohltfc) Hstf jmhecekïf rhojth f cf jmhf mh @ELICJ@]E PE@JE-@EKLJ]JYE, sedrh teme hltrh pfrhs y phrthlh`h f Yjketsay. 8
HL HC ]TJÆLKXCE ME@HL]H ‐ FCXOLE - ^TEDCHOF ^TEDCHOF (@frf`thrïstj`fs) 6. THCF@JÐL. THCF@JÐL..... ......PJ ..PJ]XF@J ]XF@JÐL-^T ÐL-^TEDCHOF EDCHOF-FCXOL -FCXOLE E F`tjvjmfmhs....... Mhdh shr ul vhrmfmhre vhrmfmhre predchof f rhsecvhr ........ Mhdh shr `eoprhlmjme per temes ces Fcuoles ....... Mhdh eirh`hr rhsjsthl`jf, pfrf quh ces F puhmfl fvflzfr hl ces `ele`jojhltes. ....... Mhdh `elsjstjr hl ul mhsfiïe jlthch`tufc ....... Cf vfcjmf`jðl mhdh prevhljr mh cf sjtuf`jðl ojsof
4. THCF@JÐL. THCF@JÐL..... .......M ...ME@HL] E@HL]H-FCXO H-FCXOLE LE F`tjvjmfmhs................Vuê pjhlsfl ces Fcuoles, quê hsphrf hc F`tjvjmfmhs................Vuê Me`hlth mh hcces5 .......... .................Hl .......Hl cf rhcf`jðl phmfkðkj`f sh mhdhrïf phr`jdjr quê hs ce quh sh hsphrf .......... .................Ces .......Ces Fcuoles mhdhl hl`eltrfr cf vfcjmf`jðl, quh secj`jtf hc Me`hlth
0. THFCF@JÐL THFCF@JÐL .......M .......ME@HL]H E@HL]H-PJ]XF -PJ]XF@JÐL @JÐL
F`tjvjmfmhs............... F`tjvjmfmhs........ ....... .Hc `ele`jojhlte `elsjmhrfme mhdh shr hc
oæs fmh`ufme pfrf
ces Fcuoles,
rhsecvhr hc predchof. .......... .................Mhdh .......Mhdh edshrvfrsh cfs jl`eoprhlsjelhs mh hrrerhs sjkljij`ftjves .................Thfc .................Thfcjzfr jzfr flæcjsjs, sïlthsjs.
µVXÊ ^TEDCHOF MHDH HCHKJTPH5 µVXÊ ^XHP]F HL OFT@BF ^HMFKÐKJ@F5 Ph mhdh thlhr hl `uhltf hc trjælkuce sjtuf`jðl ‐ fcuole - hlterle. Pece bfy predchof sj hc Fcuole phr`jdh su mjij`uctfm, sj hs `eoprhlsjdch pfrf cf ofyerïf mh ces Fcuoles, y mhdh prhshltfr ul mhsfiïe jlthch`tufc, mh hstf oflhrf hstfoes irhlth f ul predchof. EDGH]JYEP OH]EMECÐKJ@EP @EKLJ]JYEP - Fprhlmhr f rhsecvhr predchofs `ele`jojhlte (`æc`uces) - Fprhlmhr f jlvhstjkfr `ele`jojhltes. - Hc edghtjve hs cf f`tjvjmfm ojsof rhsjkljijquhl fprhlmjzfghs.
- Ph fpultf fc - ^redchofs `el luhves - ^redchofs quh
MJYJMJT E @EL MJIJ@XC]FM MJIJ@XC]FM CF MJI MJIJ@XC]FM J@XC]FM MH MJYJMJT. MJYJMJT. @F^J]XCE YJ Jrof Pfjz
F`hr`f mhc sjkljij`fme mh cf mjvjsjðl7 @bfrlfy mj`h quh cf ofthoætj`f mhdh hstfr `frkfmf mh sjkljij`f`jðl, quh thlkf ul shltjme pfrf hc Fcuole cf `elstru``jðl mh sjkljij`fmes mh ul `ele`jojhlte mhdh shr pfsfr per mes ljvhchs7 HR]HTLE JL]HTLE - µ@uæc hs hc `fope mh iul`jelfojhlte5 iul`jelf hsh `fope5 µ@uæchs sel ces cïojths µ^er quê iul`jelf5
µ@ðoe mh
hsh
`fope5
Hste qujhrh sjkljij`fr quh hc Fcuole `eoprhlmf hc `ele`jojhlte y ce fpcjquh quh puhmf `eoprhlmhr, rfzelfr, flfcjzfr, hcfderfr ht`. Mh oeme quh hc Me`hlth mhdh pcflthfr ulf shrjh mh `uhstjelhs fc fdermfr cf mjvjsjðl `eoe `ele`jojhlte f hlshöfr. µ@uæc hs hc shltjme mh cf mjvjsjðl5 µVuê pjhlsfl ces Fcuoles mh hccf5 µ@ðoe rh`ele`hl hc predchof mh mjvjsjðl ces Fcuoles5 Hl khlhrfc ces Me`hlths hl cf præ`tj`f phmfkðkj`f suhchl bf`hr mjstjl`jðl hltrh7 - F`tjvjmfmhs quh fpultfl f cf `eoprhlsjðl mh fckerjtoes, mhijlj`jelhs. - F`tjvjmfmhs quh fpultfl f cf `eoprhlsjðl mh ce hxthrjer. Fberf cf hlshöflzf mh fckerjtoes, prepjhmfmhs e mhijlj`jelhs sel jmhltjij`fdchs hl hc sfcðl mh `cfsh, sh prhshltfl `æc`uces y sh vhrjij`fl v hrjij`fl ces rhsuctfmes. Hl `fodje `uflme sh bf`h ul rh`ele`jojhlte mh sjtuf`jelhs mh mjvjsjðl mh sjkljij`fmes mh `el`hptes hl sjtuf`jelhs predchoætj`fs hs ou`be oæs `eopchge jlmjvjmufcjzfrces. ]emes ]e mes qujs qujsjh jhrf rfll quh quh ce cess `e `ele le`j `joj ojhl hltes tes y sfdh sfdhrh rhss jl jlst stjtjtu` u`je jelf lfch chss iu iuhr hrfl fl `eoprh `eo prhlmj lmjmes mes per ces Fcuole Fcuoles, s, phre phre cfohlt cfohltfdc fdchoh hohlth lth hste hste le e`urrh e`urrh hl khlhrfc. Ces fckerjtoes sh fprhlmhl sfdjhlme quh shrvjræl pfrf rhsecvhr predchofs jklerflme quh predchofs sh trftfræl. 4 OEOHL]EP MH CF MJMÆ@]J@F MH OF]HOÆ]J@F Hc Fcuole pfsjve, hc pre`hse hstfdf f `frke ierofchs khlhrfl Mhc me`hlth. Pedrh êc rh`fïf temf cf hrrerhs per pfrth rhspelsfdjcjmfm mh pelhr hl cf `fdhzf mhc fcuole hc `ele`jojhlte. mhc `el`hpte mhdh
Ces sfdhrhs edstæ`uces y Hc shltjme shr fsuojme
`eoe edghtjve,
Lhke`jfme,
`elshltjme y hxprhse.
F`tufcohlth sh bfdcf mh f`tjvjmfm rhichxjvf.
YFTJFDCHP ^HT]JLHL]HP. @uflme hc Fcuole sh bfccf irhlth f ulf sjtuf`jðl mh fprhlmjzfgh, pfrf rhsecvhr ul predchof khlhrfcohlth dus`f jlmj`jes mh `ðoe cekrfrce. Hl cf hlshöflzf trfmj`jelfc sh edshrvf hsth tjpe mh pre`hmhr, sh dfsf hl hc tjpe mh ephrf`jðl quh mhdh rhfcjzfr y le hl hc rfzelfr e `eoprhlmhr quh mhdh bf`hr. Dreusshfu ccfof f hcce cfs vfrjfdchs phrtjlhlths, `eoe `el`hptes quh phrojthl e le jlmjvjmufcjzfr cf rhsecu`jðl mh ul predchof, pumjhlme shrvjr mh edstæ`uces y sjrvhl mh rh`ele`jojhlte pfrf ces Me`hlths mhc predchof quh hc Fcuole prhshltf. Pel vfrjfdchs phrtjlhlths7
Ces l÷ohres7 lfturfchs, mh`jofchs, irf``jelhs, ofyer e ohler, iul`jðl mhc L¾ `frmjlfc, ohmjmf ht`. ]jpes mh ofkljtumhs7 hc meojlje mh ces ojsoes ]ê`lj`fs mh `æc`uces.
^er ce tflte cfs vfrjfdchs phrtjlhlths jlicuyhl hl cf rhsecu`jðl mh predchofs, teme les bfdcf f`hr`f mhc quh quhbf`hr bf`hr mhc flth hc predchof predchof mh mjvjsjðl, f pfrtjrhste mh ïlmj`hs e pfcfdrfs jlmu`terfs mhltre mhc thxte quh pelhl ces Me`hlth y puhmhl jophmjr quh hc Fcuole puhmf jlvecu`rfrsh e sh mhsvïh mhc edghtjve prjl`jpfc, mh oeme quh ce quh ch jopertf fc Fcuole hs sj cf rhspuhstf hs `errh`tf e le, sjl pemhr phlsfr hl hc pre`hse. Hste cchvf f ces Fcuoles f f``jelhs hsthrhetjpfmfs, le rh`ele`hl hc rhsuctfme `eoe mjspfrftfme e fchgfme mh cf rhfcjmfm, sjle quh pre`hmhl mh oflhrf oh`ælj`f sjl rhichxjelfr. Hc pcflthe mh predchofs puhmh shr edstæ`uces hl hc fprhlmjzfgh, per ce quh ou`bes pcflthes le fpertfl lfmf, sjl hodfrke cf utjcjzf`jðl mh hsquhofs, tfdcfs, kræij`es `elstjtuyhl edghtjves jopertflths hc fprhlmjzfgh mh ofthoætj`fs. Pjhoprh y `uflme hstfs hstrfthkjfs `eltrjduyfl f cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc predchof. Cf mjmæ`tj`f mh cf ofthoætj`f f`tufcohlth le puhmh drjlmfr secu`jelhs præ`tj`fs, phre puhmh prevhhr f ces Fcuoles mh rh`urses mh `eltrec y flæcjsjs mh sus premu``jelhs, mh sus rhsuctfmes, preoevhr cf rhichxjðl, cf edshrvf`jðl e dshrvf`jðl y hc flæcjsjs. Ph mhdh pfrtjr mhsmh hc pulte hl quh `fmf Fcuole sfdh h jr prekrhsflme bf`jf `æc`uces oæs `eopchges. Hc `æc`uce ohltfc puhmh shr ulf bhrrfojhltf quh phrojtf fc Fcuole fprexjofrsh y hstjofr rhsuctfmes y phlsfr hl cfs ephrf`jelhs lh`hsfrjfs pfrf cchkfr fc ojsoe.
@ÆC@XCE OHL]FC OHL]FC HL CF HP@XHCF ^TJOFTJF. ^TJOFTJF. @F^Ï]XCE YJJ @h`jcjf ^frrf Mhdh `elsjmhrfrsh `eoe hstrfthkjf mh fprhlmjzfghs. Ph suhch epelhr fc `æc`uce hs`rjte. Mhijlj`jðl. @elgulte mh pre`hmjojhltes quh, flfcjzflme ces mftes per trftfr sh frtj`ucfl sjl rh`urrjr f ul fckerjtoe prhhstfdch`jme, pfrf edthlhr ul rhsuctfme hxf`te e fprexjofme. ^frf ou`bes hc `æc`uce ohltfc sh fse`jf f ul `æc`uce ræpjme, pfrf lesetres hste le hs jopertflth. µ^er quê hc `æc`uce ohltfc hl cf hs`uhcf ^rjofrjf5 ^erquh hc @O (`æc`uce ohltfc) ifverh`h cf `fpf`jmfm pfrf rhsecvhr predchofs Ces fcuoles mhdhl `elstrujr ulf rhprhshltf`jðl mh cfs rhcf`jelhs ht`. rhcf``je jelh lhss luoê luoêrrj` j`fs fs ph phro rojt jthl hl f ces ces Fcuo Fcuole less quh quh puhm puhmfl fl Cfs rhcf rhichxjelfr. Hg. ^redchof7 Hc ajce mh ph`hte `uhstf $ 9,28 µ0/= Ak. mh ph`hte puhmh `estfr fprexjofmfohlth $0.5 @eoe sh puhmh edshrvfr hsth predchof ch secj`jtf fc fcuole ulf rhspuhstf fprexjoftjvf, le ulf hxf`tf, hste ifverh`h hc `æc`uce ohltfc, cf rhichxjðl y cf ohtf`eklj`jðl. Hc `æc`uce ohltfc f`rh`jhltf hc `fope luoêrj`e, mhsmh luhstrf phrsph`tjvf cchvf f ul oeme mh `elstru``jðl mhc `ele`jojhlte quh ifverh`h cf rhcf`jðl mhc Fcuole `el cf ofthoætj`fs. ^frf quh thlkf shltjme hc @æc`uce Ohltfc mhdh shr phlsfme hl ulf prekrhsjðl mh `eopchgjmfm. ^er hg. Hl 4¾ sh puhmh prhshltfr hsth @æc`uce flths mh quh shpfl hc fckerjtoe mh cf suof y vhr quh ces F bf`hl ce sjkujhlth7 42 pre`hses
+
40 ?
86
sh puhmh edshrvfr mjihrhlths
4> + 2
+ 4> + 0
86
42
+
40
86
=>
+
66 ? 86
42
+
4> + 0 ? 86
=2 + 0 ? 86 Hs edvje quh hc Fcuolehste le rhfcjzf hsth hxpcï`jtf, phre sjper ce bf`h jopcï`jtfohlth, ifverh`h cf mhsfrrecce hlshöflzfmhy oflhrf mhdh shr jl`hltjvfme pfrth mhc Me`hlth. Hs jopertflth pfrf hc Me`hlth thlhr hl `uhltf cfs sjkujhlths `elsjmhrf`jelhs pfrf pemhr trfdfgfr hc @æc`uce Ohltfc. ]hlhr ulf rhprhshltf`jðl fprexjoftjvf mh ces ljvhchs mh `ele`jojhlte mh ces Fcuoles @eltfr `el bhrrfojhltfs quh ch phrojtf bf`hr ul mjfklðstj`e mh ces `ele`jojhltes mh ces Fcuoles @ele`hr prepuhstfs mjmæ`tj`fs per ohmje mh cfs `ufchs pelkf hl guhke hc fvfl`h mh ces `ele`jojhltes mh ces Fcuoles Hl ces mjshöes `urrj`ucfrhs le sh suhch jl`cujr `eoe `elthljme fc @æc`uce Ohltfc, hl Hspföf sh bf bh`be ulf pruhdf y sh pcflthe ce sjkujhlth7 ^rjerjzfr hc trfdfge præ`tj`e y erfc utjcjzflme cfs fletf`jelhs sjodðcj`fs sece sece `uflme `uflme hc Fcuol Fcuolee mhou mhouhs hstr trhh cf `eoprh `eoprhls lsjð jðll mh mhcc `el` `el`hp hpte te ofthoætj`e. ^rjerjzfr hc trfdfge ohltfc, pfrf preiulmjzfr ces `ele`jojhltes jltujtjves mh ofthoætj`f quh ces Fcuoles peshhl y cuhke ierofcjzfrces. ^rhstfr fthl`jðl fc mhsfrrecce mh hstrfthkjfs mh rhsecu`jðl phrselfchs, pethl`jflme cfs ojsofs y pelhrcfs hl `eo÷l. Xtj Xtjcjz cjzfr fr mji mjihrh hrhlth lthss `fopes `fopes mh hxphrj hxphrjhl` hl`jf jf mhc Fcuole Fcuole,, per hg. Frth, kjolfsjf, pcæstj`f ht`. EDGH]JYEP KHLHTFCHP.
Xtjcjzfr jlstruohltes mh `æc`uces, sfdjhlme pfrf `fmf `fse `ufc hs hc jlmj`fme, sus vhltfgfs, ht`. Hcfderfr y utjcjzfr hstrfthkjfs phrselfchs mh `æc`uce pfrf cf rhsecu`jðl mh predchofs shl`jcces. Yfcerfr cf jopertfl`jf mh cf utjcjmfm mh cfs ohmjmfs y ces `æc`uces mhthrojlfmes sjtuf`jelhs mh cf vjmf.
Cf jope jopert rtfl fl`j `jff mhc mhc @æc` @æc`uc ucee Ohlt Ohltfc fc rfmj rfmj`f `f prjl prjl`j `jpf pfco cohl hlth th hl hc `fræ `fræ`t `thr hr frtj`ucfmer mhc ojsoe7 6. Bf`h Bf`h pesjdch pesjdch hc jlthr`f jlthr`fodj odjee hltrh hltrh ces Me`hlth Me`hlthss mh ces mjihrh mjihrhlth lths s krfmes, sedrh hc ljvhc mh ces Fcuoles oles hl `uflte f sus pre`hmjojhltes. 4. Ph pcflthf pcflthf cf frtj`u frtj`ucf` cf`jðl jðl berjzelt berjzeltfc fc hltrh `elthljm `elthljmes es f hlshöf hlshöfr. r. ^er hg. Yhr quh fprhlmjzfghs phrojthl hc f``hse mh ohger oflhrf
fc fgh quh presjkuh.
@æc`uce mh per`hltfghs oæs usfme ^er`hltfghs7 6>%- 48%- 8>%- 6>>% Thcf`jelhs oæs usfmfs hltrh irf``jelhs y per`hltfghs7 ³ ? 48% ¼ ? ;8% ¿ ? 8>% 6.6/4 ? 68>% ^frf pemhr jl`cujr hste hs lh`hsfrje quh hc Me`hlth `elez`f ces `ele`jojhltes quh oflhgfl ces Fcuoles y ces ljvhchs mh `/u. F pfrtjr mh fccï teme hc fprhlmjzfgh tjhlh hl`fmhlfojhlte jlthrle prekrhsjve. Hl hsth hghopce sh edshrvfl cfs hstrfthkjfs mh rhsecu`jðl quh ces Fcuoles puhmhl pelhr hl ofr`bf7 Pudjhrel 2 phrselfs fc `ech`tjve. Fberf bfy =8 phrselfs hl hc `ech`tjve. µ@uæltfs phrselfs bfdïf flths mh hstf pfrfmf5 Pecu`jðl 6 Pecu`jðl 4 Hc Fcuole ofr`f =8, y Hc Fcuole le tf`bf e derrf 2 rh`ele`h quh tjpe mh fyumælmesh `el ces ephrf`jelhs mhdh mhme mh mes, s, `eoe `eoe sj df dfgf gfrf rf hcfderfr, phre `fmf pfsfghre ule f cf mhs`uhltf mh =8, 2 vhz ^TJOHT ^ECE ^TJOHT ^ECE
Pecu`jðl 0 Hc Fcuole rhprhshltf hc predchof mh fmj`jðl ..5 +2?=8 Z rhsuhcvh. PHKXLME ^ECE
Pecu`jðl = Hc Fcuole rh`ele`h quh sh trftf mh ulf rhstf y cf bf`h ohltfcohlth e per `æc`uce hs`rjte =8-2? 0; PHKXLME ^ECE
Ph hstfdch`hl fsï mes peces, hc prjohre fphcf f cfs rhprhshltf`jelhs ijkurftjvfs mh cf sjtuf`jðl, ojhltrfs hl hc shkulme sh bf`hl rhprhshltf`jelhs ofthoætj`fs pfrf cf secu`jðl. Hs lh`hsfrje quh sh rhfcj`h ul pfsfgh mhc prjohr pece fc shkulme, yf quh hl hc prjohr pece sh utjcjzf hc `elthe, ojhltrfs quh hl hc shkulme hc `æc`uce. Bfy quh f`hptf f`hptfrr cf pcurfc pcurfcjmf jmfmm mh hstrft hstrfthkj hkjfs, fs, hxp hxprhs rhsfrc frcfs, fs, se` se`jfc jfcjzf jzfrcf rcfs, s, cf puhstf hl `eo÷l, rhfcjzfr `elireltf`jelhs ht`. HC @EL]HE7 Cf ps psj` j`ec ecek ekïf ïf hmu` hmu`ft ftjv jvff bf rhvf rhvfce cerj rjzf zfme me cf tê tê`l `lj` j`ff mhc mhc `e `elt lthe he hl ce ces s fprhlmjzfghs ofthoætj`es. Ces ljöes lh`hsjtfl mhc `elthe y mhc sedrh`elthe, pfrf fmqujrjr shkurjmfm, bfstf quh `el cf fyumf mhc Me`hlth per ohmje mh mjihrhlths hstrfthkjfs puhmf `eohlzfr hl hc fvfl`h bf`jf hc @O. ]flte hl 6¾ y 4¾ hs ul edghtjve iulmfohltfc cf rhsecu`jðl mh predchofs `el pre`hmjojhltes ohltfchs. Ph trftf mh ifverh`hr cf rhprhshltf`jðl ohltfc mh sjtuf`jelhs pfrf quh ces Fcuoles puhmfl fltj`jpfr cfs rhspuhstfs. Oæs tfrmh ces hs`rjtes, phre pfrf cekrfr hste hs lh`h lh `hsf sfrj rjee sh quh quhprhihrjræl ce cess Fc Fcuo uole lesspre`hmjojhltes ce cekr krhl hl ulf ulf duhl du hlff rh rhpr prhs hshl hltf tf`j `jðl ðl ohlt ohltfc fc mh
secu`jelhs.
Hl prjl`jpje hstf rhprhshltf`jðl ohltfc iul`jelf hl ulf ierof ouy ce`fc, pfrf `jhrtes l÷ohres, phre cuhke sh vfl hxthlmjhlme y prekrhsflme hl su meojlje.
HG. THPECX@JÐL MH @ÆC@XCEP LE ]FL PJO^CH X]JCJWFLME @ÆC@XCEP PJO^CHP. Mjspelhr mh pfrhs mh suoflme quh mfl 6> chs phrojth f ces Fcuoles trftfr mjihrhlths `æc`uces per hg7 ; + 2?68 ^re`hmjojhltes7 ( ;+; ) + 6 ? 68 rhfkrupfojhlte f ul medch – hl terle fc 6> ( ;+0 ) + 8 ? 68 – – ( 2+4 ) + 8 ? 68 – hl terle fc 8 ( 8+8 ) +4+0?68 Ph trftf mh quh hc Fcuole hl`uhltrh cf oflhrf o flhrf prhihrjmf pfrf cf rhspuhstf. ^frf hsth tjpe mh trfdfge sh vjl`ucf cf hxthlsjðl mh cf shrjh luoêrj`f, cf `eoprhsjðl mh cfs rhkucfrjmfmhs, jlthrprhtf`jðl ht`. Hc Me`hlth frtj`ucf hsth trfdfge `el mjstjltes tjpes t jpes mh f`tjvjmfmhs per hg. ohoerjzf`jðl ðl mh rhphrterje rhphrterje y rhkcfs, rhkcfs, f ohmjmf quh sh mf Xl trfdfge mh ohoerjzf`j y f ohmjmf quh sh bfl jme `elstruyhlme. Ph mf perquh ces ljöes cfs bfl ephrfme mh oflhrf lfturfc y per hlmh `elstruyhlme. ]rfdfge `ech`tjve, chlte y mhtfccfme mh fghs mhc `æc`uce, fpeyfme y `elireltflme ces mjihrhlths pre`hmjojhltes mh ces Fcuoles. Hc @æc`uce Ohltfc hs ul fsulte hl terle f ul trfdfge (sfdhr y hltrhlfojhlte) mh ohoerjf y sedrh teme mh `elijflzf hl sï ojsoe. TH@XTPEP ^FTF HC ]TFDFGE MH @ÆC@XCE OHL]FC. ^frf cf `els elstru``jðl mhc @æc`uce Ohltf tfcc sh rhqujhrh cchvfr f `fde sjsthoætj`fohlth mes tjpes mh f`tjvjmfmhs7 6. ]rfdfge ]rfdfge mh ohoerjzf ohoerjzf`jðl `jðl mh rhkcfs rhkcfs y rhphrterjes rhphrterjes f ohmjmf ohmjmf quh sh mf. mf. 4. Xl trfdfge trfdfge `ech`tjve, `ech`tjve, chlte chlte y mhtfccfme mhtfccfme mh fghs, fghs, fpeyfme fpeyfme y `elireltflme `elireltflme ces mjihrhlths pre`hses mh ces Fcuoles. Cfs f`tjvjmfmhs quh prepj`jfl ce flths ohl`jelfme sel f`tjvjmfmhs melmh ces Fcuoles thlkfl jlmhphlmhl`jf hl su f``jelfr, f``jelfr, `rhftjvjmfm y `elireltf`jðl. ^frf ^f rf ieoh ieohlt ltfr fr hs hste te lfmf lfmf ohge ohgerr quh quh pelh pelhrr hl ofr` ofr`bf bf gu guhk hkes es `ech `ech`t `tjv jves es rhkcfmes. Hl ces ojsoes sh f`tjvfl ces sjkujhlths pultes7 Fprhlmhr f rhsphtfr rhkcfs Hghr`hr rechs
@eltrechs outues Mjs`utjr
Cchkfr f f`uhrmes @ecfderf`jðl @elijflzf Frkuohltf`jðl
Hltrh ces guhkes quh phrojthl hsth tjpes mh f`tjvjmfmhs sh hl`uhltrfl cfs7 @frtfs, meojle, cethrïf, ohoethst, ht`. TEC MHC ME@HL]H7 Mhdh thlhr `el`jhl`jf mh ce quh sfdhl ces Fcuoles Hchkjr rh`urses phrtjlhlths Iulmfohltfr sus f``jelhs Th`ele`hr cf utjcjmfm mhc guhke ]hlhr prhshlth quh phrsjkuh Ohmjr hc prekrhse mh ces Fcuoles PH@XHL@JFP ^FK. 60;
CF KHEOH]TÏF, CF ^PJ@EKHLÊPJP MH CFP LE@JELHP HP^F@JFCHP Z CF HLPHÖFLWF MH CF KHEOH]TÏF HL CF HP@XHCF HCHOHL]FC @F^J]XCE YJJJ K. Kæcvhz Ph thlmræ hl `uhltf quh pfrf cf hlshöflzf mh cf kheohtrïf, cf rhprhshltf`jðl mhc hspf`je per pfrth mhc ljöe (^jfkht). Cf oetrj`jmfm (phr`hptufc e oflufc) fpfrh`h `eoe ul `eopelhlth lh`hsfrje hl cf hcfderf`jðl mh joækhlhs. Hc ljöe `elsjmhrf prjohre cfs rhcf`jelhs tðpj`ekhekræij`fs mh ulf ijkurf y cuhke cfs preyh`tjvfs y cfs hu`cjmjflfs quh sh `elstjtuyhl sjouctælhfohlth. ^frf ^f rf ^jfk ^jfkht ht hc `e `ele le`j `joj ojhl hlte te ofth ofthoæ oætjtj`e `e sh hl`u hl`uhl hltr trff hl ul pre` pre`hs hsee mh fdstrf``jðl rhichxjvf, quh tjhlh su erjkhl hl cfs f``jelhs mhc sughte sedrh ces edghtes. Z hs mjihrhlth mh cf fdstrf``jðl hopïrj`f, quh phrojth cf fprhlsjðl y ofljpucf`jðl mh ces edghtes. ^er tflte mj`h quh cfs ephrf`jelhs cðkj`fs jopcj`fl cf ofljpu ofljpucf` cf`jðl jðl mh `cfshs `cfshs y rhcf`j rhcf`jelh elhss hstfdc hstfdch`j h`jmf, mf, f pfrtjr pfrtjr mh hchohl hchohltes tes `el`rhtes. Cfs ephrf`jelhs jlirfcðkj`fs tjhlhl `eoe pulte mh pfrtjmf cfs pfrths mh ul teme `eltjlue. Cfs ephrf`jelhs hspf`jfchs sel ephrf`jelhs jlirfcðkj`fs. Xl ljöe vh ulf ijkurf kheoêtrj`f `el rhcf`jðl f su tetfcjmfm. CF HLPHÖFLWF MH CF KHEOH]TÏF HL CF HP@XHCF HCHOHL]FC. ^frf jltremu`jr `el`hptes kheoêtrj`es mhdh erkfljzfrsh hl trhs oeohltes7
hste hs ce quh lerofcohlth sh vh7
6. ^rhshltf`j ^rhshltf`jðl ðl mhc luhve luhve `el`hpte `el`hpte kheoêtrj`e kheoêtrj`e f ces ces Fcuoles, Fcuoles, qujhlhs qujhlhs ce ce vhl ce hstumjfl ce `eopfrfl `el etres `ele`jmes, y sh ch eterkf ul leodrh `jhltïij`e 4. Hghr`j Hghr`jtf` tf`jðl jðl mhc trfzf trfzfme me mhc luhve luhve edghte edghte hl mjihrh mjihrhlth lthss pcfles pcfles,, trfdfg trfdfge e `el mjihrhlths ofthrjfchs, ofljpucf`jðl mh cf ijkurf. 0. Fpcj`f Fpcj`f`jð `jðll mhc `el`hp `el`hpte te kheoêtrj` kheoêtrj`ee hl ulf f`tjvjmf f`tjvjmfmm quh supelh supelh shf jlbhrhlth fc hc ojsoe `eoprhlmjme thof.y sh pjhlsf f hstf fcturf quh hc Fcuole yf bf Hsth tjpe mh fgh sh dfsf hl `ele`jojhltes prhvjes per pfrth mhc Fcuole, e hl `ele`jojhltes flfcðkj`es mhc Fcuole, sh pelh êlifsjs hl hc trfzfme mh cf ijkurf ijk urf,, cf sh` sh`uhl uhl`jf `jf hstæ hstæ erkflj erkfljzfm zfmff hl cf utjcj utjcjzf`j zf`jðl ðl mh jlstru jlstruohl ohltes tes mh fcdföjchrïf., phre hste le kfrfltjzf cf fprepjf`jðl mhc `el`hpte. Phrïf jlthrhsflth quh ces edghtjves f phrshkujr mhdhrïf shr quh hc Fcuole cchkuh per sï ojsoes f ces `el`hptes ofthoætj`es y ce hxprhsh `el su prepje chlkufgh. ^er hg. Hl 6¾ sh vhl f`tjvjmfmhs hl melmh ces Fcuoles mj`hl –Thmelme‟ y –Le rhmelme‟ y cuhke futeoætj`fohlth sh hsphrf quh hc Fcuole mjkf –@ïr`uce‟ `uflme pfrf hc Fcuole cf ijkurf shkujræ sjhlme –Thmelme‟. Fc hxjkjrch hc leodrh `jhltïij`e `eoe `elmj`jðl sjl quh hc Fcuole sh bfccf fprepjfme mhc ojsoe hc `ele`jojhlte `frh`h mh sjkljij`fme y shltjme. ^frf ^jfkht, hc predchof mh cf kheohtrïf rfmj`f hl cf beoekhlhjmfm rhcftjvf hltrh sjkljij`fme y sjkljij`flth. Cf beoekhlhjmfm cchvf f `el`hdjr cf jltuj`jðl kheoêtrj`f `eoe ul premu`te mjrh`te mh cf phr`hp`jðl. ^frf ^jfkht cf jofkhl ohltfc sh hcfderf f pfrtjr mh jojtf`jelhs jlthrjerjzfmfs, quh sel pesjdjcjmfmhs mh cf rhprhshltf`jðl mh cfs trflsierof`jelhs hspf`jfchs. Hl Oêxj`e sh bf bh`be ul flæcjsjs sedrh cf hlshöflzf mh kheohtrïf, sh bf cchkfme f cf `el`cusjðl mh quh hl cf hs`uhcf prjofrjf le sh hlshöf kheohtrïf, (Dreusshfu) sjle quh sh rhmu`h fc fprhlmjzfgh mh cf kheohtrïf fc `ele`jojhlte mh ulf `ech``jðl mh edghtes mhijljmes `eoe pfrth mhc sfdhr `ucturfc. 6. Pfdhr `ucturfc7 `ucturfc7 Oestrfr Oestrfr f etres ce quh quh ule sfdh. 4. Pfdhr iul`jel iul`jelfc7 fc7 Pjrvh Pjrvh pfrf secu`jelfr secu`jelfr predchof predchofs, s, `eoe bhrrfojhl bhrrfojhltf. tf. ^frf Dreusshfu hc sfdhr `ucturfc hs ul vhrmfmhre hs`ælmfce.
CF ]HETÏF MHC L×OHTE MH ^JFKH]. @F^J]XCE J Afojj Mhijlj`jðl7 –Hs ulf hstru`turf ohltfc, fptjtum pfrf phlsfr mh melmh surkh cf fmj`jðl‟ Hopjrj Hopj rjso soe7 e7 Cf iuhl iuhlth th mh `e `ele le`j `joj ojhl hlte te hs hx hxth thrl rlff fc su sugh ghte te y hc su sugh ghte te jlthrjerjzf per ohmje mh ces shltjmes. Tf`jelfcjsoe7 Cf iuhlth mhc `ele`jojhlte sh rhfcjzf per ohmje mh cf rfzðl quh les phrojth `ele`hr `el `hrthzf ou`bfs vhrmfmhs quh ces shltjmes le puhmhl `eopredfr ^er ÷c ^er ÷ctjtjoe oe sh f`hp f`hptf tf quh quh `j `jhr hrte tess `e `ele le`j `joj ojhl hlte tess sel sel jl jllf lfte tess y quh quh sh mhsfrreccfl `el cf ofmurf`jðl. @ELPHTYF@JÐL MH CFP @FL]JMFMHP LXOÊTJ@FP. Hs cf `fpf`jmfm mh mhmu`jr per ohmje mh cf rfzðl quh `fltjmfm mh edghtes mh ulf `ech``jðl phroflh`h jkufc `uflme cf fpfrjhl`jf hopïrj`f mh ces edghtes hs oemjij`fmf. ^TJL@J^JE MH @ELPHTYF@JÐL R R R R R MH HCHOHL]EP.
R
R R
R
R R
R
BFZ CF OJPOF @FL]JMFM
Ces ljöes flth hstf hxphrjhl`jf frkuohltfl mjihrhlths `esfs `eoe7 Frkuohlte mh jmhltjmfm Frkuohlte mh rhvhrsjdjcjmfm Frkuohlte mh `eophlsf`jðl Cf therïf mhc L÷ohre mh ^jfkht sh dfsf hl trhs tjpes mh `ele`jojhltes7 6. Iïsj`e Iïsj`e... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... `ele`j `ele`jojh ojhlte lte mh edghte edghte mh cf rhfcj rhfcjmfm mfm hxthrjer 4. Cðkj`e - ofthoætj`e ofthoætj`e..... ........ ... sel rhcf`jel rhcf`jelhs hs `elstrujmfs `elstrujmfs per hc sughte sughte 0. se`jfc... se`jfc....... ........ ........ ........ ........ ......... ..... `elvhl`j `elvhl`jelfc elfc frdjtrfrje. frdjtrfrje. Hc L÷ohre hs ul `ele`jojhlte CÐKJ@E-OF]HOÆ]J@E. Mjgjoes quh hc `ele`jojhlte cðkj`e - ofthoætj`e hs ul `ele`jojhlte quh sh `eopelh mh rhcf`jelhs `elstrujmfs per hc sughte per ce tflte cf rhcf`jðl quh hstfdch`h hc hs sughte mhphlmh mh `/u y hs per hcce quh cf iuhlth mhc `ele`jojhlte ofthoætj`e jlthrlf.
@ELP]TX@@JÐL OHMJFL]H CF FDP]TF@@JÐL HO^ÏTJ@F Z THICHRJELFL]H.
F cf fdstrf``jðl mh cfs prepjhmfmhs mh ces edghtes, ^jfkht cf ccfof fdstrf``jðl hopïrj`f, hl cf ojsof ce quh bf`h hc ljöe hs `hltrfrsh hl ulf prepjhmfm mhc edghte h jklerf hc rhste. Cf fdstrf``jðl rhichxjelflth, rhichxjelflth, hs cf quh bf`h hc ljöe pfrf hcfderfr cf le`jðl mh L÷ohre., hsth tjpe mh f``jðl `eopertf cf `elstru``jðl mh rhcf`jelhs hltrh edghtes. (cfs rhcf`jelhs leftjhlhl hxjsthl`jf hl cf`jðl rhfcjmfm hxthrjer). Hs Hstf tf fdst fdstrf rf`` ``jð jðll hs ulf ul vhrm vhrmfm fmhr hrff `e `els lstr tru` u``j ðl cccchv hvfm fmf f f `f `fde de per per hc phlsfojhlte, hl vhz mh shr ul hliequh sedrh fcke quh yf hxjsth hl ces edghtes. Cf Fdstrf Fdstrf``j ``jðl ðl rhi rhichx chxjel jelflt flthh le puhmh puhmh shr jlmhph jlmhphlmj lmjhlt hlthh mh cf hopïrj` hopïrj`f, f, murflth ces phrjemes shlserjeoeter y prhephrf`jelfc, oæs o æs tfrmh sh bf`h pesjdch hstf jlmhphlmhl`jf. F ohmjmf quh hc ljöe `elstruyh rhcf`jelhs vf mhsfrreccflme cf fdstrf``jðl rhichxjelflth y per tflte cf `fpf`jmfm mhc L÷ohre Hc L÷ohre hs ulf sïlthsjs mh 4 tjpes mh rhcf`jelhs quh hc ljöe hstfdch`h hltrh edghtes. 6. Hc mh Ermhl7 Ermhl7 Mh oflhrf oflhrf ohlt ohltfc fc 6”4”0” 6”4”0”=---8” =---8”ht` ht` 4. Jl`cusjðl Jl`cusjðl ghrærquj`e ghrærquj`e > > > > > hc ermhl bf`h quh sh hstfdchz`f hstfdchz`f ulf ghrfrquïf hl melmh hc ÷ctjoe jl`cuyh f temes. Bf`jf ces ; u 2 föes hc phlsfojhlte hs oæs oðvjc y `eojhlzf f shr rhvhrsjdch (`eoe (`e oe cf `fpf`j `fpf`jmfm mfm mh rhfcjz rhfcjzfr fr ohl ohltfc tfcohl ohlth th f``jel f``jelhs hs epuhst epuhstfs fs hl ierof ierof sjouctælhf) ^er ce tflte krf`jfs f cf jl`cusjðl ghrærquj`f, hc ermhl y hc phlsfojhlte oðvjc hc ljöe hstæ hl krfme mh fmqujrjr cf le`jðl mh L÷ohre. Cf hlshöflzf mhc L÷ohre sjl quh flths sh bfyfl mfme hstfs `elmj`jelhs hl hc ljöe ulf trflsojsjðl purfohlth `ucturfc vf`ïf mh sjkljij`fme pfrf hc ljöe. Hc L÷ohre `eoe `ele`jojhlte se`jfc rhqujhrh mh ul ofr`e mh rhihrhl`jf cðkj`e - ofthoætj`e pfrf su fsjojcf`jðl y erkfljzf`jðl, hc ljöe bfræ use mh hsh ofr`e mh rhihrhl`jf pfrf `elstrujr hc `ele`jojhlte iïsj`e se`jfc Cfs pfcfdrfs ule, mes, trhs....sel `ele`jojhltes se`jfchs, phre cf jmhf mh L÷ohre sudyf`hlth phrthlh`h fc `ele`jojhlte cðkj`e - ofthoætj`e quh hs uljvhrsfc. ^er ce tflte hc L÷ohre le hstæ hl hc oulme iïsj`e pfrf shr fprhlmjme, hc rf rfze zelf lfoj ojhl hlte te lu luoê oêrj rj`e `e tjtjhl hlhh sus sus rfï` rfï`hs hs hl cf `f `fpf pf`j `jmf mfmm mh rfze rfzelf lfr r cðkj`fohlth. Cf fmj`jðl sh mf hl cf prepjf `elstru``jðl mhc L÷ohre yf quh hc ljöe ce `elstruyh ohmjflth cf fmj`jðl rhphtjtjvf mh 6. ^er tflte hc L÷ohre le hs mh lfturfchzf hopïrj`f. Hc ljöe ce `elstruyh ohmjflth cf Fdstrf``jðl Thichxjelflth f pfrtjr mh su prepjf f``jðl ohltfc mh hstfdch`hr rhcf`jelhs hltrh edghtes. Ces `el`hptes luoêrj`es le sh puhmhl hlshöfr. Hc ljöe ce `elstruyh mhsmh mhltre mhsmh su prepjf `fpf`jmfm mh phlsfr. Cf fmj`jðl tfope`e sh hlshöf.
Cf frjtoêtj`f le hs ul `uhrpe mh `ele`jojhltes quh mhdfl hlshöfrsh ohmjflth cf trflsojsjðl se`jfc. Mhdh shr `elstrujme per hc ljöe ohmjflth cf Fdstrf``jðl Thichxjelflth. @F^J]XCE YJJ F@]JYJMFMHP ^FTF HP]JOXCFT HC ^HLPFOJHL]E LXOÊTJ@E Cfs sjtuf`jelhs mjfrjfs sel iuhlth mh hstïouces pfrf ifverh`hr cf fmqujsj`jðl mhc L÷ohre y ces `el`hptes ofthoætj`es. ^er ce tflte ce `etjmjfle `eoe ofr`e mh hlshöflzf mh cf frjtoêtj`f hs ce oæs prepj`je. Pj ule mh ces ijlhs mh cf frjtoêtj`f hs `fpf`jtfr f ces ljöes pfrf cf rhsecu`jðl mh predchofs mh cf vjmf mjfrjf, hltel`hs sh ch mhdhl prhshltfr tfchs predchofs hl cf præ`tj`f. F`tjvjmfmhs `eoe cfs7 Cfs vetf`jelhs Mjstrjdu`jðl mh edghtes @elthe mh prhshlths ht`.
F^THLMJWFGH MH CF OF]HOÆ]J@F HL CF HMX@F@JÐL HMX@F@JÐL JLJ@FC K. @bhohcce Hs lh`hsfrje jl`cujr `el`hptes ofthoætj`es hl cf Hmu`f`jðl Jlj`jfc y trfdfgfrces f pfrtjr mh 0 hghs. 6. L×OHTE 4. HP^F@JE 0. OHMJMF @uflme ces ljöes rhsuhcvhl predchofs hij`fzohlth, hltel`hs ces `el`hptes ofth of thoæ oætjtj`e `ess `e `edr drfl fl sh shlt ltjm jme, e, mj mj`b `bee `e `el` l`hp hpte te le puhm puhmhh jopel jopelhr hrsh sh mhsm mhsmh h fiuhrf. Mh oeme quh hc `el`hpte quh jlthlth hlshöfrsh mhdh fpfrh`hr hl mjihrhlths sjtu sjtuf` f`je jelh lhss y `elth elthxt xtes es pfrf pfrf quh quh hc fc fcuo uole le puhm puhmff jr hc hcfd fder erfl flme me y `eoprhlmjhlme. Hl sfcf sh mhdh jl`cujr jlstfl`jfs mh rhichxjðl quh ch phrojtf fc Fcuole rhsecvhr etrfs etr fs sjtuf` sjtuf`jel jelhs hs `el hc `el`hp `el`hpte te trfdfg trfdfgfme fme,, sh mhdh mhdh phrojt phrojtjr jr trfdfg trfdfgfr fr fc Fcuole `el hc ojsoe `el`hpte mhsmh mjihrhlths `elthxtes, rhhcfderfrce, mhs`eopelhrce ht`. Ph ccfofræ predchof f7 ]emf sjtuf`jðl quh hcurfs ljöe puhmf jlthltes mh `elijrofr e mhsh mh sh`b `bfr fr sus sus `e `elg lght htur fs,, fgus fg ustf tfrr bf`hr sus sus hstr hs trft fthk hkjf jfs s hrhsecu`jðl, jl jlth thrf rf`t `tuf ufr r `el `el su sus s
`eopföhres.
Mhdh jopcj`fr ulf jmhf mh levhmfm, quh ch phrojtf oemjij`fr ces hsquhofs mh `ele`jojhltes mjspeljdchs. Hc guhke hs ul rh`urse mjmæ`tj`e prjvjchkjfme pfrf trfdfgfr hl gfrmïl, per ce quh hc guhke mhdh `elstjtujr ul mhsfiïe jlthch`tufc, mhdh jl`cujr fckulfs mjij`uctfmhs pfrf pemhr kflfr. ^er hg.ces Hc cukfrhs guhke mh E`f, hcsj cukfr hc Fcuole `eltfr sjlcfjl`cujr melmh sf`f hstæ. 0 mhdh `eoprhlmhr quh mhdf
6. HG HGHH L×OH L×OHT TE. 4. F@]JYJMFMHP HL CF HMX@F@JÐL HMX@F@JÐL JLJ@JFC.
Phk÷l cf jlthl`jðl mhc Me`hlth7 ^er hg. Ofr`fr cf ih`bf hl hc `fchlmfrje, pcfljij`fr mjstjltes oeohltes mhc mïf, fletfr ces prhshlths. Hl rhcf`jðl f cf uljmfm mjmæ`tj`f7 Hl hc ofr`e mh ul preyh`te e ul tfcchr, per hghopce bf`hr cf rhprhshltf`jðl mh ulf buhrtf, ohmjr cfs fcturfs mh ces ljöes, ces L÷ohres hl ul tfcchr mh `e`jlf. Hl hc mhsfrrecce mhsfrrecce mh ulf sh`uhl`j sh`uhl`jf7 f7 per hghopce, guhke guhke mh cfs `frtfs, `frtfs, `elstrujr ul thsere.
Ces L÷ohres `eoe bhrrfojhltfs pfrf ces ljöes, mhdhl shr `elthljmes f trfdfgfr mhsmh cf Hmu`f`jðl Jlj`jfc . EDGH]JYEP HPHL@JFCHP7 6. quh ces ces Fc Fcuoles uoles teohl teohl `el`jh `el`jhl`jf l`jf mh mh cf utjcjm utjcjmfm fm mhc L¾ 4. ^esjdjcjtf ^esjdjcjtfrr quh hc hc F leodrh, leodrh, chf y hs`rj hs`rjdf df hc L¾ ^frf cekrfr hc ¡¾ edghtjve sh mhdhl pcflthfr sjtuf`jelhs predchoætj`fs mh guhkes `el phquhöfs `fltjmfmhs, melmh puhmf edshrvfrsh cfs mjihrhlths iul`jelhs mhc L÷ohre. ^er hg.7 @frrhrf mh futes. Yfrjes Fcuoles bf`hl `errhr ces futes mh irj``jðl y sh vhræl cfs pesj`jelhs mh ces futes mh f`uhrme fcfs mjstfl`jfs, oæs chges, ohles chges ht`. Ph trfdfgf ces L÷ohres `frmjlfchs, cf ohmjmf mh celkjtum, ofyer y ohler. ^frf rhfcjzfr hstfs f`tjvjmfmhs hs lh`hsfrje bf`hr ul mjfklðstj`e jlmjvjmufc mh ces Fcuoles y sfdhr `el quê bhrrfojhltfs `uhltfl. Mh oeme quh sh pfrtf mh ces hsquhofs quh ces Fcuoles peshhl y sh prepelkfl f`tjvjmfmhs quh fijfl`hl hstes `ele`jojhltes h jl`rhohlthl `el etres luhves.
pfrf `f pfrf `fmf mf lj ljöe öe cf `e `el` l`hp hp`j `jðl ðl mh L÷oh L÷ohre re hv hvec ecu` u`je jelf lf mhlt mhltre re mh mhcc meojl meojlje je luoêrj`e quh `ele`h, usflme ces L÷ohres quh hc oflhgf hl `æc`uces y
`eop `eopfr frff`jel `jelhs hs sh ch prhs prhshl hltf tfrræl f` f`tj tjvj vjmf mfmh mhss quh quh `eeph eephrh rhll hl hs hsf f `elstru``jðl. Cf le`jðl mh L÷ohre sh `elstruyh hl ul pre`hse mjfcê`tj`e f trfvês mh su use hl sjtuf`jelhs sjkljij`ftjvfs. Ces L÷ohres puhmhl shr utjcjzfmes `el mjstjltfs iul`jelhs. @eoe ohoerjf mh `fltjmfm @eoe ohoerjf mh pesj`jðl @eoe fltj`jpf`jðl mh rhsuctfme Ces predchofs quh pelhl hl guhke cf `fltjmfm mh hchohltes mh 4 `ech``jelhs phrojthl7 @eopfrf`jelhs Frofr `ech``jelhs Hqujvfchlths @eopchtfr ulf `ech``jðl Frofr ulf `ech``jðl mjstjltf f etrf Ces predchofs melmh hc L÷ohre shf utjcjzfme pfrf sjtufrsh phrojthl7 Xdj`frsh hl ulf cïlhf, flths, mhspuês Xdj`fr gukfmerhs, prjohre, shkulme, ht`. Xdj`frsh hl ulf `ufmrï`ucf Ces predchofs quh jopcj`fl trflsierof`jelhs mh cf pesj`jðl e `fltjmfm mh hchohltes mh ulf `ech``jðl7 Mhspcfzfojhltes hl ulf pjstf krfmufmf Thuljðl mh 4 e oæs `ech``jelhs ^rhvhr `fltjmfm mh hchohltes, sudermjlfmes. Ht`. ^frtj`jðl mh ulf `ech``jðl hl pfrths jkufchs. ^frf ces ljöes ces L÷ohres oæs usufchs vjsjdchs sel bfstf hc = e 8 bf`hl ul rh`ele`jojhlte kcedfc, hve`fl ohltfcohlth f ulf `ech``jðl. Ces L¾ ifojcjfrhs bfstf 64 e 6: Ces L¾ oæs irh`uhlths bfstf 0> (mïfs mhc ohs) Ces oæs krflmhs 6>> e 6>>> Cfs sjkujhlths f`tjvjmfmhs `errhspelmhl f cf ifsh ule pfrf hc ljvhc Jlj`jfc. F`tjvjmfm mh mhsjklf`jðl Erfc7 sh rhierzfrfl cf sjkljij`f`jðl y ohoerjzf`jðl mh cfs pfcfdrfs, `eoe sh leodrfl ces L¾, rh`jtfme erfc, gukflme `el ces ljöes F`tjvjmfm hs`rjtf7 Ph tr trffdfgfræ mh cf pfcfdrf - leod eodrh mhc L¾ f cfs `jirfs hs`rjtfs `errhspelmjhlths. ^er L÷ohre L÷ohress mh rhcegh rhceghs, s, `fchlm `fchlmfrj frjes, es, `eoflm `eoflmee mh ]Y. Ih`bfs Ih`bfs,, prhshl prhshlths ths,, fushlths, `uopchföes, föes. ]h`.
F@]JYJMFMHP HL CFP ^FK. 48;-49; 48;-49; 4. HGH HP^F@JE
Cfs le`jelhs hspf`jfchs y kheoêtrj`fs7 µVuê hlshöfr5 Mhdhræ fdfr`fr hc hstumje mhc hspf`je melmh hstæl y sh ouhvhl ces edghtes, y tfodjêl cfs ierofs mh ces edghtes y sus trflsierof`jelhs. Cfs f`tjvjmfmhs mhdhl phrojtjr hc hstfdch`jojhlte mh rhcf`jelhs. Cfs Cfs rhcf rhcf`j `jel elhs hs hspf hspf`j `jfc fchs hs hl ce cess edght edghtes es qu quhh jopc jopcj` j`ff mhs` mhs`ud udrj rjrr su sus s prepjhmfmhs y pemhr `frf`thrjzfrces per ohmje o hmje mh hccfs. Thcf`jelhs hspf`jfchs quh supelhl `elsjmhrfr su udj`f`jðl hspf`jfc y pesj`jðl Thc Thcf`j f`jelh elhss mh mhspcf mhspcfzfoj zfojhlt hltes es quh jl` jl`cuy cuyfl fl hc rh`err rh`errjme jme,, pul pulte te mh pfrtjmf mh cchkfmf y mjrh``jðl mjrh``jðl µVuê sfdhl ces ljöes5 Cess `b Ce `bj` j`es es lf`h lf`hll hxpc hxpcer erfl flme me su hlte hlterl rlee y `e `els lstr truy uyhl hl f pfrt pfrtjr jr mh ce ces s oevjojhltes y mhspcfzfojhltes hl hc hspf`je, f trfvês mh sus f``jelhs `el hc ohmje y mh ces edghtes rhfcjzfl mjihrhlths tjpes mh `ele`jojhltes hspf`jfchs, quh jl`cuyhl cf hstru`turf`jðl mh ul sjsthof mh rhihrhl`jf ohltfc. Fsï hs quh ces ljöes fc jlkrhsfr fc gfrmïl tjhlhl le`jelhs hspf`jfchs y hl rhcf`jðl `el ijkurfs kheoêtrj`fs. Thichxjelfl sedrh tfoföe, ierof, `ecer, phse, mhltre, iuhrf ht`. µquê sjtuf`jelhs prepelhr5 Ces `ele`jojhltes kheoêtrj`es `edrfl shltjme hl cf ohmjmf quh thlkfl use hl cf vjmf y hl sjtuf`jelhs `etjmjflfs, hl cf rhsecu`jðl mh predchofs. Hc mjduge mjduge sh trfdfgfræ trfdfgfræ `eoe ohmje mh rhprhshl rhprhshltf`jð tf`jðll mh ce rhfc, per ce quh sh mjstjlkuh hc mjduge `eoe hxprhsjðl frtïstj`f y mjduge kheoêtrj`e. F@]JYJMFMHP7 Leodrfr e rh`ele`hr ijkurfs (f pfrtjr mh fmjvjlflzfs, vhe vhe) Mfr jlmj`jes mh cfs prepjhmfmhs mh cfs ijkurfs kheoêtrj`fs @elsjmhrfr cukfrhs mhsmh mjstjltes pultes mh vjstf, mjshltjr f `hr`f mh cf udj`f`jðl mh f`uhrme f `/u Jofkjlfr rh`errjmes, `eltfrce, rhprhshltfrcfs. Cfdhrjltes ^cfljij`fr Bf`hr ofquhtfs Teoph`fdhzfs Guhkes mh `elstru``jelhs Edshrvfr cf lfturfchzf @eopfrfr ierofs Ces pjses, dfcmesfs, oesfj`es. F@]JYJMFMHP Z PH@XHL@JFP ^FK ^FK 4;0 426 0. HGH OHMJMF
CFP OHMJMFP Z HC XPE PE@JFC MH CF OHMJMF
^frf pemhr `eoprhlmhr cf ohmjmf hs lh`hsfrje `eopfrfr fquhcce quh sh qujhrh ohmjr `el ulf uljmfm hchkjmf, y cuhke hstfdch`hr ul L÷ohre quh rhprhshlth hsf `eopfrf`jðl. Mh oeme quh cf `eoprhlsjð `eoprhlsjðll mh cf le`jðl mh ohmjmf ohmjmf hstæl cjkfmf cjkfmf tflte tflte fc L÷ohre `eoe fcfs le`jelhs iïsj`fs y kheoêtrj`fs. µVuê sfdhl ces ljöes5 Mh sus hxphrjhl`jfs `etjmjflfs sfdhl quh hc pfl sh `eoprf per Ak. Vuh cf ch`bh sh `eoprf per cjtre, quh hc tjhope sh ofr`f `el bey oföflf y fyhr Vuh fcke hs oæs fcte quh etrf `esf y quh fcke hs oæs cfrke ht`. Pfdh Pf dhll mh ces ces jl jlst stru ruoh ohlt ltes es quh quh sh lh`h lh`hsj sjtf tfll per per hg hg77 hc rh rhce ceg, g, dfcf dfcflz lzff y `hltïohtre µVuê predchofs prepelhr5 @eopfrf`jðl mjrh`tf mh edghtes1 `eoe pftrðl mh `eopfrf`jðl @eopfrf`jðl mh terrhs mh `udes Mjstfl`jf mhc pftje fc fucf Xdj`f`jðl hl hc fucf (mjstfl`jf) Fcturf mh ces mjihrhlths ljöes. Cfs mjihrhlths f`tjvjmfmhs. Mhsfyule, fcouhrze, ohrjhlmf (tjhope) Mjstjltes rjl`elhs pfrf cfs f`tjvjmfmhs. (hspf`jes)
F^THLMHT ^ET OHMJE MH THPECX@JÐL ^TEDCHOFP
T. @bfrlfy EDGH]JYEP OH]ÐMECEKJ@EP7 Fcumh f mhsfrreccfr `fpf`jmfmhs ohtemecðkj`fs, per hg.7 Erkfljzfrsh, pcfljij`fr, khstjelfr cf jlierof`jðl, frrjhskfr, `elireltfr, le thlhr ojhme f hqujve`frsh, ieroucfr, `eoulj`fr, rh`ele`hr, hvfcufr, `eopfrfr ht`. EDGH]JYEP @EKLJ]JYEP7 Ph fmqujhrhl f trfvês mh cf rhsecu`jðl mh predchofs
^redcho fs pfrf jlvhstjkfr7 ^redchofs jlvhstj kfr7 ^hrojthl fc fcuole cf jlvhstjkf`jðl, `elstrujr sus prepjes oêtemes. Mhdhl bf`hr bf`hr prhkultfs prhkultfs pfrf pfrf pemhr fc`flzfr fc`flzfr cf secu`jðl. secu`jðl. Hg.7 cf `fzf fc thsere
^redchofs quh phrojthl `elstrujr luhves `ele`jojhltes.
@el ul fckerjtoe usfr cf tê`lj`f pfrf cchkfr f etre oêteme.
^hrojth utjcjzfr cf `ele`jojhltes mjspeljdchs per hghopce7 ces fprhlmjzfghs mh 6 y 4¾ mh `elthe, y sedrh`elthe pfrf cekrfr hc L÷ohre ofyer.
OÐMXCE Y. @JHL@JFP PE@JFCHP
H^JP]HOECEKÏF MH CF MJMÆ@]J@F MH CFP @JHL@JFP PE@JFCHP7 F. @fojccelj Frmuf tfrhf hstfdch`hr ulf mjmæ`tj`f quh sh e`uph mh cfs @jhl`jfs Pe`jfchs, mhdh mh dhoe oess rh` h`el ele` e`hhr cf `e `eop opcchg hgjm jmfm fm mh cf mj mjs` s`jp jpcjcjlf lf quh quh les les e` e`up upff, iulmfohltfcohlth per7 Hc vfcer mh `hrthzf e vhrmfm mhc `ele`jojhlte Pe`jfc Ces cïojths mh edghtjvjmfm e lhutrfcjmfm mh cf @jhl`jf Pe`jfc Cf rhcf`jðl `el ces vfcerhs y cf ojsof @jhl`jf ^er etre cfme sh mhdhl hstfdch`hr `ufchs shræl ces `rjthrjes mh shch``jðl mh ces `elthljmes quh shræl fdermfmes, cf trfspesj`jðl mjmæ`tj`f y cf premu``jðl mh ofthrjfc mjmæ`tj`e. Djhl `eoe sh puhmh edshrvfr sel ou`bes ces thofs quh sh mhdhl fireltfr. Hl cf f`tufcjmfm le hxjsth ljlk÷l pfrfmjkof e prekrfof mh jlvhstjkf`jðl prhmeojlflth hl cfs @jhl`jfs Pe`jfchs. Z hs per hcce cf krfl mjij`uctfm pfrf cf shch``jðl mh ofthrjfc. CF MJMÆ@]J@F MH CFP @JHL@JFP PE@JFCHP @EOE MJP@J^CJLF7 Ihrry, mj`h quh hc mjs`urse mh cf phmfkekïf hs ul –sfdhr sedrh hc sfdhr-bf`hr‟ . Hsth hs ul bf`hr quh sh rh`elstruyh f trfvês mh ul pre`hse mh rhichxjðl- f``jðl-rhichxjðl. ]rftfrhoes mh hxpcj`fr quh qujhrh mh`jr hste7 Thichxjðl7 pre`hsf cf f``jðl hl têrojles thðrj`es F``jðl rhfcjzfmf7 edshrvfmf, rh`ermfmf, jofkjlfmf, mhshfmf mhshfmf Thichxjðl7 Luhvfohlth sedrh hc ofr`e thðrj`e. Mh oeme quh hltrh hsth phroflhlth jr y vhljr hltrh therïf y præ`tj`f hs quh sh ih`ulmf hc mjs`urse mjmæ`tj`e. Ou`bes futerhs teofl f cf mjmæ`tj`f `eoe pfrth mhc `fope mh cf @jhl`jf mh cf Hmu` Hm u`f` f`jð jðl, l, mhij mhijlj ljêl êlmec mecff `e `eoe oe ulf ulf ther therïf ïf præ` præ`tjtj`f `f le `j `jhl hltïtïijij`f `f,, cccchk hkfl fl f sesthl ses thlhr hr quh le puhmh puhmh `elsjmhr `elsjmhrfrs frshh cf Mjmæ`tj Mjmæ`tj`f `f `eoe @jhl`jf, @jhl`jf, yf quh sh e`upf mh cf præ`tj`f me`hlth cchlf mh prhsupuhstes vfcerftjves, `el ul `fræ`thr iuhrthohlth leroftjve y prhs`rjptjve y hs hsth `fræ`thr ce quh cf `ece`frïf iuhrf mhc `fope `jhltïij`e. Hsth ofr`e pesjtjvjstf y lhepesjtjvjstf hltel`hs fijrofl quh `frh`h mh `fræ`thr `jhltïij`e per e`upfrsh mh cf præ`tj`f, hs ulf therïf præ`tj`f. Hstæ `cfre quh mhltre mh cfs @jhl`jfs hxjsthl pesturfs sudghtjvfs, y hste hs ou`be oæs edshrvfdch mhltre mh cfs @jhl`jfs Pe`jfchs, hs jopesjdch phlsfr f ulf @jhl`jf mhsjlthrhsfmf, temf @jhl`jf hstæ `frkfmf mh vfcerhs quh jl`jmhl sedrh su `ele`jojhlte. Mh hstf prhojsf sh mhsprhlmh quh (y hl pfrtj`ucfr oeme cf @jhl`jf Pe`jfc) sel `jhl`jfs quh mhdhl `elstrujrsh y rh`elstrujrsh phroflhlthohlth. Cf @jhl`jf hs ul sfdhr p÷dcj`e, le jlmjvjmufc, per tflte ces vfcerhs quh sh
guhkfl hl hccf sel tfodjêl mhc ermhl p÷dcj`e y sel se`jfcohlth rhchvflths, per ce quh `ele`jojhlte y vfcer sh `elstjtuyhl `elgultfohlth.
@eoe bho @eoe bhoes es vjste vjste cfs `errjh `errjhlth lthss pesjtj pesjtjvjs vjstf tf y lhepes lhepesjtj jtjvjs vjstf tf `fcjij `fcjij`fl `fl f cf mjmæ`tj`f `eoe ulf @jhl`jf mh cf præ`tj`f le `jhltïij`f. Phræ puhs cf `errjhlth `rïtj`f cf quh ch eterkuh cf `fthkerïf quh ch `errhspelmh. Df`bhcfrm mj`h7 –Lfmf sh mf, teme sh `elstruyh‟, mh oeme quh hstf fijrof`jðl hs `el cf `ufc sh bf`h `jhl`jf. Hc se`jðceke mhdh reophr `el cf se`jecekïf hspeltælhf (hc shltjme `eo÷l) mh jkufc oeme cf mjmæ`tj`f mhdh reophr `el cf mjmæ`tj`f hspeltælhf, cf mh ces me`hlths y hc `te hspeltælhe y cfs therïfs jopcï`jtfs f`hr`f mh ce se`jfc (mhc quhbf`hr æucj`e `elsjmhrfme `eoe lfturfc.) Hc pre prekrf krfof of `jhltï `jhltïij` ij`ee `hltrf `hltrfme me hl ces sjklji sjkljij`f j`fmes mes,, fvflzf fvflzf ulf mhijlj mhijlj`jð `jðl l f`hr`f mh cf mjmæ`tj`f7 Mhijlj`jðl7 Cf hlshöflzf `eoe pre`hse ohmjflth hc `ufc hc me`hlth y hc fcuole le sece fmqujhrhl fckule fck uless tjpes tjpes mh `ele`j `ele`jojh ojhlte ltess sjl `fcjij `fcjij`fr `fr `eoe `eoe f`tjvj f`tjvjmfm mfm quh tjhlh tjhlh `eoe `eoe prepðs prepðsjte jte prjl`jpfc cf `elstru``jðl mh `ele`jojhlte `el sjkljij`fme.
CF MJMÆ@]J@F MH CFP @JHL@JFP PE@JFCHP @EOE @JHL@JF PE@JFC @elstrujr ulf @jhl`jf @elstrujr @jhl`jf Pe`jfc Pe`jfc y ulf therïf f`hr`f f`hr`f mh `ðoe mhdh shr hlshö hlshöfmf fmf sel predchoætj`fs hpjsthoecðkj`fs sjojcfrhs. ^redchoætj`fs f suphrfr7 Cf fopcjf`jðl mh ces berjzelths, cekrfr cf trfs`hlmhl`jf, hs ul rhqujsjte pfrf cf `elstru``jðl mhc `te `jhltïij`e. Cf uljvhrsfcjmfm, mhdh shr ulf ohtf mh cfs @jhl`jfs Pe`jfchs Cf f``jðl mjmæ`tj`f hs ulf f``jðl erjhltfmf f ijlhs, hcces sel7 Cf jlvhstjkf`jðl hopïrj`f `el hc ijl mh hstfdch`hr su rf`jelfcjmfm. ^rhs`rjdjr ces ijlhs y ces ohmjes fprepjfmes pfrf cekrfrces. ^er ce quh hs jlmjsphlsfdch `eoprhlmhr cf rhcf`jðl `fusfc mhc pre`hse mh hlzf- fg fgh, h, mh oeme oeme quh quh hs lh lh`h `hsf sfrj rjee hstr hstru` u`tu turf rfrr mhlt mhltre re mh ul ofr` ofr`ee th thðr ðrj` j`e e jlthkrfme temes ces fperths mh cfs mjihrhlths `jhl`jfs. Vuh sh e`upfl mh hstumjfr mj`be pre`hse. Hste le cchvf f fvflzfr quh cf therïf mjmæ`tj`f le hs futðleof, hl hccf `elicuyhl fperths mh etrfs `jhl`jfs, phre hc EDGH]JYE MH CF MJMÆ@]J@F HP CF HLPHÖFLWF. Hc phlsfojhlte phlsfojhlte LEOE]Ê]J@ LEOE]Ê]J@E E y hc phlsfojhlte phlsfojhlte JMJEKTÆIJ@ JMJEKTÆIJ@E E rh`cfofl rh`cfofl su pfrtj` pfr tj`jpf jpf`jð `jðll y secj`j secj`jtfl tfl shr frtj`u frtj`ucfm cfmes es hl ces pre pre`hs `hses es mh `eoprh `eoprhlsj lsjðl- ðl- hxpcj`f`jðl y hl cf mhijlj`jðl mh leroftjvf mh cf mjmæ`tj`f. Xlf mjmæ`tj`f cfs @jhl`jfs yPe`jfchs. Hs ulmh`fojle Me`hlths y Fcuoles pfrf mh cf `elstru``jðl rhstfurf`jðl skmes fdjhrte se`jfchs,f hl mjvhrsfs
se`jhmfmhs y mjihrhlths ojrfmfs.
Le hxjsth ulf ÷lj`f hxpcj`f`jðl `fusfc mhc beodrh, cf se`jhmfm y cf `ucturf, hl teme `fse cfs hxpcj`f`jelhs `fusfchs oæs pemhresfs mh cf `elmj`jðl buoflf puhmh thlhr pcfusjdjcjmfm sjl shr jlthrprhtfmfs f cf cuz mhc oulme sjodðcj`e quh `elstjtuyh cf `ucturf buoflf (Drulhr).
@F^J]XCE JJ CF BJP]ETJF7 XLF THICHRJÐL PEDTH HC ^FPFME.XL @EO^TEOJPE @EL HC IX]XTE P. Kegofl Cf hlshöflzf mh cf bjsterjf sh `elvjhrth hl ul jlstruohlte mh rhichxjðl `rïtj`f. Cf rhfcjmfm mh cf hs`uhcf les ofr`f hc krfl mhsjlthrês per pfrth mh ces Fcuoles f`hr`f mhc `ele`jojhlte bjstðrj`e, sjl hodfrke hxjsth ul krfl jlthrês per pfrth mh cf se`jhmfm f`hr`f mh thxtes bjstðrj`es, per ce tflte hs lh`hsfrje jlthrrekfrsh, sedrh hsth thof hl rhcf`jðl fc `ele`jojhlte ierofc quh jopfrth cf hs`uhcf. Pjl cukfr f mumfs cf ierof hl quh sh jopfrthl ces `elthljmes hs ule mh ces if`terhs quh preve`fl mj`bfs `elsh`uhl`jfs, cf mhsfrtj`ucf`jðl mhc pfsfme `el hc prhshltf hs etre pulte quh jl`jmh, y quh bf`h quh cf bjsterjf `frhz`f mh sjkljij`fme pfrf hc Fcuole y rhsucth phsfme y thmjese pfrf su hstumje. Phræ lh`hsfrje eterkfrch mjlæoj`f f cf `cfsh, pfrf jlvecu`rfr f ces Fcuoles hl hc pre`hse, phre µ`ðoe bf`hr hste5 Jopfrtjr `cfshs hl melmh cf prhkultf shf hc mjspfrfmer `rhhoes hs ulf duhlf hstrfthkjf. µ@ðoe rh`elstrujr ces bh`bes bjstðrj`es5 µ@ðoe `eoprhlmhr ces ihlðohles Pe`jfchs pfsfmes y prhshlths5 Hs f pfrtjr mh prhkultfs, predchofs y hxpcj`f`jelhs `eoe ces bjsterjfmerhs cekrfl erkfljzfr y ghrfrqujzfr hc `ele`jojhlte. Mhltre mh ul ofr`e thðrj`e. Ihdvrh fijrof quh –hcfderfr ul bh`be hs `elstrujr‟, mh oeme quh `eoprhlmhr ul bh`be bjstðrj`e sjkljij`f quh ces Fcuoles oemjijquhl y fopcïhl sus jmhfs, sedrh ul pre`hse se`jfc, quh mhs`udrfl sus frtj`ucf`jelhs, cfs rhcf`jelhs, ces ihlðohles cfs `elsh`uhl`jfs ht`. Vuh hcces hcfderhl bjpðthsjs, `elirelthl jl jlie iero rof` f`je jelh lhss sfqu sfquhl hl sus sus prep prepjf jfss `e `el` l`cu cusj sjel elhs hs,, hl ijijll quh quh sh shfl fl ulf ulf rh`elstru``jðl mhc bh`be, pfrf pemhr `eoprhlmhr hc ihlðohle. Hsth hs hc edghtjve mh hlshöfr ulf bjsterjf fsï hl cf hs`uhcf hc mh rhichxjelfr f`hr`f mh `ðoe iuh, per quê qujêl, ht`. CF BJP]ETJF @EOE @JHL@JF. XL CFTKE @FOJLE7
F) µVuê hs cf bjsterjf5
Mfrch shltjme f cf vjmf mh ces jlmjvjmues y cfs lf`jelhs, jl`uc`fr hghopces oerfchs, sfl`jelfr cf meojlf`jðl mh ules beodrhs sedrh etres, iulmfr hc prhshlth y ermhlfr hc iuture jlohmjfte. Hc `el`hpte mh bjsterjf jl`cuyh cf rhfcjmfm bjstðrj`f tfc y `eoe pfse, e shf cf `jhl`jf quh prhthlmh mhvhcfr cf rhfcjmfm bjstðrj`f ohmjflth hc trfdfge mhc bjsterjfmer, Fberf djhl cf rhfcjmfm bjstðrj`f le sjhoprh `errhspelmh `el hc premu`te mhc `te bjstðrj`e @ele`jojhlte Bjstðrj`e7 ]jhlh ou`bfs vhrsjelhs y o÷ctjpchs phrsph`tjvfs yf quh hstæ bh`bf per beodrhs. Thfcjmfm bjstðrj`f hs7 Xl `elgulte mh mftes edghtjves quh jlmj`fl `eoe e`urrjhrel ces f`elth`jojhltes. Xl hghopce mh hste hs hc mhs`udrjojhlte mh Foêrj`f, ulf ojsof bjsterjf phre mjihrhlths jlthrprhtf`jelhs. D) µ@uæc hhss hc edghte mh cf bjsterjf5 bjsterjf5 Mhijlj Mhij ljrr cf `jhl `jhl`j `jff hs flth flth te teme me mhij mhijlj ljrr su edgh edghte te,, quh quh qujh qujhrh rh fc fc`f `flz lzfr fr.. ]rfmj`jelfcohlth cf bjsterjf sh e`upð mh ces beodrhs, ces krflmhs phrselfghs, hxpcj`fdf hxpcj `fdf sus f``jelhs, f``jelhs, sus `eopertfoj `eopertfojhltes hltes f pfrtjr pfrtjr mh sus fodj`jelhs fodj`jelhs mh pemhr, belrfmhz, ht`. @) µVujêl hs hc hc su sughte ghte mh mh cf bjsterjf5 bjsterjf5 ^frf hc sjkce RJR sh `eohlzð f e`upfr mhc luhve sughte LF@JÐL e ^XHDCE, hltel`hs su edghte mh hstumje mh mhsprhlmjð mh fccï., pfrf ohmjfmes mhc sjkce RR `eojhlzf f phlsfr hl têrojles mh sughte `ech`tjve, `eouljmfmhs, `cfshs, hstfohltes ht`. Hc beodrh hs sughte mh cf bjsterjf, hl cf ohmjmf quh gulte `el etres beodrhs ierofl krupes se`jfchs quh `elstjtuyhl ulf se`jhmfm. M) Cfs therïfs mh cf bjsterjf ]emfs ce quh jlthltfl jlthltfl mh oflhr oflhrff jopcï`j jopcï`jtf tf e hxpcï`jtf hs hxpcj`fr hxpcj`fr cf hvecu`jðl hvecu`jðl mh cf buofljmfm, sus phroflhl`jfs, sus `fodjes, trflsierof`jelhs, fvfl`hs, rhtre`hses, ht`. H) Cf edghtjvjmfm edghtjvjmfm mh cf bjsterjf bjsterjf Hs lh`hsfrje le `eliulmjr edghtjvjmfm `el vhrmfm, cf `jhl`jf bjstðrj`f jlthltf rh`elstrujr ul `ele`jojhlte ce oæs edghtjve pesjdch. Hsth `ele`jojhlte ce oæs edghtjve pesjdch sh bf`h f pfrtjr mh cf rh`ech``jðl y shch``jðl mh mftes, ces `ufchs bfl sjme rh`ech`tfmes dfge `rjthrjes sudghtjves, cfs vfcerf`jelhs, hxph`tftjvfs mhc `jhltïij`e, phre sjl phmhr mh vjstf hc `fræ`thr `jhltïij`e mh hstf d÷squhmf, sjhoprh y `uflme rh`elez`f hstes prjl`jpjes.
I) Cf `fusf `fusfcjm cjmfm fm hl cf bjste bjsterjf rjf. .
Pjl cfs hxpcj`f`jelhs `fusfchs cf bjsterjf hs jl`eoprhlsjdch, cf mhs`rjp`jðl mh f`elth`jojhltes, y pre`hses bjstðrj`es mhdh shr iulmfohltfcohlth hxpcj`ftjvf, per ce quh rhojth f cf d÷squhmf mh `fusfs. Ihdvrh iulmfmer hl hc sjkce RR mh cf Hs`uhcf Fllfchs, (Irfl`jf 6:4:) hl melmh hstf luhvf `th `uhstjelfdf cf bjsterjf pesjtjvjstf y `elstruïf ulf luhvf bjsterjf, cf Bjsterjf Pe`jfc, pfrf hsth futer7 –pcflthfr ul predchof, prh`jsfohlth, hc `eojhlze `eo jhlze y hc ijlfc mh temf bjsterjf. Pjl predchof le bfy bjsterjf‟. F pfrtjr mh ces föes ½;> cchkf cf jlicuhl`jf mh hstf hs`uhcf hl Foêrj`f Cftjlf y Frkhltjlf., phre quhmf rhmu`jmf f fckules æodjtes mhltre mh cf jlvhstjkf`jðl y hspf`jes f`fmêoj`es sjl fc`flzfr f ces me`hlths lj prekrfofs hs`ecfrhs. 6. Xlf ojrfmf ojrfmf mjihrhlth mjihrhlth sedrh cf rhfcjmfm rhfcjmfm bjstð bjstðrj`f rj`f –Hc pfsfme hs hc thof mhc bjsterjfmer‟ hstf hs ulf fijrof`jðl mh G. C. Teohre, y fkrhkf ulf shrjhs mh prhkultfs quh hlrjquh`hl f cf `jhl`jf mh cf `ufc sh e`upf, `elijrjêlmech ulf rhfcjmfm oæs `eopchgf h jlijljtf, quh cchvfl f ul oêteme ou`be oæs `eopchge, `el `rjthrjes mh flæcjsjs sjsthoftjzfme f oemhces hxpcj`ftjves ofs preiulmes y hxbfustjves. 4. Cf rhfcjmf rhfcjmfmm bjstðrj`f bjstðrj`f ces ces `fojles `fojles pfrf pfrf `eoprhlmh `eoprhlmhrcf. rcf. Thqujhrh Thqujh rh mh ul fde fdermf rmfgh gh flfcït flfcïtj`e j`e,, mh ces if`ter if`terhs hs h`e h`elðo lðoj`e j`es, s, pec pecïtj ïtj`es `es,, se`jfchs e ohltfchs. Hc `te quh pre`urf hcfderfr hc bjsterjfmer hs prhstfr fthl`jðl f ces mjstjltes fsph`tes `uyfs `eodjlf`jelhs hl hc tjhope y hl hc hspf`je `elijkurfl `fmf krupe se`jfc e se`jhmfm. Ljvhc h`elðoj`e7 f`tjvjmfmhs h`elðoj`fs, premu``jðl y mjstrjdu`jðl mh ce cess dj djhl hlhs hs,, sh shrv rvj` j`je jess h jl jlsu suoe oes. s. Flfc Flfcjz jzfr fr `e `eoe oe erkf erkflj ljzf zfll hs hstf tfs s f`t `tjv jvjm jmffmhs, mhs, ofl ofle mh ed edrrf, rh` h`uurs rses es lftur fturfc fchhs, th th`l `lec ecek ekïïf, cf erkfljzf`jðl se`jfc mh cf premu``jðl, cf mjstrjdu`jðl y hc `elsuoe.
Ljvhc se`jfc7 Ierof mh erkfljzf`jðl, qujêlhs sel ces f`terhs se`jfchs y `ðoe sh hxprhsfl hl sus `elicj`tes.
Ljvhc pecïtj`e7 Flfcjzfr `uhstjelhs rhcftjvfs fc pemhr mhc Hstfme y f cf erkfljzf`jðl jlstjtu`jelfc mh cf se`jhmfm.
Ljvhc mh cfs ohltfcjmfmhs7 Hstumjf hc `elgulte mh @jhl`jfs, sfdhrhs, epjljelhs epjlj elhs y vfcerhs vfcerhs quh `elstjtuyhl `elstjtuyhl cf ohlth mh ces jlthkrflths jlthkrflths mh ulf se`jhmfm. Pel hc `elgulte mh jmhfs y vfcerhs , `eltrfmj``jelhs quh cf se`jhmfm f`hptf `eoe lfturfchs y edvjes.
0. Th`elstrujr cf cf rhfcjmfm bjstðrj`f hs tfrhf mhc bjsterjfmer.
Cf ve`f`jðl prepjf hs cf sïlthsjs, ch te`f rh`ekhr ces rhsuctfmes mh cfs jlvhstjkf`jelhs cchvfmfs f `fde hl ces meojljes pecïtj`es, h`elðoj`es, se`jfchs ht`êthrf y rhuljrces hl ulf vjsjðl kcedfc. E`upfrsh mh mhs`udrjr hl hc shle mh ulf kcedfcjmfm cfs frtj`ucf`jelhs vhrmfmhrfs. ^rh`jsfr cf ghrfrquïf mh ces pre`hses quh sh mhsfrreccfl hl `/u mh ces ljvhchs hstumjfmes. Hs cf tfrhf mhc bjsterjfmer mhs`udrjr cfs frtj`ucf`jelhs sjkljij`ftjvfs, ojrfr cf rhfcjmfm hl têrojle mh pre`hses h jl`cujr cfs le`jelhs mh tjhope y thoperfcjmfm.
Ces tjhopes sel mjihrhlths7 per hghopce, Hc mh ul `fodje mh kedjhrle, ulf `rjsjs h`elðoj`f, hc `fodje mh cfs `rhhl`jfs mhc beodrh. Hc tjhope mh ces ohmjes o hmjes mh `eoulj`f`jðl (cf jlohmjfthz) Ces tjhopes oæs chltes ces quh sh ojmhl hl mê`fmfs e föes Xl thr`hr tjpe mh tjhope, hc quh le sh puhmh ohmjr, quh sh rhijhrh f ces ihlðohles quh le puhmhl rhkjstrfrsh hl su tetfcjmfm per ces jlmjvjmues y quh oemjij`fl cf hstru`turf ojsof mh cf se`. (phrïemes cfrkes mh `rh`jojhlte, `rjsjs, rhtre`hses, `fodje mh `estuodrh ht`.) F OEME MH @JHTTH ^elh hl `eltf`te f luhstres fcuoles `el cf bjsterjf, chs phrojth mhsfrreccfr cf `fpf`jmfm mh guzkfr per sj ojsoes y mh rh`ele`hrsh `eoe pfrth mh hccf. Cf hlshöflzf mh cf bjsterjf hs tfodjêl `elstrujr cf ierof`jðl mh ulf `el`jhl`jf bjstðrj`f, pfrf quh hc prðxjoe `fpjtuce shf hs`rjte per hcces. @F^J]XCE JJJ XL MHPFIÏE ^FTF CF KHEKTFIÏF7 HR^CJ@FT HC OXLME THFC Tfquhc Kurhvj`b. ^rhshltf`jðl7 Cf khekrfiïf hs`ecfrjzfmf hs ulf vhrsjðl cfvfmf y mhs`ece`fmf mh cf rhfcjmfm `elthoperælhf. Hccf mhs`rjdh trezes mhc pcflhtf rhcftflme sus `frf`thrïstj`fs `eoe `eoe sj iuhr iuhrfl fl pest pestfc fchs hs `e `elk lkhc hcfm fmfs fs.. Pj f` f`hp hptf tfoe oess quh quh hc hs hstu tumj mjee mh cf suphrij`jh thrrhstrh hs su prjl`jpfc edghtjve, tfc jlthl`jðl le cchkf f sftjsif`hr, puhs le fc`flzf f mfr `uhltf mh ces `fodjes quh sh premu`hl y pfrtj`ucfrohlth hl ul oulme quh sh trflsierof f pfses fkjkfltfmes. Cf Khekrfiïf mh cf hs`uhcf hs cf Khekrfiïf mhc sjkce RJR y prjl`jpjes mhc RR, hlthlmjmf `eoe ulf `jhl`jf mh cukfrhs. Cf Khekrfiïf hs`ecfr mh trfmj`jðl Ir Irfl fl`h `hsf sf pr prht hthl hlmh mh e` e`uc uctf tfrr `e `eli licjcj`t `tes es,, `eltr eltrfm fmj` j``j `jel elhs hs y `uhst uhstjjelhs elhs predchoætj`fs. Cf rhfcjmfm quh hs `eopchgf, o÷ctjpch y `eltrfmj`terjf, les f`hr`f f mjfrje sjtuf`jelhs predchoætj`fs quh ohrh`hl `uhstjelfrsh `eoe edghte mh hstumje mh luhstrf mjs`jpcjlf.
Cf rhcf`jðl mh cf Khekrfiïf y hc predchof mh su hstumje puhmh rhsecvhrsh fc e`upfrles mh ces predchofs thrrjterjfchs f`tufchs.
F. Hsth rh`erth mh cf rhfcjmfm quh sh prhshltf `eoe sjkljij`ftjvf, tr trffs`h s`hlmhl lmhlth th,, `e `eli liccj` j`tj tjvf vf mhdh mhdh sh shrr hs hstu tumj mjfm fmff hl su suss o÷c o÷ctj tjpc pchs hs mjohlsjelhs. Le shræ ul sfdhr per sfdhr ojsoe, sjle ul sfdhr pfrf trfdfgfr `el ces Fcuoles hl ul `ele`hr pfrf jlthrvhljr, pfrf mh`jmjr, `fodjfr, `rjtj`fr y hlthlmhr hc oulme hl hc quh sh vjvh. ^frf sjtufrsh ohger7 Mjstjltfs `errjhlths khekræij`fs7 Mhthrojljsoe lfturfc7.............ihlðohles `jr`uls`rjptes fc æodjte mh cf suphrij`jh thrrhstrh. @er @errjh rjhlth lth rhkjel rhkjelfcj fcjstf stf,, buoflj buofljstf stf.. ..... ..... ..... ...... .....H ..Hcc `ele`j `ele`jojh ojhlte lte mh ce buofle buof le sh rhfcjzf per ohmje mh `fses pfrtj`ucfrh pfrtj`ucfrhss (÷lj`f (÷lj`f hx`hp`jðl, hx`hp`jðl, ce jrrhphtjdch, hste sh ccfof hx`hp`jeljsoe hl Khekrfiïf). Cf luhvf Khekrfiïf E Khekrfiïf `ufltjtftjvf..............Mhspuês mh cf 4¾ kuhrrf oulmjfc, rhhmjtf cf pesturf pesjtjvjstf y föfmh etres luhves7 cf lhepesjtjvjstf, sh `elstruyhl oemhces fbjstðrj`es, trfdfgf `el ulf krfl `fltjmfm mh mftes phre le bfy rhcf`jðl hltrh cf `fltjmfm y cf hxpcj`f`jðl mh ces ojsoes. Cf Khekrfiïf @rïtj`f7.................................^repelh ulf ojrfmf kcedfc h jlthkrfmerf y ljhkf cf lhutrfcjmfm mh cf `jhl`jf, hc hspf`je hs rh`uphrfme sh ce `ele`h `eoe ul premu`te se`jfc, hs hc quh cf Pe`jhmfm `elstruyh, oemjij`f y `rhf mh oeme quh cf premu``jðl mhc hspf`je hs sjhoprh se`jfc, le sh ljhkf ce lfturfc, sh rhcftjvjzf, sh `elsjmhrf mhltre mh ul pre`hse bjstðrj`e. Mjstjltfs vhrsjelhs mh cf rhcf`jðl lfturfchzf - Pe`jhmfm7 @eoe `fodjf hl hc oulme rhfc, tfodjêl cfs `el`hp`jelhs mhc ojsoe, le sel hthrlfs sjle `elstrujmfs bjstðrj`fohlth. Mjihrhlths pesturfs7 F. Yhrsjðl trfmj`jelfc7 P. Y y P. JY F@. Z rhfpfrh`h hl hc P RYJJJ, cf lfturfchzf hghr`h jlicuhl`jf sedrh hc Beodrh. D. Hc `el`hpt `el`hptee mhc ohmje fodjhlt fodjhlth, h, P. RJR rh`ekh rh`ekh jmhfs jmhfs mhc hvecu`jeljsoe. @. Hc Beodrh Beodrh erkflj erkfljzfme zfmerr y `rhfme `rhfmerr mhc ohmj ohmjee sh bfdcf bfdcf mh pfsfgh mh buofljzfme, sh hltjhlmh f prjl`jpje mhc Pjkce `eoe if`ter khekræij`e. M. Mhsm Mhsmhh ohmj ohmjfm fmes es mh Pj Pjkc kcee sh rh rh``ele` ele`hl hl 4 krf krflmhs lmhs `e `err rrjh jhllth ths. s. Xlf Xlf hs fquhc quhccf cf hl cf quh quh phrm phrmuurf ces ces `e `el` l`hp hptes tes lftu lfturf rfcjcjst stfs fs,, h` h`es esjs jsth thof ofss y khes khesjs jsth thof ofs, s, pfcfdrfs `cfvhs mh hstf pesturf. Cf etrf pesturf quh pelh êlifsjs hl cf f``jðl buoflf sedrh hc ohmje iïsj`e, y cf ierof`jðl mh luhves ohmjes, `eoe cf ierof`jðl mh `jumfmhs frtjij`jfchs, cf mhkrfmf`jðl fodjhltfc, ht`. Khekrfiïf iïsj`f ‐ Khekrfiïf buoflf.
Cf mjvjsjðl hltrh fodfs Khekrfiïfs hs ij`tj`jf, puhs yf le hxjsth hl ljlk÷l cukfr mhc pcflhtf quh puhmf `el`hdjrsh `eoe lfturfc, temes hstæl joprhklfmes mh ul oeme u etre per cf f``jðl hc beodrhs. ^frf hxpcj`fr ohger7 Ch `fdh `fdh f luhs luhstr trff `j `jhl hl`j `jff cf tfrh tfrhff mh `e `eop oprh rhlm lmhr hr `e `eoe oe sh frtj frtj`u `ucf cfl l bjstðrj`fohlth cf lfturfchzf y cf se`jhmfm. @el`hptes y frkuohltf`jelhs ohtemecðkj`fs mh cf mjs`jpcjlf7 Hspf`jes premu`jmes7 Hs ul `elgulte mh `esfs y rhcf`jelhs gultfs, –Ces mjihrhlths oemes hl cf utjcjzf`jðl mhc thrrjterje sjkljij`fl ulf vfcerf`jðl mjstjltf mh cf lfturfchzf. Cf lfturfchzf y cf se`jhmfm mhdhl hlthlmhrsh frtj`ucfrohlth, hl hsth pre`hse mh vfcerf`jðl hc hspf`je mjstjlkujoes cfs sjkujhlths ifshs7 Fprepjf`jðl mh ces ohmjes lfturfchs @rhf`jðl mh ulf lfturfchzf frtjij`jfc y fprepjf`jðl mh hccf. @rhf`jðl y fprepjf`jðl mh ierofs hspf`jfchs Thsuctfme `el`rhte mh cf rhcf`jelhs mh premu``jðl vjkhlth mh cf êpe`f Hc pfjsfgh trflsierofme7 Hc pfjsfgh lfturfc bey mïf præ`tj`fohlth le hxjsth, bf sjme trflsierofme per hc beodrh, `elstjtuyhlme hc pfjsfgh frtjij`jfc, h hcces pemhoes oestrfr mjihrhlths edghtes phrthlh`jhlths f mjstjltes oeohltes lfturfcjzfmes hl hc pfjsfgh. Mhsmh cf rhfcjmfm y bf`jf hccf7 Mh cf rhfcjmfm sh hxtrfhl hchohltes pfrf phlsfr hc oulme. Cf edshrvf`jðl e`upf ul cukfr `cfvh, ce quh sh vh y ce quh le sh vh quh ierofl ulf uljmfm quh mhdh shr hxpcj`fmf. ^frf `eoprhlmhrcf mhdhoes pfsfr f ulf `elstru``jðl `el`hptufc. F pfrtjr mhc flæcjsjs mh sjtuf`jelhs `el`rhtfs (le tjhlh quh sh lh`hsfrjfohlth `hr`flfs) pemhoes phlsfr f cf erkfljzf`jðl hspf`jfc. Cf rhfcjmfm quh hstumjfoes hstæ jlshrtf hl ul `elgulte mh rhcf`jelhs oæs krfchs mh oeme quh fc hstumjfr fsph`tes pfrtj`ucfrhs mhc ihlðohle, sh `ele`hl hchohltes mhc teme. Cfs hs`fcfs y hc tjhope hl cf Khekrfiïf7 @fmf hs`fcf `errhspelmh f ul ljvhc mh jlthl`jelfcjmfm mjstjltf, ce`fc, rhkjelfc, oulmjfc. Le puhmhl hlthlmhrsh hl ierof jlmhphlmjhlths ules mh etres. et res. ^er etre cfme cf Khekrfiïf hstumjf ul `elgulte jlthkrfme mh ihlðohles quh e` e`ur urrh rhll hl ph phrï rïem emes es mh tjtjho hope pe.. ^emh ^emhoe oess rh rh`e `ele le`h `hrr tjtjho hopes pes bj bjst stðr ðrj` j`es es mjihrhlths, puhs hl hcces `ehxjsthl `esfs mhc pfsfme, prhshlth y iuture. Oulmjfcjzf`jðl y kcedfcjzf`jðl7 Krflmhs `fodjes th`lecðkj`es y premu`tjves bfl e`urrjme f pfrtjr mh cfs ÷ctjofs mê`fmfs, quh bfl cchvfme f ulf `rh`jhlth kcedfcjzf`jðl hl ces jlthr`fodjes `eohr`jfchs y hl cf `jr`ucf`jðl mh cf jlierof`jðl mjspeljdch. Fsjstjoes f ul oeohlte bjstðrj`e hl hc quh sh fthlmjhlme f cf luhvf mjvjsjðl thrrjterjfc trfdfge, `jr`ucf`jðl, cf hhsph`jfcjzf`jðl. @ufl @u flme me cfmhcpr premu emu`` ``jð jðl`rh`h l sh cfou oulm lmjf jfcjcjzf zf,, cfhc oevjojhlte, pesj pesjdj djcjcjmf mfmm quh qu tjtjhl hlhh `fmf `fmf cu cukf kfr r
(rh`urses lfturfchs, pedcf`jðl,) rhsuctfl iulmfohltfchs pfrf mhijljr su pfphc hl hc oulme.
Cf rhkjðl y ces `jr`ujtes mh premu``jðl Bey `el cf jlthrlfcjzf`jðl mh cf h`eleoïf bfy ulf tetfc jlthrmhphlmhl`jf mh cfs ærhfs, sh rhcf`jelfl, hstæl fdjhrtfs, vjl`ucfdchs, le sel futðleofs. Bfy quh bf`hr ul shkujojhlte mh cf ifsh premu`tjvf bfstf hc `elsuojmer ijlfc, premu``jðl prjofrjf, ifsh jlmustrjfc, `eohr`jfcjzf`jðl ht`. Jopcj`f fmhoæs ul flæcjsjs mhc pfphc mh ces mjihrhlths f`terhs se`jfchs y fkhlths h`elðoj`es jlthrv jlt hrvjlj jljhlt hlths. hs. Jopert Jopertff le sece sece fquhcc fquhcces es quh sh hl`uhl hl`uhltrf trfll hl ul ofr`e ofr`e rhkjelfc mhthrojlfme thrrjterjfcohlth sjle sjtufmes iuhrf mh hsh sudhspf`je y sjl `uyf jlthrvhl`jðl le sh pemrïf rh`ele`hr e hvfcufr fmh`ufmfohlth su pre`hse. Hstfs rhcf`jelhs vjl`ucfmfs uljmfs mhltre mh ulf f`tjvjmfm `hltrfc hl cf quh ules fkhlths premu`hl jlsuoes pfrf etres bfstf quh ijlfcohlth hc premu`te ijlfc hltrh hl hc `j`ce mhc `elsuoe e cf jlvhrsjðl iuhrf mh cf rhkjðl flfcjzfmf Thichxjðl ijlfc Hc pre`hse mh `te mh cf rhfcjmfm se`jfc mh cf K tjhlh ul cukfr jopertflth hl cf ohmjmf quh hl hccf sh hl`uhltrh hc pfsfme, prhshlth y iuture. @eoe sh fcjohltf mhc oevjojhlte mhc oulme, cf pesjdjcjmfm mh trfdfgfr hl hc prhshlth jlthltflme hlthlmhr hc oulme rhfc y f sus trflsierof`jelhs. Ph trftf mh hstfr fthltes f cfs hxprhsjelhs f`tufchs mh cf `ucturf y mh cf lfturfchzf `eoe f sus jlthrvhl`jelhs.
@F^J]XCE YJ ^FTF VXÊ Z @ÐOE ]TFDFGFT HL HC FXCF @EL CEP @ELE@JOJHL]EP MH CEP FCXOLEP7 XL F^ET]H MH CF ^PJ@ECEKÏF KHLÊ]J@F F CF MJMÆ@]J@F MH HP]XMJEP PE@JFCHP ^FTF CF HP@XHCF ^TJOFTJF Dhftrjz Fjshodhrk Dhftrjz Fjshodhrk JL]TEMX@@JÐL. Cf iul`jðl quh `uopch cf psj`ecekïf hl rhcf`jðl `el cf mjmæ`tj`f hs jlstruohltfc , drjlmf `ele`jojhltes quh sel lh`hsfrjes pfrf cf `elstru``jðl mh ulf therïf mjmæ`tj`f y pfrf `eltrjdujr f kfrfltjzfr hc `uopcjojhlte mh mhthrojlfmfs ohtfs hmu`ftjvfs hl hc `fope mh cf præ`tj`f mh cf hlshöflzf. Cf mjmæ`tj`f mhdh teofr mh cf psj`ecekïf ces `tes quh lh`hsjtf hl iul`jðl mh ces edghtjves quh sh prepelkf pfrf jlthkrfrces `el ces rhstflths `eopelhlths tflte hl hc pcfle mh cf therïf `eoe mh cf præ`tj`f. Xl fperth mh cf psj`ecekïf khlêtj`f7 ^frf cf ^sj`ecekïf Khlêtj`f teme luhve `ele`jojhlte sh erjkjlf f pfrtjr mh `ele`jojhltes flthrjerhs. ^frf hccf `ele`hr hs eterkfr e `elstrujr sjkljij`fmes. Ces sjkljij`fmes quh `fmf sughte puhmh mfr f ul edghte mh `ele`jojhlte mhph mh phlm lmhh mh cf ther therïf ïf y le`j le`jel elhs hs quh quh bfyf bfyf `e `els lstr truj ujme me hs hshh su sugh ghte te hl su
mhsfrrecce jlthch`tufc. Hl cf ohmjmf quh sh jl`erperfl luhves sjkljij`fmes f hsth ofr`e, hsth sh vf hlrj hl rjqu quh` h`jh jhlm lme. e. ^fsf ^fsfoes oes mh ul ofr` ofr`ee mh `ele `ele`j `joj ojhl hltes tes f ule ule mh ofyer ofyer
`ele`jojhlte, mh fquï mhrjvf hc shltjme mh thlhr hl `uhltf ces `ele`jojhltes prhvjes hl cfs f`tjvjmfmhs mh fprhlmjzfgh, sjhlme ul pfphc iulmfohltfc pfrf cf `elstru``jðl mh `ele`jojhltes Xle mh ces pestucfmes dæsj`es mh cf therïf hs hc jlthrf``jeljsoe ,le bfy `elstru``jðl mh `ele`jojhlte sjle hxjsth jlthrf``jðl `el hc edghte f `ele`hr. Xlf fprexjof`jð fprexjof`jðll f cfs cfs `frf`th `frf`thrïstj rïstj`fs `fs mh ces ces `ele`jojh `ele`jojhltes ltes prhvjes prhvjes mh ces ljöes pfrf hc fprhlmjzfgh mh ces `elthljmes mhc ærhf mh hstumjes se`jfchs se`jfchs F ‐ Hc `ele`jojhlte jlifltjc sedrh hc oulme se`jfc Hc ofr`e ofr`e fsjojcfmer fsjojcfmer pfrf sjkljij`f sjkljij`frr ces `elthljmes `elthljmes mhc ærhf mh hstumjes hstumjes se`jfchs hstf `elstjtujmf per ul `elgulte mh therïfs y le`jelhs sedrh hc oulme se`jfc se` jfc ,quh ,quh ces ljöes ljöes `elstr `elstruyh uyhrel rel hl su pre prepjf pjf bjster bjsterjf jf mh jlthrf jlthrf``j ``jelh elhs s se`jfchs. Fckulfs `frf`thrïstj`fs `frf`thrïstj`fs sedrh hc oulme se`jfc. 6- Ce Cess lj ljöe öess cccchk hkfl fl f cf hs`uh hs`uhcf cf `el jmhfs jmhfs sedrh sedrh hc oulme oulme se`jfc, le vjhlhl vf`ïes. ]jhlhl jmhfs sedrh cf ifojcjf ,cf `jumfm, cf futerjmfm, cf gustj`jf ,cf h`eleoïf. 4- Thfc Thfcjz jzfl fl `e `els lstr tru` u``j `jel elhs hs prep prepjf jfss y erjk erjkjl jlfc fchs hs,, le rh rh`j `jdh dhl l pfsjvfohlth cf jlierof`jðl mh ces fmuctes sjle quh rhfcjzfl ul trfdfge jlthch`tufc cjkfme f sus prepjfs jlthrf``jelhs se`jfchs. Ph pcflthfl jlthrrekflths y ieroucfl bjpðthsjs erjkjlfchs f`hr`f mh ces edghtes `el ces `ufchs jlthrf`t÷fl 0- Hl cf ohmj ohmjmf mf quh hc `ele` `ele`jo jojh jhlt ltee sh `elst `elstjtjtuy uyhh hl cfs jlthrf``j jlthr f``jelhs elhs mhc sughte sughte `el hc edghte edghte mh `te cf jmhfs jmhfs quh ces ljöes `elstruyhl hl hstrh`bf rhcf`jðl `el hc tjpe mh jlthrf``jðl quh vjvhl =- Pu hxph hxphrjhl rjhl`jf `jf se`jfc se`jfc jl`cuyh jl`cuyh jlierof`j jlierof`jelhs elhs sedrh sedrh cukfrhs cukfrhs `hr`fles y chgfles rh`jdjmf f trfvês mh ces fmuctes y mh ces ohmj oh mjes es mh `e `eou oulj lj`f `f`j `jðl ðl,, f ce cess `u `ufc fchs hs ce cess lj ljöe öess mfl mfl sjkljij`fme. 8- Ces sjkljij sjkljij`fmes `fmes qu quhh eterkfl eterkfl f ces edghtes edghtes mhc mhc oulme oulme se`jfc se`jfc rhspelmhl f ulf cðkj`f mhthrojlfmf, per ce `ufc kufrmfl `ebhrhl`jf hltrh sjle sel sjkljij`fmes `ufcqujhrf 9- Cfs therïfs therïfs jliflt jlifltjch jchss sedrh sedrh hc oulme oulme se`jfc se`jfc sel mjihrhl mjihrhlths ths mh cfs `el`hp`jelhs mh ces fmuctes, prhshltfl mjstersjelhs y ou`bïsjofs cfkulfs. D- Fckulfs jmhfs sedrh hc ofr`e fsjojcfmer pfrf hc fprhlmjzfgh mh cf bjsterjf Hc oulme se`jfc se`jfc sh `el`jdh `el`jdh `eoe fcke hstætj`e hstætj`e hc `fodje `fodje e`upf ul cukfr cukfr ouy rhmu`jme. Pu hvecu`jðl bjstðrj`f sh hltjhlmh `el krflmhs mjij`uctfmhs. Cf prjohr jmhf mh ces ljöes hs quh hc oulme se`jfc sjhoprh iuh `eoe hs fberf. Hc prjohr oeohlte hl quh `el`jdhl mjihrhl`jfrce mjihrhl`jfrce hs hc erjkhl mh cf vjmf e mhc beodrh.
Lesetres vfcerfoes Lesetres vfcerfoes cf bjsterjf bjsterjf perquh phlsfoes phlsfoes quh fyumfræ fyumfræ f ces ljöes f `eoprhlmhr ohger cf sjtuf`jðl f`tufc, phre hcces pfrf `eoprhlmhr cf se`jhmfm
mhc pfsfme, utjcjzfl `el`hptufcjzf`jelhs quh tjhlh sedrh cf se`jhmfm f`tufc premu`jêlmesh mjstersjelhs hl cf `eoprhlsjðl sedrh hc pfsfme, perquh chs ftrjduyhl sjkljij`fmes quh sel mh cf rhfcjmfm. Hc Me`h Me`hlt lthh mhdh mhdh prep prepel elhr hr ulf ulf tfrh tfrhff mh fd fder ermf mfgh gh mj mjst stjl jlte te f cf luhv luhvf f jliero jli erof`j f`jðl ðl `el hc edghtj edghtjve ve mh quh hstfdc hstfdchz` hz`fl fl mjihrh mjihrhl`j l`jfs. fs. Hs jopert jopertflt flth h fthlmhr f cfs sjkljij`f`jelhs pfrtj`ucfrhs quh mfl ces ljöes f ces `elthljmes quh chs hlshöfoes pfrf pemhr jlthrvhljr. Pj le jlthrvhljoes y le flucfoes cfs mjstersjelhs le pemrhoes rhmu`jr cfs mjstfl`jfs y ces hrrerhs quh sh premu`hl hl ces fprhlmjzfghs. Cf iul`jðl mh ces `ele`jojhltes prhvjes hl hc fprhlmjzfgh mh luhves `elthljmes Hs f pfrtjr mh ces `ele`jojhltes prhvjes quh ces ljöes jlthrprhtfrfl ce quh chs hlshöfoes fulquh hstes `ele`jojhltes prhshlthl hrrerhs f`hr`f mhc oulme se`jfc quh hcces `el`jdhl ,mhphlmh mh cf mh`jsjðl mh ces fmuctes mh thlhrces hl `uhltf e le. Hs joprhs`jlmjdch mhsfrreccfr ul trfdfge frtj`ucfmer hltrh ces luhves `elthljmes y cfs jmhfs mh ces ljöes fulquh shf mjiï`jc mh cekrfr, sj les `hltrfoes sece hl ces ces `e `elt lthl hljm jmes es ifver ifverh` h`ho hoes es cf rhph rhphtjtj`j `jðl ðl oh`æ oh`ælj lj`f `f,, rh rhsp spel elmj mjhl hlme me f ulf ulf ohtemecekïf ohtemec ekïf hlzf trfmj`jelfc trfmj`jelfc,, hl vhz mh trfdfgfr trfdfgfr hl krupes krupes mh jlvhstjkf` jlvhstjkf`jelhs jelhs melm me lmhh ce cess Fcuol uoles jlth jlthlt lthl hl hc hcffder derfr ces `e `elt lthl hljm jmes es jl jlth thrp rprh rhtf tfrc rces es,, `uhstjelfrces y eterkfrchs sjkljij`fmes . Hl hc etre hxtrhoe hl`eltrfoes ulf oemfcjmfm mh trfdfge melmh sece ces `ele`jojhltes prhvjes sel jopertflths `el `bfrcfs cfrkfs hl melmh sh prepjlf quhh ces qu ces Fc Fcuo uole less mjkf mjkfll ce quh sfdhl sfdhl y cf `cfsh `cfsh hs jl jlth thro rojl jlfdc fdchs hs Pj le prepelhoes f`tjvjmfmhs `el jlierof`jðl melmh sh frtj`uchl ces `ele`jojhltes prhvjes y ces `ele`jojhltes luhves hc fprhlmjzfgh le tjhlh shltjme . µVuê sel ces `ele`jojhltes prhvjes5 ^frf cf ^sj`ecekïf Khlêtj`f sel cfs therïfs y le`jelhs yf `elstrujmfs per hc sughte pfrf ul `fope hsph`jij`e mh `ele`jojhlte. Hs jopertflth thlhr hl `uhltf cf jlierof`jðl quh peshhl ces ljöes `eoe pulte mh pfrt pfrtjm jmf, f, hs duhl duhlee suph suphrf rfrr cf jl jlie iero rof` f`jð jðll dus` dus`fl flme me hx hxpc pcj` j`f` f`je jelh lhss y iulmfohltflme ces sjkljij`fmes . Xlf hlzf mh ces hstumjes se`jfchs se`jfchs quh prhthlmf ierofr jlmjvjmues `rïtj`es `rïtj`es mhdh ifverh`hr hc hs`cfrh`jojhlte mh ces prhguj`jes mh ces Fcuoles. Mhthrojlf`jðl mh ces `elthljmes f hlshöfr ]jhlh hl ohlth quh le sðce guhkfl `rjthrjes mjs`jpcjlfrhs sjle quh hstêl jopcï`jtes ces edghtjves quh mfl shltjme f cf hlzf `el `jhrtes vfcerhs y quh le sh rhmuz`f f ul `elgulte mh bh`bes .
@F^Ï]XCE YJJ XLF MJMÆ@]J@F MH CE PE@JFC7 MHC GFTMÏL MH JLIFL]HP F ]HT@HT KTFME Pjcvjf Fcmhrequj ]emes `ejl`jmhl hl quh cfs se`jhmfmhs prhthlmhl rhpremu`jr ulf shrjh mh vfcerhs se`jfchs hl cfs cfs luhvfs khlhrf`jelhs y cfs `jhl`jfs `jhl`jfs se`jfchs sel ul ærhf prjvjchkjfmf pfrf hc cekre mh mj`bes ijlhs ^repuhstf mjmæ`tj`f 7 pfrth `el ul hgh erkfljzfme hl fodjhlth ,ohmje ,hlterle `elthljme y oêtemes . Ph `hltrfrf hl hc fodjhlth se`jfc `uye `elthljme le hs etre quh hc beodrh , su hlterle y cf jlthrrhcf`jðl hltrh fodes . ]eme fodjhlth hmu`f, teme ce quh les remhf hs ulf ierof sjchl`jes mh hlshöflzf . Hc hspf`je hl quh vjvh cf jlifl`jf hs mh ulf oæxjof `fpf`jmfm hxpcerfterjf , hs hc sughte hc quh metf mh shltjme y sjkljij`fmes ces cukfrhs. Hc ohmje fodjhlth le jl`cuyh secfohlth hc `eopelhlth jlmjvjmufc, sudghtjve y vjvhl`jfc sjle quh tjhlh ulf iuhrth `eopelhlth se`jfc y `ucturfc. `ucturfc. Hl hc ljvhc mh Hmu`f`jðl Jlj`jfc sh bfl vhljme trftflme ces `elthljmes se`jfchs mhsmh thofs `eoe 7 Cf ifojcjf Hc dfrrje Hc trflsperth Ijhstfs pftrjfs ^frf quh teohl `el`jhl`jf mh ces `elthljmes quh rhfcohlth sel sjkljij`ftjves ,mhsmh ulf rhfcjmfm prðxjof, y fchgfmf sjl pfræohtres. Hc `ele`jojhlte se`jfc7 cu`hs y seodrfs Ces edghtjves mhc `ele`jojhlte `ele`jojhlte le sh jmhltjij`fl jmhltjij`fl `el cf rhfcjmfm sjle quh quh sel rh`erths mh cf ojsof. Pj sece sh vfch mh cf hs`uhcf pfrf vhr sjl phr`jdjr hc trfsielme mh ce jlohmjfte hc sughte sh cjojtf f rhkjstrfr sjl `eoprhlmhr y fc`flzfr ulf pesjdjcjmfm mh jmhltjmfm `ech`tjvf, sh prepelh per ce tflte ulf f`tjvjmfm mh `elstru``jðl mhc edghte mh `ele`jojhlte `el cf jlthrf``jðl `el hc ohmje. Hc edghte se`jfc7 rfrhzfs y ph`ucjfrjmfmhs Hc Edghte Pe`jfc tjhlh quh vhr `el hc oeme mh `ele`hrce . Hl hc `fse mh ces `ele`jojhltes se`jfchs ces ces sughtes quh `ele`hl cf rhfcjmfm sel sel sughtes se`jfchs, jlthltfl `ele`hr hc edghte quh hcces ojsoes `elstjtuyhl. ^frth mh ces `te mh ces Fcuoles pelhrces f pruhdf y preve`fr su `elireltf`jðl y fvfl`h ,fpertfr sfdhrhs f ces Fcuoles oæs quh mhgfrces f cf mhrjvf mh ces `elmj`jelfojhltes se`je`ucturfchs mh cf ifojcjf, `cfsh se`jfc y ohmje mh `eoulj`f`jðl. Hc predchof mjmæ`tj`e y hc ohmje fodjhlth7 trfmj`jðl y prepuhstf
]rfmj`jðl7 sh bfl edthljme ouy pe`fs jlierof`jelhs hl sjtuf`jðl mh fucf y irhlth f mjspesjtjves mjmæ`tj`es. Cf hs`fsf fsjojcf`jðl mh ces
`ele`jojhlte sh hxpcj`f f trfvês mh ces cjojths hstru`turfchs hstru`turfchs mhc mhsfrrecce `ekljtjve mh ces Fcuoles. ^repuhstf7 @elstrujr tê`lj`fs hmu`ftjvfs quh rhsphthl hc mhsfrrecce mh cfs `el`hp`jelhs mh ces Fcuoles, le rhlul`jfr f hlshöflzf mh ulf mjs`jpcjlf `eopchgf pfrf hsth ljvhc .
Hc tjhope mh ces fcuoles ^frf `ele`hr hs`ecfrohlth hc hlterle hc Fcuole lh`hsjtf hltfdcfr ul vhrmfmhre mjæceke `el hc . Cf hs`uhcf hs ul cukfr melmh hc Fcuole puhmh fprhlmhr f `elstrujr cfs rhcf`jelhs jlthrjlmjvjmufchs erjhltfmfs f ulf `elmu`tf se`jfc hl iul`jðl f sus lh`hsjmfmhs, hlthlmhr cf erkfljzf`jðl se`jfc y `eoe tfc oemjij`frcf. Murflth hc mïf hs`ecfr ,(hxphrjhl`jfs) ,(hxphrjhl`jfs) hltrf hl `eltf`te `el hc ohmje phre thljhlme ulf jlthl`jelfcjmfm mjmæ`tj`f, jlthrrekflme fc fodjhlth hl iul`jðl mh ces `el`hptes y rh rh trfdfgflme cf jlierof`jðl edthljmf bfstf bfstf cchkfr f khlhrfcjzf`jelhs pfrf `fmf htfpf hmu`ftjvf. Cf sh`uhl`jf mjmæ`tj`f Ces ljöes le vfl f `jhkfs f `ele`hr hc edghtjve y cf prepuhstf, sfdhl `ufc hs hc thof y quh sh hsphrf mh hcces. Cf hs`uhcf rh`uphrf cf jlvhstjkf`jðl jlvhstjkf`jðl `eoe fcthrlftjvf y hstf hxjsth , `uflme les bfccfoes irhlth ful predchof `uyf secu`jðl les hs lh`hsfrjf y hc oêteme mh cf jlvhstjkf`jðl jopelh quh sh rhsuhcvf hc ojsoe ,utjcjzflme `ele`jojhltes flthrjerhs hl ulf ierof `rhftjvf y luhvf. Ces hih`tes le mhshfmes Le fc fodjhlth `eoe s÷phr hstrhccf phmfkðkj`f quh rhsuhcvh temes ces predchofs `ucturfchs `ucturfchs mh cf hs`uhcf hs`uhcf , le f ulf vjsjðl fodjhlte `êltrj`f `eoe dflme mh `elshrvf`jðl, rhpremu``jðl mh ulf hlshöflzf ohmjfmf y ierofcjzfmf. Le fc fodjhlth `eoe pflf`hf hmu`ftjvf. @elsjmhrfr hc fucf `eoe fute suij`jhlth suij`jhlth les cchvf cchvf f ulf mhierof`jðl mhierof`jðl ,puhste quh hc Fcuole pelh temf cf fthl`jðl fthl`jðl hl hc fprhlmjzfgh fprhlmjzfgh ce`fc hopedrh`jhlme jlierof`jðl mh etrfs iuhlths. Le fc kreths`e ohtemecðkj`e Mh cf ojohtjzf`je ojohtjzf`jell mh cf jlvhstjkf`jðl jlvhstjkf`jðl mhc fodjhlth fodjhlth,, f trfvês mh ulf sfcjmf sfcjmf `fmf tflte pfrf edshrvf ulf rhfcjmfm hx`hp`jelfc, hxthoperælhf quh pfrh`h le phrthlh`hr f lfmjh. Le f cfs jlvhstjkf`jelhs jlthrojlfdchs. .................................................................................................................... ........................................
^TEDCHOFP Z ^HTP^H@]JYFP HL CF HLPHÖFLWF MH CFP @JHL@JFP
PE@JFCHP 7XLF @EL@H^@JÐL @EKLJ]JYF Ofrje @frrhthre. Gufl Gesê ^eze . ^eze .
Jltremu``jðl Hl cf hlshöflzf mh cf @jhl`jfs Pe`j Pe`jfchs fchs , hs lh`hsfrj lh`hsfrjee thlhr hl `uhltf 0 tjpes mh `uhstjelhs7 Mjs`jpcjlfrhs ^sj`ecðkj`fs Mjmæ`tj`fs ]emfs jlthrrhcf`jelfmfs. Murflth ou`bes föes bfl fdulmfme `rjtj`fs f cf hlshöflzf trfmj`jelfc, mhdïf hvjtfrsh cf hlshöflzf ohoerïstj`f, trflsojsjðl mh `elt `elthl hljm jmes es sj sjll sj sjkl kljjijij``fme fme pfr pfrf hc Fc Fcuo uole le,, fsï `eoe eoe ces prek prekrf rfof ofs s hl`j`c hl` j`cepê epêmj` mj`es. es. ^frh`h ^frh`h premu` premu`jrs jrshh ulf hle hleroh roh mjij`u mjij`uctf ctfmm pfr pfrff ierouc ieroucfr fr ul `urrï`uce fcthrlftjve f ces prekrfofs f`tufchs mh @jhl`jfs Pe`jfchs . Cf hlshöflzf trfmj`jelfc sfdïf `el `cfrjmfm ce quh prhthlmïf ,ojhltrfs ces jlthltes jlthl tes rhlevfmerhs rhlevfmerhs le fc`flzfdfl fc`flzfdfl hl pelhrsh pelhrsh mh f`uhrme f`uhrme `el ces ohmjes mjmæ`tj`es pfrf `elshkujrces. @ufcqujhr prepuhstf mhc luhve `urrï`uce mhdh thlhr hl `uhltf hc mhsfrrecce `ekljtjve mhc Fcuole, Fcuole, ces oêtemes mjmæ`tj`es mjmæ`tj`es fmh`ufmes pfrf trflsojtjrce y ces edghtjves edghtj ves mh ïlmech `ïvj`f `ïvj`f e se`je pecïtj`f pecïtj`f quh cf se`jhmfm se`jhmfm prhthlmh `elshkujr `elshkujr `el hsf hlshöflzf (rh`ermhoes quh temf se`jhmfm prhthlmh rhpremu`jrsh). Mh hstf oflhrf pemræ `elshkujrsh quh cf hlshöflzf quh sh hstf jopfrtjhlme sh `errhspelmf `el ces fvfl`hs f`tufchs mh cf mjs`jpcjlf hl vhz mh dfsfrsh hl thlmhl`jfs thlmh l`jfs quh puhmhl puhmhl shr edstf`ucjzfm edstf`ucjzfmerhs erhs pfrf cf `fpf`jmfm `fpf`jmfm `ekljtjvf `ekljtjvf mhc fcuole . Ces oêtemes mjmæ`tj`es le sece thlkfl ul vfcer hl sj ojsoe, sjle quh sh hl`u hl `uhl hltr trhl hl th thlj ljhl hlme me hl `u `uhl hltf tf ce cess et etre ress mes mes fsph fsph`t `tes es ohl` ohl`je jelf lfme mes s (psj`ecðkj`es y mjs`jpcjlfrhs) quh sh preyh`thl pfrf `elshkujr ulf fmh`ufmf fsjojcf`jðl per pfrth mh ces Fcuoles Fcuoles mh ces fsph`tes rhchvflths rhchvflths mh cfs `jhl`jfs `jhl`jfs y mh cf `ucturf f`tufc. @fodjes hl cfs mjs`jpcjlfs Cfs trflsierof`jelhs bfdjmfs hl ces `elthljmes hs`ecfrhs mhsmh hc pulte mh vjstf vjs tf mjs`jpc mjs`jpcjlf jlfrr bfl pfs pfsfme fme mh hxpcj` hxpcj`fr fr @jhl`jfs @jhl`jfs Pe`jfch Pe`jfchss mh ul `fræ`t `fræ`thr hr flh`mðtj`e y phrselfcjstf, rhpchtfs mh ih`bfs, leodrhs, mftes, ht`. F ulf sjtuf`jðl oæs f`tufc ou`be oæs `eopchgf y fdstrf`tf. Ces prekrfofs sh mhsmedcfl hl cf trfmj`jelfc shpfrf`jðl mh Khekrfiïf h Bjsterjf. @jhl`jfs Pe`jfchs hrf cf ofthrjf quh ohles prhihrïfl y quh ofs mjij`uctfmhs pcflthfdf hl cf fsjojcf`jðl y `eoprhlsjðl. Cfs @jhl`jfs Pe`jfchs mhdhrïf shr cf mh preper`jelfr f ces Fcuoles jlstruohltes jlthch`tufchs quh ch phrojtfl `eoprhlmhr hc prhshlth. ces fsph`tes se`jfchs mhltre mhc `urse mh cf mjs`jpcjlf ohl`jelfmf. Ce quh pestucfoes pestucfoes hs cf jl`erperf`jðl jl`erperf`jðl mh ærhfs ærhfs thoætj`fs quh preper`jelhl preper`jelhl f ces ces Fcuo Fcuole less bhrr bhrrfo fojh jhlt ltfs fs pf pfrf rf hlth hlthlm lmhr hr cf rh rhfc fcjm jmfm fm,, quh quh hc flæc flæcjs jsjs js mhc mhc prhshlth hstf frtj`ucfme `el cf jlthrprhtf`jðl mhc pfsfme. Cf hstrfthkjf oæs utjcjzfmf hs cf `eopfrf`jðl mh mjstjltes thxtes, mh phrjðmj`es, ht`., cf vjsjðl mh mes e oæs pudcj`f`jelhs sedrh ul ojsoe thof `el mjihrhlth
ojrfmf (hste rhsuctf hshl`jfc) . ^frf quh cf hlshöflzf shf oæs hij`fz mh ce quh hs le dfstf `el oemjij`fr ces `elt `elthl hljm jmes es sj sjle le sh mhdh mhdhll jl jltr trem emu` u`jr jr `f `fod odje jess ohtem ohtemec ecðkj ðkj`es `es,, sj sjle le les les
vecvhrhoes f hl`eltrfr `el cf jl`eoprhlsjðl mh cf ojsof mh cf hlshöflzf trfmj`jelfc. Mhsfrrecce `ekljtjve `ekljtjve y hlshöflzf hlshöflzf mh cfs cfs @jhl`jfs Pe`jfchs Pe`jfchs @hltrfme hl 7 @el`hptes se`jfchs dæsj`es ]jhope bjstðrj`e Pecu`jðl mh predchofs bjpetêtj`es @eoprhlsjðl mh cf `fusfcjmfm bjstðrj`f Thcftjvjsoes `ekljtjve. Hl têrojles khlhrfchs ces rhsuctfmes quh hl`eltrfoes jlmj`fl quh sðce cf ojtfm ojt fm mh ces `el`hptes `el`hptes sel `eoprh `eoprhlmj lmjmes mes per ces Fcu Fcuole oles, s, cf tfrh tfrhff quh mhdhrïf rhfcjzfrsh shrjf mh `eoprhlsjðl mh ces f`elth`jojhltes se`jfchs. Hl hc `fse mh cf jlvhstjkf`jðl sedrh hc tjhope bjstðrj`e edshrvfoes rhsuctfmes sjojcfrhs, cf utjcjzf`jðl mh hchohltes `relecðkj`es, le jopcj`f cf kfrfltïf mh cf `eoprhlsjðl mh cf le`jðl mhc tjhope. ^frf hcce hs lh`hsfrje hstfdch`hr hstrfthkjfs quh phrojtfl `eoprhlmhr hsth `el` `el`hp hpte te hl rhcf rhcf`j `jðl ðl f cf cfss sj sjtu tuf` f`je jelh lhss pfsf pfsfmf mfss `eop `eopfr fræl ælme mecf cfss `el `el sjtu sjtuf` f`je jelh lhss f` f`tu tufc fchs hs.. Hc `e `ele le`j `joj ojhl hlte te mh ce cess pre` pre`hs hsee mh rfze rfzelf lfoj ojhl hlte te jopcj`fmes hl cf rhsecu`jðl mh predchofs predchofs se`jfchs rhsuctf iulmfohltfc pfrf cf hcfderf`jðl mhc `urrï`uce . Flth mhthrojlfmfs pruhdfs sh bf vjste quh ces Fcuoles le rhspelmhl `el if`jcjmfm f predchofs quh jopcjquhl fpcj`fr fpcj`fr hc oêteme bjpetêtj`e mhmu`tjve . Cf ofyerïf mh ces Fcuoles le `eoprhlmhl ces @D@, mh cfs mjstjltfs ofthrjfs rhcf`jelfmfs `el cfs @jhl`jfs Pe`jfchs . Fpfrh`h ulf prhkultf dæsj`f pfrf ces Fcuoles µper quê le `eoprhlmhl5 Cf rhspuhstf hstæ hl cf jlvhstjkf`jðl psj`ecðkj`f y psj`ephmfkðkj`f mh cf therïf mh ^jfkht y hc mhsfrrecce mhsfrrecce `ekljtjve f cfs cfs ephrf`jelhs ierofchs ierofchs hs mh`jr quh ful le bfl fc`flz fc`flzfme fme mj`bf mj`bf htfpf. htfpf. Hstf Hstf frkuoh frkuohltf ltf`jð `jðll pfrh`h pfrh`h `errh` `errh`tf tf puhs puhs cfs ojso oj sofs fs sel sel ul `e `elg lgul ulte te mh hs hstr trft fthk hkjf jfss quh quh ch phro phrojt jthl hl fc Fcuo Fcuole le cf cfs s bfdjcj bfd jcjmfm mfmhs hs lh`hsf lh`hsfrjf rjfss pfrf pfrf oflhgf oflhgfrr `el`hp `el`hptes tes fdstrf fdstrf`te `tess hl predch predchofs ofs `eopchges. ]THP FP^H@]EP HPHL@JFCHP VXH @FTF@]HTJWFL HP]H HP]FMJE @fpf`jmfm mh ieroucfr bjpðthsjs y `eopredfrcfs sjsthoætj`fohlth @fpf`jmfm mh utjcjzfr pre`hmjojhltes mh `eltrec mh vfrjfdchs, fsï `eoe pr pre` e`hs hses es mh rfze rfzelf lfoj ojhl hlte, te, hl pre` pre`hs hses es vhr vhrmf mfmh mhre ress sedr sedrhh bh`b bh`bes es `el`rhtes. Le ieohltfr, ieohltfr, jl`hltjvfr jl`hltjvfr,, hc phlsfoj phlsfojhlte hlte jl`jpjhl jl`jpjhlth th mhc hstfmje hstfmje ierofc per ohmje mh hstrfthkjfs fmh`ufmfs, `elcchvfrïf `elcchvfrïf f ul hopedrh`jojhlte mh mj`bfs mj`bfs ephrf` ephrf`jel jelhs. hs. Ce flthmj flthmj`be `be sh puhmh puhmh edshrv edshrvfr fr hl ljvhch ljvhchs s hmu`ftjves hmu`f tjves oæs hchvfmes hchvfmes pu puhste hste quh Fcuoles Fcuoles fmuctes fmuctes sh hl`uhl hl`uhltrfl trfl hl mjij`uctfm mh `eoprhlmhr cfs `jhl`jfs se`jfchs hl mj`bes ljvhchs.
Vuhrho Vuh rhoes eslejlsjstj jlsjpuhmhl stjrr hl cfhlthlmhr `rïtj` `rïtj`ff fckules f cf pesj`jðl pesj`j ðl quh sestjhlh sestj quh ces Fcuoles `elthljmes mh hlh, cfs, @jhl`jfs Pe`jfchs perquh le bfl fc`flzfme ul mhthrojlfme ljvhc `ekljtjve. Hl mhijljtjvf sj quhrhoes quh ces Fcuoles `eoprhlmfl cf hstru`turf y
mjlæoj`f mh ces ihlðohles mjlæoj`f ihlðohles se`j se`jfchs fchs hs prh`jse prh`jse quh ch preper`jelhoes preper`jelhoes bfdjcjmfmhs jlihrhl`jf chs y ofr`es e rhmhs `el`hptufchs, le dfstf `el hlshöfr hlsh öfr f phlsfr, tfodjêl tfodjêl hs lh`hsfrje mfrchs mfrchs `elthlj `elthljmes mes hsph`ïij`es hsph`ïij`es sedrh ces quh hghr`jtfr hsf `fpf`jmfm jlihrhl`jfc F vuhctfs `el hc fprhlmjzfgh Hc mhsfrrecce `ekljtjve le puhmh `el`hdjrsh fc ofrkhl mhc fprhlmjzfgh, yf shf hs`ecf hs` ecfrr e jlierof jlierofcc hs mh`jr mh`jr quh cf fmqujsj` fmqujsj`jðl jðl mhc phlsfojh phlsfojhlte lte fdstrf fdstrf`te `te mhphlmh hl duhlf pfrth mh cfs hxphrjhl`jfs mhc sughte. Ces Fcuoles fmechs`hlths le rhsuhcvhl tfrhfs hs`ecfrhs mh @jhl`jfs Pe`jfchs, perquh le fmqujrjhrel cfs ephrf`jelhs ierofchs, perquh le rh`jdhl hl cf hs`uhcf cf hstjoucf`jðl h jlierof`jðl suij`jhlth pfrf fopcjfr su mhsfrrecce `ekljtjve. Fckules prjl`jpjes mhc fprhlmjzfgh ^esj`jðl `elstru`tjvjstf sedrh hc fprhlmjzfgh fprhlmjzf jzfgh gh hs ul pre pre`hs `hsee `elstr `elstru`t u`tjve jve jlthrl jlthrle7 e7 Lh`hsj Lh`hsjtf tf shr Hc fprhlm `elstrujme hc fprhlmjzfgh fprhlmjzfgh ohmjflth ulf hxphrjhl`jf hxphrjhl`jf jlthrlf, le le dfstf `el cf prhshltf`jðl mh cf jlierof`jðl Hc krfme mhc fprhlmjzfgh mhphlmh mhc ljvhc mh mhsfrrecce `ekljtjve mhc sughte7 pfsf per shrjhs mh ifshs hl cfs quh sh vf oemjij`flme su`hsjves hsquhofs bfstf `eoprhlmhr pchlfohlth cf jlierof`jðl Cf hstrfthkjf ofs hij`fz pfrf cekrfr hc fprhlmjzfgh hs cf `rhf`jðl mh `elicj`tes `ekljtjves7 hc me`hlth hs qujhl mhdh trftfr mh premu`jrces Hc fprhlmjzfgh sh ifverh`h hl cf jlthrf``jðl se`jfc. @F^Ï]XCE 8. CF @EO^THLPJÐL @EO^THLPJÐL MHC ]JHO^E BJP]ETJ@E G. G. ^eze. O. @frrhthre Cf jopertfl`jf mhc tjhope bjstðrj`e hl cf hlshöflzf mh cf bjsterjf Ces preihserhs preihserhs sh hl`uhltr hl`uhltrfl fl `el hc predch predchof of mh hxjkjrchs hxjkjrchs f ces Fcuoles Fcuoles cfs ih`bfs mh f`elth`jojhltes bjstðrj`es. Cfs Cfs ih`b ih`bfs fs mhdh mhdhll fyum fyumfr fr fc Fc Fcuo uole less f sj sjtu tufr fr,, th thope operf rfco cohl hlth th ce ces s f`elth`jojhltes hl hc `eltjlue mh cf bjsterjf Hxjsth th ul rhmu`jme rhmu`jme `elgulte `elgulte mh ih`bfs bjstðrj`f bjstðrj`fss quh hc Fcuole mhdh Hxjs `ele`hr `ele` hr tflte ljöes ljöes `eoe fmechs`hl fmechs`hlths, ths, phre phre tjhlhl ulf phr`hp phr`hp`jðl `jðl mhierofmf mh cfs le`jelhs thoperfchs . ]r ]rhs hs pu pult ltes es se sell jope jopert rtfl flth thss pfrf pfrf hlth hlthlm lmhr hr hc tjtjho hope pe bj bjst stðr ðrj` j`ee hl cf `elstru``jðl mhc `urrï`uce ,ce ,ce mjs`jpcjlfr, ce ce psj`ecðkj`e y ce mjmæ`tj`e. Cf bjsterjf `eoe mjs`jpcjlf hs jlshpfrfdch mhc `el`hpte mh tjhope. Mhsmh hc pulte mh vjstf psj`ecðkj`e cf `elstru``jðl mhc tjhope hs jopertflth yf quh `elsjs `elsjsth th hl ulf mh cfs mjohlsj mjohlsjelh elhss dæsj`fs dæsj`fs mh temf temf cf frqu frqujth jth`tur `turf f
`ekljtjvf sughte .Ces `el`hptes thoperfchs sh rhcf`jelfl `el ces `el`hptes mh hspf`jemhc y `fusfcjmfm Mhsmh hc pulte mh vjstf mjmæ`tj`e hc tjhope bjstðrj`e `eoe hstru`turfmer mhc `urrï`uce, djhl djhl `eoe fsph`te fsph`te ofs mh `elthljme mhc ojsoe. ojsoe.
Vuhrhoes rh`ekh Vuhrhoes rh`ekhrr cf jmhf quh hc ]jhope Bjst Bjstðrj`e ðrj`e bf hstfme hstfme prhshlth prhshlth hl cf ofyerïf mh cfs prekrfof`jelhs mh edghtjves. (@EL]HLJMEP HP]TX@]XTFCHP @EOE IH@BFP, MÊ@FMFP, PJKCEP, FÖEP, E PHF JLMJ@FMETHP ]HO^ETFCHP) Hc tjhope bjstðrj`e `eoe trfsielme mhc `urrï`uce Hc mjshöe mjshöe mhc `urrï`uce `urrï`uce oæs khlhrfcjz khlhrfcjzfme fme pfrf cf hlshöflzf hlshöflzf mh cf Bjste Bjsterjf rjf bf sjme sjme mj mjsh shöf öfme me `r `rel elec ecðk ðkj` j`fo fohl hlth th,, cf ofye ofyerï rïff mh ce cess `e `elt lthl hljm jmes es hs hstæ tæl l hstru`turfmes hl hl terle f ih`bfs y phrïemes. Mes ]jpes mh mjshöe f- Mj Mjsh shöe öe `urr `urrj` j`uc ucfr fr bf`j bf`jff ftræ ftræs7 s7 ^rep ^repel elhh hoph hophzf zfrr cf bjsterjf per luhstres mïfs pfrf rhoeltfrsh fc pfsfme, dfsfme hl quh sh `eoprhlmhl ohger ces f` f`el elth th`j `joj ojhl hlte tess oæs oæs `h `hr` r`fl fles es hl hc tjtjho hope pe qu quhh ce ces s f`elth`jojhltes oæs chgfles. Thsuctf jl÷tjc f cfs le`jelhs thope thoperf rfch chss oæs oæs `eop `eopch chgf gfss `eoe `eoe cfs cfs rhi rhihr hrjm jmfs fs f cf `fusfcjmfm bjstðrj`f y hc `fodje se`jfc, êstfs sel oæs f``hsjdchs mhsmh hc mjshöe `urrj`ucfr bf`jf mhcflth. d- Mjs Mjshöe höe `urrj`u `urrj`ucfr cfr thoætj`e thoætj`e77 rhoeltf rhoeltf fc hgh `relec `relecðkj ðkj`e `e `eoe vhrthdrfmer mhc `urrï`uce, (hc tjhope). @urj @u rjes esfo fohl hlth th hl hc hccf cfss sh mf of ofye yerr jope jopert rtfl fl`j `jff f fsph`tes thoperfchs `eoe oemhces mjmæ`tj`es f trfdfgfr `- Cf hlshö lshöfl flzf zf f` f`tu tufc fc mhc mhc ]j ]jho hope pe Bj Bjst stðr ðrj` j`e7 e7 Ph bfl prem premu` u`jme jme `f `fodj odjes es sj sjoj ojcf cfrh rhss f ces ces premu premu`j `jmes mes hl cf hlshöflzf mh cf bjsterjf. Cf hlshöflzf trfmj`jelfc `el ih`bfs ohoerjzfmfs per pfrth mhc Fcuole `eojhlzf f shr mhspcfzfmf. Ces `fodjes sjkljij`ftjves quh pfrthl mh cf dfsh mh quh hc tjhope bjstðrj`e hs ul fsph`te `hltrfc mh cf hlshöflzf vuhcvh f `el`hmhr ulf hsph`jfc rhchvfl`jf fc fsph`te `relecðkj`e hc predchof hs quh hc `fodje sjkuh sjhlme jlsuij`jhlth , sh ecvjmf quh hxjsthl etres fsph`tes y le`jelhs thoperfchs jkufcohlth jopertflths quh le le sel trfdfgfmfs fmh`ufmfohlth. Cfs le`jelhs thoperfchs @uflme @uf lme luhstr luhstres es Fcuoles Fcuoles `eojhl `eojhlzfl zfl f `elstr `elstrujr ujr cfs le`jel le`jelhs hs thoperf thoperfchs chs bjstðrj`fs ce bf`hl sedrh cfs le`jelhs thoperfchs se`jfchs y `elvhl`jelfchs quh yf peshhl , cfs ojsofs bfl sjme `elstrujmfs per ces föes f pfrtjr mh cfs le`jelhs thoperfchs phrselfchs. Hs jopertflth rhichxjelfr sedrh ces pre`hses psj`ec psj `ecðkj ðkj`es `es sudyf` sudyf`hlt hlths. hs. Luhstr Luhstrff se`jhm se`jhmfm fm sh bf metfme metfme mh jlstru jlstruohl ohltes tes jlthch`tufchs quh phrojth quh hc tjhope phrselfc shf `eo÷l f temes. Hc ljöe hl sus prjohrfs hxphrjhl`jfs mhphlmh mh sus prepjfs f``jelhs, le hs ul
tjhope `eltjlue y `elstflth. Pðcehskrf`jfs mhc ul sjsthof `ufltjtftjve mh ohmj`jðl hc ljöe `fpfzfcmhprekrhsjve `el`hdjr meojlje hsth `eoe icuge `eltjlue ,fdstrf`te y `ufltjij`fdch.
Hc ljöe vf f `eohlzfr f meojlfr ulf shrjh mh le`jelhs thoperfchs hl cf f``jðl, mhspuês `eojhlzf f utjcjzfr cfs rhprhshltf`jelhs y `el`hptufcjzf`jelhs mhc tjhope, hxprhsfmfs lfturfcohlth f trfvês mhc chlkufgh, pesthrjerohlth `ejl`jmjhlme `el etres cekres `ekljtjves `eojhlzf f utjcjzfr y `eoprhlmhr hc tjhope tjh ope `elvhl `elvhl`je `jelfc lfc quh pcf pcflth lthfræ fræ predch predchofs ofs bfstf bfstf hmfmhs hmfmhs rhcftj rhcftjvfo vfohlt hlth h tfrmïfs. Cfs Cfs le`j le`jel elhs hs th thop oper erfc fchs hs sh vfl vfl `el elst stru ruyh yhllme ules les sedr sedrhh etrf etrfs. s. Cf `elstru``jðl mhc ]jhope Bjstðrj`e sh vf f dfsfr sedrh cfs le`jelhs mh tjhope yf fmqujrjmfs se`jfcohlth. Hc tjhope prhshltf luohreses fsph`tes quh puhmhl erkfljzfrsh hl trhs pcfles mh fmqujsj`jðl prekrhsjvf. Hc tjhope hl sï ojsoe, pfræohtres f pfrtjr mh cf prepjf f`tjvjmfm hc sughte hl rhcf`jðl `el ces etres. Hc tjho tjhope pe rhpr rhprhs hshl hltf tfme, me, quh quh phro phrojtjthh fprh fprhlm lmhr hr cf cfss hv hve` e`f` f`je jelh lhss hl têrojles vhrdfchs e mh joækhlhs y su utjcjzf`jðl hl cfs f`tjvjmfmhs y rfzelfojhlte. Hc tjhope phr`jdjme quh phrojth fprhlmhr lh`hsjmfmhs y sjouctflhjmfm y `elsjsth hl joprhsjelhs quh `el`jhrlhl f cf jlthlsjmfm rhcftjvf mh cfs murf`jelhs y su `fcjmfm mh tjhope prhshlth y pfsfme. Thsuojhlme cf predchoætj`f mh cf le`jðl mh tjhope, bf mh thlhrsh hl `uhltf quh hs oæs `eopchgf mh ce quh sh pjhlsf, le hxjsth ulf fmqujsj`jðl cjlhfc mh ul `el`hpte ÷lj`e mh tjhope, sjle ulf shrjh mh fmqujsj`jelhs pfr`jfchs mh ul `elgulte mh sjsthofs sudermjlfmes fc iul`jelfojhlte thoperfc. Cf mhs`rjp`jðl mh hstes sudsjsthofs pfrh`hl shöfcfr `jhrtfs `elstflths, quh phrojthl `eohlzfr f mjihrhl`jfs ulf shrjh mh ljvhchs mh `eoprhlsjðl mh ces mjihrhlths le`jelhs thoperfchs. Jlvhstjkf`jelhs sedrh cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc ]jhope Bjstðrj`e. Fckules futerhs hl`uhltrfl quh hsh `el`hpte sh meojlf hl terle f ces 66 föes, etres f ces 60 y etres f ces 69, hste sh mhdh f cf fushl`jf mh cf mhijlj`jðl hxpcï`jtf mhc `el`hpte mh ]jhope Bjstðrj`e. Ph shöfcfl trhs tjpes mh `el`hptes mjihrhlths mh ]jhope Bjstðrj`e. Hc ermhl mh f`elth`jojhltes mhltre mh ulf sh`uhl`jf, shohgflth f cf ephrf`jðl mh shrjf`jðl mh ^jfkht. Hc fkrupfojhlte mh f`elth`jojhltes hltrh hc pfsfme y hc prhshlth quh jopcj`f cf fpcj`f`jðl mh rhcf`jelhs `fusfchs f cfrke pcfze y ulf `eoprhlsjðl mh cf Pe`jhmfm `eoe pre`hse y le `eoe hstfme. Hl mjstjltfs hxphrjhl`jfs sh pume edshrvfr quh ljöes mh 66 föes le pemïfl rhsecvhr predchofs `errh`tfohlth quh rhquhrïfl ephrf`jelhs mh fkru fkrupf pfoj ojhl hltes tes oæs oæs e ohle ohless mhth mhthro rojl jlfm fmes, es, hs mh`j mh`jrr per per hc L÷ohre mh ftrjdutes quh sel prhshltfmes fc sughte. Hstes trfdfges le fdermfl cf shrjf`jðl mh bh`bes bjstðrj`es sjle cf shrjf`jðl mh ih`bfs e mftes preper`jelfmes per cf `relecekïf, sjle quh hl ljlk÷l oeohlt oeo hltee shf lh`hsf lh`hsfrje rje hstfdc hstfdch`h h`hrr rhcf`j rhcf`jelh elhss `fusfc `fusfchs hs hltrh hltrh ces
mftes prhshltfmes. ]rfdfge sedrh cf shrjf`jðl quh sh e`upfl mh cf `fusf`jðl bjstðrj`f. Ph prhshltfl f`elth`jojhltes bjstðrj`es mhsermhlfmes y sh chs pjmh quh ces ermhlhl. ^frf hcce sh rh`urrh fc hstfdch`jojhlte mh rhcf`jelhs
mh `fusf-hih`te. Cf rhcf`jðl `errh`tf sh hstfdch`h fcrhmhmer mh ces 60 föes. Thcf`jelhs `fusfchs oæs `eopchgfs quh jopcj`fl ulf rhcf`jðl mh `eltjl `el tjlujm ujmfm fm hltrh hltrh pfs pfsfme fme,, prhshl prhshlth th y iuture iuture.. Cf `eop `eoprhl rhlsjð sjðll mhc tjhope `eoe fcke `eltjlue hs mh fpfrj`jðl tfrmïf, pfrf ces phquhöes hc tjhope hs mjs`eltjlue, fsï `eoe ce`fc, puhste quh `el hc tjhope sh edtjhlh `el hc oevjojhlte (per hghopce, ulf pjhmrf sjle `rh`h sjkuh thljhlme cf ojsof hmfm). Pðce `el hc tjhope ephrftjve cchkf f shr `el`hdjme cf murf`jðl `eoe ul icuge `eltjlue y chges mh shr jltujtjve cf `eltjlujmfm thoperfc fpfrh`h `eoe rhsuctfme mh ulf `elstru``jðl. Cf le`jð le`jðll mh tjhope tjhope hl sh shlt ltjm jmee mh ulf ulf `elt `eltjl jluj ujmf mfmm fdstr fdstrf` f`tf tf mjse`j mjs e`jfmf fmf mh ces jlstru jlstruohl ohltes tes mh ohmjmf ohmjmf prh`js prh`jsff mhc phlsfo phlsfojhl jhlte te ierofc, per ohmje mh cf `ufc hc fmechs`hlth hs `fpfz mh pfsfr f cf beoekhlhjmfm `el`rhtf mh ces rhceghs y fcf beoekhlhjmfm fdstrf`tf sjl mhphlmhr mh hcces. –Hc tjhope hs hspf`je hl oevjojhlte‟ Cfs le`jelhs `eopchgfs mhc ]jhope Bjstðrj`e7 `fodje y `fusfcjmfm Ces fsph`tes mh `eoprhlsjðl thoperfc quh prhshltfl ofyer mjij`uctfm sel fquhcces cjkfmes f cf rhcf`jðl hltrh tjhope y `fusfcjmfm. Cf su`hsjðl `fusfc hl bjsterjf thlmrïf mes rfskes mjstjltjves. Hc jlthrvfce thoperfc hltrh `fusf y hih`te suhch shr ofyer hl bjsterjf quh hl et etrres meojl ojljes `fusfchs. Xl bh`be puhmh prhshltfr `elsh`uhl`jfs f cfrke y `erte pcfze. Khlhrfcohlth ces f`elth`jojhltes bjstðrj`es tjhlhl oæs mh ulf `fusf y oæss mh ulf oæ ulf `e `els lsh` h`uh uhl` l`jf jf,, Ph hstf hstfdc dch` h`hl hl rh rhcf cf`j `jel elhs hs `eopc `eopchg hgfs fs y mjlæoj`fs. Ce oæs jopertflth hs quh bfstf hc ijlfc mh cf fmechs`hl`jf (6;-62 föes) le hl`eltrfoes Fcuoles `fpf`hs mh secu`jelfr tfrhfs `eopchgfs. @el`cusjelhs sedrh cfs jlvhstjkf`jelhs mhc ]jhope Bjstðrj`e7 Cfs le`jelhs thoperfchs rhcftjvfs fc ]jhope Bjstðrj`e sh `elstjtuyhl hl ul `eltjlue mh fmqujsj`jðl mhc rhste mh cfs le`jelhs thoperfchs. Hc ]jhope Bjstðrj`e hs cf `ucojlf`jðl mh ul mhsfrrecce quh `eojhlzf `el cf fmqujsj`jðl mh cf le`jðl mh tjhope phrselfc, `eltjluf `el hc tjhope iïsj`e, y f trfvês mhc tjhope se`jfc cchkf fc tjhope bjstðrj`e. Hsth `eltjlue mh `eoprhlsjðl supelh quh hc fc`fl`h mh mhthrojlfme ljvhc vhlmrïf sjhoprh `johltfme hl ces `tes thoperfchs thope rfchs quh hc sughte peshh hl hc ljvhc jlohmjftfohlth flthrjer.
Fmqujsj`jðl mh cfs le`jelhs thoperfchs7 ]jhope phrselfc ]jhope se`jfc
]jhope iïsj`e ]jhope bjstðrj`e Hc `el` `el`hp hpte te mh ]jho ]jhope pe Bj Bjst stðr ðrj` j`ee hs ou ouyy mhls mhlse, e, hl êc hs hstæ tæll jl jl`c `cuj ujme mes s luohreses luohr eses `el`hptes. `el`hptes. Hstfs mjihrhl`jf mjihrhl`jf`jelh `jelhss pcflthfl pcflthfl mjij`uctfm mjij`uctfmhs hs mjvhrsfs, mjvhrsfs,
mhsfrrecces mhsfrrecc es y hstrfthkjf hstrfthkjfss mh fmqujsj`jðl fmqujsj`jðl hl su `fcjmfm `eoe hl oeohltes oeohltes mh mhsfrrecce h jlstru``jðl hl quh sh premu`h hc ]jhope Bjstðrj`e. Hl ul sjsthof `eopchge y vfrjfdch `eopuhste mh sudsjsthof vfrjfdch. Cfs rhcf`jelhs kcedfchs mh hstes sudsjsthofs preve`f ulf `el`hp`jðl jlthkrfmf mhc ]jhope Bjstðrj`e. Hc mhsfrrecce psj`ecðkj`e jopelh mhthrojlfmfs rhstrj``jelhs, ce oæs jopertflth hs ccfofr cf fthl`jðl sedrh cf jopertfl`jf mh hcfderfr hstrfthkjfs mh jlstru``jðl fmh`ufmfs `eoe `fojle joprhs`jlmjdch pfrf cf `eoprhsjðl mhc thof. Hc fprhlmjzfgh mhc ]jhope Bjstðrj`e7 ^frf f``hmhr f luhves `ele`jojhltes , mhdhoes pfrtjr mh `ele`jojhltes quh hc Fcuole peshh. Etre fsph`te jopertflth hs quh tflte cf cðkj`f jlthrlf mhc edghte quh quhrhoes trflsojtjr `eoe cf cðkj`f jlthrlf mhc Fcuole fc quh vf mjrjkjme hc fprhlmjzfgh, les jopelh rhstrj``jelhs y mjrh``jelfcjmfmfmhs quh vfl f erjhltfr hc fprhlmjzfgh mh hstfs f``jelhs. Hc mhsfrrecce psj`ecðkj`e puhmh shr ulf `elmj`jðl lh`hsfrjf phre le suij`jhlth pfrf cf fmqujsj`jðl mh mhthrojlfmes tjpes mh `ele`jojhltes. Hc predchof `elsjsth hl shr `fpf`hs mh `elstrujr tê`lj`fs hmu`ftjvfs quh f cf vhz rhsphthl hc mhsfrrecce mh cf `el`hp`jelhs mhc ljöe y fmechs`hlths sedrh mjihrhlths fsph`tes y hl le rhlul`jfr f hlshöflzf mh ulf mjs`jpcjlf `el cf `eopchgjmfm lh`hsfrjf pfrf hc ljvhc hmu`ftjve. Ces ofpfs thoperfchs7 Thsuctfmes edthljmes7 Ces mjstjltes sjsthof y sudsjsthofs quh `eopelhl hc ]jhope Bjstðrj`e7 hs iulmfohltfc pfrf cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc ojsoe. Le sel sel `f `fpf pf`h `hss mh ut utjcjcjz jzfr fr mh ulf ulf of oflh lhrf rf hi hih` h`tjtjvf vf su suss `e `ele le`j `joj ojhl hlte tes s thoperfchs f cf berf mh secu`jelfr sus predchofs bfstf quh le peshhl ulf fmh`ufmf rhprhshltf`jðl mh ]jhope Bjstðrj`e hl ulf vjsjðl jlthkrfmf. Cf flfcekïf thoperfc f ljvhc mh cf utjcjzf`jðl mh hs`fcfs hspf`jfchs pcflthf luohreses predchofs. Cf utjcjzf`jðl mhc hspf`je mh oflhrf sjsthoætj`f pfrf cf rhprhshltf`jðl mhc tjhope le fshkurf per sj ojsof o jsof su fmqujsj`jðl. ^emrïfoes mh`jr quh ces ljöes `elstruyhl ces ofpfs `ekljtjves mh cf sjkujhlth oflhrf7 Ces ljöes hl ulf 6¾ ifsh fprhlmhl quh hxjsthl cukfrhs hl hc hspf`je y quh sel mjstjltes ules mh etres, quh hstæl mjstfl`jfmes (`fsf, hs`uhcf), hstes cukfrhs `frh`hl mh rhcf`jðl hspf`jfc fckulf, hc ljöe le sfdh jr cukfrhs f etres. 4¾ ifsh `eojhlzf hc meojlje cfs `elhxjelhs hltrh ules y etres, fprhlmhl f hs hstf tfdc dch` h`hr hr tr trfy fyh` h`te tes. s. Ce Cess ljöe ljöess hl hs hsth th lj ljvh vhcc sel sel `f `fpf pf`h `hss mh `eoprhlmhr cfs pesj`jelhs rhcftjvfs mh ces cukfrhs y mh ces trfyh`tes hl hc hspf`je.
0mh ifsh fprhlmhl `eopfrfr trfyh`tes y phlmj ceslmjhl hltjhlmhl ierof rhcftjvf f`uh f`uhrm rmee f ulfs ulffs `e `eer ermh mhlf lfmf mfss jl jlmh mhph hlth thss mhhl ce ces s cu cukf kfrh rhss y trfyh`tes. Fberf hc Fcuole hs `fpfz mh `elierofr ul vhrmfmhre ofpf `ekljt `ek ljtjve jve mh ul mhthro mhthrojlf jlfme me hspf`j hspf`je, e, f ljvhc ljvhc of`reh of`rehspf spf`jf `jfc,c, puhmh puhmh
utjcjzfr ulf shrjh mh ïlmj`hs frdjtrfrjes mhltre mh `fmf sjsthof hspf`jfc quh ch phrojtjræ `eoprhlmhr ohger fc hspf`je hl quh sh fpcj`fl ces sjsthofs mh ohmj`jðl. Cf `elstru``jðl mh ofpfs `ekljtjves thoperfchs shkujræ ulfs ifshs jseoðrij`fs f cf `elstru``jðl mh ces ofpfs `ekljtjves hspf`jfchs. Ces ljöes sel `fpf`hs mh `eoprhlmhr quh ces f`elth`jojhltes bjstðrj`es vfl fse`jfmes f ulfs ih`bfs hl hc tjhope y quh hstfs ih`bfs sel mjstjltfs hltrh sï. Hc oflhge mh hstfs ih`bfs rhsuctf oæs iæ`jc quh cf utjcjzf`jðl mh phrïemes, phlsflme quh cfs ih`bfs guhkfl ul pfphc sjojcfr f quh guhkfl ces cukfrhs hl cf `elstru``jðl mhc hspf`je. Cuhke hc ljöe `eojh eojhlz lzff f hstf stfdc dchh`h `hrr rh rhcf cf`j `jel elhs hs hltr hltrhh hs hsffs ih ih`b `bfs fs y etrf etrfs. s. ^est ^e sthr hrje jero rohl hlth th hc Fc Fcuo uole le puhm puhmhh hs hstf tfdc dch` h`hr hr rh rhcf cf`j `jel elhs hs mh ih ih`b `bfs fs mjstjltfs y phquhöes krupes mh f`elth`jojhltes hl rhprhshltf`jelhs oæs fopcjf fopcjfss hl rhcf`j rhcf`jðl ðl fc ]jhope ]jhope Bjstðr Bjstðrj`e j`e.. Ces fmechs fmechs`hl `hlths ths sel `fpf`hs mh jlthkrfr ih`bfs y etres `eltjlues thoperfc hl iul`jðl mh uless hghs ule hghs mh flæcjs flæcjsjs js thoper thoperfch fchs. s. Mh jkufc jkufc oflhrf oflhrf puhmhl puhmhl rhfcjz rhfcjzfr fr ofpfs `ekljtjves hspf`jfchs.
HLPHÖFT F @EO^THLMHT HC ^FPFME BJP]ÐTJ@E7 @EL@H^]EP MH HO^F]ÏF Ghs÷s Meoïlkuhz JL]TEMX@@JÐL7 Ph trftf mh hlshöfr fc Fcuoles quh cf bjsterjf hs ulf ierof, ulf vïf mh `ele`jojhlte y le ul `uhrpe mh `ele`jojhltes sedrh hc pfsfme. Hs lh`hsfrje quh hc Fcuole sh jopcjquh `el ulf jlvhstjkf`jðl mhsmh hc pfsfme ohmjflth ul fprhlmjzfgh f`tjve mh oêtemes bjstðrj`es. Peoes Peo es `el `el`jh `jhlth lthss quh hstes hstes luhves luhves hliequ hliequhs hs mjmæ`tj mjmæ`tj`es `es `elstj `elstjtuy tuyhl hl ulf fcthrlftjvf jlofmurf y pfr`jfchs, le dfstf `el hlshöflzf fc Fcuole hl quh `elsjsth cf jlvhstjkf`jðl bjstðrj`f, tfodjêl bfy quh hlshöflzf hltrh etrfs `esfs `eoe hvecu`jelf y sh trflsierof cf vjmf mh ces beodrhs hl hc tjhope. Hs ÷tjc cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc pfsfme hl cf hxpcj`f`jðl bjstðrj`f y thlhr hl `uhltf cf hopftïf hl cf hlshöflzf mh cf bjsterjf. µVuê sjkljij`f `eoprhlmhr hc pfsfme5 Hl ces ÷ctjoes föes bhoes jklerfme `el mhofsjfme irh`uhl`jf hl luhstrfs `cfshs mh bjsterjf cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc pfsfme mh ces beodrhs, phre sh bf puhste êlifsjs f ces leodrhs y ih`bfs mh mj`bes beodrhs hl pfrtj`ucfr oeme ul phquhöe krupe. Hl hc mhdfth f`tufc sh bf puhste mh oemf hc têrojle mh hopftïf, quh sh trfmu`h `eoe cf mjspesj`jðl y `fpf`jmfm pfrf hlthlmhr cfs f``jelhs mhc beodrh hl hc pfsfme mhsmh cf phrsph`tjvf mh hsh pfsfme. Hl hsth mhdfth hc ojsoe sjkljij`fme mhc `el`hpte mh hopftïf sh bf oemjij`fme mhsmh futerhs quh ce bfl jlthrprhtfme `eoe ulf mjspesj`jðl fih`tjvf y ulf mhstrhzf jofkjlftjvf pfrf pelhrsh hl hc cukfr mhc fkhlth bjstðrj`e. Etres ce
jlthrprhtfl ulf bfdjcjmfm `ekljtjvf hl cf quh tjhlh ul mhstf`fme pfphc cf jofkjlf`jðl`eoe `eltrecfmf.
Hl fckules `fses hsth trfdfge sedrh cf `eoprhlsjðl mh hopftïf mhc pfsfme fpfrh` fpf rh`hh ofljij ofljijhst hstff ulf ulf `cfrf `cfrf jlthrp jlthrprht rhtf`j f`jðl ðl jlmjvj jlmjvjmuf mufcjs cjstf tf mh cf hxpcj` hxpcj`f`j f`jðl ðl bjstðrj`f. Hc bjsterjfmer mhdh trftfr mh jltremu`jrsh hl cf phrselfcjmfm mhc beodrh mh fquhccf êpe`f. ^uhmh cchkfr f vhr ces bh`bes mhc pfsfme perquh tjhlh f su mjspesj`jðl ul fpfrfte `el`hptufc hcfderfme hl hc prhshlth quh ch phrojth `elstrujr ul oemhce ohltfc mjstjltf. @elsjsth hl eirh`hr ulfs `cfvhs jklerfmfs per hc beodrh mh bey ohmjflth ces `ufchs puhmhl shr `eoprhlmjmes ces bh`bes mhc pfsfme. pfsfme. ]fchs `cfvhs `cfvhs sedrh luhstre luhstre `tes f`tufc mh ces mjstjltes mjstjltes phrïemes phrïemes y `ucturfs `uctu rfs mh cf bjsterjf quh jl`cuyh `tes mh sus mjstjltfs mjstjltfs ierofs y `el`hp`jel `el`hp`jelhs hs mhc oulme, sjsthofs mh `rhhl`jfs, hs`fcfs mh vfcerhs, ht`. Hsth `te phrojth `elstrujr hc shltjme se`jfc ftrjdujdch f ulf f``jðl mfmes su futer y su udj`f`jðl thoperfc. Cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc beodrh mhc pfsfme hxjkh fcke oæs quh hopftïf, fcke oæs quh `elsjsth hl vhr cfs f``jelhs mhc pfsfme mhsmh cf ðptj`f mh hsh pfsfme, rhqujhrh fmhoæs ul fpfrfte `el`hptufc hcfderfme per hc `te bjstðrj`e `fpfz mh fdrjrles hc pfse mh hsfs ðptj`fs e `eermjlfmfs ohltfchs mh cfs luhstrfs. @el`hptes y hopftïf sel joprhs`jlmjdchs pfrf `eoprhlmhr ces bh`bes buofles hl hc pfsfme yf fodes mhdhl ijkurfr `eoe edghtjves hmu`ftjves jopertflths pfrf mhsfrreccfr hl hc Fcuole cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc pfsfme. Ces Fcuoles y cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc pfsfme Xlf `eoprhlsjðl oemhrlf mh ces beodrhs mhc pfsfme `eopertf ulf medch tfrhf Cf fsjojcf`jðl mh ces `el`hptes bjstðrj`es Cf `f `fpf pf`j `jmfm mfm y mj mjsp spes esj` j`jð jðll f te teof ofrr hl `els `elsjm jmhr hrf` f`jð jðll phrs phrsph ph`t `tjv jvfs fs mjstjltfs mh ule. @fpf`jmfmhs y predchofs mhc Fcuole fmechs`hlth pfrf mhshophöfr hsf medch tfrhf. Cf `elstru``jðl per hc Fcuole mh ces `el`hptes mh cf bjsterjf. Cf `eop `eoprh rhls lsjð jðll mhc mhc pfsf pfsfme me prh` prh`js jsff fsjo fsjojcjcfr fr `el` `el`hp hptes tes mh ofyer ofyer e ohle ohler r `eopchgjmf `eopch gjmfmm y fdstrf``jðl fdstrf``jðl.. Cf `uhstjðl `uhstjðl hs hs `eoe cchkfræ cchkfræ hc hc Fcuole Fcuole f fsjojcfr fsjojcfr hsfs le`jelhs. Mh f`uh f`uhrm rmee `e `ell cf ^s ^sj` j`ec ecekï ekïff hvec hvecut utjv jvff mh ^j ^jfk fkht ht,, cf `els `elstr tru` u``j `jðl ðl mh ce ces s `el`hptes per hc Fcuole sjkuh ul pre`hse hl hc mhsfrrecce `uyfs htfpfs vjhlhl shöfcfmfs per cf `fpf`jmfm f`tjvf pfrf pre`hsfr jlierof`jðl quh hc Fcuole fc`flzf hl ul hstfmje mh mhsfrrecce. Yyketsay ccfof cf fthl`jðl sedrh cf jopertfl`jf `fpjtfc quh tjhlh hc fprhlmjzfgh y cf jlthrlfcjzf`jðl mhc chlkufgh hl hsth pre`hse, `eoe pemhrese sjsthof sjodðcj`e quh kuïf h jopucsf hc mhsfrrecce jlthch`tufc mhc ljöe. Ces mjihrhlths pre`hses mh phlsfojhlte quh tjhlh cukfr rhsph`tjvfohlth hl cf ohlth mh ces ljöes ljö es y mhc fmucte fmucte sh bfccfl bfccfl hl`udjhr hl`udjhrte te per cf fpfrhlt fpfrhlthh sjojcj sjojcjtum tum `el quh fodes utjcjzfl cf ojsof pfcfdrf. Cf pfcfdrf mh ces ljöes y mhc fmucte `ejl`jmhl hl ce rhihrhlth phre mjvhrkhl hl hc shltjme quh ch fsjklfl.
@el`h @el`hptes `eoe shöer ihu ihumfc mfc e `fdfcchre `fdfcchre ohmjhvfc ohmjhvfc le sh cchkf f `elstrujr `elstrujr sjl oæs ljptes ohles. Ces Ces `el` `el`hp hptes tes `j `jhl hltïtïijij`e `ess les les mj mj`h `h Yykets Yyketsay ay sh mhsf mhsfrr rrec eccf cfll krf` krf`jf jfss f cf jlstru``jðl, hl ul pre`hse mh `elstru``jðl mh hstes `el`hptes sh hstfdch`h ulf
rj`f jlthrf rj`f jlthrf``j ``jðl ðl `el ces `el`hp `el`hptes tes `etjmj `etjmjfle fles, s, ojhltr ojhltrfs fs quh ces `el`hp `el`hptes tes `etjmjfles fpertfl hxphrjhl`jf mhtfccfmf `el`rhtfs `el hc quh sh rhcchlf hc sjklji sjk ljij`f j`fme me mh ces `el`hp `el`hptes tes `jhltï `jhltïij` ij`es, es, preper preper`je `jelfl lflme me hstru` hstru`tur turfs fs sjl cfs `ufchs hc `fdfcchre ohmjhvfc le thlmrïf shltjme. Hc Fcuole le puhmh fsjojcfr mjrh`tfohlth hstfs le`jelhs, cf `elstru``jðl hs chltf y mjij`uctesf. Mj`h Drulhr quh quh cf hshl`jf mhc pre`hse pre`hse hmu`f hmu`ftjve tjve `elsjsth `elsjsth hl preper`jelf preper`jelfr r fyumf y mjæceke f ijl mh trfscfmfr cf hxphrjhl`jf f sjsthofs oæs pemhreses mh letf`jðl y ermhlf`jðl. Fc trftfr mh hlshöflzf mh `el`hptes bjstðrj`es mhdhoes shr `el`jhlths quh ces `el` `el`hp hpte tess `e `etjtjmj mjfl fles es `e `elt ltrj rjdu duyh yhll f cccchl hlfr fr mh sj sjkl kljijij` j`fm fmes es cf le`j le`jel elhs hs hsph`jfcjzfmfs quh hc Fcuole rh`jdh hl cf hs`uhcf. Hste sh ofljijhstf hl cf hxphrjhl`jf mh cf vjmf buoflf f`tufc y quh preyh`tfræ jlfmvhrtjmfohlth fc pfsfme. Hs prh`jse quh hc Fcuole hxpelkf sus prepjfs jmhfs y hs`u`bfrcfs. Fckules hstumjes rh`jhlths sedrh cf `eoprhlsjðl hopætj`f mhc pfsfme per ces Fcuoles Mjstjltfs ifshs. Hstf Hstfmj mjee 67 Fsuo Fsuohh quh quh sus sus fl flth th`h `hse serh rhss iu iuhr hrel el jl jlth thch ch`t `tuf ufco cohl hlth th y oerfcohlth jlihrjerhs, f cfs phrselfs mh bey, le guzkfl lh`hsfrje `elsjmhrfr ces oetjves quh pumjhrfl thlhr ces fkhlths pfrf hxpcj`fr cfs f``jelhs mh hstes, le bfy `eoprhlsjðl. Hstfmje je 47 Fsuoh Fsuoh quh ces beodrhs beodrhs mhc pfsfme pfsfme `eopfr `eopfrth th cfs ojsofs ojsofs Hstfm `ufcjmfmhs buoflfs, `eojhlzf f prhkultfrsh ces oetjves quh sh bfccfl mhtræs mh temf f``jðl buoflf, phre le vfl oæs fccæ mh ftrjdujr f ces fkhlths oetjvf`jelhs hsthrhetjpfmfs y fbjstðrj`fs. Hstfm Hstfmje je 07 @eojhlzf @eojhlzf f hxpcj`frsh hxpcj`frsh ces oetjves mhsmh mhltre, mhltre, bf`h ul `cfre hsiuhrze per pelhrsh hl hc cukfr mhc fkhlth y f `elsjmhrfr sus `jr`ulstfl`jfs, bfy hopftïf phre le krfcohlth bjstðrj`f, hc F fpultf hc predchof mhsmh su prepje pulte mh vjstf mhc prhshlth h jklerf hc pulte mh vjstf mhc prepje oeohlte bjstðrj`e.
Hstfmje 7 Fc`flzf ulf hopftïf hopft ïf bjstðrj bjstðrj`f `el sjmhrf mhgfr cf sjtuf sjtuf`jðl y hc pulte=mh vjstf prepje e predfdch mh`f ceskhlujlf fkhlths.`elsjmhrf Jlthltf mh`jðl cfme sus jmhfs, vfcerh ht`. ^frf rh`rhfr ul oulme ohltfc mjihrhlth.
Pukhrhl`jfs ohtemecðkj`fs pfrf cf mjmæ`tj`f7 Ph mhdh mhdhll bf bf`h `hrr `fodj `fodjes es hl ce cess prek prekrf rfofs ofs f` f`tu tufc fchs hs,, yf qu quhh ce cess ojsoe ojsoes s phrojthl ulf ræpjmf eghfmf mh ces bh`bes mhc pfsfme. ^frf jlthltfr ulf `eoprhlsjðl hl preiulmjmfm sh rhqujhrh mh uljmfmhs quh fdermhl hc hstumje mh ul phrïeme bjstðrj`e mh ohmjflf murf`jðl. Mhdhrïf fpultfr f cf `eoprhlsjðl mhc pfsfme fdermfme mhsmh cf phrsph`tjvf mh flæcjsjs `el`hptufc hopætj`e. @el`cusjelhs7
Hc mhsfrrecce mh cf `eoprhlsjðl mhcf pfsfme le sh puhmh cjojtfr sðce f su mhsfrrecce cðkj`e-ephrftjve hlthlmjme oeme ^jfkhtjfle. ^rhstfr fthl`jðl f etrfs f`tjvjmfmhs jlthch`tufchs melmh hc Fcuole sh jlvecu`rh hopætj`fohlth. Th`elstrujr mh oflhrf lfrrftjvf cf vjmf mh ces jlmjvjmues hc
pfsfme, ulf sjtuf`jðl, e ul pfjsfgh bjstðrj`e mhthrojlfme , sel tfrhfs fdjhrtfs, sjl secu`jelhs prhmhthrojlfmfs, phrojth cf jlthrvhl`jðl per pfrth mhc Fcuole. Xtjc Xtjcjz jzfr fr hg hghr hr`j `j`j `jes es mh lf lfrr rrf` f`jð jðll prey preyh` h`tjtjvf vf quh quh phro phrojt jtfl fl mhsp mhspch chkf kfrr cf jofkjlf`jðl mhc Fcuole. HGHT@J@JEP ^FTF MHPFTTECCFT CF MHP]THWF MH @EO^THLPJÐL HO^Æ]J@F Pï Pïlt lths hsjs js mh mfte mftes s Mrfof `el`rhtes MHP@TJ^]J Thprhshltf`jðl YF ^reyh``jðl Jl sjtu phrselfc
Djdcjekrfiïf Hg Hghr hr`j `j`j `jes es preyh preyh`t `tjv jves es77 (J (Jof ofkj kjlf lf quh quh hrhs t÷) Th`elstru Th`els tru``j ``jðl ðl sjklji sjkljij`f j`ftjv tjvf7 f7 hrf5
^repesj`jelhs mh fcthrlftjvfs
Guhkes sjoucf`jðl
µ@ðoe µ@ðoe
mh Hghr`j`jes mh teof mh mh`jsjelhs
HR^CJ@F]J Iergfr `elhxjelhs Thcf`jelfr cf `ucturf y cf h`eleoïf YF Guhkes mh @eltrfrjfr sjoucf`jelhs Hghr`j`jes mh `eltrfrjhmfm hxph`tftjvfs Thprhshltf`jðl Mjchofs hopf opftêtj` j`ees. @el eltr trffsths Thsecvhr hxphrjohltfc hstru`turfchs hltrh pfsfme y prhshlth. jl`elkruhl`jfs Hghr`j`jes preyh`tjves7 Mhc tjpe hrhs ul secmfme mh Lfpechðl hl cf gerlfmf mhc 4 mh ofye. Eirh`h ulf epertuljmfm pfr quh hc F mhsfrrecce su `eoprhlsjðl hopftêtj`f mhc pfsfme. Cf rh`elstru``jðl jofkjlftjvf mh ul pfjsfgh e sjtuf`jðl mhc pfsfme7 ^jmhl F quhpfrf teohmhsfrreccfr ul pulte `eoprhlsjðl mh vjstf mh edshrvfmer le mhpreyh`tfrsh ul pfrtj`jpflth. Le selfc÷tjchs yf quh le yhxjkh hl cf ohlth mh ljlk÷l fkhlth. Hghr`j`jes mh lfturfchzf hxpcj`ftjvf7 Pel jlthrh jlthrhsfl sflths ths y ÷tjchs ÷tjchs pfrf pfrf mhsfrr mhsfrrecc eccfr fr cf `eoprh `eoprhlsj lsjðl ðl hopftê hopftêtj` tj`ff mhc pfsfme, ieroucfr sjhoprh ul predchof f rhsecvhr hs rhqujsjte mhgfr f ul cfme cf phrs ph rsph ph`t `tjv jvff f` f`tu tufc fc y teofr teofr cf mhc mhc pfsf pfsfme me.. Cf mj mjst stjl jl`j `jðl ðl hltr hltrhh rh rhsp spuh uhst stfs fs hrrðlhfs y f`hrtfmfs hs ou`bïsjof oæs hvjmhlth. ]jhopes mh hghr`j`jes, guhkes mh sjoucf`jðl y hghr`j`jes sedrh cf teof mh mh`jsjelhs7 ]rflsi ]rf lsierof erof hxph`t hxph`tftj ftjvfs vfs `uye `uye rfske rfske `frf`t `frf`thrï hrïstj stj`e `e `eltrf `eltrfrjf rjf ces lfturf lfturfchs chs
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