Dictionary of Egyptian Dialect
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Dictionary of Egyptian Dialect...
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PJ 6779.G14 Egyptian colloquial Arabic:
3 1924 026 886 600
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EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
IN PREPARATION. AEABIC PRONTJNCIATION
:
A
Practical Phonetic
Handbook.
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC A CONVERSATION GRAMMAR
AND READER BY
W.
H.
T.
GAIRDNER
Church Missionary Society, Egypt; B.A. Oxon. Superintendent of Arabic Studies at the Cairo Study Centre ;
ASSISTED BY
SHEIKH KURAYYIM SALLAM (ij
Je:x
kurejjim
sallaim)
CAMBRIDGE
W. HEFFER & SONS Ltd. 1917
ALUMNIS
SCHOL^ CAHIRENSIS UBI REBUS ARABICIS STUDETUR,
QUORUM
IN
CORPORIBUS MINIME VILIBUS
FACTUM EST EXPERIMENTUM.
"/S^SU^
.. .
..
.
CONTENTS CONVERSATION— GRAMMAR. PAGE
Table of Egyptian-Arabic Sounds The Consonants, Vowels, Diphthongs Exercises in the Vowels and Consonants
I
2
.
:
I
— Syllables
6-7
Words
II
Ex. I.
II.
The Masculine Noun
14
The Demonstrative Pronoun. Feminine Noun
The Directions.
18
III.
Form of the Comparative.
IV.
The
V.
The Possessive with Feminine Noun.
Genitive.
INTERMEZZO.
Prepositions.
Dual
The Possessed and the Possessor
;
.
22
.
28
.with [bita:'']
.
Addition of Vowels Loss of Length Quantity
Elision
Accent
The
;
32
Change of
;
36
;
VI.
The Pronoun.
VII.
" Have."
VIII.
For General Conversation.
Pronouns of the Genitive (Conjunctive) Pronouns
of the
Nominative (Disjunctive)
The Disjunctive Pronouns with Negative
40
46
The Five Senses and their
Organs. Polite Address.
The Active
Participle
Table of Active and Passive Participles
50 56-7
.
IX.
For General Conversation. Common Actions. " " Have " with negative. " Had," " Shall have
X.
For General Conversation. The Dimensions. The Sound Triliteral Verb —Aorist and Imperative " Appendix. The Verb " Was Paradigms
XI.
<
for Practising Imperative
For General Conversation.
58
56
.
70
and Aorist
72-4
What one does every Day.
Aorist with Pronouns of the Object attached with Pronouns of the Dative For Conversational Verb-Drill
;
with "
Was
.
XII. f'FoR General Conversation. (i) The Past Tense Verb ;
76 80-1
one did Yesterday. The Aorist with Negative
Wh.4.t (2)
Pronouns (3) Some Indefinite Transition to the Arabic Reader
.
.
84 89
I
CONTENTS
XIII.
(i)
The Past Verb, with Negative, and with the Conjunctive Pronouns (2)
The
.
.
.
.
.
Indefinite Singular
.
.
the Dual
;
(3) Exercise on Members of the Body For Conversational Verb-Drill .
A
XIV. For General Conversation. The Numerals from I to I o
XV.
.
.
.
.
the Plural
;
•
•
•
.
.
.
9° 90
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
96-7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
98-9
Visit to the Pyramids. ..
..
..
..
100
..
For General Conversation. The Duties of the Cook. Moods (" can," " must," etc.) Dialogue between Master and Servant For Conversational Verb-Drill ..
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
108
.
..
11 2-3
The Duties of the Table-
XVI. For General Conversation. Servant. Ordinals.
XVII.
Deformities
Colours.
The Numerals above
10
..
..
..
114
..
..
..
118
..
..
..
XVIII. For General Conversation. The Duties of the [bawwaib]. (i) Frequentative Perfect (2) Future (3) Pluperfect ;
;
(4)
XIX.
XX.
Continuative
Verbs with 2nd and 3RD Radicals the Same. Dialogue between a Lady and her Servant ..
..
..
128
For Conversational Verb-Drill and Analysis
.
.
130
Radical
is
For Verb-Drill.
or
Verbs with Verbs with
.
..
..
ist
Radical hamzated
ist
Radical [w]
—
.
Verbs with 3RD Radical [w] or [j]. Conclusion of " Ye Ladye and ye Portere .
XXIV. Verbs of
"
..
132
.
.
.
138
.
.
.
139
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
140
.
.
.
144
.
.
.
146
..152-3
.
II. .
.
.
.
.
154
.
.
.
.
.
.
160-1
..
..
..
..
..
164
.
.
.
.
.
166-7
:
For Conversational Verb-Drill
"
.
—
"
.
.
XXIII. The " Increased " Verb. Form Scenes on a Journey A Dialogue
.
..
.
Verbs with 2nd Radical [w] or [j]. The 1002nd Night " Ye Ladye and ye Portere
For Conversational Verb-Drill
Form V."
A Proposal for a Holiday
.
For Conversational Verb-Drill
XXV.
.
['].
..
For Conversational Verb-Drill
XXII.
.
[w]
A Dervish-Zikr at the Fair
XXI.
124
.
ist
.
.
.
Verbs whose
.
.
.
Verbs of " Form VII " and " Form VIII." (a) The Appointment. (6) The Barrister (c) The Closed Bridge, (d) An Odd Incident For Conversational Verb-Drill
.
.
.
1
70
172 .
.
.
.
174-5
..
..
CONTENTS
XXVI. Veres of
"
Form
Vll
IV."
The Messenger For Conversational Verb-Drill
XXVII. Verbs of
"
178 180
.
Form X."
Dialogue Between a Doctor and a Patient For Conversational Verb-Drill
188-9, 190
Verbs of " Forms III. and VI." Dialogue on the Courtesies of Debate For Conversational Verb-Drill
196-7, 198
.
XXVIII.
.
.
XXIX. Verbs wtth two
XXX.
Objects.
The Verb [idda]
l»2
192
201
The Relative Pronoun. Story of the Clever Detective Additional Exercise in the Relative
XXXI. Conditional
204 206
Sentences.
Dialogue about a Return from a Travel
XXXII. Concessive Clauses.
.
Indirect Questions.
A Letter of Congratulation
SKELETON CONVERSATIONS.
CONTENTS PAGE 240
14
The Man who tried to please Everybody The Flat and the Sharp
15
An Odd
Egypt, 19 15
242
The Khalifa and Abu n Nawwas Bargaining between Shopman and Customer Egypt and the Egyptians Debate " How can a young Egyptian best serve Some bad Coptic Customs Some bad Moslem Customs the 7Av
243 243
13
16,
17 18
19
Incident
;
241
:
20.
21
245 his
Country
?
252
:
PART (A).
AND OTHER
II.— BIBLE
5. 6.
Story of the Samaritan
3.
4.
PIECES.
Pieces from the Life of Christ.
The Birth of Christ, Luke 2:1 Jesus and the Young Children, Lu. 18 15 .. Jesus and Bartimaeus, Lu. 18 35 Jesus and the Son of the Widow of Nain, Lu. Jesus and Zacchaeus, Lu. 19:1
1
2.
247 251
25+ 255 255
:
:
255 256
7
Woman
256.
Some Parables of Christ. The Sower, Lu. 8:4.. The Good Samaritan, Lu. 10 30 The Barren Fig-Tree, Lu. 13:6
(B). 7.
257 258 258 258 258
:
The Mustard-Seed, Lu. 13 18 The Prodigal Son, Lu. 15:11 :
12. 13. 14. 15.
16. 17.
Humility, Lu. 14 7 Great Feast, Lu. 14 16 Lost Sheep and the Lost Shilling, Lu. :
The The The The The The
(C).
.
259 259
.
.
:
Prudent Steward, Lu. i5 i Unjust Judge, Lu. 18 i Sheikh and the Sinner, Lu. i18
260 260
i
:
Evil Vinedressers, Lu.
261
.
:
:
261
9
10:9
261
Some Christian Beliefs.
19.
The Supposed Corruption
20.
Repentance
21.
Forgiveness and Atonement
22.
The Holy
of the Bible
262
263 .
263
.
Trinity
265
VOCABULARY
267
INSETS.
Home
of Khalil, the Merchant The Genealogy of Ali and Fatima Illustration.
.
Verb Summaries
.
.
.
.
-,
.
facing page
29 83
200
ANALYTIC-GRAMMAR INDEX WITH CHIEF ARABIC TECHNICAL TERMS. The Noun
ANALYTIC-GRAMMAR INDEX The Verb
{ctd.)
—
PREFACE Of all Arabic colloquial dialects, the best work, and the most work, has probably been done on Egyptian Arabic. What has been accomplished
in this field
by
Spitta, Willmore, S. Spiro,
others, will certainly not be superseded.
This being
so,
and
it is
in-
cumbent on the newcomer to justify his entrance into that field, by indicating the special need which he is attempting to meet. That need in the present case can be summed up by the word presentation. It seemed to the writer that an efiort should be made to apply to Egyptian Arabic some of the modern methods now used in teaching living languages that a book needed to be compiled which should have constantly in view the ensemble of teacher-andpupil, and the oral conversational work in which they are supposed ;
to be engaged. This, then,
is
what
I
have steadily held in view in writing the I can at
present book, with what success remains to be seen. least say that
it
is
the result of practical experience as least as
embodies work done during the past four years with class after class of keen language students, during which time it was possible to see what was, and what was not, important in teaching Arabic to adults. No pains were spared to adapt the means to the end. A first draft, which represented a
much
as linguistic theory.
year's work,
and which was
It
far
from having proved a
failure,
was
An entirely new cheerfully consigned to the waste-paper basket. draft was prepared, which in turn has been so greatly supplemented, and improved, that the present book represents in reality improved and practically new version. Among the special features which have been included, the
altered, a,
third
following
may
be mentioned
:
The abohtion of disconnected sentences, which are destitute of context, and whose reason for existence is to illustrate some grammar rule. With very few exceptions all the sentences in this book have a context, consisting either of objects, pictures, (i).
or of a definite or actions which are immediately intelligible connected intelKgibly subject-matter, the elements of which are ;
inter se.
PREFACE
Xll
The abolition of the drj'-bone verb conjugations and Each verb-unit is clothed in an appropriate sentence,
(2).
paradigms.
and these sentences are arranged
in dialogue form, thus giving
living practice in the use of the various persons
and attached
pronouns.
The abolition of grammar rules preceding each exercise, (3). and the substitution of leading questions which enable the student himself to deduce the grammar illustrated by the subject-matter of each section. Thus each student compiles an Arabic grammar for himself.
In dealing with so grammatical a language as Arabic,
(4).
and
whose minds grammatical categories have not hesitated to make the main framework of the first part of the book a grammar frame-work. At the same time, I have (in the Reader and pieces " for general conversation ") crossed this method by another which turns on subject, and which therefore cuts right across grammar and grammar rules. The result is, to some extent, a compromise between two methods, which are often contrasted by their representatives in a hostile way. It remains to be seen whether this proceeding will earn the benediction or the wrath of both parties. The medium of instruction is Arabic from the very outset, (5). in writing for students in
are already formed,-
1
English being dispensed with. parallel pages, for
enthusiasts (to this
aim
;
which
whom
I
Even the
for a glance at the English in print will save
drag English into the conversation. will
having to (Moreover the English section
be useful for retranslation, which
is
so valuable a
way
of con-
must not be forgotten that good language teachers are rare, not common and it
serving the results of each lesson). in the east
insertion of the English
apprehend the censure of Reform Method owe so much), is intended to accord with I
It
;
would not therefore be safe to argue that, because trained languageteachers 'of the direct methods in the west can throughout and entirely refrain from calling in the aid of English, this will be the case
when
so
difficult
a language as Arabic
is
being taught b\
eastern teachers to Europeans. It remains to add a few words about the notation which has been used in this book. In regard to the use of a Romic rather than the Arabic system no apology at this time of day is needed. It is sufficient to saj'
that
all
who have worked
seriously at
any Arabic Colloquial have
PREFACE
XIU
found Arabic s3nnbo]s for it not only inconvenient, but utterly impracticable. So little does the use of Romic symbols interfere with the study of the Classical in the Arabic notation that the parallel use of
the two has been found an advantage, in helping
to keep the two forms ocularly,
and mentally, distinct. But what kind of Romic ? It is unfortunate that all who have written on Arabic have employed systems more or less different from each other so that the introduction of yet another system and so
— —needs an apology, especially seeing that the Egyp-
;
different a one
tian Government's recent adoption of one of the others (Willmore's) for the place-names in its maps and plans might seem to have gone some way to standardizing that system.
to
The following considerations, however, determined the writer abandon Willmore's system (followed in the first draft), and adopt
that of the International Phonetic Association (with the necessary modifications). (i). The multiplicity of the diacritic points below the letters and the length-marks above the unsoundness, scientifically, of having so many marks above and below the eye's line of travel and the proved insufficiency of those marks to arrest the attention and to ensure correct habits of pronunciation. In the present book the diacritic marks have been introduced into the body of each letter, and the length-mark is now in the same line as the ;
;
;
letters themselves. (2).
The unsoundness
sound, as Willmore's
of using
two
letters to indicate
one
This defect was
still
[sh] for [J], [gh] for [9].
letters had to be doubled, and the clumsy were produced. S. Spiro correctly avoids this, but only at the cost of employing yet more diacritic signs.
more apparent when the groups
[shsh], etc.,
(3).
The
advisability of adopting a scientific phonetic notation
which would be internationally
valid,
because
internationally
recognised.
Only the International Phonetic Alphabet appeared to satisfy and in consequence it was finally adopted Experience has shewn that there is no need whatsofor this work. ever to be alarmed by its apparent novelties. Students have experienced no difficulty in slipping into it from the very first the necessary conditions
;
lesson.
My hearty thanks are due to my wife and to Miss H. M. Harrison for
much
help in the laborious work of copying in the formative
PREFACE
XIV
of the book to MiJad Effendi Saleeb, AtoUa Effendi Athanasms, and Sheikh Ali Niih (all teachers of Arabic in the Cairo Study Centre), for pieces contributed to the Reader to Miss .fanet Lewis for the effective illustration which she so kindly executed at my request and most of all to my Arabic assistant. Sheikh Kurayyim Sallam, whose carefulness, patience and inventiveness were never found wanting. If this book aids any student to a surer and speedier acquisition of a grammatical and idiomatic Arabic, I shall feel greatly
stages
;
;
;
rewarded.
Cairo,
Nov.
9,
1916.
I
03
Q
O C/2
pq
—
H I
>H
o w
o w 1-1
pq
H
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
2
CONSONANTS. Plosives.
b
Fully voiced,
t
Dental,
W02!
voice present from the beginning of the plosion,
i.e.
alveolar as the English
ably further forward.
Tongue-point consider-
[t].
Lips
Aspirated.
away from
teeth,
d
Fully voiced.
t
As [t] but with velarization.' Unaspirated. Lips conceal As [t], voiced. As English [k]. Well aspirated. As English [g] in " gold."^
a k g
q
Position, as
Pronounce key, kah, koo, and
The sound made
?
[t].
[q] is
teeth.
one degree further back.^
in a slight, hardly audible, cough.
Nasals.
IWith good nasal sonority.* Laterals. 1
The whole of the front of tongue high and well forward, point and that, whatever and edges against upper front teeth vowel precedes or follows. Back of tongue down.' Back of tongue raised.^ Point slightly retracted. Rolled. ;
i
r
Trilled
more than an English,
less
than a Scottish
forward, not retroverted and turned
Velarising
'
position.
is
up
as in
[r].' Tongue American [r].
the raising of the back of the tongue towards the
What one
feels is as if
gu
the whole tongue was raised, and also ex-
panded, in the mouth. ^
?
In upper Egypt EngUsh g
in gaol
[dj]
is
substituted.
Otherwise word for koran (qur'am) in the colloquial. substituted in and near Cairo, and g in most of the provinces.
3
is
Only
in the
" ^ g (ng in EngUsh king ") may occur, accidentally, when n is followed by unvowelled k or g: e.g. bar|k (" counting-house "), birjg ("chloroform "). 5 Voiceless 1 is heard when unvowelled after a closed syllable, e.g.
figl ("radish "). 6 See Note i Nominally only in the Arabic word for God (siiQih) but occurs also when 1 is influenced by a neighbouring velarised consonant e.g. taiab ("request") for tslab. Scotch, American, and even English speakers must take great care to keep 1 and i quite distinct. .
7
mitr
Voiceless (metre).
r
is
heard when unvowelled after a closed
syllable,
e.g.
egyptian colloquial arabic
3
Fricatives.
w
Lips
considerably more
Enghsh f
As English
s
Point a in
s
[f].
above the lower front teeth. Lips right away which show. Stronger, more ringing hiss than England,
from z
rounded and protruded than with
[w].
little
teeth,
Same, voiced, Tongue-point as
in
[s]
;
velarised.^
Hiss duller than that of z
Same, voiced.'
J
As Enghsh
9 X
h '^
but with front part of tongue somewhat more
Lips slightly protruded,
raised. i
[sh],
Lips nearly conceal teeth.
[s].
As Enghsh [y]. As [ch] in Scotch " loch," voiced. Without uvular (As [g] in German "wagen".) With uvular scrape. As [ch] in German " ach "
scrape.
!
Passage just behind uvular narrowed. Hold thus while breath is puffed through. No uvular scrape must he heard. Unvoiced. Voiced.
Constriction of muscles
owing to the of voice
is
as
still
stronger than with
difficulty of voicing in this position.
when one attempts
[h],
Tone
to sing a note below one's
lowest compass.
h
As English
'
See p.
^ E.g.
2,
[h]
note
dufin
;
but the voiced correlative
i.
(" oil "),
or
duhn.
[fi]
is
often heard.'
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
VOWELS. [International Phonetic symbols are enclosed in square brackets.
The
sign
:
denotes the lengthening of the
When
previous vowel.
this sign is placed in brackets
denotes an original long syllable which through
it
position loses
some or
all of its length.]
Narrow when lengthened, as in English " mj'en." somewhat wider [i], as in Enghsh "hit".
When
short,
pure vowel, not diphthongised as in English " detour."
A
As
French e. Almost exactly as English a in man, but with more open mouth. In prolonging a:, be careful to hold tongue very steady, [ae]. and not to diphthongise as in English "air," nor to get to the position of English " err,"
As
in
English " father."
[a:].
Almost exclusively a long vowel
in Arabic.
" obscure " variety of the above as the Enghsh u in bud, somewhere between a and the vowel in " err ". Almost
An
exclusively a short vowel in Arabic,
As a
in English what,
and o
[a].
In prolonging, be careful
in lot.
not to tighten anything, nor to increase the rounding, as is
done in English (contrast " wan " and " worn,"
wain),
A
— wan,
[o].
pure vowel, not diphthongised as o
is
in English, e.g. "lo!".
As Scotch " no," French " tdt." Lips well rounded. Narrow when long, as in English " rwde." Somewhat wider when short, as in English " iull " [u]. Lips well rounded.
A
very rapid "obscure" vowel, in short unaccented syllables, e.g.
m'hammad ("Mohammed").
DIPHTHONGS, a
to
i.
a to
i.
i
a
and u very narrow.
Indeed
to u.
Q to
j
and
w
are often reached.
u.
ACCENT. The accent is denoted (when required) by the sign immediately before the accented syllable.
'
placed
cd
3
TJ
CO
cd
03
•d
1
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
EXERCISES IN THE VOWELS AND CONSONANTS. [For sound-driU and practice in reading only.
Not
or memorizing.]
The kasra
or
i
and
e group.
II.
for vocabulary
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
d
10
With
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
II
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
12
Diphthongs '
ai,
m.
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
I3
SUMMARY OF RULES FOR THE A-VOWELS. Without going into all the details, which would lead to too great intricacy, the following guiding principles for determining the character of the A-vowels may be mentioned. 1.
occur when
r, x, g] precede. The first four The last three lose some or all of their modifying force when the succeeding consonants are non-modifying and are vowelled with [i]. At the
[q, q:]
d, s, z,
[t,
without any exception.
end of words the vowel that succeeds nearer [a] than [a]. 2.
[a]
3.
[a:]
4.
[d]
5.
[a]
when
occurs occurs
when
[t,
d, s, z]
succeed.
d, s, z]
and
[t,
[r]
[r,
x]
and
[g]
is
succeed.'
occurs when [i,x, g] succeed. But when these consonants are vowelled with [i] then [a] will precede, unmodified.
when none
above seven modifying consonThus, twenty-one consonants do not modify at all. occurs
of the
ants are found in the positions mentioned above.
N.B.
—In
the succeeding pages
as a non-modifying consonant.
we have decided
It is true that
to treat
['']
very often the ear
seems clearly to hear ['a, a'-, 'a:] rather than ['a, a''] and ['a:]. But if one listens intently or asks the teacher to pronounce the vowel very distinctly, one hears the [a] vowel clearly emerge at This shows that the apparent [a] character of the vowel the last. is really due to the passing from the [a] -timbre associated with which is inherent in the consonant itself. "^
^
a:
when X and g
succeed.
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
14
EXERCISE
No.
I.
The First Exercise. The Masculine Noun.
What
?—A
book That (is) a book. Say (it) again [lit. " from a second (time) "). Once again [lit. " also a time ").
1.
2. 3.
(is)
this
not perfect
4.
Still
5.
Now
(it's)
(
= " not yet perfect
—This a book a handkerchief. —This paper.
—
See now, this " white."
?
?
is
Do you know
a white handkerchief.
is .
also.
is
See, this
.
paper,
(is)
(is it)
not so
?
(the word)
—-Yes,
this
paper.
is
Well, this
10.
").
better.
And what is this ? And this ? This is And this, what is it
6.
!
This
is white.
white too.
is
This
a handkerchief, eh
is
a shirt,
is
it is
white too.
?
Well, this
The handker-
13.
the shirt is white the paper is white. chief is white Understood ? Understood perfectly [or not yet .). Well then, white means what ? White means not black. This is a book. This is a big book and this is a small book. Say that That is big; that is small: understood? Yes, understood:
14.
(Is)
15.
Correct!
16.
(Is)
17.
Correct
!
18.
Look.
That
;
;
.
11.
—
12.
that
big, that small.
is
—Yes, that a small book — No, that a big book (Is)
?
it is big.
that a small book ?
door
:
.
—
Is that a big is
a door
understood
?
:
—
book
?
it is ?
—Yes,
it is
small.
big.
—No,
it is
small.
an open door. That Understood That is, etc. that
is
is
a shut
!
That is a window. That is an open window and that is a shut window. Yes, that is, etc. Is the door (the window) open now ? Yes, the door is open now.
19.
—
20.
'
i
of
kita:b elided, being unaccented and followed by a long accented
syllable. -
u
3
Assimilated from
•*
loses its length
The a
before two consonants (Im).
kaman.
loses its length, see note 2.
Orig. qu:l.
— EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
15
tamriin nimrit wa:hid.
awwil tamrim.
tamrim Lawwil.)
(it
l_ism_il m'zakkar.
?eh da
?—kita;b
min tami
''ul''
da_kta:b/
!
[fem.
'uili, pi.
'uiluV
'
kamain^ mdrra. lissa
?
muj tamam.
dilwe't ahsan.
—
wi ?eh da ? da ktab'* kaman. wi da ? da mandid. wi da 'eh huiwa ? da wara'.
—
—
ba'a abjad ? *
Juf5
(/. .
.
p. Ju:fu), da mandi:l_abjad. ti'^raf da wara', muJ kida ? aiwa da wara?.
Ju:fi,
—
Ju:f,
aho d_abjad. da mandid, muJ kida da 'amiis, hu:w(a)_abjaa kaman. -•amiis 'abjad il wara' 'abjad tamaim [or lissa muJ mafhu:m).
10.
;
11.
ba'a, 'abjad
12.
da_kta:b.
13.
da
ja'^ni e: ?
da kta:b
aho d_abjad kaman. mandid 'abjad il mafhu:m ? ^mafhuim
il ;
;
—
—abjad kibiir,
kbi:r, de_sg.ajjdr.''
?
ja'^ni mujjswid. wi da kta:b sugajjdr.
mafhuim?
— aiwa, mafhuim:
'ul kida!
da_kbi:r,
da_sgajjdr.
—aiwa, hu:wa_kbi:r. —aiwa hu:wa_sgajjctr. da_ktab sugajjdr — hu:wa_kbi:r. tamam da ktab — hu:wa_sgajjdr. da ba:b. da bab® maftuih. da bab ma'fud. da ba:b, hu:m —mafhuim da_kta:b kibi:r
14.
tamam
15.
!
?
da_kta:b sugajjar
;
?
16. 17.
!
18.
Juif
kibi:r
;
?
la:,
?
la,
!
?
maf-
etc.
!
da Jibbak' maftuih, wi da Jibbak ma'fud. da Jibbaik. aiwa, da Jibbadc, etc. aiwajl bab (_J il bab da (ij Jibbak) maftu(:)h dilwa't ?
19.
—
20.
Jibbak) maftu(:)h dilwa't.
5
Similarly the
*
'abjad
u
loses length
usually loses
emphasis. 7
u
8
See note
elided. 2.
See note
i.
'
(orig. Ju:f).
after
a.
consonant, but
may
retain
it
for
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
l6 21.
It is
22.
That That That That
open now
?
—No, not open now.
a big open book.
is is
a big shut book.
is
a small open book.
is
a small shut book.
—That —No, black. that a white book —No,
23.
What
24.
Is it
that
is
white
?
is
ink.
?
?
25.
(Is)
26.
Correct
We
!
not small
What
Now it is shut.
:
say,
it is
open,
it is
it is
black, it is
a black book.
it is
not white.
It is big,
it is
not shut.
? These (are) a book, and paper, and a handand window, and a door, {or) These are the book, kerchief, a and the paper, and the handkerchief, and the window, and
27.
are these
the door.
Very good. Say now, " These are a big book, and white paper, and a white handkerchief, and an open window, and a shut door, and a long pen." " Long," means what ? This is a long lesson, n'est-ce
28.
29.
pas
?
—Yes,
very long.
it is
For Systematic Grammar.
I.
Deduce the rule for copulas " is " and " are, " etc, Deduce the rule for indefinite " a," " an." Deduce rule for attribution of adjective to an mdefinite noun. Deduce rule for attribution of two adjectives to an indefinite
1.
2. 3. 4.
noun.
Observe absence of interrogative particle terrogation denoted in above sentences ?
5.
^ 1 ^
J
in-
=
it (is)
not
;
shortened into
muj,
not.
ma =
ne;
hu
= il
;
pas.
3 'il
(unless
how then was
passing vowel to separate the three consonants 'th.
mahuj
hke
:
loses its
it is
hamza
separated from
after the final it
by a
stop.
consonant of the preceding word
'
!
.
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
17
—
huiwa maftuh dilws't ? ^la:, muj maftuh dilwa't. dilwa't' huiwa ma'fu:!. da ktab kibi(:)r maftu*. da ktab kibi(:)r ma'fuil. da ktab sugajjdr maftuih. da ktab sugsjjar ma'fuil. ? eh da ? da hibr. hu:wa_bJQa ? —la:, da 'iswid. da kta:b_abjad ? la:, hu:wajcta:bjswid. tama:m! bLn'u:l, hu:wa_swid, mahuj^_abjad. hu:wa kbi:r. mahuj" sugajjdr. hu:wa maftu:h, mahuj ma'fu:l. ?eh do:l ? do:l kita:b, wi wara', wi mandi:l, wi Jibba:k, wi
21.
22.
—
23 24.
—
25. 26.
—
27.
ba:b
{or
Jibba:k,
do:LiP
wij
kita:b,
wi_l'*
wara', wi_l mandi:I, wLJ'
ba:b).
?ul dilwa't "do:l kitab kibi:r, wi wara'_abjad, wi mandi:l_abjad, wi Jibbak maftu:h, wi bab ma'fu:l, wi
28.
tajjib xa:lis!
29.
" tawi:l "
''alam tawi:I. ja'^ni
'eh
?
da ddrs
tawi:l,
muJ kida
?
—aiwa
tawi:l 'awi
preceded by a final vowel, 'il loses its vowel also. preceding final consonant is J the 1 is assimilated to it. About viz. stops, t, t, d, d ; continuaiives, half the consonants assimilate thus 4 If 5
If the
:
n, r,
S,
S, Z, Z,
J,
(Also, occasionally g, and, rarely, k.)
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
l8
II.
The Second Exercise. The
The Demonstrative Pronoun.
Where
I.
—Void the pen the window — Voici the window the sky — Voila the sky above = *And where —The ceihng above Hke the above the sun —The sun —The earth below. where the big book Where the big book —Here —That the small book. what — the black — the white paper. the pen
is
?
!
[The handkerchief, the door,
Where Where 4.
Where
5.
And
(^
Listen
And And And
9 10
!
?
is ?
is
etc., etc.]
?
is
ceiHng
?
too,
is
is it ?
?
It is
this
?
It is
This envelope
rooif.
is
?
is it ?
this
the
too.
is
is
this,
is
!
the earth, !
The Feminine Noun.
Directions.
is
is
ink.
open, n'est-ce pas
is
?
—
-Yes, this
envelope
is
open.
window shut
II
Is this
12
This big book
Is this small
14.
This ink
15.
Is
—No,
book
book shut
is
black, not so
open,
—Yes, —Yes,
?
is
Is this lesson nice
very clean ?
— Yes,
;
it is
shut,
is
this
?
this small
this ink
clean
is ?
book
black
;
— Yes,
it is
not dirty.
very
nice.
20.
is
21.
this
?
?
it
shut,
it is
it is
black.
that
white
is
it is
?
is
is it
*
is
is
Is this
18.
19.
open.
not shut.
—This a pen-nib. nib good. nib good — Yes, very good —Yes, very good. Is Where the good nib — Here the good nib —This pretty thing This pretty thing, what What
17.
it is
?
it is
not this white handkerchief
handkerchief 16.
window is not
?
not open. is
this
open, n'est-ce pas
is
Certainly,' this big
13.
?
!
?
This sign denotes a resumption by the "known I" cp. German gewiss.
first
is
a picture.
speaker.
^
Lit.
^
Very short passing vowel to separate the three consonants 'ff. Lit. "she," for ?Qrd is feminine, though without the characteristic
3
of the feminine, see No. 17.
[a]
!
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
IQ
tamriin nimrit_itne:n. taini
tamrim. ism
1.
'ijaira.
il
'alam
il [il
fe:n
mandiil,
ba:b,
ij
3.
is
sama
gihait.
fe:n
?alam
il
mu'annas.
il
^aIam_aho(h)
(il
!
ism
!)
etc., etc.]
?—?aho_J ?
ta:ni.)
it
il
?—?ahoJ
il
Jibbak fe:n
2.
tamriin
(it
—?ahe
s
kaman. Jams' fem ? ijjams
Jibbaik
Jibbaik aho(h)
!
(ij
sama
fo:'
!
fo(:)?
kaman,
=*wjs
!)
sa'f fe:h
?—is
sa'fi^ fo(:)'
—
4.
iJ
5.
wij
6.
isma"; {or
?—
?erff fe(:)n hiija^ il
!
fem?
kita:b_il kibi(:)r
kita:b
il
aho
kibiir
il
zejji_s_sa'f.
?ardi taht.
il
— ?adij
kita:b_il
kibi:r
!)
—
wi da 'eh_hu:wa ? da_l_kita:b_i9_sugajjdr. wi da ? hu:wa_l hibr' Ijswid. wi da ? hu:wa 1 ware' Labjsd.
7.
— —
8.
9.
da maftuih, muj kida
iz zarfi
10.
(?aiwa_z_zarf.
Jibbak da ma'fuil hu:wa maftu:h. {or il kitaib il kibi(:)r da
11.
iJ
12.
kida ?
—ma'^ lumi,
maftuih, 13.
il
14.
il
15.
il
?
mahuj
il
?
—
la:,
{or
il
kita:b
maftiiih.
hibr' da_swid,*
muJ kida
16.
id dars'
17.
'eh
dii
?
da Labjad
mahuJ
da_kwajjis'
—di
zarf da maftuih.
iJ
Jibba(:)k
da muJ ma'fuil,
kitab da
il
kibiir
da
kibiir)
1
{or
il
maftuih,
?
ir riiJa di
naf^a
19.
20.
ir
—aiwa hibr' da_swid. huiwa_swid. — aiwa mandiil da l_abjad 1
nidiif
?
1
wisix. ?
—aiwa
hiiiwa_kwaijis
kitiir.
21.
il
r riiJa di
?
hiija naf''a_ktiir.
?
riija_n
For iswid. Full form
formation).
pronounce
?
di
5
it
muJ
kibiir)
riija.
hiija naf''a_kti:r
*
1
—aiwa_l kitaib da s sugajjdr
—aiwa naf^a. —aiwa naf-a fem — aidi_r_riija_n naf'^(a)_ahe 'eh_hiija — haiga gamiila haigaj gamiila
18.
da
kitaib
ma''fuil.
ma? full, mahuJ
nidiif kitiir,
iz
la_J Jibbaik...)
kitaib_i9_eu9ajjdr da ma-'fuil
mandiil
—'aiwa,
..)
?
kuwajjis (which, hke Only women give this word kwaijis, or even kwais.
il
1
sugajjdr, its
is in
!
di suira.
the diminutive
fuU articulation.
Men
usually
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
20
—This long thing a long table long table wide too —Yes, wide table high too —Yes, high Where are the books —Here are the books Are these books nice — they are very
22.
This long thing, what
23.
Is this
is it ?
is
this
?
Is this long,
24.
is
this long,
?
wide too.
wide table
!
?
26.
is
too.
?
25.
table.
nice.
^Yes,
—Yes, these nice books are open. a book nor a a book or a nib — Neither but pen). a pencil colour black or white —This colour neither black, nor white, but —^They are neither big nor Are these books big or Are these nice books open
27.
Is this
28.
nib,
?
(is)
?
this is
Is this
29.
this
(or
?
is
red.
small,
small,
30.
but medium. Is this lesson
31.
short,
it is
medium
or short
?
—
It is neither
medium nor
very long indeed.
For Systematic Grammar.
Deduce from the above the general
1.
rule for forming the fern.
from masc. adjective. 2.
Deduce the regular masc.
3.
Decline, from the above, the
plural termination. (See No. 26.) word for " this," in masc, fem.
and plural. Also the more vivid [aho]. Deduce the rule for the adjective in agreement with a definite noun. And what if there is more than one adjective ? Notice that neuter plural nouns may be accompanied by
4.
5.
feminine singular adjectives,
'
etc.
Neuter plurals may be accompanied by feminine singular pronouns, and verbs. Or alternatively, as here, by plural ditto.
adjectives,
humma kwajjisa would be also correct but not hi:ja kwajjisiin. Or la 'hu:wa_swid. ^ Or il kutub do:l la hi_kbi:rQ, etc., or la humma_kbi:ra. 5 For 'usajjar, also a diminutive formation. Compare the build of sugajjdr, kuwajjis, 'usajjdr. '
3
;
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC 22.
ha:ga
il
dLt_tQwi:la
'eh_hi:ja
?
—
21
ha:ga
il
di_t_tewi:la
terebe:za. 23.
tersbeiza dLt_tQwi:la "^driida
it
tswiila di '^ariids it
24.
kaman ?—aiwa
t
tarebeizect
kaman.
terabeiza di_t_tfewi:laj '^dn&et tarQbe:za_t tawiilaj
— aiwa_t
kaman ? kaman
"^alja
"^ariida di hi:ja "^alja
?
kutub fe:n ?—?ahi ('ahumma)'J kutub (or il kutub ahum !). il kutub do:l kuwaj'jisa? (kuwajjisiin ?)* aiwa hi:ja_kwajjisa (humma_kwajjisim)- xailis. il kutub do:l il kuwajjisa maftuiha? (kuwajjisim, maftu:hi:n). 'aiwa_l kutub do:l, etc.
25.
il
—
26.
27.
—
da_ktaib walla
28.
ri:Ja
?
—
da_kta:b
la
wala
ri:Ja,
la:kin
da
'alam. 29.
il
lo:n
da_swid walla_bjed
?
—
il
loin
da
la
'hu_swid3 wala_
bjad, laikin hu:wa_(a)hmar.
— id ddrs' da mitwassat walla_'sajjdr'? —
30.
il
kutub
do:l kibiira walla_sgajjarQ?
la hi_kbi:ra*
wala_
sgajjdra, la:kin hiija mitwassata.
31.
la
wala''_''sajjar,
huiwa tawid 'awi
hu:wa^ mitwa&sat
xa:lis.
— —
rule for " neither nor but " sentences. does the Arabic for " nor " differ from "or." ? In clauses with " this " plus an adjective phis a noun
Deduce the
6.
7.
" this big door ") in
show that "
this "
[da]
can be
How (e.g.
fitted in
two ways.
—
The [da] may be translated "this" or "that." word for " that " [dukha], [dikha], [dukham], may only be used when the object has to be distinctly emphasised in N.B.
special
comparison with a nearer one.
Or la hu. Notice that in all these " neither nor " sentences, the second may be given the pronoun with J, e.g. wala huj ''usajjdr, " nor is it short." "nor is it (/.) a nib." But in this case it is So in No. 28, wala hij rilja better to give the first clause J also, e.g. huiwa muj mitwassat (or «
—
7
=
ma
huJ).
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
22
III.
The Third Exercise. Form of the Comparative.
The Dual.
Prepositions.
2.
this book Here are two books, one, two And this book is smaller than that. that. Good say (it) you This book is bigger than that one. This book
3.
This book
1.
!
;
is
bigger than Understood ?
is
smaller than
!
that one.
one
long and broad.
is
means,
(this)
:
it is
and wider than that
It is longer
long and broad beside' that.
5.
These two are bigger Here also are two books three, four than those, and these two smaller than those. Which book is the biggest of (among) these two? This one
6.
Which
4.
:
or that
This
?
chair
is
!
the biggest, or This
the small(est)
is
bigger than that.
is
among
these two
?
—
^This
is
the smallest.
book the biggest
Is this
7.
Neither
this
(is)
of these three, or this one here ? one bigger, nor this one, but that one
(there). 8.
Are these two books the biggest
9.
Which two
of these six, or these
two
?
Neither these, nor these, but those two. ?
—This one and
this.
Is this table bigger than this, or smaller
10.
—This table
?
is
much
bigger than that.
This book
11.
and
bigger than this, and this one
is
one
this
biggest of
is
[And
all.
is
bigger than this,
so, shortest,
smallest,
broadest.]
Or we
12.
say, this
broad(est),
The
13.
chair
is
higher than
Which
14.
is
(the) big(gest) of
small(est),
chair
high, the table
them is
[and
all
so,
short(est),
etc.]
all {or
is
higher,
highest of
and the cupboard
is
all).
the highest of these two
This chair
?
is
the
higher. '
•will
Lit. " off," "
be observed
away from."
The two ways
of expressing the comparative
the positive adjective with "^an, and the comparative with
;
min. ^
The
of accent, 3
suffixing of the dual termination
and so
In da_kbi:r,
successfully than
em
robs the previous syllable
of length also.
i
da tewid, da
(or u).
'arild, note that
a
resists elision
more
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
23
taniriai nimrit talaita.
tamrim.
ta:lit
tamrim
(it
tailit.)
it
si:gitJt_tQfdi:l.
huru:f.
it
hinajcta'bem/ wa:hid, itne:n dukha. wi 1 kitaib da_S9ajjdr
1.
kitaib
il
!
tasnija.
"^an
da^kbiir^
"^an
mafhu:m
dukha.
?
tajjib, qu:l inta. 2.
il
3.
il
min dukha.
kita:b d_akbar'*
il
min dukha.
kitaib d_Qsgar
kita:b da tawiiP wi "^ariid.^ hu:w_atwal w_a'^rQa min dukha, ja'^ni, hu:wa tawi:l wi "^arird "^an dukha. hina kaman kitabem talarta, arba'^a IJtnem doiLalkbcir
4.
;
!
6.
min dukham, wi IJtnem doiLasgar min dukham. (a'^rad). anho_kta(:)b kibiir [akbar] fi IJtnem do:l, da walla da ?— da Lakbdr, d_akbdr min da. Or dajcbi:r "^an da. anho kursi sugajjar fi Litnem do:l ? da Lasgar.
7.
il
8.
il
5.
—
kitaib da Lakbdr fi t talaita akbar wala 'da, laikin dukha.
kita'bein do(:)l
—
wala itnein_anhum ? la doil
Lakbdr
fi
doil, laikin
walla
doil,
s sitta do:l, 1
—
itnein
walla
da wi da. ( = dawda). itjarabeiza di 'akbdr min dikha, walLasgar di 'akbdr min dikha_ktiir.
11.
il
12.
walla_n''uil
1
13.
;
da_kbiir
sugajjar,
etc.]
kursi da
"^aili,
kuU
+ Full
We
wi
?
—
^it
tarabeiza
t
"^an
il
kuU [and
tarabeiza
?a''la,''
so
'usajjar,
wi d dulaib
il
'^drird,
'a'-la
mil
kuU).
{or 'a-^laj
anho kursi
5
itnein doil?
kitab d_akbdr min da, wi d_akbdr min da, wi d_akbdr kulP [and so a'sar,^ Qsgar, a'^rad, etc.]
il
14.
1
'd_
dukham.
10.
9.
dahd?—la
La'^la
fi
IJtnem
doil
?
—
il
kursi daho La'^la.
form 'akbdr but these comparatives usually lose their hamza. might also have here akbar mil kuU, " bigger than all " (mil for ;
minjl). *
Comparative of qusajjdr
' "^aili
It is not
is
for
'^ailij.
(short).
The length
sounded here because of
See
II.,
note
9.
in ?a''lai represents this third radical.
loss of accent.
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
24 Listen
15.
There
!
is
And
a book.
Well, where
it.
is
this is
the big book
?
a book too, bigger than is under-
—The big book
neath.
—The small one above the beneath the small one. = Do you understand " above and beneath " —Yes, understand above. Where the big one now —Now in one now — where There are two chairs And
16.
the small one, where
is
is it ?
meaning, the big one
big,
is
?
I
fine.
?
is
17.
18.
it is
is
;
front,
and
?
this
^This is
this behind.
19.
Here is a chair and a sofa the chair is where ? and the sofa where ? The chair is in front of the sofa, and the sofa
20.
now, these are chairs, one, two, three Here is a sofa where are the chairs ? -The chairs are now round the sofa. And where is the sofa now ? It is between the two chairs
:
—
behind the chair. ;
:
—
—
21.
(or in
Where
22.
the midst of the chairs). is
the biggest book of those books
?
—The
biggest
books is underneath all. And the smallest of these books is on top of all. Show me the biggest one of those books. There is the biggest one of those books, under the little books. Now these two books are on the table and now where is the big one ? The big one is upon the small one. Good now where is it ? Now the big one is by the side of
book book
23.
24.
of those
;
—
25.
—
!
the small one.
Look
26.
!
now
the books are
And now on And now behind,
beside one another.
top of one another, or below each other.
.
.
.
.
or in front of, each other.
— —
29.
Where is the pen now ? Now it is inside the book. Where is this house ? In Cairo. Are we in the house or outside ? ^We are in the house.
30.
And
27. 28.
is
house Is this
31.
I
Fern,
—
the house in a street or in a native quarter
?
— The
a street, not in a native quarter. lesson hard ? No, it is not very hard. is
in
—
fahma
p.
fahmi:n
(for
faihima, faihimim).
Lit.
a participle,
" understanding." ^
Like aho,
3
Or
il
but
less vivacious.
kita:b_iLakbar,
il
kita:b_il esgar.
Similarly, • the highest
—
!
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC isma";
35.
wa da_ktab kaman, akbdr minnu.
?adLkta:b.
!
ba'aj
kita:b
kibi(:)r fern
il
25
?—
kita:b
il
il
kibi(:)r taht.
wi s sugajjar fe(:)n hu:wa?—is sugajjar fo:?_il kibi:r, ja-.
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EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
l68
XXIV.
For Systematic Grammar. 1.
" verb.
"
Sound on p. 162, Nos.
I
Apart from the prefix [it] the rules given and 2, apply to this form, and its corre-
sponding quadriliteral, absolute^. 2.
The
infinitive
form
tasawwur],
[ta''allum,
Form
colloquial form, the infinitive of
borrowed and substituted 3.
The only weak verb
of this
exemplified in No. in
Form
is
AA
a
II. is
is
scarcely a
usually
it.
form calling
for notice is the
one
But whereas the corresponding verb
9.
A
for
etc.,
II. [taf^iil] is
verb
I
[bana
(like
jibni]), in
Form
V.
it
Contrast
(like ['are ji'^re]).
sawwa, jisaww[i].
But
itsawwa, jitsaww[a]. 4.
partic. mitsaww[i].
Significations of form («) To do the action expressed in Form :
oneself
:
[it*^allim]
e.g.
II. to oneself or in " to teach oneself (have oneself
taught)," and so " learn."
Apply
this
to
[itfassah,
Middle, or reflexive, of
issawwdr,
II.
ifaddim, it'oxxer,
itldxbat], etc.
" to
oneself out. ..." e.g. oneself out great," " to be proud."
(6)
And
(c)
make And so
(d)
Merely passive of
so,
make
[itkabbdr] " to
" to pretend to be. .," " to ape. .," e.g. [iddarwij] " to pretend to be a dervish," [itfcimag] " to ape foreigners." II.
[laggim]
" to bridle,"
[itlaggim]
" to be bridled."
Notice the assimilation of the
and other consonants.
[tj
m
[issswwar, miggawwiz]
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
lyo
XXV. Verbs of " Form VII [infa^'al
"
and
and
(it-)
"
Form
VIII."
ifta'^al.]
FOR READING. [{a)
A.
The Appointment.] you, you must wait for [or expect)
If it's possible for
me to-morrow
at
your house, and
I will
be found there between
three and four o'clock.
B. Why I have an appointment with so-and-so at that time but just (wait) until I excuse myself to him. A I think that however much you excuse yourself to him he ;
.
won't accept the excuse. B. Oh come if he does not accept, that is his affair. A Now then you must be sure not to vex him, seeing that !
.
!
you previously gave him an appointment. B. No that man annoys me and hinders me from my work. I only hope he will get vexed and give me up and have done with it. A. Considering you have a meeting (of a Society) once a week, where does this " giving up " come in ? B. The best thing is for me to leave the Society, since my inclination will not allow that he should meet with me, not even ;
once a week. C.
D. C. for
me
[(&) The barrister {advocate).] your opinion of that barrister, my dear friend. I think he's a man (who) works conscientiously. Well then, shall I rely on your word and get him to plead
What
in
my
is
law-suit
?
Even though
D.
I
(leaning) nevertheless be
C.
is relying on Him will never fail Hadn't we best direct ourselves to order to make conditions with him for his labour ?
Of course everyone who
but you know what
him
in
Do
D. I
have ^
3
I
mean
just wait,
if
!
.
.
.
only a moment, until
I finish
the thing
in hand.
The verb
being past ^
do praise him to you. let your rehance on God (and then) youil succeed.
(cp.
after a conditional tense
our "
if I
knew him,
from nazar. Or anwigid. Both forms
I
is
in the past tense, without the sense
would, etc."
VIII.,
+ Colloquial
are VII. from
change of d into d
;
wagad.
root-word dajji' (narrow).
!
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
tamrim
it
11
?aFa:l
illi
min
d_ana
B.
amm
mi'^aid
"^andi
mi'^aid.]
il
mumkinak,
w_an(a)_at'wigid3 .
'asaf
s
man
na:s)
humanity,
?insa(:)nijja
humaneness
regret
be very sorry
V. it'assif
on
mm
?
'umma,
e
fi:)
reflect
'asar, p. ?a(:)sa:r trace, remain{s) ? s
and with
{tr.,
iniurious injury
?hl
?sl people p 'aha:U ?ahlan {from 'ahl " worthy ") 'ahl, 'qsI, p. 'usuil
origin principle
;
;
root-
?kd ?akkid
II.
asseverate of a certainty be certain
bi t ta?ki:d
V. it'akkid ?
wakkil
II.
welcome
beginning
" original, " cost
'asli
I. ?am 'awam
kl
_11
"^ilim, ji'^lam
bhtr know
(bi)
in}, ''ilm (p. "-uluim)
I.
'amcir,
be dispersed
itbahtdr
knowledge
bxr
(branches of do.) '
miracle, text
b
give to eat
(/;'.)
(duly)
due time
'aija, p. -a:t
Mm I.
came
!
mcense
buxuir
mr
II.
ju'mur ((if.)
bdxxdr
command,
cense
bdd
commission (j)art.
pass.)
ma^muir
II.
Commissioner 'amr, do.
p.
p.
'umuir ?awa:mir
affair,
b d
thing
command
embezzle
baddid
I.
baddr, jibdur
r (5)
{or II.)
scatter
a
)
;
VOCABULARY
269
bdl
btl
baddil {tr. bi), inf. tabdi:l exchange, substitute (a thing for badla, ^. bidal suit ("change")
II.
.
.
I.
b-^d
.
distance
bu'^d
instead of
b q
br' innocence innocent
(/orbari:?)
brg burg,;!),
bar?
lahm
cows, oxen beef
ba'cir
bqq P
ba'a or
q p]
bq
.
remain, be
be remainder
over, become,
hghtning, gold fringe
part, bai^i, ba(:)'ijja
bkt
barak, jibrik
III. ba:rik
pi
j
bi'i, jib-'a
brk I.
']
mouth
tower r
p]
bu"
abraig
b
r
ba'ar
bars:'
ban
kneel
down
II
bakkit
rebuke, prick
{tr.\
bki
bless
{tr. fi, '^ala)
bareka
blessing I.
b
r s
baka,
jibki, inf.
m
buka
clover
b
balad, p. bilaid mhabited place (town, village, land)
s t {coll. s)
bila:d {collectively) p. ,
please part. pass, mabsuit (min) pleased VII. imbasat {for inbasat) (min) be pleased (with)
basst, jibsit
bajjdr
b n d q p]
bundu'
nuts
bnn
bring good news to
{tr.)
bijaird, p. bijaijir
.
bunn
coffee-beans
good news
bn
Gospel I.
b I.
bass, jibuss
s s {tr.)
bana, iibni
tnf. bina,
look, glance
build building a building
{tr.)
binaija, p. abniija
VII. itbana
be built
b ducks
i
buna
btt batt
buldam country
{tr.)
bfr II.
weep
bid
bdrsiim
I.
nullified
vain, false
.
of clothes
bada(:)l
be
iibtal
bitil,
part, baitil
II.
bawwiz
w
7:
pout, be sulky
EGYPTIAN COLLOQUIAL ARABIC
270
WZ
b
tli
ba:2, jibuiz be nullified, spoiled
I.
bawwaz
II.
nullify, spoil
spoil, ruin
tilif, iitlif
I.
inf. talaf
waste
talfam
wasteful, wasted
bj^ t I.
ba:";, jibi:*;
hvS
inf.
belling
tamm, jitimm
I
part.
b bajjin
n
j
II.
tibjam manifest
(ir.), inf.
ta:m(m)
complete
p.
mn
ta:g'r
deal
(fi)
t (in)
p.
turab
sometimes q
[inf.]
tdrk
ta'^ab. jit
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