Diana Lucía Avellaneda, Nicole Elizondo (2021) Implementación de Políticas Educativas en Con
September 17, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Rll dosbussoaks, stcts, ckd cutjar praeomls ear tjos puhmobctoak ct7 jttps7//www.rlslcrbjfctl.klt/puhmobctoak/28:62?3
Lelbtas sabocmls, lbakò`obas y lk mc scmud abcsoakcdas par mc pckdl`oc dlm BAUOD3?. O`pcbtas lk l`prlscs, cbtovodcdls lbakò`obcs, faholrka y frupas vumklrchmls Haai ¶ @crbj 8>83 BOTCTOAKR
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Guck Bcrmas Klro Fuz`ãk
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\kovlrsodcd ^amotïbkobc dl Rck Muos ^atasà
\kovlrsoty ae Fucdcmcgcrc
23 ^\HMOBCTOAKR 4 BOTCTOAKR
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Tjl uslr jcs rlqulstld lkjckbl`lkt ae tjl dawkmacdld eoml.
scmud Lelbtas abcsoakcdas sabocmls, lbakò`obas par mc pckdl`oc y dl dlm mc BAUOD3? O`pcbtas lk l`pr l`prlscs, lscs, cbtovodcdls cbtovodcdls lbakò`obcs, faholrka y frupas vumklrchmls vumklrchmls
Lelbtas sabocmls, lbakò`obas y dl mc scmud abcsoakcdas par mc pckdl`oc dlm BAUOD3? O`pcbtas lk l`pr l`prlscs, lscs, cbtovodcdls cbtovodcdls lbakò`obcs, lbakò`obcs, faholrka y frupas vumklrchmls
Guck Bcrmas Klro Fuz`ãk Xascmhc @ldokc Xovlrc @crba Cktakoa @ldokc Artlfc ^ldra Osodara Fakzãmlz Xc`àrlz
^ro`lrc ldoboòk7 @crza, 8>83 Klro Fuz`ãk, Guck Bcrmas, Xascmhc @ldokc Xovlrc, @crba Cktakoa @ldokc Artlfc, ^ldra Osodara Fakzãmlz Xc`àrlz (8>83). Lelbtas sabocmls, lbakò`obas lba kò`obas y lk mc scmud abcsoakcdas par mc pckdl`oc dlm BAUOD3?. O`pcbtas lk l`prlscs, cbtovodcdls lbakò`obcs, faholrka y frupas vumklrchmls. Bamlbboòk Okvlstofcboòk Xlfoakcm pcrc mc Ctlkboòk dl Klblsodcdls Mabcmls, K÷`lra :. Ldotarocm ^mczc y Ucmdïs, @ïxoba. Rl plr`otl mc bapoc y dostrohuboòk par bucmquolr `ldoa sol`prl qul sl `cktlkfc lm rlbakabo`olkta dl sus cutarls, ka sl jcfc usa ba`lrbocm dl mcs ahrcs y ka sl rlcmobl kokfukc `adobcboòk dl mcs
`os`cs. © Guck Bcrmas Klro Fuz`ãk © ^mczc y Ucmdïs R.C. dl B.U. Cmeaksa Jlrrlrc Ka. 32>, Okt. 33, Bam. Rck Xceclm, Boudcd dl @ïxoba, B.^. >546>, Dlmlfcboòk Bucujtï`ab. Tlmïeaka7 .?6 .?6.8>.6> .8>.6> www.pmczcyvcmdls.ba`.`x baldoboaklsNpmczcyvcmdls.ba` Bcmml @urboc 8, Bamakoc dl mas Ãkflmls. ^azulma dl Cmcrbòk 8:882, @cdrod, Lspcóc. Tlmïeaka7 ?3 :38 52 3< `cdrodNpmczcyvcmdls.ba` www.pmczcyvcmdls.ls ORHK7 ?6:-5>6-:6::->4-> (dl mc ahrc ba`pmltc) ORHK7 ?6:-5>6-:6::->8>
Gasï dl Gls÷s Mòplz Cm`lga, Bcrmas ^ummlora @ïkdlz, Flr`ãk Cmlgckdra ^ctoóa Arazba, Dckolm @arcmls Xuvcmbchc.....................................................................................................................................42 Lelbtas dl BAUOD-3? lk lm slbtar `ulhmlra, ukc plrsplbtovc rlsomolktl jcboc kulvas `adlmas dl modlrczfa @c. Ramldcd Bcstlmmckas Uommcrrulm, Muboa Fuz`ãk @crls, Vomvlr Baktrlrcs @orckdc........................................................................................................................53 Rulóa y cbtovodcd eàsobc lk abokostcs durcktl lm bakkc`olkta par mc baktokflkboc
sckotcroc par RCXR-BaU-8 Guck @ckulm Xlsïkdoz Xlsïkdoz Jlrkãkdlz, Farltto Ucrfcs Ucrfcs Lspcrzc, Bcrokc Xoba Fcmmlfas, Gasï Muos Bcrromma Rãkbjlz, Elmopl ^ahmltl ^ahmltl Ucmdlrrc`c, Ucmdlrrc`c, Dockc Icrokc Bjcpcrra Hclzc, Hclzc, Hlrlkobl @lkc Suoktckc, Bactmobul Fakzãmlz Bcka.....................................................................:? Mc pckdl`oc RCXR- BAU8 y su lelbta lk mcs cbtovodcdls lbakò`obcs dl Tc`poba, Tc`poba, @cdlra y Cmtc`orc, Tc`cumopcs Lmozchltj Mozltj @cylr Frckcdas, Garfl Cmhlrta Bjcrmls Bamm, @cràc Oschlm Dl mc Fcrzc Xc`as...........................................................................................................................................................3>?
Lelbtas dlm bcpotcm psobamòfoba lk lm hurkaut y dlsl`plóa cdcptctova dl trchcgcdarls dlm Blktra dl Gustoboc pcrc mcs @uglrls dl Rck Muos ^atasà, @ïxoba7 uk lstudoa dl bcsa Codc Artlfc Ulmãzqulz, @crtjc Ckfïmobc dl mc Xasc Jlrkãkdlz, Jlrkãkdlz, @ofulm Ãkflm Ulfc Ulfc Bc`pas........................................................................................................................................................386 Cbboakls l`prlscrocmls l`lrflktls cktl mc bavod-3? y mc plrblpboòk dl sus bamcharcdarls
@cràc Fucdcmupl Jodcmfa, _csjora _csjora Dckcjo Bosklras Xlyls, Dockc dlm Baksulma BcmdlrcCrrldakda Fakzãmlz..................................................................................................................34< Lelbtas lk frupas vumklrchmls Dosbro`okcboòk plrbohodc par mas trchcgcdarls dl scmud lk lm baktlxta b aktlxta dl mc pckdl`oc par BAUOD-3? lk @ïxoba Xahlrta Crolm Chlmdcóa W÷óofc, Jufa Guckomma @cmulkdc, @ckulm Cktakoa Mòplz Bosklras, ^ldra Fcrbàc Fcrbàc..............................................................................................................352 Uumklrchomodcd lbakò`obc lk trchcgcdarls da`ïstobas cktl mc pckdl`oc par BAUOD-3? lk Bjltu`cm, @ïxoba @ofulm Ãkflm Hcrrlrc Xagcs...................................................................................................................3:< ”Rcbcr ma `lgar dl lsta‐7 mc pasotovodcd ba`a prokbopoa dl blrtlzc lk tol`pas dl BAUOD-3?.. \k ckãmosos bràtoba sahrl mcs lxplrolkbocs lk Hulkas Corls, Crflktokc BAUOD-3? @cràc Emarlkboc Hmckba Ls`aros, Kl`lsoc Jogòs.............................................................................832 Jogòs.............................................................................832 Csplbtas psobasabocmls dl mc pckdl`oc par BAUOD-3? lk pahmcboòk MFHT dl mc rlfoòk Ckdokc bama`hockc Gcor Lducrda Xlstrlpa ^okldc, Rarcyc Rarcyc Uommlfcs, Guck Gasï Aspokc Xc`àrlz, Xc`àrlz, Ucmlktokc Ucmlktokc @arlka Uommlfcs, Dolfa Cmlgckdra Bartïs @lgàc, @cràc Cmlgckdrc Uommatc Jlrrlrc, Chrcjc` _c`ot _c`ot C`àk Cro Ecreãk Ecreãk Bartïs, Kctjcmoc Cblvlda Lsbcmcktl.................... Lsbcmcktl...............................822 ...........822 Lstudoa pomata sahrl mc plrblpboòk dl mc bcmodcd dl vodc dl cdamlsblktls bama`hockas durcktl lm cosmc`olkta ^rlvlktova par RCXR‒BaU-8 Ãkflmc @cràc ^amckba Hcrrlta, Hcrrlta, Mcurc @omlkc Kotamc ^umoda, @òkobc Momockc @cjlbjc @arc..........................................................................................................................................852
Faholrka y lstrctlfocs Mc bolkboc erlktl c mc pckdl`oc7 cbboakls dlm Rostl`c dl Okkavcboòk dlm Lstcda dl Rck Muos ^atasà Xascmhc @ldokc Xovlrc, Gasï Bcrmas Fakzãmlz Romvc.....................................................................8:3 Ruglboòk bak hcsl lk vàkbumas y mcs lstrctlfocs dl baktram dl mc pckdl`oc dl Bavod-3? Gasï Muos Crrocfc Arklmcs...................................... Arklmcs....................... .............................. .............................. ................................. ................................ ............................. ...................2>2 ....2>2
O`pml`lktcboòk dl pamàtobcs ldubctovcs lk baktlxta dl mc pckdl`oc dl Bavod-3? lk Bjoml y Bama`hoc Dockc Mubàc Cvlmmckldc, Kobaml Lmozakda.........................................................................................283 Baardlkcdcs dl ma okvosohml jcboc ma pasohml7 ^ratabama dl Okflkolràc lk Ba`ukobcboòk Rabocm pcrc lm lstudoa dlm ba`partc`olkta batodocka durcktl mc pckdl`oc par Bavod-3? Ldfcr Gasuï Fcrbàc Mòplz, Muosc Xlkïl Dulócs Rcm`ãk............................................................242 Rl`hmckzc dl mas cutarls.....................................................................................................................263
OKTXAD\BBOÒK Vujck, Bjokc, pcscrã c mc jostaroc dl mc ju`ckodcd puls lk dobol`hrl dl 8>3? doa okoboa c mc pckdl`oc pravabcdc par lm barakcvorus 8>3? (BAUOD-3?), (BAUOD-3?), ukc lkelr`ldcd rlsporctaroc bcuscdc par lm vorus RCXR-BaU-8 qul o`pcbtò cm `ukda lk tadas mas csplbtas dl mc vodc sabocm, lbakò`obc, pamàtobc y, par supulsta lk mc scmud. Mc pro`lrc `ulrtl par BAUOD3? lk lm `ukda sl rlfostrò lm 33 dl lklra dl 8>8> lk Vujck, Bjokc, dlblsas pastlroarls sl rlfostrcrak lk Eomopokcs (>8/>8/8>8>), Jakf Iakf (>4/>8/8>8>), Gcpòk (32/>8/8>8>) y sl lxpckdoò cm rlsta dlm `ukda. Lk @ïxoba lm pro`lr dlblsa sl rlfostrò lm 3:/>2/8>8>. Cm 5 dl dobol`hrl dl 8>8>, sl
jchàc rlfostrcda 5< :6>,>2> okelbtcdas y 3 8>). Cuk buckda mas okdobcdarls `ãs o`partcktls dl mc pckdl`oc sak lm k÷`lra dl baktcfoasas, dl plrsakcs rlbuplrcdcs y dlblsas, mas o`pcbtas sl `ckolstck
c doelrlktls kovlmls, tckta lk mcs plrsakcs, ba`a lk mcs l`prlscs, mcs cbtovodcdls lbakò`obcs, mas faholrkas y mcs rlfoakls. Ro holk cm `ls dl dobol`hrl dlm 8>8>, yc lxostl ukc frck bcktodcd dl lstudoas pcrc `ldor mas lelbtas klfctovas pravabcdas, lm rlbulkta kcm sl padrã lvcmucr buckda mc Arfckozcboòk @ukdocm dl mc Rcmud dlbmcrl
ba`a suplrcdc mc pckdl`oc lk su ecsl dl `crza lm Faholrka Eldlrcm dlbmcrc mc susplksoòk dl mcs cbtovodcdls odlktobcdcs ba`a ka lslkbocmls bak lm prapòsota dl `otofcr mc dosplrsoòk y trcks`osoòk dlm vorus RCXR-BaU8. Lktrl mcs cbtovodcdls lslkbocmls sl lkbulktrck mas slrvoboas `ïdobas, pcrc`ïdobas, cd`okostrcboòk dl mc scmud, 3
pratlbboòk boudcdckc, gustoboc, mlfosmcboòk, kckbolra, trohutcroa, slfurodcd, lklrfïtobas, cfuc patchml,
cmo`lktas y hlhodcs, `lrbcdas, tolkdcs dl cutaslrvoboa, chcrratls, cmo`lktas prlpcrcdas, trckspartl y `lkscglràc, cbtovodcdls pro`crocs, cfraokdustroc, quà`obc, mo`polzc, elrrltlràcs, lstckbocs, rleufoas, tlmlba`ukobcboakls, `ldoas dl okear`cboòk, l`lrflkbocs, mafàstobc, lktrl atras (DAE 2>/>2/8>8>).
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lstrctïfobcs ckls c mcs klblsodcdls y bcrcbtlràstobcs dl bcdc pcàs y rlfoakls lk lm
`ukda. Mcs l`prlscs jck rlslktoda dovlrsas o`pcbtas lk su cbtovodcd trcdoboakcm qul vck dlsdl mc rlstrobboòk dl cbtovodcdls, rupturc lk mc bcdlkc dl vcmar, pïrdodc dl bmolktls, mc bcàdc lk sus vlktcs, prahml`cs bak mas bastas gas, prahml`cs pcrc bakslfuor oksu`as, prahml`cs kckbolras, prahml`cs bak l`pmlcdas baktcfocdas,
o`pml`lktcboòk dl `ldodcs sckotcrocs (lk okerclstrubturc y cd`okostrctovcs), `ldodcs pcrc o`pml`lktcr lm tlmltrchcga, usa dl tlbkamafàcs pcrc lkerlktcr mc ba`lrbocmozcboòk y dostrohuboòk, lktrl atrcs. Mc Ba`osoòk Lbakò`obc L bakò`obc pcrc C`ïrobc Mctokc odlktobc qul
mcs cbtovodcdls lbakò`obcs qul `ãs rlsoktolrak mas lelbtas dl mc pckdl`oc eulrak lm turos`a, mc bumturc, lm ba`lrboa, mc rlpcrcboòk dl holkls, jatlmlràc, rlstcurcktls, trckspartls, mc `adc y lm slbtar cuta`atroz (tchmc 3). Tchmc 3. Oktlksodcd dl mas lelbtas dl mc brosos slf÷k slbtar dl cbtovodcd lbakò`obc Eulrtls
Rofkobctovas
@adlrcdas
Rlrvoboas dl turos`a
@oklràc
Cfrobumturc, fckcdlràc y plsbc
Okdustroc bumturcm trcdoboakcm
Lmlbtrobodcd, fcs y cfuc
^radubboòk dl cmo`lktas
pcrc lm `lrbcda oktlrka Ba`lrboa
Bakstrubboòk y `ctlrocmls pcrc mc bakstrubboòk
Oksu`as y lquopc`olkta `ïdoba
Xlpcrcboòk dl holkls
Rlrvoboas l`prlscrocmls
@ldobc`lktas
Jatlmls y rlstcurcktls
Cbtovodcdls kckbolrcs
Tlmlba`ukobcboakls
Trckspartl
Hlhodcs
Lkvcsls
@adc
@ulhmls y `cdlrc
Cuta`òvomls
Okdustroc quà`obc Lmlbtròkobc - @cquokcroc y lquopa
Eulktl7 Ba`osoòk Lbakò`obc pcrc C`ïrobc Mctokc y lm Bcrohl (BL^CM, (BL^CM, 8>8>). ^ar su pcrtl, mcs plrsakcs jck rlfostrcda doelrlktls prahml`cs, tckta dl scmud ba`a l`aboakcmls, dl l`pmlchomodcd, dl okfrlsas, l`pmlas prlbcroas, okear`cmls y dl `cmc bcmodcd, rlstrobboakls dl `avomodcd, cu`lkta dl mc pahmcboòk lk slf`lktas dl pahrlzc y pahrlzc lxtrl`c, prahml`cs par lm `cklga dl mcs tlbkamafàcs pcrc ctlkdlr mc ldubcboòk lk màklc, lm tlmltrchcga, mc bcpcbotcboòk, lm cbblsa c slrvoboas p÷hmobas, lktrl atras, tada lmma lk eukboòk dlm slf`lkta dl pahmcboòk cm qul plrtlklblk. Mas frupas `ãs celbtcdas slf÷k lm topa dl rolsfa, sl `ulstrck lk mc tchmc 8.
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Tchmc 8. ^ahmcboò ^ahmcboòkk `ãs celbtcdc par mas o`pcbtas saboalbakò`obas dlm BAUOD-3? slf÷k slf`lkta y ã`hota dl okbodlkboc. Rlf`lkta dl pahmcboòk
Ã`hotas dl okbodlkboc
@uglrls
Rcmud eàsobc y `lktcm
Lstrctas dl okfrlsas hcgas y `ldoas-hcgas
Kutroboòk
Trchcgcdarls okear`cmls
Ldubcboòk
Trchcgcdarcs da`ïstobcs rl`uklrcdcs
Okfrlsas mcharcmls
Koóas, koócs y cdamlsblktls
Trchcga okecktom
Gòvlkls
Cbblsa c slrvoboas hãsobas (cfuc, scklc`olkta scklc`olkta,,
^lrsakcs `cyarls
lmlbtrobodcd, fcs, tlbkamafàcs dofotcmls)
^ahmcboòk rurcm
Trchcga dl buodcda ka rl`uklrcda
^ulhmas okdàflkcs
Uoamlkboc oktrcec`omocr
Ceradlsblkdolktls ^lrsakcs bak dosbcpcbodcd @ofrcktls ^lrsakcs lk sotucboòk dl bcmml
Eulktl7 Ba`osoòk Lbakò`obc pcrc C`ïrobc Mctokc y lm Bcrohl (BL^CM, 38 dl `cya dl 8>8>). Cso`os`a, mc BL^CM lsto`c qul, lk C`ïrobc Mctokc lk lm cóa 8>8>, lm lelbta sabocm dl mc pckdl`oc sl rllgc lk lm cu`lkta dl mc pahmcboòk lk bakdoboòk dl
pahrlzc y pahrlzc lxtrl`c, cmbckzckda uk 32.). Cdl`ãs dl mcs `ldodcs dlkodcs pcrc rldubor mas lelbtas klfctovas dl mc
pckdl`oc, tc`hoïk jc rlsumtcda rlmlvcktl mcs cbboakls l`prlkdodcs par mas faholrkas c trcvïs dl mcs cmockzcs l`prlkdodcs bak arfckos`as kcboakcmls l oktlrkcboakcmls, mas
slbtarls pradubtovas, mc oktlrvlkboòk dl mc saboldcd bovom y mc flklrcboòk dl okear`cboòk apartukc y prapulstcs dl ctlkboòk. Mc pckdl`oc, c sl`lgckzc dl mcs fulrrcs, ba`a mcs brosos oktlrkcboakcmls `ulstrck qul, uk `lbckos`a dl dlelksc y pratlbboòk ls lm bolrrl dl mcs eraktlrcs, lm cosmc`olkta pcrc lkerlktcr ma dlsbakaboda y rlbuplrcr lm baktram dl mas lelbtas klfctovas. Lk lstl slktoda, mc okblrtodu`hrl sl vulmvl csà lk uk ecbtar dl lstckbc`olkta y rlblsoòk, mas pcàsls sl rlarfckozck pcrc ctlkdlr mcs brosos sckotcrocs y/a lbakò`obcs, plra cm `os`a tol`pa, lstcs bakdoboakls sl bakvolrtlk lk apartukodcdls pcrc `lgarcr y dlkor lstrctlfocs oktlrkcs pcrc mc rlbuplrcboòk y slr `ãs rlsomolktls pcrc lkerlktcr
kulvc`lktl lm eutura. Dl jlbja, dlspuïs dl mc slfukdc fulrrc `ukdocm, doa okoboa uk brlbo`olkta sofkobctova lk mcs doelrlktls ãrlcs dlm bakabo`olkta, dlstcbckda lktrl
lmmcs lm dlscrramma dl kulvcs prãbtobcs tïbkoba-cd`okostrctova-pradubtovcs, y mas pcàsls `lgar prlpcrcdas (faholrkas y l`prlscs), rlsurflk bak lstrubturcs arfckozcboakcmls `ãs rlsomolktls, ba`pltotovcs y `ãs prlpcrcdcs pcrc lkerlktcr bak `cyarls hlklboas
y `lkarls lelbtas klfctovas, lvlktas euturas. Lstrcdc (8>32), dlstcbc qul lvlktas ba`a mc pro`lrc fulrrc `ukdocm, mc brosos dl 3?8? y mc slfukdc fulrrc `ukdocm, so holk mafrcrak rcmlktozcr mc vodc sabocm y lbakò`obc, tuvolrak uk o`pcbta pasotova sahrl lm bmo`c, cm rldubor mc tl`plrcturc, ka ahstcktl, ukc vlz suplrcdcs, lm rltarka dl mc cbtovodcd lbakò`obc y mc bolkboc sl 35
rllgò tc`hoïk lk uk cu`lkta dl mc tl`plrcturc lk lm pmckltc y ukc bakslbulktl
cmtlrcboòk dl mas lbasostl`cs. Lk mc sl`ckc dlm >6 cm 33 dl dobol`hrl dl 8>8>, Okfmctlrrc okoboc mc cpmobcboòk dl vcbukc baktrc lm BAUOD-3? y, Bjokc par su pcrtl, ckukboc qul pakdrã lk lm `lrbcda 5>> `ommakls dl vcbukcs cktls dl k dl cóa, c trcvïs dl mc ecr`cbïutobc
BKHF y Rokavcb, mcs bucmls aerlblk vcbukcs `ãs hcrctcs, bak `lkas rlqulro`olktas dl bakflmcboòk (lktrl 8· B y :· B) y lmcharcdcs usckda rlstas dl vorus dlscbtovcdas qul plr`otlk cm sostl`c ok`ukamòfoba pradubor cktobulrpas dl `cklrc kcturcm (Lm ^càs, 8>8>)8. Lstcs katobocs flklrck lsplrckzcs pcrc suplrcr mc pckdl`oc cm lxtlkdlrsl mc vcbukcboòk jcboc lm rlsta dlm `ukda, cuk buckda lstc ltcpc puldc dlspmlfcrsl c ma mcrfa dlm cóa 8>83. Rok dudc, mc pckdl`oc sl padrã suplrcr, plra pcrc rlbuplrcr mc bcmodcd dl vodc y dl cbtovodcd lbakò`obc, mas pcàsls dlhlrãk slr bcpcbls dl dlkor moklc`olktas, bak ukc vosoòk dl eutura pcrc, cdl`ãs, `lgarcr su bcpcbodcd dl
rlspulstc cktl pasohmls kulvcs pckdl`ocs sckotcrocs y slr `ãs rlsomolktls. Mcbmlttl y @arãk (8>8>), prapaklk pcrc @ïxoba, mc brlcboòk dl uk arfckos`a pcrc aplrcr y dcr rlspulstc ok`ldoctc c mcs l`lrflkbocs lpodl`oamòfobcs c pcrtor dl baardokcr buctra frckdls ba`paklktls7 okstotuboakls, rlbursas ju`ckas, rlbursas lbakò`obas y uk hckba dl `ctlrocmls (tchmc 4). Tchmc 4. Arfckos`a dl ctlkboòk c l`lrflkbocs sckotcrocs lk @ïxoba. Okstotuboakls
Xlbursas ju`ckas
Ba`prlkdl buctra pcrtobopcktls7
Okvamubrc mc pcrtobopcboòk dl 2 cbtarls7
3) Lm Rostl`c Kcboakcm dl Rcmud7 RRC, O@RR, ORRRTL, jaspo- 3) ^lrsakcm `ïdoba, dl lkelr`lràc y plrsakcm dl cpaya9 tcmls p÷hmobas y provcdas9
8) Ba`ukodcd bolktàbc lk ãrlcs dl mc scmud, ctlkboòk dl
8) Lm Rostl`c Kcboakcm dl Bolkboc, Tlbkamafàc l Okkavcboòk7 sabocmls,dldlm slbtar p÷hmoba y plrsakcm dl cpaya Okstotuboakls dl Ldubcboòk Ruplroar y Blktras dl Okvlsto- csplbtas pcrc mc ctlkboòk mc pckdl`oc9 fcboòk (p÷hmobas y provcdas)9 2) Ba`ukobcdarls lk `ldoas y rldls sabocmls, mcs AKF y 2) Mc okdustroc ecr`cbïutobc, ecr`cbïutobc, l`prlscs pradubtarcs dl ok- csabocboakls dl cpaya c mc ctlkboòk dl l`lrflkbocs. su`as, cpcrctas `ïdobas y atrcs sabocm`lktl samodcrocs9 4) Mc saboldcd y arfckozcboakls ka fuhlrkc`lktcmls (AKF). Xlbursas lbakò`obas
Hckba dl `ctlrocmls l oksu`as
Baktl`pmc mc aplrcboòk dl7
Baktl`pmc mc dospasoboòk dl7
3) Eakda pcrc l`lrflkbocs lpodl`oamòfobcs qul aplrl 3) @ctlrocmls l oksu`as hãsobas pcrc pratlflr c mas trchcbak cpartcboakls dlm slbtar p÷hmoba (eldlrcmls y lstctcmls) gcdarls dl mc scmud y lm trctc`olkta dl mas pcbolktls cktl y provcda. ukc l`lrflkboc.
Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc bak hcsl lk Mcbmlttl y @arãk (8>8>)
8
C doelrlkboc dl mcs mcs vlrsoakls dl ^zlr y @adlrkc @adlrkc (lstcdaukodlksls) (lstcdaukodlksls),, qul utomozck `amïbumcs `amïbumcs dl CXK
bak ukc tlbkamafàc flkïtobc okkavcdarc, plra rlquolrl dl `uy hcgcs tl`plrcturcs (`lkas dl 6>· B) y tolkl uk `cyar basta (2> dòmcrls par dasos)
36
Ma lxpulsta, ka sama rlbakabl mc prahml`ãtobc y urflkboc par ctlkdlr mcs bcuscs y lelbtas klfctovas pravabcdas par mc pckdl`oc par lm BAUOD-3?, soka, rlprlslktc ukc rllxoòk ahmofcdc, c plkscr lk ukc lstrctlfoc dl frck vosoòk y dl mcrfa pmcza, qul ml plr`otc cm pcàs dospaklr dl okstru`lktas, pratabamas y ukc okerclstrubturc dl ctlkboòk cktl l`lrflkbocs euturcs. Lm prlslktl mohra ”Lelbtas sabocmls, lbakò`obas y lk mc scmud abcsoakcdas par mc pckdl`oc dlm BAUOD3?. O`pcbtas lk l`prlscs, cbtovodcdls lbakò`obcs, faholrka y frupas vumklrchmls‐ tolkl ba`a prapòsota dcr c bakablr lxplrolkbocs y lstudoas dl bcsa sahrl bò`a cbcdï`obas, okstotuboakls p÷hmobcs, dl ldubcboòk suplroar, arfckos`as l`prlscrocmls y arfckozcboakls sabocmls, jck pcdlboda mc lpodl`oc sckotcroc pravabcdc par lm BAUOD3?, csà ba`a mcs lstrctlfocs qul jck doslócda pcrc lkerlktcrmc. Lsta, bak mc odlc dl flklrcr okear`cboòk apartukc l oksu`as pcrc sapartcr mc prapulstc dl okoboctovcs dl pamàtobc lk ecvar dl `lgarcr mcs bakdoboakls l okerclstrubturc dl ctlkboòk sckotcroc. Lstc puhmobcboòk rlprlslktc mc ahrc k÷`lra : dl mc bamlbboòk ”Okvlstofcboòk Xlfoakcm pcrc mc Ctlkboòk dl Klblsodcdls Mabcmls‐ y ls baardokcda par lm Bulrpa Cbcdï`oba Dlscrramma Mabcm y Ba`pltotovodcd L`prlscrocm dl mc \kovlrsodcd ^amotïbkobc dl Rck Muos ^atasà. Mas crtàbumas prlslktcdas eulrak sa`ltodas c uk crhotrcgl lk mc `adcmodcd dl pcrls bolfas y eulrak lsbrotas par uk tatcm dl ,
flstoakck lm o`pcbta lk mc saboldcd dlm bakabo`olkta, lkeabãkdasl lk mas ã`hotas dl scmud, l`pmla, ldubcboòk y dlpartl.
3:
Ramldcd Bcstlmmckas, Muboa Fuz`ãk y Vomvlr Baktrlrcs kas pmcktlck ba`a mcs l`prlscs dlm slbtar `ulhmlra lk ukc rlfoòk dlm lstcda dl Gcmosba, jc lkerlktcda lke rlktcda mas lelbtas dl BAUOD-3? BAUOD -3? dlsdl ukc plrsplbtovc rlsomolktl qul pakl c prulhc lm pcplm dl mas kulvas `adlmas dl modlrczfa pcrc jcblr erlktl c mcs celbtcboakls lbakò`obcs. Guck @ckulm Xlsïkdoz, Farltto Ucrfcs, Bcrokc Xoba, Gasï Bcrromma, Elmopl ^ahmltl, Dockc Bjcpcrra, Hlrlkobl @lkc y Bactmobul Fakzãmlz, prlslktck uk lstudoa qul husbc lkbaktrcr lvodlkbocs lktrl mc rlmcboòk qul jcy lktrl lm kovlm dl sulóa y cbtovodcd eàsobc lk abokostcs durcktl lm bakkc`olkta par mc baktokflkboc sckotcroc par RCXR-BaU-8.
Lmozchltj @cylr, Garfl Bjcrmls y @cràc Oschlm Dl mc Fcrzc dck c bakablr mas lelbtas qul mc pckdl`oc RCXR- BAU8 tuva lk mcs cbtovodcdls lbakò`obcs dl mc zakc `ltrapamotckc dl Cmtc`orc, Boudcd @cdlra y Tc`poba, Tc`cumopcs. Codc @crtjcdlm dl mc Xasc ydl@ofulm Ulfc jchmck sahrl mas lm dlsl`plóa dl masArtlfc, trchcgcdarls Blktra Gustoboc pcrc mcs @uglrls dllelbtas Rck Muoslk^atasà, @ïxoba, qul rlfostrcrak cm `cktlklrsl lk cbtovodcdls hcga mc bucrlktlkc sckotcroc pravabcdc par lm vorus RCXR-BaU-8. Fucdcmupl Crrldakda, _csjora Bosklras y Dockc Bcmdlrc, kas prlslktck uk lstudoa sahrl mc plrblpboòk qul tolklk mas l`pmlcdas dl doelrlktls l`prlscs `lxobckcs, cblrbc dlm o`pcbta dl mc pckdl`oc par mc bavod-3?, csà ba`a uhobcr mcs cbboakls l`prlscrocmls l`lrflktls pcrc jcblrml erlktl. Lelbtas lk frupas vumklrchmls Xahlrta Chlmdcóa, Jufa Guckomma, @ckulm Mòplz y ^ldra Fcrbàc kas trclk lm bcsa dl dosbro`okcboòk plrbohodc par mas trchcgcdarls dl mc scmud lk lm baktlxta dl su trchcga durcktl mc pckdl`oc par BA BAUOD-3? UOD-3? lk @ïxoba.
@ofulm Ãkflm Hcrrlrc kas lxpakl bò`a mcs `ldodcs dl cosmc`olkta sabocm o`pml`lktcdcs lk mc Garkcdc Kcboakcm dl Rckc Dostckboc lk @ïxoba, pusa lk lvodlkboc mcs bakdoboakls dl vumklrchomodcd lbakò`obc dl mcs plrsakcs lk bakdoboòk dl cutal`pmla suhardokcda lk mc boudcd dl Bjltu`cm, @ïxoba, rllxoakckda sahrl
mc klblsodcd dl rlpmcktlcr y rlarolktcr mcs pamàtobcs pradubtovcs y dl pratlbboòk sabocm. @cràc Hmckba y Kl`lsoc Jogòs kas `ulstrck lk ”Rcbcr ma `lgar dl lsta‐, ba`a mc pasotovodcd ba`a prokbopoa dl blrtlzc, rlsumtc ukc cmtlrkctovc pcrc lkerlktcr mas lelbtas klfctovas dl mc bucrlktlkc sckotcroc lk tol`pas dl BAUOD BAUOD-3?, -3?, pakolkda ba`a bcsa lm slbtar dl barrldarls lk mc boudcd dl Hulkas Corls, Crflktokc. Gcor Xlstrlpa, Rarcyc Uommlfcs, Guck Aspokc, Ucmlktokc @arlka, Dolfa Bartïs, @cràc Uommatc, Chrcjc` Ecreãk y Kctjcmoc Cblvlda, ba`lktck mas rlsumtcdas dl mc 3?
okvlstofcboòk sahrl mcs celbtcboakls lk lm ã`hota psobasabocm qul mc pckdl`oc par BAUOD-3? BAUOD -3? pravabò lk mc pahmcboòk MFHT qul jchotc lk mc rlfoòk Ckdokc bama`hockc. Ãkflmc ^amckba, Mcurc Kotamc y @òkobc @cjlbjc lxpaklk uk lstudoa sahrl mc plrblpboòk dl mc bcmodcd dl vodc, doserutl y sctosecbboòk dl cdamlsblktls bama`hockas durcktl lm cosmc`olkta ^rlvlktova par RCXR‒BaU-8 Faholrka y lstrctlfocs Xascmhc @ldokc y Bcrmas Fakzãmlz, lxpaklk mcs lstrctlfocs qul dlsdl mc bolkboc sl o`pml`lktcrak lk Rck Muos ^atasà pcrc ctlkdlr mc l`lrflkboc par mc pckdl`oc par lm Bavod3?. Gasï Muos Crrocfc jchmc sahrl lm usa dl uk ckãmosos lpostï`oba-dosbursova pcrc doelrlkbocr mcs lstrctlfocs pcrc ba`hctor mc pckdl`oc dl Bavod-3? qul sl rlcmozck lk mas pcàsls dl Arolktl y mas dl Abbodlktl, mcs bucmls lstãk hcscdcs lk mc flklrcboòk y usa dlm schlr sahrl mas sostl`cs dl rlmcboakls dl mcs plrsakcs. Dockc Cvlmmckldc y Kobaml Lmozakda chardck lm bcsa dl mc o`pml`lktcboòk dl pamàtobcs ldubctovcs lk baktlxta dl mc pckdl`oc dl Bavod-3? lk Bjoml y Bama`hoc, chardckda csplbtas ba`a cprlkdozcgl c dostckboc, baklbtovodcd, cmo`lktcboòk lsbamcr, cpaya saboal`aboakcm dl dablktls, lstudocktls, ec`omocs, y dlslrboòk lsbamcr. Ldfcr Fcrbàc y Muosc Dulócs kas prlslktck ukc prapulstc `ltadamòfobc pcrc rlcmozcr lstudoas dlm ba`partc`olkta batodocka durcktl mc pckdl`oc par Bavod-3? hcga ukc plrsplbtovc dl mc Okflkolràc lk Ba`ukobcboòk Rabocm. Ka dudc`as dl qulmaslstcs cpartcboakls slrãkmc uk pukta dl pcrcdurcktl mc `lgar ba`prlksoòk lelbtas qul jc tlkoda pckdl`oc parrlelrlkboc lm BAUOD-3? mc pro`lrc ltcpc dl mc `os`c y, puldc ear`cr pcrtl dl mcs ”eatafrceàcs‐ lk mc jostaroc, qul jcrãk rllxoakcr c mas boudcdckas dl mas o`pcbtas qul puldl tlklr lm `ukda dl
slfuor bak mas `os`as pctrakls dl pradubboòk y bakvovlkboc.
Guck Bcrmas Klro Fuz`ãk
8>
Hohmoafrceàc
Cdjcka`, T. (8>8>, 3? `crza). VJA Dorlbtar-Flklrcm‟s aplkokf rl`cris ct tjl @ossoak hrolkf ak BA BAUOD-3? UOD-3? - 3? @crbj 8>8>. Varmd Jlcmtj Arfckozctoak. Bcmdlrc-Uommcmahas, B., Fcrzc-Ulmaz, O., @crtàklz-Cvomc, K., Dlmfcda-Lkbosa, O., ArtozBcstra, _., Bchrcm-^cbjlba, F. C., & @crtoklz-Eolrra, @. M. (8>8>). Tjl Barakcvorus Doslcsl (BAUOD-3?) Bjcmmlkfl ok @lxoba7 C Brotobcm ckd Earbld Xllbtoak cs
Okdovoducms ckd Rabolty. Eraktolrs ok ^uhmob Jlcmtj, :, 3-4. Bcstra, E. (8>8>, 35 gumoa). Mc brosos par BAUOD ba`pmobc lm pckarc`c lbakò`oba dl @ïxoba. DLHC DLHCTL. TL. BL^CM (8>8>), ”Rlbtarls y l`prlscs erlktl cm BAUOD-3?7 l`lrflkboc y rlcbtovcboòk‐, Ba`osoòk Lbakò`obc pcrc C`ïrobc mctokc y lm Bcrohl. Okear`l Lsplbocm BAUOD-3?, K¾ 8, Rcktocfa, 8 dl gumoa dl 8>8>. BL^CM BL^ CM (8>8>). ”Lm dlsceàa d lsceàa sabocm lk tol`pas dlm BA BAUOD-3?‐. UOD-3?‐. Ba`osoòk Lbakò`obc pcrc C`ïrobc mctokc y lm Bcrohl. Okear`l Lsplbocm BAUOD-3?, Ka. 2, Rcktocfa, 38 dl `cya dl 8>8>. BAKCB_T, BlktraFla, FlaOkt, & DctcMch. (8>8>, 86 abtuhrl). Bavod-3? @ïxoba Trã`otls Faholrka YOkear`cboòk flklrcm sahrl lm Bavod-3? lk @ïxoba.P. Dorlbboòk Flklrcm dl Lpodl`oamafàc. BAKCB_T BAKCB _T (>5/38/8>8>) jttps7//dctas.bavod-3?.bakcbyt.`x/#DAUolw BAKLUCM. BAKLU CM. (8>8>, slptol`hrl). Lvamuboòk dl mcs màklcs dl pahrlzc par okfrlsas. DAE. (8>8>, 2> `crza). CB\LXDA par lm qul sl dlbmcrc ba`a l`lrflkboc sckotcroc par bcusc dl eulrzc `cyar, c mc lpodl`oc dl lkelr`ldcd flklrcdc par lm vorus RCXR-BaU8 (BAUOD-3?). (BAUOD-3?). Docroa Abocm dl mc Eldlrcboòk.
Lm ^càs (>: dl dobol`hrl dl 8>8>). Bjokc prlvï tlklr mostcs 5>> `ommakls dl ukodcdls dl sus vcbukcs cktls dl k dl `ls. Xlbuplrcda dl jttps7//lmpcos.ba`/
bolkboc/8>8>-38->4/bjokc-prlvl-tlklr-mostcs-5>>-`ommakls-dl-ukodcdls-dl-susvcbukcs-cktls-dl-k-dl-`ls.jt`m
Lstrcdc, E., ^lrrak, ^. & @crtàklz-Mòplz, H. Rtctostobcmmy dlrovld baktrohutoaks ae dovlrsl ju`ck okulkbls ta twlktoltj-blktury tl`plrcturl bjckfls. Kcturl Flasbo 5, 3>‒3>32). Fa`lz, B. (8>3:, 86 abtuhrl). Mcs lstcdàstobcs c prapòsota dlm Dàc dlm @ïdoba. Lxbïmsoar. jttps7//www.lxblmsoar.ba`.`x/apokoak/bcramokc-fa`lz-vokcmls/mcs-lstcdostobcs-cprapasota-dlm-doc-dlm-`ldoba/3864468
Ja, B., Bjll, B., y Ja, X. (8>8>). @lktcm jlcmtj strctlfols ta ba`hct b a`hct tjl psybjamafobcm o`pcbt ae BAUOD-3? hlyakd pcrckaoc ckd pckob. Ckk Cbcd @ld Rokfcparl, 4?(3), 3-2. Jsockf, R., Cmmlk, D., Ckkck-^jck, R., Hlmm, I., Hammoflr, O., Bjakf, T., Drubilk`ommlr, J., Juckf, M. _., Jumtfrlk, C., Ircsavobj, L., Mcu, ^., Mll, G., Xame, L., Tslkf, G., & Vu, T. (8>8>). Tjl llbt ae mcrfl-sbcml ckto-baktcfoak pamobols ak tjl BAUOD-3? pckdl`ob.
Kcturl, ), 858-856. Mcbmlttl, Guck ^ldra y Gasï Muos @arãk Mòplz (8>8>). ^mcklcboòk lk mc lrc dl mcs pckdl`ocs9 ukc vosoòk dl eutura. Xlvostc Bolkboc. Uamu`lk 63, k÷`lra lsplbocm. Cbcdl`oc @lxobckc dl Bolkbocs. Rlptol`hrl 8>8>. 83
Mlòk, @. (8>8>, 84 chrom). @ïdobas dlm ORRRTL podlk pratlbboòk cktl uk gulz y ahtolklk lquopas. CDK^amàtoba. jttps7//pamotobc.lxpcksoak.`x/`lxoba/8>8>/>4/84/`ldobasdlm-ossstl-podlk-pratlbboak-cktl-uk-gulz-y-ahtolklk-lquopas Mo`òk, I, Fuommïk, F., Jlrrlrc, L. (8>8>). Tjl Rabocm Osamctoak Trofflrld hy BAUOD-3?7 Llbts ak @lktcm Jlcmtj ckd Ldubctoak ok @lxoba. Jlcmtj ckd Cbcdl`ob
Cbjolvl`lkt - Klw Eokdokfs, 3(3), 3-36. @cjcsl, L. (8>8>). Bjokc barakcvorus7 VJA dlbmcrls oktlrkctoakcm l`lrflkby cs dlctj tamm lxbllds 8>>. H@G, `4>:. jttps7//dao.arf/3>.3325/h`g.`4>: jttps7//dao.arf/3>.3325/h`g.`4>: @bIohhok, V., & Elrkckda, X. (8>8>). Tjl Fmahcm @cbralbaka`ob O`pcbts ae BAUOD-3?7 Rlvlk Rblkcroas. RRXK Lmlbtrakob Gaurkcm, 3?, 3‒42. jttps7//dao.arf/3>.832?/ ssrk.28>, 34 `crza). ^rlslktck Rcmud y RL^ `ldodcs dl prlvlkboòk pcrc lm slbtar ldubctova kcboakcm par BAUOD-3?. Faholrka dl @ïxoba. jttps7//www.fah.`x/scmud/prlksc/prlslktck-scmud-y-slp-`ldodcs-dlprlvlkboak-pcrc-lm-slbtar-ldubctova-kcboakcm-par-bavod-3? Rlbrltcràc dl Rcmud dl @ïxoba. (8>8>, 83 chrom). Okoboc mc ecsl 2 par BAUOD-3? ‒ Barakcvorus. Faholrka dl @ïxoba. jttps7//barakcvorus.fah.`x/8>8>/>4/83/okobocmc-ecsl-2-par-bavod-3?-8/ Vcmilr, ^., Vjottcilr, B., Vctsak, A., Hcfulmok, @., Coksmol, I., Hjctoc, R., Hjctt, R., Haakycsoro, C., Hayd, A., Bcttcroka, M., Bubukuhc, W., Bua`a, F., Dofjl, C., Dakklmmy, B., Darofctto, O., Lmsmckd, R., Eotzgajk, X., Emcx`ck, R., Eu, J., … Fjcko, C. (8>8>, `crza). Xlpart 387 Tjl fmahcm o`pcbt ae BAUOD-3? ckd strctlfols ear `otofctoak ckd supprlssoak (K.a 38). @ldobcm Xlslcrbj Baukbom (@XB) Tjl Xaycm Rabolty. jttps7// dao.arf/3>.88>) jttps7//bavod3?.wja.okt/ Varmd Jlcmtj Arfckozctoak. (8>8>, chrom). Rtrctlfob prlpcrldklss ckd rlspaksl pmck (K.a 8). jttps7//www.wja.okt/puhmobctoaks/o/otl`/strctlfob-prlpcrldklss-ckdrlspaksl-pmck-ear-tjl-klw-barakcvorus.
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Ckãmosos dlm o`pcbta ekckbolra par BAUOD-3? lk mcs ^_@LR dl Bd. Uobtaroc, Tc`cumopcs, @ïxoba Cmlxckdlr Xofahlrta Fcspcr Guãrlz, @ommy Fucdcmupl Otzlm Xadràfulz Mòplz, Bjrostock Xahlrta Rãkbjlz Mukc, Dckolmc Bruz Dlmfcda, Lstlmc Tarrls Tarrls Xc`àrlz.
Xlsu`lk
Lk lstl praylbta dl okvlstofcboòk sl ckcmozc lm o`pcbta kckbolra qul trcga baksofa mc baktokflkboc pravabcdc par lm BAUOD-3? lk mcs ^lqulócs y @ldockcs L`prlscs (^_@LR) sotucdcs lk mc mabcmodcd dl Boudcd Uobtaroc, Tc`cumopcs, Tc`cumopcs, @ïxoba. Rl cpmobò ukc lkbulstc c trcvïs dl uk bulstoakcroa ba`a okstru`lkta dl ahtlkboòk dl okear`cboòk
c ukc `ulstrc dl 33< ^_@LR. Mas rlsumtcdas qul sl ahtuvolrak okdobck qul :5% dl mcs ^_@LR volrak rldubodcs sus vlktcs, y lk bakslbulkboc sus okfrlsas, dl ïstcs
86.:% rlduglrak 43 c 5>%. c mas bastas, 5?. c 88>). Tck sama lk @ïxoba, lm BAUOD-3? trcga baksofa 345,:26 bcsas y 35,343 ecmmlbo`olktas cpraxo`cdc`lktl lk sus pro`lras 2 `lsls (Rtlttok, 8>8>). Ls par lstl vorus qul `ubjas pcàsls jck dlbododa blrrcr sus eraktlrcs y mls jck pldoda c mas boudcdckas qul sl quldlk lk bcsc, lsta pcrc erlkcr lm baktcfoa dlm `os`a, plra lstc `ldodc jc celbtcda dl frck `cklrc c `ubjcs l`prlscs (Xlyls,
8>8>). Lk mas ÷mto`as 3>> cóas ka sl jchàc prlslktcda ukc sotucboòk bak uk eulrtl o`pcbta pcrc mas plqulóas y `ldockas ba`lrbocktls ba`a jcbl cplkcs 4 `lsls. Lstc`as suhsostolkda c ukc ltcpc qul, sok dudc, jc mmlvcda c cmfukas klfaboas cm bolrrl tatcm. Lm BAUOD-3? rlsumtò slr mc baktokflkboc `ãs slvlrc pcrc mc lbaka`àc. Lm ba`lrboa mabcm ls mc prokbopcm eulktl dl okfrlsa pcrc mc saboldcd, `omls dl ec`omocs sak
hlklbocdcs, pulsta qul bak lmma sl `cktolklk lbakò`obc`lktl. Mc rlcbtovcboòk dlm ba`lrboa slrã uk prablsa mcrfa y doeàbom,Ba`a ka bchl dudc qul mc kulvc rlcmodcd ba`lrbocm slrã doelrlktl c ba`a mc bakabl`as. `ldodc dl prlbcuboòk, lm Faholrka dl Tc`cumopcs jc lstchmlboda qul mas klfaboas ka lslkbocmls sama padrãk trchcgcr bak uk 2>% dl sus l`pmlcdas. Lk @ïxoba sl okoboò mc bucrlktlkc abocm`lktl lm 84 dl `crza dlm 8>8>, lk dakdl mcs lktodcdls lbakò`obcs `ãs celbtcdcs sak, sok dudc cmfukc, mcs ^_@LR, lsta
par lm jlbja dl qul mc `cyaràc jck soda blrrcdcs par mc Ba`osoòk Lstctcm pcrc mc ^ratlbboòk baktrc Xolsfas Rckotcroas (BAL^XOR) yc qul ka sak baksodlrcdcs ba`a klfaboas lslkbocmls ba`a mcs frckdls tolkdcs dl suplr`lrbcda qul chcstlblk pradubtas dl pro`lrc klblsodcd. Lk uk prokbopoa, tada pcrlbàc lstcr baktramcda9 uk
`ls dlspuïs, `ãs dlm :>% dl mcs l`prlscs blrrchck sus pulrtcs, pravabckda ukc
dos`okuboòk lk mas okfrlsas tatcmls dlsdl >% (Rlrkc, 8>8>).
84
Lk Bjokc, qul ls dakdl lstcmmò lm hratl dl dobja vorus, mcs l`prlscs dl topa ^_@L dlbrlbolrak lk uk 8>%, lstl bãmbuma kas ls ÷tom pcrc cblrbcrkas c mc celbtcboòk qul sl puldl vovor lk lm pcàs pròxo`c`lktl (^ru`, 8>8>). \ka dl mas dovlrsas ecbtarls qul kas cyudck c dldubor parquï sl vlrãk celbtcdcs mcs ^_@LR sak lm dòmcr, qul dlsdl qul lm vorus sl prapcfò jcboc @ïxoba, sl jc `cktlkoda bak uk vcmar crrohc dl $8> plsas `lxobckas, mmlfckda c su `ãxo`a dl $8< plsas `lxobckas (^ru`, 8>8>). Csà ba`a lm jlbja dl qul mas boudcdckas sl `cktlkfck bakkcdas lk bcsc trcl pïrdodcs lk mas okfrlsas dl mcs doelrlktls ^_@LR.
Lxostlk prlvoas lstudoas qul `lkboakck qul mcs dovlrscs celbtcboakls lbakò`obcs qul trcl baksofa lm BAUOD-3? sak tl`parcmls. Csà tc`hoïk, `lkboakck qul lm bjaqul praduboda par lstl c mc lbaka`àc ls plar qul lm qul sueroò lm pcàs lk mc brosos dlm 8>>:-8>>?, l okbmusa, puldl mmlfcr c slr `ãs slvlra qul lm dl mc brosos dl 3?8?. Lk c`has bcsas, lm `lrbcda hursãtom bcyò blrbc dlm %, mas `lrbcdas dl brïdota sl bakflmcrak, juha hckbcrratcs `csovcs y lxtrl`cs, lm dlsl`pmla cu`lkta
c blrbc dlm 3>% y lm ^radubta Oktlrka Hruta (^OH) sl baktrcga c ukc tcsc ckucmozcdc dlm 3>% a `ãs9 sok l`hcrfa, lstas rlsumtcdas sl ahtuvolrak c ma mcrfa dl 2 cóas, `olktrcs qul lk mc brosos cbtucm sl jck `ctlrocmozcda lk tck sama ukas `lsls (Bmcvlmmokc & Da`àkfulz, 8>8>). Cbtucm`lktl, mas dctas sahrl mas o`pcbtas lbakò`obas dlm Bavod-3? lk
@ïxoba sak `uy bmcras9 sl dobl qul lm ?5% dl mas celbtcdas slrãk mcs ^_@LR y lm 8>). @olktrcs qul lm prlsodlktl dl mc Csabocboòk Mctokac`lrobckc dl @obras, ^lqulócs y @ldockcs L`prlscs (CMC@^_@L), `lkboakò qul 4.< `ommakls dl @O^_@LR lstãk lk okblrtodu`hrl, jcy pïrdodcs par 2>,>>> `ommakls dl plsas qul puldlk lxtlkdlrsl c 8,>>> `ommakls dl plsas cm tïr`oka dl mc pckdl`oc (O`pcbta dlm Bavod-3? lk mcs ^_@LR, 8>8>). ^lra, ta`ckda lk bulktc qul mas baktcfoas par Bavod-3? lk @ïxoba vck lk cu`lkta, ls `uy prahchml qul lstcs boercs slck c÷k `cyarls par mc lxtlksoòk dl mc bucrlktlkc y, par lkdl, dl mcs doelrlktls ^_@LR ka
lslkbocmls qul sl lkbulktrck blrrcdcs jcstc kulva cvosa par pcrtl dl mcs cutarodcdls ba`pltlktls.
Cktl lstl baktlxta, lm prokbopcm ahgltova dl lstl lstudoa baksostoò lk ckcmozcr mcs celbtcboakls dlrovcdcs dl mc baktokflkboc par BAUOD-3? lk mcs ^_@LR dl Bd. Uobtaroc,
Tc`cumopcs, @ïxoba. Mc prlfuktc qul fuàc mc okvlstofcboòk eul ±quï celbtcboakls jc flklrcda lm BAUOD-3? c mcs ^_@LR dl Boudcd Uobtaroc, Tc`cumopcs, @ïxoba1 ^crc
lmma sl odlktobcrak tc`hoïk mcs `ldodcs cdaptcdcs par mcs ^lqulócs y @ldockcs L`prlscs dl Boudcd Uobtaroc, Tc`cumopcs, Tc`cumopcs, @ïxoba erlktl c mc baktokflkboc sckotcroc.
8<
Csà, lstc okvlstofcboòk sl lkeabc lk mcs ^lqulócs y @ldockcs L`prlscs qul sl lkbulktrck uhobcdcs lk Bd. Uobtaroc, Tc`cumopcs, @ïxoba. Lstc bakstc, lk pro`lr mufcr, dl uk tol`pa rltrasplbtova pcrc mmlvcr c bcha lm ckãmosos ba`pmlta dl bò`a jck lstcda eukboakckda mcs ^_@LR bak mc mmlfcdc dl mc baktokflkboc sckotcroc pravabcdc par mc trcks`osoòk dlm BA BAUOD-3? UOD-3? lk lm lstcda dl Tc`cumopcs, Tc`cumopcs, csà ba`a tc`hoïk baktò
bak uk plroada dl tol`pa prasplbtova, dckda mufcrpcrc c mcsflklrcr prapulstcs dl `lgarc qul padràck slr o`pml`lktcdcs lk uk eutura blrbcka uk `lkar o`pcbta kckbolra dlktra dl dobjcs arfckozcboakls. Baktlxta tlòroba
Mc odlktobcboòk dl mas o`pcbtas pravabcdas par lm BAUOD-3? lk mcs ^_@LR, rlquolrl mc ba`prlksoòk dlm aroflk dlm `os`a. Rlf÷k mc A@R (8>8>), BAUOD-3? ls ukc lkelr`ldcd okelbboasc bcuscdc par ukc ec`omoc lxtlksc dl vorus mmc`cdc ”barakcvorus‐.
Lm aroflk dlm BAUOD-3? baktok÷c, c dàc dl jay, solkda pcrtl dl ukc okvlstofcboòk lxjcustovc dlktra dl mc ba`ukodcd bolktàbc cmrldldar dl tada lm `ukda bak lm k dl rlbakablr lm aroflk zaakòtoba dlm `os`a. Jcstc lm `a`lkta sl jc lkbaktrcda qul lm 8>3?-kBaU (kulva Barakcvorus) ls odïktoba cm flka`c dl uk barakcvorus prlslktl lk lm `urboïmcfa lk uk ?5%, lm bucm plrtlklbl c mc lsplbol dl RCXR-BaU, par ma qul sl puldl lsplbumcr qul dobja RCXR-BaU eul trcks`otoda c ju`ckas jcbl 3: cóas c trcvïs dlm `lrbcda dl cko`cmls lxòtobas (^cmcboas lt cm., 8>8>). Lm hratl dlm cbtucm BAUOD-3? sl lsto`c qul pravolkl dl mc boudcd b oudcd dl Vujck, Bjokc lk dobol`hrl dlm cóa dl 8>3?, slf÷k mc A@R (8>8>). Cukqul lm hratl dl lstl vorus okoboò lk Vujck, Bjokc c `ldocdas dl kavol`hrl dlm 8>3?, rlcm`lktl ka pcsò `ubja tol`pa pcrc qul mmlfcrc c @ïxoba. Lm pro`lr bcsa rlfostrcda lk @ïxoba dl doa lm 86 dl elhrlra dl 8>8> lk mc Boudcd dl @ïxoba, lk uk ja`hrl rlboïk mmlfcda dl uk bakfrlsa lk Otcmoc. Dcda lstl bcsa, lkslfuodc sl dolrak c bakablr atras das bcsas,
uka qul tc`hoïk sl uhobchc lk mc Boudcd dl @ïxoba y lm atra lk Bumocbãk, Rokcmac, lk c`has bcsas eulrak ja`hrls y lmmas tc`hoïk jchràck mmlfcda dlm `os`a bakfrlsa b akfrlsa lk
Otcmoc, cm ofucm qul lm pcbolktl dlm d lm pro`lr bcsa rlfostrcda (@ïkdlz, 8>8>). O`pcbta kckbolra lk mcs ^_@LR par BAUOD-3?
Mcs ^_@LR sl jck vosta celbtcdcs par lstc baktokflkboc dlsdl qul sl dlbrltò mc bucrlktlkc lm 84 dl `crza dl 8>8> par dovlrscs ba`pmobcboakls, dlsdl lm bolrrl tl`parcm dl mcs ^_@LR qul ka sak baksodlrcdcs ba`a lslkbocmls jcstc cqulmmcs qul sà ma sak, plra par ecmtc dl rlfumcboakls sckotcrocs sak ahmofcdcs c blrrcr sus pulrtcs. Cktl mc prlslktl baktokflkboc pravabcdc par mc trcks`osoòk dlm Bavod-3?, sl
jck prlslktcda dostoktas topas dl celbtcboakls dlktra dl mcs plqulócs y `ldockcs l`prlscs dl mc mabcmodcd, tcm ba`a ma ls lm o`pcbta kckbolra, lk lm okfrlsa, lk lm l`pmla y dlsl`pmla, y lk lm brlbo`olkta dl mcs prapocs ^_@LR. Lm okfrlsa ls uk cu`lkta dlm pctro`akoa klta dl ukc arfckozcboòk dlhoda c bolrtc trckscbboòk 85
a ba`lrbocmozcboòk dl holkls (Hrawk, 8>>3). Lm o`pcbta lk mas okfrlsas ls ukc dl mcs prokbopcmls prlabupcboakls dl mas okvamubrcdas lk mcs ^_@LR, yc qul, jcstc lm `a`lkta sl jck ahtlkoda dctas qul rllgck qul bcso lm ?>% dl mas lkbulstcdas cslfurck qul vlrãk ukc dos`okuboòk lk sus okfrlsas (BEA ^umsl7 O`pcbtas kckbolras dlm Bavod-3? lk mcs l`prlscs, 8>8>). Rok l`hcrfa, lxostlk atras okdobcdarls a vcrochmls kckbolrcs qul tc`hoïk sak dl prlabupcboòk pcrc mas l`prlscroas durcktl mc baktokflkboc sckotcroc, lktrl
lmmas mas fcstas, qul slf÷k Xadràfulz (8>3:), sak tadcs cqulmmcs scmodcs dl doklra qul sorvlk pcrc `cktlklr eukboakckda mc arfckozcboòk bak lm k dl ahtlklr okfrlsas c eutura y mcs okvlrsoakls sak lm bcpotcm qul sl dlstokc pcrc cu`lktcr mc bcpcbodcd dl pradubboòk dl ukc arfckozcboòk (Dàcz, 8>>?). ^crc lm kckboc`olkta dl sus eukboakls mcs ^_@LR tc`hoïk rlquolrlk dltlr`okcr mas cjarras bak mas qul bulktck pcrc lkerlktcr mc sotucboòk dl mc pckdl`oc. Lm cjarra ls mc bcktodcd dl doklra qul pravolkl dl mas okfrlsas, plra qul ka ls fcstcda, soka, rlslrvcda pcrc lm eutura (@lmo & Hruzzakl, 8>>5). Mc sotucboòk cbtucm dllkBavod-3? jc tlkoda `÷mtopmlsmcslelbtas, lmmas lm dlsl`pmla y mc `adobcboòk mc bcpcbodcd dl aplrcboòk, ^_@LRlktrl sl jck vosta lk mc klblsodcd dl rlbartcr plrsakcm pcrc rldubor lsas lelbtas. ^crc Artoz (8>>5), lm dlspoda ls lm k dl ukc rlmcboòk mcharcm par pcrtl dl uk suplroar y mc bcpcbodcd dl aplrcboòk ls mc bcpcbodcd qul tolkl ukc okstcmcboòk pcrc pradubor y kar`cm`lktl sl lktolkdl ba`a lm vamu`lk qul flklrc ukc pradubboòk lk bolrta tol`pa (Makdaóa, s.e.). Oktlrvlkboòk fuhlrkc`lktcm
Bak lm prapòsota dl `otofcr mas lelbtas, lm faholrka cbt÷c lk mc lbaka`àc, mcs oktlrvlkboakls fuhlrkc`lktcmls sak cbboakls rlcmozcdcs par lktodcdls p÷hmobcs bak lm k dl o`pcbtcr lk mc lbaka`àc (^amobaka`obs, 8>3?) y c mc vlz okbodl lk mc rlfumcboòk dl mc cbtovodcd dl mcs ^_@LR durcktl mc baktokflkboc, cm rlsplbta, lm lstcda
dl Tc`cumopcs l`otoò ukc puhmobcboòk lk lm ^lroòdoba Abocm dlm Lstcda `ldocktl lm bucm lm ^adlr Lglbutova lstchmlbl mcs `ldodcs dl slfurodcd lk `ctlroc sckotcroc, pcrc scmvcfucrdcr mc oktlfrodcd eàsobc dl mc boudcdckàc tc`cumoplbc.
Mc Rlbrltcràc Flklrcm dl Faholrka (^lroòdoba Abocm dl Tc`cumopcs, 8>8>) dlbrltò mas cbulrdas pcrc prlvlkor y baktlklr mc prapcfcboòk y trcks`osoòk dlm Bavod-3? Crtàbuma ^ro`lra. Lk bu`pmo`olkta dl mcs cbboakls lxtrcardokcrocs dl bcrãbtlr flklrcm y ahmofctaroa dltlr`okcdcs bak `atova dl mc l`lrflkboc sckotcroc flklrcdc
par lm vorus RCXR-BAU8 (Bavod- 3?), `ldocktl cbulrdas puhmobcdas lk lm Docroa Abocm dl mc Eldlrcboòk mas dàcs 23 dl `crza y 83 dl chrom dl 8>8>, sl l`otlk `ldodcs dl 86
slfurodcd lk `ctlroc sckotcroc bak lm lelbta dl prlvlkor y baktlklr mc prapcfcboòk y trcks`osoòk dlm vorus RCXR-BAU8 (Bavod-3?) lk lm lstcda, bakburror c mc flstoòk dl mas rolsfas dl baktcfoa y `ulrtl abcsoakcdas par mc lkelr`ldcd, csà ba`a pcrc `otofcr
mas bcsas qul rlquolrck ctlkboòk jaspotcmcroc. Dl ofucm `cklrc, mc Rlbrltcràc Flklrcm dl Faholrka (^lroòdoba Abocm dl Tc`cumopcs, okdobc lm sofuolktl mcs `ldodcs qul dlhlrãk cbctcr mcs ^_@LR pcrc 8>8>) baktrohuor c mclkprlvlkboòk dlmcrtàbuma Bavod-3?. Crtàbuma Rlfukda. Mcs `ldodcs dl slfurodcd qul rllrl lm crtàbuma cktlroar slrãk mcs sofuolktls7 OOO. Rl susplkdl dl `cklrc ok`ldoctc mcs cbtovodcdls dlkodcs ba`a ka lslkbocmls, dl bakear`odcd c ma lstchmlboda lk lm Cbulrda l`otoda par lm Rlbrltcroa
dl Rcmud dlm Faholrka dl mc Xlp÷hmobc, puhmobcda lk lm Docroa Abocm dl mc Eldlrcboòk lm pcscda 23 dl `crza dl 8>8>. Z. Rl dltlr`okc lm bolrrl tatcm lk ear`c ok`ldoctc y tl`parcm dl mas blktras, pmczcs a `lrbcdas ba`lrbocmls a dl slrvoboas. ^crc tcm lelbta, sl ardlkc c mc Baardokcboòk dl ^ratlbboòk Bovom dlm Lstcda c cbardakcr mcs lktrcdcs dl lstas mufcrls. ZO. Rl ardlkc lm bolrrl ok`ldocta y tl`parcm dl mas klfaboas a lstchmlbo`olktas
qul rlcmoblk cbtovodcdls ka lslkbocmls, bak lxblpboòk dl ecr`cbocs, mcharctaroas, bmàkobcs, slrvoboas `ïdobas, tolkdcs dl cmo`lktas, lstchmlbo`olktas dlstokcdas
÷kobc`lktl pcrc mc prlpcrcboòk y slrvoboa c da`obomoa dl cmo`lktas, slrvoboas dl cfuc, fcs y fcsamoklrcs.
Mas cktlroarls cbulrdas, lktrcrak lk vofar lm 82 dl chrom dlm 8>8> tlkolkda ba`a elbjc dl tlr`okcboòk lm 23 dl `cya dlm 8>8>. C `cklrc dl rlsu`lk, mc rlvosoòk dl motlrcturc rlcmozcdc pcrc sustlktcr lstl lstudoa sl
prlslktc lk lm sofuolktl `cpc bakblptucm (Eofurc 3).
8:
Eofurc 3. Xlsu`lk dl `crba rlelrlkbocm.
Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc bak okear`cboòk dl Kuóa (8>38, pãf. 38)9 Hcrcjakc (8>35, pãf. 53)9 Hrawk (8>>3, pãf. 3:, pãrr. 3.)9 Dàcz (8>>?, pãrr. 3.)9 @lmo & Hruzzakl (8>>5, pãf. 34)9 Hcutostc (8>38>)9 A@R (8>8>)9 Artoz (8>>5, pãf. ?2)9 Makdaóa (s.e., pãrr. 3.)9 ^amobaka`obs (8>3?, pãrr. 3.).
8?
@ltadamafàc
Mc okvlstofcboòk sl chardò hcga lm lkeaqul bucktotctova, par `ldoa dl uk doslóa ka lxplro`lktcm trckscbboakcm, bak cmbckbl dlsbroptova. Rl rlcmozò ukc lkbulstc c mcs
^_@LR dl Uobtaroc, Tc`cumopcs, c trcvïs dlm bulstoakcroa doslócda par lm Okstotuta dl Okear`cboòk Lstcdàstobc y Flafrãbc dlm Lstcda dl Gcmosba (OOLF, 8>8>), lk @ïxoba, mmc`cdc ”Docfkòstoba dl mcs Celbtcboakls Lbakò`obcs c mcs \kodcdls Lbakò`obcs dl Gcmosba par lmrlfostrcdcs Barakcvorus‐, bcha lm prlslktl Rl ckcmozcrak lbakò`obcs lk lmmmlvcdc DLK\L cpar `ldoa dl barrlacóa. lmlbtròkoba y rldlsukodcdls sabocmls. Lm bulstoakcroa okbmuyl 24 rlcbtovas, `ldocktl mas qul okdcfc lk mcs bcrcbtlràstobcs dl mcs ukodcdls lbakò`obcs y celbtcboakls lk vlktcs, bcpcbodcd dl aplrcboòk, dlspodas,
susplksoòk tl`parcm dl aplrcboakls, kckboc`olkta, celbtcboakls lk oksu`as y mcs cbboakls fuhlrkc`lktcmls. Rl lkbulktrc bakear`cda, lk su `cyaràc, par ukc lstrubturc baktokuc dl prlfuktcs blrrcdcs y prlfuktcs cholrtcs.
Bak mas rlsumtcdas ahtlkodas dl chomodcd dl Cmec dl Brakhcbj dlm okstru`lkta dl ahtlkboòk dl okear`cboòk utomozcda, sl cmbckzò ukc puktucboòk dl >.:>4 bak uk tatcm dl 85 lml`lktas ckcmozcdas, lsta quolrl dlbor qul, cm lkbaktrcrsl suplroar c mc puktucboòk dl >.:>>, kulstra okstru`lkta sl baksodlrc chml. Mc okvlstofcboòk sl rlcmozò dlm 3< dl gukoa cm 34 dl cfasta dlm 8>8>. Mc prokbopcm
mo`otcboòk pcrc mc cpmobcboòk dlm okstru`lkta eul lm cosmc`olkta par lm Bavod-3?, ma
qul dobumtò lk frck `ldodc rlcmozcr mc okvlstofcboòk dl bc`pa barrlspakdolktl, par ma qul sl rlburroò c mc tlbkamafàc dospakohml pcrc cpmobcrmc c trcvïs dl `ldoas dofotcmls bak uk ear`umcroa dl faafml, lsta plr`otoò mafrcr ukc tcsc dl rlspulstc dl
4
Okvlrsoòk
”Mc okvlrsoòk ls lm uga dlm pradubta dlstokcda cm
Lsto`cr mc bcpcbodcd y bcktodcd dl
Cjarra
cu`lkta dlm stabi dl bcpotcm, cu`lktckda csà mc bcpcbodcd pradubtovc‐.
okvlrsoakls dl `cklrc parblktucm.
”Cjarra ls lm parblktcgl dlm okfrlsa qul ka sl dlstokc cm fcsta y qul sl rlslrvc pcrc klblsodcdls
Lsto`cr bcpcbodcd dl pcfa c trcvïs dlm cjarra dl `cklrc erlbulkbocm y parblktucm.
euturcs Y…P‐. Dlspodas
”Cbta `ldocktl lm bucm lm pctròk dc par tlr`okcdc
Lsto`cr mas dlspodas dl `cklrc erlbulkbocm.
mc rlmcboòk mcharcm bak uk trchcgcdar‐. Bcpcbodcd dl aplrcboòk Oktlrvlkboòk fuhlrkc`lktcm
”Rl rllrl c mc bcpcbodcd pradubtovc dl ukc
Lsto`cr mc bcpcbodcd dl aplrcboòk cbtucm dl `cklrc parblktucm.
okstcmcboòk9 lk flklrcm lxprlscdc ba`a uk vamu`lk dl pradubboòk dl uk plroada‐.
”Ls bucmquolr cbboòk mmlvcdc c bcha par lm faholrka u atrc lktodcd p÷hmobc qul celbtc c mc lbaka`àc dl
Lsto`cr mcs cpartcboakls dl faholrka dl `cklrc erlbulkbocm y parblktucm.
`lrbcda Y…P‐.
Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc bak okear`cboòk dl Hcrcjakc (8>35, pãf. 53)9 Hrawk (8>>3, pãf. 3:, pãrr. 3.)9 Dàcz (8>>?, pãrr. 3.)9 3.) 9 @lmo & Hruzzakl (8>>5, pãf. 34)9 Artoz (8>>5, pãf. ?2)9 Makdaóa (s.e., pãrr. 3.)9 ^amobaka`obs (8>3?, pãrr. 3.). Ckãmosos l oktlrprltcboòk dl rlsumtcdas ^lrm dl mas lkbulstcdas
Rl lkbulstcrak 33< ^_@LR, 338 plqulócs l`prlscs y 2 `ldockcs, mcs bucmls rlprlslktck ?6.4% y 8.5%, rlsplbtovc`lktl. Dl lstcs 42 sak l`prlscs plqulócs dorofodcs cm slbtar dl Rlrvoboas, 3.3. ±C quï slbtar baksodlrc qul plrtlklbl su lstchmlbo`olkta1
Tatcm
23 -
Tatcm
>
Rlrvoboas
2:
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>
42
Ba`lrboa
45
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8
34
Bakstrubboòk
4
>
3
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38
2
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Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc bak okear`cboòk dl OH@ R^RR Rtctostobs,8>8>. Rtctostobs,8>8>. Bak lm k dl lsto`cr mas o`pcbtas kckbolras bamctlrcmls pravabcdcs par mcs prapocs l`prlscs ckcmozcdcs, ls o`partcktl odlktobcr lm k÷`lra dl pravlldarls bak
23
mas qul lstcs bulktck. Lm 4>.:% dl mcs l`prlscs bulktc bak uk cpraxo`cda dl 3 c 2 pravlldarls, lm 8?..?
4>.?
4>.?
4-6 +:
24 2>
8?.5 85.3
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Ka sï
4
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Tatcm
Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc bak okear`cboòk dl OH@ R^RR Rtctostobs,8>8>. Rtctostobs,8>8>. O`pcbta kckbolra par Bavod-3? lk mcs ^_@LR O`pcbta lk mas okfrlsas
Dl mc okear`cboòk tatcm rlelrlktl c mc vcrochml dl okfrlsas sl ahtuva qul lm :5.>:% dl mcs l`prlscs lkbulstcdcs volrak rldubodcs sus vlktcs dlhoda c mc sotucboòk pravabcdc
par lm Bavod-3?, dl uk tatcm dl 33%, 85 l`prlscs dl 83% c 4>%, 3? dl >% c 8>% y atrcs 3? dl 53% c :>%, kcm`lktl sama 8 l`prlscs rlduglrak sus vlktcs dl uk :3% c 3>>% (Tchmc (Tchmc 4). Tchmc 4. Tchmc Tchmc bruzcdc dl rldubboòk dl vlktcs y su parblktcgl. ±Lk quï parblktcgl cpraxo`cdc`lktl voa rldubodcs sus vlktcs1
>% - 8>%
83% - 4>% 43% - 5>%
53% - :>%
:3% - 3>>%
Tatcm Rok dctas
8.3. ±Uoa
Rà
3?
85
28
3?
8
3
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rldubodcs sus vlktcs cktl mc sotucboòk
Ka
38
>
>
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4
3355
23
85
28
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8
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pravabcdc par lm Bavod-3?1 Tatcm
Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc bak okear`cboòk dl OH@ R^RR Rtctostobs,8>8>. Rtctostobs,8>8>. Bak tada lsta sl padràc dlbor qul mcs lktodcdls lbakò`obcs sl volrak celbtcdcs lk frck `ldodc lk buckta cm dlbrl`lkta dl sus okfrlsas dlhoda c qul sus vlktcs sl lkbulktrck `uy par dlhcga dl ma qul rlfumcr`lktl cmbckzchck cktls dl mc baktokflkboc sckotcroc par Bavod-3?.
28
^ar atra mcda, dlm tatcm dl mc `ulstrc sl odlktobò qul 46 arfckozcboakls cmbckzcrak uk rckfa dl 85% c % lk pïrdodcs ba`a parblktcgl dl sus vlktcs, `olktrcs qul lk slfukda pulsta quldcrak 4> l`prlscs bak vcmarls lktrl >% y 8>.>
3>>.>
Tatcm
Rtctostobs,8>8>. Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc bak okear`cboòk dl OH@ R^RR Rtctostobs,8>8>. Okfrlsas y bcpcbodcd dl aplrcboòk
Mas okfrlsas bmcrc`lktl sak ukc pcrtl eukdc`lktcm dl bucmquolr l`prlsc, yc qul frcbocs c lstas ukc lktodcd lbakò`obc mafrc `cktlklrsl dlktra dlm `lrbcda. Lk mas rlsumtcdas sl ahslrvò qul lm 6
33<
Tatcm
Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc bak okear`cboòk dl OH@ R^RR Rtctostobs,8>8>. Rtctostobs,8>8>. Okfrlsas y dlspodas
Rl dltlr`okò qul, ta`ckda lk bulktc mas dctas botcdas lk mc slbboòk cktlroar, y lk ba`pcrcboòk bak mcs l`prlscs qul ka volrak rldubodcs sus vlktcs, ls eãbom odlktobcr qul mas parblktcgls dl mcs pmcktommcs celbtcdcs sol`prl ls `cyar lk cqulmmcs qul sà volrak rldubodcs sus vlktcs, lxostolkda doelrlkbocs dl jcstc lm 3>>% lk lm bcsa dl mas rckfas dl 85% c 3>>%, lxblptuckda mc apboòk dl >% - 8
35
64
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82
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Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc bak okear`cboòk dl OH@ R^RR Rtctostobs,8>8>. Rtctostobs,8>8>. Kovlm dl o`pcbta lk mas fcstas Lk buckta c mas fcstas a celbtcboakls lk oksu`as dlktra dl mcs lktodcdls lbakò`obcs,
sl ahtuvolrak dctas qul rllgck qul lm 5?.
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mas oksu`as qul klblsotc pcrc su aplrcboòk1
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Tatcm
Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc bak okear`cboòk dl OH@ R^RR Rtctostobs,8>8>. Rtctostobs,8>8>. ^crc ba`plkscr bastas, 44% dl mcs ^_@LR sl volrak lk mc klblsodcd dl tlklr qulpcrc cu`lktcr mas`cklrc, prlboas jcblr dl suserlktl pradubtas slrvoboas durcktlpar mc baktokflkboc sckotcroc, dl lstc c mas a bastas flklrcdas mas oksu`as klblscroas pcrc mc pradubboòk, 23.2% ka cu`lkta mas prlboas, `olktrcs qul 84.2% ka jchàc okbrl`lktcda mas prlboas dl mas pradubtas buckda sl lkbulstò, plra
ba`lktcrak qul lstchck baksodlrckda jcblrma (T (Tchmc chmc ?).
24
Tchmc ?. Erlbulkboc dl cu`lktas dl prlboas pcrc ba`plkscr bastas. Erlbulkboc
^arblktcgl
^arblktcgl vvããmoda
^arblktcgl ccbbu`umcda
Rà
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baksodlrckda Tatcm
Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc bak okear`cboòk dl OH@ R^RR Rtctostobs,8>8>. Rtctostobs,8>8>.
Kovlm dl o`pcbta lk mc okvlrsoòk
Lm kckboc`olkta dl mc lktodcd lbakò`obc ls dl su`c o`partckboc lk tol`pas dakdl mas okfrlsas sl vlk celbtcdas dl `cklrc klfctovc, ls par lmma qul sl bulstoakò so sl baktchc bak cmf÷k brïdota bak lm k dl okvlrtorsl lk mc rlbuplrcboòk dl mc arfckozcboòk, lm 65.. Erlbulkboc dl ahtlkboòk dl cmf÷k brïdota. Erlbulkboc Rà
86
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^arblktcgl 82.< 65.< 3>>.>
^arblktcgl vãmoda 82.< 65.< 3>>.>
^arblktcgl cbu`umcda 82.< 3>>.>
Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc bak okear`cboòk dl OH@ R^RR Rtctostobs,8>8>. Rtctostobs,8>8>. Kovlm dl o`pcbta lk lm cjarra
Lm cjarra ls klblscroa buckda sl tolklk qul susplkdlr aplrcboakls dl `cklrc tl`parcm, puls bak lmma sl dlhl sustlktcr mcs cbtovodcdls c rlcmozcr dl `cklrc batodockc par mc l`prlsc. Rl bulstoakò buãktcs sl`ckcs padràck sapartcr dobjas cjarras pcrc
pcfcr mas bastas dl scmcroas, o`pulstas, rlktc y muz. Rl ahtuva ukc `ldoc dl lktrl 2 y 4 lk bcdc uka dl mas ruhras `lkboakcdas cktlroar`lktl, lktakbls, sl puldl dlbor qul mas cjarras padràck sapartcr lktrl 5 y 32 sl`ckcs (Tchmc (Tchmc 33). Dckda uk lsto`cda dl cpraxo`cdc`lktl das a trls `lsls pcrc qul lstas sl polrdck par ba`pmlta y sl l`polblk c tlklr prahml`cs kckbolras dlktra dl mcs lktodcdls lbakò`obcs.
2<
Tchmc 33. Dlsbroptova dl mc bcktodcd dl sl`ckcs qul puldlk sapartcr mas eakdas pcrc scmcroas, o`pulstas, rlktc y muz. K 8
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sapartcr sus eakdas lstc sotucboòk
pravabcdc par lm Bavod-3? pcrc ka dlgcr dl pcfcr mas sofuolktls fcstas1 YMuzP
K vãmoda (slf÷k mostc)
33<
Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc bak okear`cboòk dl OH@ R^RR,8>8>. ^ar atra mcda, lk buckta cm trcta bak trchcgcdarls, lm 2:.8% dl mcs l`prlscs jck oktlktcda mmlfcr c uk cbulrda sahrl mc praparboòk c pcfcr c sus l`pmlcdas lk bcsa dl lstchmlblr uk plroada dl susplksoòk dl cbtovodcdls lk dakdl pcfcràck dlm
85% cm % dl su scmcroa. Lm 53.6% dl l`prlscs rlstcktls cuk ka mmlfck c uk cbulrda bak sus trchcgcdarls, plra so lsta mmlfcrc c pcscr baksodlrcràck pcfcrmls dl ofucm ear`c, dl uk 85% c uk % dlm tatcm dl kò`okc (Tchmc (Tchmc 38). Tchmc 38. Tchmc bruzcdc dl cbulrdas bak trchcgcdarls y mc praparboòk dl su scmcroa.
44
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Tatcm
Rtctostobs,8>8>. Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc bak okear`cboòk dl OH@ R^RR Rtctostobs,8>8>. 25
O`pcbta lk mas dlspodas
Lm 8>.:% dl mcs l`prlscs sl jck vosta lk mc klblsodcd dl dlspldor plrsakcm, csà `os`a, lk dakdl mc `cyaràc baksodlrck qul cpraxo`cdc`lktl dl uk >% c uk 8% c uk % dlm tatcm dl l`pmlcdas sl vlrãk celbtcdas (T (Tchmc chmc 32). Tchmc 32. Tchmc bruzcdc dl dlspodas dl plrsakcm y parblktcgl dl mc pmcktommc qul sl vl a sl vlrã celbtcdc. celbtcdc. ±Suï parblktcgl dlm tatcm dl su pmcktommc mcharcm baksodlrc qul eul a sl vlrã celbtcdc1 4.3. ±Ru
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Tatcm
Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc bak okear`cboòk dl OH@ R^RR Rtctostobs,8>8>. Rtctostobs,8>8>. O`pcbta par `ldoa dl mc oktlrvlkboòk fuhlrkc`lktcm Lm faholrka rlprlslktc uk pcplm o`partcktl durcktl mcs prahml`ãtobcs dl lstl topa
lk buckta cm cpaya dl plqulócs y `ldockcs l`prlscs pcrc qul lstcs ka sl rltorlk
dl mc lbaka`àc dlm pcàs, ls par lmma qul sl bulstoakò c dobjcs arfckozcboakls cblrbc dlm bakabo`olkta dl mc Dlbmcrctaroc dl L`lrflkboc Rckotcroc, dakdl sl lstchmlblk bak
lxcbtotud mcs `ldodcs sckotcrocs qul dlhlk slr ta`cdcs par bcdc ukc dl mcs lktodcdls dlm pcàs. Ceartukcdc`lktl uk ?2% dl mcs l`prlscs sà sl `cktolkl cm tckta dl lstc okear`cboòk y uk 6% ka tolkl lm bakabo`olkta dl dobjc dlbmcrctaroc a ka schl so sl lstã cpmobckda (Tchmc 3
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Tatcm
Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc bak okear`cboòk dl OH@ R^RR Rtctostobs,8>8>. Rtctostobs,8>8>. Mc oktlrvlkboòk dlm Lstcda, c trcvïs dl mcs `ldodcs sckotcrocs l`otodcs pcrc slr ahslrvcdcs l o`pml`lktcdcs par lm slbtar l`prlscrocm ylk dldltlr`okcdcs mc rlfumcboòk lxostlktl `otofck, dl cmfukc `cklrc mas lelbtas dl mc baktokflkboc vcrochmls
ba`a mas dlspodas y tolklk okglrlkboc dorlbtc lk lm kckboc`olkta, c trcvïs dl mc o`pml`lktcboòk dl dovlrscs pamàtobcs p÷hmobcs ba`a prafrc`cs dl cpaya pcrc mc ahtlkboòk dl brïdotas.
2:
Bakbmusoakls
Rl mafrò lm ahgltova prokbopcm dl mc okvlstofcboòk qul eul ckcmozcr lm o`pcbta kckbolra qul trcga mc baktokflkboc par Bavod-3? lk mcs ^_@LR dl Boudcd Uobtaroc, csà `os`a, sl mafrcrak dlsbrohor mas ecbtarls kckbolras qul sak flklrcdas par mc sotucboòk, dl`astrcr mas lelbtas kckbolras klfctovas qul pravabc y ckcmozcr mc okear`cboòk pcrc prapaklr mcs lstrctlfocs klblscrocs qul plr`otck uk `lkar o`pcbta kckbolra c mcs plqulócs y `ldockcs l`prlscs. Dlstcbc lm tl`c dl mas dlspodas, qul sl lkbulktrck rlmcboakcdas lk frck `ldodc c mas okfrlsas qul flklrc mc arfckozcboòk dlhoda c qul slràc oksastlkohml pcrc bucmquolr l`prlsc flklrcr l`pmlas buckda sl tolkl ukc bcktodcd dl okfrlsas hcgc. Rl doa rlspulstc c mas bulstoakc`olktas qul arolktcrak mc okvlstofcboòk y sl odlktobcrak mcs celbtcboakls kckbolrcs qul pravabc lm Bavod-3? c mcs lktodcdls lbakò`obcs y bò`a sl lkbulktrc lk mc cbtucmodcd su sostl`c lbakò`oba.
Cmf÷k tl`c pcrc rlscmtcr dlhoda c su frcda dl oktlrïs eul mc vcrochml dl dlspodas, yc qul sl odlktobc uk baksodlrchml cu`lkta lk mc tcsc dl dlsl`pmla
pravabcdc par mc baktokflkboc sckotcroc, par lmma sl sufolrl ba`a màklc dl okvlstofcboòk praeukdozcr lk lstc tl`ãtobc.
Eokcm`lktl, so holk ls bolrta qul ka sl chardò mc `ulstrc prahchomàstobc y par tckta mas rlsumtcdas ka cpmobck pcrc mc pahmcboòk lk flklrcm dl ^_@LR dl Uobtaroc, sl
baksodlrc qul mas rlsumtcdas ahtlkodas dl dlbosoakls pcrtl dl mas doslócdarls dl pamàtobcs p÷hmobcsbaktrohuylk qul okbodckc mc lkta`c mc `otofcboòk dl maspar lelbtas dlrovcdas dl mc pckdl`oc dl Bavod-3? lk mcs ^_@LR dl Uobtaroc. Xlba`lkdcboakls
Ro holk ls bolrta qul `ubjas dl mas ecbtarls qul puldlk abcsoakcr uk o`pcbta c plqulóc a frck lsbcmc lk mcs l`prlscs, slck dl bcusc dl eulrzc `cyar a uk bcsa eartuota, sl dlhl baktcr bak lstrctlfocs mcs bucmls sak dl frck utomodcd c mc jarc dl
lkerlktcr brosos lbakò`obcs bak so`omotudls c mcs qul jl`as vlkoda lstudockda. ^lra, cktls dl dlbodor quï jcblr, sl rlba`olkdc ckcmozcr mc `cfkotud dlm o`pcbta lk qul celbtcrã cm klfaboa.
\kc dl mcs lstrctlfocs qul klblscroc`lktl dlhlk o`pml`lktcr tadcs mcs ba`pcóàcs, sok lxblpboòk, ls mc brlcboòk dl uk eakda a bcgc dl cjarra qul slc lxbmusovc`lktl utomozcda lk okbodlktls a cbaktlbo`olktas dl l`lrflkboc9 yc qul lstc slrã mc pro`lrc samuboòk pcrc cmfukc prahml`ãtobc lbakò`obc qul slc bcso o`pasohml suplrcr.
2?
Ba`a slfukdc tãbtobc rlba`lkdcdc pcrc paklr lk `crbjc, ls odlktobcr mas `cyarls fcstas qul puldlk tlklr, tcmls ba`a mc pradubboòk, puhmobodcd y lm `criltokf, y sahrl tada rlbartcr mas dl`ãs bastas qul ka sl baksodlrck okdosplkschmls. Cjarc holk, mcs ukodcdls lbakò`obcs ka sama dlhlk vlr par sus oktlrlsls,
pulsta qul sus dlplkdolktls tc`hoïk dlhlk slr ta`cdas lk bulktc9 par lmma dlhlrãk cgustcr scmcroas tl`parcmls (lsta o`pmobc mc rldubboòk dl garkcdcs mcharcmls), lsplbocm`lktl c mas qul tolkdlk c slr lm sapartl dl mc l`prlsc y dorlbtovas, mas bucmls sak mas qul `cyar okulkboc lbakò`obc ctlsarck. Csà `os`a, sl rlba`olkdc rlcmozcr uk ckãmosos cm pckarc`c so sl tolkl lm oktlrïs dl samobotcr uk brïdota, dlhoda c qul rlqulror uk prïstc`a lk sotucboakls dl brosos rlsumtc okbakvlkolktl parqul ka sl schl bak lxcbtotud so sl mafrcrã moquodcr lsc dludc lk tol`pa y ear`c. Ba`a uk ÷mto`a bakslga dl cbboakls c rlcmozcr, ls baksodlrcr atrcs cmtlrkctovcs dl vlktcs, ka slfuor bak ma trcdoboakcm. Rl trctc dl cvlrofucr so lm pradubta a slrvoboa
qul sl aerlbl ls pasohml mmlvcrma cm ba`lrboa lmlbtròkoba, dcda qul lk mas ÷mto`as cóas sl jc bakvlrtoda lk uka dl mas `lrbcdas bak `cyar `avo`olkta.
Lm o`pcbta qul suerolrak mcs l`prlscs lk lm ã`hota lbakò`oba, lk bolrta `ada puldl rlsumtcr ba`a ukc pcrcdagc, pulsta qul ls lm `a`lkta plrelbta pcrc rlcmozcr uk bc`hoa praeukda c mc arfckozcboòk.
Hohmoafrceàc
Hcrcjakc, U. (8>35). Lvcmucboòk dlm o`pcbta kckbolra lk mc l`prlsc Cvotlsc, R.C., c pcrtor dl mc o`pml`lktcboòk dlm pmck dl cjarra-eakda dl rltora ba`a pamàtobc dl hlklboas c l`pmlcdas dlm >3 dl gukoa dl 8>3< cm 23 dl `cya dl 8>35. \kovlrsodcd
Kcboakcm Cutòka`c dl Kobcrcfuc, @ckcfuc. Hcutostc, F. (8>3>3). @ckucm dl Lstcdàstobcs dl Eokckzcs ^÷hmobcs. Oktlrkctoakcm Eukd, ^uhmobctoak Rlrvobls. BEA ^umsl7 O`pcbtas kckbolras dlm Bavod-3? lk mcs l`prlscs . (3< dl Gukoa dl 8>8>). Ahtlkoda dl ^wB7 jttps7//www.pwb.ba`/`x/ls/flstoak-dl-brosos/bavod-3?/beapumsl-survly.jt`m
Bmcvlmmokc, G., & Da`àkfulz, @. (@crza dl 8>8>). O`pmobcboakls lbakò`obcs dl mc pckdl`oc par Bavod-3? y apboakls dl pamàtobc. Ahtlkoda dl Okstotuta Hlmoscroa Da`àkfulz7 jttp7//hohmoadofotcmohd.slkcda.fah.`x/jc jttp7//hohmoadofotcmohd.slkcda.fah.`x/jckdml/3824>?). LbakaMoki . Ahtlkoda dl jttps7//www.lbakmoki.ba`.cr/ lbaka`oc/okvlrsoak
4>
O`pcbta dlm Bavod-3? lk mcs ^_@LR . (? dl Chrom dl 8>8>). Ahtlkoda dl Lm Jlrcmda dl
@ïxoba7 jttps7//jlrcmdadl`lxoba.ba`.`x/apokoak/py`ls-l`prlscs-lbaka`oc`lxobckc-`criltokf-tlbkamafoc/ OOLF (Okstotuta dl Okear`cboòk Lstcdàstobc y Flafrãbc dl Gcmosba). 8>8>. Lkbulstc pcrc lm Docfkòstoba dl mcs Celbtcboakls Lbakò`obcs c mcs \kodcdls Lbakò`obcs dl Gcmosba par Barakcvorus jttps7//oolf.fah.`x/ks/wp-baktlkt/upmacds/8>8>/>4/ Celbtcboakls-c-mcs-ukodcdls-lbaka`obcs-par-lm-B Celbtcboakls-c-mcs-ukodcdls -lbaka`obcs-par-lm-BAUOD3?.pde AUOD3?.pde
OKLFO. (8>8>). DLK\L . Ahtlkoda dl OKLFO7 jttps7//www.oklfo.arf.`x/cpp/`cpc/ dlkul/ Makdaóa, B. (s.e.). ^XAD\B ^XAD\BBOÒK BOÒK Bcpcbodcd dl mcs aplrcboakls. Docmklt . @lmo, G., & Hruzzakl, ^. (8>>5). Lm doklra y lm cjarra. \k hulk `cóckc sl pmckobc jay. jay. RCUOKF TX\RT R.C. @ïkdlz, L. (8? dl Elhrlra dl 8>8>). _c mmlfò lm barakcvorus9 @ïxoba bakr`c trls bcsas9 jcy atras trls sasplbjasas . Ahtlkoda dl Lxblmsoar7 jttps7//www.lxblmsoar. ba`.`x/kcboakcm/yc-mmlfa-lm-barakcvorus-`lxoba-bakr`c-trls-bcsas-jcy-atrastrls-sasplbjasas/3256>>? Kuóa, ^. d. (8>38). Cd`okostrcboòk dl plqulócs l`prlscs. l`prlscs. XLD TLXBLX @OMLKOA R.B. A@R. (8>8>). ^rlfuktcs y rlspulstcs sahrl mc lkelr`ldcd par barakcvorus (Bavod-3?) . Ahtlkoda dl Arfckozcboòk @ukdocm dl mc Rcmud7 jttps7//www.wja. okt/ls/l`lrflkbols/doslcsls/kavlm-barakcvorus-8>3?/cdvobl-ear-puhmob/q-cbarakcvorusls
Artoz, B. (8>>5). Dovcfcboakls sahrl lm tïr`oka ”dlspoda‐ lk lm dlrlbja mcharcm `lxobcka. Lk Mcs bcuscs dl dlspoda lk @ïxoba. \kovlrsodcd Kcboakcm Cutòka`c dl @ïxoba.
^cmcboas lt cm. (8>8>). BAUOD-3?, ukc l`lrflkboc dl scmud p÷hmobc `ukdocm. `ukdocm. Xlvostc Bmàkobc Lspcóamc. ^lroòdoba abocm dl Tc`cumopcs. ^lroòdoba Tc`cumopcs. 8>8>. Cbulrdas Bavod-3?. jttps7//pa.tc`cumopcs.fah. `x/cbulrdas-bavod/ ^amobaka`obs. (36 dl Dobol`hrl dl 8>3?). Oktlrvlkboòk fuhlrkc`lktcm. fuhlrkc`lktcm. Ahtlkoda dl ^amobaka`obs7 ^amobaka` obs7 jttps7//pamobaka`obs.ba`/ls/oktl jttps7//pamobaka`obs.ba`/ls/oktlrvlkboak-fuhlrkc`lktcm/ rvlkboak-fuhlrkc`lktcm/ ^ru`, H. (85 dl `crza dl 8>8>). Lm lstarkuda dlm Bavod-3? lk mcs ^_@LR `lxobckcs. `lxobckcs. Ahtlkoda dl Earhls @ïxoba7 jttps7//www.earhls.ba`.`x/lm-lstarkuda-dlm-bavod3?-lk-mcs-py`ls-`lxobckcs/ Xadràfulz, D. (6 dl gukoa dl 8>3:). Baktchomodcd . Ahtlkoda dl jttps7//baktchomodcd. ba`.da/fmascroa/dlkoboak-fcstas/ Rlrkc, C. (36 dl @cya dl 8>8>). Cbchc lm Bavod-3? bak lm ba`lrboa lk Boudcd Uobtaroc. Uobtaroc. Ahtlkoda dl Jay Tc`cumopcs7 jttps7//www.jaytc`cumopcs.klt/katcs/43?8>). Barakcvorus lk @ïxoba, 34 dl gukoa, rlpartck 85? `ulrtls y 4 `om 346 bbcsas. Ahtlkoda dl @omlkoa7 @ omlkoa7 jttps7//www.`omlkoa.ba`/pamotobc/ barakcvorus-`lxoba-34-gukoa-katobocs-bavod-3?
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Lelbtas dlm BAUOD-3? lk mc saboldcd dlm bakabo`olkta7 Xam dl arfckozcboakls oktlrkcboakcmls durcktl lm mcs Frck Bakekc`olkta dl 8>8> Gasï dl Gls÷s Mòplz Cm`lga, Flr`ãk Cmlgckdra ^ctoóa Arazba, Bcrmas ^ummlora @ïkdlz, Dckolm @arcmls Xuvcmbchc.
Xlsu`lk Lm cóa 8>8> rlprlslktc uk cóa dl bbc`hoas c`hoas pcrcdof`ãtobas lk kulstrc jostaroc rlbolktl dlhoda c mc pckdl`oc dl RCXR-BaU-8 a BAUOD-3?. Lk lstl baktlxta, bchl prlfuktcr, ±Dl quï `cklrc jc o`pcbtcda lm BAUOD-3? lk lm dlscrramma dl mc saboldcd dlm bakabo`olkta1 ±Bò`a jck flstoakcda mcs arfckozcboakls oktlrkcboakcmls lstc brosos1 Cquà sastlkl`as qul lm Frck Bakkc`olkta flklrcda par mc par mc c`lkczc dlm BAUOD-3? sl jc bakvlrtoda lk uk bctcmozcdar dltlr`okcktl pcrc mc baksamodcboòk dl mc saboldcd dlm bakabo`olkta, lk uk baktlxta lk lm qul mcs arfckozcboakls oktlrkcboakcmls jck dlsl`plócda uk pcplm dl frck rlmlvckboc. Mcs buctra do`lksoakls sabocmls qul sorvlk pcrc kulstra ckãmosos sak7 3) Rcmud7 BAUOD-3? jc soda mc pckdl`oc dl `cyar cmbckbl lk mcs rldls sabocmls lk buckta c rolsfas dl `ulrtl, lk lmma, mc A@R jc gufcda uk pcplm bmcvl lk mc sabocmozcboòk dlm bakabo`olkta pcrc lkerlktcr lm rlta9 8) L`pmla7 lm Frck Bakkc`olkta arommò c mc ju`ckodcd c rlburror cm tlmltrchcga pcrc qul mc pradubboòk sofuolrc su bursa, pmcktlckda kulvas dlsceàas c mc kar`ctovodcd l`ckcdc dl mc AOT9 2) Ldubcboòk7 mc susplksoòk dl mcs cbtovodcdls ldubctovcs prlslkbocmls lk tada `ukda ahmofò c dablktls y lstudocktls c trcsmcdcr chruptc`lktl trchcga c mcs lmpmctcear`cs dofotcmls, bak lm cba`pcóc`olkta dl mc \KLRBA9 4)suDlpartl7
lkbaktrc`as qul, cdl`ãs dlm cpaya dlm BAO y mc EOEC c mcs bc`pcócs `ldoãtobcs dl mc A@R, dlhoda c mc susplksoòk dl lvlktas, mcs okstotuboakls dlpartovcs rlburrolrak cm lktarka dofotcm, y mas l-sparts l`lrfolrak ba`a cmtlrkctovc. Lmlfo`as lstudocr lm pcplm dl mcs arfckozcboakls oktlrkcboakcmls bmcvl lk lm `cklga dl mc pckdl`oc par su o`pcbta lk mc l`lrflkboc dl mc saboldcd dlm bakabo`olkta. Lk bakbmusoòk, lkbaktrc`as qul mc l`lrflkboc dl mc saboldcd dlm bakabo`olkta dlrovcdc dl mc brosos sckotcroc pravlkolktl dlm BAUOD-3? sustotuyl ukc fc`c dl cbtovodcdls pradubtovcs trcdoboakcmls qul, par su prapoc dokã`obc, quldck bakdlkcdcs c dlscpcrlblr lk lm `ldocka pmcza. Oktradubboòk C ma mcrfa dlm pro`lr sl`lstrl dl 8>8> sl o`pml`lktcrak `ldodcs dl dostckboc`olkta eàsoba lk tada lm `ukda c bcusc dl mc pckdl`oc dl BAUOD-3?. Lstl elkò`lka `ukdocm dl dostckboc`olkta eàsoba sl jc bakaboda ba`a lm Frlct Mabidawk a Frck Bakkc`olkta,
lm bucm baksostl lk lstckbocs ahmofctarocs lk bcsc par sl`ckcs, susplksoòk dl bmcsls prlslkbocmls lk blktras ldubctovas dl tadas mas kovlmls, bolrrl dl pcrquls y blktras ba`lrbocmls, lm pcra pcrbocm dl cbtovodcdls pradubtovcs ka lslkbocmls pcrc mc vodc, csà ba`a uk erlka c mc `avomodcd oktlrkcboakcm (@ïkdlz, 8>8>, pãfs. 8>1 Crfu`lktc`as qul lm Frck Bakkc`olkta flklrcda par lm BAUOD-3? sl bakvortoò lk uk bctcmozcdar pcrc mc baksamodcboòk dl mc saboldcd dlm bakabo`olkta (Drubilr, 3?5?9 Hõj`l & Rtljr, 3?:59 @ckslmm & Vljk, 3??:9 \KLRBA, 8>>8>)9 8) L`pmla7 lm Frck Bakkc`olkta o`pmobò lm `cyar lxplro`lkta dl tlmltrchcga dl tadc mc jostaroc. Mc kar`cmozcboòk dl lstl bc`hoa pcrcdof`ãtoba pmcktlò slroas dlsceàas c tadas mas pcàsls, dl cjà qul mc Arfckozcboòk Oktlrkcboakcm dlm Trchcga (AOT) jc cba`pcócda y cslsarcda lm prablsa9 2) Ldubcboòk7 mc susplksoòk abocm dl mcs cbtovodcdls prlslkbocmls lk tada lm `ukda ahmofò masl-mlcrkokf dablktls ay cprlkdozcgl cmu`kas c baktokucr mc prãbtobc dl lkslóckzc y cprlkdozcgl c trcvïscdlm dofotcm,, solkda mc Arfckozcboòk dl mcs Kcboakls \kodcs pcrc mc Ldubcboòk, mc Bolkboc y dofotcm mc Bumturc (\KLRBA) mc qul jc arolktcda y dcda pcutcs c mas pcàsls lk mc h÷squldc dl
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lstrctlfocs ldubctovcs cmtlrkctovcs9 4) Dlpartl7 mcs prokbopcmls okstotuboakls dlpartovcs3, ba`a lm Ba`otï Amà`poba Oktlrkcboakcm (BAO) y mc Eïdïrctoak Oktlrkctoakcml dl Eaathcmm Cssaboctoak (EOEC), ka sòma ukqul, cpaya eukdc`lktcm c mcs bc`pcócs dl okear`cboòk dlspmlfcdcs parhrokdcrak mc A@R, soka dlhoda c mc susplksoòk susplkso òk dl cbtovodcdls rlbrlctovcs y lvlktas dlpartovas, mcs cbtovodcdls dlpartovcs sl vamvolrak cm lktarka dofotcm, plr`otolkda qul mas l-sparts tuvolrck ukc vosohomodcd y uk o`pcbta qul kukbc cktls jchàck doserutcda. ^crc vlrobcr a rleutcr kulstrcs crfu`lktcboakls, jl`as arfckozcda lstl dabu`lkta lk slos pcrtls. Lk pro`lr mufcr, aerlbl`as uk ckãmosos tlòroba sahrl lm pcplm dl mcs AO lk mc pradubboòk y flstoòk dlm bakabo`olkta. Lk lm slfukda, dlsbroho`as cmfukas csplbtas dl mc pckdl`oc qul kas plr`otlk ahslrvcr lm cpaya sok prlbldlktls qul hrokdck mcs tlbkamafàcs y mcs rldls sabocmls pcrc qul mc A@R puldc mmlvcr c bcha su mchar dl katobcboòk, prlvlkboòk y baktram dlm BAUOD-3?. Ba`a rlsumtcda dl mcs `ldodcs dl dostckboc`olkta eàsoba, lk lm tlrblr cpcrtcda ckcmozc`as lm o`pcbta dlm Frck Bakkc`olkta lk vcroas slbtarls dl mc lbaka`àc, mc rlmlvckboc dlm tlmltrchcga y lm pcplm dl mc AOT lk lstl kulva lsblkcroa mcharcm. ^ar trctcrsl dl ukc cbtovodcd eukdc`lktcm lk lm eukboakc`olkta dl mc lbaka`àc y lk mc bakstrubboòk dl mc saboldcd dlm bakabo`olkta, lk lm bucrta cpcrtcda lxc`okc`as mc chruptc trcksoboòk dl mc lkslóckzc trcdoboakcm cm l-mlcrkokf l-mlcrkokf,, csà ba`a mcs cbboakls baardokcdcs par mc \KLRBA pcrc fcrcktozcr mc baktokuodcd dl mc ldubcboòk lk lm `ukda. Lk mc quoktc pcrtl, lxpmobc`as lm pcplm gufcda par lm BAO y mc EOEC durcktl lm Frck Bakkc`olkta, bò`a mc saboldcd dlm bakabo`olkta sl okvamubrc lk lm slbtar dlpartova y mcs apartukodcdls qul sl flklrck pcrc mc praylbboòk oktlrkcboakcm dl mas l-sparts. Lk mc ÷mto`c slbboòk, prlslktc`as kulstras jcmmczfas y bakbmusoakls. Bchl slócmcr qul lmlfo`as `ltadamòfobc`lktl tl`cs y AO pcrcdof`ãtobcs qul kas plr`otlk lxpmobcr mc l`lrflkboc dl mc saboldcd dlm bakabo`olkta, dl tcm sulrtl qul mas jcmmczfas sorvck ba`a cktlbldlktl pcrc euturcs okvlstofcboakls lk lstcs ãrlcs. Arfckozcboakls oktlrkcboakcmls ba`a pradubtarcs y flstarcs dl bakabo`olkta bolktàba Dlsdl mcs doelrlktls plrsplbtovcs tlòrobcs dl Xlmcboakls Oktlrkcboakcmls -ba`a sak lm okstotuboakcmos`a, mc tlaràc dl mas rlfà`lkls oktlrkcboakcmls y lm bakstrubtovos`a-
uka dl mas dlhctls bmcvl rcdobc lk so mcs AO sak pradubta dl mas oktlrlsls dl mas Lstcdas a, `ãs holk, so sus rlsumtcdas bc`hock lm ba`partc`olkta dl mas Lstcdas. Mcs AO sak csabocboakls vamuktcrocs dl Lstcdas qul sl brlcrak `ldocktl trctcdas oktlrkcboakcmls, bulktck bak òrfckas plr`cklktls dl flstoòk dl oktlrlsls bamlbtovas, tolklk plrsakcmodcd guràdobc prapoc doelrlktl c mc dl mas `ol`hras qul mcs oktlfrck y
3 Mcs arfckozcboakls dlpartovcs sak lktodcdls provcdcs, ka fuhlrkc`lktcmls y sok kls dl mubra. Mcs Kcboakls \kodcs rlbakabolrak lk 8>34 mc cutaka`àc dlm dlpartl, su klutrcmodcd pamàtobc y mc cutarodcd dlm BAO ba`a mc eulrzc prokbopcm dlm @avo`olkta Amà`poba (OAB, 8>34). Lsta o`pmobc uk rlbjcza dl ecbta dl ecbta dl mas cbtarls pamàtobas ka sama pcrc baktramcr mcs rlfmcs y prabldo`olktas dlpartovas, dlpartovas, soka tc`hoïk pcrc brlcr sus prapoas lvlktas dlpartovas qul dlsccràck lm ardlk dlpartova oktlrkcboakcm. 4<
sl roflk par lm Dlrlbja Oktlrkcboakcm (Ckdrllv, 8>>6). Lk lstl slktoda, mcs AO tolklk trls topas dl ecbltcs, yc qul sak cbtarls, jlrrc`olktcs y earas. Ba`a cbtarls ukotcroas, mcs AO sl ba`partck dl `cklrc so`omcr c mas faholrkas kcboakcmls, yc qul lstãk ba`pulstcs par vcroas cbtarls, arfckos`as y cflkbocs qul cbt÷ck bamlbtovc`lktl (Jurd, 8>33, pãf. ?9 Frcjc`, 8>34, pãfs. 25:-25?). Ba`a jlrrc`olktcs, mcs OA sak `ldocdarcs a ãrhotras lk bakobtas lktrl pcrtls. Lk lstl slktoda, cdl`ãs dl cprahcr pratabamas dl slfurodcd y bakabo`olktas lsplbocmozcdas bak vcmar cfrlfcda qul mlfoto`lk y cyudlk c mc ta`c dl dlbosoakls dl atras cbtarls, mcs OA o`pml`lktck rlfumcboakls lk ear`c dl mlyls, bakvlkboakls y dlbmcrcboakls baksultudokcrocs oktlrkcboakcmls (Jckslk, @bMcufjmok, & Kl`ltj, 8>>:9 Mukdfrlk & Rvlkssak, 8>34). Lk su bcmodcd dl jlrrc`olktcs, mcs AO atarfck mlfoto`odcd cm suglta qul sl cpayc lk lmmcs pcrc cpuktcmcr ukc okoboctovc a cbboòk bamlbtovc9 mcs rlsamuboakls dl mc Bartl Oktlrkcboakcm dl Gustoboc a lm òrfcka dl samuboòk dl baktravlrsocs dl mc Arfckozcboòk @ukdocm dlm Ba`lrboa (A@B) sak jlrrc`olktcs guràdobcs qul mlfoto`ck mc samuboòk uk prahml`c oktlrkcboakcm (Jurd, 8>33, pãf. 38). ^ar`ol`hras ^ar su pcrtl, ba`a earas, mcs AO sakdl÷tomls pcrc ecbomotcr mcs klfabocboakls homctlrcmls lktrl y pcrc qul sl ckukbolk pamàtobcs, sl dlkukbolk voamcboakls a cfrlsoakls y sl pra`ulvck prokbopoas ukovlrscmls, dlhoda c qul tolklk uk o`partcktl o`pcbta `ldoãtoba (Ckdrllv, 8>>6). Dcda qul mcs AO tolklk su prapoc okerclstrubturc y prabldo`olktas pcrc arfckozcr bakelrlkbocs plroòdobcs bak cflkdcs bmcrc`lktl dlkodcs, mas `ol`hras dl mcs AO bakeàck lk sus pmctcear`cs pcrc sabocmozcr sus oktlrlsls, bakabo`olktas y pasoboakls (Jurd, 8>33, pãf. 33). Lstcs trls eukboakls ka sak `utuc`lktl lxbmuylktls, soka qul aplrck so`umtãklc`lktl. Frcbocs c dobjc kcturcmlzc, mcs AO jck baktrohuoda cm dlscrramma dl mc saboldcd dlm bakabo`olkta, ls dlbor, cm cvckbl dl saboldcdls qul tolklk mcs ”bcpcbodcdls pcrc odlktobcr, pradubor, prablscr, trcksear`cr, doeukdor y utomozcr mc okear`cboòk pcrc bakstruor y cpmobcr lm bakabo`olkta pcrc lm dlscrramma ju`cka‐ (\KLRBA, 8>>2, pãf. 2). Durcktl lm Frck Bakkc`olkta, mcs AO eulrak cbtarls lstrctïfobas qul pra`avolrak lm cbblsa c mc okear`cboòk, hrokdcrak ukc hcsl ba`÷k pcrc mc sabocmozcboòk dlm bakabo`olkta y doslócrak pamàtobcs qul pcrc ukc `lgar plrblpboòk dl mc pckdl`oc, cr`ckda bak lmma qul ”mcs arfckozcboakls oktlrkcboakcmls lk flklrcm sl jck bakvlrtoda lk uk o`partcktl kovlm kavldasa dl pradubboòk dl okvlstofcboòk‐ (Wcpp, 8>3:, pãf. ?)9 csà ma omustrc`as lk mc Eofurc 3.
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Eofurc 3. Mcs AO y mc l`lrflkboc dl mc saboldcd dlm bakabo`olkta pcrc ctlkdlr mas csuktas proarotcroas
Eulktl7 lmcharcboòk prapoc,8>8>. Bchl ckatcr qul mc saboldcd dlm bakabo`olkta tolkl ba`a bucmodcd slr ukc lstrubturcboòk qul plr`otl c mas slrls ju`ckas okbrl`lktcr sus pasohomodcdls pcrc mc ta`c dl dlbosoakls lk rlmcboòk bak mcs prahml`ãtobcs qul lkerlktck (Okklrcroty, 8>33). Lk lstl slktoda, sl trctc dl mc ba`ukobcboòk dl sofkobcdas `ldocktl lm oktlrbc`hoa dl okear`cboòk (Bcstlmms, 8>>?, pãf. :6). Ls par lmma qul, okear`cr sl bakvolrtl lk ukc cbtovodcd `ldocktl mc bucm sl trcks`otl bakabo`olkta (@cttlmcrt, ba`a 8>>6, pãf. 68). eukdc`lktcm Dl lstc `cklrc, sl puldl ba`prlkdlr mc lm flstoòk dlm bakabo`olkta cmfa `ãs qul mc lmcharcboòk dl dctas l oktlrbc`hoa dl okear`cboòk9 ls lm doslóa y mc bakblptucmozcboòk c trcvïs dl okstru`lktas, prabldo`olktas y pratabamas qul sak trcksear`cdas lk bakabo`olktas, pcrc qul slck prablscdas, ba`pcrcdas y sabocmozcdas, ma qul rllstrubturc y rlear`umc prãbtobcs, rutokcs y ba`partc`olktas (Emarodo, 8>3?9 Okklrcroty, 8>33). Mc pro`lrc pckdl`oc lk rldls sabocmls
Lk su pcplm ba`a mc arfckozcboòk oktlrkcboakcm dl scmud `ãs o`partcktl dlm `ukda, dlsdl su eukdcboòk lk 3?4:, mc A@R jc puhmobcda trls dabu`lktas blktrcmls qul ba`pomck sus prokbopcmls jcmmczfas dl okvlstofcboòk, hcscdas lk mc ahslrvcboòk dl mas suhtopas dl okulkzc pckdï`obc qul jostòrobc`lktl jck celbtcda `ãs c mc pahmcboòk `ukdocm7 3) ”^mck dl okulkzc pckdï`obc7 lm pcplm dl mc A@R y dorlbtrobls pcrc mc pmckobcboòk kcboakcm y rlfoakcm‐ (VJA, 3???)9 8) ”^mck `ukdocm dl mc A@R pcrc mc 46
prlpcrcboòk baktrc mc okulkzc‐ (VJA, 8>>38). Ro holk mc A@R jc hrokdcda samuboakls c prahml`cs ba`ukls lk doelrlktls pcàsls y jc cbtucda ba`a eara dl sabocmozcboòk dlm bakabo`olkta rlmcboakcda bak mc scmud p÷hmobc dlsdl sus okoboas, lm dlsceàa cm qul sl lkerlktò lk 8>8> cktl mc kulvc klu`akàc rlsumtò uka dl mas `ãs ba`pmlgas lk su jostaroc. Cukqul ïstc ka ls mc pro`lrc pckdl`oc dlm sofma ZZO, BAUOD-3? sl bakvortoò lk mc pro`lrc lk mc jostaroc lk slr katobcdc y cmlrtcdc c trcvïs dl mcs rldls sabocmls c mc pcr dl mas `ldoas trcdoboakcmls mc rcdoa y mc tlmlvosoòk. Bchl slócmcr qul c durcktl mas pro`lras `a`lktas dl mc pckdl`oc bahrò `cyar o`partckboc mc sabocmozcboòk y dl`abrctozcboòk dlm bakabo`olkta pcrc mubjcr baktrc mc pckdl`oc. ^crc lmma, mc A@R ba`lkzò c jcblr uk usa lxtlksova dl mcs rldls sabocmls `ãs papumcrls dlm `ukda, lsplbocm`lktl VlBjct, SS, Twottlr, Ecblhaai, Okstcfrc` _auTuhl, pcrcdlkatobcr cmcr`cktl sotucboòk. Dl dlm `cklrc so`umtãklc, mas dàcs 38 yy 32 dl elhrlra 8>8>, lklstc rlspulstc c mc bakvabctaroc Dorlbtar Flklrcm dl mc A@R, sl blmlhrò uk eara `umtodosbopmokcroa lk Foklhrc, Ruozc, lk bamcharcboòk bak Fmahcm Xlslcrbj Bammcharctoak ear Okelbtoaus Doslcsl ^rlpcrldklss ^rlpcrldklss (Fma^OD-X) y dovlrscs lktodcdls kckbocdarcs dl mc okvlstofcboòk, bak lm ahgltova dl cpaycr mcs okvlstofcboakls sahrl mc kulvc lkelr`ldcd, dltlbtcr mcs mcfukcs lxostlktls y kckbocr okvlstofcboakls proarotcrocs pcrc erlkcr lm BAUOD-3? (VJA, 8>8>c). Frcbocs cm slfuo`olkta y ckãmosos dl BAUOD-3?, mc A@R dlbodoò lm 33 dl `crza dl 8>8> dlbmcrcr lstc lkelr`ldcd ba`a pckdl`oc. Cukqul mc A@R ka tolkl mc cutarodcd pcrc cbtucr dlktra dl mas pcàsls, su bcpcbodcd tïbkobc lsplbocmozcdc ml atarfò mc ecbumtcd pcrc suflror mc o`pml`lktcboòk dl bucrlktlkcs a `ldodcs dl dostckboc`olkta eàsoba c k dl rldubor mc trcks`osoòk dl plrsakc c plrsakc dlm vorus (VJA, 8>8>h). ^crc cpaycr mcs `ldodcs dl dostckboc`olkta eàsoba y bakkc`olkta rlba`lkdcdcs par mc A@R, mcs tlbkamafàcs gufcrak uk pcplm bmcvl lk mcs cbtovodcdls ju`ckcs, ba`a par lgl`pma lk pcfas dofotcmls, vodlabakelrlkbocs, cpmobcboakls l`prlscrocmls `òvomls, flstoòk dl rlmcboakls bak bmolktls l, okbmusa, pcrc mc ba`prc dl cmo`lktas, `ldobc`lktas a pradubtas sckotcroas (VJA, 8>8>b). Lelbtovc`lktl, mc pradubboòk y flstoòk dlm bakabo`olkta sl vamvolrak lstrctïfobas durcktl lm Frck Bakkc`olkta pcrc lvotcr qul mcs cbtovodcdls ju`ckcs lslkbocmls sl dltuvolrck par ba`pmlta. C kovlm `ukdocm, sl pmcktlò mc o`partckboc dl mc tlmlscmud9 c kovlm kcboakcm, mas pcàsls o`pml`lktcrak doelrlktls cbboakls lk buckta cm usa dl jlrrc`olktcs tlbkamòfobcs sl rllrl, pcrc dltlbtcr y ba`hctor mc pckdl`oc
dl BAUOD-3?. Lk mufcrls ba`a Barlc dlm Rur, Rokfcpur, Bjokc, Gcpòk, ^amakoc, Osrclm yprapcfcboòk Cml`ckoc, mas tïbkoba-bolktàbas jcky soda poldrc ckfumcr baktlklr mc dlmcpartls vorus y rldubor su `artcmodcd mltcmodcd (Hlmm, 8>8>).pcrc Lk pcàsls ba`a Lstcdas \kodas, Otcmoc, Lspcóc, Hrcsom y Xloka \koda, lstas okstru`lktas tc`hoïk eulrak 4:
utomozcda lk ba`hokcboòk bak atrcs `ldodcs, plra sok lm `os`a ïxota. Rok l`hcrfa, lm tl`c dlm cpaya tlbkamòfoba y dlm usa dl okear`cboòk plrsakcm pcrc rlsamvlr ukc brosos ba`a ïstc tc`hoïk jc flklrcda dlhctls y prlabupcboakls sahrl sus lxtlrkcmodcdls ka oktlkboakcdcs. ^crc cmfukas lsplbocmostcs, lsplbocmostcs, mas dctas dofotcmls dl scmud sl lkbulktrck lktrl mc okear`cboòk `ãs slksohml qul sl dlhl cd`okostrcr y pratlflr lk ecvar dl mas okdovoduas (Botrak & Kfcr`haakckckt, 8>8>). Lsta sl dlhl c qul sl puldlk rlvlmcr prlelrlkbocs àkto`cs, jãhotas plrsakcmls, bakdoboakls dl vumklrchomodcd, ba`arhomodcdls y, par tckta, flklrcr lstof`cs sabocmls y celbtcboakls bamctlrcmls (Botrak & Kfcr`haakckckt, 8>8>). Bak hcsl lk lsta, mc cktrapòmafc Dckyc Fmchcu sastolkl qul mcs jlrrc`olktcs dl scmud dofotcm, so holk pra`ltlk rlsamvlr mas prlguoboas rcbocmls y dl fïklra lk lm cbblsa c mc scmud, lstãk pradubolkda lm lelbta baktrcroa (Fmchcu, 8>8>) y padràck bakdubor c ukc cpmobcboòk dl `lbckos`as dl baktram c trcvïs dlm lktrlbruzc`olkta dl dctas, brlckda ukc okstckboc dl vofomckboc hoa`ïtrobc cmtc`lktl prlbosc y padlrasc (Jcrcro, 8>8>9 Fmchcu, 8>8>9 Hlkgc`ok, 8>3?9 Hrawkl, 8>3>2), y atrc pcrc mc bucm mcs jlrrc`olktcs tlbkamòfobcs sak crtlecbtas klutrcmls suhardokcdas c mas dlslas dl mcs plrsakcs qul mas utomozck (Xàas, 8>32). Lsta jc soda lsplbocm`lktl rlmlvcktl lk lm ã`hota mcharcm. Lm cóa 8>8> rlprlslktc uk jota lk mc jostaroc rlbolktl ka sama par mc lkar`l bcktodcd dl okelbboakls y mc pïrdodc dl bolktas dl `omls dl vodcs, soka tc`hoïk par mcs bakslbulkbocs `umtoslbtarocmls lk mc lbaka`àc `ukdocm7 slf÷k lm Eakda @akltcroa Oktlrkcboakcm (E@O), ”ls `uy prahchml qul lstl cóa mc lbaka`àc `ukdocm lxplro`lktl su plar rlblsoòk dlsdl mc Frck Dlprlsoòk, suplrckda mc qul sl voa durcktl mc brosos kckbolrc `ukdocm jcbl ukc dïbcdc‐ (O@E, 8>8>c, pãf. U). Dl cbulrda bak mcs praylbboakls dlm E@O, lm 8>8> sl bakvortoò lk lm cóa lk qul tadcs mcs lbaka`àcs dlm `ukda dlbrlbolrak, tcm ba`a puldl cprlbocrsl lk mc furc 8.
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Eofurc 8. ^raylbboakls dl brlbo`olkta lbakò`oba lk lm `ukda, 8>3?-8>83 (^OH rlcm, vcrocboòk parblktucm ckucm) ^raylbboakls dl brlbo`olkta lbakò`oba lk lm `ukda, 8>3?-8>83 (^OH rlcm, vcrocboòk parblktucm ckucm) 3>
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Eulktl7 (O@E, 8>8>h) Eulktl7 Mas slbtarls pro`croa y slbukdcroa sl volrak eulrtl`lktl celbtcdas. Lk lm slbtar tlrbocroa, lm Frck Bakkc`olkta tuva uk o`pcbta `uy doelrlkbocda7 par uk mcda, mas lvlktas dlpartovas, bokls, tlctras, rlstcurcktls, hcrls, blktras ba`lrbocmls y, sahrl tada, mas slrvoboas dl trckspartl cïrla turàstoba y bovom, tadas tuvolrak ukc drãstobc bcàdc qul crrcstrò mcs hamscs dl vcmarls dl tada lm `ukda (Futoïrrlz, 8>8>)9 par atra mcda, cqulmmcs cbtovodcdls qul padàck prlsbokdor dl mc prlslkboc eàsobc lk lm mufcr dl trchcga, ls dlbor, slrvoboas qul pudolrak slr aerlbodas dl ear`c rl`atc, baktokucrak aplrckda bak `lkar o`pcbta, dl tcm ear`c qul lm trcsmcda dl mc abokc prlslkbocm c ukc ”abokc lk bcsc‐ b csc‐ plr`otoò mc suplrvovlkboc dl `ubjcs l`prlscs. Rok pcscr par cmta mc frck lxblpboòk dl mcs tolkdcs hãsobcs y ecr`cbocs, sl puldl dlbor qul lm Frck Bakkc`olkta flklrò, lk cplkcs uk pcr dl `lsls, ukc kulvc dovosoòk dlm trchcga ecvarlbolkda cqulmmcs cbtovodcdls qul ka rlquolrlk prlslkboc lk lm mufcr dl trchcga y bakdlkckda c cqulmmcs qul ma klblsotck. Lk atras tïr`okas, lm Frck Bakkc`olkta dlslkbcdlkò ukc rlvamuboòk dlm tlmltrchcga lk lm slbtar dl slrvoboas, cblmlrckda prablsas qul tck sòma jchàck soda trctcdas tlòrobc`lktl. Rckdrc Gakls lsbrohoò cmfukas cóas ctrãs qul, ”c `ldodc qul mas bo`olktas dl kulstrc lbaka`àc bc`hock dl ukc okdustrocm c ukc hcscdc lk lm bakabo`olkta, tc`hoïk bc`hock mc kcturcmlzc y mc ear`c dlm trchcga y mc ear`c dl mc rlmcboòk mcharcm. Lm trchcga sl lstã vamvolkda `lkas eukboakcm y lstrubturcda lk sus tcrlcs, `lkas dltlr`okcda moklcm`lktl‐ (Gakls, 8>>4, pãf. 3:). Lelbtovc`lktl, mcs `ldodcs dl bakkc`olkta o`pml`lktcs par BA BAUOD-3? UOD-3? jc celbtcda praeukdc`lktl lm `ukda dlm y cblmlrckda b c`hoas bc`hoas lk lm tlmltrchcga. Ka ahstcktl, slócmcr qultrchcga lm tlmltrchcga, pcrc slr baksodlrcda ba`a tcm, dlhl b u`pmorls bu`pmor cm o`partcktl `lkas trls
bakdoboakls7 3) lm usa dl tlbkamafàcs dl mc okear`cboòk y mcs ba`ukobcboakls (TOB)9 8) mcs TOB sak lsplbocm`lktl utomozcdcs eulrc dlm mufcr dl trchcga eàsoba lstopumcda pcrc lm l`pmlcda9 y 2) mcs TOB sak utomozcdcs pcrc lm dlsl`plóa mcharcm. Lm usa dl mcs TOB lk lm mufcr dl trchcga durcktl lm Frck Bakkc`olkta jc flklrcda kulvas dlhctls y jc pmcktlcda dlsceàas mcs lk cutarodcdls ba`a oktlrkcboakcmls. Bolrtc`lktl, lm usa dl mcs cTOB lm trchcgatckta ka lskcboakcmls uk tl`c kulva, plra mc pckdl`oc par BAUOD-3? jc pulsta c prulhc mcs plrsplbtovcs y mas docfkòstobas dl mc AOT bak rlsplbta cm tlmltrchcga yc qul, ”jcstc mc elbjc, ka sl jc cdaptcda uk bakvlkoa qul sl rllrc lsplbàbc`lktl cm trchcga c dostckboc y cm tlmltrchcga‐ (OMA, 8>8>c, pãf. 35). C plscr dl mc ecmtc dl rlfmc`lktcboòk lk `ctlroc dl tlmltrchcga, slf÷k mc AOT, `ãxo`c cutarodcd oktlrkcboakcm lk `ctlroc mcharcm, lxostlk yc cmfukas cktlbldlktls cm rlsplbta. Lk lm lstudoa ”Trchcgcr lk bucmquolr `a`lkta y lk bucmquolr mufcr7 mas lelbtas lk lm `ukda dlm trchcga‐, mc AOT rlbakaboò qul mc kulvc okdlplkdlkboc lspcbocm dl mcs TOB jchàc trcksear`cda lm lktarka dlm trchcga, aerlbolkda csà kulvcs apartukodcdls, plra tc`hoïk dlsceàas (OMA & Luraeaukd, 8>36). @ãs cdlmcktl, lk lm okear`l ”^lrsplbtovcs sabocmls y dlm l`pmla lk lm `ukda7 Tlkdlkbocs 8>8>‐, lstc AO dlstcbò qul cqulmmas trchcgcdarls bak jchomodcdls lk mc flstoòk dl mcs TOB lstcràck lk `lgarls bakdoboakls dl suplrcr mcs cdvlrsodcdls mcharcmls, ba`a lm dlsl`pmla, mc suhutomozcboòk, mc dlsofucmdcd dl okfrlsas y mc lxbmusoòk dlm trchcga dlblktl (OMA, 8>8>h). Csà, lk uk baktlxta bcrcbtlrozcda par mc o`pml`lktcboòk `csovc dl `ldodcs dlstokcdcs c bakkcr c mcs plrsakcs lk sus jafcrls y bckblmcr tcrlcs ka lslkbocmls, mcs dorlbtrobls dl mc AOT sahrl tlmltrchcga sl jck bakvlrtoda lk eukdc`lktcmls, c tcm frcda qul dobjc arfckozcboòk puhmobò mc fuàc ”Lm tlmltrchcga durcktl mc pckdl`oc dl BAUOD-3? y dlspuïs dl lmmc‐, bak ahgltova dl aerlblr rlba`lkdcboakls prãbtobcs, arolktcr c mas rlspakschmls dl ear`umcboòk dl pamàtobcs y doslócr `crbas lxohmls pcrc qul mcs l`prlscs puldck cbtucmozcr sus tlmltrchcga prãbtobcs dlka tlmltrchcga puls, AOT baksodlrc pasohml ”qul mc c`pmocboòk dlm usa dlm tlr`okl bak mc mc pckdl`oc, soka qul pcsl c ear`cr pcrtl dl mc ‚kulvc y `lgar kar`cmodcd‟ lk mas cóas vlkodlras, bak lm cpaya dl mc dofotcmozcboòk, mc ba`ukobcboòk cvckzcdc y mcs tlbkamafàcs dl kuhl‐ (OMA, 8>8>b, pãf. 4). Bak lm Frck Bakkc`olkta sl jc okobocda ukc kulvc lrc lk lm tlmltrchcga. L-mlcrkokf durcktl lm Frck Bakkc`olkta7 uk pcsa cdlmcktl Ba`a pcrtl dl mcs lstrctlfocs baktrc lm BAUOD-3?, mas faholrkas dl `ubjas pcàsls dlbodolrak blrrcr tl`parcm`lktl mcs okstotuboakls ldubctovcs durcktl lm slfukda tro`lstrl dl 8>8> pcrc baktrohuor bak lmma c baktlklr mc prapcfcboòk dl mc pckdl`oc. Rlf÷k dctas dl mc \KLRBA, \KL RBA, 38>> `ommakls dl lstudocktls sl volrak celbtcdas lk tada lm `ukda, ma qul rlprlslktc 5:% dlm tatcm dl `ctrobumcdas y bolrrls c kovlm kcboakcm 8>c). Lk lstl baktlxta, mc \KLRBA baardokò cbboakls pcrc `otofcr lm o`pcbta klfctova dlm ok`ldocta bolrrl dl lsbulmcs, pcrtobumcr`lktl lk mcs ba`ukodcdls `ãs vumklrchmls y dlsecvarlbodcs, y pcrc ecbomotcr mc baktokuodcd dl mc ldubcboòk c trcvïs dlm l-mlcrkokf a cprlkdozcgl dofotcm. Cdl`ãs dl rlspcmdcr mcs suflrlkbocs dl mc A@R lk buckta qul mas sostl`cs ldubctovas kcboakcmls dlhlk pra`avlr lstrctlfocs dl cutabuodcda, mc \KLRBA suforoò dlscrrammcr `ïtadas okkavcdarls dl cpaya c mas dablktls, ba`a lm dlscrramma praelsoakcm lk màklc y lm cslsarc`olkta c trcvïs dl pmctcear`cs dofotcmls, csà ba`a cu`lktcr mcs okvlrsoakls lk okerclstrubturc qul patlkbol lm l-mlcrkokf pcrc prlpcrcr c mc ba`ukodcd lstudocktom pcrc euturas bolrrls dl lsbulmcs. Tc`hoïk, lk uk lvlkta sok prlbldlktls, mc \KLRBA modlrò mc dlka`okcdc ”Fmahcm Ldubctoak Bacmotoak‐ buya ahgltova jc soda aerlblr apboakls dl cprlkdozcgl okbmusova c mc ba`ukodcd lstudocktom durcktl lm Frck Bakkc`olkta. Lm ahgltova ba`÷k dl mcs cflkbocs dl Kcboakls \kodcs, lm slbtar provcda, rlprlslktcktls dl mc saboldcd bovom y atras cbtarls oktlrkcboakcmls qul ear`ck pcrtl dl lstc bacmoboòk, jc soda mc pra`aboòk dl okvlrsoakls lk ldubcboòk c dostckboc pcrc `otofcr mc oktlrrupboòk ok`ldoctc pravabcdc parlxohmls BAUOD-3? y lstchmlblr lkeaquls pcrcprovcda dlscrrammcr sostl`cs ldubctovas `ãs ldubctovas `ãs y cholrtas. Lktrl kulvas mas cbtarls dlm slbtar qul ear`ck pcrtl dl lstc bacmoboòk, lkbaktrc`as csabocboakls ba`a Ldubctoak Bckkat Vcot, Varmd Eaad ^rafrc`, Ba``akwlcmtj ae Mlcrkokf, @obrasaet, Vlodakf, Faafml, Ecblhaai, C`czak, Baurslrc, Ijck Cbcdl`y, ^raeutura, HHB Haai Cmmockbl y Waa`, Waa`, lktrl atras. \k csplbta pcrc dlstcbcr dl lstc Bacmoboòk ls qul mcs jlrrc`olktcs y mas slrvoboas dl cpaya qul sl hrokdck c mas pcàsls pcrc c`pmocr mcs apartukodcdls ldubctovcs durcktl lm Frck Bakkc`olkta sak frctuotas. Csà, mc frctuodcd jc soda mc bmcvl pcrc doeukdor lstc cyudc (\KLRBA, 8>8>h). Lk lstc baktokflkboc sl jck utomozcda doelrlktls jlrrc`olktcs pcrc mc baktokuodcd dl mc dablkboc lk lm lspcboa vortucm ba`a vodlabakelrlkbocs, tutaràcs vortucmls, saetwcrl dl cprlkdozcgl akmokl, cpmobcboakls dl cprlkdozcgl, `ctràbumcs pcrc `cssovl aplk akmokl baursls (@AAB) baursls (@AAB) y bursas oktlksovas arolktcdas cm `lrbcda mcharcm (haatbc`p (haatbc`p). ). ^ar lgl`pma, lk mc Okdoc, mc pmctcear`c dl cprlkdozcgl lk màklc dl H_G\ rlpartò uk cu`lkta dlm 3% lk mc bcktodcd dl usucroas (Tjl To`ls ae Okdoc, 8>8>). Tc`hoïk lstã lm bcsa dl Bjokc qul okstruyò mc trcksoboòk dl sus cmu`kas c mc pmctcear`c Tlkblkt Bmcssraa`, ma bucm puldl slr baksodlrcda ba`a ”lm `cyar ‚`avo`olkta akmokl‟ dl mc jostaroc dl mc ldubcboòk‐ ld ubcboòk‐ (Mo & Mcmcko, 8>8>). Ba`a slócmc`as cktlroar`lktl, dlm BA BAUOD-3? UOD-3? rlsumtò lm Frck Bakkc`olkta, y ïstl sl trcduga lk mc drãstobc trckselrlkboc dl mcs cbtovodcdls lsbamcrls lk lm cumc cm l-mlcrkokf7 bcso 3,2>> `ommakls dl lstudocktls lk 3:5 pcàsls jck utomozcda mc tlbkamafàc ba`a jlrrc`olktc pcrc baktokucr su prablsa dl cprlkdozcgl (Mo & Mcmcko, 8>8>). Cukqul mc cdapboòk dl mc tlbkamafàc lk mc ldubcboòk ls cktlroar, lm l-mlcrkokf
8>). C pcrtor dlcktlroar lsta, slblktrcda lkectozclk qul mas `adlmas ldubctovas qul sl cpayck lk lm usa oktlksova dl tlbkamafàcs plr`otlk uk cprlkdozcgl `ãs lbolktl y plrsakcmozcda (Lsbc`ommc, 8>3?). Cktl lstc kulvc lxplrolkboc, mc lxpcksoòk dl cmfukcs jlrrc`olktcs ba`a mc oktlmoflkboc crtobocm y mc rlcmodcd cu`lktcdc puldlk lkroqulblr mc lxplrolkboc dlm l-mlcrkokf, ma qul cyudcràc c doeukdor y brlcr uk lktarka dl ba`pltlkbocs trcksvlrscmls y `umtodosbopmokcrls òpto`cs pcrc ceraktcr uk baktlxta qul dl`ckdc `cyar vlrsctomodcd y lxohomodcd. Rok l`hcrfa, slrã uk rlta frckdl f rckdl pcrc mc \KLRBA y mas pcàsls qul mc oktlfrck, brlcr lstl kulva `adlma ldubctova dofotcm y cm `os`a blrrcr mc hrlbjc lk lstl ã`hota. Mc pulstc lk lsblkc dl mas l-sparts bak lm Frck Bakkc`olkta Lm dlpartl tc`hoïk sl voa celbtcda par mc pckdl`oc dl BAUOD-3?. Tlkolkda Tlkolkda lk bulktc qul lm dlpartl tolkl ukc bcpcbodcd okofucmchml dl doeusoòk y slksohomozcboòk sahrl tl`cs fmahcmls, ka rlsumtc lxtrcóa qul, lk lstl baktlxta, okstotuboakls dlpartovcs ba`a lm BAO y mc EOE EOEC C baktrohuylrck c doelrlktls bc`pcócs `ldoãtobcs, lk bamcharcboòk bak mc A@R, pcrc pra`avlr lstomas dl vodc scmudchmls y rldubor mc prapcfcboòk dlm barakcvorus durcktl lm Frck Bakkc`olkta. Mc okear`cboòk dosl`okcdc sl blktrò lk lm mcvcda dl `ckas, mc ltoqultc cm taslr, ka tabcrsl mc bcrc, mc dostckboc eàsobc y plr`cklblr lk bcsc (VJA, 8>8>d9 \KDLRC, 8>8>9 OAB, 8>8>c). Lk Lk lm bcsa dlm BAO, prokbopcm okstotuboòk dl mc arfckozcboòk dlpartovc oktlrkcboakcm qul ”rl÷kl c mas prokbopcmls cbtarls oktlrkcboakcmls ka sama lk lm bc`pa dlm dlpartl, soka tc`hoïk lk ma qul rlsplbtc c mc pamàtobc y mc lbaka`àc‐ (^ummlora, 8>8>, pãf. 2), su pra`avlr bamcharcboòk bak mc A@R sl rl`aktc buckda c`hcs okstotuboakls cbardcrak lm dlpartl dl hcsl lk tada clm3?:4, `ukda csà ba`a mubjcr baktrc mc okcbtovodcd eàsobc. Dlhoda c lsc mcrfc rlmcboòk dl bamcharcboòk, ka eul ukc kavldcd qul mc A@R pcrtobopcrc dl mcs dosbusoakls qul mmlvcrak cm cpmczc`olkta dl mas Gulfas Amà`pobas dl Taioa, Taioa, ba`pcrtolkda cslsarc`olkta tïbkoba bak lm BAO (8>8>h). Cdl`ãs, lk chrom, mc A@R puhmobò uk dabu`lkta lsplbàba pcrc hrokdcr cpaya cdoboakcm c mcs eldlrcboakls dlpartovcs y arfckozcdarls dl lvlktas dlpartovas lk ma rlelrlktl c mc pmckobcboòk dl lvlktas `csovas (VJA, 8>8>l), baksodlrcr mas dlsceàas dl ctrclr c mas eckãtobas pcrc qul rlfrlslk c mas lstcdoas y pldor c mas ctmltcs qul vulmvck c lktrlkcr y ba`pltor lk uk lktarka slfura. Mc o`partckboc dlm bakabo`olkta y mc okear`cboòk lk lm dlpartl jc brlboda lk mcs ÷mto`cs dïbcdcs, lsplbocm`lktl bak `orcs c `lgarcr lm rlkdo`olkta dlm dlpartostc 3?)7 par lgl`pma, utomozcr hof dctc pcrc dctc pcrc jcblr `lgarls bjcgls a `lgarcr mc ear`cboòk dl mas gufcdarls9 mc oktradubboòk dl kulvcs tlbkamafàcs lk lquopc`olkta dlpartova y rltrcks`osoakls pcrc `lgarcr mc bcmodcd dl sus pradubtas y slrvoboas9 lm usa dl oktlrklt lk mas lstcdoas pcrc ecbomotcr lm baksu`a y bakablr `lgar mcs prlelrlkbocs dl mas cboakcdas9 kulvcs ear`cs dl pctrabokoa y `criltokf c trcvïs dl rldls sabocmls y trcks`osoòk lk vova. Lk atras tïr`okas, lm dlpartl oktlrkcboakcm sl ba`olkzc c bcrcbtlrozcr par uk o`pumsa `cyar cm prablsa dl dofotcmozcboòk (Dlmaottl, 8>8>). ^rlbosc`lktl, bak lm bulstoakc`olkta dl mas mlfcdas amà`pobas c mcs boudcdls y pcàsls cktroakls, Taioa Taioa 8>8> oktraduborã tlbkamafàcs rlvamuboakcrocs pcrc flstoakcr `lgar mc arfckozcboòk dlm `lfc lvlkta ba`a baktcr bak rahats bcpcbls dl dcr okdobcboakls c mas vosotcktls, trcdubboakls dl odoa`cs y trckspartl9 baktram dl `umtotudls dorofoda par oktlmoflkboc crtobocm9 a rlcmodcd vortucm ok`lrsovc pcrc plr`otor ukc trcks`osoòk lk vova dl lvlktas lk lstcdoas oktlmoflktls bak 3?). Tadcs lstcs okkavcboakls tlbkamòfobcs cdquolrlk uk kulva sofkobcda hcga BAUOD-3? ba`a subldoò bak mas l-sparts a dlpartls vàc mc crlkc dofotcm, qul ls lm bcsa dl dofotcmozcboòk dlm dlpartl mmlvcda c su `ãxo`c lxprlsoòk. Lk `crza dl 8>8>, dlspuïs dl qul A@R okbmuylrc mas vodlagulfas lktrl mcs `ukdocm cbtovodcdls pcrc mo`otcr mc prapcfcboòk dlmmcbarakcvorus, mas màdlrls dl lstc okdustroc -dlscrrammcdarls, pmctcear`cs dl trcks`osoòk, pravlldarls dl jcrdwcrl- mckzcrak mc bc`pcóc #^mcyCpcrtTafltjlr pcrc pcrc doeukdor mcs pcutcs dl scmud dl mc A@R c trcvïs dl mas gulfas (Husoklss Vorl, 8>8>). Cm ofucm qul subldoò bak mcs ba`pltlkbocs dlpartovcs trcdoboakcmls, `ubjas tarklas dl l-sparts bak csostlkboc lk vova ba`a Oktlm Lxtrl`l @cstlrs @cstlrs a Eartkotl Varmd Bup, Bup, lktrl atras, eulrak bckblmcdas a paspulstas dlhoda c mc pckdl`oc dl BAUOD-3?, BAUOD -3?, ma qul o`pmobò tc`hoïk uk slvlra o`pcbta lbakò`oba pcrc mc okdustroc. Rok l`hcrfa, dcda qul mcs ba`pltoboakls dl vodlagulfas ka rlquolrlk klblscroc`lktl uk mufcr eàsoba dakdl tadas mas ba`pltodarls dlhck rlukorsl, mcs celbtcboakls dlhoda c mc pckdl`oc dl barakcvorus eulrak moflrc`lktl `lgarls (Bzlfmldy, 8>8>). Bchl `lkboakcr qul, cktls dlm hratl dl BAUOD-3?, Klwzaa (8>8>) praylbtchc qul mas okfrlsas dl mas l-sparts cmbckzcràck par pro`lrc vlz mas `om `ommakls dl dòmcrls lk 8>8>. Lk lstl slktoda, durcktl mas pro`lras trls `lsls dlm cóa, lm vcmar dl mcs cbboakls dl `ubjcs l`prlscs okdovoducmls dl gulfas y dlpartls lmlbtròkobas cu`lktò dlm 3% (Bzlfmldy, 8>8>) y, lk ba`pcrcboòk bak lm pro`lr tro`lstrl dl 8>3?, lm baktlkoda trcks`otoda lk vova vosta lk Twotbj Twotbj,, _auTuhl Fc`okf, Fc`okf, @oxlr y Ecblhaai cu`lktò lk uk 28> (Rtrlc` Jctbjlt, 8>8>, pãf. 8). Dl jlbja, mc lxpasoboòk dl mas l-sparts c kulvcs cudolkbocs durcktl mc pckdl`oc jc brlboda frcbocs c mcs trcdoboakcmls rltrcks`osoakls tlmlvosovcs -jlbjcs par LR^K, Doskly ZD, EAZ Rparts, HHB- y mc o`pmobcboòk cbtovc dl mcs arfckozcboakls dlpartovcs, puls cmfukcs eldlrcboakls oktlrkcboakcmls, mofcs praelsoakcmls, bmuhls y >4), `ubjas tarklas dl l-sparts hcscdas lk ba`pltoboakls dlpartovcs utomozcrak durcktl lm Frck Bakkc`olkta mas vodlagulfas abocmls dl su rlsplbtova dlpartl, yc slc bak kls hlkïbas, dl lktrltlko`olkta a so`pml`lktl bak kls dl doeusoòk. Lk lstcs ba`pltoboakls sl jck l`pmlcda ka sama c ec`asasdl gufcdarls dllk l-sparts, soka tc`hoïk c ctmltcs praelsoakcmls, okulkblrs okulkblrs y brlcdarls baktlkoda mcs doelrlktls rldls sabocmls. Rok l`hcrfa, bak mc pckdl`oc sl jc rlcko`cda lm frck dlhctl sahrl lm rlbakabo`olkta dl mas l-sparts ba`a `adcmodcd dlpartovc, lsplbocm`lktl lk Lurapc (Jcmm`ckk & Folm, 8>3:9 Jllrl, 8>3:9 ^crry, 8>3:). Lm BAO bakbohl mas dlpartls lmlbtròkobas ba`a ukc pmctcear`c pcrc lm ba`pra`osa bak mas gòvlkls, baksodlrckda lm lkvlglbo`olkta dl mc cudolkboc dlpartovc y mc dos`okuboòk dl mc csostlkboc c cmfukas lvlktas dlpartovas (OAB, 8>36). Ka ahstcktl, lm BAO tc`hoïk baksodlrc qul lm usa dlm tïr`oka dlpartl par pcrtl dl mas l-sparts rlquolrl uk `cyar lstudoa, cm tol`pa qul rlotlrc mc lxbmusoòk dl mas l-sparts voamlktas mas bucmls ka sak ba`pctohmls bak mas vcmarls amà`pobas (OAB, 8>3:). Bakbmusoakls Lk lstl trchcga pudo`as lvcmucr y dl`astrcr qul lm Frck Bakkc`olkta sorvoò ba`a bctcmozcdar dl mc saboldcd dlm bakabo`olkta b akabo`olkta lk 8>8>, yc qul rlquoroò lm usa oktlksova dl tlbkamafàc lk ãrlcs dakdl mc cbtovodcd ju`ckc sama mc utomozò ba`a jlrrc`olktc slbukdcroc. Ba`a sl puda cprlbocr c ma mcrfa dl lstl dabu`lkta, uka dl mas lelbtas dl mc pckdl`oc dl BAUOD-3? ls qul jc arommcda c mc ju`ckodcd c dcr uk `cyar o`pumsa cm usa dl mcs tlbkamafàcs y jc lvodlkbocda mc o`partckboc o`pmàbotc dl mcs pmctcear`cs dofotcmls pcrc mc rlcbtovcboòk dl mc lbaka`àc y mc dokã`obc sabocm. Cdl`ãs, chardc`as lm pcplm qul jck dlsl`plócda mcs AO lk lm Frck Bakkc`olkta y su pcplm ba`a cbtarls eukdc`lktcmls lk lm dlscrramma dl mc saboldcd dlm bakabo`olkta. qul lm Bakkc`olkta jc vcrochml soda uk oktlrvokolktl bctcmozcdar pcrc mc saboldcdBaksodlrckda dlm bakabo`olkta, mcsFrck AO jck soda mc prokbopcm yc qul jck lstcda hrokdckda c mas Lstcdas pcutcs y kar`cs oktlrkcboakcmls pcrc lm `cklga lbolktl y rlspakschml dl mc pckdl`oc. Mas bcsas pcrcdof`ãtobas qul kas plr`otlk `ltadamòfobc`lktl dl`astrcr kulstrc jopòtlsos eulrak7 mc A@R y su okvamubrc`olkta lk mc pradubboòk dl okear`cboòk y mc sabocmozcboòk dl mc `os`c pcrc mas `ommakls dl plrsakcs lk lm `ukda, puls pusa sus pratabamas dl baktlkboòk pckdï`obc cm slrvoboa dl mc ba`ukodcd oktlrkcboakcm, mas bucmls eulrak rlsumtcda dl okvlstofcboakls prlvocs y dl mc crtobumcboòk dl kulvas dctas l okear`cboòk9 mc AOT, qul jc praparboakcda dorlbtrobls pcrc rlfumcr mcs kulvcs ear`cs dl tlmltrchcga qul jck surfoda durcktl mc baktokflkboc y qul jc praduboda ukc kulvc fuàc mcharcm pcrc cslfurcr lm holklstcr dl mas trchcgcdarls y mc baktokuodcd dl mc pradubtovodcd9 mc \KLRBA, qul prapusa >6). Ta Vjct Lxtlkt Crl Oktlrkctoakcm Arfckozctoaks (OAs) Cutaka`aus Cbtars Ok Varmd ^amotobs1 Aptobak3:85 (8), (8), 3-:. dao73>.8>6> dao73>.8>6>< < Hlmm, F. (8>8>). Bò`a o`pml`lktcr mc vofomckboc `csovc sok okvabcr cm Frck Jlr`cka. Jlr`cka . Xlbuplrcda lm 8> dl chrom dl 8>8>, dl @OT Tlbjkamafy Xlvolw7 jttps7//hot.my/2jHrKTG jttps7//hot.my/2jHrKTG Hlkgc`ok, X. (8>3?). Xcbl Cetlr Tlbjkamafy. Bc`hrodfl7 Tlbjkamafy. Bc`hrodfl7 ^amoty ^rlss. Hõj`l, F., & Rtljr, K. (3?:5). Tjl Ikawmldfl Rabolty7 Tjl Frawokf O`pcbt ae Rbolktob Ikawmldfl ak Rabocm Xlmctoaks. Dardrlbjt7 Xlmctoaks. Dardrlbjt7 D. Xlodlm ^uhmosjokf Ba. Hrawkl, R. (8>38>). Fc`ls okdustry ukotls ta pra`atl Varmd Jlcmtj Arfckozctoak `lsscfls cfcokst BAUOD-3?9 mcukbj #^mcyCpcrtTafltjlr bc`pcofk. bc`pcofk . Ahtlkoda dl Husoklss Vorl, Okb.7 jttps7//www.husoklssworl.ba`/klw jttps7//www.husoklssworl.ba`/klws/ja`l/8>8>>43 s/ja`l/8>8>>43>>>46/ >>>46/ lk/ Botrak, D., & Kfcr`haakckckt, F. (8>8>). Hl vlry wcry ae Tru`p‟s Tru`p‟s jlcmtj survlommckbl sur vlommckbl pmcks.. Xlbuplrcda lm 35 dl chrom dl 8>8>, dl Tjl Vcsjokftak ^ast7 jttps7//wcpa. pmcks st/2deuKDs Bzlfmldy, ^. I. (8>8>). BAUOD-3? & Lsparts ‒ ^crt 3 ‒ Tjl Lbaka`ob ckd Okdustry O`pcbt . Ahtlkoda dl Cord Hlrmos7 jttps7//hot.my/8W^eLaB 3?). C wjaml klw hcmm fc`l7 Kcvofctokf dofotcm bjckfl ok tjl sparts okdustry. Ahtlkoda okdustry. Ahtlkoda dl Dlmaottl7 jttps7//hot.my/2gME2c> Dlmaottl. (8>8>). \kdlrstcdokf tjl o`pcbt ae BAUOD-3? ak tjl sparts okdustry. Ahtlkoda okdustry. Ahtlkoda dl Dlmaottl7 jttps7//hot.my/8^3o8H jttps7//hot.my/8^3o8H^ ^
DFB. (8>8>). \K tcbimls ‚okeadl`ob‟ ae `osokear`ctoak ckd byhlrbro`l ok BAUOD-3? brosos. Ahtlkoda brosos. Ahtlkoda dl \kotld Kctoaks Dlpcrt`lkt ae Fmahcm Ba``ukobctoaks7 jttps7// hot.my/8Z?vSoF Drubilr, ^. (3?5?). Tjl cfl ae dosbaktokuoty7 Fuodlmokls ta aur bjckfokf sabolty. Klw sabolty. Klw _ari7 Jcrplr & Xaw. Lsbc`ommc, G. (8>3?). Lm vcmar dl lkslócr pcrc lm `cóckc. `cóckc . Ahtlkoda dl Tlmas7 jttps7// hot.my/8WMT3XE Lsbahcr, C. (3??4). Vlmba`l ta byhlroc7 katls ak tjl cktjamafy ae byhlrbumturl. Burrlkt Cktjrapamafy, 2). Tjl dcri `cttlr ae dofotcm jlcmtj. jlcmtj. Xltrolvld chrom 38>, era` ^uhmob Haais7 jttps7//www.puhmobhaais.arf/tjl-dc jttps7//www.puhmobhaais.arf/tjl-dcri-`cttlr-ae-dofotcmri-`cttlr-ae-dofotcm-jlcmtj/ jlcmtj/ Frcjc`, L. (8>34). Oktlrkctoakcm arfckozctoaks cs bammlbtovl cflkts7 Ercf`lktctoak ckd tjl mo`ots ae prokbopcm baktram ct tjl Varmd Jlcmtj Arfckozctoak. Luraplck Gaurkcm ae Oktlrkctoakcm Xlmctoaks, Xlmctoaks, 8>(8), 8>(8), 255-2?>. dao73>.3366/3255332465335 dao73>.3366/3255332465335 Futoïrrlz, J. (8>8>). Lm pãkoba jukdl ukcs Hamscs lk bcàdc mohrl7 lm Ohlx sl dlspma`c uk 34,>5%, lm `cyar hctcbcza dl su jostaroc. Ahtlkoda jostaroc. Ahtlkoda dl Lm ^càs7 jttps7//hot.my/8@3:). lRparts ‒ Ba`pltotovl sparts ar rlbrlctoakcm cbtovoty1 Rpart @ckcfl`lkt Xlvolw Xlvolw,, 83(3), 83 (3), 34‒8>. dao73>.3>35/g.s`r.8>36.>6.>33 Jckslk, J., @bMcufjmok, R., & Kl`ltj, R. (8>>:). OA @ldoctoak ae Oktlrstctl Bakobts7 @avokf Hlyakd tjl Fmahcm vlrsus Xlfoakcm Dobjata`y. Gaurkcm ae Bakobt Xlsamutoak, >86>62325?2 dao73>.3366/>>88>>86>62325?2 Jcrcro, _. K. (8>8>). _uvcm Kacj Jcrcro7 tjl warmd cetlr barakcvorus. barakcvorus . Xltrolvld chrom 35, 8>8>, era` Eokckbocm To`ls7 jttps7//hot.my/8yAbqFS Jllrl, H. (8>3:). L`hrcbokf tjl spartobctoak ae sabolty7 Dlkokf l-sparts tjraufj c pamy`arpjob volw ak spart. Rpart @ckcfl`lkt Xlvolw, 83(3), 83(3), 83-84. dao73>.3>35/g. s`r.8>36.>6.>>8 Jurd, O. (8>33). Bjaobls ckd @ltjads okRtudols, tjl Rtudy Oktlrkctoakcm Gaurkcm ae Oktlrkctoakcm Arfckozctoak 8(8),ae6-88. Ahtlkoda Arfckozctoaks. dl jttps7//hot. my/25Bj^fv OMA & Luraeaukd. (8>36). Variokf Ckyto`l, Ckywjlrl7 Tjl llbts ak tjl warmd ae wari. Ahtlkoda wari. Ahtlkoda dl Oktlrkctoakcm Mchaur Arfckozctoak7 jttps7//hot.my/8Z?T^yi OMA. (8>8>c). Ba`pcrlblkboc dl mc Rrc. Bcr`lk Hulka, Lsplbocmostc lk Rlfurodcd y Rcmud lk lm Trchcga dl mc AOT, cktl mc Ba`osoòk dl Trchcga y Rlfurodcd Rabocm dlm Rlkcda qul lstudoc lm praylbta dl mly qul `adobc lm Bòdofa dlm Tr Trchcga chcga lk @ctlroc dl Trchcga c Dostckboc. Ahtlkoda Dostckboc. Ahtlkoda dl Oktlrkctoakcm Mchaur Arfckozctoak7 jttps7//hot. my/8ZBu^jU
8>h). Varmd L`pmay`lkt ckd Rabocm Autmaai7 Autm aai7 Trlkds 8>8>. Xlbuplrcda 8>8>. Xlbuplrcda lm >< dl >< dl 8>8>, dl Oktlrkctoakcm Mchaur Arfckozctoak7 jttps7//hot.my/8@b). Lm tlmltrchcga durcktl mc pckdl`oc dl BAUOD-3? y dlspuïs dl lmmc. lmmc. Ahtlkoda dl Oktlrkctoakcm Mchaur Arfckozctoak7 jttps7//hot.my/2meBaa@ O@E. (8>8>c). Varmd Lbaka`ob Autmaai. Xlbuplrcda Autmaai. Xlbuplrcda lm `cy dl 8>8>, dl Oktlrkctoakcm @akltcry Eukd7 jttps7//hot.my/2hliaVG
O@E. (8>8>h). Varmd Lbaka`ob Autmaai, Abtahlr 8>8>7 C Makf ckd Dobumt Csblkt. Csblkt. Ahtlkoda dl Oktlrkctoakcm @akltcry Eukd7 jttps7//hot.my/26bWBZq OAB. (8>34). Jostarob `omlstakl7 \kotld Kctoaks rlbafkosls cutaka`y ae spart . Ahtlkoda dl Oktlrkctoakcm Amy`pob Ba``ottll7 jttps7//www.amy`pob.arf/klws/jostarob`omlstakl-ukotld-kctoaks-rlbafkosls-cutaka`y-ae-spart OAB. (8>36). Ba``ukoqul ae tjl amy`pob su``ot . Ahtlkoda dl Oktlrkctoakcm Amy`pob Ba``ottll7 jttps7//www.amy`pob.arf/klws/ba`` jttps7//www.amy`pob.arf/klws/ba``ukoqul-ae-tjl-amy`pob-su``ot ukoqul-ae-tjl-amy`pob-su``ot OAB. (8>3:). Ba``ukoqul ae tjl 6tj amy`pob su``ot . Ahtlkoda dl Oktlrkctoakcm Amy`pob Ba``ottll7 jttps7//www.amy`pob.arf/klws/ba``ukoqul-ae-tjl-6tjamy`pob-su``ot OAB. (8>8>c). OAB prlsodlkt gaoks wja ”Vcmi tjl tcmi7 jlcmtj ear cmm bjcmmlkfl‐ ckd bcmms ak favlrk`lkts ta okbmudl spart ok tjlor rlbavlry pmcks. pmcks . Ahtlkoda dl Oktlrkctoakcm Amy`pob Ba``ottll7 jttps7//hot.my/8yK_thV OAB. (8>8>h). OAB ckd VJA strlkftjlk tols ta cdvabctl jlcmtjy j lcmtjy moelstymls. moelstymls. Ahtlkoda dl Oktlrkctoakcm Amy`pob Ba``ottll7 jttps7//hot.my/8CgZz\W Gakls, R. (8>>4). Tawcrds c Tjlary ae Okdustrocm Xlmctoaks ear c Ikawmldfl Lbaka`y. Okdustrolmml Hlzoljukflk / Tjl Flr`ck Gaurkcm ae Okdustrocm Xlmctoaks, 33(3/8), 33(3/8), 38>). Aur ldubctoak systl` os masokf rlmlvckbl. Jlrl‟s Jlrl‟s jaw ta ukmlcsj ots o ts patlktocm.. Ahtlkoda dl Varmd Lbaka`ob Earu`7 jttps7//hot.my/8WFOt\? patlktocm Mo, B., & Mcmcko, E. (8>8>). Tjl BAUOD-3? pckdl`ob jcs bjckfld ldubctoak earlvlr. Tjos os jaw . Ahtlkoda dl Varmd Lbaka`ob Earu`7 jttps7//hot.my/8TMAyuq Mukdfrlk, @., & Rvlkssak, O. (8>34). Mlckokfs ckd Dlcmokfs7 Lxpmarokf Hocs ckd Trcdl Mlvlrcfl ok Bovom Vcr @ldoctoak hy Oktlrkctoakcm Arfckozctoak. Oktlrkctoakcm Klfatoctoak, 3?(8), 3?(8), 23.3352/35?-382438:> dao73>.3352/35?-382438:> @ckslmm, X., & Vljk, \. (3??:). Ikawmldfl Raboltols7 Okear`ctoak Tlbjkamafy ear Rustcokchml Dlvlmap`lkt. Klw Dlvlmap`lkt. Klw _ari7 Axeard \kovlrsoty ^rlss. @bBcsiomm, R. (8>3?). Taiya 8>8>7 2D Ctjmltl Trcbiokf, >2). \kdlrstckdokf @ldoc7 Tjl Lxtlksoaks ae @ck. Hlrilmly7 @ck. Hlrilmly7 Fokfia. @ïkdlz, X. (8>8>). Rotocdas par mc pckdl`oc. Dlm bamcpsa c mc rlbakstrubboòk7 cpuktls flafrãbas. @cdrod7 flafrãbas. @cdrod7 Xlvovls.
8>). 8>8> fmahcm lsparts `crilt rlpart. Ahtlkoda rlpart. Ahtlkoda dl Klwzaa7 jttps7//hot. my/8TMWGk8 ^crry, G. (8>3:). L-sparts crl Kat Rparts. Rpart, Ltjobs ckd ^jomasapjy, ^jomasapjy, 32(3), 32(3), 2-3:. dao7 3>.3>:>/363:.34:?43? ^ummlora, B. (8>8>). Kctoakcm rlbafkotoak ckd pawlr rlmctoaks hltwllk stctls ckd suhstctl favlrk`lkts ok oktlrkctoakcm spart. Oktlrkctoakcm Gaurkcm ae Rpart ^amoby ckd ^amotobs,, 3-36. dao73>.3>:>/3?4> ^amotobs dao73>.3>:>/3?4>5?4>.8>3?.36>5 5?4>.8>3?.36>558> 58> Xàas, @. (8>32). Tlbjkamafobcm Klutrcmoty ckd Bakblptucm Rokfumcroty . Xlbuplrcda lm
3< dl chrom dl 8>8>, dl RRXK7 jttps7//pcplrs.ssrk.ba`/sam2/pcplrs.be`1chstrcbtQ od083?:::6 Rtrlc` Jctbjlt. (8>8>). BAUOD-3? o`pcbt ak strlc`okf cudolkbls. cudolkbls. Ahtlkoda dl Tarqul Lsparts7 jttps7//hot.my/2ly3lwV Tjl To`ls ae Okdoc. (8>8>). Hygu‟s cdds erll movl bmcssls ear studlkts c`odst BAUOD-3? mabidawk.. Ahtlkoda dl Tjl To`ls ae Okdoc7 jttps7//hot.my/25L\`lt mabidawk \KDLRC. (8>8>). Tjl o`pcbt ae BAUOD-3? ak spart, pjysobcm cbtovoty ckd wlmm-hlokf ckd ots llbts ak sabocm dlvlmap`lkt. dlvlmap`lkt. Ahtlkoda dl \kotld Kctoaks Dlpcrt`lkt ae ae Lbaka`ob ckd Rabocm Ccors7 jttps7//www.uk.arf/dlvlmap`lkt/dlsc/ dspd/8>8>/>>2). Ba``ukoquï - @okostlrocm Xaukd Tchml ak ”Tawcrds Ikawmldfl Raboltols‐. Xlbuplrcda Raboltols‐. Xlbuplrcda lm `cr. dl 8>8>, dl jttps7//uklsdab.uklsba.arf/cri7/4:882/ pe>>>>328334 \KLRBA. (8>>>>>343:42 \KLRBA. (8>8>c). BAUOD-3? Ldubctoakcm Dosruptoak ckd Xlspaksl. Xlspaksl. Xlbuplrcda lm 83 dl `cya dl 8>8>, dl \kotld Kctoaks Ldubctoakcm, Rbolktob ckd Bumturcm Arfckozctoak7 jttps7//hot.my/25I:uTX \KLRBA. (8>8>h). Fmahcm Ldubctoak Bacmotoak. Bacmotoak. Xlbuplrcda lm 85 dl `cya dl 8>8>, dl \kotld Kctoaks Ldubctoakcm, Rbolktob ckd Bumturcm Arfckozctoak7 jttps7//hot. my/8Cf:ekH VJA. (3???). Okulkzc ^ckdl`ob ^mck. Tjl Xaml ae VJA ckd Fuodlmokls ear Kctoakcm ckd Xlfoakcm ^mckkokf. Xlbuplrcda ^mckkokf. Xlbuplrcda lm Cprom dl 8>8>, dl Varmd Jlcmtj Arfckozctoak7 jttps7//hot.my/2li\\WX VJA. (8>>8>, era` Varmd Jlcmtj Arfckozctoak7 jttps7//hot.my/8ZB2yw2 VJA. (8>38). Fuodckbl ak dlvlmap`lkt ckd o`pml`lktctoak ae c kctoakcm dlpmay`lkt ckd vcbbokctoak pmck ear pckdl`ob okulkzc vcbbokls vcbbokls.. Xlbuplrcda lm 38 dl Cprom dl 8>8>, dl Varmd Jlcmtj Arfckozctoak7 jttps7//hot.my/25DjxpH VJA. (8>8>c). Lxplrtas y lktodcdls dl kckbocboòk dl tada lm `ukda lstchmlblk proarodcdls pcrc mc okvlstofcboòk dl mc BAUOD-3? BAUOD-3?.. Xlbuplrcda lm 3: dl >< dl 8>8>, dl Varmd Jlcmtj Arfckozctoak7 jttps7//hot.my/8WDsjTD
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